FLOATABLE AUTOMATIC MILKFISH FEEDER

POWERED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
The College of Engineering
Lyceum-Northwestern University
Dagupan City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

by
CHESED DE VERA
AL-AFIF ABDULLAH

2021

Department of Electrical Engineering

 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled Floatable Automatic Milkfish Feeder Powered by Photovoltaic

System prepared by Chesed R. De Vera and Al-afif Abdullah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, has been examined and approved by the

Committee on Oral Examination.

Date Signed

Adviser 1 (T/R Professor/Instructor): Engr. Febrey C. Lamsen __________

Adviser 2: ______________________ __________

Examiners: ______________________ __________

______________________ __________

______________________ __________

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in

Electrical Engineering.

__________________________________________________________ ___________

Head, Department of ________________________________________ Date Signed

Engr. Jonathan C. Favi ___________

Dean, College of Engineering Date Sign

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………… ii

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale and Background of the Study ….………………………………1

1.2 Conceptual Framework ………………………………………2

1.3 Research Paradigm ………………………………………3

1.4 Statement of the Problem ………………………………………4

1.5 Objectives of the Study ………………………………………5

1.6 Significance of the Study ………………………………………6

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study ………………………………………6

1.8 End-Target Beneficiaries ………………………………………7

1.9 Definition of Terms ………………………………………8

Chapter II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Local ………………………………………9

2.2 Foreign ………………………………………10

Chapter III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ………………………………………14

3.2 Sources of Data ………………………………………17

3.4 Instrumentation and Data Collection …………………………………….18

3.5 Tools for Data Analysis …………………………………….18

Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………………...19

Appendices …………………………………………………………………………………………...20

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LIST of FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1 System’s Framework ………………………………………………………… …2

2 System Paradigm …………………………………………………………….3

3 Floater Design …………………………………………………………….14

4 Floater Design …………………………………………………………….15

5 Solar, Battery and Arduino Set-up …………………………………………...16

6 Propose System Design ……………………………………………………………17

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale and Background of the Study

[1]
The Philippines is one of the top fish producer countries in the world especially in bangus or

milkfish (Chanos-chanos) production, because of its tropical climate, where the temperature is greater

than 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, milkfish farming has become a profitable business practice,

promoting food security and eradicating hunger in the country. To ensure the optimal growth and
[2]
development of the fish, regularly feeding in the fishpond, fish pen and cages are necessary. The

milkfish natural food is a combination of phytoplankton and microalgae. However, in year 1980s,

commercial food was developed and became exclusively used.

Despite the high demand of milkfish, it continues to face difficulties, such as lack of value-added

technology and manpower. The feeding process is usually done manually and makes it more laborious for

the farmers and they are spending a huge amount of time and effort. It makes them go walk around the

fishery and make sure that all milkfish will get enough food. However, it often happens that only those on

the nearside of the pond will eat more, than the middle area of the pond. When harvest comes, some

milkfish are not fully grown and developed. It may cause a supply shortage, and loss income for the

farmers.

In this study, the feeding process is improved and developed. The researchers will construct a

floatable and automatic milkfish feeder powered by solar, that helps farmers to ensure the feeding

distribution and to dispense an accurate amount of food into the pond at specific time each day, instead of

manually feeding the fish. This system is a combination of mechanical and electrical parts, therefore an

Arduino Uno microcontroller is used to control the feeding mechanism to distribute and control the

amount of food at a predetermined time. Additionally, this device is eco-friendly because solar

photovoltaic is used as a renewable source of electricity. And this research paper, focused on the design

and construction of a Floatable Automatic Milkfish Feeder Powered by Photovoltaic System.

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Conceptual Framework

The milkfish feeding process is usually manual, making it more difficult for farmers. It causes
[3]
them to circle the fishery, however, some milkfish are not getting enough food. The Bureau of Fisheries

and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) affirmed that considering the high demand for milkfish, it is still

confronted with problems such as inadequate fry supply, lack of technology for value ‐added, lack of

manpower to effectively transfer technology, etc. This research aims to make feeding easier for farmers

and feed the milkfish at the right time by building a floatable automatic milkfish feeder which is powered

by a solar photovoltaic device.

To implement this study these variables are needed: sunlight, solar photovoltaic and battery.

