LECTURIO:
Sickle-cell anemia…..
QUIZ
- Is a gene defect caused by a point
mutation of a single nucleotide of the
What is the primary mechanism for
B-globulin gene
DNA proofreading?
- Leads to an abnormality in the
- The 3 – 5 exonuclease activity of DNA
structure of hemoglobin protein and
polymerase III
inhibits its ability to carry oxygen in
the red blood cell
How would a large chromosomal
- Results from the substitution of
inversion affect the expression of a
glutamic acid by valine at position 6 in
gene is located between the break point
the B-globin gene
but no breaks occur within the gene?
- The inversion would probably have no
Which of the following is NOT
effect on gene expression
correctly associated?
- Mis-sense mutation – change in the
Which of the following statements are
structure of a chromosome
CORRECT regarding the mutagens.
- Mutagen can be any physical or
Which of the following is NOT correct
chemical agent which bring the
about codon reiteration disorders.
mutations in the DNA of an organism
- Huntington’s disease leads to the
- Mutagens, the genotoxins, causes
degeneration of excretory and
deleterious mutation during replication
digestive system due to heavy metal
which leads to abnormal gene
toxicity.
expression
- Ionization radiation, UV light, receive
How would a large chromosomal
oxygen species, polycyclic aromatic
inversion affect the expression of a
hydrocarbons, intercalating and
gene if the gene is located between the
transposons are associated with
two break points but no breaks occur
mutations in the DNA
within the gene?
- The inversion would probably have no
Photolyase enzyme…..
effect on gene expression
- Is a visible light-dependent DNA
repair enzyme specific to UV damaged
Which of the following is NOT a type
DNA repair
of chromosomal mutation
- Codon reiteration
Which of the following disorders are
The second law of thermodynamics
associated with point mutations in the
implies the…..
DNA?
- Entropy is energy lost to the system
- Sickle-cell anemia
- All reactions result in a change in free The energy released during an
energy exergonic reaction in a cellular process
- The disorder in the universe is always is usually stored in the form of?
increasing - ATP
- Not all energy resulting from chemical
reactions is available to do work In human blood, which enzyme helps
in the maintenance of bicarbonate
Enzymes….. buffering system?
- Are biological catalysts - Carbonic anhydrase
- Help metabolic processes proceed
more rapidly The optimum pH for pepsin enzyme
- Decrease activation energy is?
- 1.5-2
Which molecule is a primarily
metabolite in the cellular respiration Glucose is converted into glucose 6-
- Glucose phosphate by hexokinase. Glucose 6-
phosphate then serves as the substrate
Which of the following is NOT for the enzyme phosphoglucose
correctly stated? isomerase, which converts this
- There is a complete transfer of energy reactant into fructose 6-phosphate.
from one trophic level to another in the Fructose 6-phosphate serves as the
food chain substrate for phosphofructokinase,
which converts fructose 6-phosphate
The ecological efficiency rule state….. into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Based
- The transfer of energy between the on the information provided, this is an
trophic levels of a food chain is example of what?
inefficient - A metabolic pathway
Which of the following is NOT How many carbons are released via
correctly stated? the breakdown of 1 acetyl-CoA
- In the biological systems, the value of molecule
G is necessarily positive - 2
Which of the following is true about
enzyme?
- Enzymes reduce the activation energy A human cell has a mutation in the
gene that encodes the enzyme that
reactions
generates lactate from pyruvate,
rendering that enzyme completely
nonfunctional. Assuming that there
is a simple glucose and oxygen is - Muscle fatigue
available, how would this cell - Decline in enzyme activity
generate energy in the presence of
oxygen? During Krebs cycle, the electron
- Aerobic respiration carriers generated are?
- NADH and FADH2
What are the products of one turn
of the Krebs cycle (one Acetyl How many times would Krebs cycle
CoA)? get repeated for two glucose
- 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 molecules?
ATP - 4 times
Which of the following is NOT true Krebs cycle occurs in the?
regarding inhibitor and activators - Mitochondrial matrix
of enzymes?
- Substrate molecules compete As electrons move along the
with the allosteric inhibitors electron transport chain, they lose
and activators for the allosteric potential energy. How is the energy
sites to enhance the enzymatic that is released used by the cell?
reaction rates - the energy is used to transport
protons against their
Which of the following is concentration gradient
mismatched?
