A

PROJECT REPORT

ON
“HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the award of

DIPLOMA
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Mohammad Wali 1822064010
Mohd. Hasnain Raza 1822064011
Adil Khan 1822064003
Adesh Prajapati 2922064001
Apoorv Singh 2922064002

Under the Guidance Under the Supervision

Er. Mohd. Yasir Er. Mohd. Faraz Khan
(Lecturer) (H.o.D.)

SESSION 2020-2021
Department of Electrical Engineering
University Polytechnic, Shahjahanpur
INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
 Electrical Engineering Department
Integral University-Lucknow
Polytechnic Center Shahjahanpur

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that our team which is comprised of Five students of
final year DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING in this University is
presenting a project on “HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING
SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO” as our final year project during the session
2020-2021.

This project is completed for the award of DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING from Integral University center Shahjahanpur.

H.o.D/Supervisor Under Guidance

Er. Mohd. Faraz Khan Er. Mohd Yasir

i
 Electrical Engineering Department
Integral University-Lucknow
Polytechnic Center Shahjahanpur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our project Guide Er.
Mohd Yasir, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Polytechnic
Shahjahanpur Center, for his constant support, timely help, guidance, sincere co-
operation during the entire period of my work. We are grateful to him for
providing all the necessary online/offline facilities during the whole course of
the project work.
We are also thankful to our Lab instructor Mr. Mohd. Irfan Khan for
providing his auspicious guidance through to understand the practical concepts
through physical as well as virtual project lab.
We would also like to thank our project supervisor, Er. Mohd. Faraz
Khan (H.o.D), Department of Electrical Engineering, University Polytechnic
Campus, Shahjahanpur for the help provided during various stages of the
project.
We would like to thank our Principal Dr. Naseem for his encouragement,
constant support & my father for his full support from time to time in making
this project. Apart from this Er. S.A. Rafey & Er. Farazuddin Siddiqui are
also indebted to my heartily thanks.
We also thankful to our loving parents, brothers, sisters and my colleagues
for their moral support & timely help.
Mohammad Wali Mohd.Hasnain Raza
(1822064010) Apoorv Singh (1822064011)
Adil Khan (2922064002) Adesh Prajapati
(1822064003) (2922064001)

Electrical Engineering
University Polytechnic-Shahjahanpur

ii
 ABSTRACT

We present the working model of “HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE

MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO” for the partial fulfillment
of certificate of Diploma in Electrical Engineering. This project is a prototype
of embedded Arduino, which utilizes Humidity Sensor & LM35 Temperature
Sensor to obtain Environment details like Temperature & Humidity. The main
aim of this prototype is to study about the implementation of temperature and
humidity system over any industrial unit, which will perform the live
observation and monitoring in it through the LCD which constantly displays the
details provided and processed by the microcontroller, as well as we have
opened a door of monitoring through IoT technology through which this can be
live over internet. In spite of it an Automated Alarm is also embedded with it,
which will indicate that the temperature and humidity exceed certain given
critical value. Another objective is to design a networking interface to give a
user the control and accessibility to change the settings of the temperature and
humidity sensor by entering the values over the online portal so as to avoid the
damage in the sensor and the industrial unit.

This project is well utilized under Industrial Units to automate the

environment monitoring 24x7 without any human requirement.

iii
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

iv
BLOCK DIAGRAM

v
 COMPONENT LIST

NAME OF
SN SPECIFICATIONS QUANTITY
COMPONENTS

1 LCD Display 16X2 1

2 Humidity Sensor DHT11 1

3 Temperature Sensor LM35 1

4 ATMEL Microcontroller ATMEGA328P 2

5 Controller Board Arduino R3 SMD 2

6 Alarm Buzzer Piezo 95 dB 1

7 Arduino Nano Cable USB 2.0, 30 cm 1

8 Arduino Jumper Wire EL-CP-004(20 cm) Few

9 Wooden base plate - 1

10 Adapter 12 VDC 1

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 OVERVIEW

Title of the project:

HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO

Domain:
Electronics
Electrical & Control

Software:
Arduino Duo 1.8.2

Microcontroller Driver IC:

ATMEL Microcontroller ATMEGA328P

Power Supply:
12V DC Adapter Included

Display:
16x2 LCD

Sensors:
DHT11 (Humidity Sensor)
LM35 (Temperature Sensor)

Applications:
To track the level of humidity in air.
Live tracking of Humidity & Temperature over internet
For safety measures of various Industrial units.

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

ABSTRACT iii

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM iv

BLOCK DIAGRAM v

COMPONENT LIST vi

OVERVIEW vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii-ix

CHAPTER 1: ABOUT PROJECT 1-3

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 OBJECTIVE & PROJECT STATEMENT 2

1.3 THESIS ORGANIZATION 3

CHAPTER 2: HUMIDITY & TEMPARATURE MONITORING 4-6

2.1 NEED OF HUMIDITY MONITORING 4

2.2 NEED OF TEMPARATURE MONITORING 5

2.3 SINGLE SYSTEM FOR WHOLE INDUSTRIAL UNIT 6

viii
CHAPTER 3: INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO ASSEMBLY 7-15

3.1 WHAT IS ARDUINO 7

3.2 HISTORY OF ARDUINO 8

3.3 SOFTWARE 9

3.4 ARDUINO CODING 11

3.5 USE OF MICROCONTROLLER IN ARDUINO 14

CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION & WORKING 16-27

4.1 MAIN COMPONENTS 16

4.2 CONSTRUCTION & CONNECTION 23

4.3 WORKING PROCESS 26

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 28-29

5.1 CONCLUSION 28

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE 29

REFERENCE 30

APPENDIX 31-32

BASE PAPER

ix
Chapter 1:
ABOUT PROJECT

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 OBJECTIVE & PROJECT STATEMENT

1.3 THESIS ORGANIZATION

HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Chapter 1: ABOUT PROJECT

In this chapter the basic introduction about the project including objective & project statement & thesis
organization is given in short.

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The idea of this thesis & it’s prototype is to build an Arduino-based embedded sytem for
monitoring environmental variables: humidity and temperature and to study its performance in
different temperature and humidity for small industrial unit. The prototype is built using the
microcontroller Arduino and sensors, which could sense the temperature and amount of moisture
inside a building and provide information in a serial monitor and a liquid crystal display (LCD).
Out of many clones and different available microcontroller boards, Arduino Uno was used in this
project.