Milkfish feeder composed of geared motor and dc motor, Arduino Uno and feed pellets to deliver. These

are important variables that were used and integrated into one device in this study. Solar photovoltaic

needs sunlight to produce electricity. The electricity is stored in the battery. Fish pellets dropped at geared

motor. The geared motor and dc motor and Arduino uno requires electricity stored in the battery to work,

as well as the milkfish feeder, requires these variables to work and to deliver and fed milkfish.

Feed Pellets

Sunlight
Geared
Motor

Solar PV Battery Dc Motor Milkfish

Feeder

Arduino Uno
Chapter Title 1
Milkfish
Figure 1: System’s Framework

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The Research Paradigm

SOLAR MILKFISH
ENERGY MILKFISH
FEEDER

Figure 2. System Paradigm

The floatable automatic milkfish feeder system is consisting of a solar panel and a motor. Solar

photovoltaic is the input point that was responsible to collect sunlight into electricity to operate the

system. All collected electricity is stored in a battery. The milkfish feeder is a process point where the

motors and the pellet distributor are located. The DC motor is connected to the terminals of the battery

which the motor rotates the gear and produces mechanical energy. The mechanism of the milkfish feeder

will begin and distribute the feed pellets to the milkfish as an output point of the system.

Chapter Title 1

Statement of the Problem

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The main problem of this study is the construction of floatable automatic milkfish feeders

powered by solar photovoltaic.

With this, the researchers undertook the study to address the following problems:

 How will the researchers incorporate the specific materials needed for this study?

 What are the attributes of the prototype according to;

a. Feeds distribution

b. Mobility

c. Stability

 What is the percentage of accuracy of the system when it comes to;

a. Feeds distribution

b. Mobility

c. Stability

 What is the percentage of efficiency of the system when it comes to;

a. Feeds distribution

b. Mobility

c. Stability

d. Conversion of solar to electrical energy

 How the researcher will use solar photovoltaic and Arduino uno microcontroller technology as

the implementation of the system’s methodology?

Chapter Title 1

Objectives of the Study

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The main objective of this study is to develop a floatable automatic milkfish feeder powered by solar

photovoltaic.

Specific Objectives:

 To incorporate the specific materials needed for the study.

 To determine the attributes of the prototype according to;

a. Feeds distribution

b. Mobility

c. Stability

 To determine the percentage of accuracy of the system when it comes to;

a. Feeds distribution

b. Mobility

c. Stability

 To find out the percentage of efficiency of the system when it comes to;

a. Feeds distribution

b. Mobility

c. Stability

d. Conversion of solar to electrical energy

 To construct the system’s methodology using solar photovoltaic and Arduino uno

microcontroller.

Chapter Title 1

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Significance of the Study

The Philippines is located in a tropical area with high temperature, and a major provider of

milkfish production. The milkfish feeding process is mostly done manually, making it more laborious for

the farmers and consume huge amounts of time. It makes them go around the fishery, but it often happens

that some milkfish are not given enough food. This study aims to lighten the work and time of the farmers

by constructing a floatable automatic milkfish feeder powered by solar photovoltaic devices. It might help

to boost aquaculture in the town of Binmaley by the use of this device. It might help the farmers to feed

milkfish balanced and properly distributed in a specific time. The device also would help our

environment, because solar is used as a renewable source of electricity. Additionally, this study may

provide an insight for future researchers and incorporation of electrical engineering in aquaculture and

technological fields.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study aims to focus the construction of floatable automatic milkfish feeder by the use of

solar photovoltaic device, and to meet the given objectives. This study aims to implement the device in
[4]
the municipality of Binmaley, the top producer of milkfish in province of Pangasinan and Region 1 in

terms of aquaculture area with about 7,523.5 metric tons of milkfish per year raised. This research may be

implemented in 2022. Milkfish production is set every four (4) to six (6) months. This device will be used

by the local milkfish farmers and caretakers of Binmaley for testing the efficiency of the system. This

study does not cover the report of responses and feedback of the device.

Chapter Title 1

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End-Target Beneficiaries

This study aims to benefit the following:

Aquaculture in Binmaley, Pangasinan. In this study, the community could benefit by upgrading

the aquaculture management. This floatable automatic milkfish feeder powered by solar could help lessen

the labor and time of the farmers. And may lead to sufficient fish production in the municipality.

Milkfish Farmers or Fishpond Operators. This study may aid the farmers and operators for

better distribution of feeds in a predetermined time in feeding milkfish. The floatable automatic milkfish

feeder powered by solar could give an easier way to feed fish without throwing it manually and may

provide a good income.