- Metabolism - chemical reaction In aerobic respiration,
taking place in the core of sun chemiosmatic generation of ATP is
to produce sunlight driven by his driven by?
- A different in H+ concentration
Which of the following participates on the two sides of the inner
in the recycling of the NAD? mitochondrial membrane
- Electron transport chain
- Fermentation or anaerobic Glucose is not our only food source,
respiration nor did the only one we can utilize
in our bodies to generate energy.
During heavy exercise, refuels the Other primary resources of energy
glycolysis. include other sugars, proteins and
- Cori cycle (lactic acid cycle) fats. What metabolic intermediate
are fats primary converted into?
What are the side effects of the - Acetyl-CoA
lactic acid cycle in the muscle cells?
- Decrease in pH
When amino acids are degraded in You are studying an enzyme-
cells, into what intermediate of the catalyzed reaction that induces a
aerobic respiration process are the particular cellular activity in the
carbon skeletons of amino acids lab. If you wanted to slow down the
primarily converted? particular cellular activity by
- Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA and controlling the enzyme, what could
Krebs cycle intermediates you do?
- Decrease the temperature of the
Which of the following is incubator were the cells are
INCORRECT regarding the ETC? growing
- ETC chain helps in the
breakdown of the glucose to the What must happen to amino acids
carbon dioxide molecules via before they can be used in catabolic
substrate level phosphorylation reactions?
- They must be delaminated
The final electron acceptor in the
ETC is? Phosphofructokinase is regulated
- Oxygen by a number of factors, including
high levels of ATP. Why is this
Which of the following is a enzyme regulated by ATP levels?
CORRECT equation for the - if ATP levels are high , it is
breakdown of glucose via aerobic important to directly inhibit the
respiration? reaction that commits the
- C6H1206 + 6O2 – 6CO2 + substrate to glycolysis to allow
6H20 + Energy + (Heat + ATP) the substrate to be available for
other the actions , since the cell
During the fat catabolism, the fats has sample energy
are converted into?
- Fatty acids and glycerol Which of the following is
mismatched?
Fatty acids generated during fat - Cofactor - a type of inactive
metabolism, are converted to enzyme
Acetyl-CoA via?
- B-oxidation What is the average efficiency of
glucose metabolism under aerobic
Increased breakdown of proteins conditions?
results in? - 32%
- Increase production of urea
A center intermediate of
metabolism is?
- Acetyl CoA
Which of the following statements is
The majority of the metabolic not true regarding tRNA and
pathway are regulated by? rRNA?
- Negative feedback mechanism - The anticodon present at the 5’
end of the acceptor end helps
Which of the following is true about the tRNA to recognize and bind
enzyme? to the correct amino acid
- Enzymes reduce the activation floating in the cytoplasm of the
energy of reaction cell.
Which of the following enzyme Which is true regarding RNA
ensure the attachment of correct polymerase?
amino acid to the corresponding - it operates in transcription
tRNA during charging of tRNA? bubble
- Aminoacyl tRNA syntheses
A wobble base pair is a pairing
What is true of the central dogma? between which of the following?
- It says DNA codes for RNA - Two nucleotides in RNA
which codes for protein molecules that do not follow
Watson- Crick base pairing
* How many base pairs are present per rules.
turn of DNA helix in the Z-DNA?
Which is true about genetic code?
- 12 (6- dimers
- It is the same in E.coli as it is in
humans
* Which of the following pyrimidine is a
part of the DNA structure?
- Thymidine Which is true of transcription
- It begins near a promoter
* Which of the following is not true about
Which of the following statements
deoxyribonucleotides?
about the genetic code is not true?
- They all are encoded by RNA - It contains 20 codons- one for
polymerase each amino acid
The nucleotides of the nucleic acids Which is true of nucleic acid?
are joined by which of the - They have directional polarities
following? arising from the sugars they
- The phosphodiester bonds contain
True of tRNA’s?
- They contain chemically
modified bases
True of DNA replication?
- It always occurs 5’ to 3’
True about tRNA?
- They have extensive secondary
structures.