This project is presented into two parts One is theoretical part, which gives a basic
introduction to the materials and equipment used during the project and the second part is Video
Demonstration, which provides stepwise process for connection and circuitry. The project
successfully meets to pre-determined goals, implementation was possible with the help of the
Arduino book, previous work of another student and related internet sites where most of the
information is available.

This system deals with an innovative idea of Humidity & Temperature Monitoring.
Which provides best measurement of two common Environmental Parameters i.e. Humidity &
Temperature using Arduino based on microcontroller and sensors.

This project consists of three sections - one senses the humidity by using humidity
sensor DHT11. The second section senses the temperature by using humidity sensor LM35.
And the third part of the system displays humidity and temperature on LCD.

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

1.2 OBJECTIVE & PROJECT STATEMENT

• OBJECTIVE

The aim of our project is to measure environmental conditions i.e. Humidity &
Temperature both in single module. Also, we are going to build an Arduino based embedded
device for monitoring of small industrial Unit (monitoring environmental variables temperature
and humidity) and to study the characteristics of its performance.

To observe different environmental conditions by using the prototype in NTP (normal

room temperature/humidity), outdoor temperature/humidity and the insulated wooden box
inside the given industrial Unit.

This includes practical steps to follow for this developing prototype that can measure
temperature and humidity of building or surrounding and display readings in a LCD display
(liquid crystal display) and serial monitor as well using Arduino board and sensors.

• STATEMENT

The monitoring of environmental variables such as temperature, pressure and humidity

has a long history of development and the variables have shown significant impact in the
productivity of plant growth, the quality of food industry and the efficiency of many temperature
and humidity-sensitive equipment. The monitoring of temperature and humidity of laboratories,
storages, halls, school and hospitals is important with respect to health and hygiene. The reliable
measurement and monitoring is crucial in this competitive era of technology.

Arduino, the open source hardware has shown ability to meet the need of accurate and
real-time monitoring and controlling of environmental variables. The Arduino user community
is a forum where many people can share their ideas, use each other’s work and modify them to
innovate and advance many different interacting objects. Arduino is use in a wide range of
projects to develop objects that can interact with people or environment and internet. The
materials required are easily available, cheap in price and easy to use with the help of available
open-source information. Arduino has been used to build robots, drones, remote controllers,

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

monitoring devices and many interesting objects which is a one big step towards making the
world more automated and sustainable. This thesis was expected to be helpful in learning
electronics and programming as well as documentation process.

This thesis is an academic work made in the final year of environmental engineering
studies. The purpose of the thesis was to build an Arduino based embedded device for building
monitoring (monitoring environmental variables temperature and humidity) and to study the
characteristics of its performance. The developed system is useful 3 in monitoring two variables
temperature and humidity in a building, laboratory and greenhouse. In this thesis, the required
equipment, connections and circuit diagrams with necessary codes were compiled in a step-by-
step order.

1.3 THESIS ORGANISATION

This thesis is organized into six chapters. The first one deal with the brief introduction
of the project also includes literature survey on the existing solar panel model.

Chapter-1 In this chapter the basic introduction about the project including objective & project
statement & thesis organization is given in short.

Chapter-2 In this chapter we describe the need of Humidity & Temperature Monitoring along with
the use of it over a single prototype/system for small industrial unit.

Chapter-3 In this chapter covers the basic introduction & history of Arduino along-with it’s
software modulation, programming, coding etc with respect to Arduino 1.8.2, apart of this the
significance of using MICROCONTROLLOR is also discussed in detail.

Chapter-4 In this chapter we describe the basic introduction about our construction & working of
project with the basics of some main components used in it.

Chapter-5 In this chapter the project is concluded and its future prospects are discussed in
short considering the various dimensions as per the modern requirements.

References In this section various citations used in our project are discussed.

Appendix In this section the program is written for Arduino Uno as per the system
requirement.

Base Paper In this section the base paper of the conceptual prototype is attached for the
record.

3
Chapter 2:
HUMIDITY & TEMPARATURE MONITORING

2.1 NEED OF HUMIDITY MONITORING

2.2 NEED OF TEMPARATURE MONITORING

2.3 SINGLE SYSTEM FOR WHOLE INDUSTRIAL UNIT

HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Chapter 2: HUMIDITY & TEMPARATURE MONITORING

In this chapter we describe the need of Humidity & Temperature Monitoring along with the use of it over a
single prototype/system for small industrial unit.

2.1 NEED OF HUMIDITY MONITORING

Humidity is simply the presence of water vapor in air or other gases, expressed as
relative humidity (RH) or as absolute humidity. Relative humidity is the most common
measurement and is defined as the ratio of the actual vapor pressure to the saturation vapor
pressure, expressed as a percentage. Absolute humidity, in comparison, measures the mass of
water vapor present in a unit volume of air at a given temperature and pressure. Common
measurement units are dewpoint (°F or °C), grams of water per cubic meter of air (g/m³) or
pounds of water per million cubic feet (lb/ft³).
The presence or absence of water vapor in air or other gas influences a vast range of
physical, chemical and biological processes. Humidity measurements are important for a wide
range of industries and to some they are a critical aspect of business costs, product quality, and
health and safety. The measurement of humidity is also an important element of weather reports
because the presence of humidity indicates the chance of dew, fog, or precipitation. Higher
relative humidity reduces the effectiveness of sweating in order to cool the body.

If your home is too humid, it creates a better environment for dust mites, mold and
mildew. Allergens also thrive in high humidity conditions. The bottom line is humidity plays a
big role when it comes to indoor air quality, and that air quality directly can directly affect the
health of you and your family. Similarly for industrial unit the humidity affects the equipment
through corrosion over the material surface, electric shock and many more harms.

The Model defines minimum standards for humidity monitoring and alarm systems and
components, and for the operational management of these system Humidity monitoring systems
and devices should be used in temperature-controlled rooms that are used to store TTSPPs that
require a humidity-controlled environment. Monitoring sensors should be accurate to ± 5%
relative humidity (RH) and located to monitor worst-case humidity levels within the qualified
storage volume. They should be positioned so as to be minimally affected by transient events
such as door opening.

