viPaKeRKOgbgÁúM

Structural Analysis

GñkniBn§³ R.C. Hibbeler

bkERbeday³ etg qay
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil

qñaM 2010
 GarmÖkfa

edaysarnisiStvisVkrsMNg;sIuvilTaMgGs;minGaceKcputBIcMeNHdwgelImuxviC¢ad¾sMxan;enH)an
dUcenHva)anCMrujTwkcitþrbs;´)aTeGaybkERbesovePAenHeLIg. ´)aT)andwgfanisiStTaMgGs;Edl
mancMeNHdwgPasabreTskñúgkMritkMNt;NamYyenaH BitCaBi)akkñúgkarsikSaRsavRCavedayxøÜnÉg
dUcenH ´)aTBitCasgÇwmfaesovePAmYyk,alenHnwgGacCYysMrYldl;karsikSaRsavRCavrbs;Gñk
sikSa)an.
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b:uEnþeTaHCay:agenHkþI ´)aTenAEtTTYlsÁal;fa kareRbIBakübec©keTsCaPasaExμrmYycMnYnenAkñúgesov
ePAenHBitCaminGaceKcputBIPaBqÁg b¤minGacTTYlyk)anBIGñksikSa. edaymUlehtuenH BaküGg;-
eKøsRtUv)aneRbI nigbgðajedayecosminput. dUcenH ral;mtiriHKn;TaMgGs;nwgRtUv)anTTYlykmk
BicarNaedIm,IeFVIkarEksMrYl.
müa:gvijeTot edim,IeGaykarsikSa nigkaryl;;dwgrbs;GñksikSaTaMgGs;elImuxviC¢aenHman
lkçN³TUlMTUlay nigc,as;las; ´)aTsUmENnaMeGayGñksikSaTaMgGs;KYrGanc,ab;edImCaPasa
Gg;eKøsEdlniBn§eday R.C. Hibbeler.
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

matika
Contents

!> RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk (Types of structures and loads)

!>!> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)…………………………………………………………….....1
!>@> cMNat;fñak;eRKOgbgÁúM (Classification of structures)……………………….....……….….2
!>#> bnÞúk (Loads) ………………………………………………………………..……...….6
!>$> karsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM (Structural design)…………………………………………..19
cMeNaT (Problems)………………………………………… ....………………….20

@> viPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic (Analysis of statically determinate structures)

@>!> m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúM (Idealized structures) ..........................................................................24
@>@> eKalkarN_tRmYtpl (Principle of superposition) .......................................................34
@>#> smIkarlMnwg (Equations of equilibrium) .....................................................................35
@>$> PaBkMNt; nigsßiPaB (determinacy and stability)..........................................................36
@>%> karGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg (Application of the equations of equilibrium) ..........................43
cMeNaT (Problems) .................................................................................................52

#> karviPaK trusses kMNt;edaysþaTic (Analysis of statically determinate trusses)

#>!> RbePTrbs; trusses (Common types of trusses) ...........................................................62
#>@> cMNat;fñak;rbs; trusses kñúgbøg; (Classification of coplanar trusses) .............................66
#>#> viFItMN (the method of joints) .....................................................................................73
#>$> Ggát;kmøaMgsUnü (Zero-force members) ........................................................................77
#>%> viFImuxkat; (The method of section) .............................................................................79
#>^> Truss pSM (Compound trusses).....................................................................................84
#>&> Truss saMjúaM (Complex trusses) ..................................................................................88
#>*> Truss kñúglMh (space trusses)......................................................................................91

matika T.Chhay-i
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT (Problems)................................................................................................. 99

$> bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁúM
(Internal loading developed in structural members)
$>!> bnÞúkxagkñúgenARtg;cMNucCak;lak; (Internal loading at a specified point) ................... 109
$>@> GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g; (Shear and moment function) ............................. 113
$>#> düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm
(Shear and moment diagram for a beam).................................................................. 117
$>$> düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKag
(Shear and moment diagram for a frame) ................................................................. 128
$>%> karsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;edayeRbIviFItRmYtpl
(Moment diagrams constructed by the method of superposition) ........................... 132
cMeNaT (Problems)............................................................................................... 137

%> kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr (Cables and arches)

%>!> kab (cable)................................................................................................................ 148
%>@> kabrgbnÞúkcMcMNuc (Cable subjected to concentrated loads) ..................................... 148
%>#> kabrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI (Cable subjected to a uniform distributed load) ..................... 150
%>$> eRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr (Arches) .................................................................................... 156
%>%> eRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄrsnøak;bI (Three-hinged arch)....................................................... 157
cMeNaT (Problems)............................................................................................... 163

^> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic
(Influence lines for statically determinate structures)
^>!> ExS\T§iBl (Influence lines) ....................................................................................... 168
^>@> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;Fñwm (Influence line for beams) ....................................................... 175
^>#> eKalkarN_mu‘yeyeRbsøÚ (qualitative influence lines)................................................ 178
^>$> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;r:tRTkRmal (Influence lines for floor Girders) .............................. 185
^>%> ExS\Ti§BlsRmab; trusses (Influence lines for trusses) .............................................. 188
^>^> \T§iBlGtibrmaenARtg;cMNucmYyEdlbNþalBIes‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc

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Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

(Maximum influence at a point due to a series of concentrated loads)....................192

^>&> kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xat (Absolute maximum shear and moment)............198
cMeNaT (Problems) ...............................................................................................203

&> viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl
(Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures)
&>!> beRmIbRmas;énviFIRbhak;RbEhl (Use of approximate methods) ...............................214
&>@> Trusses......................................................................................................................215
&>#> kmøaMgbBaÄrenAelIeRKagsMNg; (Vertical loads on Building Frames)..........................218
&>$> Portal Frame nig Trusses ..........................................................................................221
&>%> bnÞúkxagmanGMeBIelIeRKagsMNg;³ Portal method
(Lateral load on building frame: Portal method) .......................................................227
&>^> bnÞúkxagmanGMeBIelIeRKagsMNg;³ Cantilever method
(Lateral load on building frame: Cantilever method)...............................................230
cMeNaT (Problems) ...............................................................................................236

*> PaBdab (deflection)

*>!> düaRkamPaBdab nigExSekageGLasÞic
(Deflection diagram and the elastic curve)..................................................................242
*>@> RTwsþIFñwmeGLasÞic (Elastic-curve theory) ...................................................................246
*>#> viFIGaMgetRkalDub (The double integration method)..................................................248
*>$> RTwsþIbTRkLaépÞm:Um:g; (Moment-area theorems) ........................................................254
*>%> viFIFñwmnimitþ (Conjugate-beam method) ......................................................................267
cMeNaT (Problems) ...............................................................................................276

(> PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl (Deflection Using Energy method)

(>!> kmμnþxageRkA nigfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFob (External work and strain energy) ........281
(>@> eKalkarN_rbs;kmμnþ nigfamBl (Principle of work and energy) ..............................284
(>#> eKalkarN_rbs;kmμnþnimitþ (Principle of virtual work) ................................................285
(>$> viFIkmμnþnimitþsRmab; Trusses (Method of virtual work: trusses) ................................288

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(>%> viFIkmμnþnimitþsRmab;Fñwm nigeRKag (Method of virtual work: beams and frames) ........ 294
(>^> famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþEdlbNþalBIbnÞúktamG½kS kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgrmYl nigsItuNðPaB
(Virtual strain energy caused by axial load, shear, torsion and Temperature) ........ 306
(>&> RTwsþIbTrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNU (Castigliano’s theorem)...................................................... 312
(>*> RTwsþIbTrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNUsRmab; trusses (Castigliano’s theorem for trusses) ............ 314
(>(> RTwsþIbTrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNUsRmab;Fñwm nigeRKag
(Castigliano’s theorem for beams and frames) ......................................................... 319
cMeNaT (Problems)............................................................................................ 326

!0> viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method
!0>!> rcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic (Statically indeterminate structures)........................ 334
!0>@> viFIsaRsþTUeTAkñúgkarviPaKedayviFIkmøaMg
(Force method of analysis: general procedure)...................................................... 337
!0>#> RTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl c,ab;ebFI
Maxwell’s theorem of reciprocal displacement; Betti’s law ................................ 341
!0>$> karviPaKFñwmtamviFIkmøaMg (Force method of analysis: Beams).................................. 342
!0>%> karviPaKeRKagtamviFIkmøaMg (Force method of analysis: Frames) ............................. 349
!0>^> karviPaK truss tamviFIkmøaMg (Force method of analysis: Trusses)............................ 352
!0>&> eRKOgbgÁúMkMub:UsIut (Composite structures).................................................................. 355
!0>*> kMNt;sMKal;bEnßmelIkarviPaKtamviFIkmøaMg
(Additional remarks on the force method of analysis)........................................... 357
!0>(> eRKOgbgÁúMsIuemRTI (Symmetric structures)................................................................. 359
!0>!0> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;FñwmminkMNt;edaysþaTic
(Influence lines for statically indeterminate beams) ............................................ 360
!0>!!> eKalkarN_mu‘yeyeRbsøÚsRmab;eRKag (Qualitative influence line for frames)......... 363
cMeNaT (Problems)............................................................................................ 370

!!> karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations
!!>!> viFIsaRsþTUeTAkñúgkarviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI
(Displacement method of analysis: General procedures) ....................................... 378

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Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!!>@> smIkar slope-deflection (Slope-Deflection equation) .............................................380

!!>#> viPaKFñwm (Analysis of beams) ...................................................................................386
!!>$> viPaKeRKagEdlmineyal (Analysis of Frame: No sidesway)....................................395
!!>%> viPaKeRKagEdleyal (Analysis of frames: Sidesway) .............................................400
cMeNaT (Problems) ...............................................................................................410

!@> karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g;

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution
!@>!> eKalkarN_TUeTA nigniymn½y (General principles and definitions)...........................415
!@>@> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm (Moment distribution for beams)..................................418
!@>#> karEktRmUvemKuNkRmaj (Stiffness-factor modification) ........................................426
!@>$> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagmineyal
(Moment distribution for frames: No sidesway) ....................................................431
!@>%> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagEdleyal
(Moment distribution for frames: Sidesway)..........................................................432
cMeNaT (Problems) ...............................................................................................441

!#> Fñwm nigeRKagEdlmanGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl

Beams and frames having nonprismatic members
!#>!> PaBdabrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl (Deflection of nonprismatic members) ....445
!#>@> lkçN³énkardak;bnÞúkrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYledayeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ
(Loading properties of nonprismatic members using the conjugate-beam method) .447
!#>#> lkçN³énbnÞúkrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYlEdlmanpSayenAkñúgRBwtþib½Rtbec©keTs
(Loading properties of nonprismatic members Available from publications) .......452
!#>$> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl
(Moment distribution for structures having nonprismatic members).....................455
!#>%> smIkar slope-deflection sRmab;Ggát; Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl
(Slope-deflection equation for nonprismatic members) .........................................459
cMeNaT (Problems) ............................................................................................461

!$> karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj

(Truss analysis using the stiffness method)

matika T.Chhay-v
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!$>!> eKalkarN_mUldæanénviFIPaBrwgRkaj (Fundamentals of the stiffness method) .......... 464

!$>@> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát; (Member stiffness matrix) ......................................... 466
!$>#> m:aRTIsbMElgénbMlas;TI nigkmøaMg
(Displacement and force transformation matrices)................................................ 468
!$>$> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát;kñúgkUGredaenskl
(Member global stiffness matrix)........................................................................... 471
!$>%> ma:RTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab; truss (Truss stiffness matrix) ......................................... 472
!$>^> karGnuvtþénviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;karviPaK truss
(Application of the stiffness method for truss analysis) ........................................ 477
!$>&> kUGredaenrbs; node (Nodal coordinates) ................................................................ 487
!$>*> Trusses EdlmanbERmbRmYlsItuNðaPaB nigkMhusénplitkmμ
(Truss having thermal changes and fabrication errors).......................................... 491
!$>(> karviPaK truss kñúglMh (Space-truss analysis).......................................................... 496
cMeNaT (Problems)............................................................................................ 498

!%> karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj
(Beam analysis using the stiffness method)
!%>!> kMNt;cMNaMbzm (preliminary remarks) .................................................................... 501
!%>@> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;Fñwm (Beam-member stiffness matrix) ...................... 503
!%>#> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMFñwm (Beam-structure stiffness matrix)............... 505
!%>$> karGnuvtþénviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;karviPaKFñwm
(Application of the stiffness method for beam analysis) ....................................... 506
cMeNaT (Problems)............................................................................................... 518

!^> karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj
(Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method)
!^>!> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát;eRKag (Frame-member stiffness matrix) ...................... 521
!^>@> m:aRTIsbMElgénbMlas;TI nigm:aRTIsbMElgénkmøaMg
(Displacement and force transformation matrices)................................................. 522
!^>#> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;eRKagkñúgkUGredaenskl
(Frame-member global stiffness matrix)................................................................ 524
!^>$> karGnuvtþénviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;karviPaKeRKag
Contents T.Chhay -vi
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

(Application of the stiffness method for frame analysis) .....................................525

cMeNaT (Problems) ..................................................................................................535

A. m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM
(Matrix algebra for structural Analysis)
A>!> niymn½y nigRbePTm:aRTIs (basic definitions and types of matrices) ........................538
A>@> RbmaNviFIma:RTIs (matrix operation) ........................................................................539

A>#> edETmINg; (Determinants) .......................................................................................543

A>$> cRmas;rbs;m:aRTIs (Inverse of a matrix) ..................................................................545

A>%> viFI Gauss sRmab;KNnaRbB½n§smIkar

(The Gauss method for solving simultaneous equation) .........................................547
cMeNaT (Problems) ...............................................................................................549

cemøIysRmab;cMeNaTeRCIserIs (Answers to selected problems) ..........................550

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!> RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk

Types of Structures and Loads
CMBUkenHerobrab;BIcMNucbzménkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM. dMbUg CMhanénkarGnuvtþcaM)ac;edIm,IbegáIt
rcnasm<½n§RtUv)anerobrab; nigbnþedaykarENnaMBIRbePTmUldæanéneRKOgbgÁúM FatupSM nigTRmrbs;va.
cugeRkay mankarBnül;y:agsegçbBIRbePTepSg²rbs;bnÞúkEdlRtUv)anBicarNasRmab;karsikSaviPaK
nigkarsikSaKNna.

!>!> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)

rcnasm<½n§ b¤eRKOgbgÁúM (structure) sMedAeTAelIRbB½n§énGgát;EdltP¢ab;Kña ehIyRtUv)aneRbI
edIm,IRTbnÞúk. ]TahrN_Cak;EsþgEdlTak;TgeTAnwgvisVkmμsMNg;sIuvilrYmman GKar s<an ehIyenAkñúg
visVkmμdéTeTotrYmman eRKagk):al; nigynþehaH/ GagsþúksarFaturav nig]sμ½n/ RbB½n§emkanic nigrcna
sm<½n§RTRbB½n§bBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI.
enAeBlsikSaKNnarcnasm<½n§edIm,IbeRmI[kareRbIR)as;CasaFarN³ visVkrRtUvKitnUvsuvtßiPaB
esaP½NPaB nig serviceability bEnßmBIelIkarKitEpñkesdækic© niglkçN³brisßan. CaerOy² eKRtUv
karkarsikSadac;edayELkBIKñaCaeRcInEdlpþl;nUvdMeNaHRsayepSg²Kña munnwgQaneTAdl;karseRmc
yknUvTRmg;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanlkçN³smRsbCageK. rebobénkarsikSaKNnaKWmanlkçN³écñRbDit
nigbec©keTs ehIyTamTarnUvcMeNHdwgBIlkçN³smÖar³CamUldæan CamYynwgc,ab;emkanicEdlQaneTA
dl;kareRCIserIssmÖar³. enAeBlkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMbzmRtUv)anesñIeLIg eK)anviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM
edIm,IFanafavamanlT§PaBRTRTg; nigPaBrwgmaMRKb;RKan;. edIm,IviPaKrcnasm<½n§[)anRtwmRtUv eKRtUveFVI
karKit[)anRtwmRtUvBIrebobEdlFaturbs;eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)anRT nigtP¢ab;rvagKña. bnÞúk (load)RtUv)an
kMNt;BI code nig local specification ehIyeKrkkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; nigbM;las;TI (displacement)
edayeRbIRTwsþIénkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMEdlCaRbFanbTénemeronenH. bnÞab;mkeKeRbIlT§plénkarsikSa
viPaKenHedIm,IsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMeLIgvij edayKitnUvkarkMNt;Tm¶n;rbs;Ggát; nigTMhMkan;EtCak;
lak;. dUcenH karsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMRtUvkarkarKNnaRbhak;RbEhlCaeRcInCMhan EdlkñúgenaH
TamTarnUvkarsikSaviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM. enAkñúgesovePAenH karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)anGnuvtþsRmab;eRKOg
bgÁúMvisVkmμsMNg;sIuvil b:uEnþeKGaceRbIviFIénkarviPaKEdl)anerobrab;sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlTak;Tg
eTAnwgEpñkepSgeToténvisVkmμ.

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -1

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!>@> cMNat;fñak;eRKOgbgÁúM (Classification of Structures)

vaCakarsMxan;Nas;sRmab;visVkreRKOgbgÁúM (structural engineer) dwgnUvRbePTepSg²rbs;Fatu
(element) EdlpSMCaeRKOgbgÁúM nigGaccat;cMNat;fñak;eRKOgbgÁúMeTAtamTRmg; nigtYnaTIrbs;va. eyIgnwg

ENnaMcMNucxøHrbs;vaenATIenH nigcMNucxøHeTotenAkñúgemeronxagmux.
FatueRKOgbgÁúM (structural elements) eRKOgbgÁúMpSMeLIgBIFatuTUeTAxøHdUcmanerobrab;xageRkam³
 Ggát;cMNg (tie rods) Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúM (structural member) EdlrgnUvkmøaMgTaj (tensile
force) CaerOy²RtUv)aneKsMedAeTAelI tie rods b¤ bracing struts. edaysarFmμCatiénbnÞúk

enH Ggát;TaMgenHmanlkçN³Evg b¤Rsav (slender) ehIyCaTUeTABYkvaeRcInCaEdkmUl (rod)

EdkRCug (bar) EdkEkg (angle) b¤EdkmanragGkSr C (channel) ¬rUbTI 1-1¦.

 Fñwm (beam): CaTUeTAFñwmCaGgát;Rtg;EdlRtUv)aneKeRbICabzmedIm,IRTbnÞúkbBaÄr. CaerOy²

eKcat;cMNat;fñak;rbs;FñwmeTAtamviFIEdlvaRtUv)anRT dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 1-2. CaBiess
enAeBlEdlmuxkat;rbs;FñwmERbRbYl FñwmenaHRtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa tapered beam b¤ haunched
beam. muxkat;rbs;FñwmGac built up edaybEnßmEdkbnÞH (plates) eTAelIEpñkxagelI nigEpñk

xageRkamrbs;Fñwm.
CaTUeTA eKsikSaKNnaFñwmeday[vaTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;Bt; (bending moment) b:uEnþ
RbsinebIvaxøI nigRTbnÞúkEdlmanbrimaNFM kmøaMgkat;GacnwgmantémøFM ehIyeKnwgykkmøaMg
enHmkeFVIkarsikSaKNna. enAeBlEdlFñwmeFVIBIsmÖar³elah³dUcCaEdk b¤GaluymIj:Úm mux
kat;EdlmanRbsiT§PaBCageK enAeBlEdlvamanragdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 1-3. kmøaMgEdl
ekItmanenAkñúgsøab (flange) xagelI nigsøabxageRkamrbs;FñwmbegáItCakmøaMgm:Um:g; couple
caM)ac;EdleRbIsRmab;Tb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;Gnuvtþn_ M cMENkÉRTnug (web) manRbsiT§PaBkñúgkar

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -2

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Tb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat; (shear) V . CaTUeTA muxkat;enHRtUv)aneKehAfa wide flange ehIy

RbEvgrbs;vaRtUv)aneKpliteLIgrhUtdl; 23m. RbsinebIeKRtUvkarRbEvgxøICagenH eBlxøH
eKeRCIserIsmuxkat;Edlman tapered flange. RbsinebIeKRtUvkarFñwmEdlmanElVgEvg ehIy
RTbnÞúkFM eKeRCIserIsmuxkat;FñwmkñúgTRmg; plate girder. Ggát;enHRtUv)anpliteLIgeday
eRbIbnÞHEdkFM² CaRTnug nigsøab ehIIybnÞHTaMgenaHRtUv)anP¢ab;KñaedaysarTwkbnSar b¤eday
b‘ULúg. CaerOy² girder RtUv)andwkCBa¢ÚneTAkardæanCakMNat;² ehIyeKsikSaKNnakartP¢ab;
kMNat;TaMgenaHRtg; cMNucEdl girder rgm:Um:g;Bt;xagkñúgtUc.

CaTUeTA Fñwmebtugmanmuxkat;ragctuekaNEkg EdlrUbragEbbenHgayRsYlkñúgkarsag

sg;enAkardæan. BIeRBaHebtugmanlkçN³exSaykñúgkarTb;Tl;kugRtaMgTaj Edk (reinforcing
rods) RtUv)aneKdMeLIgkñúgFñwmRtg;tMbn;NaEdlmuxkat;rgkugRtaMgTaj. Fñwm b¤rtebtugcak;Rsab;

RtUv)aneKplitenAeragsib,kmμkñúgrebobdUcKña ehIybnÞab;mkeKdwkCBa¢ÚnvaeTAkan;kardæan.
eQIEdleKykmkeFVICaFñwmCaRbePTdMueQItan; b¤ laminated. Laminated beam RtUv
)anplitBImuxkat;eQItan;EdlbiTP¢ab;KñaedaykaversIusþg;x<s;.
 ssr (column): Ggát;EdlCaTUeTAQrRtg; nigTb;Tl;bnÞúksgát;tamG½kS (axial compressive
load) RtUv)aneKehAfassr ¬rUbTI 1-4¦. CaerOy² eKeRcIneRbImuxkat; tube nig wide

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -3

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

flange sRmab;ssrEdk ehIymuxkat;mUl b¤kaersRmab;ssrEdleFVIebtugEdlBRgwgeday

Edksrés. eBlxøH ssrrgnUvkmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g;Bt;dUceXIjkñúgrUb. Ggát;EbbenH
RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa beam-column.

 RbePTeRKOgbgÁúM (Types of structures): bnSMénFaturbs;eRKOgbgÁúM nigsmÖar³EdlvapSMeLIg

RtUv)aneKsMedAelIRbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúM (structural system). RbB½n§nImYy²RtUv)anpliteLIgBIRb-
ePTmUldæanmYy b¤eRcInCagmYyénRbePTmUldæanbYnrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. RbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúMmandUc
xageRkam edayerobtamlMdab;énkMritsμúKsμajkñúgkarviPaKkmøaMgrbs;va.
 Trusses: enAeBlEdleKRtUvkarRbEvgElVgEvg ehIykm<s;rbs;vaminEmnCalkçN³ sMxan;kñúg

karsikSaKNna eKeRcIneRCIserIs truss. Truss pSMeLIgBIGgát;EdlmanRbEvgEvg ehIyRtUv

)anteRmobkñúgTRmg;RtIekaN. Planar truss RtUv)anpÁúMeLIgedayGgát;EdlsßitenAkñúgbøg;Et
mYy ehIyTUeTAvaRtUv)aneKeRbIsRmab;s<an nigdMbUl cMEnkÉ space truss, Ggát;rbs;valat
sn§wgkñúglMh b¤bITMhM (three dimension) ehIyvasaksmsRmab; derrick nig tower.
edaysarkarteRmobCaragFrNImaRténGgát;rbs;va bnÞúkEdleFVI[ truss TaMgmUlekag
RtUv)anbMElgeTACakmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgsgát;enAkñúgGgát;. edaysarehtuenH KuNsm,tþi dMbUg
rbs; truss ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgFñwm KWfavaeRbIsmÖar³ticedIm,IRTbnÞúkEdleK[ ¬rUbTI 1-5¦.
ehIy truss RtUv)ansg;BIGgát;EvgEdlGacteRmobtam eRcInrebobedIm,IRTbnÞúk. edIm,ITTYl
)an lkçN³esdækic© eKeRcIneRbI truss sRmab;ElVgEdlmanRbEvgBI 9m eTA 122m eTaHbIeBl
xøH eKeRbI truss sRmab;RbEvgElVgEvgCagenH k¾eday.

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -4

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

 kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekag (cables and arches): TRmg;BIrepSgeTotrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMEdleRbIsRmab;

ElVgEvgKW kab nig arch. CaTUeTA kabmanlkçN³bt;Ebn (flexible) ehIyvaRTbnÞúkeday
kmøaMgTaj. b:uEnþmindUc tension ties eT bnÞúkxageRkAminRtUv)anGnuvtþtambeNþayG½kSrbs;
kabeT. Cavi)ak eKykTRmg;rbs;vaCarag defined sag ¬rUbTI 1-6a¦. CaFmμta eKeRbIkab
edIm,IBüÜrs<an b¤dMbUlGKar. enAeBleKeRbIvasRmab;eKalbMNgEbbenH kabmanKuNsm,tþilub
elIFñwm nig truss CaBiesssRmab;ElVgEdlmanRbEvgFMCag 46m. edaysarvaEtgEtrgkug
RtaMgTajkabnwgminKμansßirPaB b¤ collapse Pøam²eT EdlvaeRcInekItmancMeBaHFñwm nig truss.
elIsBIenH truss TamTarnUvtémøbEnßmsRmab;karsagsg; ehIyenAeBlEdlElVgekIneLIgkm<s;
k¾kan;EtekIneLIgEdr. mü:agvijeTot beRmIbRmas;rbs;kabRtUvkRmitEdnkMNt;eday sag,
Tm¶n; nigviFIkñúgkarf<k; (anchorage).
Arch CaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlrgkmøaMgsgát; edaysarvamankMeNagbRBa©as;BIkab ¬rUbTI 1-6

b¦. b:uEnþ arch RtUvEtrwg (rigid) edIm,IrkSaragrbs;va ehIyvaeFVI[ekItman secondary loading

EdlBak;B½n§nwgkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g; EdleKRtUvEtBicarNakñúgkarsikSaKNnava. eBlxøHeKeRbI

arch enAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMs<an/ dome roof nigsRmab;rn§cMhenAkñúgCBa¢aMg\dæ.

 eRKag (Frames): eKeRbIeRKagenAkñúgsMNg;GKar ehIyvaRtUv)anpSMeLIgedayFñwm nigssr

EdlmanTRmbgáb; (fixed) b¤tMN pin ¬rUbTI 1-7¦. dUcKñanwg truss Edr eRKaglatsg§wgkñúg
RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -5
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

bøg; b¤BIrTMhM nigkñúglMh b¤bITMhM. bnÞúkenAelIeRKageFVI[Ggát;ekag ehIyRbsinebIvamantMN

rwg (rigid joint) enaHvamanlkçN³CaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;. ersIusþg; rbs;eRKagEbbenHRtUv)an
bMEbkBI moment interaction rvagFñwm nigssrenARtg;tMNrwg. CalT§pl lkçN³esdækic©
énkareRbIeRKagGaRs½ynwgRbsiT§PaBEdlTTYlBIkarykTMhMFñwmtUc ehIyedaybegáInTMhMrbs;
ssr EdlbNþalBIGMeBI beam-column EdleFVI[ekagenARtg;tMN.
 eRKOgbgÁúMépÞ (surface structures): Surface structure RtUv)aneFVIBIsmÖar³EdlmankRmas;
esþIgedayeFobeTAnwgTMhMepSg²eTotrbs;va. eBlxøH smÖar³enHmanlkçN³bt;EbnxøaMg ehIy
eKGacykvakñúgTRmg;tg; b¤ air-inflated structure. kñúgkrNITaMgBIrsmÖar³eFVIskmμPaBCa
Pñas (membrane) EdlrgkugRtaMgTajsuT§ (pure tension).
Surface structure k¾GacplitedaysmÖar³rwg (rigid material) dUcCaebtugGarem:pg

Edr. edaysarvaGacmanTRmg;Ca folded plates, sIuLaMg b¤ hyperbolic parabolic dUcenHeK

GacehAvafa thin plates b¤ shells. eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgenHeFVIkardUckab b¤ arch edaysarvaRTRTg;
kmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgsgát;Cabzm edaymanPaBekagtictYcEmnETn. eTaHbICaEbbenHk¾eday
CaTUeTAeKBitCaBi)akkñúgkarviPaK plate b¤ shell structure xøaMgNas;edaysarragFrNImaRt
bITMhMrbs;va. karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMépÞminRtUv)anelIkyk mkbgðajkñúgesovePAenHeT.

!>#> bnÞúk (Load)

enAeBlEdleKkMNt;TMhMrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMrYcehIy eKcaM)ac;kMNt;bnÞúkEdleRKOgbnÞúkRtUvRT. Ca
erOy² eKRtUveFVIkareRCIserIsbnÞúkeRcInRbePTEdleKrMBwgfavanwgeFVIGMeBImkelIeRKOgbgÁúMedIm,IeFVIkar
sikSaKNna. ]TahrN_ eRKOgbgÁúMGKarx<s;²RtUvTb;Tl;nwgbnÞúkxag (lateral load) d¾FMEdlbgáeLIg
edayxül; ehIyeKeRcIneRCIserIsRbB½n§ shear wall nigRbB½n§ tubular frame. cMENkÉGKarEdlsßit
enAkñúgtMbn;EdlgayrgkarrBa¢ÜydIRtUv)ansikSaKNnaCaeRKOg bgÁúMsVit (ductile frame) nigtMNsVit.

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -6

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

enAeBlEdleKkMNt;TRmg;eRKOgbgÁúM (structural form) rYcehIy karsikSaKNnaCak;Esþgcab;

epþImCamYynwgGgát;xagelIEdlrgbnÞúkrhUtdl;RKwH. dUcenHeKRtUvsikSaKNnakRmalxNÐ (floor slab)
dMbUg ehIybnÞab;mkeKsikSaKNnaFñwm ssr nigcugeRkayKWRKwHeCIgtag. edIm,I sikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM
CaCMhandMbUgeKcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIva[)anCak;lak;.
CaerOy² bnÞúkKNna (design loading) sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)ankMNt;edaykUd (code). CaTU
eTA visVkreRKOgbgÁúMeFVIkarCamYynwg code BIrRbePT³ kUdGKarTUeTA (general building code) nigkUd
sikSaKNna (design code). General building code kMNt;lkçN³tRmUvkarénGgát;sRmab;bnÞúk
KNnaGb,brmaenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM nigbTdæanGb,brmasRmab;karsagsg;. Design code pþl;nUvbTdæan
bec©keTs lMGit ehIyeKeRbIvasRmab;skiSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMCak;Esþg. tarag 1-1 raynUv code
sMxan;²EdleRbIenAkñúgkarGnuvtþ. b:uEnþeKRtUvdwgfa code TaMgenaHpþl;[EtkarENnaMTUeTAsRmab;kar
sikSaKNnaEtb:ueNÑaH. karTTYlxusRtUvx<s;bMputsRmab;karsikSaKNnaKW sßitelIvisVkreRKOgbgÁúM.

CaTUeTA edaysareRKOgbgÁúMrgnUvbnÞúkeRcInRbePT karENnaMy:agsegçbBIbnÞúkTaMgenHnwgbgðaj

BIrebobEdleKRtUvBicarNaBI\T§iBlrbs;vakñúgkarGnuvtþ.
bnÞúkefr (dead loads)³ bnÞúkefrrYmmanTm¶n;rbs;Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúMepSg² nigTm¶n;rbs;vtßúTaMgGs;Edl
P¢ab;CaGcié®nþy_eTAnwgeRKOgbgÁúM. dUcenH sRmab;sMNg;GKar bnÞúkefrrYmmanTm¶n;rbs; ssr Fñwm rt
kRmalxNÐ dMbUl CBa¢aMg bg¥Üc RbB½n§bgðÚrTwk (plumbing) RbB½n§eRKOgGKÁisnI (electrical feature) nig
vtßúFatudéTepSgeTotEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgeRKOgbgÁúM.
kñúgkrNIxøH bnÞúkefreRKOgbgÁúMGackMNt;tamrUbmnþy:agsamBaØEdlQrelITm¶n; nigTMhMrbs;
eRKOgbgÁúM. qøgtamry³bTBiesaFn_ eKk¾GacdwgBITMhMrbs;bnÞúkTaMgenH dUcCasRmab;sMNg; GKareQI

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -7

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Tm¶n;mFümKW 1.9 − 2.4kN / m 2 sRmab;GKarEdlmaneRKagEdk Tm¶n;mFümKW 2.9 − 3.6kN / m 2

ehIysRmab;GKarebtugGarem: Tm¶n;mFümKW 5.3 − 6.2kN / m 2 . eTaHEbbnwgk¾eday enAeBleKkMNt;
smÖar³ nigTMhMrbs;Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúMrYcehIy eKGacrkTm¶n;rbs;vaBItaragEdl manerobrab;BIdg;sIuetrbs;
va.
dg;sIueténRbePTsmÖar³EdleRbIenAkñúgsMNg;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarag 1-2 ehIyEpñkénta-
ragEdlerobrab;BITm¶n;rbs;RbePTGgát;rbs;GKarmanbgðajenAkñúgtarag 1-3. eTaHbICaeKGacKNna
bnÞúkefredayQrelIkareRbIR)as;taragEdlmanbgðajTinñn½yy:aggay RsYlk¾eday k¾eKEtdwgEdrfa
eKRtUveFVIkar)a:n;RbmaNbnÞúkTaMgenHkñúgdMNak;kaldMbUgénkar sikSaKNna. kar)a:n;RbmaNTaMgenH
rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgsmÖar³EdlminmanCaeRKOgbgÁúM (nonstructural material) dUcCa prefabricated façade
panels, RbB½n§eRKOgGKÁisnI nigRbB½n§bgðÚrTwk.l.

elIsBIenH eTaHbIeKkMNt;smÖar³rYcehIykþI EtTm¶n;Éktþarbs;Ggát;Edlerobrab;enAkñúg code GacERb

RbYleTAtamkarpþl;rbs;plitkr ehIyenAeBleKeRbIR)as;GKarvak¾GaccUlrYmkarEkERbbnÞúkefrpg
Edr. CalT§pl kar)a:n;RbmaNbnÞúkefrGacmankMritlMeGogBI 15 − 20% b¤k¾eRcInCagenH.
CaTUeTA bnÞúkefrminFMeT ebIeRbobeFobnwg design load sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMsamBaØdUcCaFñwm b¤
eRKagmYyCan; (single-story frame) b:uEnþsRmab;GKareRcInCan; (multistory building) eKcaM)ac;RtUvKit
bnÞúkefr[)ansuRkitedIm,IsikSaKNnassr[)anl¥ CaBiesssRmab;ssrCan;eRkam.

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -8

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_1-1³ FñwmkRmalenAkñúgrUbTI 1-8 RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;

RTkRmalebtugsuT§Tm¶n;RsalEdlmanTTwg1.83m nigmankRmas;
102mm . kRmaleFVIkarCaEpñkénBidansRmab;Can;xageRkamdUc

enHEpñkxageRkam rbs;vaRtUv)anbUkedaykMe)arbUk (plaster).

elIsBIenH CBa¢aMgbøúkebtugtan;Tm¶n;RsalkRmas; 305mm
km<s; 2.44m sßitenABIelIsøabxagelIrbs;Fñwm. kMNt;bnÞúkenA
elIFñwm edayKitkñúgmYyÉktaRbEvgrbs;Fñwm.
dMeNaHRsay
edayeRbITinñn½yenAkñúgtarag 1-2 nig 1-3 eyIgman
kRmalebtug³ (0.012kN / m 2 .mm)(102mm)(1.83m) = 2.80kN / m
BidankMe)arbUk (plaster ceiling)³ (0.24kN / m 2 )(1.83) = 0.44kN / m
CBa¢aMgbøúk³ (16.5kN / m 2 )(2.44m)(0.305m) = 12.26kN / m
bnÞúksrub³ 15.50kN / m cemøIy

bnÞúkGefr (live loads)³ bnÞúkGefrGacERbRbYlTaMgTMhMrbs;va nigTItaMg. vak¾GacbNþalBITm¶n;rbs;

vtßúEdldak;CabeNþaHGasnñenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM karcl½trbs;rfynþ. bnÞúkGefrGb,brmaEdlkMNt;enA
kñúg code RtUv)ankMNt;BIkarsikSaBIRbvtþién\T§iBlrbs;vaeTAelIeRKOgbgÁúM EdlmanRsab;. CaTUeTA
bnÞúkTaMgenHrYmbBa©ÚlbEnßmnUvkarkarBarRbqaMgniwgPaBdabelIslub b¤bnÞúkelIs (overload) Pøam².
enAkñúgCMBUkTI 6 eyIgnwgbegáItbec©keTssRmab;kN M t;TItaMgd¾smrmürbs;bnÞúkGefrenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM
dUcenHvaGacbgá[)ankugRtaMg b¤PaBdabrbs;Ggát;FMbMput. RbePTbnÞúkGefrepSg²CaeRcInRtUv)an
elIkykmkerobrab;enATIenH.
bnÞúksMNg; (building loads): eKsnμt;kRmalrbs;sMNg;rgnUvbnÞúkGefresμI EdlGaRs½yeTAelItYnaTI
rbs;sMNg;EdleyIgRtUvsikSaKNna. bnÞúkTaMgenHCaTUeTARtUv)anerobcMCatarag ehIy bgðajenAkñúg
code tMbn;rdæ b¤Cati. ]TahrN_énbnÞúkGefrGb,brmaEdl)anBI ASCE 7-02 Standard RtUv)an

bgðajenAkñúgtarag 1-4. témørbs;bnÞúknImYy²RtUv)ankMNt;BI Rbvtþiénkardak;bnÞúkenAelIGKarCa

eRcInRbePT. varYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarkarBarRbqaMgnwglT§PaBén bnÞúkelIsEdlGacekItmanedaysar sßan
PaBbnÞan; bnÞúksagsg; nigtRmUvkar serviceability EdlbNþalBIrMj½r. bEnßmBIelIbnÞúkesμI/ code xøH

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -9

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

k¾)anENnaMBIbnÞúkGefrcMcMNucGb,brmaEdl bNþalBI hand cart, rfynþ.l. EdlGnuvtþenARKb;TI

kEnøgrbs;RbB½n§kRmal. Ca]TahrN_ eK RtUvBicarNarTaMgbnÞúkGefrBRgayesμI nigbnÞúkGefrcMcMNuc
enAkñúgkarsikSaKNnakRmal deck cMNtrfynþ.

sRmab;RbePTxøHrbs;GKarEdlmanépÞkRmalFM/ code CaeRcInGnuBaØat[kat;bnßybnÞúkGefr

BRgayesμIsRmab;kRmal edaysarvaminTMngfabnÞúkGefrEdl)anBiBN’nanwgekItmanenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM
TaMgmUlkñúgeBlEtmYy. Ca]TahrN_/ ASCE 7-02 GnuBaØat[kat;bnßybnÞúkGefrenAelIGgát;Edl
man influence area (K LL AT ) 37.2m 2 b¤eRcInCagenH. bnÞúkGefrEdl)ankat;bnßyRtUv)ankMNt;
edayeRbIsmIkarxageRkam³
⎛ 4.57 ⎞
L = Lo ⎜ 0.25 + ⎟ (1-1)
⎜ K LL AT ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Edl bnÞúkGefrKNnaEdlkat;bnßykñúgépÞmYyEm:RtRkLaEdlRTedayGgát;.
L=

Lo = bnÞúkGefrKNnaEdlminkat;bnßykñúgépÞmYyEm:RtRkLaEdlRTedayGgát; ¬emIltarag

1-4¦.
K LL = emKuNbnÞúkGefr (live load element factor). sRmab;ssrxagkñúg K LL = 4 .

AT = épÞrgsm<aF (tributary area) KitCa m 2

¬]TahrN_sRmab;karkMNt;épÞrgsm<aFsRmab; Fñwm nigssrmanbgðajenAkñúgkfax½NÐ

2-1¦.
bnÞúkGefrEdl)ankat;bnßyEdlkMNt;edaysmIkar 1-1RtUv)ankMNt;min[tUcCag 50% én Lo
sRmab;Ggát;EdlRTmYykRmal b¤minRtUvtUcCag 40% én Lo sRmab;Ggát;EdlRTeRcInCagmYykRmal.