Community. This study may help the community to make use of modern technology to lessen

their work and time by using renewable energy as the source of electricity. Additionally, this study may

be effective, efficient and sustainable for the town people to use.

Environment. This study would provide positive impacts on our environment. A solar

photovoltaic device as renewable energy helps the environment to reduce pollution. Not using any water

to generate electricity, and release harmful gases into the environment, the source of the solar energy is

abundant and free.

           Student Researchers. This study could help students and be use as reference material for

conducting research in the electrical engineering field, aquaculture or technological field. The concepts

cited in this research could be modified and improved for future related studies. 

Chapter Title 1

Definition of Terms

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The following are the set of terms used in this study and their usage.

Arduino Uno – a microcontroller that serves to control the feeding activity. It is also responsible for

controlling or set-up the time in the system.

Automatic Milkfish Feeder – a device that controls fish feeding activity by using a combined

mechanical system and electrical system to form a device instead of manually feeding the fish by hand. 
[5]
Battery – any of a class of devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. This

device stores energy from solar photovoltaic to supply electrical energy.

D.C. Motor – a direct current rotating electrical machine which electrical energy is converted into

mechanical energy (Siskind, 1959). This device is connected in the terminals of the battery to work.

Electrical Energy – a kinetic energy which is caused by the movement of the electrons from one place to

another. Most important factor in this research and electrical engineering field.
[6]
Mechanical Energy – sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and the potential energy, or

energy stored in a system by reason of the position of its parts. The system used gears to the system.
[7]
Solar Energy – radiation from the sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or

generating electricity. Input energy in this study.

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) – the process of converting light (photons) energy to electrical (voltage) energy

(Edmond Becquerel, 1839). This type of device will be used in this study to collect sunlight into

electricity in order to operate the system.

Chapter Title 2

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW of RELATED LITERATURE

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This chapter is to provide for the review of related literature. This study focuses on previous

construction of automatic fish feeders used for farming. In this chapter also stated the reviews of other

components that related with the project and will be useful for the project. The contain of this chapter

focuses on the fish feeder, solar power PV, and Arduino Uno microcontroller.

Local
[8]
Deroy, Espaldon, Osa, Macalla and Pascua (2017) developed an automated fish feeder robot’s

feeding mechanism and floater mechanical assembly to be used in aquaculture farming that aims to aid in

the distribution of feeds. Critical load tests and stability tests were performed in the data, such as the

conveyor's feeding capacity per unit time, the density of pellets distributed in the cage, and per quadrant

were measured. Visual tests for the prototype are also conducted. The bucket conveyor was powered by a

direct current (DC) motor, which is responsible for transporting pellets to the outlet. The floater is

propelled by a 3-blade commercial remote-controlled (RC) boat propeller driven by a 12V brushed motor

when navigating and dispensing feeds in the fish cage. The researchers tested the prototype's

effectiveness, stability, and operation after assembling and constructing it and integrating the feeding

system and floater design. It is determined that the feeding mechanism and floater design is functional

and appropriate for automating fish feeding in fish cages after checking and measuring those parameters.

The floater's center of gravity and buoyancy were determined, and the total weight of materials or load

carried by it was less than the calculated critical load, making it stable. However, due to the system's

inclined orientation, the stability was deemed unsuccessful. Ballast bags must be placed properly to

neutralize the height and the load of the robot for added floater stability. Furthermore,Chapter
a batteryTitle
with2a

solar panel as the primary source of power may be more efficient and long-lasting than the battery alone.

Ani, Cueto, Diokno, and. Perez (2015) [9] focused their project study to design and develop a solar

powered automatic shrimp feeding system. They stated that the solar-powered automatic shrimp feeding

device is one of the technologies that has progressed the most. Solar power, for example, is renewable

energy that can be used in an automated manner to provide an alternative solution to the energy crisis

while also minimizing manpower. The researchers created an automatic system that uses a 10-hour timer

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that can be set in the user's desired intervals and goes through a continuous process. The magnetic

contactor is a switch that regulates the activation or termination of electrical loads. It is operated by a

solar panel that produces electricity and a rechargeable battery in electrical connection with the solar

panel to store energy. The components of the updated device were proven functional and running within

the target performance after undergoing a series of tests. However, it was suggested that the timer was

always checked to prevent failure and achieve a fully automatic system. And also, the system may  be

upgraded to accommodate changes in project scope. Since this project is massive and stationary, it prefers

to be divided into smaller ones to make it easier to set up and float on the water's surface.
Chapter Title 2