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HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

2.2 NEED OF TEMPARATURE MONITORING

Then temperature is the most important environmental parameter for given industrial
unit. So, an accurate determination of temperature, or the measure of hot or cold, is an important
factor in many industries as follows:

• Food and Beverage Processing: Measurement and control of temperature is of utmost

importance for both food and beverage processing manufacturers. Temperature is one of the
important factors to consider during the bulk production of food items.

• In the beverage industry, temperature plays a vital role in deciding the quality of the final
product. During the wine making or brewing process, the ambient temperature, as well as
fermentation temperature, could have a positive or negative effect. Even in the process of milk
pasteurization, the temperature is important to ensure the removal of harmful pathogens, such
as Escherichia, Salmonella, and Listeria.

• Plastic Production: Temperature plays an important role in the plastic industry. During the
manufacturing stages, for example thermoforming, or injection molding, several temperature
ranges needs to be monitored to ensure a high product quality.

• Metal Processing: Be it any type of metal process plant, temperature measurement is always
high on the list for operational excellence. Temperature measurement and analysis is plays a
key role in metal processing, as well as monitoring. If the temperature measurement
information is not correct, then it can affect quality of the final product, as well as endanger
workplace security.

So, we can say that the Temperature is thus a state variable. Together with mass, heat
capacity and others, temperature describes the energy content of a body, or, as it often expressed
in physics, a system.

This Model defines minimum standards for temperature monitoring and alarm systems
and components, and for the operational management of these systems. Air temperature
monitoring systems and devices should be installed in all temperature-controlled rooms, cold
rooms, freezer rooms, refrigerators and freezers used to store TTSPPs. Electronic sensors
should be accurate to ± 0.5 °C or better.4 Sensors should be located in areas where the greatest
variability in temperature is expected to occur within the qualified storage volume and they
should be positioned so as to be minimally affected by transient events such as door opening.

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HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

2.3 SINGLE SYSTEM FOR WHOLE INDUSTRIAL UNIT

We have combined these two monitoring systems in our project i.e. humidity
Monitoring & Temperature monitoring so as to read the readings of both quantities over the
single LCD screen. This hybrid may be useful for comparative studies of these quantities. Also
this enables the single alarm if any of these quantity exceeds over the pre-decided critical value
to avoid harmful effects on the industrial unit.
The Alarm system Temperature as well as humidity (where necessary), alarm systems
should be linked to the monitoring system(s) with high and low alarm set points. There should
be a visual alarm and preferably also an audible alarm, together with automatic telephone dial-
up or short message service (SMS) text warnings to key personnel.
The DHT sensors are made of two parts, a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor.
There is also a very basic chip inside that does some analog to digital conversion and spits out
a digital signal with the temperature and humidity. The digital signal is fairly easy to read using
any microcontroller.

The objective of this model is to achieve a functional system in terms of hardware and
software, to measure temperature and humidity. Also, this system will allow to monitoring the
time. In this, we use an Arduino board with interfacing a sensor placed in local environment to
measure temperature and humidity. We focused to achieve the goal of achieving a functional
system in terms of hardware and software that allows measuring and monitoring temperature,
humidity and the time; using a development board for the communication with the sensor and
clock along-with the implementation a program that allows requirements.

6
Chapter 3:
INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO ASSEMBLY

3.1 WHAT IS ARDUINO

3.2 HISTORY OF ARDUINO
3.3 SOFTWARE
3.4 ARDUINO CODING
3.5 USE OF MICROCONTROLLER IN ARDUINO
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Chapter 3: INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO ASSEMBLY

In this chapter covers the basic introduction & history of Arduino along-with it’s software modulation,
programming, coding etc with respect to Arduino 1.8.2, apart of this the significance of using
MICROCONTROLLOR is also discussed in detail.

3.1 WHAT IS ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community
that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both physically and
digitally. Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the
GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and
software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled
form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are
also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically
programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In
addition to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project. The Arduino project
started in 2003 as a program for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy,

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that
interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices
intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors. The
name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of the project used
to meet. The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the margrave of the March of Ivrea
and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014.

3.2 HISTORY OF ARDUINO

The Arduino project was started at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. At
that time, the students used a BASIC Stamp microcontroller at a cost of about 3780 INR, a
considerable expense for many students. In 2003 Hernando Barragán created the development
platform Wiring as a Master's thesis project at IDII, under the supervision of Massimo Banzi and
Casey Reas. Casey Reas is known for co-creating, with Ben Fry, the Processing development platform.
The project goal was to create simple, low-cost tools for creating digital projects by non-engineers.
The Wiring platform consisted of a printed circuit board (PCB) with an ATMEL328P microcontroller,
an IDE based on Processing and library functions to easily program the microcontroller.
In 2003, Massimo Banzi, with David Mellis, another IDII student, and David Cuartielles, added
support for the cheaper ATmega8 microcontroller to Wiring. But instead of continuing the work on
Wiring, they forked the project and renamed it Arduino. The initial Arduino core team consisted of
Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis, but Barragán was
not invited to participate.
Following the completion of the Wiring platform, lighter and less expensive versions were
distributed in the open-source community.
It was estimated in mid-2011 that over 300,000 official Arduinos had been commercially produced,
and in 2013 that 700,000 official boards were in users' hands.
In October 2016, Federico Musto, Arduino's former CEO, secured a 50% ownership of the
company.
In April 2017, Wired reported that Musto had "fabricated his academic record.... On his company's
website, personal LinkedIn accounts, and even on Italian business documents, Musto was until
recently listed as holding a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In some cases, his
biography also claimed an MBA from New York University." Wired reported that neither University
had any record of Musto's attendance, and Musto later admitted in an interview with Wired that he
had never earned those degrees.