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -10

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKminGnuBaØat[eFIVkarkat;bnßysRmab;bnÞúkFMCag 4.79kN / m 2 b¤sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdleRbIsRmab;

TIFøasarFaN³ (public assembly)/ cMNtrfynþ (garage) b¤dMbUl. ]TahrN_ 1-2 bgðajBIkarGnuvtþ
rbs;smIkar 1-1.
]TahrN_ 1-2³ ssrénGKarkariyal½yBIrCab;
manKMlatBIKña 6.71m kñúgTisEkgKñaTaMgBIr. Rbsin
ebIbnÞúkdMbUlrabesμIKW 0.96kN / m 2 cUrkMNt;bnÞúk
GefrEdlkat;bnßyedayssrkNþalEdlsßitenA
Can;pÞal;dI.
dMeNaHRsay³
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 1-9/ ssrxagkñúgmanépÞrgsm<aF b¤épÞrgbnÞúkRbsiT§PaB (effect-tive
loaded area) AT = (6.71m )(6.71m ) = 45m 2 . dUcenH ssrCan;pÞal;dIRTbnÞúkGefrdMbUl

FR = (0.96kN / m 2 )(45.0m 2 ) = 43.1kN

edaysarvaCabnÞúkdMbUl minEmnbnÞúkkRmal dUcenHeyIgminGackat;bnßyTMhMrbs;va)aneT. sRmab;
kRmalTIBIr bnÞúkGefrRtUv)anykecjBItarag 1-4³ Lo = 2.4kN / m2 . edaysar K LL = 4 enaH
4 AT = 4(45.0m 2 ) = 180m 2 ehIy 180m 2 > 37.2m 2 enaHeKGackat;bnßybnÞúkGefredayeRbI

smIkar 1-1. dUcenH

⎛ 4.57 ⎞
L = 2.4⎜⎜ 0.25 + ⎟⎟ = 1.42kN / m 2
⎝ 180 ⎠
karkat;bnßybnÞúkenATIenHKW (1.42 / 2.4)100 = 59.1% > 50% O.K.

dUcenH FF = (1.42kN / m 2 )(45.0m 2 ) = 63.9kN

dUcenH bnÞúkGefrsrubEdlRTedayssrCan;pÞal;dIKW
F = FR + FF = 43.1kN + 63.9kN = 107.0kN cemøIy

bnÞúks<an highway (highway bridge loads)³ bnÞúkGefrEdlsMxan;enAelIs<anKWbNþalBIcracrN_

ehIybnÞúkrfynþF¶n;²EdlCYbRbTHKWbNþalBIes‘rIénrfynþdwkTMnij (truck). lkçN³bec©keTs
(specification) sRmab; truck load enAelIs<an highway manBN’naenAkñúg LRFD Bridge Design

Specification rbs; American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -11

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(AASTHO) . sRmab;rfynþdwkTMnijEdlmanePøArfBIr (two-axle truck) bnÞúkenH RtUv)ansMKal;

edayGkSr H ehIybnþedayTm¶n;rbs;rfynþdwkTMnijEdlKitCaetan nigelxepSgeTotEdlbgðajBIqñaM
rbs; specification. Ca]TahrN_/ H 15-44 mann½yfarfynþdwkTMnij 15etan RtUv)ankMNt;[eRbIenA
kñúg specification qñaM 1944. rfynþdwkTMnijes‘rIGkSr H manTm¶n;ERbRbYlBI 10etan eTA 20etan.
b:uEnþs<anEdlmanTItaMgenAtampøÚv highway EdlRT RTg;nUvcrcarN_F¶n;² CaerOy²RtUv)aneKsikSa
KNnasRmab;rfynþdwkTMnijEdlmanePøArfBIr nigmanrfseNþag (semi trailer) EdlmanePøArfmYy.
vaRtUv)aneKkMNt;sMKal;edaybnÞúk HS. Ca]TahrN_ HS 20-44. CaTUeTA eKeRCIserIs truck load
GaRs½yeTAnwgRbePTs<an TItaMg rbs;va nigRbePTcracrN_.
TMhMén standard truck nigkarEbgEckbnÞúkrbs;vak¾RtUv)anBN’naenAkñúg specification pgEdr.
Ca]TahrN_ bnÞúk HS 20-44 RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 1-10. eTaHbIeKsnμt;[rfynþdwkTMnijrt;elI
pøÚvcracrN_ (lane) 3.05m k¾edayEt lane TaMgGs;enAelIs<anminRtUv)andak;bnÞúkeBjedIm,ITTYlbnÞúk
eRKaHfñak;eT edaysarkardak;bnÞúkEbbenHBitCaminGacnwgekItman. elIsBIenH RbesIrCagkarkMNt;
bnÞúkeRKaHfñak;edaykardak;Caes‘rIén concentrated truck-wheel load/ kñúgkrNIxøH specification
GnuBaØat[eRbI lane load EdlCabnÞúkBRgaybUkCamYynwgkmøaMgcMcMNuceTal. enHmann½yfa BRgay
crcarN_Tm¶n;mFüm ehIydak;rfynþTm¶n;F¶n; enARtg;TItaMgeRKaHfñak;enAelIElVgs<an. karBN’nalMGit
manenAkñúgCMBUk 6.

bnÞúks<anrfePøIg (railroad bridge loads)³ kardak;bnÞúkenAelIs<anrfePøIgRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúg

Specification for Steel Railway Bridges Edle)aHpSayeday American Railroad Engineers

Association (AREA). CaTUeTA bnÞúkGkSr E EdlbegáIteLIgdMbUgeday Theodore Cooper enAkñúg

qñaM1894 RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;karsikSaKNna. Ca]TahrN_ rfePøIgTMenIbEdlmanbnÞúk 320kN (72 − K )

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -12

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

enAelIePøArfénm:asIunRtUv)ansMKal;CabnÞúk E − 72 . kardak;bnÞúk E − 72 TaMgGs;sRmab;karsikSa

KNna RtUv)anEbgEckdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 1-11. eRkaymk D.B. Steinmann )anGPivDÆkarEbg
EckbnÞúkrbs; Cooper ehIy)anbegáItnUvkardak;bnÞúkes‘rI M ehIyk¾RtUv)anTTYlyksRmab;karsikSa
KNna. edaysarbnÞúkrfePøIgBak;B½n§nwgPaBsμúKsμajénes‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc eBlxøHeKeRbIkarKNna
edayéd taragRkaPic rYmCamYynwgExS\T§iBl (influence line) edIm,ITTYl)an critical load.

bnÞúkTgÁic (impact loads)³ karcl½trbs;rfynþenAelIs<anGaceFVI[elat b¤eyal (side-sway) dUc

enHvapþl;PaBTgÁiceTAelIkRmal deck. PaKryekIneLIgénbnÞúkGefrEdlbNþalBIkarTgÁicRtUv)aneK
ehAfaemKuNTgÁic I (impact factor). CaTUeTA emKuNenHRtUv)anTTYlBIrUbmnþEdlbegáIteLIgBIkar
BiesaF. Ca]TahrN_ sRmab;s<an highway, AASTHO specification TamTar[
I=
15.24
L + 38.1
b:uEnþminRtUvFMCag 0.3
Edl L CaRbEvgrbs;ElVgKitCa m EdlrgbnÞúkGefr.
enAkñúgkrNI eKk¾RtUvKitBibnÞúkTgÁicenAelIeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;pgEdr. Ca]TahrN_ ASCE 7-02
standard TamTar[begáInTm¶n;rbs;m:asIunCeNþIreyag (elevator machinery) 100% ehIyeKRtUv

begáInbnÞúkenAelI hanger TaMgGs;EdleRbIsRmab;BüÜrdMbUg b¤y: 33% .

bnÞúkxül; (wind loads)³ enAeBlEdleRKOgbgÁúMbiTxÞb;pøÚvxül; (flow of wind) enaHfamBlsIueNTic
rbs;xül;RtUv)anbMElgeTACafamBlbU:tg;Esülénsm<aF EdlbgáCabnÞúkxül;. \T§iBlrbs;xül;enA
elIeRKOgbgÁúMGaRs½ynwgdg;sIuet nigel,Ónxül;/ mMuénépÞEdlb:Hxül;bk;/ rUbrag nig PaBrwgRkajrbs;
eRKOgbgÁúM nigPaBeRKIménépÞrbs;va. sRmab;karsikSaKNna eKGacKNna bnÞúkxül;edayeRbIviFIsþaTic
b¤viFIDINamic.
sRmab;viFIsþaTic sm<aFERbRbYlEdlbNþalBIkarbk;efrrbs;xül;RtUv)anKitCatémøRbhak;
RbEhl edayel,ÓnmFümEdlmanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgÁúM. eKkMNt;sm<aF q BIfamBlsIueNTicrbs;va

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -13

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

q = ρV 2 / 2 ¦ Edl ρ Cadg;sIuetrbs;xül; ehIy V Cael,Ónrbs;va. eyagtam ASCE 7-02

Standard smIkarenHRtUv)anEksMrYledIm,IKitBIPaBsMxan;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM km<s;rbs;va nigTIvalEdl
GKarsßitenA. smIkarenHRtUv)ansMEdgCa³
q z = 0.613K z K zt K d V 2 I (N / m 2 ) (1-2)

Edl V = el,Ónxül;KitCa m / s énkMsYlxül; (gust of wind) kñúgry³eBlbIvinaTI Edlvas;enARtg;

km<s;10m BIdI EdlGacekItmankñúgGMLúg50qñaM. témøRtUv)anTTYlBIEpnTIxül;Edlbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 1-12.
I = emKuNsMxan; (importance factor) EdlGaRs½ynwgtYnaTIrbs;GKar ]TahrN_ sRmab;

GKar EdlGaceFVI[maneRKaHfñak;dl;mnusSTab dUcCabrikçarksikmμenAkñúgtMbn;Edlmin

gayrgxül;BüúH eKyk I = 0.87 b:uEnþsRmab;mnÞIreBTü I = 1.15 .
K z = velocity pressure exposure coefficient CaGnuKmn_nwgkm<s; nigGaRs½ynwgTIval.

tarag 1-5 raytémøsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanTItaMgenATIvalEdlman]bsKÁtictYc.

K zt = emKuNEdlKitBIkMeNInel,Ónxül;EdlbNþalBIkUnPñM nigkEnøgecaT. sRmab;TIlanrabesμI

K zt = 1 .

K d = emKuNEdlKitBITisrbs;xül;. eKeRbIvaEtenAeBlEdleRKOgbgÁúMrgnUvbnSMbnÞúk ¬emIl

kfax½NÐ 1-4¦. sRmab;xül;EdleFVIskmμPaBEtÉg K d = 1 .

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -14

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

sm<aFxül;KNnasRmab;GKarbiTCit (design wind pressure for enclosed building)³

enAeBlEdl eyIgTTYl)an q z eyIgGackMNt;sm<aFKNnaBIbBa¢IsmIkarEdlmanbgðajenAkñúg
ASCE 7-02 Standard. kareRCIserIsGaRs½ynwgPaBbt;Ebn (flexibility) nigkm<s;rbs;GKar.

ehIyvaGaRs½yfa etIkarsikSaKNnaKWsRmab;RbB½n§Tb;Tb;nwgkmøaMgxül; b¤sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMrbs;

sMNg;. ]TahrN_ karsikSaKNnaEdlmanTMenarksuvtßiPaB eKkMNt;sm<aFxül;enAelI nonflexible
building eTaHkm<s;Na k¾edayedayeRbIsmIkarEdlmanBIrtYEdl)anBIsm<aFxagkñúg nigsm<aFxag

eRkAeBalKW
(
p = qGC p − qh GC pi ) (1-3)

Edl q = qz sRmab;CBa¢aMgRbQmTisxül;bk;enARtg;km<s; z BIdI ¬smIkar 1-2¦ ehIy

q = q h sRmab;CBa¢aMgEdlenAeRkamxül; CBa¢aMgxag nigdMbUl Edl z = h km<s;mFümrbs;

dMbUl.
G = emKuN\T§iBlkMsYlxül; (wind-gust effect factor) EdlGaRs½ynwgkarRbQm.

Ca]TahrN_ sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMrwg G = 0.85 .

C p = emKuNsm<aFCBa¢aMg b¤dMbUlEdlkMNt;BItarag. témø C p sRmab;dMbUlEdlmanCRmal

θ = 10 o RtUv)an[enAkñúgrUbTI 1-13. cMNaMfa enAkñúgbøg;KMehIj sm<aFERbRbYleTA

tamkm<s;enARtg;RCu’EdlRbQmnwgTisxül; b:uEnþenARCugepSgeTot nigenAelIdMbUl eKsnμt;
fasm<aFmantémøefr. témøGviC¢manbBa¢ak;faeFVIGMeBIedayman TisedAecjBIépÞ.
(GC pi ) = emKuNsm<aFxagkñúgEdlGaRs½ynwgRbePTrn§cMh (opening) enAkñúgGKar. sRmab;
GKarEdlbiTCitTaMgGs; (GC pi ) = ±0.18 . enATIenH sBaØabgðajfa sm<aFviC¢man
b¤sm<aFGviC¢man (suction) GacekItmanenAkñúgGKar.

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -15

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 1-3³ GKarbiTCitdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 1-14a

RtUvsRmab;ksidæan ehIysßitenACayRkug Chicago, Illinois
enAelI flat terrain. enAeBlEdlxül;bk;tamTisEdl
bgðajkñúgrUb cUrkMNt;sm<aFxül;KNna (design wind load)
EdleFVIGMeBIenA elIdMbUl nigCBa¢aMgxagrbs;GKaredayeRbI
ASCE 7-02 Specifications .
dMeNaHRsay³
dMbUgeyIgkMNt;sm<aFel,Ón (velocity pressure) edayeRbIsmIkar 1-2. BIrUbTI 1-12 el,Ónxül;
mUldæan (basic wind speed) KW V = 40m / s ehIyedaysareKeRbIGKarsRmab;kargarksikmμ enaHem
KuNsMxan; (importance factor) KW I = 0.87 . ehIy sRmab;TIvalrabesμI (flat terrain) K zt = 1 .
ehIyedaysarEteKKitEtbnÞúkxül; enaHeKyk K d = 1. dUcenH
q z = 0.613K z K zt K d V 2 I

= 0.612 K z (1)(1)(40 )2 (0.87 )

= 853.3K z

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -16

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

BIrUbTI 1-14a/ h' = 22.86 tan 10o = 4.03m dUcenHkm<s;mFümrbs;dMbUlKW h = 7.62 + 4.03 / 2 =
9.63m . edayeRbItémørbs; K z enAkñúgtarag 1-5/ témørbs;sm<aFmanrayenAkñúgtaragenAkñúgrUbTI

1-14b. cMNaMfatémørbs; K z RtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbIviFanéRtzansmamaRt (linear interpolation)

sRmab; z = h mann½yfa (1.04 − 0.98) /(12.2 − 9.1) = (1.04 − K h ) /(12.2 − 9.63) / K h = 0.990
dUcenH qh = 853.3(0.990) = 845N / m 2 .
edIm,IGnuvtþsmIkar 1-3 emKuNkMsYl (gust factor) KW G = 0.85 ehIy (GC pi ) = ±0.18 .
dUcenH
(
p = qGC p − qh GC pi )
= q(0.85)C p − 845(± 0.18)
= 0.85qC p m 152 (1)

bnÞúksm<aFEdlTTYl)ansmIkarEdleRbItémø q z enAkñúgrUbTI 1-14b EdlGnuelameTAtam wind-

pressure profile enAkñúgrUbTI 1-13

CBa¢aMgRbQmnwgTisxül;bk; (windwad wall): sm<aFERbRbYleTAtamkm<s; z edaysarEteKRtUv

EteRbI q GC . sRmab;témøTaMgGs;én L / B / C = 0.8 dUcenH BIsmIkar (1)
z p p

p = 344 N / m
0 − 4.6 b¤ 651N / m2 2

p = 374 N / m
6.1 b¤ 680 N / m
2 2

P = 400 N / m
7.6 b¤ 709 N / m
2 2

CBa¢aMgEdlminRtUvTisxül;bk; (leeward wall): enATIenH L / B = 2(22.86) / 45.72 = 1 dUcenH

C p = −0.5 . dUcKña q = qh ehIyBI smIkar (1)
p = −517 N / m 2 b¤ − 211N / m 2

CBa¢aMgxag (side wall): sRmab;RKb;témøTaMgGs;rbs; L / B / C p = −0.7 dUcenH edaysareyIgRtUv

EteRbI q = qh enAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -17
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

p = −666 N / m 2 b¤ − 356 N / m 2

dMbUlEdlRbQmnwgTisxül;bk; (windward roof): enATIenH h / L = 9.63 / 22.86 = 0.211

< 0.25 / dUcenH C = −0.7 ehIy q = q . dUcenH
p h

p = −666 N / m b¤ − 356 N / m
2 2

dMbUlEdlminRtUvTisxül;bk; (leeward roof): enAkñúgkrNIenH C = −0.3 dUcenHCamYynwg

p

q = qh eyIg)an
p = −356 N / m 2 b¤ − 65 N / m 2

bnÞúkTaMgBIrsMnuMenHRtUv)anbgðajenAelIbøg;KMehIjrbs;GKar EdltMNag[sm<aFxagkñúgviC¢man b¤
GviC¢man (suction) rUbTI 1-14 c. eRKOgbgÁúMemrbs;GKarRtUvEtTb;Tl;bnÞúkTaMgenH k¾dUcbnÞúkEdl
KNnaBIxül;Edlbk;BIxagmuxGKar b¤BIxageRkayGKar.

sm<aFxül;KNnasRmab;søaksBaØa (design wind pressure for signs)³ RbsinebIeRKOgbgÁúMtMNag

[søaksBaØaEdlmankm<s;BIdI xül;nwgbegáItkmøaMgpÁÜbEdleFVIGMeBIelIépÞrbs;søaksBaØaEdl
RtUv)ankMNt;BI
F = q z GC f A f (1-4)

Edl qz = sm<aFel,Ón (velocity pressure) EdlkMNt;enARtg;km<s; z énTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs; A f .

G = emKuNkMsYlxül; (wind-gust coefficient factor) EdlkMNt;dUcelIkmun.

C f = emKuNkmøaMgEdlGaRs½ynwgpleFobénTMhMFM M elITMhMtUc N rbs;søaksBaØa.

témøRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarag 1-6.
A f = RkLaépÞrbs;søaksBaØaEdlRbQmnwgxül;.

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -18

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bnÞúkRBil (snow load) nigbnÞúkrBa¢ÜydI (earthquake load): edaysarRbeTseyIgminrgnUv)atuPUt

FmμCatiTaMgBIrenH bnÞúkTaMgBIrenHminRtUv)anENnaMenATIenHeT.
sm<aFdI nigsm<aFGIuRdUsþaTic (design wind pressure for signs)³ enAEdleKeRbIeRKOgbgÁúMedIm,ITb;Twk
Tb;dI b¤Tb;smÖar³eRKaH sm<aFEdlbegáItedaybnÞúkTaMgenHkøayCalkçxNÐd¾sMxan;kñúgkarsikSaKNna.
eRKOgbgÁúMRbePTenHrYmman GagsþúkTwk TMnb;Twk k)a:l; nigCBa¢aMgTb;dI. eKGnuvtþc,ab;GIuRdUsþaTic nig
emkanicdI edIm,IkMNt;GaMgtg;sIuetbnÞúkenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM.
bnÞúkFmμCatiepSgeTot (other natural loads): eKmanbnÞúkGefrepSgeTotCaeRcInEdleKRtUvKitBicar-
Na kñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlGaRs½yeTAnwgTItaMg nigbeRmIbRmas;rbs;va. bnÞúkTaMgenHrYmman
\T§iBlénkarpÞúH bMErbMrYlsItuNðPaB nigsMrutDIepr:g;Esülrbs;RKwH.

!>$> karsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM (Structural Design)

RKb;eBlEdleKeFVIkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM eKcaM)ac;RtUvKitBicarNaBIPaBminR)akdRbCarbs;
smÖar³ nigbnÞúk. PaBminCak;lak;rbs;smÖar³ekIteLIgbNþalmkBIPaBERbRbYlenAkñúglkçN³rbs;
smÖar³ kugRtaMgEdlenAesssl;enAkñúgsmÖar³ PaBxusKñaénTMhMEdlplitBIeragcRk bnÞúkeRKaHfñak;
EdlbNþalBIkarrMj½r b¤TgÁic nigkarBukpuy b¤ERcHsIusmÖar³. viFIkarsikSaKNnakugRtaMgGnuBaØat
(allowable-stress design method) Kitral;ktþaEdlerobrab;xagelITaMgGs;enHkñúgemKuNsuvtßiPaBEt

mYysRmab;karKitBIPaBminCak;lak;rbs;smÖar³. RbePTénbnÞúkCaeRcInEdl)anerobrab;xagelIGacman
GMeBImkelIeRKOgbgÁúMkñúgeBlEtmYy b:uEnþeKminR)akdfatémøGtibrmaénbnÞúkTaMgenHekItmankñúgeBlEt
mYyenaHeT. enAkñúgkarsikSaKNnakugRtaMgeFVIkar (working-stress design) kugRtaMgeGLasÞicenAkñúg
smÖar³minRtUvFMCagkugRtaMgGnuBaØatieT ehIyxageRkamenHCabnSMbnÞúkxøHEdlkMNt;eday ASCE 7-02
standard.

RbePTrcnasm<½n§ nigbnÞúk T.Chhay -19

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

bnÞúkefr
‹

‹0.6 ¬bnÞúkefr¦ + bnÞúkxül;

‹0.6 ¬bnÞúkefr¦ + 0.7 ¬bnÞúkrBa¢ÜydI¦

Ca]TahrN_ FmμtaTaMgbnÞúkxül; nigbnÞúkrBa¢ÜydImingaynwgekItmanmkelIeRKOgbgÁúMkñúgeBl

dMNalKñaeT ehIyenAeBleKbnSMbnÞúkxøHcUlKña eKGackat;bnßyvaedayemKuNkat;bnßybnÞúk.
edaysareKGacBicarNaPaBminCak;lak;edayeRbIRTwsþIRbU)ab‘IlIet eK)anKitPaBminCak;lak;
rbs;smÖar³ nigPaBminCak;lak;rbs;bnÞúkdac;edayELkBIKña. viFIenHRtUv)aneK[eQμaHfaviFIKNna
ersIusþg; (strength design) b¤ LRFD (load and resistance factor design). CaBiess karsikSaKNna
ersIusþg;cugeRkay (ultimate strength design) KWQrelIkarsikSaKNna ultimate strength rbs;mux
kat;eRKaHfñak;enAkñúgebtugGarem: ehIyviFIsikSaKNna)aøsÞic (plastic design method) RtUv)aneRbI
sRmab;eRKag nigGgát;EdleFVIBIEdk. edIm,IKitBIPaBminCak;lak;rbs;bnÞúk viFIenHeRbIemKuNbnÞúkEdl
GnuvtþeTAelI bnÞúk b¤karbnSMbnÞúk. eyagtam ASCE 7-02 standard emKuNbnÞúk nigkarbnSMbnÞúkxøHKW³
‹1.4 ¬bnÞúkefr¦

‹1.2 ¬bnÞúkefr¦+ 0.6 ¬bnÞúkGefr¦ + 0.5 ¬bnÞúkRBil¦

‹1.2 ¬bnÞúkefr¦+ 1.5 ¬bnÞúkrBa¢ÜydI¦ + 0.5 ¬bnÞúkGefr¦

kñúgkrNITaMgenH eKykbnSMbnÞúkNaEdleFVI[mantémøGtibrma eTaHbIvaminEmnCabnÞúk

BitR)akdEdlmanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgÁúMk¾eday.

Types of Structures and Loads T.Chhay -20

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT
!>!> kRmalrbs;XøaMgEdlpÞúkTMnijRsal² !>$> kRmalEdlmanRbehagxagkñúgmYlRtUv)an
RtUv)aneFIVeLIgedayebtugkRmas; 150mm . eFVIBIebtugsuT§. kMNt;Tm¶n;rbs;kRmalenH.
RbsinebIkRmalmanbeNþay 3m nigTTwwg 2.4m RbehagnImYy²manGgát;p©it 100mm
cUrkMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkefr nig
EdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkGefr.

!>@> CBa¢aMgGKarmYyeFVIBI\dæTMhM 200mm . enA

épÞmçagrbs;CBa¢aMgeFVIBIr)areQITMhM 50mm ×
100mm nigmanbUkEtelIépÞCBa¢aMgmçag. Rbsin
!>%> kRmalxNÐénfñak;eronmYyeFIVBIebtugsuT§
ebICBa¢aMgenHmankm<s; 3m cUrkMNt;bnÞúkkñúgmYy Tm¶n;RsalEdlmankRmas; 125mm . Rbsin
ÉktþaRbEvgrbs;CBa¢aMg. ebIkRmalenH manbeNþay 8m nigTTwg 6m cUr
kMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜb EdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkefr nig
bnÞúkGefr.

!>^> FñwmGkSr T cak;Rsab;manmuxkat;dUcbgðaj

kñúgrUb. kMNt;Tm¶n;rbs;vakñúgmYyÉktþa RbsinebI
vaRtUv)anplitBIebtugGarem: nigmaneRbIEdk
BRgwgTMhM 20mm .
!>#> kRmalCan;TIBIréneragcRkTm¶n;RsalmYy
RtUv)ansagsg;BIebtugGarem:kRmas; 100mm nig
bEnßmBIelIeday cinder fill kRmas; 75mm dUc
bgðajkñúgrUb. RbsinebIBidansRmab;Can;TImYypSM
BI metal lath nigbnÞHmñagsila cUrkMNt;bnÞúkefr
kñúgmYy ÉktþaépÞrbs;kRmal. !>&> kRmalCan;TIBIrbs;eragcRkTm¶n;RsalmYy
RtUv)ansagsg;BIkRmalebtugkRmas; 125mm
nigmanbEnßm cider fill dUcbgðajkñúgrUb. Rbsin
ebIBidansRmab;Can;TImYypSMBI metal lath nig
cMeNaT T.Chhay -21
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
bnÞHmñagsila cUrkMNt;bnÞúkefrkñúgmYyÉktþaépÞ
rbs;kRmal.

!>*> FñwmGkSa EdleRbIsRmab;XøaMgpÞúkTMnij

T !>!0> salaEdlmankm<s;BIrCan;mYymanssr
F¶n;² RtUv)ansagsg;BIebtugEdlmanTm¶n;maD EdlmanKMlatBIKña 4.5m kñúgTisEkgTaMgBIr.
19.6kN / m3 . kMNt;bnÞúkefrkñúgmYyÉktþaRbEvg RbsinebIeK)a:n;RbmaNfakRmaldMbUlRTbnÞúk
rbs;FñwmedayminKitTm¶n;rbs;EdkBRgwg nigbnÞúk 1kN / m 2 cUrkMNt;bnÞúkGefrEdlkat;bnßyEdl
GefrEdlmanGMeBIenABIxagelIFñwmkñúgmYyÉktþa RtUv)anRTedayssrkNþalenA (a) Can;pÞal;dI
RbEvg. nig (b) enACan;TIBIr.

!>!!> GKarkariyal½ykm<s;bYnCan;mYymanssr
EdlmanKMlat 9m BIKñatamTisEkgTaMgBIr.
RbsinebIeKKitfadMbUlRTbnÞúk 1.5kN / m2 cUr
kMNt;bnÞúkGefrEdlkat;bnßyEdlRTedayssr
xagkñúgenACan;pÞal;dI.

!>!@> sNæaKarkm<s;bICan;mYymanssrEdlman
!>(> FñwmRTdMbUlEdleFVIBI asphalt shingle nigkþa
KMlat 6m BIKñatamTisEkgTaMgBIr. RbsinebIeK
bnÞHeQI (wood sheathing board). RbsinebI
KitfadMbUlRTbnÞúk 1.5kN / m2 cUrkMNt;bnÞúk
bnÞHkþamankRmas; 38mm nigmanTm¶n;maD
GefrEdl kat;bnßyEdlRTedayssrxagkñúgenA
7.86kN / m 2 ehIydMbUlmanmMu 30o cUrkMNt;
(a) Can;pÞal;dI nig (b) enACan;TIBIr.
bnÞúkefrrbs;dMbUlkñúgmYyÉktþaépÞ EdlRtUv)an
RTkñúgTis x nigkñúgTis y rbs;édrENg (purlin).
!>!#> kMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbEdlmanGMeBIenAelIépÞén
søaksBaØaEdlRTeday truss EdlsßitenAEk,r
Los Angeles, California enAelITIvalrabesμI.

Problems T.Chhay -22

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

søaksBaØaenHmanTTwg 6m nigkm<s; 3m dUc

bgðaj. eRbIemKuNsMxan; I = 0.87 .

!>!^> xül;bk;eTAelIRCugbiTCitrbs;ksidæanEdl
manTItaMgenAelITIvalrabesμIén Oklahoma.
kMNt;sm<aFxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIelICBa¢aMgTaMg
bYn. ehIykMNt;sm<aFxagkñúgEdlmanGMeBIelI
!>!$> søaksBaØamYysßitenATIvalrabesμIén CBa¢aMg. edayeRbI linear interpolation kMNt;
Minnesota. cUrkMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;xül;Edl qh nig C p . ¬rUbxagelI¦
manGMeBIelIépÞrbs;va. eRbIemKuNsMxan;
I = 0.87 .

!>!%> xül;bk;eTAelIRCugbiTCitrbs;ksidæanEdl
manTItaMgenAelITIvalrabesμIén Oklahoma.
kMNt;sm<aFxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIelIdMbUl.
ehIykMNt;sm<aFxagkñúgEdlmanGMeBIelIdMbUl.
edayeRbI linear interpolation kMNt; qh nig C p
enAkñúgrUbTI 1-13.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -23
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

@> karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic
Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures
enAkñúgCMBUkenH eyIgnwgBiPakSaBITRmg;Fmμtarbs;eRKOgbgÁú<MEdlvisVkrRtUveFVIkarsikSaviPaK
ehIyvak¾CaTRmg;EdlsßitenAkñúgbøg; ehIymüa:geTotRbB½n§kmøaMgGnuvtþn_k¾sßitenAelIbøg;eRKOgbgÁúMEdr.
eyIgcab;epþImBiPakSaCamYynwgPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkareRCIserIsm:UEDlrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMd¾smRsbedIm,IeyIgGac
kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúM[mantémøsuRkitEdlGacTTYlyk)an. bnÞab;mkeTot eyIgnwgBiPakSaBI
lkçxNÐcaM)ac;sRmab;sßirPaBrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. ehIycugeRkay mankarbgðajBIkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMsßitkñúg
bøg;kMNt;edaysþaTicEdltP¢ab;edaytMN pin.

@>!> m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúM (Idealized structure)

Cak;Esþg eKminGacviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM)ansuRkiteT edaysareKRtUveFVIkar)a:n;RbmaNbnÞúk nigPaB
Fn;rbs;smÖar³. elIsBIenH eKRtUveFVIkarsnμt;BITItaMgEdlbnÞúkRtUveFVIGMeBIr. dUcenH vaCakarsMxan;Nas;
EdlvisVkrRtUvGPivDÆsmtßPaBkñúgkarbegáItm:UEDleRKOgbgÁúM. enAkñúgkfaxNÐ enHeyIgnwgENnaMBIbec©k
eTsCamUldæanEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;kargarenH.
tMNTRm (Support Connection): Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)antamP¢ab;KñatamviFIeRcIn edayGaRs½y
eTAelIectnarbs;visVkr. tMNsamBaØbIRbePTEdleKsÁal;PaKeRcInKW tMNsnøak; (pin connection)/
TRmkl; (roller support) nigtMNbgáb; (fixed joint). Pin-connection joint nig roller support
GnuBaØat[Ggát;vil)an Et fixed joint minGnuBaØat[Ggát;vileT ehIyCaTUeTAkareFVI fixed joint Tam
Tartémøx<s;. ]TahrN_éntMNTaMgenH ¬sRmab;Edk nigsRmab;ebtug¦RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI2-1
nig 2-2 erogKña. tMNenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMeFVIGMeBIeQIPaKeRcInRtUv)aneKsnμt;faCa pin connection
edaysar karP¢ab;edayb‘ULúg nigedayEdkeKalminGacpþl;nUvkarTb;karvil (restraint) )anRKb;RKan;eT.

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -24

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMEdleRbIenAkñúgkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMEdltMNag[TRmsnøak; (pinned support)

nigTRmbgáb; (fixed support); nigtMNsnøak; (pin-connected joint) nigtMNbgáb; (fixed-connected
joist) RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-3 a nigrUbTI 2-3 b erogKña. EtkarBit RKb;tMNTaMgGs;manPaB

rwgRkajxøHkñúgkarTb;Tl;nwgkarvil. sRmab;krNIEbbenH m:UEDlEdlsaksmCagsRmab;TRm b¤tMN

RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-3 c. RbsinebIefrkMrajTb;karrmYl (torsional spring constant) k = 0
eKKitfatMNCasnøak; ehIyRbsinebI k → ∞ eKKitfatMNCatMNbgáb;.

enAeBleRCIserIsm:UEDlsRmab;TRm b¤tMNnImYy²rYcehIy visVkrRtUvdwgfakarsnμt;nwgCH\T§iBl

dl;kareFVIkarCak;Esþgrbs;Ggát; ehIyRtUvdwgfakarsnμt;enaHsmrmüsRmab;karsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM
b¤Gt;. ]TarhN_ eKmanFñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-4 a edayeKeRbIva[RTbnÞúkcMcMNuc P . tMNEkg
enARtg;cMNuc A dUckarbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-1 a dUcenHeKGaceFVIm:UEDlTRmenHCaRbePTTRmsnøak; (pin
support). elIsBIenH TRmRtg;cMNuc B RKan;EtTl;Ggát;kMu[Føak; dUcenHeKeFVIm:UEDlvaCaTRmkl; (roller).

kRmas;rbs;FñwmRtUv)anecaledaysarvamanTMhMtUceFobnwgRbEvgrbs;Fñwm dUcenHm:UEDlrbs;FñwmRtUv)an

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -25

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-4 b. kardak;bnÞúkenAelIm:UEDlFñwmmanlkçN³RsedogKñanwgkardak;bnÞúkenAelIFñwm

Cak;Esþg. edIm,Ibgðajfam:UEDlenHmanlkçN³smRsb eyIgnwgBicarNakrNICak;lak;rbs;FñwmEdleFVI
BIEdkEdlmanRbEvg 6.1m nigrgbnÞúk P = 35.6m ehIysnμt;TRmenARtg;cMNuc A Ca TRmsnøak;. kar
sikSaKNnaFñwmedayeRbI standard code procedures bgðajfa W 11× 22 mansmtßPaBRKb;RKan;kñúg
karRTbnÞúkenH. edayeRbIviFIkMNt;PaBdabmYyenAkñúgCMBUk8 mMurgVil (rotation) enARtg;TRmsnøak;KW
θ = 0.007 rad = 0.40 o . BIrUbTI 2-4 c mMurgVilEbbenHeFVI[søabxagelI nigsøabxageRkam pøas;TI)an
cm¶ay Δ = θr = (0.0070rad )(127mm) = 0.889mm . tMNEdlmanbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-1 a BitCanwg
pþl;nUvbrimaNd¾tUcEbbenHEmn dUcenHTRmsnøak;BitCasaksmsRmab;m:UEDlenH.

RbePTtMNepSgeTotEdlEtgEtCYbRbTHenAelIeRKOgbgÁúMkñúgbøg;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarag 2-
1. vaBitCamansarsMxan;Nas;kñúgkarsÁal;nimitþsBaØa nigRbePTRbtikmμrbs;tMN b¤TRm. TRmGac
begáItkmøaMgenAelIGgát;RbsinebIvaTb;Tl;nwgkarcl½trbs;Ggát; ehIyvanwgbegáItm:Um:g;RbsinebIvaTb;Tl;
karvilrbs;Ggát;. Ca]TahrN_ sRmab;Ggát;Edlb:HnwgépÞrelag (3) RtUv)ankarBarnwgkarcl½tEtmYy
TisEdlEkgnwgépÞ. dUcenH épÞGnuvtþEdlkmøaMgEkg F eTAelIGgát;enAkñúgTisenaH. TMhMrbs;kmøaMgenH
tMNag[mYyGBaØat (unknown). ]TahrN_epSgeTot TRmbgáb; (fixed support) (7) karBarTaMgkar
cl½t TaMgkarvilrbs;Ggát;enARtg;tMN. dUcenH TRmRbePTenHGnuvtþbgÁúMkmøaMgBIr nigm:Um:g;mYyeTAelI
Ggát;. dUcenH sRmab;TRmbgáb;manGBaØatTaMgGs;cMnYnbI.

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -26

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -27

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

enAkñúglkçN³Cak;Esþg TRmTaMgGs;GnuvtþkmøaMgBRgayelIépÞ (distributed surface load)

eTAelI Ggát;Edlb:HnwgTRm. kmøaMgcMcMNuc (concentrated load) nigm:Um:g; (moment) EdlbgðajenA
kñúgtarag 2-1 tMNag[kmøaMgpÁÜbénkarBRgaybnÞúkTaMgenH.
m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúM (Idealized structure): eday)anerobrab;BIviFIkñúgkarKitm:UEDléntMNenAelI
eRKOgbgÁúM eyIgGacBiPakSaBIbec©keTskñúgkarbegáItm:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMsRmab;RbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúMepSg².
dUc]TahrN_TImYy BicarNadgsÞÚc jib crane nig trolley enAkñúgrUbTI 2-5 a. sRmab;karviPaK
eRKOgbgÁúMeyIgGacecalkRmas;rbs;Ggát;emTaMgBIr ehIyeyIgsnμt;fatMNenARtg;cMNuc B CatMNrwg
(rigid). elIsBIenH eKGaceFIVm:UEDltMNTRmenARtg;cMNuc A CaTRmbgáb; ehIykarlMGitBI trolley

minRtUv)anKit. dUcenH Ggát;rbs;m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)ansMEdgedaybnÞat;BIrtP¢ab;Kña ehIybnÞúkenAelI

hook RtUv)ansMEdgedaybnÞúkcMcMNuceTal F ¬rUbTI 2-5 b¦.

CaerOy² eKeRbIFñwm nigrtedIm,IRTkRmalrbs;GKar. rt (girder) CaGgát;emEdlRTbnÞúkrbs;

kRmal ÉGgát;muxkat;tUcCagEdlmanRbEvgElVgxøICag nigRtUv)antP¢ab;eTAnwgrtRtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa
Fñwm (beam). bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBImkelIFñwm b¤rtCabnÞúkEdl)anBIkRmalEdlFñwm b¤rtRT. Ca]TahrN_
eKmaneRKagEdleRbIedIm,IRTkRmal ¬rUbTI 2-6 a¦. kRmalenHRtUv)anRTeday floor joist ehIy Edl
floor joist enHRtUv)anRTedayrtBIr AB nig BC EdlenAsgxag. sRmab;karviPaKeKsnμt;fatMN Ca

tMNsnøak; b¤tMNrGilEdltP¢ab;eTAnwgrt ehIyrtRtUv)anRTedayssrEdleKsnμt;faCaTRmsnøak; nig

¬b¤¦ TRmkl;. KMehIjBIxagelIrbs;RbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúMenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-6 b. enAkñúgrUbenH
bnÞat; Edltag[ joist minb:Hnwgrt ehIybnÞat;EdltMNag[rtminb:Hnwgssr. karminb:HenHtMNag
Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -28
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

[tMNTRmsnøak; nig ¬b¤¦tMNTRmkl;. müa:gvijeTot RbsinebIeKcg;bgðajbøg;eRKagenHCa tMNbgáb;

¬eRbItMNpSarCMnYs[tMNsamBaØedayb‘ULúg¦ enaHbnÞat;sRmab;Fñwm b¤rtRtUvb:HnwgssrdUc enAkñúgrUbTI
2-7. dUcKña eKRtUvbgðaj Fixed-connected overhanging beam kñúgKMehIjBIelIdUcbgðaj enAkñúgrUbTI
2-8. RbsinebIkarsagsg;eRbIebtugGarem: Fñwm nigrtRtUvtMNagedaybnÞat;Dub. CaTUeTA RbB½n§enH
Ggát;TaMgGs;RtUvP¢ab;edaytMNbgáb; dUcenHeKKUrP¢ab;Ggát;eTAnwgTRm. ]TahrN_ rUbTI 2-9 a bgðaj
BIRkaPiceRKOgbgÁúMsRmab;RbB½n§ebtugGarem:Edlcak;enAnwgkEnøg (cast-in-place) ehIyrUbTI 2-9 b
bgðajBIbøg;emIlBIelI. bnÞat;sRmab;FñwmCabnÞat;dac;edaysarvasßitenAeRkamkRmal.