Foreign
[10]
According to Bin Zaini (2012), farmers always give more attention to the feeding time just to

ensure the right quality of feeding. Therefore, the automatic fish feeder design and fabricate with low cost

and longer life span. Programmable interface controller (PIC) is used as a controller to control the

machine and to dispense food into the aquarium at a particular time each day. Two types of components

are there in the machine, which are automation blocks including DC motor, limit switch, relays and a PIC

controller and the mechanical parts include auger bit and also the mechanical structure of the machine.

Fish feeders combine mechanical and electrical systems to control fish feeding activity. Pellet tank,

distributor, and stand make up the device. To maximize functional performance, a timer is used to power

the motor that drives the auger bit and propeller. The auger bit rotates, causing the food container to rotate

and dispense food through a small opening. As a result, feeding can be performed at fixed intervals and

precise amounts of food can be collected. The results show that the system will feed the fish within a

certain period that is set by the user using the PIC controller's built-in timer. However, this design is only

suitable for aquaponic farming on a small scale, such as in a tank, rather than fishpond farming, which

requires a wide, open field.

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Saahri (2015) [11] conducted a study about the design and fabrication of an automatic fish feeding

system for the application of home aquariums. According to him, manual feeding or using man power

requires the aquarist’s precise intuition to avoid the waste of pellets that was supplied to the fish,

inaccurate number of fish pellets, and lack of user control interface and warning system are the problems

occuring. The automatic fish feeder is a system that automatically feeds fish at a set time and in a defined

amount. The automatic fish feeder is an efficient method for aquarists to ensure that their pet fish are fed

on time and in a healthy manner. This study used an Arduino Uno microcontroller device to control the

feeding mechanism and feedback system. The fish food is delivered into the water using a vertical screw

conveyor system. When coupled to the screw conveyor, the device is utilized by a unipolar stepper motor,

with the amount of dispensed food regulated by the motor steps input. The feedback system, on the other

hand, consists of a user interface feature that uses a keypad button to allow aquarists to select the amount

of dispensed food and an infrared sensor that acts as a warning system to alert aquarists when fish food

levels drop. All of the components of this device, such as the Arduino Uno microcontroller, stepper

motor, screw conveyor, sensor, and user interface function, are subjected to a brief literature review. The

use of infrared sensors in the feedback system design is commendable. However, this study could also be

used in fishpond farming to monitor the pre-schedule time and number of fish pellets. Chapter Title 2

[12]
Wei, Salleh, Ezree, Zaman, Hatta, Zain, Mahzan, Rahman and Mahmud (2017) observation,

has found out that some machines was made with heavy structure, low water and temperature resistance

materials. This study developed automatic feeder machines to increase the efficiency of fish feeding. The

developed machine has maximized storage and functioning with two DC motors. This machine is able to

distribute faster pellets at a distance of almost 5 meters. The increase in speed can reduce the amount of

time required even while increasing the distance traveled. The materials chosen must be resistant to water

and high temperatures. Aside from that, the machine's physical body should be smaller to make it portable

for outdoor fish farming. However, the storage capacity of this machine is lower than the previous

machine to make it more functional. Based on the findings and new design of this system, the majority of

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the machine is made of PVC rubber and PVC tubing, which are both temperature and water-tolerant and

low in cost.

[13]
Uddin, Rashid, Mostafa, Belayet H, Salam, Nithe, Rahman and Aziz (2016) initiated the

development of an automated fish feeder with an alert system to check the aquarium's food supply and the

water temperature all the time. Instead of manually feeding the fish, a combination of mechanical and

electrical systems would be used to monitor the feeding activity. Simultaneously, the atmosphere and the

temperature of the water must be controlled. A motor, stand, fish storage, PLC (Programmable Logic

Circuit), and GSM will be included in the device (Global System for Mobile). A timer is used to set the

number of feeding times in a given interval. Besides, the feedback mechanism detects the amount of feed

left in storage sends an SMS warning to the user (Short Messaging Service). I like the concept of the

system tracking the aquarium condition alerting the user or owner even if they are far home. Even so,

based on the conclusion, the system needs to be more stable and robust. Also, the analysis must

consider the battery's or supply's capacity to operate the device. Chapter Title 2