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

The controversy surrounding Musto continued when, in July 2017, he reportedly pulled many
Open-source licenses, schematics, and code from the Arduino website, prompting scrutiny and outcry.
In October 2017, Arduino announced its partnership with ARM Holdings (ARM). The
announcement said, in part, "ARM recognized independence as a core value of Arduino ... without
any lock vendors and architectures. In early 2008, the five co-founders of the Arduino project created
a company, Arduino LLC, to hold the trademarks associated with Arduino. The manufacture and sale
of the boards was to be done by external companies, and Arduino LLC would get a royalty from them.
The founding bylaws of Arduino LLC specified that each of the five founders transfer ownership of
the Arduino brand to the newly formed company. At the end of 2008, Gianluca Martino's company,
Smart Projects, registered the Arduino trademark in Italy and kept this a secret from the other
cofounders for about two years. This was revealed when the Arduino company tried to register the
trademark in other areas of the world (they originally registered only in the US), and discovered that
it was already registered in Italy. Negotiations with Gianluca and his firm to bring the trademark under
control of the original Arduino company failed. In 2014, Smart Projects began refusing to pay
royalties. They then appointed a new CEO, Federico Musto, who renamed the company Arduino SRL
and created the website arduino.org, copying the graphics and layout of the original arduino.cc. This
resulted in a rift in the Arduino development team.
In January 2015, Arduino LLC filed a lawsuit against Arduino SRL.
In May 2015, Arduino LLC created the worldwide trademark Genuino, used as brand name
outside the United States.
At the World Maker Faire in New York on October 1, 2016, Arduino LLC co-founder and
CEO Massimo Banzi and Arduino SRL CEO Federico Musto announced the merger of the two
companies.
By 2017 Arduino AG owned many Arduino trademarks. In July 2017 BCMI, founded by
Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, David Mellis and Tom Igoe, acquired Arduino AG and all the
Arduino trademarks. Fabio Violante is the new CEO replacing Federico Musto, who no longer works
for Arduino AG.

4.3 SOFTWARE
A program for Arduino hardware may be written in any programming language with
compilers that produce binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a development
environment for their 8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM Cortex-M based microcontrollers: AVR Studio
(older) and Atmel Studio (newer).

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

a) IDE
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for
Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It originated from the
IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It includes a code editor with features such as text
cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic indenting, brace matching, and syntax
highlighting, and provides simple one-click mechanisms to compile and upload programs to an
Arduino board. It also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common
functions and a hierarchy of operation menus. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU
General Public License, version 2.
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring.
The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common
input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the
sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an
executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution.
The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in
hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's
firmware.

b) Sketch
A sketch is a program written with the Arduino IDE. Sketches are saved on the development
computer as text files with the file extension .ino. Arduino Software (IDE) pre-1.0 saved sketches with
the extension .pde. A minimal Arduino C/C++ program consist of only two functions:

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

setup(): This function is called once when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is used to initialize
variables, input and output pin modes, and other libraries needed in the sketch.

loop(): After setup() function exits (ends), the loop() function is executed repeatedly in the main
program. It controls the board until the board is powered off or is reset.

Blink example
Power LED and Integrated LED on Arduino Compatible Board Power LED (red) and User LED
(green) attached to pin 13 on an Arduino compatible board Most Arduino boards contain a light-
emitting diode (LED) and a current limiting resistor connected between pin 13 and ground, which is a
convenient feature for many tests and program functions. A typical program used by beginners, akin
to Hello, World!, is "blink", which repeatedly blinks the on-board LED integrated into the Arduino
board. This program uses the functions pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and delay(), which are provided by
the internal libraries included in the IDE environment. This program is usually loaded into a new
Arduino board by the manufacturer.
#define LED_PIN 13 // Pin number attached to LED.
void setup() {
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT); // Configure pin 13 to be a digital output.
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on the LED.
delay(1000); // Wait 1 second (1000 milliseconds).
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // Turn off the LED.
delay(1000); // Wait 1 second.
}

4.4 ARDUINO CODING

Arduino coding is based on programming language. So After understanding the hardware of
Arduino programs are written in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Arduino
IDE is a special software running on your system that allows you to write sketches (synonym for
program in Arduino language) for different Arduino boards. The Arduino programming language is
based on a very simple hardware programming language called processing, which is similar to the C
language. After the sketch is written in the Arduino IDE, it should be uploaded on the Arduino board
for execution.

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

The first step in programming the Arduino board is downloading and installing the Arduino IDE.
The open source Arduino IDE runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Download the Arduino
software (depending on your OS) from the official website and follow the instructions to install.

Now Let’s discuss the basics of Arduino programming.

The structure of Arduino program is pretty simple. Arduino programs have a minimum of
2 blocks, Preparation & Execution.

Each block has a set of statements enclosed in curly braces:

void setup( )
{
statements-1;
.
.
.
statement-n;
}
void loop ( )
{
statement-1;
.
.
.
statement-n;
}

Here, setup ( ) is the preparation block and loop ( ) is an execution block.

The setup function is the first to execute when the program is executed, and this function is called
only once. The setup function is used to initialize the pin modes and start serial communication.
This function has to be included even if there are no statements to execute.
void setup ( )
{
pinMode (pin-number, OUTPUT); //set pin-number as a output.
pinMode (pin- number, INPUT); //set pin-number as a input.
}
After the setup ( ) function is executed, the execution block runs next. The execution block hosts
statements like reading inputs, triggering outputs, checking conditions etc..

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 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

In the above example loop ( ) function is a part of execution block. As the name suggests, the loop(
) function executes the set of statements (enclosed in curly braces) repeatedly.
Void loop ( )
{
digitalWrite (pin-number, HIGH); //turn ON the component connected with the set pin-number.
delay (1000); // wait for 1 sec
digitalWrite (pin-number, LOW); //turn OFF the component connected with the set pin-number.
delay (1000); //wait for 1sec
}
Note: Arduino always measures the time duration in millisecond. Therefore, whenever you mention
the delay, keep it in milli seconds.

Let’s take grant leap and do some experiments with Arduino.

Blinking the LED

Fade-in and fade-out the LED

In the process of experimenting with Arduino, writing the Arduino program is not the only
important thing, building the breadboard circuit is equally important.

Let’s take a look how the breadboard circuit has to built for both the experiments.