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -29

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RkaPiceRKOgbgÁúM nigm:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMsRmab;rcnasm<½n§GMBIeQImanlkçN³RsedogKñanwgrcnasm<½n§
GMBIEdk. RbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúMEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-10 a bgðajBIsMNg; beam-wall ÉkRmaldMbUl
(roof deck) RtUv)anRTedayrnUteQI (wood joist) EdlbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkeTACBa¢aMg\dæ. eKGacsnμt;fa rnUt

RtUv)anRTedayTRmsamBaØenAelICBa¢aMg dUcenHeKGaceFVIm:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-10 b.

karepÞrbnÞúkBIépÞrgsm<aF (tributary loadings): enAeBlEdlépÞerobesμIdUcCaCBa¢aMg kRmal b¤

dMbUlRtUv)anRTedayeRKag eKcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt;BIrebobénkarepÞrbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIépÞenaHeTAGgát;
eRKOgbgÁúMEdlRTva. CaTUeTA eKmanviFIBIrkñúgkarkMNt;va. kareRCIserIsviFIGaRs½ynwgragFrNImaRt
rbs;RbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúM smÖar³EdlvaeFVI nigviFIkñúgkarsagsg;va.
RbB½n§mYyTis (One-way system): karRTkRmalEdlbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkeTAGgát;TRmtamskmμPaBmYy
Tis RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfakRmalxNÐmYy Tis (one-way slab). edIm,IbgðajBIviFIénkarbBa¢ÚnbnÞúk cUrBi-
carNaRbB½n§eRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-11 a EdlFñwm AB / CD nig EF sßitenABIelIrt AE nig
BF . RbsinebIeKdak;bnÞúkrayesμI 4.8kN / m 2 enAelIkRmal enaHeKsnμt;faFñwm CD RTbnÞúkEdlman

GMeBI enAelIépÞrgsm<aF (tributary area) AB EdlbgðajedayBN’ditenAelIbøg;eRKagbgÁúMenAkñúgrUbTI 2-

11b. dUcenH Ggát; CD rgnUvkar BRgaybnÞúkefr (4.8kN / m 2 )(1.5m) = 7.2kN / m dUcbgðajenAelI
m:UEDlFñwm enAkñúgrUbTI 2-11c. bnÞab;RbtikmμenAelIFñwmenH (10.8kN ) GnuvtþeTAelIrt AE ¬nig
BF ¦ cMkNþal dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-11d. edayeRbIviFIKMnitkñúgkarbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkEbbenH etIGñkman

eXIjcMENkrbs;kRmalEdlenAsl; RtUv)anepÞreTAcugrbs;rtKW 5.4kN b¤eT?

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sRmab;RbB½n§kRmalxøH eKtP¢ab;Fñwm nigrteTAnwgssrenARtg;nIv:UdUcKña dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-

12 a. RbsinebIeKCYbkrNIEbbenH eBlxøHeKk¾GacKitfakRmalCakRmalxNÐmYyTisEdr. ]TahrN_
RbsinebIkRmalxNÐebtugGarem:EdlmanEdkBRgwgEtkñúgTismYy b¤eKcak;ebtugenAelIkMragEdlpñt;
(corrugated metal deck) enaHeKsnμt;fabnÞúkRtUv)anbBa¢ÚntamskmμPaBmYyTis. müa:gvijeTot

RbsinebIkRmalCa kRmalerobesμITaMgEpñkxagelI nigEpñkxageRkam ehIyRtUv)anBRgwgedayEdkkñúg

TisTaMgBIr enaHeKKitfa bnÞúkRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAGgát;TRmtammYyTis b¤tamBIrTis. ]TahrN_ eKman
kRmal nigbøg;eRKagdUcenAkñúg rUbTI 2-12b tamlkçxNÐTUeTA RbsinebI L2 ≥ L1 ehIyRbsinebIpl
eFobElVg (L2 / L1 ) ≥ 2 kRmalxNÐ nwgeFVIkarCakRmalxNÐmYyTis. edaysarEt L1 kan;EttUc Fñwm
AB / CD nig EF pþl;nUvPaBrwgRkajkan;EtFMkñúgkarRTbnÞúk.

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -31

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RbB½n§BIrTis (Two-way system): RbsinebIpleFobElVgenAkñúgrUbTI 2-12 b KW (L 2 / L1 ) < 2

eKsnμt;fabnÞúkRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAFñwm nigrttamskmμPaBBIrTis. sRmab;kRmalEdlCYbkrNIEbbenH

RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa kRmalxNÐBIrTis (two-way slab). edIm,IbgðajBIviFIkñúgkaredaHRsaykrNIenH
cUr BicarNakRmalebtugGarem:ragkaerenAkñúgrUbTI 2-13 a EdlRTedayFñwmxagcMnUnbYn AB / BD /
DC nig DC EdlmanRbEvg 3m . enATIenH L2 / L1 = 1 . edaysarkRmalxNÐrgskmμPaBBIrTis

épÞrgsm<aFsRmab;Fñwm AB RtUv)anbgðajedayBN’ditenAkñúgrUbTI 2-13b. épÞenHRtUv)ankMNt;eday

bnÞat;Ggát;RTUg 45o dUcbgðaj. dUcenH RbsinebIbnÞúkrayesμI 4.8kN / m 2 GnuvtþenAelIkRmal GaMgtg;
sIuetrbs;bnÞúk EdlGnuvtþenARtg;cMNuckNþalFñwmKW (4.8kN / m 2 )(1.5m) = 7.2kN / m ehIybnÞúkEdl
BRgayenAelIFñwm enHmanragRtIekaNdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-13c. sRmab;]ThrN_enAkñúgkrNI
L2 / L1 = 1.5 eKcaM)ac;sg;bnÞat; 45o dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-14a. bnÞúk 4.8kN / m 2 EdlGnuvtþenAelI

kRmalnwgbegáItbnÞúkBRgayragctuekaNBñay nigragRtIekaNenAelIGgát; AB nig AC dUcbgðajenA

kñúgrUbTI 2-14b nig2-14c erogKña.

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]TahrN_2-1³ kRmalrbs;fñak;eronmYyRtUv)anRTedayrnUtr)ar (bar joist) dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-

15 a. rnUtnImYy²manRbEvg 4.5m ehIyvamanKMlatBIKña 0.75m KitBIG½kS. kRmalenHRtUv)ansagsg;
BIebtugTm¶n;RsalEdlmankRmas; 100mm . edayminKitTm¶n;pÞal;rbs;rnUt nigkRmalEdkpñt;
(corrugated metal deck) cUrkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIenAelIrnUtnImYy².

dMeNaHRsay³
bnÞúkefrenAelIkRmalKWbNþalBITm¶n;rbs;kRmalebtug. BItarag 1-3 Tm¶n;ebtugTm¶n;RsalkRmas;
100mm KW (100 )(0.015kN / m 2 ) = 1.50kN / m 2 . BItarag1-4 bnÞúkGefrsRmab;fñak;eronKW 1.92kN / m 2 .

dUcenH bnÞúkkRmalsMrubKW1.50klN / m 2 + 1.92kN / m 2 = 3.42kN / m 2 .

sRmab;RbB½n§kRmal L1 = 0.75m nig L2 = 4.5 . edaysar L2 / L1 > 2
eKKitkRmalxNÐCakRmalxNÐmYyTis. épÞrgsm<aFsRmab;rnUtnImYy² RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-15
b. dUcenH bnÞúkrayesμIenArnUtKW

w = 3.42kN / m 2 (0.75m ) = 2.57 kN / m

bnÞúk nigRbtikmμenAelIGgát;rnUtnImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-15c.

]TahrN_2-2³ kRmaldMbUlrabesμIénGKareRKagEdkenAkñúgrUbTI 2-16a RtUv)aneKeRbIedIm,IRTbnÞúk

srub 2kN / m 2 EdlmanGMeBIelIépÞkRmal. RbsinebIFñwm AD nig BC manRbEvg 5m ehIymanKMlat
3m ¬Fñwm AB nig DC ¦. cUrkMNt;bnÞúkdMbUl (roof load) enAkñúgtMbn; ABCD EdlRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAFñwm

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -33

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

BC .

dMeNaHRsay³
enAkñúgkrNIenH L1 = 5m ehIy L2 = 3m . edaysar L2 / L1 < 2 enaHkRmalxNÐeFVIkartamBIrTis.
bnÞúkenAelIépÞrgsm<aFRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-16b EdlépÞctuekaNBñayénbnÞúkEdlmanBN’dit
RtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAGgát; BC . GaMgtg;sIuetrbs;bnÞúkenARtg;kMBUlKW (2kN / m 2 )(1.5m) = 3kN / m . Ca
lT§pl karBRgaybnÞúkenAelIGgát; BC RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-16b. eKk¾KYreFVIkarKNnakar
bBa¢únbnÞúkenAelIépÞrgsm<aFsRmab;tMbn;kaerBIrEdlenAxagsþaMrbs;Ggát; BC enAkñúgrUbTI 2-16a
ehIy bnÞúkEdl)anKNnabEnßmenHk¾RtUv)andak;enAelIGgát; BC Edr.

@>@> eKalkarN_tRmYtpl (Principle of superposition)

eKalkarN_tRmYtplbegáItnUvmUldæansRmab;RTwsþIviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM (theory of structural) Ca
eRcIn. eKalkarN_BN’nafa³ eKGackMNt;bMlas;TIsrub b¤kmøaMgxagkñúg (internal loading or force)
srubenARtg;cMNucNamYyenAelIeRKOgbgÁúMEdlrgbnÞúkxageRkACaeRcInedaykarbUkbMlas;TI b¤kmøaMgxag
kñúgEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkxageRkAnImYy²bBa©ÚlKña. edIm,IGnuvtþeKalkarN_tRmYtplenH)an bnÞúk kugRtaMg
nigbMlas;TIRtUvEtCalIenEGr (linear).
edIm,IGnuvtþeKalkarN_tRmYtpl eKRtUvbMeBjtRmUvkarcMnYnBIrxageRkam³
 smÖar³RtUvEteFVIkarenAkñúgTRmg;lIenEGreGLasÞic (linear-elastic) dUcenHmann½yfaeK
GaceRbIc,ab;h‘Uk (Hook’s law) )an ehIybnÞúksmamaRteTAnwgbMlas;TI.
Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -34
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

 ragFrNImaRtrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMminRtUvrgkarERbRbYlFMeRkamGMeBIrbs;bnÞúkeT mann½yfaeK
GnuvtþRTwsþIbMlas;TItUc (small displacement theory). bMlas;TIFMnwgpøas;bþÚrTItaMg nig
Tisrbs;bnÞúky:agxøaMg. ]TahrN_ r)arEdkkugs‘ulesþIgEdlrgkmøaMgenAxagcugrbs;va.
enAkñúgesovePAenH BN’naEtBIsmÖar³lIenEGreGLasÞic ehIybMlas;TIEdlekItedaysabnÞúk
minpøas;bþÚrTisedArbs;bnÞúkGnuvtþn_FM ehIyk¾minpøas;bþÚrTMhMEdleRbIsRmab;KNnam:Um:g;énkmøaMgFMEdr
dUcenHtRmUvkarTaMgxagelIRtUv)anbMeBj.

@>#> smIkarlMnwg (Equation of equilibrium)

enAkñúgsþaTic)anEcgfa eRKOgbgÁúM b¤Ggát;mYyéneRKOgbgÁúMmanlMnwg enAeBlNaEdlvaGacrkSa
lMnwgénkmøaMg niglMnwgénm:Um:g;. CaTUeTA eKRtUvbMeBjnUvlMnwgénsmIkarkmøaMg nigsmIkarm:Um:g;tam
G½kSTaMgbI mann½yfa³
∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑ Fz = 0
∑Mx = 0 ∑M y = 0 ∑Mz = 0 (2-1)

b:uEnþ PaKeRcIneRKOgbgÁúMeRcInRTcMENkbnÞúkEdlsßitenAkñúgbøg;eTal ehIyedaysarEtbnÞúkk¾sßitenAkñúg

bøg;enaH smIkartRmUvkarxagelIkat;bnßymkRtwm
∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑ MO = 0 (2-2)

enATIenH ∑ Fx nig ∑ Fy CaplbUkBiCKNiténbgÁúMkmøaMgtamG½kS x nigtamG½kS y erogKña EdlmanGMeBI

mkelIeRKOgbgÁúM b¤Ggát;mYyrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM ehIy ∑ M O CaplbUkBiCKNiténm:Um:g;énkmøaMgCMuvijG½kS
EdlEkgnwgbøg; x − y ¬G½kS z ¦ ehIykat;tamcMNuc O .
enARKb;eBlEdleKGnuvtþsmIkarTaMgenH dMbUgeKcaM)ac;RtUvKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrI (free body
diagram) rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM b¤rbs;Ggát;. edIm,IKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrI eKRtUvpþac;Ggát;ecjBIKña nigecjBITRm.

kmøaMgxageRkA kmøaMgkñúg b¤kmøaMgRbtikmμRtUvbgðajenAelIGgát;Edl)anpþac;ecj. tamry³enH eKGac

kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmedayeRbItarag 2-1. ehIyeyIgRtUvcaMpgEdrfa enAelIdüaRkamGgÁ
esrI kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;BIrEdlP¢ab;KñamanTMhMdUcKña EtmanTispÞúyKña.
RbsinebIeKcg;kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAkñúgGgát; eKRtUveRbIviFImuxkat; (method
of section). viFIenHtRmUv[kat;Ggát;tamTisEkgeTAnwgG½kSrbs;Ggát;Rtg;cMNucEdleKRtUvkarkMNt;

kmøaMgkñúg. eKRtUvKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIénkMNat;Ggát;nImYy²Edl)ankat; rYckMNt;kmøaMgkñúgedayGnuvtþ

smIkarlMnwgeTAelIkMNat;Ggát;enaH. CaTUeTA kmøaMgkñúgEdlmanGMeBIenAelImuxkat;rbs;Ggát;Edlkat;
rYmmankmøaMgEkg (normal force) N / kmøaMgkat; (shear force) V nigm:Um:g;Bt; (bending moment)
karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -35
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

M dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-17.
eyIgnwgBiBN’naeKalkarN_sþaTicEdleRbIedIm,IkMNt;RbtikmμxageRkAenAelIeRKOgbgÁúMenAkñúg
kfaxNÐ 2.5. eyIgnwgBiPakSaBIkmøaMgkñúgenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMenAkñúgCMBUkTI 4.

@>$> PaBkMNt; nigsßirPaB (Determinacy and stability)

muxnwgcab;epþImviPaKkmøaMgrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM eKcaM)ac;kMNt;nUvPaBkMNt; nigsßirPaBrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.
PaBkMNt; (determinacy): smIkarlMnwgpþl;nUvlkçxNÐcaM)ac; nigRKb;RKan;sRmab;lMnwg. enAeBl
EdlRKb;kmøaMgTaMgGs;enAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMGackMNt;edayeRbIsmIkarlMnwgxagelI enaHeKehAeRKOgbgÁúM
enaHCa eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic (statically determinate structure). sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlmancMnYn
kmøaMgCaGBaØateRcInCagcMnYnsmIkarEdlGacman eK[eQμaHvafa eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic
(statically indeterminate structure). tamc,ab;TUeTA eKGackMNt;faeRKOgbgÁúMmYyCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;

edaysþaTic b¤k¾eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIénGgát;TaMgGs;rbs;va b¤épñkén

Ggát;EdleRCIserIs ehIybnÞab;mkeRbobeFobcMnYnGBaØatsrubEdlCakmøaMg nigm:Um:g;CamYynwgcMnYn
srubénsmIkarlMnwgEdlGacman*. sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMkñúgbøg; eKmansmIkarlMnwgbIsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²
dUcenHRb sinebIeKmanGgát;srubcMnYn n ehIykmøaMgRbtikmμ nigm:Um:g;RbtikmμcMnYn r enaHeyIg)an
r = 3n / kMNt;edaysþaTic

r > 3n / minkMNt;edaysþaTic (2-3)

CaebIvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic
enaHeKRtUvkarsmIkarbEnßmedIm,IedaHRsayrkRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatedayP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúkGnuvtþ
n_ nigRbtikmμeTAnwgbMlas;TI b¤mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucepSgKñaenAelIRKOgbgÁúM. smIkarTaMgenHCasmIkar
RtUvKña (compatibility equation) ehIyvaRtUvmancMnYnesμInwgdWeRkénPaBminkMNt;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.
smIkar compatibility Tak;TgnwglkçN³FrNImaRt niglkçN³rUbrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM ehIyeyIgnwgelIk
*
karKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrImincaM)ac;CaTUeTAeT edaysareKGacrab;cMnUnGBaØat ehIyeFVIkareRbobeFobCamYynwgcMnUnsmIkar
lMnwg)an.
Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -36
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

ykvamkBN’naenAkñúgCMBUkTI 10.
]TahrN_ 2>3³ cat;cMNat;fñak;rbs;FñwmnImYy²EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-18 a rhUtdl; 2-18 d Ca
eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic. eKsnμt;faeKsÁal;kmøaMgEdlGnuvtþmin
elIFñwm ehIyvaGacmanGMeBIenARKb;TItaMgTaMgGs;rbs;Fñwm.
dMeNaHRsay³
eKRtUvpþac;FñwmpSM (compound beam) enAkñúgrUbTI 2-18c nig 2-18d EdlpSMeLIgGgát;EdltP¢ab;Kña
edaytMNsnøak;ecjBIKña. cMNaMfa enAkñúgkrNITaMgenH kmøaMgRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatEdlmanGMeBIenA
cenøaH Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajCaKU EtmanTispÞúyKña. düaRkamGgÁesrIRtUv)anbgðaj. edayGnuvtþ
r = 3n b¤ r > 3n lT§plénkarcat;cMNat;fñak;RtUv)anbgðaj.

]TahrN_ 2>4³ cat;cMNat;fñak;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMEdltP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-19

a rhUtdl; 2-19 d CaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤CaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic. RbsinebIvaCa
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrR)ab;BIcMnYnéndWeRkénPaBminkMNt;. eRKOgbgÁúMrgnUvbnÞúkxageRkAEdl
karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -37
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

eKsnμt;sÁal; ehIyvamanGMeBIenARKb;TItaMgTaMgGs;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.
dMeNaHRsay³
karcat;cMNat;fñak;én;eRKOgbgÁúMEdltP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;manlkçN³RsedogKñanwgFñwmEdr. düRkamGgÁ
esrIRtUv)anbgðaj. edayGnuvtþ r = 3n b¤ r > 3n lT§plénkarcat;cMNat;fñak;RtUv)anbgðaj.

]TahrN_ 2>5³ cat;cMNat;fñak;rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-20a nig2-20d CaeRKOgbgÁúM

kMNt;edaysþaTic b¤CaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic. RbsinebIvaCa eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic
cUrR)ab;BIcMnYnéndWeRkénPaBminkMNt;. eRKOgbgÁúMrgnUvbnÞúkxageRkAEdl eKsnμt;sÁal; ehIyvaman
GMeBIenARKb;TItaMgTaMgGs;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.
dMeNaHRsay³
karkMNt;sßirPaB nigPaBkMNt;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMeRKagmindUcKñanwgkarkMNt;sRmab;Fñwm nigeRKOgbgÁúMEdlt
Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -38
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P¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;eT eRBaHeRKagpSMeLIgedayGgát;EdltP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;rwg. eBlxøHGgát;begáIt

tMbn;biTCitxagkñúg dUcenAkñúgrUbTI 2-20a. enATIenH ABCD begáIttMbn;biTCit. edIm,Icat;cMNat;fñak;
rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgenH eKcaM)ac;RtUveRbIviFImuxkat; ehIykat;EpñkEdlbiTCit. eRkayeBleKKUrdüaRkam
GgÁesrIrbs;EpñkEdlkat;rYcehIy enaHeKGaccat;cMNat;fñak;rbs;eRKag)an. cMNaMfa eKRtUvkarEtEpñk
mYyrbs;muxkat;Edlkat;tamtMbn;biTCit. enAeBlEdleKkMNt;GBaØatenARtg;muxkat;rYcehIy eKGac
kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;enAkñúgGgát;edayeRbIviFImuxkat; nigsmIkarlMnwg. eRKagenAkñúgrUbTI
2-20b manmintMbn;biTCit dUcenHedIm,IrkPaBkMBt;vaminRtUvkarkarkat;cenøaHTRmeT. lT§plénkar
cat;cMNat;fñak;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-20a nig 2-20b.

sßirPaB (stability): edIm,IFananUvsßanPaBlMnwgrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM nigGgát;rbs;va eKminRtwmEtbMeBj

smIkarlMnwgb:uENÑaHeT b:uEnþGgát;RtUvEtTb; (constraint) y:agl¥ nigRtwmRtUvedayTRmrbs;va. sßanPaB
BIrnwgekItmaneLIgenAeBlNaEdlTRmmin)anTb;RtwmRtUv.
karTb;mineBjelj (partial constraints): enAkñúgkrNIxøH eRKOgbgÁúM b¤Ggát;rbs;vaGacman
kmøaMgRbtikmμticCagsmIkarlMnwgEdlRtUvbMeBj eBlenaHeRKOgbgÁúMnwgkøayCaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlTb;mineBj
elj (partially constrained structure). ]TahrN_ eKmanGgát;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-21 CamYy
nwgdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;va. enATIenHsmIkar ∑ Fx = 0 minRtUv)anbMeBjsRmab;lkçxNÐdak;bnÞúk dUc
enH Ggát;KμansßirPaB.
karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -39
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

karTb;minRtwmRtUv (improper constraints): enAkñúgkrNIxøHEdlcMnYnénkmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat nig

cMnYnénsmIkarlMnwgesμIKña b:uEnþvaenAEtGaceFIV[eRKOgbgÁúMcl½t)an b¤KμansßirPaB edaysarEtkarTb;min
RtwmRtUvrbs;TRm. krNIEbbenHekItmanenAeBlEdlExSskmμénkmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;TRmkat;KñaRtg;
cMNucmYy. ]TahrN_sRmab;krNIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-22. BIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Fñwm eyIg
eXIjfa plbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc O nwgminesμIsUnüeT ¬ Pd ≠ 0 ¦ dUcenHvanwgekItmankarvilCuMvijcMNuc
O.

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -40

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

viFImü:ageTotEdlkarTb;minRtwmRtUvrbs;TRmnaM[maneRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaBekItmanenAeBl
EdlkmøaMgRbtikmμTaMgGs;manTisRsbKña. ]TahrN_sRmab;krNIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-23.
enA eBlEdleKGnuvtþkmøaMgeRTt P plbUkkmøaMgtamTisedknwgminesμIsUnüeT.
CaTUeTA eRKOgbgÁúMnwgKμansßirPaBedaylkçN³FrNImaRt ¬rMkiltictYc b¤dYlrlM¦ RbsinebIva
mankmøaMgRbtikmμticCagsmIkarlMnwg b¤RsinebIvamankmøaMgRbtikmμRKb;RKan; EtGsßirPaBrbs;nwgekIt
manRbsinebIExSskmμénkmøaMgRbtikmμkat;KñaRtg;cMNucmYy b¤k¾RsbKña. RbsinebIeRKOgbgÁúMpSMeLIg
edayGgát;eRcIn eKGackMNt;GsßirPaBrbs;Ggát;mYy b¤rbs;Ggát;eRcInedaykarGegát. RbsinebIGgát;
begáIt collapsible mechanism )an eRKOgbgÁúMnwgminmansßirPaB. eyIgGackMNt;sßirPaBtamrUbmnþ)an
sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMkñúgbøg;Edlman n nigGBaØatEdlCakmøaMgRbtikmμ r ehIyedaysarGgát;nImYy²RtUv
mansmIkarlMnwgcMnYnbI enaH
r < 3n KμansßirPaB
r ≥ 3n KμansßirPaBenAeBlEdlkmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;Ggát;
kat;KñaRtg;cMNucmYy b¤RsbKña b¤Ggát;xøHbegáIt
collapse mechanism (2-4)
eKRtUveCosvaRbePTeRKOgbgÁúMEdlKμansßirPaBeTaHbICavaCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤eRKOg
bgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTick¾eday.

]TahrN_ 2>6³ cUrcat;cMNat;fñak;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²enAkñúgrUbTI 2-24a rhUtdl;2-24e CaeRKOg

bgÁúMmansßirPaB b¤KμansßirPaB. eRKOgbgÁúMrgnUvbnÞúkxageRkANamYyEdleyIgsnμt;vasÁal;.
dMeNaHRsay³ eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)ancat;cMNat;fñak;dUcbgðajkñúgrUb.

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -41

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -42

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@>%> karGnuvtþénsmIkarlMnwg (Application of the equation of equilibrium)

eBlxøH Ggát;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)antP¢ab;KñaedaytMNEdleKsnμt;faCatMNsnøak;. eRKagGKar
nig truss CaRbePTeRKOgbgÁúMEdlCaerOy²sagsg;edayeRbItMNEbbenH. kñúgkrNIeRKOgbgÁúMkñúgbøg;
EdltP¢ab;edaysnøak;mankarTb;RtwmRtUv nigminmanTRmelIs b¤Ggát;elIsedIm,IkarBarkardYlrlM enaH
eKGackmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;tMN nigenARtg;TRmedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgTaMgbI ¬ ∑ Fx = 0 /
∑ Fy = 0 / ∑ M O = 0 ¦ eTAelIGgát;nImYy². enAeBlEdleKTTYl)ankmøaMgenARtg;tMN eKGacsikSa

KNnaTMhMrbs;Ggát; kartP¢ab; nigTRmedayEp¥kelI design code specification.

edIm,IbgðajBIviFIénkarviPaKkmøaMg BicarNaeRKagEdlmanGgát;bIdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-25a

EdlrgnUvbnÞúk P1 nig P2 . düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-25b. Ca
srub eKmanGBaØatTaMgGs; 9 ehIyeKmansmIkarlMnwgTaMgGs; 9 EdlGgát;nImYy²mansmIkarlMnwg 3
dUcenHeRKOgbgÁúMenHCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. sRmab;dMeNaHRsayCak;Esþg ¬eBlxøHmanlkçN³
gayRsYl¦ eKGacBicarNaeRKagCaEpñk b¤k¾eRKagTaMgmUl enAeBlEdlGnuvtþsmIkarxøHénsmIkarTaMg
9 enH. Ca]TahrN_ düaRkamGgÁesrIéneRKagTaMgmUlRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-25c. eKGackMNt;

kmøaMgRbtikmμTaMgbI Ax / Ay nig C x enAelIRbB½n§eRKOgbgÁúMEdltP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;rwgmaMenH bnÞab;

mk viPaKGgát;BIrkñúgcMeNamGgát;TaMgGs;enAkñúgrUbTI 2-25b edIm,ITTYl)anGBaØat 6 epSgeTot.
elIsBIenH eKGacRtYtBinitücMeLIyCaEpñkedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgTaMgbIeTAelIGgát;TIbIEdlenAsl;.
Casegçb eKGacedaHRsaybBaðaenHedaysresrsmIkarlMnwgy:ageRcInNas;cMnYn 9 edayeRbIdüaRkam
GgÁesrIénGgát;nImYy² nig ¬b¤¦bnSMénGgát;EdltP¢ab;. smIkareRkABIsmIkarTaMg 9 xagelIRtUv)aneRbI
edIm,IRtYtBinitülT§pl.
karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -43
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

\LÚvBicarNaeRKagEdlmanGgát;BIrdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-26a . enATIenHdüaRkamGgÁesrI

rbs;Ggát;bgðajGBaØatcMnYn 6 ¬rUbTI 2-26b¦ ehIyeyIgGacsresrsmIkarlMnwgcMnYn 6 EdlGgát;
nImYy²mansmIkarlMnwgcMnYn 3 dUcenHvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. dUckñúgkrNIelIkmun eKk¾Gac
eRbIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUl ¬rUbTI 2-26c¦ edIm,IviPaKpgEdr. dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb
eRKagnwgdYlrlMRbsinebIKμanTRm edayvanwgvilCMuvijsnøak; B EtkrNIenHnwgminekItmaneT edaysar
RbB½n§kmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenAelIeRKagTaMgGs;eFVI[eRKagmanlMnwg. dUcenH eKGacKNnaGBaØatTaMg 6
enHedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgTaMgbIeTAelIeRKagTaMgmUl ¬rUbTI 2-26c¦ ehIydUcKñaGnuvtþsmIkarTaMg
bIeTAelIGgát;mYykñúgcMeNamGgát;TaMgBIr.
]TahrN_TaMgBIrxagelIbgðajfa RbsinebIeRKagRtUv)anRTedayTRmd¾RtwmRtUv nigminmanTRm
b¤ Ggát;caM)ac;eRcInCagenHedIm,IkarBarkardYlrlM enaHeRKagCaeRKagkMNt;edaysþaTic ehIyeKGac
kMNt;GBaØatEdlCakmøaMgenARtg;TRm nigtMNBIsmIkarlMnwgedayGnuvtþeTAelIGgát;nImYy². ehIy
RbsinebI eRKOgbgÁúMenAEtrwgmaM ¬minGacdYlrlM¦ enAeBleKdkTRmecj ¬rUbTI 2-25c¦ enaHeKGac
kMNt;Rbtikmμ TRmTaMgbIedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeTAelIeRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUl. b:uEnþRbsinebIeRKOgbgÁúM
bgðajPaBminrwgmaM ¬GacdYlrlM¦ bnÞab;BIeKdkTRmecj ¬rUbTI 2-26c¦ enaHeKRtUvpþac;Ggát;TaMgenaH
ecjBIKña ehIyeKRtUvBicarNalMnwgrbs;Ggát;nImYy²edIm,ITTYl)ansmIkarRKb;RKan;edIm,IkMNt;Rbtikmμ
TRmTaMgGs;.

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -44

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFsI Rmab;kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlpSMedayGgát;Edlt
P¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;.
düaRkamGgÁesrI (Free-body diagrams)
 pþac;rcnasm½<n§ nigKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIénGgát;nImYy². ehIy vanwgkan;EtgayRsYl Rbsin
ebIeyIgKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUlbEnßmBIelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Ggát;nI-
mYy². eKGackMNt;RbtikmμTRmxøH b¤TaMgGs;edayeRbIdüaRkamenH.
 eyIgRtUvcgcaMfakmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;Ggát;BIreFVIGMeBICamYynwgTMhMesμIKña b:uEnþmanTisedApÞúy
KñaenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Ggát;.
 enAkñúgkrNIxøH eyIgGacdwgBITsi edArbs;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat b:uEnþRbsinebIeyIgBi)akkñúg
karkMNt;TisedArbs;va eyIgGacsnμt;)an.
smIkarlMnwg (Equation of equilibrium)
 rab;cMnYnGBaØatsrubedIm,I[c,as;faeKGacsresrcMnYnsmIkarlMnwgsmmUlsRmab;kar
edaHRsay. CaTUeTAeKGacsresrsmIkarlMnwgbIsRmab;Ggát;nImYy² elIkElgGgát;Edl
mankmøaMgBIr.
 dMeNaHRsaysRmab;GBaØatnwgminsμúKsμaj RbsinebIeKGnuvtþsmIkarm:Um:g; ∑ M O = 0
kan;EteRcIn.
 enAeBlGnuvtþsmIkarkmøaMg ∑ Fx = 0 nig ∑ Fy = 0 eKRtUvbMEbkkmøaMgpÁÜb[eTACabgÁúM
kmøaMgtamG½kS x nigG½kS y .
 RbsinebIdMeNaHRsayénsmIkarlMnwg[CaTMhMGviC¢mansRmab;kmøaMg b¤m:Um:g;KUEdlCa
GBaØat vabgðajfaTisedArbs;k,alRBYjpÞúyBIGVIEdleyIg)ansnμt;enAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrI.
]TahrN_ 2>7³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-27a.

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -45

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-27b kmøaMg 270kN RtUv)anbMEbkCabgÁúMkmøaMgtamG½kS x nig
y . elIsBIenH eKminRtUvkarrgVas;RbEvg 2.1m eT edaysarm:Um:g;KUKμanviucT½r (free vector) ehIyeKGac

GnuvtþvaenARKb;TItaMgTaMgGs;rbs;FñwmsRmab;KNnakmøaMgRbtikmμ.
smIkarlMnwg³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 2-2 CabnþbnÞab; edayeRbIlT§plEdlKNnaBIxagelI eyIg)an³
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax − 270 cos 60 o = 0 Ax = 135kN

/
+ ∑ M A = 0 − 270 sin 60 o (3) + 270 cos 60 o (0.3) + B y (4.2 ) − 67.5 = 0 B y = 173.4kN

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − 270 sin 60o + 173.4 + Ay = 0 Ay = 60.4kN

]TahrN_ 2>8³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 2-28 a.

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-28b kmøaMgBRgayragctuekaNBñayRtUv)anbMElgCakmøaMg
BRgayragRtIekaN nigBRgayesμI. kmøaMgBRgayragRtIekaN nigBRgayesμIRtUv)ansMEdgCakmøaMgpÁÜb.
kmøaMgpÁÜbTaMgenHmanGMeBIkat;tamTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞkmøaMgEdlRtUvKña.
smIkarlMnwg³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 2-2 CabnþbnÞab; edayeRbIlT§plEdlKNnaBIxagelI eyIg)an³
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay − 60 − 60 = 0 Ay = 120kN

/
+ ∑ M A = 0 − 60(4 ) − 60(6 ) + M A = 0 M A = 600kN .m

]TahrN_ 2>9³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 2-29 a. snμt;fa A CaTRmsnøak; ehIy

B CaTRmkl; ¬épÞrelag¦.

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -46

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-29b TRmkl;enARtg;cMNuc B GnuvtþkmøaMgEkgeTAelIFñwmenA
Rtg;cMNucEdlvab:H. ExSskmμénkmøaMgTaMgenHRtUv)ankMNt;edayRtIekaN 3-4-5.
smIkarlMnwg³ bMEbkkmøaMg N B [eTACabgÁúMkmøaMgtamTis x nigtamTis y ehIyedayeFVIpl
bUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc A eyIgnwgTTYl)ankmøaMg N B edaypÞal;. edayeRbIlT§plenH eyIgGacTTYl)an
Ax nig Ay .

⎛ 3⎞ ⎛4⎞
+∑MA = 0 − 15.75(10.5) + N B ⎜ ⎟(3) + N B ⎜ ⎟(1.2 ) = 0 N B = 6kN
⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠
+
Ax − (6 ) = 0
4
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax = 4.8kN
5
Ay − 15.75 + (6 ) = 0
3
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay = 12.15kN
5

]TahrN_ 2>10³ FñwmpSMenAkñúgrUbTI 2-30 a RtUv)anbgáb;enARtg;cMNuc A . kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenA

Rtg; A / B nig C . snμt;fa B CatMNsnøak; ehIy C CaTRmkl;.

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -47

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ düaRkamGgÁesrIénkMNat;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-30b. ehtuGVIk¾
lMhat;enHCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic?
smIkarlMnwg³ eKmanGBaØatTaMgGs;6. edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgTaMg6 eyIg)an
sRmab;kMNat; BC ³
+ ∑ MC = 0 − 8 + B y (4.5) = 0 B y = 1.78kN
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Bx = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − 1.78 + C y = 0 C y = 1.78kN

sRmab;kMNat; AB ³
+∑MA = 0 M A − 36(3) + 1.78(6 ) = 0 M A = 97.3kN .m
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax − 0 = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay − 36 + 1.78 = 0 Ay = 34.2kN

]TahrN_ 2>11³ eRKOgbgÁúMEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUb

RTkRmal nigBüÜrTUk. m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMEdlbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-31a
EdleyIgsnμt;fa A CaTRmkl; ehIy B CaTRm
snøak;. edayeRbIkUdkñúgtMbn; (local code) bnÞúk
kRmalEdl snμt;RtUv)aneTAelIrtKW 6kN / m .
xül;Gnuvtþ kmøaMgpÁÜbtamTisedk 4kN dUcbgðaj ehIym:as;rbs;TUkEdlBüÜreTAnwgrtKW 23Mg . TIRbCMu
Tm¶n;rbs; m:as;TUksßitenARtg; G . kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm.

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Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ enATIenH eyIgnwgBicarNaTUk nigrtCaRbB½n§EtmYy ¬rUbTI 2-31b¦. dUcbgðaj eK
RtUvdak;bnÞúkpÁÜbCMnYs[bnÞúkBRgay.
smIkarlMnwg³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 2-2 CabnþbnÞab;. eyIg)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 4 − Bx = 0

+ ∑MB = 0 22.8(1.90 ) − Ay (2 ) + 225.6(5.40 ) − 4(0.30 ) = 0 Ay = 630.2kN = 630kN

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 630.2 − B y − 22.8 − 225.6 = 0 B y = 382kN

cMMNaMfa³ RbsinebIeKBicarNartEtmYysRmab;karviPaK enaHkmøaMgEkgenARtg;cMNuc C nig D RtUv)anKit

dMbUgedayeRbIdüaRkamGgÁesrIénTUk. kmøaMgTaMgenHnwgmanRbsinebIkabTajTUk[b:Hp¥wbnwgcMNucTaMg
BIr. kmøaMgEkgEdlmanTMhMesμIKña EtTisenApÞúyKñaenARtg;cMNuc C nwgeFVIGMeBIeTAelIrt enAeBleKEdl
eKBicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;va. eKnwgTTYl)anlT§pldUcKña. b:uEnþ edayBicarNaRbB½n§TUk nigrt
kmøaMgEkg nigkmøaMgkabkøayeTACakmøagM kñúg ehIyminRtUv)aneKykmkKiteT.
]TahrN_ 2>12³ kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigQrenARtg;snøak; A / B nig C rbs;eRKagEdlman
GgÁt;BIrdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-32a.

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -49

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ düaRkamGgÁesrIénGgát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-32b.
smIkarlMnwg³ edayGnuvtþnUvsmIkarlMnwgcMnYn6 enAkñúgCMhanbnþbnÞab;GnuBaØat[eyIgTTYl)an
dMeNaHRsaysRmab;GBaØatTaMg6edaypÞal;.
sRmab;Ggát; BC ³
+ ∑ MC = 0 − B y (2 ) + 6(1) = 0 B y = 3kN

sRmab;Ggát; AB ³
+∑MA = 0 − 8(2 ) − 3(2 ) + B x (1.5) = 0 B x = 14.7 kN
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax +
3
(8) − 14.7 = 0 Ax = 9.87 kN
5
Ay − (8) − 3 = 0
4
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay = 9.40kN
5
sRmab;Ggát; BC ³
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 14.7 − C x = 0 C x = 14.7 kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 3 − 6 + Cy = 0 C y = 3kN

]TahrN_ 2>13³ RCugrbs;GKarenAkñúgrUbTI 2-33a rgnUvbnÞúkxül;EdlbegáItCasm<aFEkgBRgay

esμI 15kPa enAelICBa¢aMgEdlRbQmnwgTisxül;bk; (windward side) nigrgsm<aFbWt (suction
pressure) 5kPa enAelICBa¢aMgEdlminRbQmnwgTisxül;bk; (leeward side). kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμ

edk nigQrenARtg;snøak; A / B nig C énTRmrbs; gable arch.

Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -50

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
edaysarbnÞúkCabnÞúkBRgayelIépÞ enaHeKRtUvbMElgbnÞúkenH[eTACabnÞúkBRgayelIbnÞat; mann½yfa
gable arch kNþalRTnUvbnÞúkEdleFVIGMeBIenAelICBa¢ag
M nigdMbUlrbs;épÞrgsm<aFEdlmanBN’dit.
bnÞúkBRgayelIenAelIRCugEdlRtUvnwgTisxül;bk;KW (15kN / m 2 )(4m) = 60kN / m ehIyenAelIRCug
mYyeTotKW (5kN / m 2 )(4m) = 20kN / m ¬rUbTI 2-33b¦.

düaRkamGgÁesrI³ edaysMrYlKitbnÞúkBRgayCabnÞúkpÁÜbcMcMNuc düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKagTaMgmUl

nigrbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 2-33c.
smIkarlMnwg³ eKRtUveCosvagdMeNaHRsaykñúgeBlEtmYy
edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgenAkñúgCMhanbnþbnÞab;dUcbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_xagelI . *

eRKagTaMgmUl³
+∑MA = 0 − (180 + 60 )(1.5) − (254.6 + 84.9)cos 45o (4.5) − (254.6 sin 45o )(1.5)
+ (84.9 sin 45o )(4.5) + C y (6 ) = 0 C y = 240.0kN

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − Ay − 254.6 sin 45o + 84.9 sin 45o + 240.0 = 0 Ay = 120.0kN

sRmab;Ggát; AB ³
+ ∑MB = 0 − Ax (6) + 120.0(3) + 180(4.5) + 254.6(2.12 ) = 0 Ax = 285.0kN
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 − 285.0 + 180 + 254.6 cos 45o − Bx = 0 Bx = 75.0kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − 120.0 − 254.6 sin 45o + B y = 0 B y = 300.0kN

sRmab;Ggát; BC ³
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 − C x + 60 + 84.9 cos 45o + 75.0 = 0 C x = 195.0kN

*
eKk¾GacedaHRsay]TahrN_enHedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgEtcMnYn6eTAelIGgát;TaMgBI. RbsinvaGaceTArYc vaCakarRbesIrEdl
dMbUgeyIgRtUv eFVIplbUkm:Um:gRtg;cMNuc A enAelIGgát; AB bnÞab;mkRtg;cMNuc C enAelIGgát; CB. edayeFVIEbbenH eyIgnwg
TTYl)anBIrsmIkarsRmab;edaHRsayrk B nig B kñúgeBlCamYyKña.
x y

karviPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -51

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
2>1> eKeRbIeRKagmYy[RTkRmaleQI ¬min bgðajbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIGgát; BE nig FD .
bgðaj¦ EdlvargbnÞúkBRgayesμI 6.5kN / m 2 . yk b = 3m / a = 2.4m . CMnYy³ emIltarag 1-
KUrbgðajBIbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIenAelIGgát; BG nig 3.
ABCD . yk b = 3m / a = 1.5m .