[14]
According to Nirwan1, Swarnakar, Jayarajan and Shah (2017), the increase in growth of fish

farming/aquaculture and management of food delivered plays an important role. This study aims to

minimize physical labor and save time by automating a method in which the fish are fed a predetermined

amount of food at a predetermined time. The working model's theory focused on adjusting the amount of

food to the fish tank unit at various periods. The prototype, which is made up of mechanical and electrical

parts, implements the principle of stepwise rotation of a stepper motor to produce precise quantities of

food at the right time, saving labor time. The distribution of food around the water body and, on its own,

feeds the fish after a day, making the method dependable and accurate. The system's feeding mechanism

was operated by an Arduino Uno microcontroller board. The fish feeder system prototype, on the other

hand, if successfully applied, could be used in aquaculture or fish farming. However, to avoid a long

delay, the system must also consider the motor required.

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[15]
According to Abdullah, Kamarudin, Masuri, and Ibrahim (2019), smart feeder monitoring is

an Internet of Things (IoT) device that includes real-time sensors, data collection, and analysis of pellet

consumption. Smart Feeder Monitoring is programmed to automatically feed fish according to the time

set by the entrepreneur, and also has a function to manually feed the fish as needed. The production

approach is progressive, so with Arduino UNO as the main component for constructing the hardware and

Firebase as the database. This paper is to address the effectiveness of having the Smart Feeder

Monitoring over the manual ways to feed and to store data. This study is focused on the small industrial

entrepreneur breeder where they are having difficulties of shortage manpower and no centralized data on

the monthly consumption on the fish pellets. The system is controlled using the application with the

Smart Feeder Monitoring hardware. Furthermore, it helps people to save or conserve electricity.

However, it is much better to use renewable energy like solar power to conserve electrical usage.

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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures employed to answer the research problem

identified in this study. More specifically, it discusses the research design, source of data, instrumentation

and tools for data analysis.

Research Design

The researchers use a mixed method, qualitative and quantitative in this research. This study

focuses on constructing and designing a floatable automatic milkfish feeder powered by solar

photovoltaic and operates by Arduino Uno microcontroller. The following factors were considered when

developing the automatic fish feeder. The design of floaters and the design of the feeding system.

Floater Design

For the design and construction of a system floater, the following factors were considered; (a)

total capacity the floater can carry and (b) the size and weight of the prototype were the design

considerations. Designs including the materials/hardware used, and processes are discussed further in the

following:

Material / Hardware Used

For the fabrication of the floater of the fish feeder, the materials were following: (a) four

(4) PVC pipe 5 in diameter with 3 ft long, and (b) four (4) PVC pipe 5 in diameter – 90 degrees elbow.

Process

With the materials specified above, the PVC pipe and the elbow are assembled and turn it

in a square shape. This design will carry the entire system on the surface of the pond.

90°

5 inches 3 ft
diameter

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Chapter Title 3

Feeding System Design

The design and construction of the feeding system consider the following; (a) type of feed, (b) the

size of the storage, and (c) the feeding method. The following sections go into the materials/hardware

used, and the procedures are discussed further in the following:

Figure 3: Floater Design
*The material and measurements given are hypothetical and estimated.

Material / Hardware Used

For the fabrication of the feeding system of the fish feeder, the materials were following:

(a) 5 lit. of plastic drum and 40 cm diameter, (b) 40 cm diameter plastic drum funnel, (c) four (4) stainless

steel pipe, (d) 125 cm flat steel plate, (e) dc brushed motor, (f) dc geared motor, (g) pellet dispenser and

(h) Arduino Uno microcontroller.