Components required:
Arduino UNO R3 -1
Breadboard -1
Breadboard connectors -3
LED -1
1K resistor -1
Blinking LED

Steps in building a breadboard connection:

Step-1: Connect the Arduino to the Windows / Mac / Linux system via a USB cable
Step-2: Connect the 13th digital pin of Arduino to the positive power rail of the breadboard and

13
 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

GND to the negative

Step-3: Connect the positive power rail to the terminal strip via a 1K ohm resistor
Step-4: Fix the LED to the ports below the resistor connection in the terminal strip
Step-5: Close the circuit by connecting the cathode (the short chord) of the LED to the negative
power strip of the breadboard

4.4 USE OF MICROCONTROLLER IN ARDUINO ATMEGA328P

In a nutshell, Arduino itself isn't a microcontroller but a microcontroller board with its own IDE and
which comes with pre-tested software and hardware libraries. The Intel 8051 microcontroller actually
refers to the whole family of 8-bit microcontrollers with numbers ranging from 8031 to 8751.
It has built in "I/O" (input/output) capabilities. So it can read and write digital and analog
values/states, and connect directly to the "real world". A microcontroller, unlike a microprocessor can
connect directly to switches, buttons, LCD displays, LEDS, relays and serial ports.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

14
 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

ATMEGA328P is high performance, low power controller from Microchip. ATMEGA328P is

an 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR RISC architecture. It is the most popular of all AVR controllers
as it is used in ARDUINO boards.
The ATmega328/P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the
AVR® enhanced RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architecture. In Order to maximize
performance and parallelism, the AVR uses Harvard architecture – with separate memories and buses
for program and data.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

15
Chapter 4:
CONSTRUCTION & WORKING

4.1 MAIN COMPONENTS

4.2 CONSTRUCTION & CONNECTION
4.3 WORKING PROCESS
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Chapter 4: CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

In this chapter we describe the basic introduction about our construction & working of project with the basics of
some main components used in it.

4.1 MAIN COMPONENTS

While designing this prototype various components were required which can be classified
into two parts; one is tools such as soldering iron, pliers, multimeters, jointing tape etc. the
others are the components/materials such as wire, aurdino board, wooden board, Sensors etc.
In this section we are going to share the technical knowledge of the following main
components:
a) Arduino Board
b) Sensors
c) LCD
d) Alarm Unit

a) Arduino Board
Arduino board is the most important processing unit of this prototype. The heart part of
the building monitoring system; the Arduino is defined in as “an open-source computer
hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and
manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world’
(Anon., 2017). In other words, it can also be defined as a single board microcontroller for
building digital objects and interactive devices. Arduino is designed to sense the
environment and/or surrounding by receiving input signal through sensors and
communicates with its surrounding through actuators. An actuator could be a simple LED
(light emitting diode), a motor or sensors, ethernet or some other electronics depending on
the project (kushner, 2011). The Arduino hardware are available in many format and design
enabling different features. The programming is based on hardware wiring. The Arduino
software can be run on Windows, Linux or Mac OS (Sandhu, 2016). The Arduino can be
programmed to work stand-alone, with computer or other electronic devices; which can be
done with Arduino software which generally termed as IDE (Integrated Development
Environment). The detail about IDE is given in previous chapter. Since the Arduino
hardware and software is an open source, there are already many clones of Arduino

16
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

hardware available with many exciting features, the board used in this thesis project is
Arduino Uno which is shown in this Figure.

Arduino Uno board is a microcontroller board based on Atmel Atmega328 8-bit

microprocessor. There are 14 digital input and output pins; 6 of which can be used as pulse
width Modulation (PWM) outputs. It has 6 Analog inputs and a 16 MHz quartz crystal or
oscillator. Arduino Uno board has USB (universal serial bus) cable to connect to a computer,
a power jack, an ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) header and a reset button (Anon.,
2017). In Italian ‘’Uno’’ means one and the board was named so because the Arduino Uno
board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature
serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models,
which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers
are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C
and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino project provides
an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.

17
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the Interaction Design
Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy.

b) Sensors
A sensor is an electronic device that converts a change in physical phenomenon into an
electrical signal. It can send the information to computers or other electronic devices.
Therefore, it is a part of the interface between the environment or physical world and the
electronics (Kenny, 2005). The function of a sensor is to respond to an input physical signal
and to convert it into an electrical signal (voltage). It is a semiconductor device that is
designed to respond on change in their resistive or capacitive property depending upon the
type of sensor. The performance of sensor is characterized by: Transfer function,
Sensitivity, Range, Accuracy/Uncertainty, Hysteresis, Linearity, Noise, Resolution and
Bandwidth (Wilson, 2005).
Sensors are used in many objects and places, for example, touch-sensitive phone screen,
motion sensitive light switch and several applications. The use of sensors has been expanded
widely with the development of microcontrollers. The sensors are used in robotics, airplanes
and aerospace, cars and many other applications (Blaauw, et al., 2016).
The sensors used in this work is temperature and humidity sensor-DHT11. The sensor
DHT11 is an Analog sensor designed to sense the physical change in heat and moisture
when exposed in air with suitable wiring and programming. Its small size, cheap price, low
power consumption, quick responses are the characteristics for being one of the best choices
for many users. The sensor DHT11 is applicable in HVAC (heating, ventilation and air
conditioning), it can be used in testing and inspecting equipment and consumer goods. It is
also applicable to use in building a weather station or a humidity regulator. The use of
DHT11 sensor has shown its usefulness measuring and controlling temperature and
humidity in home appliances, medical and many other sector (Anon., 2017) The following
shows the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.

18
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

The sensor DHT11 has following performance range and accuracy.

Measurement range of DHT11:
Temperature: 0 to 50°C
Humidity: 20 to 90 % RH
Accuracy: Temperature: ±2 %
Humidity: ±5 %
Where the operating Voltage remains between 3V to 5.5V (Anon., 2017)

Additionally, a temperature sensor LM35 is also connected for emergency use to avoid
the constant temperature monitoring over the LCD screen. It looks as shown in the following
figure:

19
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

The LM35 device is rated to operate over a −55°C to 150°C temperature range, while
the LM35C device is rated for a −40°C to 110°C range (−10° with improved accuracy).
Measurement range of LM35:
Operating temperature range: -40 to 110°C ; -55 °C
Interface type: Analog output
Supply voltage(Max): 30V
Supply voltage(Min): 4V

c) LCD
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2
intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different characters and
symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

As per the requirement of this project we have the LCD having following features:

• Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

• Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
• Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
• Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
• Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
• Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
• It can also display any custom generated characters
• Available in Green and Blue Backlight

20
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

As per the above pin diagram we can easily understand the pin configuration as per the
required parameters. Command registers stores various commands given to the display.
Data register stores data to be displayed. The process of controlling the display involves
putting the data that form the image of what you want to display into the data registers, then
putting instructions in the instruction register. In our Arduino project Liquid Crystal
Library simplifies this for you so you don't need to know the low-level instructions. Contrast
of the display can be adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer to be connected across VEE
pin.
So the following pin description is presented to understand the detailed function of each
pin.