2>4> edaHRsaycMeNaT 2-3/ CamYynwg b =

3 .6 m / a = 1 .2 m .
2>2> kRmaldMbUlénGKarEdlmankMBs;mYyCan;
rgnUvbnÞúkefr nigbnÞúkGefr 6kN / m 2 . Rbsin 2>5> eKeRbIeRKageQIedIm,IRTkRmaleQI. bgðaj
ebIrnUtmanKMlatBIKña1.2m ehIyrtmanKMlat bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIGgát; BG nig ABCD . yk
b = 3m / a = 1.5m . CMnYy³ emIltarag 1-4.
7.5m BIKña cUrkMNt;bnÞúkBRgayEdleFVIGMeBIelI

rnUt DF nigbnÞúkEdleFVIGMeBIelIrtenARtg;cMNuc
A / B / C / D nig E .

2>6> edaHRsaycMeNaT 2-5/ CamYynwg b =

2 .4 m / a = 2 .4 m .

2>7> edaHRsaycMeNaT 2-5/ CamYynwg b =

4.5m / a = 3m .

2>8> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²CaeRKOg
2>3> eKeRbIeRKagEdkedIm,IRTkRmalebtugGarem: bgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþa
Tm¶n;RsalkRmas; 100mm EdlRTbnÞúkBRgay Tic eRKOgbgÁúMmansßirPaB b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansißrPaB.
esμI 25kN / m 2 . RbsinebICaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic
Problems T.Chhay -52
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkénPaBminkMNt;. 2>10> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²Ca

eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICa
eRKOg bgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkén
PaBminkMNt;.

2>9> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²CaeRKOg
bgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþa
Tic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICaeRKOg
bgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkénPaB
minkMNt;.

2>11> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²Ca
eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICa
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkén
PaBminkMNt;.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -53

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICa

eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkén
PaBminkMNt;. TRm nigtMNTaMgGs;RtUv)ansnμt;
dUcbgðaj.

2>12> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²Ca
eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICa
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkén
PaBminkMNt;. TRm nigsnøak;RtUv)ansnμt;dUc
bgðaj.

2>14> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²Ca
eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICa
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkén
PaBminkMNt;. tMNTaMgGs;CatMNrwg b¤tMNbgáb;.

2>13> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²Ca
eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
Problems T.Chhay -54
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

2>16> cat;cMNat;fñak;éneRKOgbgÁúMnImYy²Ca
eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTic b¤eRKOgbgÁúMKμansßirPaB. RbsinebICa
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkén
PaBminkMNt;. TRm nigtMNTaMgGs;RtUv)ansnμt;
2>15> cUrkMNt;BIdWeRkénPaBminkMNt;rbs; dUcbgðaj.
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic. tMNTaMgGs;
CatMNrwg b¤tMNbgáb;.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -55

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

2>20> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwm.

2>21> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwm.
2>17> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwm. eKsnμt;
TRmenARtg; B CaTRmkl;
nigminKitBIkRmas;rbs;Fñwm.

2>22> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B .

kRmal CD / DE / EF
2>18> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B . nig FG bBa¢ÚnbnÞúkrbs;va eTAelIrttamTRmkl;.
snμt; A CaTRmkl; nig B CaTRmsnøak;. snμt; A CaTRmkl; nig B CaTRmsnøak;.

2>19> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwm.
2>23> KNnakmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B
énFñwmpSM. enARtg; C CatMNsnøak;.

Problems T.Chhay -56

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2>24> eKeRbIRKwHeCIgtagedIm,IRTbnÞú 50kN . kM- 2>27> KNnakmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmrelag A

Nt;GaMgtg;sIuet w1 nig w2 énbnÞúkBRgayEdl nigenARtg;TRmsnøak; B . tMN C CatMNbgáb; .
manGMeBIenAelI)atrbs;RKWHedIm,I[manlMnwg.

2>28> eKeRbIeCIgtagkugs‘ul (cantilever

footing) edIm,IRTCBa¢aMgenAEk,rcugEKmrbs;RKwH

2>25> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwm. A dUcenH vaeFVI[mansm<aFdIrayesμIenABI

eRkamRKwH. kMNt;bnÞúkBRgayesμIcaM)ac; wA nig
wB EdlKitCa kN / m enARtg;RKwH A nig B edIm,I

RTbnÞúkCBa¢aMg 40kN nig100kN .

2>26> KNnakmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmrelag C
nigenARtg;TRmsnøak; A . snμt; B CatMNbgáb; .

cMeNaT T.Chhay -57

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

2>29> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B

rbs; truss. bnÞúkBRgayRtUv)anbgáeLIgeday
sarxül;.

2>32> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B

2>30> dgsÞÚc jib crane mantMNsnøak;enARtg; rbs; truss. bnÞúkBRgayRtUv)anbgáeLIgeday
A nigmanTRm smooth collar enARtg; B . sarxül;.
kMNt;bMlas;TI x énbnÞúk 22.5kN dUcenHvaeFVI[
mankmøaMgRbtikmμGtibrma nigGb,brma. KNna
kmøaMgRbtikmμenAkñúgkrNInImYy². snμt;eKecal
Tm¶n;rbs;dgsÞúc. eKtRmUv[1.2m ≤ x ≤ 3m .

2>33> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigQrenA

Rtg;TRm A nig B . tMNenARtg; C nig D CatMN
bgáb; .

2>31> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B

éneRKag. snμt;fa A CaTRmkl;.
2>34> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A / B
nig E . snμt; B CaTRmkl;.
Problems T.Chhay -58
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2>38> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A / C
nig D .

2>35> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A / B /
C nig D .

2>39> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A nig C .

snμt;fa A CaTRmkl; B CatMNbgáb; nig C Ca
tMNsnøak;.
2>36>
kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenRtg;TRmsRmab;FñwmpSM.
eKmansnøak;enARtg; A / E nig F .

2>40> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A / B . snμt;

2>37> sMNg;s<anRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. enATI
B CaTRmkl; ¬TRmrGil¦ C CatMNrwg.
enHeyIgeXIjfa truss kNþal CD RtUv)anRT
eday truss ly ABC nig DEF . C nig D
CatMNsnøak;. kMNt;RbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;TRm
A / B / E nig F RbsinebIbnÞúk 60kN manGMeBI

enAelI truss kNþal.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -59

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

2>41> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B .

2>42> eRKags<anmYypSMeLIgedaybIkMNat; Edl

eKKitfa A / D nig E Casnøak; ehIy C nig F 2>45> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigQrenA
CaTRm rocker É B CaTRmkl;. kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMg Rtg;TRm A nig B .
RbtikmμtamTisedk nigTisQrenARKb;TRm
TaMgGs;EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkEdl)anbgðaj.

2>43> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigQrenA 2>46> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig D .

Rtg; A / B nig C . snμt;eKP¢ab;eRKagedaytMN snμt;fa A CaTRmbgáb; ehIy B / C
snøak;enARtg;cMNucTaMgenH ehIy D nig E CatMN nig D Casnøak;.
rwg.

2>44> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B . 2>47> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig C .

tMN C nig D CatMNrwg. eRKagRtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;enARtg; A / B
nig C ehIytMNTaMgBIrCaTRmrwg.
Problems T.Chhay -60
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2>50> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigQrenA

Rtg;TRm A / B nig C . snμt;faeRKagRtUv)an
tP¢ab; edaytMNsnøak;enARtg; A / B / D / E
nig F É C CaTRmbgáb;.

2>48> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;tMN A / B
nig C . snμt;tMNnImYy²CatMNsnøak; ehIytMN
B CatMNrwg. KMerag³ pøÚvrfePøIgRtUv)anRTedayeRKagebtug
Garem:. snμt;rtTRmsmBaØBIrRTEdk rail nig
kRmalpøÚvrfePøIgEdlmanTm¶n; 7.5kN / m nig
RTbnÞúkrbs;rfePøIg 100kN / m ¬rUbxageRkam¦.
rt nImYy²manRbEvg 100kN / m . GnuvtþbnÞúk
TaMgenHeTAelIeRKags<anTaMgmUl ehIykMNt;
kmøaMgsgát;enAkñúgssrrbs;va. sRmab;karviPaK
snμt;fa tMNTaMgGs;CatMNsnøak; ehIyecal
2>49> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;tMN A nig TRmg;rbs;eRKag. etIkarsnμt;tMNTaMgGs;Ca
C én gable frame. snμt;fa A / B nig C CatMN tMNsnøak;GacTTYlyk)aneTsRmab;PaBCak;
snøak;. eKdak;bnÞúkenARtg;cMNuc D / E / F nig Esþg?
G EkgeTAnwgG½kSrbs;rtnImYy².

cMeNaT T.Chhay -61

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

#> karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic

Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
enAkñúgCMBUkenH eyIgnwgerobrab;BIviFIsRmab;viPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTickMNt;edayeRbIviFItMN
nigviFImuxkat;. b:uEnþ dMbUgeyIgnwgBN’naBIPaBkMNt; nigsßirPaBrbs; truss. bnÞab;mkeyIgnwgBicarNa
karviPaK truss kñúgbøg;bITRmg;KW³ truss samBaØ/ truss pSM nig truss saMjúaM. cugeRkay eyIgnwgBicarNa
karviPaK truss kñúglMh.

#>!> RbePTTUeTArbs; truss (Common Types of Analysis)

Truss CaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlpSMeLIgedayGgát;Evg²
EdltP¢ab;KñaenAxagcugrbs;va. Ggát;EdleRbICaTUeTA
edIm,IeFVI truss rYmmanr)areQI r)arEdk EdkEkg b¤Edk
GkSr C. CaFmμta tMNRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edayb‘ULúg
b¤edaykarpSarcugGgát;eTAnwgbnÞHEdkFmμta EdleKehA
fa gusset plate dUcbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI 3-1 b¤edayP¢ab;
Ggát;eTAnwgGgát;edayb‘ULúg b¤edayknøas;. Truss kñúgbøg; sßitenAkñúgbøg;eTal ehIyeKeRcIneRbIvaedIm,I
RTdMbUl b¤eRbIvaCas<an.

Truss dMbUl (Roof trusses): CaerOy²eKeRbIdMbUl truss enAkñúgeRKagGKar]sSahkmμ dUcbgðaj

enAkñúgrUbTI 3-2. enATIenH bnÞúkdMbUlRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTA truss tamry³tMN. eKehAdMbUl truss rYmCa
mYynwgssrEdlCaTRmrbs;vafa bent. CaFmμta dMbUl truss RtUv)anRTedayssrEdleFVIBIeQI Edk
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -62
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ebtugGarem: b¤RTedayCBa¢aMg\dæ. edIm,IrkSa bent [rwg nigmanlT§PaBTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgxül;tam

Tisedk eBlxøHeKRtUveRbIkar knee brace enARtg;ssrEdlCaTRm. KMlatrvag bent eK[eQμaHfa bay.
sRmab;lkçN³esdækic© eKykKMlat bay RbEhl 4.6m sRmab; bent EdlmanElVg 18m ehIy
RbEhl 6.1m sRmab;ElVg 30m . CaerOy² eKP¢ab; bay edayGgát;BRgwgGgát;RTUgedIm,IrkSaPaBrwgmaM
rbs;eRKagsMNg;.
eKeRCIserIs Truss EdleRbIedIm,IRTdMMbUledayEp¥kelIRbEvgElVg CRmal nigsmÖar³sRmab;dMeLIg
dMbUl. RbePT truss EdleKniymeRbIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-3. CaFmμtaeKGaceRbI scissor truss
¬rUbTI 3-3a) sRmab;ElVgxøIEdlRtUvkarlMhFM. Howe nig Pratt truss ¬rUbTI 3-3b nig 3-3c¦RtUv)an

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -63

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

eRbIsRmab;dMbUlEdlmanElVgmFümKWRbEhl 18m eTA 30m . RbsineKRtUvkarElVgFMedIm,IRTdMbUl eK

GaceRbI fan truss b¤ Fink truss ¬rUbTI 3-3d nig 3-3e¦. eKGacsagsg; truss
TaMgenHeday[ r)arxageRkamekageLIgelIdUckarbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-3f. RbsinebIeKcg;sg;dMbUlrab
esμI b¤esÞIrrabesμI eKGaceRCIserIs Warren truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-3g. rUbTI 3-3h Ca truss Edl
RtUv)aneKeRbI CaerOy²enAeBlNaEdlKMlatrbs;ssrminEmnCabBaðasMxan; ehIyGVIEdlsMxan;KWBnøW.
eBlxøHeKeRCIserIs truss dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-3i sRmab;cMNtrfynþ XøaMgTukynþehaHFntUc
ehIy arched truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-3j eTaHbICamantémøsagsg;éføk¾eday k¾eKeRbIvasRmab;sMNg;GKar
x<s; nigsMNg;Edl manElVgFM² dUcCaRKwHsßanGb;rMkay kILasßan>>>.
Truss s<an (Bridge trusses): GgÁt;eRKOgbgÁúMrbs;RbePTs<an truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-
4. enATIenH eyIgeXIjfabnÞúkenAelIkRmal deck dMbUgRtUv)anepÞreTA stringer bnÞab;mkepÞreTAFñwm
kRmal (floor beam) ehIycugeRkaybBa¢ÚneTAtMNén truss xagTaMgBIrEdlRTva. Ggát;xagelI nigGgát;
xageRkamén truss xagTaMgBIrenHRtUv)anP¢ab;KñaedayGgát;BRgwgxagelI (top lateral bracing) nigxag
eRkam EdlvaeFVIkarCaGgát;EdlTb;Tl;kmøaMgxagEdlbgáeLIgedayxül; nigkareyalxag (sidesway)
EdlbgáeLIgedaykarcl½trbs;rfynþenAelIs<an. eKRtUvbEnßmsßirPaBEfmeTotedaydMeLIg portal nig
sway bracing. dUckñúgkrNI truss EdlmanElVgEvg²CaeRcIn eKRtUvdak;TRmkl; (roller) enAcugmçag

rbs; truss s<anedIm,IGnuBaØatkarrIkmaDedaysarkMedA.

RbePTén truss s<anxøHEdlRtUv)aneRbICaElVgeTalRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-5. CaFmμta

eKniymeRbI Pratt, Howe nig Warren truss sRmab;ElVgEdlmanRbEvgrhUtdl; 60m . TRmg; truss
EdlsamBaØCageKKW Warren truss EdlmanGgát;bBaÄr ¬rUbTI 3-5c¦. sRmab;ElVgFMeKeRcIneRbI
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -64
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Parker truss¬rUbTI 3-5d¦ edIm,IsnSMsMécsmÖar³. eKGacsagsg; Warren truss EdlmanGgát;bBaÄr

tamTRmg; Parker truss sRmab;ElVgrhUtdl; 90m . eKGacTTYl)anlkçN³esdækic©x<s;bMputsRmab;
smÖar³enAeBlEdlGgát;Ggát;RTUgmanmuMpÁúMCamYynwgG½kSedkcenøaHBI 45o eTA 60o . RbsinebIeKrkSakar
c,ab;enH enaHsRmab;ElVgEdlFMCag 90m eKRtUvdMeLIgkm<s;rbs; truss ehIyCavi)akeKnwgTTYl)an
RbEvgEvg. enAkñúgRbB½n§kRmal deck EdlmanTm¶n;F¶n; nigedIm,IrkSaTm¶n;rbs;kRmal deck [enA
kñúgkRmitkMNt;EdlGacTTYlyk)aneKRtUvbegáIt subdivided truss. ]TahrN_sRmab; truss Edl
man subdivided truss rYmman Baltimore nig subdivided Warren truss ¬rUbTI 3-5e nig3-5f¦.
cugeRkay eKk¾GaceRbI K-truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-5g edIm,ICMnYs[ subdivided truss,
edaysarvasMercnUveKalbMNgdUcKña.

karsnμt;sRmab;karsikSaKNna³ edIm,IsikSaKNnaGgát; nigtMNrbs; truss/ dMbUgeKcaM)ac;kMNt;

kmøaMgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;nImYy² enAeBl truss rgbnÞúkEdl[. kñúgkrNIenH eKRtUveFVIkarsnμt;
sMxan;cMnYnedIm,IeFVIKMrUm:UEDl truss.
!> Ggát;TaMgGs;RtUvtP¢ab;Kñaedayknøas;relag ¬snøak;Kμankkit¦. enAkñúgkrNI eKeRbIkartP¢ab;
edayb‘ULúg nigedayTwkbnSar karsnμt;EbbenHGacbMeBjeTA)anluHRtaEtG½kSrbs;Ggát;nImYy²
EdltP¢ab;KñaRtUvkat;KñaRtg;cMNucmYy dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-1. b:uEnþ eKRtUvdwgfa edaysar
tMNCak;EsþgmanPaBrwgmaM (rigidity) xøH dUcenHvanwgeFVI[Ggát;rgm:Um:g;Bt;;enAeBlEdl truss
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -65
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

rgbnÞúk. kugRtaMgm:Um:g;Bt;EdlekItenAkñúgGgát;RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa kugRtaMgrg (secondary

stress) b:uEnþkugRtaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs;m:UEDl truss EdlmantMNsnøak;RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa
kugRtaMgem (primary stress). eKkRmnwgeFVIkarviPaKrkkugRtaMgrgrbs; truss Nas; eTaHbIkug
RtaMgenHenAkñúg RbePT truss xøHmantémøFMk¾eday.
@> RKb;bnÞúkTaMgGs;RtUvGnuvtþenARtg;tMN. enAkñúgsßanPaBPaKeRcIn dUcCasRmab;s<an truss nig
dMbUl truss/ karsnμt;enHKWBit. CaerOy² enAkñúgkarviPaKkmøaMg eKecalTm¶n;rbs;Ggát;eday
sarGgát;RTkmøaMgFMCagTm¶n;rbs;vaxøaMgNas;. RbsinebIeKKitTm¶n;rbs;Ggát;eTAkñúgkarviPaK CaTU
eTAeKRtUvKitvaCakmøaMgbBaÄrcMcMNucEdlBak;kNþalénTMhMrbs;vaRtUv)andak;enAcugsgxagrbs;
Ggát;.
edaysarsnμt;TaMgBIrenH Ggát;rbs; truss nImYy²eFVIkarCaGgát;rgkmøaMgtamG½kS (axial force
member) dUcenHkmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenAxagcugrbs;Ggát;RtUvEtsßitenAelIG½kSrbs;Ggát;. RbsinebI

kmøaMgeFVI[Ggát;lUt eKehAvafakmøaMgTaj (tensile force T) emIlrUbTI 3-6a. cMENkÉkmøaMgEdl

eFVI[Ggát;rYjxøI eK[eQμaHvafakmøaMgsgát; (compressive force C) emIlrUbTI 3-6b. enAkñúg
karsikSaKNna truss Cak;Esþg eKcaM)ac;bgðajfakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;CakmøaMgsgát; b¤kmøaMgTaj eday
sarkarekag (buckling) b¤GsßirPaBPøam²GacekItmanenAkñúgGgát;rgkarsgát; (compression
member).

#>@> karcat;cMNat;fñak;rbs; truss kñúgbøg; (Classification of Coplanar Trusses)

munnwgcab;epþImviPaKrkkmøaMgrbs; truss/ eKcaM)ac;RtUvcat;cMNat;fñak;rbs; truss Ca truss
samBaØ truss pSM b¤ truss saMjúaM bnÞab;mkeTotkMNt;rkPaBkMNt; nigsßirPaBrbs;va.
Truss samBaØ (Simple truss): edIm,IkarkardYlrlM rcnasm<½n§rbs; truss RtUvEtrwgmaM. eyIg
eXIjy:agc,as;fa eRKag ABCD enAkñúgrUbTI 3-7 nwgmindYlrlMeT RbsinebIeKEfmGgát;Ggát;RTUg AC.
rcnasm<½n§y:agsamBaØbMputEdlrwgmaM nigsßirPaBKWragRtIekaN. Cavi)ak truss samBaØRtUv)ansagsg;
eLIgedaycab;epþImCamYynwgragRtIekaN dUcCa ABC enAkñúgrUbTI 3-8 ehIytP¢ab;Ggát;BIr ¬AD nig
BD¦ eTot edIm,IbegáItCarcnasm<½n§bEnßm. dUcenH enAeBlEdleKbEnßmGgát;BIreTAelI truss cMnYntMN

nwgekIneLIgmYy.
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -66
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]TahrN_sRmab; truss samBaØRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-9 Edlrcnasm<½n§EdlmansßirPaB

dMbUgKW ABC. eRkABIrcnasm<½n§dMbUgenH tMNEdlenAsl; D, E nig F RtUv)anerobtamlMdab;GkSr.
b:uEnþ sRmab;viFIsagsg;EbbenH eKRtUvdwgfa truss samBaØTaMgGs;minEmnsuT§EtpSMeLIgedayragRtI
ekaNTaMgGs;eT. ]TahrN_RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-10 Edlcab;epþImCamYynwgRtIekaN ABC
bnÞab;mk eKbEnßmr)ar CD nig AD edIm,IbegáIttMN D. cugeRkayeKEfmr)ar BE nig DE edIm,IbegáIt
tMN E.

Truss pSM (Compound truss): eKbegáIt truss pSMedaykartP¢ab; truss samBaØBIr b¤eRcInbBa©Úl
Kña. CaerOy² eKeRbI truss RbePTenHedIm,IRTbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIenAelIElVgEvg² edaysarkarcMNay
kñúgkarsagsg; truss pSMEdlmanTm¶n;RsalmantémøefakCagkarsagsg; truss samBaØEdlmanTm¶n;
F¶n;Cag.
eKmanviFIbIkñúgkartP¢ab; truss samBaØedIm,IpÁúMCa truss pSM.
RbePTTI1³ eKGactP¢ab; truss edaytMNFmμta nigedayr)ar. ]TahrN_RtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 3-11a Edl truss EdlmanBN’dit ABC RtUv)antP¢ab;eTAnwg truss Edl
manBN’dit CDE enAkñúgTRmg;dUcbgðajkñúgrUb.
RbePTTI2³ eKtP¢ab; truss edayr)arcMnYnbI dUcenAkñúgkrNIkartP¢ab; truss ABC Edlman
BN’diteTAnwg truss EdlmanTMhMFMCag DEF ¬rUbTI 3-11b¦.
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -67
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

 RbePTTI3³ eKGactP¢ab; truss edayCMnYsr)arrbs; truss samBaØFMEdleK[eQμaHfa

truss em eday truss samBaØtUcEdleK[eQμaHfa truss rgvij. ]TahrN_RtUv)anbgðaj

enArUbTI 3-11c EdlbnÞat;dac;rbs; truss em ABCDE RtUv)anCMnYseday truss rgEdl

manBN’dit. RbsinebI truss enHRTbnÞúkdMbUl kareRbI truss rgGacmanlkçN³esdækic©
Cag edaysarGgát;EdlCabnÞat;dac;CargnUvkarBt;begáagFM É truss rgGacepÞrbnÞúk)an
l¥Cag.

Truss saMjúaM (Complex truss): ral; truss TaMgGs;EdlminRtUv)ancat;cMNat;fñak;cUlkñúg truss

samBaØ nig truss pSM RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa truss saMjúaM EdlmanbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-12.

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -68

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PaBkMNt; (Determinacy): sRmab;karviPaK truss TaMgGs; eKRtUvdwgcMnYnsrubrbs;GBaØatedayrYm

bBa©ÚlTaMgkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss EdlmancMnYn b nigcMnYnkmøaMgRbtikmμxageRkAsrub r. eday
sarGgát; truss suT§EtCaGgát;Rtg;rgkmøaMgtamG½kSEdlsßitenAkñúgbøg;EtmYy enaHRbB½n§kmøaMgEdleFVI
GMeBIenARtg;tMNnImYy²KWenAkñúgbøg; nigRbsBVKña. dUcenH smIkarlMnwgsRmab;karrmYl b¤sRmab;m:Um:g;
RtUv)anbMeBjedaysV½yRbvtþenARtg;tMN ¬b¤snøak;¦ ehIyvacaM)ac;RtUvbMeBjsmIkarlMnwg ∑ Fx = 0
nig ∑ Fy = 0 edIm,IFanalMnwgkmøaMg b¤Fanakarcl½t. dUcenH eKGacsrsrsmIkarlMnwgEtBIrsRmab;
tMNnImYy² ehIyRbsinebIeKmantMNcMnYn j enaHcMnYnsmIkarEdlGacmansRmab;dMeNaHRsayKW 2j.
edayeRbobeFobcMnYnGBaØatsrub (b+r) CamYynwgcMnYnsrubrbs;smIkarEdlGacsresr)an dUcenHeK
GackMNt;PaBkMNt;sRmab; truss TaMgGs;. eyIgman

b+r = 2j kMNt;edaysþaTic
b+r > 2j minkMNt;edaysþaTic (3.1)

dWeRkénPaBminkMNt;RtUv)ankMNt;edayplsgéncMnYn (b + r ) − 2 j .
sßirPaB (Stability): RbsinebI b + r < 2j enaH truss nwgminmansßirPaB ehIyvanwgdYlrlM eday
sarvaminmancMnYnr)arRKb;RKan;edIm,I b¤kmøaMgRbtikmμRKb;RKan;edIm,ITb;tMNTaMgGs;min[cl½t)an.
ehIy truss k¾GacGsßirPaBeTaHbIvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤minkMNt;edaysþaTick¾eday.
sRmab;krNIsßirPaB eKRtUvkMNt;edaykarGegát b¤edaykarviPaKkmøaMg.
sßirPaBxageRkA (External stability): dUckarerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 2-4 eRKOgbgÁúM b¤ truss
EdlGsßirPaBxageRkARbsinebIkmøaMgRbtikmμTaMgGs;rbs;vaRbsBVKña b¤RsbKña. ]TahrN_ truss BIr
enAkñúgrUbTI 3-13 Ca truss GsßirPaBxageRkA edaysarRbtikmμTRmmanExSskmμRbsBVKña b¤RsbKña.

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -69

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

sßirPaBxagkñúg (Internal stability): eKGacRtYtBinitüsßirPaBxagkñúgrbs; truss edaykarGegát

BIkarteRmobGgát;rbs;vaedayRbugRby½tñ. RbsinebIeKGackMNt;fatMNnImYy²RtUv)aneFVI[rwg dUc enH
eKminGaccl½t rigid body edayeFobnwgtMNdéT)aneT. cMNaMfa truss samBaØEtgEtmansßirPaB
xagkñúg. edaysarFmμCatiénkarsagsg;rbs;va eKTamTar[cab;epþImCamYynwgragRtIekaN ehIy
EfmGgát; BIrsRmab;tMNmYyCabnþbnÞab;. Truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-14 bgðajBIkarsagsg;enH edaycab;
epþImCamYynwg truss ragRtIekaNEdlmanBN’dit ABC ehIytMN D, E, F, G, nig H RtUv)anbEnßm.

RbsinebIeKsg; truss EbbenH tMNrbs;vaminmanTItaMgbgáb;eT dUcenHvaGacnwgGsßirPaB b¤man

TRmg;eRKaHfñak;. ]TahrN_sRmab;krNIenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-15 EdleKGaceXIjfaenA
cenøaHtMN C nig F b¤ B nig E minmankarTb;[rwgmaMeT dUcenH truss GacnwgdYlrlMeRkamGMeBIrbs;
bnÞúk.

edIm,IkMNt;sßirPaBxagkñúgén truss pSM eKcaM)ac;dwgBIviFIénkartP¢ab;rvag trusssamBaØ. ]Ta-

hrN_ truss pSMenAkñúgrUbTI 3-16 KμansßirPaBedaysarkartP¢ab; truss ABC samBaØxag kñúgeTAnwg
truss DEF xageRkAedayr)arbI AD, BE nig CF EdlRbsBVKñaRtg;cMNuc O. dUcenHkmøaMgxageRkA

EdlGnuvtþenARtg;tMN A, B b¤ C GaceFVI[ truss ABC vil)antictYc.

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -70

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RbsinebI truss Ca truss saMjúaM eKminGacniyayfavamansßirPaBedaykarGegáteT. ]Ta-

hrN_ eyIgGaceXIjBIkarviPaKEdlmanerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 3-7 fa truss saMjúaMenAkñúgrUbTI 3-17
KμansßirPaB b¤manTRmg;eRKaHfñak;RbsinebI d = d’. RbsinebI d ≠ d ' enaHvanwgmansßirPaB.

eyIgGackMNt;BIsßirPaBrbs; truss RKb;TRmg;eday[kMuBüÚT½redaHRsayRbB½n§smIkar 2j Edl

sresrsRmab;RKb;tMNTaMgGs;rbs; truss. RbsinebIeyIgminGacTTYllT§pl enaHmann½yfa truss
enaHKμansßirPaB b¤manTRmg;eRKaHfñak;.
RbsinebIeKminGacRbtþibtþikarviPaKtamkMuBüÚT½r eKGaceRbIviFIEdlmanerobrab;BIelIkmunedIm,I
RtYtBinitüsßirPaBrbs; truss. Cakarsegçb RbsinebI truss manr)arcMnYn b/ kmøaMgRbtikmμ r nigtMN
cMnYn j enaHRbsinebI
b+r <2j KμansßirPaB
b+r ≥2j KμansßirPaBRbsinebIkmøaMgRbtikmμRbsBVKña
b¤RsbKña b¤RbsinebIbgÁúM Ggát;rbs; truss
begáIt)anCa collapsible mechanism. (3-2)

RbsinebI truss KμansßirPaB eKmincaM)ac;KitBIkarkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤minkMNt;edaysþaTiceT.

eyIgeXIjy:agc,as;fa eyIgRtUveCosva truss EdlKμansßirPaBenAkñúgkarGnuvtþ.
]TahrN_ 3-1³ cat;cMNat;fñak; truss nImYy²enAkñúgrUbTI 3-18 Ca truss mansßirPaB b¤KμansßirPaB
kMNt;edaysþaTic b¤minkMNt;edaysþaTic. Truss rgbnÞúkxageRkAEdleKsnμt;fasÁal; ehIyGacman
GMeBIenARKb;TItaMgenAelI truss.
dMeNaHRsay³
rUbTI 3-18a³ Truss enHmansßirPaBxageRkA edaysarkmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;vaminRbsBVKña nigminRsb
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -71
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Kña. eday truss man b = 19 / r = 3 / j = 11 enaH b + r = 2 j b¤ 22 = 22 . dUcenHvaCa truss kMNt;

edaysþaTic. tamkarGegátvaCa truss mansßirPaBxagkñúg.

rUbTI 3-18b³ Truss enHmansßirPaBxageRkA. eday b = 15 / r = 4 / j = 9 enaH b + r > 2 j b¤

19 > 18 . dUcenHvaCa truss minkMNt;edaysþaTic 1 dWeRk. tamkarGegátvaCa truss mansßirPaBxag

kñúg.

rUbTI 3-18c³ Truss enHmansßirPaBxageRkA. eday b = 9 / r = 3 / j = 6 enaH b + r = 2 j b¤

12 = 12 . dUcenHvaCa truss kMNt;edaysþaTic. tamkarGegátvaCa truss mansßirPaBxagkñúg.

rUbTI 3-18d³ Truss enHmansßirPaBxageRkA. eday b = 12 / r =3 / j =8 enaH b+r < 2j b¤

15 < 16 . Truss minmansßirPaBxagkñúg.

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -72

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#>#> viFItMN (The method of Joint)

RbsinebI truss sßitenAkñúgsßanPaBmanlMnwg enaHtMNrbs;vanImYy²k¾sßitkñúgsßanPaBlMnwgEdr.
dUcenH viFItMNpSMRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaybMeBjnUvlkçxNÐlMnwg ∑ Fx = 0 nig ∑ Fy = 0 sRmab;kmøaMg
EdlmanGMeBIenAelIsnøak;Rtg;tMNnImYy²rbs; truss.
enAeBleRbIviFItMN eKcaM)ac;RtUvKUrdüaRkamrbs;tMNnImYy²munnwgGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg. rMlwkfa
ExSskmμénkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;nImYy²EdleFVIGMeBIenAelItMNRtUvykecjBIragFrNImaRtrbs; truss, eday
sarkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rt;tamG½kSrbs;Ggát;. ]TahrN_ eKmantMN B én truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-19a.
BIdüaRkamGgÁesrI ¬rUbTI 3-19b¦ GBaØatCaTMhMrbs;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BA nig BC . dUcbgðajenAkñúg
rUb FBA TajtMN EdlbgðajfaGgát; BA rgkarTaj cMENkÉ FBC rujtMN Cavi)akGgát; BC rgkar
sgát;. \T§iBlenHbgðajy:agc,as;edayeRbIviFImuxkat; nigdak;[tMNenAdac;edayELkBIKñaCamYy
nwgkMNat;Ggát;d¾xøIEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgtMNenaH ¬rUbTI 3-19c¦. cMNaMfa karruj nigkarTajenAelIkMNat;
Ggát;d¾xøIbgðajBI\T§iBlénGgát;Edlrgkarsgát; b¤karTaj.
enARKb;krNITaMgGs; karviPaKtMNKUrcab;epþImenARtg;tMNNaEdlmankmøaMgEdlsÁal;y:agtic
bMputmYy nigkmøaMgEdlGacGBaØaty:ageRcInbMputBIr dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-19b. tamviFIenH kar
GnuvtþsmIkar ∑ Fx = 0 nig ∑ Fy = 0 pþl;nUvsmIkarBiCKNitcMnYnBIrEdlGac[eyIgedaHRsayrk)an
kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØatcMnYnBIr. enAeBlGnuvtþsmIkarTaMgenH eKGackMNt;TisedARtwmRtUvrbs;GBaØat
EdlCakmøaMgedayeRbIviFIBIr.

!> snμt;kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;EdlCaGBaØatEdleFVIGMeBIenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;tMNCakmøaMgTaj.
RbsinebIvaEbbnwgEmn enaHdMeNaHRsayCatémøelxénsmIkarlMnwgnwg[CatémøviC¢man sRmab;
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -73
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ral;Ggát;EdlrgkarTaj ehIy[CatémøGviC¢mansRmab;ral;Ggát;TaMgLayNaEdl rgkarsgát;.

enAeBlEdlkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;EdlCaGBaØatRtUv)ankMNt;ehIy eRbITMhM nigTisedARtwmRtUvrbs;
vasRmab;düaRkamGgÁesrIéntMNbnÞab;.
@> enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn eKGackMNt;TisedAd¾RtwmRtUvrbs;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;EdlCaGBaØatedaykar
Gegát. ]TahrN_ FBC enAkñúgrUbTI 3-19b RtUvEtrujtMN ¬sgát;¦ edaysarbgÁúMkmøaMgedk
rbs;va FBC sin 45o RtUvTUTat;CamYynwgkmøaMgGnuvtþn_ 500kN ¬ ∑ Fx = 0 ¦. dUcKña FBA Ca
kmøaMgTaj edaysarvaTUTat;CamYynwgbgÁúMkmøaMgbBaÄr FBC cos 45o ¬ ∑ Fy = 0 ¦. enAkñúgkrNI
EdlsμúKsμajCagenH eKGacsnμt;TisedAénkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;EdlCaGBaØat bnÞab;mkeRkayBI
GnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg eKGacEkERbTisedAEdlsnμt;eTAtamlT§plCaelxEdlTTYl)an. cemøIy
viC¢manbgðajfaTisedAEdlsnμt;KWRtwmRtUv cMENkÉcemøIyGviC¢manbgðajfaeKRtUvRtLb;Tis
edAEdlbgðajenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrI. enHCaviFIEdleyIgnwgeRbIenAkñúg]TahrN_xageRkam.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkamenHpþl;nUvmeFüa)aysRmab;karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFItMN.
 sg;düaRkamGgÁesrIéntMNEdlmankmøaMgEdlsÁal;y:agticmYy nigGBaØatEdlCakmøaMgy:ag
eRcInBIr. ¬RbsinebItMNenHenARtg;TRmNamYy eKcaM)ac;RtUvKNnaRbtikmμenARtg;TRmeday
eRbIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs; truss TaMgmUl¦.
 eRbIviFImYykñúgcMeNamviFITaMgBIrEdlBiBN’naxagelIsRmab;snμt;TisedArbs;GBaØatEdlCakmøaMg.
 eKRtUvkMNt;G½kS x nigG½kS y y:agNaedIm,IgayRsYledaHRsaybgÁúMkmøaMgtamG½kS x nigtam
G½kS y enAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrI. GnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgBIr ∑ Fx = 0 nig ∑ Fy = 0 edIm,IkMNt;
kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;EdlCaGBaØat ehIyepÞógpÞat;TisedAsnμt;rbs;va.
 bnþkarviPaKtMNdéTeTot EteKcaM)ac;RtUveRCIserIstMNNaEdlmanGBaØaty:ageRcInBIr nigman
kmøaMgEdlsÁal;y:agticmYy.
 eKeRbIkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;BIkarviPaKtMNRtg;cugmçagrbs;Ggát;BIelIkmunedIm,IviPaKkmøaMgEdl
manGMeBIenAelItMNenAcugmçageTotrbs;va. eKRtUvcgcaMfa Ggát;rgkarsgát;rujtMN ehIyGgát;
rgkarTajTajtMN.

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]TahrN_ 3-2³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;nImYy²rbs; dMbUldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-20a.

truss

bgðajfaGgát;rgkarTaj b¤sgát;. eK[kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;tMN.

dMeNaHRsay³
eKcaM)ac;kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;EtcMnYnBak;kNþalEtb:ueNÑaH edaysar
truss enHman lkçN³sIuemRTITaMgbnÞúk nigragFrNImaRt. tMN A / rUbTI

3-20b/ eyIgGaccab;epþImkarviPaKenARtg;tMN A . ehtuGVI?

düaRkamGgÁesrIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-20b.
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 / 4 − FAG sin 30 o = 0 FAG = 8kN (C )
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 / FAB − 8 cos 30 o = 0 FAB = 6.93kN (T )

tMN G / rUbTI 3-20c/ enAkñúgkrNIenH cMNaMBIrebobkMNt;Tisrbs;

G½kS x nig y edIm,IeCosvagRbB½n§smIkar
+ ∑ Fy = 0 FGB − 3 cos 30 o = 0 FGB = 2.60kN (C )

+ ∑ Fx = 0 / 8 − 3 sin 30 o − FGF = 0

FGF = 6.50kN (C )
tMN B / rUbTI 3-20d/
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 / FBF sin 60 o − 2.60 sin 60 o = 0

FBF = 2.60kN (T )
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 / FBC + 2.60 cos 60 o + 2.6 cos 60 o − 6.93 = 0

FBC = 4.33kN (T )

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -75

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 3-3³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss

dMbUldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-21a. bgðajfaGgát;rgkarTaj b¤

sgát;. eK[kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;tMN.
dMeNaHRsay³
FñwmenHRtUv)anedaHRsaydUcxageRkam.
tMN E / rUbTI 3-21b/ cMNaMfa eKGaceCosvagkaredaHRsay
RbB½n§smIkaredayeRCIserIsTis[G½kS x nig y .
+ ∑ Fy = 0 / 764 cos 30 o − FED sin 15 o = 0

FED = 2557 N (C )
+ ∑ Fx = 0 / 2557 cos15 o − FEF − 764 sin 30 o = 0

FEF = 2088 N (T )
tMN D / rUbTI 3-21c/
+ ∑ Fx = 0 − FDF sin 75 o = 0 FDF = 0

+ ∑ Fy = 0 − FDC + 2557 = 0

FDC = 2557 N (C )
tMN C / rUbTI 3-21d/
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 FCB sin 45o − 2557 sin 45o = 0

FCB = 2557 N (C )
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − FCF − 700 + 2(2557 )cos 45o = 0 FCF = 2916 N (T )

tMN B / rUbTI 3-21e/

+ ∑ Fy = 0 FBF sin 75 o − 800 = 0 FBF = 828 N (C )

+ ∑ Fx = 0 2557 + 828 cos 75o − FBA = 0 FBA = 2771N (C )

tMN A / rUbTI 3-21f/
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 FAF cos 30 o − 2771cos 45 o − 566 = 0 FAF = 2916 N (T )
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 502 − 2771sin 45o + 2916 sin 30 o = 0 epÞógpÞat;
eKGaceFIVkarepÞógpÞat;bEnßmeTotedayeFVIkarviPaKtMN F .

