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Notes HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY

The document discusses human development from conception through adulthood. It covers: 1) The stages of human life from embryo to old age and the key developments at each stage like learning to walk as a baby or physical changes in middle age. 2) Factors that influence child development like heredity, environment, gender, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. 3) Freud and Erikson's theories of psychosexual and psychosocial development, which view development as occurring in stages and being influenced by unconscious drives and social contexts. 4) The differences between Freud and Erikson's approaches, with Erikson focusing more on environmental and social factors.

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247 views5 pages

Notes HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY

The document discusses human development from conception through adulthood. It covers: 1) The stages of human life from embryo to old age and the key developments at each stage like learning to walk as a baby or physical changes in middle age. 2) Factors that influence child development like heredity, environment, gender, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. 3) Freud and Erikson's theories of psychosexual and psychosocial development, which view development as occurring in stages and being influenced by unconscious drives and social contexts. 4) The differences between Freud and Erikson's approaches, with Erikson focusing more on environmental and social factors.

Uploaded by

tahseya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY

HUMAN LIFE CYCLE

FIRST STAGE IS
THE EMBRYO (fertilized egg and sperm) fetus for 9 months
YOUNG (baby) DEVELOPMENT
o The baby stage last from birth to age one
o Babies can’t talk yet, so they cry to communicate
o Learn to crawl, walk, reach out and explore
o (CHILDHOOD STAGE)
o 2 TO 11 YEARS OLD
o Independently interact
o Motor physical skills are developed (jumping, running, writing)
o ADOLESCENT STAGE
o 12-18 years old
o Physical and sexual maturation
o Independent to explore diff. skills, ideas..
MIDDLE AGE
o 30-50 years old
o Work hard, have influence, spouse and children
o Physical changes (aging)
OLD AGE
o 60 years old
o Less physical activity work
o Increase physical health problems illness.

Development of the human body

Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The


process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is
penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through
mitosis and cell differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus,
where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further
growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and
psychological development, influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and
other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into
adulthood.
FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD

HEREDITY
Is the transmission of physical characteristics from parents to children
through their genes? It influences all aspects such as height, weight, intelligence,
aptitudes as well as diseases and conditions.

ENVIRONMENT

The environment factors influencing childhood development involve the


physical surroundings and geographical conditions of the place the child lives in, and
his social environment and relationships with family and peers.

GENDER

Boys and girls grow in different ways, especially nearing puberty. Their
temperaments also vary making them show interest in different things.

EXERCISE AND HEALTH

Can help reach milestone on time or sooner. Keeps them healthy and fights off
diseases by strengthening the immune system.

HORMONES

Hormones are critical for normal physical growth and development in children.
Imbalances in the hormone-secreting glands can result in growth defects, behavioral
problems and diseases.

NUTRITION

Malnutrition caused by deficiency diseases that affect the growth and


development of children. Obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases.

FAMILIAL INFLUENCE

Positive growth is seen when families invest time, energy and love in their
child’s development. When abuse or neglect children have poor social skills

GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCES
Where you live influences on how your children turn out tobe. Even weather of
a place influences children through bodily rhythms, allergies and other health
conditions.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

The family determines the quality of the opportunity a child gets

LEARNING AND REINFORCEMENT

Learning builds the child up mentally, emotionally, and socially so they operate
as functional individuals. Reinforcement is when an activity is repeated and refined to
solidify the lessons learned.

Although nature contributes much to the growth and development of children,


nature contributes much more.

FRREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

SIGMUND FREUD

UNCONCIOUS (OUTSIDE OF YOUR AWARENESS)


PRECONCIOUS (ALL INFORMATION NOT AWARE OF BUT THAT CAN BE
RECALLED)
CONSCIOUS (YOUR CURRENT STATE OF AWARENESS)

3 PARTS TO THE PERSONALITY


ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

ID
Biological proponents of the personality
Includes instincts
Little devil
Pleasure principle (idea that all of your needs should be met immediately)

SUPEREGO
Exist in all levels
Like the angel
Concern always of what is socially acceptable
EGO IDEAL (your view of what is right)
CONSCIENCE (view of what is considered wrong)

EGO
Make decisions and faces the consequences
REALITY PRINCIPLE(the desire of the Id must be satisfied in the means
that is both socially appropriate and realistic)
ERIKSON’S STAGE OF IDENTIFY FORMATION

PSYCHOSOCIAL IDENTITIES
Emotional (psycho) our inner part
Circumstances (social) our outer part)

8 distinct stages of development conflict

ORAL SENSORY STAGE (TRUST AND MISTRUST)


ABUSE OR NEGLECT

MUSCULAR-ANAL (AUTONOMY AND SHAME/ DOUBT)


DEVELOP ON THEIR OWN
PARENT WHOARE STRICT CAN DOUBT THE CHILD ABILITIES

LOCOMOTOR STAGE AGES 3 OR 6 (INITIATIVE AND GUILT)


INDEPENDENT DECISION MAKING

LATENCY STAGE ( INDUSTRY AND INFERIORITY) AGES 6 OR 12

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FREUD AND ERIKSON’S APPROACH TO


PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY

ERIK ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

BOTH
RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS ON DEVELOPMENT
SEPARETE DEVELOPMENT INFOSTAGES OF A PERSON’S LIFE AND UTILIZE
SIMILARAGE DIVISION FOR THESE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

DIFF
HAS A UNIQUE VIWE ON HOW A PERSON DRIVE ON EACH DEVELOPMENT

DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES (BASIC NEEDS AND BIOLOGICAL


FORCES)
DIFF FORCE DRIVE DEVELOPMENT (ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL FACTOTRS)
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY CONTINUES INTO CHILDHOOD
SIGMUND FREUD ERIK ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL
PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY THEORY

FRIST YEAR OF LIFE

ORAL STAGE TRUST VS. MIDTRUST

AGED 1-3 YEARS


AUTONOMY Vs. SHAME AND
ANAL STAGE DOUBT

AGED 3-6 YEARS

PHALLIC STAGE INITIATIVE vs. GUILT


(Develop self-esteem) (Control over environment)

AGES 7-11 YEARS

LATENCY INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY


(Form interaction with the
environment)

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