PIN PIN NAME: DESCRIPTION

NO:
1 Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground
2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)
3 VE (Contrast Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get
V) maximum contrast.
4 Register Connected to Microcontroller to shift between
Select command/data register

21
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

5 Read/Write Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write

data to LCD
6 Enable Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between
1 and 0 for data acknowledgement
7 Data Pin 0

Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be

connected to Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.
These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case
Data pin 4,5,6 and 7 will be left free.
8 Data Pin 1
9 Data Pin 2
10 Data Pin 3
11 Data Pin 4
12 Data Pin 5
13 Data Pin 6
14 Data Pin 7
15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal
16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

Measurement of Dimensions:
PCB dimensions: 80mm x 35mm x 11mm
Screen dimensions: 64.5mm x 16mm

d) Alarm Unit
A buzzer is a mechanical, electromechanical, magnetic, electromagnetic, electro-
acoustic or piezoelectric audio signalling device. A piezo electric buzzer can be driven by
an oscillating electronic circuit or other audio signal source.
The vibrating disk in a magnetic buzzer is attracted to the pole by the magnetic field.
When an oscillating signal is moved through the coil, it produces a fluctuating magnetic
field which vibrates the disk at a frequency equal to that of the drive signal.

22
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

A buzzer cannot function as a switch in a circuit. It's primary function is to produce an

audio signal in the form of 'buzzing' or 'beeping' when a voltage is applied to it. It does not
have the ability to open and close a circuit the same way a switch does.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION & CONNECTION

This project consists of five sections - one senses the humidity and temperature by using
humidity and temperature sensor DHT11.
The second section reads the DHT sensor module’s output and extracts temperature and
humidity values into a suitable number in percentage Celsius scale.
The third part of the system i.e. Arduino Process the command to perform comparison
of original values to critical value in order to activate alarm.
The fourth part of the system displays humidity and temperature on LCD.
The fifth part of the system i.e. temperature sensor will activate in the absence of
DHT11.

23
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Connection of LCD

Connection of DHT11

24
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Connection of LM35

Connection of Alarm Unit

25
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

4.3 WORKING PROCESS

Working of this project is based on single wire serial communication. First Arduino
send a start signal to DHT module and then DHT gives a response signal containing temperature
and humidity data. Arduino collect and extract in two parts one is humidity and second is
temperature and then send them to 16x2 LCD.

Here in this project we have used a sensor module namely DHT11. This module features
a humidity and temperature complex with a calibrated digital signal output means DHT11
sensor module is a combined module for sensing humidity and temperature which gives a
calibrated digital output signal. DHT11 gives us very precise value of humidity and temperature
and ensures high reliability and long term stability. This sensor has a resistive type humidity
measurement component and NTC type temperature measurement component with an 8-bit
microcontroller inbuilt which has a fast response and cost effective and available in 4-pin single
row package.

DHT11 module works on serial communication i.e. single wire communication. This
module sends data in form of pulse train of specific time period. Before sending data to arduino
it needs some initialize command with a time delay. And the whole process time is about 4ms.
A complete data transmission is of 40-bit and data format of this process is given below:

8-bit integral RH data + 8-bit decimal RH data + 8-bit integral T data + 8-bit decimal T
data + 8-bit check sum.

Complete Process is that First of all, Arduino sends a high to low start signal to DHT11
with 18µs delay to ensure DHT’s detection. And then Arduino pull-up the data line and wait
for 20-40µs for DHT’s response. Once DHT detects starts signal, it will send a low voltage level
response signal to Arduino of time delay about 80µs. And then DHT controller pull up the data
line and keeps it for 80µs for DHT’s arranging of sending data.

When data bus is at low voltage level it means that DHT11 is sending response signal.
Once it is done, DHT again makes data line pull-up for 80µs for preparing data transmission.

26
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Data format that is sending by DHT to arduino for every bit begins with 50µs low
voltage level and length of high voltage level signal determines whether data bit is “0” or “1”.

One important thing is to make sure pull up resistor value because if we are placing
DHT sensor at < 20-meter distance, 5k pull up resistor is recommended. If placing DHT at
longer the 20-meter then use appropriate value pull up resistor.

A liquid crystal display is used for displaying temperature and humidity which is
directly connected to Arduino in 4-bit mode. Pins of LCD namely RS, EN, D4, D5, D6 and D7
are connected to Arduino digital pin number 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. And a DHT11 sensor module is
also connected to digital pin 12 of Arduino with a 5k pull-up resistor.

27
Chapter 5:
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 CONSTRUCTION & CONNECTION
HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

In this chapter the project is concluded and its future prospects are discussed in short considering the various
dimensions as per the modern requirements.

5.1 CONCLUSION
The work was successful as a Final year diploma project with recording prototype which
works as a thermo-hygrometer for measuring temperature and humidity; it is capable of
measuring humidity and temperature both indoors and outdoors (Fields). Compared to
expensive sensor, the Arduino-based recording system successfully reduces the power
consumption, cost and complexity of the process. It achieved logging of the data in real time. it
also facilitated remote recording of the data in a memory card without need of an laptop or a
computer. The performance of the sensor with regards to recording temperature was acceptable
with minor modification of code in future to compensate for the deviation of its readings as
compared to commercial sensors. Same condition is applicable for the humidity readings. The
developed recording system can be used with various other sensors for measuring parameters
such as wind velocity, soil moisture, distance etc with a appropriate sensor and compatible
coding. Arduino- based devices are the new possibilities for developing smart devices freely
with small budget and simple work. The accelerating race of advanced technology outdates the
technology used in Arduino Uno in no time; advanced software working similarly are available.
The project was interesting and was practically helpful to learn to use microcontrollers
(Arduino), programming language C and basic electronics. This was a very helpful project in
learning and understanding the world of microcontrollers and use of microcontrollers in day-
by-day life along-with Arduino in real time application. The thesis project was a platform to
advance the technique of research, test and documentation that was learnt throughout the studies
in the diploma program.

28
 HUMIDITY & TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO 2021

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE

For Implementing an effective and reliable Environmental monitoring system is a complex task;
its installation, operation and maintenance involves a number of complimentary linked services
which is directly associated with our project. Hence the future scope of this need to be clearly
defined in terms of:

• Live Monitoring Over Internet: As per the requirement of this age HoDs & In-charges of several
departments always wants live values of humidity & temperature at various stages of their work.