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#>$> Ggát;kmøaMgsUnü (Zero-Force Members)

eKGacsRmYlkargarviPaK truss EdleRbIviFItMN RbsinebIeKGackMNt;CaCMhandMbUgral;Ggát;
TaMgLayNaEdlminrgkmøaMg. Ggát;kmøaMgsUnüTaMgGs;enHmansar³sMxan;sRmab;sßirPaBrbs; truss
kñúgGMLúgeBlsagsg; nigpþl;CaTRmRbsinebIbnÞúkGnuvtþn_RtUv)anpøas;bþÚr. CaTUeTA eKGackMNt;Ggát;
kmøaMgsUnürbs; truss edaykarGegáttMN ehIyvaekItmanBIrkrNI.
krNITI1³ BicarNa truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-22a. Ggát;BIrEkgKñaenARtg;tMN C ehIyminmanbnÞúkxag
eRkAenARtg;tMNenaH. düaRkamGgÁesrIéntMN C ¬rUbTI 3-22b¦ bgðajfakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²
esμIsUnüedIm,IrkSalMnwg. elIsBIenH dUcenAkñúgkrNItMN A ¬rUbTI 3-22c¦ vaBitCaRtwmRtUvedaymin
xVl;BImMu ¬Gacniyayfaθ ¦rvagGgát;EdlpÁúMKña.

krNITI2³ Ggát;kmøaMgsUnük¾ekItmanenARtg;tMNEdlmanlkçN³FrNImaRtdUctMN D enAkñúgrUbTI 3-

23a. enATIenH minmankmøaMgxageRkAeFVIGMeBIelItMN dUcenHplbUkkmøaMgtamTis y ¬rUbTI 3-23b¦
EdlEkgeTAnwgGgát;BIrrt;elIbnÞat;EtmYy TamTar[ FDF = 0 . edayeRbIlT§plenH FC k¾CaGgát;
kmøaMgsUnü dUcbgðajedaykarviPaKkmøaMgéntMN F ¬rUbTI 3-23c¦.

Casegçb RbsinebIGgát;BIrEdlminsßitenAelIbnÞat;EtmYybegáItCatMN truss ehIyminmanrg

GMeBIbnÞúkxageRkA b¤kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm enaHGgát;TaMgBIrenaHCaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü ¬krNITI1¦. ehIy
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -77
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RbsinebI Ggát;bIbegáIttMN truss mYyEdlkñúgenaHGgát;BIrsßitenAelIbnÞat;EtmYy enaHGgát;TIbICaGgát;

kmøaMgsUnü RbsinebIminmanbnÞúkxageRkA b¤kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmmanGMeBIenARtg;tMNenaH ¬krNITI2¦. eK
RtUvmankarBiinitüemIllkçN³FrNImaRt nigkarrgbnÞúkenARtg;tMN edaysarkarviPaK truss RtUv)an
sRmYly:ageRcInedaysarsÁal;Ggát;kmøaMgsUnü.
]TahrN_ 3-4³ edayeRbIviFItMN bgðajRKb;GgÁt;
TaMgLayNaenAkñúg truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-
24a CaGgát;EdlmankmøaMgkñúgesμIsUnü .
dMeNaHRsay³ edayrktMNEdlmanlkçN³Rsedog
nwgtMNEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-22 nig 3-23.
eyIgman
tMN D / rUbTI 3-24b
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 / FDC sin θ = 0 FDC = 0
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 / FDE + 0 = 0 FDE = 0

tMN E / rUbTI 3-24c

+
← ∑ Fx = 0 / FEF = 0

¬cMNaMfa FEC = P ehIykarviPaKtMN C nwg pþl;nUvkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; CF ¦

tMN H / rUbTI 3-24d
+ ∑ Fy = 0 / FHB = 0

tMN G / rUbTI 3-24e/ enARtg;TRm rocker G manEtbgÁúMkmøaMgtamG½kS x b:ueNÑaHmanGMeBIenARtg;tMN

enH eBalKW Gx . dUcenH
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 / FGA = 0

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -78

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#>%> viFImuxkat; (The method of Section)

RbsinebIeKcg;kMNt;EtkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;xøH CaTUeTAviFImuxkat;pþl;nUvmeFüa)aykñúgkarTTYl)an
kmøaMgTaMgenaHedaypÞal;. viFImuxkat;CaviFIekIteLIgedaykarkat; truss enaHCaBIrcMENk. RbsinebI
truss TaMgmUlsßitenAkñúgsßanPaBlMnwg enaHEpñkTaMgBIreRkayeBlEdlkat;k¾sßitenAkñúgsßanPaBlMnwg

Edr ehIyCalT§pl eKRtUvGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgcMnYnbIeTAelIEpñkNamYyén truss Edlkat;rYc edIm,I

kMNt;rkkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;enARtg;muxkat;enaH.
enAeBlEdleKeRbIviFImuxkat;edIm,IKNnakmøaMgenAkñúgrbs;Ggát; eKRtUveFVIkarseRmcBIrebobkat;
truss enaH. edaysareKGacGnuvtþEtsmIkarlMnwgbIEdlÉkraCüBIKña¬ ∑ Fx = 0 / ∑ Fy = 0 nig ∑ M O

= 0 ¦eTAelIEpñkrbs; truss Edlkat;rYc CaTUeTAeKRtUveRCIserIsmuxkat;NaEdlminmankmøaMgkñúgrbs;

Ggát;EdlCaGBaØtelIsBIbI. ]TahrN_ cUrBicarNa truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-25a. RbsinebIeKRtUvkar

kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GC karkat;tammuxkat; aa KWsaksmbMput. düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;EpñkTaMgBIr
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-25b nig 3-25c. cMNaMfa ExSskmμénkmøaMgnImYy²enAkñúgGgát;Edl
kat;RtUv)ankMNt;BIlkçN³FrNImaRtrbs; truss edaysarkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;sßitenAelIG½kSrbs;Ggát;.
ehIykmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenAcugmçagrbs;Ggát; truss mantémøesμIKña EtmanTispÞúyKñanwgkmøaMgEdlman
GMeBIenAelIcugmçageTotrbs;Ggát;dEdlenaH ¬c,ab;TIbIrbs;jÚtun¦. dUckarbgðaj eKsnμt;[Ggát; BC
nig GC rgkarTaj ÉGgát; GF rgkar sgát;.

eKGacTTYlkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;EdlCaGBaØat FBC / FGC nig FGF edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgbI

eTAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 3-25b. b:uEnþ RbsinebIeKBicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 3-
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -79
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

25c eKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm Dx / D y nig E x CadMbUgsin. ehtuGVI? ¬eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ

TRmTaMgbIedayBicarNaeTAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs; truss TaMgmUl¦. enAeBlGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg eK
RtUvBicarNaBIviFIsresrsmIkary:agNaedIm,ITTYl)andMeNaHRsaysRmab;GBaØatnImYy²edaypÞal;
edayeCosvagkaredaHRsayRbB½n§smIkar. ]TahrN_ plbUkm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc C enAkñúgrUbTI 3-
25b Gac[eyIgTTYl)andMeNaHRsaysRmab; FGF edaypÞal; edaysar FBC nig FGC begáIt
m:Um:g;sUnüenARtg;cMNuc C . dUcKña eKGacTTYl)an FBC edaypÞal;edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc G .
cugeRkay eKGayrk FGC edaypÞal;BIplbUkkmøaMgtamTisQr edaysar FGF nig FBC minman
bgÁúMkmøaMgbBaÄr.
dUcenAkñúgviFItMN eKmanviFIBIrEdleKGackMNt;TisedAd¾RtwmRtUvrbs;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;EdlCa
GBaØat.
 snμt;kmøaMgkñúgEdlCaGBaØatTaMgGs;enARtg;kEnøgEdlkat;CaGgát;rgkarTaj. edaykarGnuvtþ
EbbenH dMeNaHRsayCaelxénsmIkarlMnwgEdlmantémøviC¢manbgðajfaGgát;rgkarTaj
ehIyRcasmkvijtémøGviC¢manrbs;dMeNaHRsaybgðajfaGgát;rgkarsgát;.
 enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn eKGackMNt;TisedAd¾RtwmRtUvrbs;kmøaMgkñúgEdlCaGBaØatedaykarGegát.
]TahrN_ FBC CakmøaMgTajdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-25b edaysarsmIkarm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc G
TamTar[ FGC begáItm:Um:g;EdlpÞúyeTAnwgm:Um:g;EdlbegáItedaykmøaMg 1000 N . ehIy
FGC CakmøaMgTaj edaysarbgÁúMkmøaMgbBaÄrrbs;RtUvEtTUTat;CamYynwgkmøaMg 1000 N . sRmab;

krNIEdlsμKú sμaj eKRtUvsnμt;TisedArbs;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat. RbsinebIdMeNaHRsay [Ca

témøGviC¢man vabgðajfaTisedArbs;kmøaMgpÞúyeTAnwgGIVEdlbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkamGgÁesrI. va
CaviFIEdleyIgnwgeRbIenAkñúg]TahrN_xageRkam.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

xageRkamCaCMhanEdlpþl;CameFüa)aysRmab;GnuvtþviFImuxkat;edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
rbs; truss.
düaRkamGgÁesrI (Free-body diagram)
 kat; truss CaBIrcMENkRtg;kEnøgEdlRtUvkarkMNt;kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
 munnwgpþac;cMENkrbs; truss Edlkat; dMbUgeyIgcaM)ac;kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμrbs; truss dUcenHeK
GaceRbIsmIkarlMnwgEtbIedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;enARtg;muxkat;Edlkat;rYc.
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -80
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

 KUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIénEpñkrbs; truss Edlkat;rYcEdlmankmøaMgmYycMnYnmanGMeBIelIva.

 eRbIviFImYykñúgcMeNamviFITaMgBIrEdlerobrab;xagelIedIm,IedATisedArbs;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat.
smIkarlMnwg (Equations of equilibrium)
 eKKYreFVIplbUkm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNucNaEdlsßitenARtg;TIRbCMuénExSskmμrbs;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat
cMnYnBIr tamviFIenHeKGackMNt;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØatTIbIedaypÞal;BIrsmIkarenH.
 RbsinebIkmøaMgEdlCaGBaØatBIrRsbKña eKRtUveFVIplbUkkmøaMgtamTisEdlEkgeTAnwgkmøaMg
TaMgBIrenaHedIm,ITTYl)ankmøaMgEdlCa GBaØatTIbIedaypÞal;.

]TahrN_ 3-5³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; CF

nig GC rbs; truss dMbUlEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-
26a. bgðajfaGgát;rgkmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;.
RbtikmμTRmRtUv)aneK[.
dMeNaHRsay³
Ggát; CF
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ eKGacTTYlkmøaMgenAkñúgrbs;Ggát; CF
edayBicarNamuxkat; aa enAkñúgrUbTI 3-26a. düaRkam
GgÁesrIénEpñkxagsþaMrbs;muxkat;enHRtUv)an bgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 3-26b.
smIkarlMnwg³ eKGacTTYl)andMeNaHRsayedaypÞal;
sRmab; FCF edayGnuvtþ ∑ M E = 0 . ehtuGVI? edIm,Igay
RsYlyl; eyIgnwgrMkil FCF eTAcMNuc C ¬eKalkarN_énPaBGacbBa¢Ún)an¦ rUbTI 3-26b. dUcenH
+ ∑ME = 0 − FCF sin 30o (4 ) + 1.50(2.31) = 0

FCF = 1.73kN (C )
Ggát; GC
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ eKGacTTYlkmøaMgenAkñúgrbs;Ggát; GC
edayBicarNamuxkat; bb enAkñúgrUbTI 3-26a. muxkat;kat;
Ggát;cMnYnbYn b:uEnþkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GC RtUv)anKNnarYc.
düaRkamGgÁesrIénEpñkxageqVgrbs;muxkat;enHRtUv)anbgðaj
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -81
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

enAkñúgrUbTI 3-26c.
smIkarlMnwg³ eKeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc A edIm,Ilb;bM)at;GBaØat FHG nig FCD . edayrMkil FCF
¬1.73kN ¦ eTAcMNuc C eyIg)an
+∑MA = 0 − 1.50(2.31) + FGC (4 ) − 1.73 sin 30o (4 ) = 0

FGC = 1.73kN (T )

]TahrN_ 3-6³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; GF nig GD rbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-27a.

bgðajfaGgát;rgkarTaj b¤rgkarsgát;. eK[kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm.

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ eKnwgBicarNamuxkat; aa enAkñúgrUbTI 3-27a. ehtuGVI? düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;mux
kat;xagsþaMRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-27b. eKGackMNt;cMgay EO edayRtIekaNdUc b¤edaydwg
faGgát; GF manRbEvgRbeyalbBaÄresμInwg 4.5 − 3 = 1.5m nigmanRbEvgRbeyaledk 3m ¬rUbTI 3-
27a¦. dUcenH edIm,I)anRbEvg 4.5m edayvas;BIcMNuc G cuHeRkam enaHcMgayBIcMNuc C eTAcMNuc O
RtUvmanRbEvg 9m . ehIy mMuEdlpÁúMrvag FGD CamYynwgbnÞat;edkKW tan −1(4.5 / 3) = 56.3o ehIymMuEdl
pÁúM rvag FGF CamYynwgbnÞat;edkKW tan −1(4.9 − 9) = 26.6o .
smIkarlMnwg³ eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; GF edaypÞal;edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg ∑ M D = 0 .
ehtuGVI? sRmab;karKNna eKRtUvrMkilkmøaMg FGF eTAcMNuc O . dUcenH
+ ∑MD = 0 − FGF sin 26.6o (6 ) + 7(3) = 0

FGF = 7.83kN (C )
eKGackMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GD edaypÞal;edayGnuvtþ ∑ M O = 0 . edIm,IgayRsYlkñúgkarKNna
rMkilkmøaMg FGD eTAcMNuc D . dUcenH
+ ∑ MO = 0 − 7(3) + 2(6 ) + FGD sin 56.3o (6 ) = 0

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -82

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

FGD = 1.80kN (C )

]TahrN_ 3-7³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; BC nig MC rbs; K-truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-28a.

bgðajfaGgát;rgkarTaj b¤rgkarsgát;. eK[kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm.

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ eTaHbICamuxkat; aa EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-28a
kat;4Ggát;k¾edayk¾eKmanlT§PaBedaHRsayrkkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
BC edayeRbImuxkat;enH. düaRkamGgÁesrIénEpñkxageqVgrbs; truss

RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-28b.
smIkarlMnwg³ kareFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc L GaceCosvagGBaØatbI
dUcenH
+ ∑ML = 0 − 14.5(4.5) + FBC (6 ) = 0

FBC = 10.9kN (T )
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgenAkñúg MC edayminpÞal;
edaydMbUgeyIgRtUvKNnakmøaMgenAkñúg MB BIsmIkarkmøaMgbBaÄr
enARtg;tMN B ¬rUbTI 3-28c¦enaHeyIgTTYl)an FMB = 6kN (T ) .
bnÞab;mkBIdüaRkamGgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 3-28b eyIg)an
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 14.5 − 6 + 6 − FML = 0

FML = 14.5kN (T )
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenHdüaRkamGgÁesrIéntMN M RtUv)anbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 3-28d.
smIkarlMnwg³
+ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
→ ∑ Fx = 0 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ FMC − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ FMK = 0
⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 14.5 − 6 − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ FMC − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ FMK = 0
⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -83
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

FMK = 7.66kN (C ) FMC = 7.66kN (T )

eBlxøH ¬dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_enH¦ karGnuvtþTaMgvIFImuxkat; nigTaMgviFItMN[eKGacedaHRsay
]TahrN_enHdaypÞal;.
eKk¾GacedaHRsayrkkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; MC edayeRbIlT§pl FBC pgEdr. enAkñúgkrNIenH
kat; truss tamGgát; LK / MK / MC nig BC ¬rUbTI 3-28a¦. pþac;muxkat;xageqVg nigGnuvtþsmIkar
∑MK = 0.

#>^> Truss pSM (Compound Truss)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 3.2 eKerobrab;fa truss pSMRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaytP¢ab; truss samBaØBIr b¤
eRcInedayGgát;r)ar b¤edaytMN. eBlxøH eKRtUvkarviPaK truss EbbenHedayGnuvtþviFITaMgBIrEdl)an
erobrab;xagelI. edIm,IgayRsYl dMbUgeKKYrdwgBIRbePTénkarsagsg; truss pSMenHdUc)anerobrab;enA
kñúgkfaxNÐ 3.2 bnÞab;mkeTIbcab;epþImeFVIkarviPaKedayeRbIdMeNIrkarEdlENnaMxageRkam.
dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)
RbePTTI1 truss samBaØEdlRtUv)antP¢ab;bBa©ÚlKñaedaytMNFmμta nigedayGgát;r)ar³ dMbUgeKRtUvkM-
Nt;Rbtikmμrbs; truss nigbnÞab;mk edayeRbIviFImuxkat; kat; truss Rtg;Ggát;EdltP¢ab; truss samBaØ
TaMgBIr dUcenHeKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;enaHenAeBleKKitdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Epñk truss
Edlkat;enaH. enAeBleKTTYl)ankmøaMgenaHrYcehIy eKGaceFVIkarviPaK truss samBaØedayeRbIviFItMN
¬emIl]TahrN_ 3-8¦.
RbePTTI2 truss samBaØEdlRtUv)antP¢ab;KñaedayeRbIGgát;r)arcMnYnbI³ dMbUgeKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ
EdlmanGMeBIelI truss. kat;Ggát;r)arTaMgbIEdltP¢ab; truss samBaØTaMgBIr. BIdüaRkamGgÁesrIénEpñk
Edlkat;NamYy kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;TaMgbIenaH. bnþkarviPaK truss samBaØedayeRbIviFItMN
¬emIl]TahrN_ 3-9¦.
RbePTTI3 truss samBaØEdlRtUv)aneRbICa truss rgsRmab;CMnYsGgát;emrbs; truss em³ eTaHbICa
eyIgGacviPaK truss RbePTenHedayeRbIviFImuxkat;CamYynwgviFItMNk¾eday eyIgnwgeRbIviFIEdlman
lkçN³TUeTACagCMnYsvij. dMbUg eyIgRtUvCMnYs truss rgedayGgát;EdltagedaybnÞat;dac; dUcenH
truss pSMnwgkøayCa truss samBaØ. kmøaMgEdl truss rgGnuvtþeTAelI truss emRtUv)andak;enARtg;tMN

EdltP¢ab;rvag truss rgCamYynwg truss em. kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;bnÞat;dac;edayeRbIviFImuxkat; b¤

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -84

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

viFItMN. bnÞab;mk eyIgGnuvtþkmøaMgEdlrk)aneTAelItMNrbs; truss rg ehIybnÞab;mkedayeRbIviFI

tMN eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs; truss rg ¬emIl]TahrN_ 3-10¦.
]TahrN_ 3-8³ bgðajBIrebobviPaK truss pSMEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-29a. eK[kmøaMgRbtikmμenA
Rtg;tMN.

dMeNaHRsay³ vaCa truss pSMRbePTTI1 edaysar truss samBaØ

ACH nig CEG RtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNenARtg;tMN C nigr)ar HG .
muxkat; aa enAkñúgrUbTI 3-29a kat;Rtg;r)ar HG nigGgát;
BIrepSgeTotEdlmankmøaMgCaGBaØat. düaRkamGgÁesrIsRmab;Epñk
truss xageqVgEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-29b.

eKkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; HG dUcxageRkam³
+ ∑MC = 0 − 5(4 ) + 4(2 ) + FHG (4 sin 60 o ) = 0

FHG = 3.46kN (C )
eyIgGacbnþkarkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss samBaØ
edayeRbIviFItMN. Ca]TahrN_ düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs; truss ACH
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-29c. eKGacviPaKtMNrbs; truss
tamlMdab;lMedaydUcxageRkam³
tMN A ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg AB nig AI .
tMN H ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg HI nig HJ .
tMN I ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg IJ nig IB .
tMN B ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg BC nig BJ .
tMN J ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg JC .
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -85
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 3-9³ bgðajBIrebobviPaK truss pSMEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-30a. eK[kmøaMgRbtikmμ

enARtg;tMN.

dMeNaHRsay³ eKcat;cMNat;fñak;xagelIenHCa truss pSMRbePTTI2 edaysar truss samBaØ ABCD

nig FEHG RtUv)antP¢ab;edayGgát;r)arbI CE / BH / DG EdlminRsbKña nigminRbsBVKña.
edayeRbImuxkat; aa enAkñúgrUbTI 3-30a eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;EdltP¢ab;nImYy².
düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Epñkénmuxkat; truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-30b. dUcenH
+ ∑MB = 0 − 10(2 ) − FDG (2 sin 45 o ) + FCE cos 45o (4 )
+ FCE sin 45 o (2) = 0 (1)
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 10 − 10 − FBH sin 45 o
+ FCE sin 45 o = 0 (2)
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 − FBH cos 45o + FDG
− FCE cos 45 o = 0 (3)
BIsmIkar (2)/ FBH = FCE bnÞab;mkedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkar (1) nig
(3) enaHeyIgTTYl)an

FBE = FCE = 8.9kN (C ) FDG = 12.6kN (T )

eKGaceFIVkarviPaK truss samBaØEdltP¢ab;nImYy²edayeRbIviFItMN.
Ca]TahrN_ BIrUbTI 3-30c eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;én truss
pSMtamlMdab;lMedaydUcxageRkam.
tMN A ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg AB nig AD .
tMN D ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg DC nig DB .
tMN C ³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúg CB .

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -86

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 3-10³ bgðajBIrebobviPaK truss pSMsIuemRTIEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-31a. eK[kmøaMg

RbtikmμenARtg;TRm.

dMeNaHRsay³
eKcat;cMNat;fñak; truss xagelICa truss pSMRbePT
TI3 Edlman truss AGEF nig truss CHED Ca
truss rg ehIy truss ABCD Ca truss em.

edayyk truss rgTaMgBIrecj ¬rUbTI 3-

31b¦ eKRtUvdak;CMnYsRbtikmμrbs;vaEdlmçag²
esμInwg 1.5kN enARtg;tMNsnøak; A nigtMN E
ehIyenARtg;tMN E nigtMN C . eKGackMNt;
kmøaMgRbtikmμ rbs; truss rgTaMgBIrenH)an eday
sarGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeTAelI truss nImYy².
Truss emCamYynwgkardak;bnÞúk 1.5kN RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-31c. eKGackMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúg

Ggát;nImYy²BIviFItMN. Ca]TahrN_ sRmab;tMN A düaRkamGgÁesrIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-31d.

eyIgman
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 4.62 − 1.5 sin 45 o − FAE sin 45 o = 0

FAE = 5.03kN (C )
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 1.5 cos 45 o − 5.03 cos 45 o + FAB = 0

FAB = 2.50kN (T )
edaydwgfa FAE = 5.03kN (C ) eyIgGacGnuvtþkmøaMgEdlCatémøelxenHeTAelI truss rg AGEF
enAkñúgrUbTI 3-31b ehIybnÞab;mkbnþkarviPaKkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss enHedayviFItMN.
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -87
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMNaMfa eKk¾GacviPaKkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-31c edaypÞal;edayeRbI

viFImuxkat;k¾)anEdr. Ca]TahrN_ kat; truss Rtg;Ggát; FE / EG nig AB bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMgkñúg
rbs;Ggát;nImYy²edayeRbIviFItMN.
#>&> Truss saMjúaM (Complex Trusses)
eKGackMNt;kmøaMgxagkñúgGgát;rbs; truss saMjúaMedayeRbIviFItMN b:uEnþeKRtUvkarsresrsmIkar
lMnwgBIrsRmab;RKb;tMNEdlmancMnYn j rbs; truss ehIybnÞab;mkedaHRsaysMnMuRbB½n§smIkarcMnYn 2 j . 1

viFIenHBitCaBi)aksRmab;karKNnaedayéd CaBiesssRmab;krNI truss FM². dUcenH viFIEdlman

lkçN³pÞal;sRmab;viPaK truss saMjúaMKWviFICMnYsGgát; (method of substitute members) ehIyviFIwenH
RtUv)anykmkerobrab;enATIenH.
dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)
eyagtam truss enAkñúgrUbTI 3-32a, xageRkamCaCMhancaM)ac;edIm,IedaHRsayrkkmøaMgkñúg
rbs;Ggát;edayeRbIviFICMnYsGgát;.

kareFVI[vaeTACa truss samBaØsßirPaB. kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm nigcab;epþImviPaKkmøaMgkñúg

rbs;Ggát;edayeRbIviFItMN. eKRtUvCMnYsedayGgát;nimitþcMnYnmYy enARtg;tMNNaEdlmanGBaØatEdl
CakmøaMgcMnYnbI. kareFVIEbbenH KWeKeFVI[ truss køayCa truss samBaØsßirPaB.
Ca]TahrN_ enAkñúgrUbTI 3-32a eyIgsegÁteXIjfatMNnImYy²mankmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;Ca
GBaØatcMnYnbImanGMeBIelIva. dUcenH eyIgnwgykGgát; AD ecj ehIyCMnYsvaedayGgát;nimitþ EC ¬rUbTI
1
eKGaceRbIviFIenHedaymanCMnYyBIkMuBüÚT½rEdlnwgmanbgðajenAkñúgCMBUkTI14.
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -88
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

3-32b¦. eKGacviPaK truss enaHedayviFItMNsRmab;bnÞúkTaMgBIrRbePTdUcxageRkam.

kmøaMgxageRkAenAelI truss samBaس dak;bnÞúkCak;EsþgenAelI truss samBaØ bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMg S'i
enAkñúgGgát; i . enAkñúgrUbTI 3-32b/ kñúgkrNIEdleKkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμrYc eKGaccab;epþImkar viPaK
truss Rtg;tMN AD edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; AB nig AF bnÞab;mkviPaKtMN F edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMg

enAkñúgGgát; FE nig FC bnÞab;mkeTotviPaKtMN D edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; DE nig DC ¬Ggát;

TaMgBIrenHCaGgát;EdlmankmøaMgsUnü¦ ehIybnÞab;mkeTot viPaKtMN E edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;
EB nig EC ehIycugeRkay viPaKtMN B edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BC .

ykkmøaMgxageRkAecjBI truss samBaس BicarNa truss samBaØEdlminmankmøaMgxageRkA. dak;bnÞúk

mYyÉktþaenARtg;tMNTaMgBIrEdleyIg)anykGgát;ecj edaybnÞúkÉktþaenaHmanTisedApÞúyKña. Rbsin
ebIbnÞúkÉktþaenHbegáItkmøaMg Si enAkñúgGgát; truss TI i enaHedaysmamaRt kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat x enA
kñúgGgát;EdlykecjnwgeFVI[Ggát;TI i rgkmøaMg xsi .
BIrUbTI 3-32c/ bnÞúkÉktþanwgminbegáIt[mankmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nigTRm C enA
eBlEdlGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeTAelI truss TaMgmUl. eKGackMNt;kmøaMg si edayviPaKtMNtamlMdab;lM
edaydUcelIkmun eBalKWcab;epþImBItMN A bnÞab;mktMN F / tMN D / tMN E nigcugeRkaytMN B .
eFVItRmYtpl (superposition)³ RbsinebIeKpÁÜb\T§iBlrbs;bnÞúkTaMgBIrxagelI
kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TI i rbs; truss nwgkøayCa³
S i = S 'i + xsi (1)
sRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nimitþ EC enAkñúgrUbTI 3-32b KW S EC = S ' EC + xsEC . edaysar enAkñúg
truss Cak;EsþgminmanGgát;nimitþenH dUcenHeyIgRtUveRCIserIstémørbs; x EbbNaEdlvanwgeFVI[Ggát;

nimitþCaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü. dUcenH
S ' EC + xs EC = 0 (2)
b¤ x = −S ' EC / s EC . enAeBlEdlkMNt;témørbs; x rYcehIy enaHeKGackMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs;
truss saMjúaMBIsmIkar (1).

]TahrN_ 3-11³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss saMjúaMEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-33a.

snμt;tMN B / F nig D sßitenAelIbnÞat;edk. bgðajnUvsßanPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;nImYy².
dMeNaHRsay³
eFVI[ truss køayCa truss samBaØmansßirPaB. edaykarGegát tMNnImYy²mankmøaMgEdlCa
GBaØatcMnYnbI . eKGacGnuvtþviFItMNedayédRbsinebIeKykGgát; CF yk ehIyCMnYsGgát; DB vij
karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -89
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

¬rUbTI 3-33b¦. Truss EdlTTYl)anBIkaredaHdUrGgát;mansßirPaB nigmindYlrlM.

KNnakmøaMgkñúgrbs; truss samBaØmansßirPaBeRkamGMeBIkmøaMgxageRkA. dUceXIjenAkñúgrUbTI 3-

33b kmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;TRmRtUv)ankMNt;. edayeRbIviFItMN dMbUgeyIgGacviPaKtMN C edIm,IrkkmøaMg
kñúgrbs;Ggát; CB nig CD . bnÞab;mktMN F EdleyIgeXIjfaGgát; FA nig FE CaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü.
bnÞab;mkeTot viPaKtMN E edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; EB nig ED ehIybnÞab;mkeTot viPaKtMN D
edIm,I kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; DA nig DB ehIycugeRkayviPaKtMN B edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
BA . edaysnμt;fakmøaMgTajviC¢man ehIykmøaMgsgát;GviC¢man enaHkmøaMg S'i RtUv)andak;enAkñúgCYrQr

TI2 éntaragTI 1.
KNnakmøaMgkñúgrbs; truss samBaØsßirPaBedayykkmøaMgxageRkAecj. bnÞúkÉktþaEdlmanGMeBIenA
elIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-33c. kmøaMgEdldUcKña EtmanTisedApÞúyKñamineFVI[ truss man
kmøaMgRbtikmμeT. kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;edayeRbIviFItMNtamlMdab;lMedayEdl)anerobrab;xagelI
eBalKWtMN C / F / E / D nig B . lT§plénkarviPaKkmøaMg si RtUv)andak;enAkñúgCYrQrTI3 rbs;tarag
TI1.
eFVItRmYtpl³ eyIgtRmUv[
S DB = S ' DB + xs DB = 0
edayCMnYstémørbs; S'DB nig s DB Edl S'DB mantémøGviC¢manedaysarvaCakmøaMgsgát; eyIgman
− 10.0 + x(1.167 ) = 0

x = 8.569
témørbs; xsi RtUvbgðajenAkñúgCYrQrTI4 éntaragTI1 ehIykmøaMgrbs;Ggát;Cak;Esþg Si = S 'i + xsi
RtUv)andak;enAkñúgCYrQrTI5.
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -90
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

#>*> Truss kñúglMh (Space Trusses)

kñúglMhpSMeLIgedayGgát;EdltP¢ab;Kña
Truss

enARtg;cugrbs;edIm,IbegáItCarcnasm<½n§man sßirPaBbI
TMhM (stable three-dimension structure). enAkñúg
kfaxNÐTI 3-2 )anbgðajBITRmg;d¾samBaØbMputrbs;
truss mansßirPaBBIrTMhMRtUv)anpSMeLIgedaykarteRmob

Ggát;CaragRtIekaN. tamTRmg;dUcKña rUbragsamBaØ

bMputrbs; truss kñúglMhEdlmansßirPaBKWragctut½l
(tetrahedron) EdlbegáIteLIgeday eRbIGgát;r)arcMnYn6

EdltP¢ab;Kña)antMN4 dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-34.

karEfmGgát;bEnßmeTAelIrag mUldæanenHGaceFVI[va
manGBaØatelIskñúgkarTb;Tl;kmøaMg P . eKGacbegáIt
truss kñúglMhecjBI ragmUldæanctut½ledayEfmGgát;bI

CamYynwgtMNmYyedIm,ITTYl)anctut½lEfmmYyeTot.
PaBkMNt; nigsßirPaB
edaydwgfaenAkñúgbITMhM eKGacmansmIkarlMnwgcMnYnbIsRmab;Ggát;nImYy² ¬ ∑ Fx = 0 / ∑ Fy = 0 /
∑ Fz = 0 ¦ enaHsRmab; truss kñúglMhEdlmantMNcMnYn j eKGacmansmIkarlMnwgcMnYn 3 j . RbsinebI

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -91

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

truss manr)arcMnYn b nigkmøaMgRbtikmμcMnYn r enaHdUckrNIrbs; truss kñúgbøg; ¬smIkar 3-1 nig 3-2¦
eyIgGacsresr
b+r <3 truss KμansßirPaB

b+r =3j truss kMNt;edaysþaTic RtUvRtYtBinitüsßirPaB

b+r >3j truss minkMNt;edaysþaTic RtUvRtYtBinitüsßirPaB (3-3)
sßirPaBxageRkArbs; truss kñúglMhTamTar[kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmrkSalMnwgkmøaMg niglMnwgm:Um:g;rbs;
truss RKb;G½kS. eBlxøHeKGacRtYtBinitüvaedaykarGegát. eBlxøH truss KμansßirPaB EtdMeNaHRsay

rbs;smIkarlMnwgnwg[lT§plminzitezr.
sßirPaBxagkñúgrbs; truss kñúglMhRtUv)anRtYtBinitüy:agRbugRby½tñedaykarGegátBIkarteRmobGgát;.
RbsinebItMNnImYy²manlkçN³bgáb;edayTRm b¤edayGgát;EdltP¢ab; enaHvaminGaccl½t)aneTeFob
nwgtMNepSgeTot ehIy truss enaHRtUv)aneKcat;cMNat;fñak;Ca truss EdlmansßirPaBxagkñúg. ehIy
RbsinebIkareFVIviPaKkmøaMgrbs; truss bgðajlT§plminzitezr enaHmann½yfarUbrag truss enaHminman
sßirPaB b¤k¾manTRmg;eRKaHfñak;.
karsnμt;kñúgkarsikSaKNna³ Ggát;rbs; truss kñúglMhGacCaGgát;rgkmøaMgtamG½kS RbsinebIkmøaMg
xageRkAeFVIGMeBIenARtg;tMN ehIytMNCa ball-and-socket connection. karsnμt;EbbenHBitCaRtwm
RtUv RbsinebIGgát;Edlkat;KñaRtUv)antP¢ab;KñaedaytMNFmμta ehIyeKGacecalTm¶n;rbs;Ggát;)an.
enAkñúgkrNIEdleKKitTm¶n;rbs;Ggát;kñúgkarviPaK CaTUeTAeKKitTm¶n;rbs;CabnÞúkcMcMNucEdlmanTis
bBaÄr edayeK[TMhMrbs;vaBak;kNþalmanGMeBIelIcugsgxagrbs;va.
sRmab;karviPaKkmøaMg CaTUeTAeKeRcIneFVIm:UEDl[TRmCa short link/ plane roller joint,
slotted roller joint b¤ ball-and-socket joint. TRm nigbgÁúMkmøaMgrbs;vanImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg

taragTI 3-1.
bgÁúMkmøaMgtamTis x / y / z ³ edaysarkarviPaK truss kñúglMhCakarviPaKtamlkçN³bITMhM eKcaM)ac;
RtUvbMEbkkmøaMg F enAkñúgGgát;CabgÁúMkmøaMgEdleFVIGMeBItamG½kS x / y nig z . Ca]TahrN_ enAkñúgrUbTI
3-35 Ggát; AB manRbEvg l ehIy x / y / z CaRbEvgRbeyalelIG½kSkUGredaenrbs;va. TMnak;TMng
rvagRbEvgRbeyalCamYynwgRbEvgrbs;Ggát;RtUv)ankMNt;edayrUbmnþ
l = x2 + y2 + z2 (3-4)
edaysarkmøaMg F eFVIGMeBItamG½kSrbs;Ggát; enaHeKGackMNt;bgÁúMrbs;kmøaMg F edaysmamaRtxag
eRkam³
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -92
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -93

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ y⎞ ⎛z⎞
Fx = F ⎜ ⎟ Fy = F ⎜ ⎟ Fz = F ⎜ ⎟ (3-5)
⎝l⎠ ⎝l⎠ ⎝l⎠
cMNaMfa smamaRtxagelItRmUv[
F = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2 (3-6)

kareRbIR)as;smIkarTaMgenHnwgbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_ 3-12.

Ggát;kmøaMgsUnü³ enAkñúgkrNIxøH eKGacsRmYlkarviPaKtMNrbs; truss RbsinebIeKGacsÁal;Ggát;Na

mankmøaMgsUn². kardwgGgát;kmøaMgsUnüGaceFVIeTA)anGaRs½ynwgkrNIFmμtaBIrrbs;ragFrNImaRt
rbs;tMN.
krNITI1³ sRmab;Ggát;TaMgGs;EdltP¢ab;KñaRtg;tMNmYy manGgát;mYyminsßitenAkñúgbøg;CamYynwgGgát;
déT ehIytMNenaHminrgbnÞúkxageRkA enaHGgát;enaHCaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü. karbkRsayBIesckþIEcgenH
manbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-36 EdlGgát; A / B / C sßitenAelIbøg; x − y . edaysarbgÁúMkmøaMgtamTis
z rbs;kmøaMg FD RtUvEtesμInwgsUnüedIm,IbMeBjlkçxNÐsmIkar ∑ Fz = 0 enaHGgát; D RtUvEtCaGgát;

kmøaMgsUnü. tamkarbkRsaydUcKña Ggát; D nwgrgbnÞúkEdlGackMNt;BIsmIkar ∑ Fz = 0 RbsinebI

kmøaMgxageRkAeFVIGMeBIenAelItMN.

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -94

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

krNITI2³ RbsinebIGgát;BIrkñúgcMeNamGgát;epSgeTotEdltP¢ab;KñaenARtg;tMNmYyCaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü
enaHGgát;EdlenAsl;BIrepSgeTotk¾CaGgát;kmøaMgsUnüEdr kñúgkrNIEdlBYkvaminsßitenAelIbnÞat;Et
mYy. sßanPaBEbbenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-37 EdleKdwgfaGgát; A nig C CaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü.
edaysar FD sßitenAelIG½kS y enaHkarGnuvtþén ∑ Fx = 0 b¤ ∑ Fz TamTar[bgÁúMkmøaMgtamG½kS x b¤
G½kS z rbs; FB RtUvEtesμIsUnü. dUcenH FB = 0 . ehIy FD = 0 edaysar ∑ Fy = 0 .

enAeBleFVIkarviPaK truss kñúglMheKRtUvykcitþTukdak;CamYynwgkrNITaMgBIrEdlerobrab;xag

elI edaysarkardwgBIGgát;kmøaMgsUnüsRmYldl;karviPaK truss kñúglMhy:ageRcIn.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

eKGaceRbIviFItMN b¤viFImixkat;edIm,IviPaKkmøaMgkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss kñúglMh.
viFImuxkat;³ RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;xøH eKGaceRbIviFImuxkat;. enAeBleKkat; truss
CaBIrcMENk enaHRbB½n§kmøaMgEdleFVIGMeBIenAlIcMENkén truss nImYy²RtUvEtbMeBjsmIkarlMnwg6KW
∑ Fx = 0 / ∑ Fy = 0 / ∑ Fz = 0 / ∑ M x = 0 / ∑ M y = 0 nig ∑ M z = 0 . edaykareRCIserIsmux

kat; nigG½kSd¾RtwmRtUvsRmab;eFVIplbUkkmøaMg nigm:Um:g; enaHeKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;EdlCa

GBaØatedaypÞal; edayeRbIlMnwgsmIkarEtmYy. sRmab;krNIEbbenH eyIgRtUvcaMfam:Um:g;énkmøaMgRtg;
cMNucmYyesμIsUnü RbsinebIkmøaMgRsbeTAnwgG½kSEdlcMNucenaHsßitenA.
viFItMN³ CaTUeTA vIFIEdlsaksmbMputsRmab;karkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TaMgGs;rbs; truss KWviFItMN.
enAeBleKeRbIviFItMN eKcaM)ac;RtUvedaHRsaysmIkarlMnwgbI ∑ Fx = 0 / ∑ Fy = 0 nig ∑ Fz = 0
sRmab; tMNnImYy². edaysarkarKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrI nigkarGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgmanlkçN³gayRsYl
enaHkar Gnuvtþrbs;vamanlkçN³zitezr.