Process

With the materials specified above, the drum and funnel will be built to make a pellet

container. The flat steel plate and the four (4) steel pipe will be also built as a support and holder of the

pellet container. The fish pellets will directly go in the geared motor, it drops a certain amount of food

through the pellet dispenser in a certain time. The fish pellet that dropped in an assembled piece of dc

motor and pellet dispenser, and it acts as a fish pellet distributor straight to the milkfish it is placed

alongside of the battery. Also, the assembled Arduino Uno microcontroller controls the feeding

mechanism of the pellet distributor and controls the amount of food at a predetermined time. The fish

pellet distributor and the dc motor are placed under the pellet container. While the Arduino Uno will be

put alongside the battery. 40 cm diameter

20 cm

70 cm

50 cm

D e p a r t m e n t o f E45°
lectrical Engineering

42 cm
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Additional Materials/ Hardware

Solar photovoltaic device was the input point that was responsible to deliver and store electrical

charges to the battery. It absorbs the solar radiation from the sun and converts that light to electrical

impulses as DC voltage, and it is stored in a battery. Battery at 12 volts and 20 amps will take five hours

to charge a 100-amp hour battery. By multiplying 20 amps by 12 volts, 240 watts or 300 watts solar panel

is needed.

The assembled Arduino uno and battery are put at the safety and water heat and water resistance

box and placed in a pole at the near middle side of the container. While the solar photovoltaic placed at

the top of the pole for better performance.

60 cm

12 cm

*The materials and measurements given are hypothetical and estimated.

Figure 5: Solar, Battery and Arduino Set-up

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Figure 6: Propose System Design

Source of Data

The milkfish feeder system could be implemented in a fishpond where milkfish (bangus) are

cultured. A pond with a brackish water and salinity level 15 – 30 ppt (parts per thousand.) also, a pond

with a width of 30m, length of 70m and water depth of 1.7m, with a total volume of 3570m 3. The feeder

will be placed at the middle of the pond to test the efficiency and the accuracy of the system.

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Instrumentation and Data Collection

Data was gathered to measure the efficiency, steadiness, and operation of a floatable automatic

milkfish feeder powered by solar photovoltaics. In obtaining the feeding capacity or feeding rate of the

system, trials and errors are expected, to conduct and measure the average time per revolution and the

average weight of the pellets dispensed per revolution. The average density of the feeds that are dispensed

will also be calculated, using the area of the fish cage and the average dispensed pellets in one round of

feeding. Also, the density of the feeds dispensed for each quadrant was measured and compared. The

critical load or the maximum load that the floater can support to remain stable are determined. For the

experiments that were conducted, time was obtained. The motor speed can also use to determine if it was

an efficient help in the delivery of feeds based on the average consumed time and total distance. The

prototype was put on a test to see how well it worked. The experiments were carried out on a real-life

scenario in Naguilayan, Binmaley, Pangasinan. The floatable automatic milkfish feeder powered by solar

photovoltaic was put to the test. The test will determine if the prototype was successful in performing its

function.

Tools for Data Analysis

Arduino Uno Programming is used for the programming the movement of the pellet dispenser

and the time setting of the feeder. And Microsoft Excel may be used to test, record and compare the

correlation between the variables of the system. Some mathematical equations and formulas are used to

compute and determine the efficiency, accuracy and stability of the proper sizing of the components and

materials in the design of the prototype..

*The materials and measurements given are hypothetical and estimated.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Chanos_chanos/en

[2] https://www.gaiadiscovery.com/marine-life-latest/bangus-or-milkfish-cultivation-systems-in-the-

philippines.html#:~:text=However%2C%20the%20top%20bangus%20producing,of%20the%20country's

%20total%20production.

[3] Fisheries Policy and Economics Division Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 2008

[4] https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2011/02/13/656517/pangasinan-town-wants-be-

known-seafood-capital-north

[5] Schumm, B. (2021, March 5). Battery. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/battery-electronics

[6] Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2017, December 18). Mechanical energy. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/mechanical-energy

[7] Ashok, S. "Solar energy". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jun. 2020,

https://www.britannica.com/science/solar-energy. Accessed 19 March 2021.

[8] Deroy, M. C. U., Espaldon, A. J., Osa, J. E. F., Macalla, G. P. B., & Pascua, D. A. D. (2017).

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Department of Electrical Engineering

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APPENDICES
SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS

 four (4) PVC pipe 5 in diameter with 3 ft long,

 four (4) PVC 90 degrees elbow pipe with 5 in diameter –

 5 lit. of plastic drum and 40 cm diameter

 40 cm diameter plastic drum funnel

 four (4) 50 cm stainless steel pipe,

 one (1) 125 cm flat steel plate,

 12-volt dc motor

 12-volt dc geared motor

 pellet dispenser.

 Arduino Uno Microcontroller

 12 volts and 20-amps battery

 300 watts solar photovoltaic

*The materials and measurements given are hypothetical and estimated.

Department of Electrical Engineering