• Monitoring of COVID-19 wards: As per the requirement of this Pandemic situation of COVID-
19 HoDs & In-charges of Hospitals always wants to tack live values of humidity & temperature at
various stages to intimate doctors and nurses in ordor to instruct them to visit the respective
COVID ward/Room to look after

• Use in Industrial Units: Site engineer of all big & small industrial unit always wants to see these
values of humidity & temperature to work smoothly.

• Use in Ambulance & Vehicles: Transport in-charge always wants to aware about the
environmental conditions of their vehicles & ambulance to instruct the driver or other authorities.

29
References
 References

[1] Akami, P., Oke, A. & Akpomiemie, O., 2015. Impact of environmental factors on building project.

ScienceDirect, 11(1), pp. 91-97.

[2] Anon.,2017. ArduinoUnoRev3. [Online] Available at: https://store.arduino.cc/arduino-uno-rev3

[3] Anon.,2017. Arduino-Introduction. [Online] Available at: https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/introduction

[4] Anon.,2017. Arduino-Wikipedia. [Online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

[5] Anon.,2017. DHT11.pdf. [Online] Available at: https://akizukidenshi.com/download/ds/aosong/DHT11.pdf

[6] Banzi, M., n.d. How Arduino is open-sourcing imagination.: TED Talk.

[7] BeanDevice, n.d. Datasheet-wireless-temp-humidity-BeanDevice-ONE-TH.pdf. [Online] Available at:

http://www.beanair.com/wa_files/Datasheet-wireless-temp-humidityBeanDevice-ONE-TH.pdf

[8] Blaauw, F. et al., 2016. Let's get Physical-An intuitive and generic methodd to combine sensor technology

with ecological momentary assessments. SciencceDirecct, Volume 63, pp. 141-149.

[9] Circuitbasics, 2017. How to set up the DHT11 humidity sensor. [Online] Available at:

http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-set-up-the-dht11-humidity-sensor-onan-arduino/

[10] Kenny, D. T., 2005. Basic Sensor Technology. In: J. S. Wilson, ed. Sensor Technology

[11] Handbok. Kouhia, E.-P., 2016. Developement of an Arduino based Embedded system

[12] Kushner, D., 2011. The Making of Arduino-IEEE Spectrum. [Online] Available at:

https://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino

[13] McRoberts, M., 2010. Beginning Arduino. In: Beginning Arduino., p. 172.

[14] Sandhu, R., 2016. What is Arduino? A full definition. [Online] Available at:

https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-arduino-2495652

[15] Therma-Stor, n.d. Relative Humidity and Your Home-Therma-Stor, LLC. [Online] Available at:

http://www.thermastor.com/information/relative-humidity-and-yourhome.aspx

[16] Vleeschouver, K. D., Loey, Van, A. & hendrickx, M. E., 2017. The Effect of High Pressure-High

Temperature Processing Conditions on Acrylamide Formation and Other maillard Reaction Compounds.

Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, Volume 2010, 58(22), pp. 11740-11748.

[17] Wilson, J. S., 2005. Sensor Technology Handbook. Oxford: Elsevier Inc

30
Appendix
 Programming of Arduino Uno 1.8.2

#include<dht.h> // Including library for dht

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);

#define dht_dpin 12

dht DHT;

byte degree[8] =

0b00011,

0b00011,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000

};

void setup()

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.createChar(1, degree);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print(" Humidity ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

31
lcd.print(" Measurement ");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Circuit Digest ");

delay(2000);

void loop()

DHT.read11(dht_dpin);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Humidity: ");

lcd.print(DHT.humidity); // printing Humidity on LCD

lcd.print(" %");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Temperature:");

lcd.print(DHT.temperature); // Printing temperature on LCD

lcd.write(1);

lcd.print("C");

delay(500);

32
Base Paper
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Measurement of Temperature and Humidity by using Arduino

Tool and DHT11
Deeksha Srivastava1, Awanish Kesarwani2, Shivani Dubey3
1,2,3Department of Computer Applications, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India

---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Indian industries majorly include biomedical, computer programming IDE (Integrated Development
agricultural and pharmaceutical which are the pillars of Environment).
country economy. The monitoring of temperature and
humidity are major areas for all these industries. Any kind of
unbalancing in the environmental conditions or unset
parameters can create financial loss in the productivity of
pharmaceutical and agriculture industries. Monitoring of
temperature and humidity are also required for biomedical
industry for drugs and cell culture methods. In healthcare
sectors, environment controlled conditions are also required
for patients threatening. In this paper we are going to
measure temperature and humidity by using Arduino tool and
DHT11, which will be beneficial for balancing the environment
to increase the productivity. Fig-1: Arduino Circuit

Key Words: Arduino, DHT11, Proposed System 3. DHT11

Architecture
This module features a humidity and temperature complex
1. INTRODUCTION with a calibrated digital signal output means DHT11 sensor
module is a combined module for sensing humidity and
There are so many embedded devices to interact with temperature which gives a calibrated digital output signal.
environment by connecting internet. The increment of these DHT11 gives us very precise value of humidity and
types of objects is achieving the development of temperature and ensures high reliability and long term
microcontroller based systems which are replacing old stability. This sensor has a resistive type humidity
complicated electronic circuits. By using IoT, we can control measurement component and NTC type temperature
any electronic equipment in homes and industries. Moreover measurement component with an 8-bit microcontroller
, we can read a data from any sensor and analyze it inbuilt which has a fast response and cost effective and
graphically from anywhere in the world. Arduino is a available in 4-pin single row package..
microcontroller board which works as a tiny computer.
Arduino is a platform to develop an interaction with
required programming software. Arduino UNO is micro
controller unit to fetch a data of humidity and temperature
from DHT 11 sensor and process it and give it to a ESP8266
module (wi-fi module). In this paper we have different
sections to trace the temperature and humidity. Section I
defines the humidity and temperature by using humidity and
temperature sensor DHT11, section II reads the DHT sensor
module’s output and extracts temperature and humidity Fig-2: DHT11 Sensor
values into a suitable number in percentage and Celsius
scale, section III system displays humidity and temperature DHT11 module works on serial communication i.e. single
on LCD, Section IV defines analyzing and designing the wire communication. This module sends data in form of
system architecture, section V shows the result and future pulse train of specific time period. Before sending data to
scope. Arduino it needs some initialize command with a time delay.
And the whole process time is about 4ms. The single-wire
2. ARDUINO serial interface makes system integration quick and easy. Its
small size, low power consumption and up-to-20 meter
Arduino is a new open source hardware and software sytem. signal transmission making it the best choice for various
It has to take attention of a large technology design and applications, including those most demanding ones. The
community at affordable cost, which increases its use with component is 4-pin single row pin package. It is convenient
advanced technology. Arduino hardware is a motherboard to connect and special packages can be provided according
for making interaction between objects and suitable to users’ request.