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -95

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 3-12³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss kñúglMhEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-

38a. Truss RtUv)anRTeday ball-and-socket enARtg;tMN A / slotted roller enARtg;tMN B nig
edaykabenARtg;tMN C .

dMeNaHRsay³
Truss enHkMNt;edaysþaTic edaysar b + r = 3 j
b¤ 9 + 6 = 3(5) / rUbTI 3-38b.
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm³
eyIgGacTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμTRmBIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs; truss
TaMgmUl ¬rUbTI 3-38b¦ dUcxageRkam³
∑M y = 0 − 4(2 ) + B x (4 ) = 0 B x = 2kN

∑Mz = 0 Cy = 0

∑Mx = 0 B y (4 ) − 4(4 ) = 0 B y = 4kN

∑ Fx = 0 2 − Ax = 0 Ax = 2kN
∑ Fy = 0 Ay − 4 = 0 Ay = 4kN

∑ Fz = 0 Az − 4 = 0 Az = 4kN
tMN B ³ eyIgGaccab;epþImviFItMNenARtg;tMN B edaysarva
mankmøaMgEdlCaGBaØatcMnYnbIenARtg;tMNenH ¬rUbTI 3-38c¦.
eyIgGacKNnabgÁúMkmøaMgrbs; FBE edaysmamRteTAnwgRbEvg
rbs;Ggát; BE dUcbgðaj edaysmIkar 3-5. eyIgman
Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -96
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎛4⎞
∑ Fy = 0 − 4 + FBE ⎜ ⎟ = 0 FBE = 6kN (T )
⎝6⎠
⎛2⎞
∑ Fx = 0 2 − FBC − 6⎜ ⎟ = 0 FBC = 0
⎝6⎠
⎛4⎞
∑ Fz = 0 FBA − 6⎜ ⎟ = 0 FBA = 4kN (C )
⎝6⎠
tMN A³ edayeRbIlT§plén FBA = 4kN (C ) . düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;tMN A RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
3-38d. eyIgman
∑ Fz = 0 4 − 4 + FAC sin 45 o = 0 FAC = 0
⎛ 2 ⎞
∑ Fy = 0 − FAE ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 4 = 0 FAE = 4.47 kN (C )
⎝ 5⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
∑ Fx = 0 − 2 + FAD + 4.47⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 0 FAD = 0
⎝ 5⎠
tMN D³ edaykarGegát Ggát;enARtg;tMN D ¬rUbTI 3-38a¦ rgbnÞúksUnü
edaysarkarteRmobrbs;Ggát;manlkçN³RsedogKñanwgkrNITaMgBIrEdlmanbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-36
nig 3-37. ehIyBIrUbTI 3-38e
∑ Fx = 0 FDE = 0

∑ Fz = 0 FDC = 0
tMN C ³ edaykarGegátdüaRkamGgÁesrIénrUbTI 3-38f
FCE = 0

]TahrN_ 3-13³ kMNt;Ggát;kmøaMgsUnürbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 3-39a. TRmGnuvtþbgÁúM

kmøaMgRbtikmμmkelI truss dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

karviPaK truss kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -97

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI ¬rUbTI 3-39a¦ bgðajfavamankmøaMg
RbtikmμcMnYn8 b:uEnþeKGacmansmIkarlMnwgEtcMnYn6.
eTaHbIy:agenHk¾eday k¾eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ)anEdr
edaysar b + r = 3 j b¤16 + 8 = 3(8).
edIm,IrkGgát; kmøaMgsUnü eyIgRtUveRbobeFob
lkçxNÐénragFrNImaRt nigkarrgbnÞúkenARtg;tMNeTAnwg
rUbTI 3-36 nig3-37.
BicarNatMN F ¬rUbTI 3-39b¦. edaysarGgát;
FC / FD / FE sßitenAelIbøg; x − y ehIyGgát; FG minsßit

enAelIbøg;enH enaHGgát; FG CaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü. vaRtUvEt

bMeBjlkçxNÐsmIkar ∑ Fz = 0 .
tamrebobdUcKña BItMN E ¬rUbTI 3-39c¦ Ggát;
FE CaGgát;kM;laMgsUnü edaysarvaminsßitenAkñúgbøg; y − z .

vaRtUvEtbMeBjsmIkar ∑ Fx = 0 . edayRtLb;BinitüeTAtMN
F vij ¬rUbTI 3-39b¦ eyIgeXIjfa FFD = FFC = 0 edaysar FFE = FFG = 0 nigKμankmøaMgxag

eRkAeFVIGMeBImkelItMN.
eKGacbnþkarviPaKelItMN G ¬ FGF = 0 ¦ edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAxagkñúgGgát; GH / GB nig
GC . bnÞab;mkviPaKtMN H edIm,IrkkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; HE / HB / HA . viPaKtMN E sRmab;kmøaMg

enAkñúgGgát; EA / ED . viPaKtMN A sRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; AB / AD nig Az . viPaKtMN B edIm,Irk

kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BC nig Bx / Bz . viPaKtMN D sRmab;KNnakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; DC nig D y / Dz .
ehIycugeRkay viPaKtMN C edIm,IkMNt; C x / C y nig C z .

Analysis of Statically Determinate trusses T.Chhay -98

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT
3>1> cat;cMNat;fñak; truss xageRkamCa truss sßirPaB. RbsinebIminkMNt; cUrbgðajdWeRkrbs;
mansßirPaB KμansßirPaB kMNt;edaysþaTic min va.
kMNt;edaysþaTic. RbsinebIminkMNt;bgðaj
BIdWeRkrbs;va. Ggát;TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;eday
snøak;enAxagcugrbs;va.

3>3> cat;cMNat;fñak; truss xageRkamCa truss

kMNt;edaysþaTic minkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤Kμan
sßirPaB. RbsinebIminkMNt; cUrbgðajdWeRkrbs;
va.

3>2> cat;cMNat;fñak; truss xageRkamCa truss

kMNt;edaysþaTic minkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤Kμan

cMeNaT T.Chhay -99

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

FñwmEdlQrenAelItMNxagelIrbs; truss.
kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss ehIy
bgðajBIsPaBkmøaMg EdlGgát;rg. snμt;Ggát;
TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab; edaytMNsnøak;.

3>7> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss.

3>4> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

3>8> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss.

bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. snμt;Ggát;TaMg
3>5> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss.
Gs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.
bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. yk P = 8kN .

3>9> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs;dMbUl
3>6> Truss EdlbgðajRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IRT truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. snμt;
kRmal deck. bnÞúkBRgayenAelIkRmal Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.
KW 30kN / m . bnÞúkenHRtUv)anepÞrBIkRmaleTA
Problems T.Chhay -100
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

3>10> Howe truss rgbnÞúkdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxag

eRkam. kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GF / CD nig
GC . bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. 3>14> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GH / BC nig
BG rbs; truss s<an. edaHRsayrkGBaØat

nImYy²edayeRbIEtsmIkarlMnwgmYy. bgðaj
sPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;t
P¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.

3>11> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GH / BC nig

BG rbs; Howe truss xagelI. bgðajsPaBrg

kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
3>12> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; 3>15> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs;
dMbUl truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. dMbUl truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

3>13> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs;
dMbUl truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. 3>16> edaHRsaycMeNaT 3>15> eLIgvijeday
snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;. snμt;famanEtbnÞúk15kN b:ueNÑaHEdleFVIGMeBIelI
tMN I .
cMeNaT T.Chhay -101
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

3>17> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GF / FC nig 3>21> Ggát; AB nig BC GacRTRTg;kmøaMgsgát;

CD rbs; truss kugs‘ul. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMg Gtibrma 4kN ehIyGgát; AD / DC nig BD
rbs;Ggát;. snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaeday GacRTRTg;kmøaMgTajGtibrma 7.5kN . Rbsin
snøak;. ebI a = 3m kMNt;bnÞúkFMbMputrbs; P Edl truss
GacRT)an. ¬rUbkñúgcMeNaT 3>20¦
3>22> Ggát; AB nig BC GacRTRTg;kmøaMgsgát;
Gtibrma 4kN ehIyGgát; AD / DC nig BD
GacRTRTg;kmøaMgTajGtibrma 10kN . Rbsin
ebI a = 1.8m kMNt;bnÞúkFMbMputrbs; P Edl
3>18> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; KJ / CD nig truss GacRT)an. ¬rUbkñúgcMeNaT 3>20¦
CJ rbs; truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs; Ggát;. 3>23> eKeRbI truss Ggát;bIedIm,IRTbnÞúk P .

kMNt;mMu θ edIm,IkMu[kmøaMgTajGtibrma nig

kmøaMgsgát;GtibrmaFMCag 1.25P nig 0.8P
erogKña.

3>19> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; JI / JD nig

DE rbs; truss xagelI. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMg

rbs;Ggát;.
3>20> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss eday
eRbItYbnÞúk P ehIybgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;
Ggát;. 3>24> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GF / FB nig
BC rbs; Fink truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMg

rbs;Ggát;.

Problems T.Chhay -102

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

3>25> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GF / CF nig 3>28> kMNt;RbePTrbs; truss pSM nigkMNt;

CD rbs;dMbUl truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMg kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; JH / BJ nig BI . bgðaj
rbs;Ggát;. sPaBrgkmøaMg rbs;Ggát;. mMukñúgrbs;Ggát;BIrKW
60 o . Truss enHRtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak;enA

Rtg;tMN A nigTRmkl;enARtg;tMN F . snμt;

Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.

3>26> cat;cMNat;fñak;rbs; truss nwgbgðajfava

mansßirPaBb¤Gt;.

3>29> kMNt;RbePTrbs; truss pSM. eKtP¢ab;

truss ACE nig truss BDF edayGgát;bI CF /

ED nig CD . kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²

nigbgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

3>27> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs;
truss. bgðajsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. snμt;

Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.

3>30> kMNt;RbePTrbs; truss pSM nigkMNt;

kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy² nigbgðajBIsPaBrg
kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kña
edaysnøak;.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -103
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

3>34> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TaMgGs;rbs;
truss saMjúaM. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

CMnYy³ CMnYsGgát; JE edayGgát;Edldak;enA

cenøaH K nig F .
3>31> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; IH / AH nig
BC rbs; truss. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;

Ggát;.

3>35> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TaMgGs;rbs;
truss saMjúaM. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

3>32> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy². bgðaj snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.

BIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

3>36> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; JI / DI nig

3>33> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy². bgðaj DE rbs; Pratt truss . bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMg
BIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. rbs;Ggát;. snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaeday
snøak;.

Problems T.Chhay -104

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

3>37> eRKag truss mYyrgbnÞúkdUcbgðaj. 3>41> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BG / HG nig

kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; JI / JD nig ID . BC rbs; truss nigbgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;
bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. Ggát;.

3>42> eKeRbI Warren truss edIm,IRTdMbUl

GKar]sSahkmμ. Turss

enHRTedayTRmsamBaØ enAelICBa¢aMg\dæenARtg;
3>38> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; HI / ED nig A nig G dUcenHmanEt
EI enAkñúg truss éncMeNaT 3>37. bgðajBI
kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisQrb:ueNÑaHekItmanenARtg;
sPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. TRmTaMgenH. kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; LC /
CD nig KD . bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
3>39> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; EF / EP nig
LK én truss s<an nigbgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMg
snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.
rbs;Ggát;. ehIy bgðajral;Ggát;kmøaMgsUnü.

3>43> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; KJ / NJ /
ND nig CD én K-truss . bgðajBIsPaBrg
3>40> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; HG / BG nig kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
BC rbs; truss. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;

Ggát;.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -105

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

3>44> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; IH / CD nig

LH én K-truss . bgðajBIsPaBrg kmøaMgrbs;

Ggát;. CMnYy³ kat; truss Rtg;Ggát; IH / IL /

LC nig CD edIm,Irk IH nig CD snμt;Ggát;

TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.

3>47> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy² nig

bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
3>45> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TaMgGs;rbs;
truss saMjúaM. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

CMnYy³ CMnYsGgát; AD edayGgát;enAcenøaH E

nig C .

3>48> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ nigkmøaMgenAkñúg

Ggát; BA / AD nig CD .

3>46> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TaMgGs;rbs;
truss saMjúaM. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

CMnYy³ CMnYsGgát; JE edayGgát;enAcenøaH K

nig F .

3>49> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss

kñúglMh nigbgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs; Ggát;.

Problems T.Chhay -106

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

3>52> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ nigkmøaMgenAkñúg

Ggát;nImYy²rbs; truss kñúglMh. bgðajBIsPaB
rgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;. LaMgmanTm¶n; 5kN .

3>50> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs;
truss kñúglMh. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;
3>53> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;TaMgGs;rbs;
Ggát;. truss saMjúaM nigbgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

CMnYy³ kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; E manGMeBItamG½kS

EB . ehtuGVI?

3>51> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; AB / AD nig

AC rbs; truss kñúglMh. bgðajBIsPaBrg

kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

3>54> eKtP¢ab; truss bIdUcKñaedIm,IbegáItCa

rcnasm<½n§dUcbgðaj. RbsinebIrcnasm½<n§sßit
enAelITRmrelag A / C nig E kMNt;kmøaMgenA
kñúgGgát; CD / DH nig CH . bgðajBIsPaBrg
kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -107

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

3>59> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²én truss

kñúglMh. bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
TRm Rtg; A nig B CaTRmkl; ehIyenARtg; C Ca
3>55> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; DF / FH nig
ball-and-socket. etI truss
EF rbs; truss enAkñúgcMeNaT 3>54 xagelI.
enHmansßirPaBb¤Gt;?
bgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
3>56> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BE / DF nig
BC rbs; truss kñúglMh nigbgðajBIsPaBrg

kmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
KMerag³ dMbUl Pratt truss manKM;latefr 5m .
kRmal smÖar³dMbUl nigédrENgmanTm¶n;mFüm
0.28kN / m 2 . dMbUlenHrgbnÞúkGefrsrub

1.4kN / m 2 . bnÞúkKitelIépÞRbeyaltamTis

3>57> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; AB / CD / ED edk. kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;nImYy²Edl

nig CF rbs; truss kñúglMhéncMeNaT 3>56 bNþalBIbnÞúkefr nigbnÞúkGefr. Tm¶n;rbs;Ggát;
truss RtUv)anecal ehIysnμt; A CaTRmsnøak;
xagelI nigbgðajBIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.
3>58> eKtP¢ab; truss bYndUcKñaedIm,IbegáItCa nig E CaTRmkl;.
rcnasm<½n§dUcbgðaj. RbsinebIrcnasm½<n§sßit
enAelITRmrelag A / B / C nig G kMNt;kmøaMg
enA kñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss ABCD . bgðaj
BIsPaBrgkmøaMgrbs;Ggát;.

Problems T.Chhay -108

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

$> bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁúM
Internal loading developed in structural members

munnwgeyIgGacKitsmamaRtmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúM eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt;kmøaMg nigm:Um:g;

manGMeBIenAxagkñúgva. enAkñúgCMBUkenH eyIgnwgbegáItviFIsRmab;rkbnÞúkTaMgenHenARtg;TItaMgCak;lak;
tambeNþayG½kSrbs;Ggát; nigsRmab;KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;. karGnuvtþRtUv)aneFVIeTA
elIFñwm nigeRKag.

$>!> bnÞúkxagkñúgenARtg;cMNucCak;lak; (Internal loading at a specified point)

dUcerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 2-3 eKGackMNt;bnÞúkxagkñúgedayeRbIvFi Imuxkat;. CaTUeTA sRmab;
eRKOgbgÁúMkñúgbøg; bnÞúkTaMgenHrYmmankmøaMgEkg (normal force) N / kmøaMgkat; (shear force) V nig
m:Um:g;Bt; (bending moment) M . b:uEnþeKRtUvdwgfa Cak;EsþgbnÞúkTaMgenHtag[ers‘ultg;énkugRtaMg
*

BRgayEdlmanGMeBIelIépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;enARtg;muxkat;Edlkat;. enAeBlEdleKdwgers‘ultg;bnÞúk
xagkñúg enaHeKGackMNt;TMhMkugRtaMgRbsinebIeKsÁal;épÞmuxkat;EdlkugRtaMgRtUvBRgayelI.

karkMNt;sBaØa (Sign Convention): munnwgbgðajBIviFIsRmab;rkkmøaMgEkg kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;

Bt;eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt;sBaØa[va . eTaHbICakareRCIserIsmanlkçN³buKÁlk¾eday EtkarkMNt;
†

*
rcnasm<½n§bITMhMk¾Gacnwgrgm:Um:g;rmYl EdlmYlGgát;CMuvijG½kSbeNþayrbs;va.
†
karkMNt;sBaØaenHnwgpþl;PaBgayRsYlsRmab;kfaxNÐ 4-2 nig 4-3 EdleyIgnwgbgðaj V nig M CaGnuKmn_eTAnwg x rYceyIg
nwgKUrdüaRkaménGnuKmn_enH. karkMNt;sBaØamanlkçN³RsedognwgkarkMNt;[TisedA x mansBaØabUkenAeBlvamanTisedA
eTAsþaM nigTisedAeLIgelIsRmab; y enAeBlEdleyIgKUrdüaRkaménGnuKmn_ y=f(x).
Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -109
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

sBaØaenATIenHRtUv)anvisVkreRKOgbgÁúMTTYlsÁal;CaTUeTA ehIyvaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-1a. enA

elIépÞxageqVgédrbs;Ggát;Edlkat;kmøaMgEkg N manGMeBIeTAsþaM kmøaMgkat; V manGMeBIcuHeRkam ehIy
m:Um:g;Bt;eFVIGMeBIbRBa©as;RTnicnaLika. eyagtamc,ab;TIbIrbs;jÚtun muxkat;xagsþaMédrbs;Ggát;nwgrg
kmøaMgEkg kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanTMhMb:unKña EtTisedApÞúyKña. viFIEdlgayRsYlkñúgkarcgcaM
karkMNt;sBaØaTaMgenHKWpþac;Ggát;CakMNt;d¾tUc ehIycMNaMfakmøaMgEkgviC¢manKWTajkMNat;Ggát; ¬rUbTI
4-1b¦ kmøaMgkat;viC¢manKWeFVI[Ggát;vilRsbTisRTnicnaLika ¬rUbTI 4-1c¦ ehIym:Um:g;Bt;viC¢man
KWBt;kMNat;Ggát;ekageLIgelIdUcfñk;Twk ¬rUbTI 4-1d¦.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkamenHpþl;nUvmeFüa)aysRmab;karGnuvtþviFImuxkat;edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgEkg kmøaMg
kat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TItaMgCak;lak;enAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁúM.
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm (Support reactions)
 muxnwgkat;Ggát; eKcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt;RbtikmμTRmrbs;Ggát;edIm,I[eKGaceRbIEtsmIkarlMnwg
edIm,IedaHRsayrkmøaMgkñúgenAeBlEdlGgát;RtUv)ankat;.
 RbsinebIGgát;mantMNsnøak; eKGackMNt;klaMgRbtikmμsnøak;edayeRbIviFIenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 2-5.
düaRkamGgÁesrI (Free-body diagram)
 rkSabnÞúkBRgay m:Um:g; nigkmøaMgTaMgGs;EdlmanGMeBIenAelIGgát;[enATItaMgdEdl bnÞab;mk
kat;Ggát;[EkgnwgG½kSrbs;Ggát;enARtg;cMNucEdleKRtUvkarkMNt;bnÞúkxagkñúg.
 eRkayBIkat;Ggát;ehIy KUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat;Ggát;EdlmancMnYnbnÞúkticCageK. enA
Rtg;muxkat;bgðajers‘ultg;EdlCaGBaØat N / V nig M EdlmanGMeBItamTisedAviC¢man ¬rUbTI
4-1a¦.
smIkarlMnwg (Equation of Equilibrium)
 eKKYreFVIplbUkm:Um:g;enARtg;muxkat;CMuvijG½kSEdlkat;tamTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;épÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;
edIm,IlubbM)at;GBaØat N nig V ehIyeKnwgTTYl)andMeNaHRsaysRmab; N edaypÞal;.
 RbsinebIdMeNaHRsayénsmIkarlMnwgEdlTTYl)anCaTMhMGviC¢man enaHTisedArbs;kmøaMgKW
pÞúyeTAnwgGIVEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkamGgÁesrI.

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -110

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 4-1³ kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanGMeBIenAkñúgFñwmkugs‘ul (cantilever beam)

EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-2a enARtg;muxkat;Edlkat;Rtg;cMNuc C nig D .

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ RbsinebIeyIgBicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat;Ggát;EdlenAxagsþaMédrbs;Ggát;
enaHeKmincaM)ac;KNnakmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenARtg;cMNuc A eT. düaRkamsRmab;kMNat;Ggát; CB nig DB
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI4-2b nig4-2c. cMNaMfabnÞúkxagkñúgsnμt;eFVIGMeBItamTisviC¢man.
smIkarlMnwg³
kMNat; CB / rUbTI 4-2b/
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 VC − 5 − 5 − 5 = 0

VC = 15kN

+ ∑ MC = 0 − M C − 5(1) − 5(2 ) − 5(3) − 20 = 0

M C = −50kN .m
kMNat; DB / rUbTI 4-2c/
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 VD − 5 − 5 − 5 = 0

VD = 20kN

+ ∑MD = 0 − M D − 5(1) − 5(2 ) − 5(3) − 20 = 0

M D = −50kN .m
]TahrN_enHbgðajvakmøaMgkat;mantémøxusKñaenARtg;épÞmuxkat; TaMgsgxagEdlrgkmøaMgcMcMNuc
xN³Edlm:Um:g;Bt;mantémødUcKña. dUcenHeKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgkat;cMnYnBIrenARtg;muxkat;rgkmøaMgcMcMNuc.

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -111

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 4-2³ kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;muxkat;Edlkat;Rtg;cMNuc C enA

kñúgFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-3a.

dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ edayCMnYsbnÞúkBRgayedaykmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;va nigedayKNnaRbtikmμTRm enaHeyIgTTYl
lT§pldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-3b.
düaRkamGgÁesrI³
eyIgnwgBicarNakMNat;GgÁt; AC edaysareyIgGacTTYl)an
dMeNaHRsayy:aggayRsYl ¬rUbTI 4-3c¦. eyIgGacKNna
GaMgtg;sIuetbnÞúkBRgayenARtg;cMNuc C edaysmamaRtdUc
xageRkam
wC = (2m / 6m )(45kN / m ) = 15kN / m
smIkarlMnwg³
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 45 − 15 − VC = 0 VC = 30kN

+ ∑MC = 0 − 45(2 ) + 15(0.667 ) + M C = 0 M C = 80kN .m

]TahrN_enHbgðajBIsar³sMxan;kñúgkarrkSabnÞúkBRgay[enAelIFñwmrhUtdl;eRkayeBlEdlFñwm
RtUv)ankat;. RbsinebIFñwmenARtg;rUbTI 4-3b RtUv)ankat;enARtg;cMNuc C enaH\T§iBlrbs;bnÞúkBRgay
enAelIkMNat;Ggát; AC nwgminRtUv)anKit ehIylT§plVC = 45kN nig M C = 90kN .m EdlTTYl)an
nwgxus.
]TahrN_ 4-3³ kmøaMg 45kN enAkñúgrUbTI 4-4a RtVv)anRTedaykRmal DE EdleKRkalvaenAelI
rnUt edayTRmsamBaØ. rnUtenHepÞrbnÞúkrbs;vaeTAFñwmTRmsamBaØ AB . kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Edl
eFVIGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc C enAkñúgFñwm.
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -112
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ lMnwgrbs;kRmalrnUt nwgFñwmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-4b. eyIgKYrEtRtYtBinitülT§-
plTaMgenH.
düaRkamGgÁesrI³ eKeRbIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat;Ggát; AC rbs;Fñwm edaysareKGacTTYl)an
dMeNaHRsayy:agsamBaØbMput ¬rUbTI 4-4c¦.
smIkarlMnwg³
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 18.75 − 30 − Vc = 0 VC = 11.25kN

+ ∑ MC = 0 − 18.75(3.75) + 30(0.75) + M C = 0 M C = 47.8kN .m

$>@> GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g; (Shear and Moment Functions)

karsikSaKNnaFñwmTamTarcMeNHdwglMGitBIbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;V nigbERmbRmYlm:Um:g; M
EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNucnImYy²tambeNþayG½kSrbs;Fñwm. CaTUeTA kmøaMgEkgminRtUv)anBicarNa
edaymUlehtuBIr³ ¬1¦ enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIeTAelIFñwmeRcInEtEkgeTAnwgG½kSrbs;Fñwm
dUcenHehIyvanwgbegáIt)anEtkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;b:ueNÑaH nig¬2¦ sRmab;eKalbMNgénkarsikSa
KNnaersIusþg;rbs;FñwmTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat; nigCaBiessTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat;mansar³sMxan;CaglT§-
PaBrbs;FñwmkñúgkarTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgEkg. b:uEnþkmøaMgEkgRtUv)anBicarNa enAeBlFñwmrgkmøaMgsgát;tam
G½kSedaysareKRtUveFVIkarGegátelI buckling b¤GsßirPaBEdlGacekItman.
eKGacTTYl)anbERmbRmYlrbs; V nig M CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgTItaMg x rbs;cMNucNamYytam
beNþayFñwmedayeRbIviFImuxkat;Edl)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-1. b:uEnþenATIenH eKcaM)ac;kat;FñwmenA
Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -113
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Rtg;TI taMg x NamYyBIcugmçagrbs;FñwmRbesIrCakat;enARtg;Cak;ElkNamYy.

CaTUeTA GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g;CaGnuKmn_dac; b¤k¾CRmal (slope) rbs;vaCaCRmal
dac;enARtg;cMNucNaEdlRbePT b¤TMhMrbs;bnÞúkBRgaypøas;bþÚr b¤enARtg;kEnøgNaEdlmankmøaMgcMcMNuc
b¤m:Um:g; (couple moment) eFVIGMeBI. edaysarmUlehtuenH eKRtUvkMNt;GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_
m:Um:g;eTAtamtMbn;rbs;FñwmEdlmanTItaMgenAcenøaHPaBdac;énbnÞúkBIr. ]TahrN_ eKeRbIkUGredaen x1 /
x2 nig x3 edIm,IBN’nabERmbRmYlrbs; V nig M elIRbEvgrbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 4-5a. kUGredaenHTaMg

enH mann½yEtenAkñúgtMbn;BI A eTA B sRmab; x1 / BI B eTA C sRmab; x2 nigBI C eTA D sRmab; x3 .

eTaHbICakUGredaenrbs;vaenATIenHmaneKaldUcKñak¾eday k¾vaKμanbBaðaEdr. b:uEnþvaCakargayRsYlCag
kñúgkarbegáItGnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g;edayeRbIkUGredaen x1 / x2 nig x3 EdlmaneKalenA
Rtg;cMNuc A / B nig D dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-5b. enATIenH x1 nig x2 viC¢maneTAsþaM ehIy x3 viC¢man
eTAeqVg.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIsRmab;kMNt;bERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;enAkñúgFñwmCaGnuKmn_eTA
nwgTItaMg x .
RbtikmμTRm (Support reactions)
 kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenAelIFñwm nigbMEbkRKb;kmøaMgxageRkATaMgGs;[eTACabgÁúMkmøaMg Edl
eFVIGMeBIEkg nigRsbeTAnwgG½kSrbs;Fñwm.
GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g; (Shear and Moment Functions)
 kMNt;kUGredaen x EdlmaneKaldac;edayELk nigkUGredaen x EdlmaneKalrYm Edllat
sn§wgeTAkñúgtMbn;rbs;FñwmEdlenAcenøaHkmøaMgcMcMNuc nig¬b¤¦ cenøaHm:Um:g; b¤EdlmanPaBmin
Cab;énbnÞúBRgay.

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -114

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

 kat;FñwmEkgeTAnwgG½kSrbs;vaenARtg;cMgay x nImYy² nigBIdüaRkamGgÁesrIénkMNat;Ggát;mYy

kMNt;GBaØat V nig M enARtg;muxkat;CaGnuKmn_én x . enAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrI eyIgeXIjfa
V nig M kñúgTisedAviC¢manrbs;vaEdleKarBtamkarkMNt;sBaØaEdl[enAkñúgrUbTI 4-1.

 eKTTYl)anV BI ∑ Fy = 0 ehIyeKTTYl)an M edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc S Edlman

TItaMgenARtg;muxkat;/ ∑ M S = 0 .
 eKGacepÞógpÞat;lT§pledaycMNaMfa dM / dx = V nig dV / dx = w . TMnak;TMngenHnwgbk
RsayenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-3.
]TahrN_ 4-4³ kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;enAkñúgFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-6a CaGnuKmn_én x .

dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ sRmab;eKalbMNgénkarKNnaRbtikmμTRm eKRtUvCMnYsbnÞúkBRgayedaykmøaMgpÁÜb
135kN ¬rUbTI 4-6b¦. b:uEnþeKcaM)ac;RtUvcaMfabnÞúkpÁÚbminEmnCabnÞúkCak;EsþgenAelIFñwmeT.

GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g;³ düaRkamGgÁesrIénkMNat;FñwmRbEvg x RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

4-6c. cMNaMfa eKkMNt;GaMgtg;sIuetrbs;bnÞúkRtIekaNenARtg;muxkat;edaysmamaRt Edl w / x =
10 / 3 b¤ w = 10 x / 3 . CamYynwgkarsÁal;bnÞúkGaMgtg;sIuet eKGackMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbénbnÞúkBRgayenA

kñúgrebobFmμtaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. dUcenH
1 ⎛ 10 x ⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 135 − ⎜ ⎟x − V = 0 V = 135 − 1.667 x 2
2⎝ 3 ⎠

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -115

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎡ 1 ⎛ 10 x ⎞ ⎤ x
+ ∑MS = 0 810 − 135 x + ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ x⎥ − M = 0 M = 810 + 135 x − 0.556 x 3
⎣2 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎦ 3
cMNaMfa dM / dx = V nig dV / dx = −
10 x
3
=w EdlsRmab;karRtYtBinitülT§pl.

]TahrN_ 4-5³ kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;enAkñúgFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-7a CaGnuKmn_én x .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm³ kmøaMgRbtiikmμenARtg;TRmbgáb;KW V = 480kN nig M = 2274kN .m ¬rUbTI 4-7b¦.
GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g;³ edaysarvamanPaBminCab;énbnÞúkBRgayenARtg; x = 3.6m eK
RtUvBicarNatMbn;BIrén x edIm,IBiBN’naGnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmTaMgmUl. enATIenH
x1 sRmab;RbEvg 3.6m xageqVg nigeKGaceRbI x2 sRmab;kMNat;Ggát;EdlenAsl;.

sRmab; 0 ≤ x1 ≤ 3.6m ¬cMNaMfa V nig M EdleXIjenAkñúgrUbTI 4-7c manTisedAviC¢man¦

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 480 − 50 x1 − V = 0 V = 480 − 50 x1
⎛x ⎞
+ ∑MS = 0 2274 − 480 x1 + 50 x1 ⎜ 1 ⎟ + M = 0 M = −2274 + 480 x1 − 25 x12
⎝2⎠
sRmab; 3.6m ≤ x2 ≤ 6m / rUbTI 4-7d
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 480 − 180 − V = 0 V = 300

+ ∑MS = 0 2274 − 480 x 2 + 180(x2 − 1.8) + M = 0 M = 300 x 2 − 1950

eKGacRtYtBinitülT§plenHedaycMNaMfaenAeBl x2 = 6m enaH V = 300kN nig M = −150kN .m .
ehIycMNaMfa dM / dx = V nig dV / dx = w .

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -116

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 4-6³ kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;enAkñúgFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-8a CaGnuKmn_én x .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm³ edIm,IkMNt;RbtikmμTRm eKEbgEckbnÞúkBRgayCabnÞúkRtIekaN nigbnÞúkctuekaN
ehIyeKCMnYsbnÞúkTaMgenHedaykmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;va. kmøaMgRbtikmμRtUv)anKNna nigbgðajenAelIdüaRkam
GgÁesrIrbs;Fñwm ¬rUbTI 4-8b¦.

GnuKmn_kmøaMgkat; nigGnuKmn_m:Um:g;³ düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat;Ggát;Edlkat;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg

rUbTI 4-8c. dUceXIjkñúgrUbxagelI eyIgCMnYsbnÞúkctuekaNBñayedaybnÞúkBRgayctuekaN nigbnÞúk
BRgayRtIekaN. cMNaMfa eKGackMNt;GaMgtg;sIuetbnÞúkBRgayRtIekaNenARtg;muxkat;edaysma-
maRt. kmøaMgpÁÜbénbnÞúkBRgaynImYy² nigTItaMgrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðaj. edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg
eyIgman
⎡1 ⎛x⎞ ⎤
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 75 − 10 x − ⎢ (20)⎜ ⎟ x ⎥ − V = 0 V = 75 − 10 x − 1.11x 2
⎣2 ⎝9⎠ ⎦
⎛ x ⎞ ⎡1 ⎛x⎞ ⎤ x
+ ∑MS = 0 − 75 x + (10 x )⎜ ⎟ + ⎢ (20)⎜ ⎟ x ⎥ + M = 0 M = 75 x − 5 x 2 − 0.370 x 3
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣2 ⎝9⎠ ⎦3

$>#> düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Fñwm

(Shear and Moment Diagram for beams)
RbsinebIeKKUrbERmbRmYlrbs; V nig M CaGnuKmn_én x EdlTTYl)anenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-2 enaH
Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -117
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eK[eQμaHvaCadüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamGgÁesrI erogKña. enAeBlEdlFñwmrgkmøaMgbnÞúkcMcMNuc

m:Um:g; nigbnÞúkBRgayeRcIn karsg;düaRkam V nig M eFobnwg x manlkçN³sμúKsμaj edaysareKRtUv
karsg;düaRkamedayeRbIGnuKmn_eRcIn. enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgerobrab;BIviFId¾samBaØ ¬viFIEdlQr
elITMnak;TMngDIepr:g;EsülEdlekItmanrvagbnÞúk kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;¦ edIm,Isg;düaRkamTaMgenH.

edIm,IbegáItTMnak;TMngTaMgenH eKRtUvBicarNaFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 4-9a EdlrgnUvbnÞúkBRgay W =

w(x ) niges‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc nigm:Um:g;. sRmab;karerobrab;xageRkamenH eKKitfabnÞúkBRgayviC¢manenA

eBlbnÞúkeFVIGMeBIeLIgelIdUcbgðaj. eyIgnwgBicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIsRmab;kMNat;Ggát;tUcrbs;Fñwm
EdlmanRbEvg Δx ¬rUbTI 4-9b¦. edaysar eKeRCIserIskMNat;Ggát;enHenARtg;cMNuc x tambeNþay
FñwmEdlminrgkmøaMgcMcMNuc b¤m:Um:g; eKnwgTTYl)anlT§plelIkMNat;EdlminrgkmøaMgcMcMNuc b¤m:Um:g;.
eK snμt;[kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlbgðajenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrImanGMeBItamTisviC¢manEdlGaRs½y
eTAtamkarkMNt;sBaØa ¬rUbTI 4-1¦. cMNaMfa TaMgkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;EdleFVIGMeBIenAelIépÞxagsþaMekIn
eLIgedaytémøtictYc edIm,IrkSalMnwgrbs;kMNat;Ggát;enH. eKCMnYsbnÞúkBRgayedaykmøaMgcMcMNuc
w(x )Δx EdleFVIGMeBIenAelIcMgay ε (Δx ) BIcugxagsþaM Edl 0 < ε < 1 ¬Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebI w(x ) Ca

bnÞúkBRgay b¤bnÞúkefr enaH w(x )Δx nigekItmanenARtg; 12 Δx dUcenH ε = 12 ¦. edayGnuvtþsmIkar

lMnwg eyIg)an
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 V + w(x )Δx − (V + ΔV ) = 0 ΔV = w(x )Δx

+ ∑MS = 0 − VΔx − M − w( x )Δxε (Δx ) + (M + ΔM ) = 0

ΔM = VΔx + w(x )ε (Δx )2

edayEcksmIkarTaMgBIrxagelIeday Δx ehIy[lImItén Δx → 0 enaHsmIkarTaMgenHnwgkøayCa
= w(x )
dV
(4-1)
dx

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -118

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

CRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; = GaMgtg;sIurbs;bnÞúkBRgay
dM
=V (4-2)
dx
CRmalrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt; = GaMgtg;sIurbs;bnÞúkBRgay
eKRtUveFVIkarkt;cMNaMfa smIkar 4-1 bgðajBIPaBesμIKñaénCRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; (dV / dx ) nig
GaMgtg;sIuetrbs;bnÞúkBRgay w(x ) . dUcKña smIkar 4-2 bgðajfaCRmalrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g; (dM / dx )
esIμnwgGaMgtg;sIuetrbs;kmøaMgkat;.
eKGaceFVIGaMgetRkalsmIkar 4-1 nig 4-2 BIcMNucmYyeTAcMNucmYyeTotrvagbnÞúkcMcMNuc
b¤m:Um:g; ¬dUcCa BIcMNuc B eTAcMNuc C enAkñúgrUbTI 4-9a¦ EdlenAkñúgkrNIenH
ΔV = ∫ w(x )dx (4-3)

bERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat; = RkLaépÞéndüaRkambnÞúkBRgay
nig ΔM = ∫ V ( x )dx (4-4)

bERmbRmYlm:Um:g;Bt; = RkLaépÞéndüaRkamkmøaMgkat;
eKRtUveFVIkarkt;cMNaMfa smIkar 4-3 bgðajBIPaBesμIKñaénbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;rvagBIrcMNucCamYynwg
RkLaépÞéndüaRkambnÞúkBRgayrvagcMNucenaH. dUcKña smIkar 4-4 bgðajfabERmbRmYlm:Um:g;Bt;rvag
BIrcMNucesμInwgRkLaépÞéndüaRkamkmøaMgkat;enAcenøaHcMNucenaH. RbsinebIeKgayRsYlKNnaRkLaépÞ
rbs;düaRkambnÞúk nigdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; enaHsmIkar 4-3 nig4-4 pþl;nUvviFIsRmab;kMNt;témørbs;
kmøaMgkat; nig m:Um:g;Bt;CatémøelxenARtg;cMNucepSg²enAtambeNþayFñwm.

eyIgRtUvcMNaMfa eKminGaceRbIsmIkar 4-1 nig 4-3 sRmab;bnÞúkcMcMNuceT edaysarsmIkarTaMg

enH min)anKitBIbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;Pøam²enARtg;cMNucTaMgenH. dUcKña edaysarPaBminCab;rbs;m:Um:g;
eKminGaceRbIsmIkar 4-2 nig 4-4 enARtg;cMNucEdlrgGMeBIm:Um:g;eT. edIm,IKitkrNITaMgBIrenH eKRtUv
BicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;FatuGnnþtUcrbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 4-9a EdlmanTItaMgenARtg;kEnøgEdlbnÞúk
cMcMNuc nigm:Um:g;manGMeBI. ]TahrN_énFatuenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-10a nig 4-10b erogKña. BI
rUbTI 4-10a eKeXIjfasmIkarlMnwgkmøaMgTamTar[bERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;køayCa
Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -119
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 ΔV = − F (4-5)

dUcenH enAeBlEdl F eFVIGMeBIedaymanTisedAcuHeRkammkelIFñwm enaH ΔV GviC¢man dUcenHdüaRkam

kmøaMgkat;manTiscueRkam. dUcKña RbsinebI F manTisedAeLIgelI enaH ΔV nwgeLIgelI. BIrUbTI 4-10b
edayyk Δx → 0 smIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;Bt;TamTar[bERmbRmYlm:Um:g;køayCa
+ ∑MO = 0 ΔM = M ' (4-6)
enAkñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIm:Um:g;xageRkA M ' manGMeBIRsbTisRTnicnaLika enaH ΔM viC¢man dUcenH
düaRkammanTiseLIgelI ehIyenAeBl M ' eFVIGMeBIRcasTisRTnicnaLika enaH ΔM RtUvEtmanTiscuH
eRkam.

tarag 4-1 bgðajBIkarGnuvtþénsmIkar 4-1, 4-2, 4-5, nig 4-6 eTAelIkrNIbnÞúkFmμtaeday

snμt;fa V nig M enAEtrkSatémøviC¢man. CRmalenARtg;cMNucepSg²enAlIExSekagnImYy²RtUv)anbgðaj.
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -120
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

eKmincaM)ac;cgcaMlT§plTaMgenHeT EteKRtUvsikSa[)anhμt;ct;dUcenHeKGacyl;BIrebobsg;düaRkam
kmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;edayEp¥kelIkaryl;dwgBIbERmbRmYlénCRmalBIdüaRkambnÞúk nigdüa
RkamkmøaMgkat; erogKña.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIsRmab;sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm edayeRbI
smIkar 4-1 rhUtdl; 4-6.
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm (Support Reactions)
 kMNt;RbtikmμTRm nigbMEbkkmøaMgEdleFVIGMeBIenAelIFñwmCabgÁúMkmøaMgEdlEkg nigRsbeTAnwg
G½kSrbs;Fñwm.
düaRkamkmøaMgkat; (Shear diagram)
 begáItG½kSV nig x ehIybgðajtémørbs;kmøaMgkat;enAcugTaMgBIrrbs;Fñwm.
 edaysar dV / dx = w enaHCRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;enARKb;cMNucesμInwgGaMgtg;sIuet
rbs;bnÞúkBRgayenARtg;cMNucenH. ¬cMNaMfa w vIC¢manenAeBlEdlvaeFVIGMeBIeLIgelI¦.
 RbsinebIeKkMNt;témøCaelxrbs;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc eKGackMNt;témøenHedayeRbIviFImux
kat;Edlerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-1 b¤edaysmIkar 4-3 EdlbgðajfabERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;
esμInwgRkLaépÞdüaRkambnÞúkBRgay.
 edaysareKeFVIGaMgetRkaleTAelI w(x ) edIm,ITTYl)anV enaHRbsinebI w(x ) CaExSekagdWeRkTI
n enaH V ( x ) nwgkøayCaExSekagdWeRkTI n + 1 . Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebI w(x ) BRgayesñI enaH V (x )

CaExSekagbnÞat;.
düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt; (Moment diagram)
 begáItG½kS M nig x ehIybgðajtémørbs;m:Um:g;enAcugTaMgBIrrbs;Fñwm.
 edaysar dM / dx = V enaHCRmalrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g;enARKb;cMNucesμInwgGaMgtg;sIuetrbs;
kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNucenH.
 enARtg;cMNucEdlkmøaMgkat;esμIsUnü ¬ dM / dx = 0 ¦ dUcenHvaCacMNucm:Um:g;Gtibrma b¤
Gb,brma.
 RbsinebIeKkMNt;témøCaelxrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc eKGackMNt;témøenHedayeRbIviFImuxkat;
Edlerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-1 b¤edaysmIkar 4-4 EdlbgðajfabERmbRmYlm:Um:g;esμInwg
Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -121
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

RkLaépÞdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;.
 edaysareKeFVIGaMgetRkaleTAelI V (x ) edIm,ITTYl)an M enaHRbsinebI V (x ) CaExSekagdWeRkTI
n enaH M (x ) nwgkøayCaExSekagdWeRkTI n + 1 . Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebI V (x ) CaExSekagbnÞat; enaH

M ( x ) CaExSekag)a:ra:bUl.

]TahrN_ 4-7³ KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 4-11a.

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm³
kmøaMgRbtikmμRtUv)anbgðajenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Fñwm
¬rUbTI 4-11b¦.
düaRkamkmøaMgkat;³ dMbUgsg;kmøaMgkat;enAcMNuccug x = 0 /
V = +30kN nig x = 9m / V = −60kN .

edaysarbnÞúk w GviC¢man ehIyekIneLIgCalkçN³bnÞat;

enaHCRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;ekIneLIglkçN³bnÞat;
EttémøfycuH ¬ dV / dx = w ¦.
eKRtUvkMNt;cMNucEdlkmøaMgkat;esμIsUnüedayeRbI
viFImuxkat;BIkMNat;FñwmelIRbEvg x ¬rUbTI 4-11e¦. eyIg
TamTar[ V = 0 dUcenH
1 ⎡ ⎛ x ⎞⎤
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 30 − ⎢20⎜ ⎟⎥ x = 0
2 ⎣ ⎝ 9 ⎠⎦

x = 5.20m
düaRkamm:Um:g;³ BIdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; ¬rUbTI 4-11c¦
sRmab; 0 < x < 5.20m témørbs;kmøaMgkat;viC¢manb:uEnþfy
cuH dUcenHCRmalrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g; M (x ) fycuH Ettémørbs;vaekIneLIg ¬ dM / dx = V ¦. enARtg;
cMNuc x = 5.20m / dM / dx = 0 . dUcKñasRmab; 5.20m < x < 9m kmøaMgkat; nigCRmalrbs;düaRkam
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -122
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

m:Um:g;ekIneLIg Ettémørbs;m:Um:g;fycuH. témøGtibrmarbs;m:Um:g;KWenARtg; x = 5.20m edaysar

dM / dx = V = 0 enARtg;cMNucenH ¬rUbTI 4-11d¦. BIdüaRkamGgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 4-11e enaH
1 ⎡ ⎛ 5.20 ⎞⎤ ⎛ 5.20 ⎞
+ ∑MS = 0 − 30(5.20 ) + ⎢20⎜ ⎟⎥ (5.20)⎜ ⎟+M =0 M = 104kN .m
2 ⎣ ⎝ 9 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 3 ⎠

]TahrN_ 4-8³ KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 4-12.

dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ RbtikmμTRmRtUv)anKNna nigbgðajenAelI
düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;FñwmnImYy².
düaRkamkmøaMgkat;³ BIkarkMNt;sBaØa ¬rUbTI 4-1¦ dMbUg
eKRtUvbgðajkmøaMgkat;enAxagcugrbs;FñwmnImYy². eday
sar dV / dx = w eKGackMNt;CRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMg
kat;rvagcMNuccugTaMgBIr ehIyeKGacKUrdüaRkamV GaRs½y
nwg x )an.
düaRkamm:Um:g;³ BIkarkMNt;sBaØamþgeTot ¬rUbTI 4-1¦ dMbUg
eyIgRtUvbgðajm:Um:g;enAcugnImYy²rbs;Fñwm. edaysar
dM / dx = V eKGackMNt;CRmalrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g;rvagcMNuc

TaMgenH ehIyeKGacKUrdüaRkam M GaRs½ynwg x )an.

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -123

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 4-9³ KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 4-13a.

dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ RbtikmμTRmRtUv)anKNna nigbgðajenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;FñwmnImYy².
düaRkamkmøaMgkat;³ eKRtUvbgðajtémørbs;kmøaMgkat;
enARtg;cug A ¬ V A = 0.5kN ¦ ehIyRtg;cMNuc B
¬ VB = −0.25kN ¦. enARtg;cMNuckNþalrvag A nig C
CRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;KWsUnüedaysar dV / dx
= w = 0 . dUcenHkmøaMgkat;enAEtrkSatémø 0.5kN rbs;

vadEdlenAkñúgtMbn;enH. enARtg;cMNuc C düaRkamkmøaMg

kat;manlkçN³dac; ¬minCab;¦edaysarkmøaMgcMcMNucxag
eRkA 3kN enATIenaH. eKGacrktémørbs;kmøaMgkat;enAxag
sþaMcMNuc C Etbnþic edaykat;FñwmenARtg;cMNucenaH. düa
RkamGgÁesrIrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajkñúgsßanPaBlMnwgkñúgrUbTI
4-13e. cMNucenH ¬ V = −2.5kN ¦ RtUv)anbgðajenA
elIdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;. dUcelIkmun w = 0 BI C eTA B
dUcenHCRmal dV / dx = 0 . düaRkambBa©b;edaytémø
− 2.5kN enARtg;cMNuc B dUcbgðaj. cMNaMfa vaminman

PaBdac;énkmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc D EdlCacMNucm:Um:g;
6kN .m manGMeBI ¬rUbTI 4-13b¦.

eKKYrkt;cMNaMfa eKGacsg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;
y:agelOnedayGnuvtþtamdüaRkambnÞúkrbs;düaRkamGgÁ
esrI ¬rUbTI 4-13b¦. edaycab;epþImBIcMNuc A CamYy
nwgkmøaMg 0.5kN manGMeBIeLIgelI dUcenHV A = +0.5kN .
edayKμanbnÞúkeFVIGMeBIenAcenøaH A nig C dUcenHkmøaMgkat;
enArkSatémøefr. enARtg;cMNuc C kmøaMg 3kN manGMeBI
edayTisedAcuHeRkam dUcenHkmøaMgkat;RtUvcuHeRkam 3kN ¬BI 0.5kN mk − 2.5kN ¦. mþgeTot kmøaMg
kat;efr ¬KμanbnÞúkxageRkA¦ ehIybBa©b;enARtg;cMNuc B CamYynwg − 2.5kN ehIycugeRkaydüaRkam
enHbiTedayvart;BI − 2.5kN eTAsUnüenARtg;cMNuc B ¬TisedAeLIgelI¦.
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -124
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;³ m:Um:g;Bt;enAcugsgxagrbs;FñwmKWsUnü ¬rUbTI 4-13d¦. CRmalrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;BI A eTA C mantémøefredaysar dM / dx = V = +0.5 . eKGackMNt;témørbs;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc C edayviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 4-13e¦ b¤edaykMNt;RkLaépÞrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;rvagcMNuc A
nig C . edaysar M A = 0
ΔM AC = M C − 0 = (0.5kN )(0.3m )

M C = 1.5kN .m
CRmalBIcMNuc C eTA D KW dM / dx = V = −2.5kN ¬rUbTI 4-13c¦ edaysar M C = 1.5kN .m m:Um:g;
Bt;Rtg;cMNuc D KW
ΔM CD = M D − 1.5kN .m = (− 2.5kN .m )(1.5m )

M D = 2.25kN .m
düaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)ankat;pþac;Rtg;cMNuc D edaysarm:Um:g; 6kN .m . viFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 4-13f¦ [témø
m:Um:g;Bt; 3.75kN .m xagsþaMcMNuc D Etbnþic. BIcMNucenH CRmal dM / dx = −2.5kN enArkSarhUtdl;
düaRkamenHbiTCamYynwgtémøsUnüenARtg;cMNuc B ¬rUbTI 4-13d¦.

]TahrN_ 4-10³ FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbftRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IRTsMy:absRmab;pøÚvcUlGKar. KMrU

m:UEDl rbs;FñwmCamYynwgbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIvaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-14a. KUrdüaRkamkmøaMg
kat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -125

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ eKKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμtamrebobFmμta. lT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-14b.
düaRkamkmøaMgkat;³ dMbUgeKRtUvsg;kmøaMgkat;enAxagcugrbs;Fñwm rYmmanV A = 0 nig VC = −2.19kN
¬rUbTI 4-14c¦. CRmalrbs;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;GviC¢manelIRbEvgFñwmTaMgmUl dV / dx = w = −10kN .
edIm,IrkkmøaMgkat;enAxageqVgcMNuc B eKeRbIviFImuxkat;sRmab;kMNat;Ggát; AB b¤k¾KNnaRkLaépÞbnÞúk
BRgay eBalKW ΔV = VB − 0 = −10(0.75) enaH VB = −7.5kN . kmøaMgRbtikmμeFVI[kmøaMgkat;bþÚrBI
− 7.5kN eTA − 7.5 + 15.31 = 7.81kN . bnÞab;mk CRmaldüaRkameq<aHeTArk − 2.19kN . eKGac

kMNt;cMNucEdlmankmøaMgkat;sUnüBICRmal − 10kN / m b¤tamRtIekaNdUc 7.81/ x = 2.19 /(1 − x )

enaHeyIg)an x = 0.781m .
düaRkamm:Um:g;³ dMbUgeKRtUvsg;m:Um:g;enAcugFñwm M A = M C = 0 ¬rUbTI 4-14d¦. karGegátelIdüaRkam
kmøaMgkat;bgðajfadüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;témøGviC¢man ehIyCRmalrbs;vaekIneLIg. enARtg;cMNuc B ekIt
mankarpøas;bþÚrCRmalGviC¢man − 7.50 eTACRmalviC¢man 7.81 . ehIybnÞab;mkCRmalfycuHeTArk
sUnü ¬rUbTI 4-14c¦ nigkøayCaGviC¢manrhUtdl;CRmalrbs;vamantémøesμInwg − 2.19 . eKGacKNna
témø − 2.81 nig 0.239 enAelIdüaRkamm:Um:g;edayviFImuxkat; b¤edayrkRkLaépÞdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;.
Ca]TahrN_ ΔM = M B − 0 = 12 (− 7.50)(0.75) = −2.81 enaH M B = −2.81kN .m . eyIgeFVIdUcKña
edIm,Ibgðajfam:Um:g;viC¢manGtibrmaKW 0.239kN .m .

]TahrN_ 4-11³ KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;FñwmpSM (compound beam) Edlbgðaj

enAkñúgrUbTI 4-15a. snμt;faTRmenARtg; A nig C CaTRmkl; (roller) ehIy B nig E CatMNsnøak;.
dMeNaHRsay³
RbtikmμTRm³ enAeBlEdleKpþac;FñwmRtg;snøak; B eKGacKNnaRbtikmμTRmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-
15b.
düaRkamkmøaMgkat;³ CaFmμta ehIycab;epþImedaykarsg;kmøaMgkat;enAxagcugFñwmRtg; A nig E ¬rUbTI
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -126
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

4-15c¦. ExSekagRtUv)anbgðajedayeRbIsmIkar dV / dx = w . cMNaMfa CRmalGviC¢manefr dV / dx

= −20kN / m BIcMNuc A eTA B / CRmalsUnüBIcMNuc B eTAcMNuc C / CRmalGviC¢manekIneLIgBIcMNuc

C eTAcMNuc D ¬ 0 eTA 30kN / m ¦ ehIycugeRkayCRmalGviC¢manfycuHBIcMNuc D eTAcMNuc E

¬ 30kN / m eTA 0 ¦. sakl,grktémøkmøaMgkat;edayeRbIRkLaépÞdüaRkambnÞúk ¬ExSekag w ¦ edIm,I

rkbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;. eKGacTItaMgkmøaMgkat;esμIsUnü ¬ x = 1m ¦ edayeRbIRtIekaNdUc b¤edayeRbI
sþaTicdUcenAkñúgrUbTI 4-11e én]TahrN_ 4-7.
düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;³ dMbUgeKRtUvsg;m:Um:g;enAxagcugFñwm M A = 150kN .m nig M E = 0 ¬rUbTI 4-15d¦.
sikSadüaRkam nigcMNaMBIrebobkñúgkarsg;ExSekagepSg²edayeRbI dM / dx = V . epÞógpÞat;témøCaelx
sRmab;kMBUlExSekagedayeRbIsþaTic b¤edayKNnaRkLaépÞdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;edIm,IrkbERmbRmYl
m:Um:g;.

]TahrN_ 4-12³ KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;FñwmnImYy²EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-16.

dMeNaHRsay³
enAkñúgkrNInImYy² kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmRtUv)anKNna ehIyRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. Gnuvtþtambec©k-
eTs Edlerobrab;enAkñúg]TahrN_elIkmun düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðaj. eKRtUv
eFVIkarkt;cMNaMfadüaRkamTaMgenHRtUv)ansg;edayEp¥kelICRmal nigm:Um:g; Edl dV / dx = w nig

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -127

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dM / dx = V . eKKNnaTMhMrbs;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;edayeRbIviFImuxkat; b¤edayrkRkLaépÞdüa

RkambnÞúk nigRkLaépÞdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;.

$>$> düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;eRKag

(Shear and Moment Diagram for Frames)
rMlwkfaeRKagCarcnasm<½n§EdlGgát;CaeRcInRtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNbgáb; nigtMNsnøak;enAxag
cugrbs;va. karsikSaKNnaBIeRKOgbgÁúMenATamTarkarKUrdüaRkamkmøagM kat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;
Ggát;nImYy². edIm,IviPaKRKb;cMeNaTTaMgGs; eyIgGaceRbIdMeNIrkarsRmab;karviPaKEdlmanerobrab;
enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-3. dMbUg vaTamTarkarkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmeRKag. bnÞab;mkedayeRbIviFI
muxkat; eyIgGacrkkmøaMgtamG½kS kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;nImYy².
bnÞúkxageRkATaMgGs;RtUv)anbMEbk[eFVIGMeBIEkg nigRsbnwgG½kSrbs;Ggát; bnÞab;mkeKGacKUrdüaRkam
kmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²dUckarerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐelIkmun.
enAeBlKUrdüaRkamm:Um:g; eKeRcIneRbIkarkMNt;sBaØamYykñúgcMeNamBIrenAkñúgkarGnuvtþ. CaTUeTA
RbsinebIeRKagplitBIebtugGarem: GñksikSaKNnaniymKUrdüaRkamm:Um:g;viC¢manenAEpñkxagTajrbs;
eRKag. müa:gvijeTot RbsinebIm:Um:g;begáItkugRtaMgTajenAépÞxageRkArbs;eRKag. edaysarebtugman
ersIusþg;TajtUc enaHeKGacdwgBIEpñkEdlRtUvkarEdkBRgwgedayRKan;EteXIjdüaRkamm:Um:g;. b:uEnþenA
kñúgesovePAenH eyIgnwgeRbIkarkMNt;sBaØapÞúyBIGIVEdlerobrab;xagelI edayeyIgnwgKUrdüaRkamm:Um:g;
bUkenAEpñkrgkugRtaMgsgát;. karkMNt;sBaØaRtUv)anGnuvtþsRmab;FñwmEdlerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-1.
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -128
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIdMeNIrkarGnuvtþCaelx.

]TahrN_ 4-13³ KUrdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-17a. snμt;TRm B

CaTRmsnøak;.

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm³RbtikmμTRmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKagTaMgmUl ¬rUbTI 4-17b¦.
bnÞab;BIkat;eRKagenHCaBIrGgát; eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenAcugTRmedayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH ¬rUbTI 4-
17c¦. cMNaMfa eKbgðajEtbnÞúkxageRkA 25kN enAelIdüaRkamGgáesrIrbs;tMN C Etb:ueNÑaH.
düaRkamm:Um:g;³ edayeKarBtamkarkMNt;sBaØaEdlmantémøviC¢man nigedayeRbIbec©keTsEdlerobrab;
enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-3 düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;eRKagRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-17d.

]TahrN_ 4-14³ KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-

18a. snμt; A CaTRmsnøak; C CaTRmkl; ehIy B CatMNbgáb; (fixed joint).
dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm³ düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKagTaMgmUlRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-18b. enATIenH
bnÞúkBRgayEdltMNagedaybnÞúkxül;RtUv)anCMnYsedaykmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;va ehIyeKKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμ.

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -129

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bnÞab;mkeyIgkat;eRKagRtg;tMN B ehIyKNnakmøaMgkñúgenARtg;tMN B ¬rUbTI 4-18c¦. tamkar

RtYtBinitü smIkarlMnwgRtUv)anbMeBjenARtg;tMN B ehIyk¾RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;³ bgÁúMkmøaMg ¬kMub:Usg;¦énbnÞúkBRgay (72kN ) /(5m) = 14.4kN / m

ehIy (96kN )/(5m) = 19.2kN / m RtUv)anbgðajenAelIGgát; AB ¬rUbTI 4-18d¦. düaRkamkmøaMgkat;
nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-18d nig 4-18e.

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -130

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 4-15³ sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-

19a. snμt; A CaTRmsnøak; C CaTRmkl; ehIy B CatMNbgáb; (fixed joint). ecalkMras;rbs;Ggát;.
dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenAelIeRKagTaMgmUlRtUv)anKNna nigbgðajenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;va ¬rUbTI 4-
19b¦. BIdüaRkamenH eKKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Ggát;nImYy² ¬rUbTI 4-19¦. bgÁúMkmøaMgénkmøaMgpÁÜb
enAelIGgát; BC KW (9kN )cos 45o = (9kN )sin 45o = 6.364kN . dUcenHbgÁúMkmøaMgénbnÞúkBRgayelI
Ggát; BC KW 6.364kN / 4.243m = 1.5kN / m dUcbgðaj. edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH düaRkamkmøaMgkat;
nigdüaRkamm:Um;g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-19c.

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -131

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

$>%> karsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;edayeRbIviFItRmYtpl
(Moment diagrams constructed by the method of superposition)
edaysareKeRbIFñwmedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkugRtaMgBt; enaHdMeNaHRsayéndüaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)aneKeRbI
CacaM)ac;sRmab;karsikSaKNnamuxkat;rbs;Ggát;. enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-3 eKsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt; eday
dMbUgeKRtUvdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;. b:uEnþRbsinebIeyIgeRbIeKalkarN_tRmYtpl enaHeyIgGacKitkmøaMgEdl
manGMeBIelIFñwmdac;edayELkBIKña bnÞab;mkeyIgGacsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;énGgát;nImYy²EdlbNþalBI
kmøaMgGnuvtþn_nImYy². eyIgnwgeXIjBIGtßRbeyaCn_rbs;viFIenH enAeBleyIgGnuvtþviFIPaBdabeday
FrNImaRt (geometric deflection method) edIm,IkMNt;PaBdabrbs;Fñwm nigkmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwm
minkMNt;edaysþaTic.

sRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM bnÞúkPaKeRcInEdlmanGMeBIenAelIFñwmeRcInpSMeLIgedaybnÞúkEdl
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-20. karsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eFVIkarbUkbBa©ÚlKñamanbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_
4-8. edIm,Iyl;BIrebobeRbIviFItRmYlplsRmab;sg;düaRkamm:Um:g; eyIgniwgBicarNaFñwmTRmsamBaØenA
xagelI eKbMputénrUbTI 4-21a. enATIenHkmøaMgRbtikmμRtUv)anKNna dUcenHehIyRbB½n§kmøaMgenAelI
FñwmbegáIt)ankmøaMgpÁÜb nigm:Um:g;pÁÜbesμIsUnü. düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;krNIenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbxag
bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -132
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

elIeKbMputénrUbTI 4-21b. cMNaMfa eKsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ul (cantilevered beam)

enAeBl vargnUvRbB½n§kmøaMgsmmUledaysþaTiceTAnwgbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwmsamBaØ. RbesIrCag
karBicarNa bnÞúkTaMgGs;EdlGMeBIelIFñwmkñúgeBlEtmYysRmab;karsg;düaRkamm:Um:g; eyIgGaceFVIkar
bUkbBa©ÚlKñanUv lT§plénbnÞúknImYy²EdlmanGMeBIelIFñwmkugs‘ulbIdac;edayELkBIKñadUcbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 4-21a. dUcenH RbsinebIdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ulnImYy²RtUv)anKUr ¬rUbTI 4-21b¦
kareFVItRmytpléndüaRkamTaMgenHnaM[eyIgTTYl)andüaRkamm:Um:g;pÁÜbsRmab;FñwmTRmsamBaØ.
Ca]TahrN_ BIdüaRkamdac; edayELknImYy² m:Um:g;enAxagcug A KW M A = −500 − 750 + 1250 = 0
dUckarepÞógpÞat;edaydüaRkam m:Um:g;enAxagelIbMputénrUbTI 4-21b. enAkñúgkrNIxøH karsg;düaRkam
m:Um:g;edayeRbIviFItRmytplman lkçN³gayRsYlCag.

tamrebobdUcKña eyIgGacsMrYlkarsagsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmedayeRbIviFItRmytplénFñwm
TRmsamBaØ. Ca]TahrN_ bnÞúkenAelIFñwmEdlbgðajenAxagelIbMputénrUbTI 4-22a smmUleTAnwgFñwm
rgbnÞúkEdlbgðajenAxageRkamva. dUcenH eKGaceRbIdüaRkamm:Um:g;dac;edayELksRmab;FñwmTaMgbI
Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -133
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

sRmab; sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;rYmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-22b RbesIrCakarsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edayeRbI

bnÞúkCaeRcInmanGMeBIelIFñwmEtmYy.

]TahrN_ 4-16³ sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbxagelIbMputénrUbTI 4-23a

edayviFItRmYtpl. BicarNFñwmCaFñwmkugs‘ulBITRmenARtg;cMNuc B .
dMeNaHRsay³
RbsinebIFñwmRtUv)anRTCalkçN³Fñwmkugs‘ulenARtg;cMNuc B vaRtUvrgbnÞúksmmUledaysþaTicEdl
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-23a. karbUkbBa©ÚlKñanUvFñwmkugs‘ulTaMgbIRtUv)anbgðajenAxageRkamva edayrYm
CamYy nwgdüaRkamm:Um:g;énFñwmnImYy²kñúgrUbTI 4-23b. CMnYykñúgkarsg;düaRkamTaMgenH manbgðaj
enAkñúgrUb TI 4-20. eTaHbICamincaM)ac;enATIenHk¾eday eKKYrKUrdüaRkamm:Um:g;énbnÞúksrub. sRmab;kar
Gnuvtþ sakl,gsg;düaRkamenH nigRtYtBinitülT§plrbs;va.

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -134

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 4-17³ sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbxagelIbMputénrUbTI 4-24a

edayviFItRmytpl. BicarNFñwmCaFñwmkugs‘ulBITRmenARtg;cMNuc A .
dMeNaHRsay³
karbUkbBa©ÚlKñaénFñwmkugs‘ulRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-24 rYmCamYynwgdüaRkam:Um:g;EdlRtUvKñanwg
Fñwmkugs‘ulEdlrgbnÞúkdac;edayELkBIKñaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-24b. CMnYykñúgkarKUrdüaRkam
TaMgenHmanbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-12. cMNaMfa eKminKitkmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;snøak;EdlmanTMhM
100.7 kN eT edaysarvamin)anbegáItm:Um:g;eT. eKGaceRbIviFIenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-3 edIm,IepÞógpÞat;düa-

Rkamm:Um:g;srubEdl[enAkñúgrUbxagelIeKbMputénrUbTI 4-24b.

Internal loading developed in structural members T.Chhay -135

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bnÞúkxagkñúgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁMú T.Chhay -136

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
4>1> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g; 4>6> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g;
Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C nig D . snμt;faTRmRtg; Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C nig D . snμt;faTRmRtg;
cMNuc B CaTRmkl;. cMNuc C EdlmanTItaMg cMNuc A CaTRmkl; nig B CaTRmsnøak;.
enAxagsþaM bnÞúk 40kN Etbnþic.

4>2> KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt; 4>7> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g;

sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>1. Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C EdlsßitenAxagsþaMédTRm
4>3> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g; kl;Rtg; A . nigRtg;cMNuc D EdlenAxageqVg
Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc B . bnÞúk 15kN .

4>4> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>8> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>3. Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc B .
4>5> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g;
Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc C nig D . snμt;TRm B
CaTRmkl;. cMNuc D EdlmanTItaMgenAxag
sþaMbnÞúk 50kN Etbnþic.
4>9> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigm:Um:g;
Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C . snμt;faTRmRtg;cMNuc
A Ca TRmsnøak; nig B CaTRmkl;.

Problems T.Chhay -137

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4>10> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgrt 4>15> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

kRmalCaGnuKmn_én x Edl 4m < x < 8m . Bt;sRmab;rtkRmalenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>14.
snμt; faTRmRtg;cMNuc A CaTRmsnøak; nig B 4>16> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgEkg nig m:Um:g;Bt;
CaTRmkl;. enARtg;cMNuc E nig D énFñwmpSM.

4>17> RKwHebtugCab;RTssrBIrEdlrgbnÞúk. Rb
4>11> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; sinebIeKsnμt;fasm<aFdIxageRkamRKwHBRgayesμI
Bt;sRmab;rtkRmalenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>10. cUrkMNt;GaMgtg;sIuet w rbs;va nigcMgayKMlat
4>12> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nig m:Um:g; d rbs;ssrenARtg; B . KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat;

Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc C nig D . snμt; faTRm nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;rbs;RKwHenH.

Rtg;cMNuc A CaTRmsnøak; nig B CaTRmkl;.

4>13> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>18> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgEkg nigm:Um:g;Bt;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>12. enARtg;cMNuc C rbs;Fñwm.
4>14> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nig
m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc C . snμt;faTRm
Rtg;cMNuc A CaTRmsnøak; nig B CaTRmkl;.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -138
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

4>19> kMNt;cMgay a rvagTRmCaGnuKmn_én bnþic nig(b) cMNuc D EdlsßitenAxagsþaMbnÞúk

RbEvg rbs;Fñwm L edIm,I[m:Um:g;Bt;esμIsUnüenA cMNuc 12kN Etbnþic. snμt;faTRm B CaTRm
Rtg;cMNuckNþalrbs;Fñwm. GaMgtg;sIuetrbs; snøak;.
bnÞúkBRgayenARtg;kNþalFñwmKW wo .

4>25> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

4>20> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmCa Bt;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>24.
GnuKmn_én x . snμt;faTRmRtg;cMNuc B CaTRm 4>26> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmCa
kl;. GnuKmn_én x .

4>21> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>20. 4>27> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
4>22> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;CaGnuKmn_ Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.
én x Edl 2m < x < 4m .

4>23> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>28> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>22. Bt;sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ul.
4>24> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgEkg nigm:Um:g;Bt;
enARtg; (a) cMNuc C EdlsßitenAxageqVgTRmkl;
Problems T.Chhay -139
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TRmsnøak;. kRmalRtUv)anRTedayTRmsamBaØ
enAelIrnUtRtg; C / D / E / F nig G .

4>29> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm nigkMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;
enAkñúgFñwmCaGnuKmn_én x . 4>33> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;rtkRmalenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>32.
4>34> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmCa
GnuKmn_én x .

4>30> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm nigkMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;
enAkñúgFñwmCaGnuKmn_én x .
4>35> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ulenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>34.
4>36> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwm
kugs‘ulsþÜc (tapered cantilever beam) Ca
4>31> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; GnuKmn_én x .
Bt;sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ul.

4>37> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

4>32> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgrt
Bt;sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ulenAkñúgcMeNaT 4>36.
kRmalCaGnuKmn_ én x Edl1m < x < 2m .
snμt;faTRmenARtg;cMNuc A CaTRmkl; nig B Ca
cMeNaT T.Chhay -140
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

4>38> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>41> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm ehIykMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt; Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.
enAkñúgFñwmCaGnuKmn_én x .

4>42> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwm

CaGnuKmn_én x nigsg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nig
4>39> eKeRbIrts<an (pier) ebtugGarem:edIm,IRT düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.
FñwmsRmab;RTkRmals<an. sg;düaRkamkmøaMg
kat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;rts<anenAeBlvarg
bnÞúkBIFñwmdUcbgðaj. snμt;ssrenARtg;cMNuc A
nig B GnuvtþEtkmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄreTAelIrt
enaH. 4>43> Fñwmrgm:Um:g;BRgayesμI
m ¬m:Um:g; / RbEvg¦. sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;

nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt; sRmab;Fñwm.

4>44> RbB½n§kRmalsRmab;GKarmYypSMeLIg
4>40> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; eday rtEdlRTrnUtTTwg ehIyrnUtenaHRT
Bt;sRmab;Fñwm. TRmRtg; A nig B GnuvtþEtkmøaMg kRmalbnþ eTotedayTRmsamBaØ. sg;düa
RbtikmμbBaÄreTAelIFñwm. RkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;rt.
snμt;rtRTedayTRmsamBaØ.

Problems T.Chhay -141

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4>45> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>49> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm. Bt;sRmab;Fñwm. cMNuc C Casnøak;.

4>46> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt;faTRmRtg;cMNuc B Ca 4>50> FñwmebtugRTCBa¢aMgEdlGnuvtþbnÞúkBRgay
TRmsnøak; nig A CaTRmkl;. mkelIFñwmdUcbgðaj. FñwmenHmanTMhMmuxkat;
300mm × 650mm nigeFVIBIebtugEdlmandg;sIu-

et γ = 23.6kN / m3 . sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat;
nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm ehIykMNt;m:Um:g;
Gtibrma nigm:Um:g;Gb,brmaenAkñúgFñwm.
ecalTm¶n;rbs;EdkBRgwgnAkñúgFñwm.
4>47> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt;faTRmRtg;cMNuc B CaTRm
snøak;;.
4>51> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.

4>48> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.
4>52> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -142

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

4>53> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.
4>57> bnÞHEdk ABC nig BCD RtUv)anP¢ab;
bBa©ÚlKñaedayb‘ULúgy:agrlugdUcbgðaj. Rbsin
ebIb‘ULúgenHGnuvtþEtRbtikmμbBaÄreTAelIbnÞH cUr
kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm nigsg;düaRkam
4>54> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; kmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;bnÞHnImYy².
Bt;sRmab;FñwmpSM. kMNat;FñwmRtUv)antP¢ab;eday
snøak;enARtg;tMN B nig D .

4>58> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmpSM. kMNat;FñwmRtUv)antP¢ab;eday
4>55> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; snøak;enARtg;tMN B .
Bt;sRmab;Fñwm.

4>56> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>59> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgEkg nigm:Um:g;Bt;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmpSM. vaRtUv)anRTedaybnÞHrelag enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc D nigcMNuc E . cMNuc E
enA Rtg; A EdlrGilenAkñúgcg¥Úr dUcenHehIyva sßit enAxagsþaMbnÞúk 20kN bnþic. snμt;faTRm
minGacRTbnÞúkbBaÄr b:uEnþvaGacTb;Tl;m:Um:g; nig Rtg;cMNuc A CaTRmkl;/ B CatMNsnøak;; nig
C CaTRmbgáb;.
bnÞúkedk.

Problems T.Chhay -143

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4>60> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Fñwm CDE . snμt;fa A CaTRmkl;
ehIy B TRmsnøak;. D nig E CatMNbgáb;.

4>63> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;fa A Ca
TRmbgáb;/ B CatMNsnøak;; ehIy C TRmkl;.

4>61> FñwmlyRtUv)anplitedaymanGgát;bBaÄr
BD enABIelI. sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüa-

Rkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Fñwm ABC RbsinebIvaRT

bnÞúk 3.6kN . CMnYy³ eKCMnYsbnÞúkenAkñúg
Ggát; DE edaybnÞúksmmUlenARtg;cMNuc B
enAelIG½kSrbs;Fñwm.

4>64> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;fa A Ca
TRmsnøak;/ C CaTRmkl;;. tMN B CatMNbgáb;.
bnÞúkxül;RtUv)anepÞreTAGgát;tamry³rnUt nig
4>62> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; r)arTTwg.
Bt;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;fa A Ca
TRmsnøak;; ehIy D TRmkl;.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -144
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

4>67> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmedayviFItRmytpl. KitFñwmCa
FñwmTRmsamBaØ. snμt; A CaTRmsnøak; nig B
CaTRmkl;.
4>65> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;fa A /
C / D CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B CatMNbgáb;.

4>68> edaHRsay 4>67 eLIgvij edayKitfaFñwm

CaFñwmkugs‘ulBITRmsnøak; A .
4>69> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
Bt;sRmab;FñwmedayviFItRmytpl. KitfaFñwm
CaFñwmkugs‘ulBITRmsnøak; A .

4>66> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; 4>70> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;fa A / Bt;sRmab;FñwmedayviFItRmytpl.
nig C CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B CatMNsnøak;.

Problems T.Chhay -145

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

4>71> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;FñwmedayviFItRmytpl.
KitfaFñwmCaFñwm kugs‘ulBITRmsnøak; A .

KMerag-2> sMyabEdleXIjenAkñúgrUbftpþl;Ca
møb;sRmab;pøÚvcUlGKar. BicarNaRKb;Ggát;TaMg
Gs;CaTRmsamBaØ. r)arrnUtenARtg; C / D / E /
F manTm¶n; 0.6kN ehIymanRbEvg 6m . dMbUl
KMerag-1> y:mYymanTItaMgenACan;TIbIrbs;m:UETl
mankMras;100mm nigeFVIBIebtugTm¶n;RsalEdl
dUceXIjkñúgrUbft. eKsg;vaedayeRbIkRmal
mandg;sIuet16kN / m3 . bnÞúkGefrEdlbgá
ebtug kMras;100mm edayQrenAelIFñwmkRmal
edaykarkkrwgénRBilRtUv)ansnμt;famanragctu
TRmsamBaØbYn EdlkñúgenaHmanrtkugs‘ulxag
ekaNBñayCamYynwgbnÞúk 3kN / m enAcugxagsþaM
BIr AB nig HG / nigrtmuxeRkay. bøg;m:UEDl
nig1kN / m enAcugxageqVg. snμt;fakRmal
rbs;eRKag CamYynwgTMhMrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajenA
ebtug RtUv)anRTedayTRmsamBaØcenøaHr)ar
kñúgrUbxag eRkam. eyagtamkUdtMbn; bnÞúkGefr
rnUt. sg; düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;
EdlmanGMeBIelIy:KW 2kN / m 2 . KUrdüaRkam
sRmab;rt AB . ecalTm¶n;rbs;va.
kmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;rtxagmux
BG nigrtxag AB . snμt;rtxagmuxCaEdk

EdlmanragGkSr C EdlmanTm¶n; 0.36kN / m

ehIyrtxagmanmux kat;GkSr I EdlmanTm¶n;
0.66kN / m . ecal Tm¶n;rbs;FñwmkRmal

nigbgáan;édxagmux.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -146

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

KMerag-3> bøg;eRKagmU:EDlsRmab;RbB½n§kRmal
xNÐEdl manTItaMgenAkñúgrebogTTYlePJóvén
GKarkariyal½yRtUv)anbgðajkñúgrUb. kRmal
RtUv)anplit BIebtugBRgwgedayEdkEdlman
kRmas; 100mm . RbsinebICBa¢aMgrbs;CeNþIr
ynþeyageFVIBIbøúktan; ebtugTm¶n;RsalkRmas;
100mm nigmankm<s; 3m kMNt;m:Um:g;Gtibrma

enAkñúgFñwm AB . ecal Tm¶n;rbs;Ggát;.

Problems T.Chhay -147

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

%> kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr

Cables and arches

kab nig arch begáIt)anCaFatuRTbnÞúkcMbgenAkñúgRbePTeRKOgbgÁúMCaeRcIn ehIyenAkñúgCMBUk

enHnwgerobrab;BIKMnitEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMTaMgenH. CMBUkenHcab;epþImCamYynwgkarerob
rab;CalkçN³TUeTAénkab nigbnþedaykarviPaKkabEdlrgbnÞúkcMcMNuc nigrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI. edaysar
arch PaKeRcInCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic enaHmanEt three-hinged arch EdlmanlkçN³Biess

nwgRtUv)anykmkerobrab;enAkñúgCMBUkenH. karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMenHnwgpþl;nUvsBaØaNxøHBImUldæanénkar
eFVIkarrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM arch TaMgGs;.

%>!> kab (Cables)

CaerOy² eKeRbIkabenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMvisVkmμsRmab;RT nigedIm,IbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkBIGgát;mYyeTAGgát;
mYy. enAeBleKeRbIkabedIm,IyYrdMbUlBüÜr (suspension roof) s<anBüÜr (suspension bridge) nig
trolley wheel, kabmanCaTICaFatuTTYlbnÞúkd¾sMxan;enAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúM. sRmab;karviPaKkmøaMgénRbB½n§

eRKOgbgÁúM EbbenH Tm¶n;pÞal;xøÜnrbs;kabRtUv)anecal b:uEnþenAeBleKeRbIkabCaExSbBa©ÚnGKÁisnI b¤eRbI

vaenAkñúgGg;EtnviTüú nigm:asIunsÞÚc enaHTm¶n;pÞal;rbs;kabnwgkøayCasMxan; ehIyeKRtUvEtKitbBa©Úlva
eTAkñúgviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM. enAkñúgkfaxNÐbnÞab;nwgmanerobrab;BI³ kabrgbnÞúkcMcMNuc nigkabrgbnÞúk
BRgayesμI. kñúgkrNIEdlbnÞúk nigkansßitenAkñúgbøg;EtmYy enaHkarviPaKTamTarsmIkarlMnwgRsedog
Kña.
enAbegáItTMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMgenAkñúgkabCamYynwgCRmalrbs;va eyIgRtUveFVIkarsnμt;fakab
manlkçN³bt;Ebn nigminGaclUt)an (perfectly flexible and inextensible). edaysarPaBbt;Ebn
(flexibility) rbs;va kabminTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat; nigm:m U :g;Bt; dUcenHkmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenAkñúgkab
EtgEtb:H (tangent) eTAnwgkabRKb;cMNucTaMgGs;tambeNþayRbEvgrbs;va. edaysarvaminGac
lUt)an dUcenHkabmanRbEvgefrTaMgmun nigeRkaykarGnuvtþbnÞúk. CalT§pl enAeBleKGnuvtþbnÞúk
eTAelIkab eKGacKitfakab b¤kMNat;rbs;vaCaGgÁFaturwg.

%>@> kabrgbnÞúkcMcMNuc (Cables subjected to concentrated loads)

enAeBlEdlkabEdlecalTm¶n;pÞal;xøÜnyYrbnÞúkcMcMNucCaeRcIn enaHkabmanragCakMNat;bnÞat;
Rtg;CaeRcIn EdlkMNat;nImYy²kmøaMgTajefr. ]TahrN_ eKmankabdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-1. enATI
kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -148
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

enH θ CamMurvagkab AB CamYynwgG½kSedk ehIy L CaRbEvgrbs;kab dUcbgðajkñúgrUb. RbsibebIeK

sÁal;cm¶ay L1 / L2 / L3 nigbnÞúk P1 / P2 enaHeKRtUvkMNt;GBaØatcMnYn 9 EdlrYmmankmøaMgTajenAkñúg
kMNat;TaMgbI bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμTaMgbUnenARtg;cMNuc A nig B nigRbEvgdk; (sag) yC nig y D enARtg;
cMNuc C nig D . sRmab;dMeNaHRsay eyIgGacsresrsmIkarlMnwgcMnYnBIrenARtg;cMNuc A / B / C
nig D enaHeyIg)ansmIkarcMnYn 8 . edIm,IbMeBjdMeNaHRsay eKcaM)ac;RtUvkarsmIkarmYyeTotEdl
Tak;TgnwgragFrNImaRtrbs;kab. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI LT CaRbEvgsrubrbs;kab enaHeKGaceRbIRTwsþI
BItaK½r (Pythagorean theorem) edIm,IP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvag LT eTAnwgRbEvgkMNat;TaMgbI edaysresrCa
GnuKmn_eTAnwg θ / yC / y D / L1 / L2 nig L3 . EteKminGacedaHRsaycMeNaTRbePTenHedayéd)an
edaygayRsYleT. buEnþeKmanlT§PaBpSgeTotKWkMNt;RbEvgdk; yC b¤ y D CMnYs[RbEvgkab.
edayeFVIEbbenH enaHeKGacTTYl)ansmIkarlMnwgRKb;RKan;sRmab;TTYlkmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat nigRbEvg
dk;EdlenAsl;. enAeBleKTTYl)anRbEvgdk; (sag) enARtg;cugnImYy²rbs;bnÞúkehIy eKGackMNt;
RbEvg LT edayRtIekaNmaRt.
enAeBlGnuvtþkarviPaKlMnwgsRmab;RbePTcMeNaTEbbenH eKk¾GacTTYl)ankmøaMgkñúgrbs;kab
edaysresrsmIkarlMnwgsRmab;kabTaMgmUl b¤sRmab;kMNat;kabk¾)an. ]TahrN_Catémøelxxag
eRkamenHnwgbgðajBIKMnitTaMgenH.