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 876
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. LITERATURE REVIEW 6. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND

IMPLEMENTATION
Temperature and humidity are very important parameters
of the environment in various industries like medicine, food, The system design consists three sections - one senses the
paper mills, textile, metrological, semiconductors, services humidity and temperature by using humidity and
etc. In recent years, optical fiber sensors have attracted more temperature sensor DHT11. The second section reads the
attentions in sensing and measurement areas due to their DHT sensor module’s output and extracts temperature and
many advantages over their conventional electronic humidity values into a suitable number in percentage and
counterparts. Similar works in this particular area make use Celsius scale. And the third part of the system displays
of the Short Message Service (SMS) facility so as to alert the humidity and temperature on LCD. The system connection is
user as seen in the paper [1].The temperature-humidity based on single wire serial communication. First Arduino
sensor could be also used in tissue culture lab use this send a start signal to DHT module and then DHT gives a
particular mechanism and use a GSM module to send a response signal containing temperature and humidity data.
message which displays the present status of the Arduino collect and extract in two parts one is humidity and
temperature and humidity and displays the message “Tissue second is temperature and then long term stability. This
Culture lab parameters exceeded”. But majority of times sensor has a resistive type humidity measurement
such an alerting message could easily go unnoticed, the user component and NTC type temperature measurement
or the person in charge is sleeping in case if the intended component with an 8-bit microcontroller inbuilt which has a
person in sleeping.so it is better to log the data in a remote fast response and cost effective and available in 4-pin single
computer in case of such an event so that he can keep an row package. DHT11 module works on serial communication
track of the data. i.e. single wire communication.

Another work in use the alarming system for the Attending

staff [2]. The temperature and humidity measurement
sensor can fail if the user of the in charge is Away for the
situation where the emergency is taking place [3]. A
temperature and humidity rise and alarm following it would
be unnoticed, so a robust device combines an alerting and
data logging system is needed to avoid this kind of situation.
To sending the values of temperature of the environment the
sensor is exposed to, by SMS for the user or the person in
charge [4]. Also, by creating microcontroller database, this
design described in the paper can be used as a modification Fig-.3: System Architecture for measurement of
for alerting the user by giving an “ALERT SMS” when the temperature
temperature have a deviation from a critical value preset by
This module sends data in form of pulse train of specific time
the user [5]. The system of server guard maintenance
period. Before sending data to Arduino it needs some
mechanism presented in this paper is totally different as it
initialize command with a time delay. And the whole process
doesn’t take any software which has to be run in personal or
time is about 4ms. First of all Arduino sends a high to low
any computer [6]. The response of our designed system
start signal to DHT11 with 18µs delay to ensure DHT’s
presents the temperature or humidity is out of range as
detection.
defined by the user by using Arduino and DHT11.
And then arduino pull-up the data line and wait for 20-40µs
5. REQUIREMENTS IDENTIFICATION
for DHT’s response. Once DHT detects starts signal, it will
send a low voltage level response signal to arduino of time
Technology that was used in past scenario was Evaluation
delay about 80µs. And then DHT controller pull up the data
Kit for digital Humidity Sensor EEH110 and EEH210. The
line and keeps it for 80µs for DHT’s arranging of sending
problems were as follows:
data. When data bus is at low voltage level it means that
DHT11 is sending response signal. Once it is done, DHT again
 It took comparatively more time to process.
makes data line pull-up for 80µs for preparing data
 It required additional devices for operation.
transmission. Data format that is sending by DHT to arduino
 It required external clock. for every bit begins with 50µs low voltage level and length of
 Programming for micro controller 8051 was high voltage level signal determines whether data bit is “0”
difficult. or “1”. One important thing is to make sure pull up resistor
 For programming it required development system. value because if we are placing DHT sensor at <20 meter
 Circuit size became large. distance,5k pullup resistor is recommended. If placing DHT
 PCB making became complex at longer the 20 meter then use appropriate value pull up
resistor. It will send a low voltage level response signal to
Arduino of time delay about 80µs. And then DHT controller
pull up the data line and keeps it for 80µs for DHT’s

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arranging of sending data. When data bus is at low voltage the environmental factors. From the above all analysis, it is
level it means that DHT11 is sending response signal. Once it ensured that the nested wired systems can be replaced by
is done, DHT again makes data line pull-up for 80µs for the wireless sensor networks to get an accurate data as well
preparing data transmission. Data format that is sending by as to avoid many hazardous issues.
DHT to Arduino for every bit begins with 50µs low voltage
level and length of high voltage level signal determines REFERENCES
whether data bit is “0” or “1”. One important thing is to make
sure pull up resistor value because if we are placing DHT [1] N. H. A. Aziz, W. N. W. Muhamad, N. A. Wahab, A. J. Alias,
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recommended. If placing DHT at longer the 20 meter then parameters in tissue culture growth room with SMS alert
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[2] E. Parrish and T. Hickey, "A Temperature Monitoring

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[3] L. Ruiz-Garcia, P. Barreiro, and J. Robla, "Performance of

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[4] N. Zarka, I. Al-Houshi, and M. Akhkobek, "Temperature

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Fig-4: Circuit design of Arduino [7]
[5] R. K. Megalingam, V. Radhakrishnan, D. K. M.
A liquid crystal display is used in figure.5 for displaying Unnikrishnan, D. C. Jacob, and A. K. Sudhakaran,
temperature and humidity which is directly connected to "Autonomous Smart Server Guard for advanced safety
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[7]http://www.ardumotive.com/iot-wifi-temp-and-
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Fig-5: Result on Arduino Screen

7. CONCLUSION

This proposed system can provide a convenient method for

effective monitoring of temperature and humidity in real
time. This system is compact to an extent and cost effective
when compared to prices of instruments used to measure

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