]TahrN_ 5-1³ kMNt;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkMNat;kabEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-2a. ehIykMNt;TMhM

h ?
dMeNaHRsay³ edaykarGegát eKmaneKmanGBaØatbYnCa kmøaMgRbtikmμ ¬ A / A / D nig D ¦ nig
x y x y

GBaØatbICakmøaMgTajkñúgkab ¬enAkñúgkMNat;kabnImYy²¦.
Cables and Arches T.Chhay -149
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKGackMNt;GBaØatTaMg 7 CamYynwgRbEvg dk; h BIsmIkarlMnwg

EdlGacrk)ancMnYn 8 ¬ ∑ Fx = 0 / ∑ Fy = 0 ¦EdlGnuvtþeTA
elIcMNuc A rhUtdl; cMNuc D .
viFIkñúgkaredaHRsayEdlmanlkçN³edaypÞal;KWkMNt;
CRmalrbs;kMNat;kab CD ehIydüaRkamGgÁesrIénkabTaMgmUl
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-2b. eyIgGacTTYl)ankmøaMgTaj
enAkñúgkMNat;kab CD dUcxageRkam³
+ ∑M A = 0
TCD (3 / 5)(2m ) + TCD (4 / 5)(5.5m ) − 3kN (2m ) − 8kN (4m ) = 0

TCD = 6.79kN
\LÚveyIgGacviPaKlMnwgéncMNuc C nig B CabnþbnÞab;.
sRmab;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 5-2c¦
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 6.79kN (3 / 5) − TBC cos θ BC = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 6.79kN (4 / 5) − 8kN + TBC sin θ BC = 0

θ BC = 32.3o TBC = 4.82kN

sRmab;cMNuc B ¬rUbTI 5-2d¦
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 − TBA cos θ BA + 4.82kN cos 32.3o = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0

TBA sin θ BA − 4.82kN sin 32.3o − 3kN = 0

θ BC = 53.8 o TBA = 6.90kN

dUcenH BIrUbTI 5-2a
h = (2m ) tan 53.8 o = 2.74m

%>#> kabrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI (Cables subjected to a uniform distributed loads)

kabpþl;nUvmeFüa)ayd¾manRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarRTTm¶n;efrrbs;rt b¤kRmals<anEdlmanRbEvg
ElVgEvg². s<anBüÜr (suspension bridge) Ca]TahrN_EdlkRmals<anRtUv)anyYredaykabedayeRbI
kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -150
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

sMnuMénkabBüÜr (hanger) EdlmanKMlatesμI²Kña nigEk,r²Kña.

edIm,IviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMEbbenH dMbUgeyIgRtUvkMNt;rUbragrbs;kabEdlrgbnÞúkBRgayesμIbBaÄr
wo ¬rUbTI 5-3a¦. enATIenH eKalrbs;G½kS x nig y manTItaMgenAcMNuceRkambMput dUcenHCRmalenA

Rtg;cMNucenHesμIsUnü. düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat;kabd¾tUcEdlmanRbEvg Δs RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg

rUbTI 5-3b. edaysarkmøaMgTajenAkñúgkabpøas;bþÚrCabnþbnÞab;TaMgTMhM nigTistambeNþayRbEvgkab
enaHeKtagbERmbRmYlenHeday ΔT enAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrI. kmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;bnÞúkBRgayesμIRtUv)antag
eday wo Δx EdlmanGMeBIenAcm¶ay Δx / 2 BIcMNuc O . edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg eyIg)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 − T cos θ + (T + ΔT ) cos(θ + Δθ ) = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − T sin θ − wo (Δx ) + (T + ΔT )sin (θ + Δθ ) = 0
+ ∑ MO = 0 wo (Δx )(Δx / 2) − T cos θΔy + T sin θΔx = 0
edayEcksmIkarTaMgenHnwg Δx ehIy[lImItén Δx → 0 rYceFVIdUcKñasRmab; Δy → 0 / Δθ → 0

nig ΔT → 0 eyIgTTYl)an
d (T cos θ )
=0 (5-1)
dx
d (T sin θ )
= wo (5-2)
dx
dy
= tan θ (5-3)
dx
edayeFVIGaMgetRkalsmIkar 5-1 Edl T = FH enARtg; x = 0 eyIgman
T cos θ = FH (5-4)
EdlbgðajbgÁúMkmøaMgedkenARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;tam beNþaykabenArkSatémøefr.
edayeFVIGaMgetRkalsmIkar 5-2/ nigedaydwgfa T sin θ = 0 enARtg; x = 0 eyIg)an
T sin θ = wo x (5-5)
Cables and Arches T.Chhay -151
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayEcksmIkar 5-5 CamYynwgsmIkar 5-4 kmøaMg T RtUv)ansRmYl. bnÞab;mkedayeRbIsmIkar 5-3

eyIgGacTTYl)anCRmalenARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;
dy wo x
tan θ = = (5-6)
dx FH
edayeFVIGaMgetRkalelIkTIBIrCamYynwg y = 0 enAeBl x = 0 eyIg)an
wo 2
y= x (5-7)
2 FH
vaCasmIkarGnuKmn_)a:ra:bUl. eKGacTTYltémørfr FH edayeRbIlkçxNÐRBMEdn y = h enARtg; x = L .
w L2
dUcenH FH = o
2h
(5-8)

cugbBa©b; edayCMnYstémø FH énsmIkar 5-8 eTAkñúgsmIkar 5-7 eyIg)an

h
y= 2
x2 (5-9)
L
BIsmIkar 5-4 kmøaMgTajGtibrmaenAkñúgkabekItmanenAeBl θ mantémøGtibrma eBalKWenAeBl
x = L . dUcenH BIsmIkar 5-4 nig 5-5

Tmax = FH2 + (wo L )2 (5-10)

b¤ edayeRbIsmIkar 5-8 eyIgGacsresr Tmax CaGnuKmn_én wo eBalKW

Tmax = wo L 1 + (L / 2h )2 (5-11)
eKRtUvcMNaMfa eKminKitTm¶n;rbs;kabEdlBRgayesμItambeNþayRbEvgkab minEmntamRbEvgcMeNal
edkrbs;vaeT. Cak;Esþg kabEdlRKan;EtrgbnÞúkpÞal;xøÜnedayminrgbnÞúkxageRkAk¾manragekag
(catenary curve) Edr. b:uEnþRbsinebIpleFobRbEvgdk;elIElVg (sag-to-span ratio) mantémøtUc

EdlCakrNIsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMGnuvtþn_PaKeRcIn ExSekagenHxiteTArkrag)a:ra:bUl dUcEdl)ankMNt;enA

TIenH.

BI;lT§plénkarviPaKenH ExSekagenAEtrkSarag)a:ra:bUldEdl kñúgkrNIbnÞúkefrrbs;kRmal

deck sRmab;s<anBüÜr b¤sRmab;rtEdlBüÜrBRgayesμIelIRbEvgcMeNaledkrbs;kab. dUcenHRbsinebI

kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -152

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

rt enAkñúgrUbTI 5-4a RtUv)anBüÜredayes‘rIénkabBüÜrEdlmanKMlatesμIKña nigEk,rKña enaHbnÞúkenAkñúg

kabBüÜrnImYy²RtUvEtesμIKñaedIm,IFananUvrag)a:ra:bUlrbs;kabsñÜ.
edayeRbIkarsnμt;xagelIenH eyIgGacGnuvtþkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMénrt b¤énrcnasm<½n§déTepSg
eTotEdlBüÜredayesrI. CaBiess RbsinebIrtRTedayTRmsamBaØehIyRtUv)anBüÜredaykabeTotenaH
karviPaKnwgkøayCaminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTI1 ¬rUbTI 5-4b¦. b:uEnþRbsinebIrtmansnøak;enARtg;
cMNucNamYytambeNþayrt ¬rUbTI 5-4c¦ enHvanwgpþl;lkçxNÐm:Um:g;sUnü ehIyeKGacviPaKvaCart
kMNt;edaysþaTic.

]TahrN_ 5-2³ kabenAkúñgrUb 5-5a yYrrtEdlmanTm¶n; 12kN / m . kMNt;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkab

enARtg;cMNuc A / B nig C .

dMeNaHRsay³
eKalrbs;G½kSkUGredaenRtUv)ankMNt;ykenARtg;cMNuc B ¬cMNucTabCageKenAelIExSkab¦ Edlman
CRmal (slope) sUnü ¬rUbTI 5-5b¦. BIsmIkar 5-7 smIkar)a:ra:bUlsRmab;kabKW³
wo 2 12kN / m 2 6 2
y= x = x = x (1)
2 FH 2 FH FH
edaysnμt;facMNuc C mancm¶ay x' BI B eyIgman
6 2
6= x'
FH
FH = 1.0 x ' 2 (2)
dUcKña sRmab;cMNuc A
Cables and Arches T.Chhay -153
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

12 =
6
[− (30 − x')]2
FH

12 =
6
2
[− (30 − x')]2
1.0 x'

x' 2 +60 x'−900 = 0

x '= 12.43m
dUcenH BIsmIkar 2 nig 1 ¬b¤smIkar 5-6¦ eyIg)an
FH = 1.0(12.43)2 = 154.4kN
dy 12
= x = 0.07772 x (3)
dx 154.4
enARtg;cMNuc A
x = −(30 − 12.43) = −17.57m

= 0.07772(− 17.57 ) = −1.366

dy
tan θ A =
dx x = −53.79o

θ A = −53.79 o
edayeRbIsmIkar 5-4
FH 154.4
TA = = = 261.4kN
(
cos θ A cos − 53.79 o )
enARtg;cMNuc B / x = 0
dy
tan θ B = =0 θ B = 0o
dx x =0
FH 154.4
TB = = = 154.4kN
cos θ B cos 0 o
enARtg;cMNuc C / x = 12.43m
= 0.0772(12.43) = 0.966
dy
tan θ C =
dx x =12.43

θ C = 44.0 o
FH 154.4
TC = = = 214.6kN
cos θ C cos 44.0 o

]TahrN_ 5-3³ s<anBüÜrenAkñúgrUbTI 5-6a RtUv)ansg;edayeRbI stiffening truss BIrEdlP¢ab;Kña

edaysnøak;enARtg;cMNuc C enAmanTRmsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc A nigTRmkl;enARtg;cMNuc B . kMNt;
kmøaMgTaj GtibrmaenAkñúgkab IH . kabmanrag)a:ra:bUl ehIys<anrgbnÞúkeTal 50kN .

kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -154

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³ düaRkamGgÁesrIénRbB½n§kab nig truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-6b. eyagtam

smIkar 5-4 ¬ T cosθ = FH ¦ bgÁúMkmøaMgedkrbs;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkabenARtg;cMNuc I nig H RtUvEt
mantémøefrKWesμInwg FH . Kitm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc B eyIgman
+ ∑MB = 0 − I y (24m ) − A y (24m ) + 50kN (9m ) = 0

I y + Ay = 18.75

RbsinebIeKKiteRKOgbgÁúMBüÜrEtBak;kNþal ¬rUbTI 5-6c¦ enaHkareFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;snøak; C eyIg)an

+ ∑MC = 0 FH (14m ) − FH (6m ) − I y (12m ) − A y (12m ) = 0

I y + A y = 0.667 FH

BIsmIkarTaMgBIr
18.75 = 0.667 FH

FH = 28.125kN

Cables and Arches T.Chhay -155

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edIm,ITTYlkmøaMgTajGtibrmaenAkñúgkab eyIgnwgeRbIsmIkar 5-11 b:uEnþdMbUgeyIgcaM)ac;kMNt;témøbnÞúk

BRgaysnμt; wo BIsmIkar 5-8³
2 FH h 2(28.125kN )(8m )
wo = = = 3.125kN / m
L (12m )2
dUcenH edayeRbIsmIkar 5-11 eyIgman
Tmax = wo L 1 + (L / 2h )2

= 3.125(12m ) 1 + (12m / 2(8m ))2

= 46.9kN

%>$> eRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr (Arches)

dUckrNIkabEdr eKeRbI arch edIm,Ikat;bnßym:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanElVgEvg². Ca
Biess arch eFVIkardUcCakabEdlmanlkçN³bRBa©as dUcenHvargkugRtaMgsgát;CacMbgenAeBlEdl
bnÞúkxageRkAmanGMeBIelIva. edaysarPaBrwgmaMrbs;va vak¾RtUvTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;Bt; nigkmøaMgkat;xøH
edayGaRs½yeTAnwgrebobénkarrgbnÞúk nigrUbragrbs;va. RbsinebI arch manrag)a:ra:bUl ehIyvarg
nUvbnÞúkBRgayesμIbBaÄr enaHBIkarviPaKkabbgðajfa arch RtUvTb;Tl;EtnwgkmøaMgsgát;b:ueNÑaH. rUbrag
arch kñúglkçxNÐenHRtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa funicular arch edaysarminmanm:Um:g; nigkmøaMgkat;

ekItmanenAkñúg arch.

eRKOgbgÁúM arch KMrURtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-7 EdlbgðajBIeQμaHsMKal;epSg². GaRs½ynwg

karGnuvtþ eKGaceRCIserIsRbePT arch CaeRcInedIm,IRTbnÞúk. Fixed arch ¬rUbTI 5-8a¦ CaerOy²
RtUv)anplitBIebtugGarem:. eTaHbICavaTamTarsMPar³ticsRmab;karsagsg; arch EbbenHCagkarsag
sg; arch RbePTepSgeTot EtvaRtUvmanRKwHtan; (solid foundation) edaysarvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTicdWeRkTIbI. Cavi)ak kugRtaMgbEnßmGacekItmanenAkñúg arch edaysarsRmuténTRmrbs;va.
Two-hinged arch ¬rUbTI 5-8b¦ CaFmμtaRtUv)anplitBIEdk b¤eQI. vaCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;eday

sþaTicdWeRkTImYy. eTaHbIvaminrwgdUc fixed arch EtvaGacrgplb:HBal;edaysarsRmuttictYc. eyIg

kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -156
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

GaceFVI[vakøayCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTicedayCMnYsTRmsnøak;mYyedayTRmkl;. b:uEnþ kareFVIEbb

enH eFVI[vadklT§PaBrbs;vaedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarBt;tambeNþayElVgrbs;va ehIyCalT§plvanwg
eFVIkarCaFñwmekag (curved beam) minEmnCa arch eT. Three-hinged arch ¬rUbTI 5-8c¦
EdleKGacsg;vaBIEdk b¤eQI ehIyvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. mindUc arch minkMNt;edaysþaTic
vaminrg\T§iBlBIsRmut b¤bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBeT. cugeRkay RbsinebIeKsg; two-hinged arch b¤
three-hinged arch edayminRtUvkarRKwHFM nigRbsinebIminmanbBaðaerOglMh enaHeKGacP¢ab;TRmrbs;va

eday tie rod ¬rUbTI 5-8d¦. Tie rod eFVI[eRKOgbgÁúMeFVIkarCaeRKOgbgÁúMrwg edaysar tie rod Tb;Tl;nwg
bgÁúMkmøaMgtamTisedkenARtg;TRm. vaminrg\T§iBledaysRmutrbs;TRmeT.

%>%> eRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄrsnøak;bI (Three-hinged arches)

edIm,IeXIjBIrebobEdl arch bBa©ÚnkmøaMg eyIgnwgBicarNaBIkarviPaK three-hinged arch dUc
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-9a. enAkúñgkrNienH snøak;TIbImanTItaMgsßitenAcMNucx<s;bMputrbs; arch (crown)
ehIyTRmmannIv:UxusKña. edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm eKRtUvbMEbk arch enH ehIydüaRkam
GgÁesrIrbs;GgÁt;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-9b. enATIenH eKmanGBaØatcMnYn 6 ehIyeKGac
mansmIkarlMnwgcMnYn 6 Edr. viFImYykñúgkaredaHRsaycMeNaTenHKWGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc
A nigRtg;cMNuc B . eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμ C x nig C y BIRbB½n§smIkarenH. eKGacTTYl)an

kmøaMgEkg kmøaMgkat; m:Um:g;Bt;enARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;tambeNþay arch edayeRbIviFImuxkat;. eKRtUvkat;

Ggát;[EkgnwgG½kSbeNþayrbs;vaRtg;cMNucEdlRtUvBicarNa. ]TahrN_ düaRkamGgÁesrIsRmab;
kMNat; AD RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-9c.
Cables and Arches T.Chhay -157
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Three-hinged arch k¾GacmanTRmg;Ca truss BIrP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak; (two pin-connected

trusses) Edl truss nImYy²CMnYs[kMNat; arch AC nig CB enAkñúgrUbTI 5-9a. karviPaKTRmg;Ebb

enHGnuvtþdUckarerobrab;xagelI. ]TahrN_CatémøelxxageRkamnwgbgðajBIviFITaMgenH.

]TahrN_ 5-4³ three-hinged open-spandrel arch bridge EdleXIjenAkñúgrUbTI 5-10a man

rag)a:ra:bUl nigRTbnÞúkBRgayesμI. bgðajfa arch )a:ra:bUlrgEtkmøaMgsgát;tamG½kSenARtg;cMNucxag
kñúgdUcCacMNuc D CaedIm. snμt;fabnÞúkBRgayesμIRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAkMNat; arch.

kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -158

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
enATIenH TRmrbs;vasßitelInIv:UdUcKña. düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs; arch TaMgmUl nigrbs;kMNat; BC RtUv)an
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-10b nig 5-10c. edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg eyIg)an
sRmab; arch TaMgmUl³
+ ∑M A = 0 C y (40m ) − 320kN (20m ) = 0

C y = 160kN

sRmab;kMNat;; arch BC ³
+ ∑MB = 0 − 160kN (10m ) + 160kN (20m ) − C x (10m ) = 0

C x = 160kN
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 B x = 160kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 B y − 160kN + 160kN = 0

By = 0

muxkat;rbs; arch Edlkat;tamcMNuc D / x = 10m / y = −10(10 )2 / (20 )2 = −2.5m dUcbgðajenAkñúg

rUbTI 5-10d. CRmalrbs;kMNat; arch enARtg; D KW
dy − 20
tan θ = = x = −0.5
dx (20 )2
x =10 m

θ = −26.6 o
edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg ¬rUbTI 5-10d¦ eyIg)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 160kN − N D cos 26.6 o − VD sin 26.6 o = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − 80kN + N D sin 26.6 o − VD cos 26.6 o = 0

+ ∑MD = 0 M D + 80kN (5m ) − 160kN (2.5m ) = 0

N D = 178.9kN

VD = 0

MD = 0
cMNaM³ RbsinebI arch manragepSgBIenH b¤RbsinebIbnÞúkminBRgayesμI enaHkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;nwg
minesμIsUnüeT. ehIy RbsinebIeKeRbIFñwmTRmsamBaØedIm,IRTbnÞúkBRgayesμI vaRtUvTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;Bt;
Gtibrma M = 1600kN .m . eyIgeXIjfavaBitCamanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgsgát;edaypÞal;
¬eTaHbICaeKRtUvBicarNaBI;lT§PaBén buckling k¾eday¦ CagkarTb;Tl;bnÞúkedaym:Um:g;Bt;.
Cables and Arches T.Chhay -159
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 5-5³ Three-hinged tied arch rgnUvbnÞúkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-11a. kMNt;kmøaMgenA

kñúgGgát; CH nig CB . Ggát;EdlmanbnÞat;dac;² GF rbs; truss CaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü.

dMeNaHRsay³
eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμTRmBIdüaRkamGgÁesrIén arch TaMgmUl ¬rUbTI 5-11b¦³
+ ∑M A = 0 E y (12m ) − 15kN (3m ) − 20kN (6m ) − 15kN (9m ) = 0

E y = 25kN
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay − 15kN − 20kN − 15kN + 25kN = 0

Ay = 25kN

eKGackMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc C edayBicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat; arch

xageqVg ¬rUbTI 5-11c¦. eKtagbgÁúMkmøaMgTaMgenHedaykmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;Ggát; CF nig CD EdleFVIGMeBIenA
Rtg;cMNuc C . dMbUg eyIgRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúg rod³
+ ∑MC = 0 FAE (5m ) − 25kN (6m ) + 15kN (3m ) = 0

kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -160

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

FAE = 21.0kN
bnÞab;mk
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 − C x + 21.0kN = 0

C x = 21.0kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 25kN − 15kN − 20kN + C y = 0

C y = 10kN

edIm,ITTYl)ankmøaMgenAkñúg CH nig CB eyIgGaceRbIviFItMNdUcxageRkam³

tMN G ¬rUbTI 5-11d¦
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 FGC − 20kN = 0

FGC = 20kN (C )
tMN C ¬rUbTI 5-11e¦
+ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
→ ∑ Fx = 0 FCB ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − 21.0kN − FCH ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 0
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 FCB ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + FCH ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − 20kN + 10kN = 0
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
dUcenH FCB = 26.9kN (C )

FCH = 4.74kN (T )

]TahrN_ 5-6³ Three-hinged trussed arch EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5-12a RTbnÞúksIuemRTI. kMNt;

kMNt; h1 éntMN B nigtMN D edIm,I[ arch manragCa funicular shape. Ggát; HG CaGgát;kmøaMg
sUnü.

Cables and Arches T.Chhay -161

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
sRmab;bnÞúksIuemRTI/ funicular shape sRmab; arch RtUvEtmanragCa)a:ra:bUldUcbgðajedaybnÞat;dac;
¬rUb TI 5-12b¦. enATIenH eyIgRtUvrksmIkarEdlRtUvnwgrUbragenH. CamYynwgG½kS x / y Edlman
Kl;enA Rtg;cMNuc C smIkarRtUvmanTRmg; y = −cx 2 . edIm,ITTYl)ancMnYnefr c eyIgtRmUv[
− (4.5m ) = −c(6m )2

c = 0.125 / m
dUcenH y D = −(0.125 / m )(3m )2 = −1.125m

BIrUbTI 5-12a
h1 = 4.5m − 1.125m = 3.375m
edayeRbItémøenH ¬RbsinebIeKGnuvtþviFItMNeTAelI truss¦ lT§plnwgbgðajfaGgát;xagelI nigGgát;
Ggát;RTUgTaMgGs;suT§EtCaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü ehIybnÞúksIuemRTIRtUv)anRTedayGgát;xageRkam AB /
BC / CD nig DE rbs; truss.

kab nigeRKOgbgÁúMekagbBaÄr T.Chhay -162

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
5>1> kMNat;kabyYrbnÞúkdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxag 5>4> RbsinebIkMNat;kabnImYy²kñúgrUbxagelI
eRkam. kMNt;cm¶ay yc BIkmøaMgenARtg; C eTA RTkmøaMgTaj Gtibrma 375N cUrkMNt;bnÞúk P
cMNuc D . yk P = 20kN . EdlGacGnuvtþ)an.
5>5> kMNat;kabyYrbnÞúkbIdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxag
eRkam. kMNt;RbEvgdk; y B nig y D éncMNuc B
nig D . yk P1 = 4kN / P2 = 2.5kN .

5>2> kMNat;kabyYrbnÞúkdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxagelI. 5>6> kMNat;kabyYrbnÞúkbIdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxagelI.

kMNt;TMhM rbs;kmøaMgbBaÄr P edIm,I[ yc = kMNt;TMhM P1 RbsinebI P2 = 3kN nig y B = 0.8m .
3m . dUcKñakMNt;RbEvgdk; y D .
5>3> kMNat;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkMNat;kabnImYy² 5>7> kMNat;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkMNat;kabnImYy²
nigRbEvgsrubrbs;kab. yk P = 400 N . nigRbEvgsrubrbs;kab.

5>8> kab ABCD yYrbnÞúkdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxag

eRkam. kMNt;kmøaMgTajGtibrmaenAkñúgkab nig
Problems T.Chhay -163
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

kMNt;RbEvgdk;rbs;cMNuc B . 5>11> kabrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI w = 3.75kN / m .

kMNt;kmøaMgTajGtibrma nigGb,brmaenAkñúg
kab.

5>9>
kMNt;kmøaMg P EdlRtUvkaredIm,IeFVI[ kabmanTIt 5>12> kMNt;bnÞúkBRgayGtibrmaEdlkabGac
aMgdUcbgðaj eBalKWeFVI[kMNat; yYr)an RbsinebIersIusþg;kmøaMgTajGtibrma
BC enAEtrkSaPaBedkdEdl. ehIyKNna rbs;kabKW15kN .
RbEvgdk; yB
nigkmøaMgTajGtibrmaenAkñúgkab.

5>13> eK[kabrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI. kMNt;

smIkar y = f (x ) EdlCaGnuKmn_ragrbs;kab
5>10> kabyYrbnÞúkdUcbgðajkñúgrUbxageRkam. AB nigkmøaMgTajGtibrmaenAkñúgkab.

kMNt;cm¶ay xB
BIcMNuc B eRkamGMeBIénkmøaMgeTA cMNuc A .
yk P = 200 N .

5>14> kabyYrrtEdlmanTm¶n;12.75kN / m .
kMNt;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkabRtg;cMNuc A .

cMeNaT T.Chhay -164

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

5>17> eK[kabrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI. Rbsin

ebICRmalrbs;kabenARtg;cMNuc O esμInwgsUnü
cUrkM Nt;smIkarragrbs;ExSekag
nigkmøaMgenAkñúg kabenARtg;cMNuc O nig B .

5>15> kabyYrbnÞúkBRgayesμI wo = 12kN / m .

kMNt;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkabRtg;TRm A nig B .

5>18> kMNt;kmøaMgTajGtibrma nigGb,brma

enAkñúgkabrag)a:ra:bUl nigkmøaMgenAkñúgkabBüÜr
nImYy². rtrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI nigRtUv)anP¢ab;
5>16> kab AB yYrbnÞúkBRgayesμI 200 N / m . edaytMNsnøak;enARtg; B .
RbsinebIeKecalTm¶n;rbs;kab nigmMuCRmalenA
Rtg;cMNuc A nig B KW 30o nig 60o erogKña. cUr
kMNt;GnuKmn_ragrbs;kab nigkmøaMgTaj
GtibrmaEdlekItmanenAkñúgkab.

5>19> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

sRmab;rtEdlP¢ab;edaysnøak; AB nig BC .
kab manrag)a:ra:bUl. rUbxagelI.
5>20> Fñwm AB nig BC RtUv)anyYredaykabEdl
manrag)a:ra:bUl. kMNt;kmøaMgTajenAkñúgkab
Rtg;cMNuc D / F nig E ehIykMNt;kmøaMgenA
kabBüÜrEdlmanKMlatesμ²I Kña.

Problems T.Chhay -165

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

snμt; A / B nig C CatMNsnøak;.

5>21> sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;

sRmab;Fñwm AB nig BC . kabmanrag)a:ra:bUl.
rUbxagelI. 5>25> Laminated-wood three-hinged arch rg
5>22> Truss RtUv)antP¢ab;edaysnøak; nigRtUv bnÞúkdUcbgðaj. kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nig
)anyYredaykabrag)a:ra:bUl. kMNt;kmøaMgTaj bBaÄrenARtg;snøak; A / B / C nigKUrdüaRkam
GtibrmaenAkñúgkab enAeBleRKOgbgÁúMrgbnÞúkdUc m:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát; AB .
bgðaj.

5>26> eRKOgbgÁúM arch rgnUvbnÞúkdUcbgðaj.

kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigbBaÄrrenARtg;
5>23> kMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbenARtg;snøak; A / B nig snøak; A nig D rYckMNt;kmøaMgTajenAkñúg AD .
C rbs; truss dMbUl arch snøak;bI.

5>27> Three-hinged trussed arch rgbnÞúkdUc

bgðaj. kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigbBaÄr
5>24> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigbBaÄrenA enARtg;snøak; A / B nig C .
Rtg;cMNuc A / B nig C rbs; arch snøak;bI.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -166
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

5>31> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigbBaÄr

enARtg;TRm A nig C .

5>28> s<anRtUv)ansg;edayeRbI three-hinged

trussed arch. cUrkMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk

nigbBaÄrenARtg;snøak;; A / B nig C . Ggát; 5>32> kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nigbBaÄr

bnÞat;dac; DE mankmøaMgkñúgsUnü. enARtg;TRm A nig C .

5>29> kMNt;kMBs;sikSaKNna h1 / h2 nig h3

rbs;Ggát;xageRkamén truss s<anxagelIEdlCa
funicular arch.

5>30> Tied three-hinged arch rgbnÞúkdUc

bgðaj. cUrkMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμedk nig
bBaÄrenARtg;snøak;; A nig C nigkMNt;kmøaMg
TajenAkab.

Problems T.Chhay -167

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

^> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic
Influence lines for statically determinate structures

ExS\T§iBlmansar³sMxan;kñúgkarGnuvtþsRmab;karsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlTb;Tl;nwgbnÞúkGrefrEdl
mantémøFM. CMBUkenHmankarerobrab;BIrebobKUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. RTwsþI
RtUv)anGnuvtþeTAelIbnÞúkBRgay b¤es‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc ehIyk¾pþl;nUvkarGnuvtþCak;lak;eTAelIrtkRmal
(floor girder) nig truss s<an. karKNnakmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgGgát;RtUv)anerob

rab;enAcugbBa©b;énCMBUkenH.
^>!> ExS\T§iBl (Influence line)
eyIg)ansikSarYcehIyBIbec©keTssRmab;viPaKkmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlekItBIbnÞúkmin
cl½t ¬Kμanclna¦. eyIgeXIjfadüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;CameFüa)ayd¾RbesIrkñúgkar
bgðajBIbERmbRmYlkmøaMgTaMgenHenAkñúgGgát;. b:uEnþRbsinebIeRKOgbgÁúMrgbnÞúkcl½t ¬manclna¦ ExS
\T§iBl (influence line) CameFüa)ayd¾l¥bMputkñúgkarbgðajBIbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;Edl
ekItmanenAkñúgGgát;eRKOgbgÁúM. ExS\T§iBlbgðajbERmbRmYlrbs;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; m:Um:g;Bt; nig
PaBdab enARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIFñwmeRkamGMeBIénkarcl½trbs;bnÞúkcMcMNuc. enAeBlEdleKsg;
ExS\T§iBlrYc ehIyeKGacR)ab;BITItaMgrbs;bnÞúkcl½tedIm,IbegáIt[man\T§iBlFMbMput. elIsBIenH eK
GackMNt; TMhMrbs;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; m:Um:g;Bt; b¤PaBdabeRkamGMeBIrbs;bnÞúkenARtg;cMNucNa
mYyBIGredaen rbs;düaRkamExS\T§iBl. sRmab;mUlehtuenH ExS\T§iBledIrtYy:agsMxan;kñúgkarsikSa
KNnas<an/ pøÚvrt;rbs;]bkrN_eyag (industrial crane rails, conveyor) nigeRKOgbgÁúMdéTeTotEdl
bnÞúkcl½telIElVgrbs;va.
eTaHbICadMeNIrkarsagsg;ExS\T§iBlmanlkçN³mUldæank¾eday EteKRtUvEbgEck[dac;BIKña
rvagkarsg;ExS\T§iBl nigkarsg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;. ExS\T§iBlbgðajEtBI\T§i-
Blrbs;bnÞúkcl½tenARtg;TItaMgCak;lak;enAelIGgát; EtdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;bgðaj
BI\T§iBlrbs;bnÞúkGcl½tenARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;tambeNþayG½kSrbs;Ggát;.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

xageRkamCaviFIBIrEdlRtUv)aneKeRbIedIm,Isg;ExS\T§iBlenARtg;cMNucCak;lak; P enAkñúgGgát;
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -168
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

sRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;. sRmab;viFITaMgBIrenHeyIgnwgeRCIserIskmøaMgcl½tEdl

manTMhMKμanxñatmYyÉktþa mkeRbIsRmab;sg;ExS\T§iBl.
*

CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag (tabulate values)

dak;bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;TItaMg ¬ x ¦epSg² tambeNþayGgát; ehIyenARtg;TItaMgnImYy²eRbI
sþaTicedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNucCak;lak;.
RbsinebIeKcg;sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwm eKRtUvKit
fakmøaMgRbtikmμmanTMhMviC¢manenAeBlvaeFVIGMeBIeLIgelI.
RbsinebIeKKUrExS\T§iBlkmøaMgkat; nigExS\T§iBlm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;cMNucmYy ykkmøaMgkat; nig
m:Um:g;Bt;viC¢mandUckarkMNt;sBaØaEdleRbIsRmab;KUrdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;
¬emIlrUbTI 4-1¦.
FñwmkMNt;edaysþaTicTaMgGs;manExS\T§iBlEdlpSMeLIgedaykMNat;bnÞat;Rtg;. eRkayBIkar
GnuvtþxøH eKGackat;bnßykarKNnaeday[bnÞúkÉktþamanGMeBIEtenAcMNuccugénkMNat;Ggát;
nImYy².
edIm,IeCosvagkMhusqÁg dMbUgeKENnaM[eFVItaragEdlmanBIrCYrQrKW TItaMgrbs;bnÞúkÉktþa x
nigtémøEdlKNnasRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμ b¤kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;Bt; EdlRtUvnwgTItaMgenaH. eRkay
eBleKdak;bnÞúkenaHenAelITItaMgepSg²CaeRcIntambeNþayGgát; taragRtUv)anbMeBjeday
témøelx ehIyeyIgeRbItémøkñúgtaragTaMgenaHedIm,Isg;düaRkamExS\T§iBl.
smIkarExS\T§iBl (influence-line equation)
eKk¾Gacsg;ExS\T§iBledaydak;bnÞúkÉktþaenATItaMg x elIGgát; rYcKNnatémø R / V b¤ M Ca
GnuKmn_ én x . sRmab;krNIenH eKGacsresr)ansmIkarénkMNat;Ggát;CaeRcInEdlbegáItCa
ExS\T§iBl rYceKGacsg;ExS\T§iBledayeRbIsmIkarTaMgenH.

]TahrN_ 6-1³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrrbs;FñwmenARtg; A ¬rUbTI 6-1a¦.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ bnÞúkÉktþaRtUv)andak;enAelIFñwmRtg;cMNuc x EdleRCIserIsnImYy² ehIytémø
Ay RtUv)anKNnaedayeFVIplbUkRtg;cMNuc B . ]TahrN_/ enAeBl x = 2.5m nig x = 5m emIlrUbTI

*
mUlehtuénkareRCIserIsenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 6.2.
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -169
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

6-1b nig 6-1c erogKña. lT§plsRmab; Ay RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgtarag ¬rUbTI 6-1d¦. düaRkam

sRmab;témøTaMgenH CaExS\T§iBlsRmab;RbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 6-1e¦.
smIkarExS\T§iBl³ enAeBleKdak;bnÞúkÉktþacm¶ayERbRbYl x BIcMNuc A ¬rUbTI 6-1f¦ eKGackMNt;
kmøaMgRbtikmμ Ay CaGnuKmn_én x BI
+ ∑MB = 0 − A y (10 ) + (10 − x )(1) = 0
1
Ay = 1 − x
10
smIkarbnÞat;enHRtUv)ansg;CadüaRkamenAkñúgrUbTI 6-1e.

]TahrN_ 6-2³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg; B rbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 6-2a.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ edayeRbIsþaTic epÞógpÞat;fatémøsRmab;Rbtikmμ B y EdlmanenAkñúgtarag ¬rUb
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -170
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

TI 6-2b¦ RtUv)anKNnay:agRtwmRtUvsRmab;TItaMg x énbnÞúkGefr. düaRkamrbs;témøkñúgtaragCaExS

\T§iBlsRmab;RbtikmμRtg; B ¬rUbTI 6-2c¦.
smIkarExS\T§iBl³ edayGnuvtþsmIkarm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc A ¬enAkñúgrUbTI 6-2d¦
+ ∑MA = 0 B y (5) − 1( x ) = 0
1
By = x
5
smIkarbnÞat;enHRtUv)ansg;CadüaRkamenAkñúgrUbTI 6-2c.

]TahrN_ 6-3³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 6-3a.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ enARtg;TItaMg x EdleRCIserIsnImYy²rbs;bnÞúkÉktþa eKeRbIviFImuxkat;edIm,I
KNnatémørbs; VC . cMNaMfa eKRtUvdak;bnÞúkenAxageqVgcMNuc C bnþic ¬ x = 2.5− ¦ nigxagsþaMcMNuc C
bnþic ¬ x = 2.5+ ¦ edaysarkmøaMgkat;manlkçN³dac;enARtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-3b nig 6-3c¦.
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -171
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

düaRkaméntémøenAkñúgrUbTI 6-3d CaExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-3e¦.

smIkarExS\T§iBl³ enATIenH eKmansmIkarBIrEdlRtUvkMNt; edaysareKmankMNat;Ggát;BIrsRmab;ExS
\T§iBlEdlbNþalBIPaBdac;rbs;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-3f¦. smIkarTaMgenHRtUv)anKUr
düaRkamenAkñúgrUbTI 6-3e.

]TahrN_ 6-4³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 6-4a.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ edayeRbIsþaTic nigviFImuxkat; epÞógpÞat;fatémørbs;kmøaMgkat; Vc enARtg;
cMNuc C enAkñúgrUbTI 6-4b EdlRtUvKñanwgTItaMg x nImYy²rbs;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIFñwm. düaRkaméntémø
enAkñúgrUbTI 6-4b CaExS\T§iBlenAkñúgrUbTI 6-4c.
smIkarExS\T§iBl³ BIrUbTI 6-4d epÞógpÞat;fa
1
Vc = − x 0 ≤ x < 4m
8
1
Vc = 1 − x 4m < x ≤ 12m
8
smIkarTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajCadüaRkamenAkñúgrUbTI 6-4c.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -172

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 6-5³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 6-5a.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ enARtg;TItaMgeRCIserIsnImYy²rbs;bnÞúkÉktþa eKKNnatémørbs; M C eday
eRbIviFImuxkat;. Ca]TahrN_ emIlrUbTI 6-5b sRmab; x = 2.5m . düaRkaméntémøenAkñúgrUbTI 6-5c
bgðajCaExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-5d¦.
smIkarExS\T§iBl³ eKGaceRbIGgát;BIrkMNat;sRmab;kMNt;rksmIkarExS\T§iBledayeRbI ∑ M C = 0
CamYynwgviFImuxkat;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-5d.
⎛ 1 ⎞
+ ∑MC = 0 M C + 1(5 − x ) − ⎜1 − x ⎟5 = 0
⎝ 10 ⎠

Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -173

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

1
MC = x 0 ≤ x < 5m
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
+ ∑ MC = 0 M C − ⎜1 − x ⎟5 = 0
⎝ 10 ⎠
1
MC = 5 − x 5m < x ≤ 10m
2

]TahrN_ 6-6³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 6-6a.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ edayeRbIsþaTic nigviFImuxkat; epÞógpÞat;fatémørbs;m:Um:g; M c enARtg;cMNuc C
enAkñúgrUbTI 6-6b EdlRtUvKñanwgTItaMg x nImYy²rbs;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIFñwm. düaRkaméntémøenAkñúgrUb TI
6-6b CaExS\T§iBlenAkñúgrUbTI 6-6c.
smIkarExS\T§iBl³ BIrUbTI 6-6d epÞógpÞat;fa
1
MC = x 0 ≤ x < 4m
2
1
MC = 4 − x 4m < x ≤ 12m
2
smIkarTaMgenHRtUv)ansg;CadüaRkamdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-6c.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -174

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

^>@> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;Fñwm (Influence line for beams)

edaysarFñwm ¬b¤rt¦CaGgát;rgbnÞúkcMbgénRbB½n§kRmal b¤kRmals<an eKcaM)ac;RtUvmanlT§-
PaB sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAkñúgFñwm.
bnÞúk³ enAeBleKsg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;GnuKmn_ ¬kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;¦ enaHeKnwgmanlT§-
PaBkMNt;TItaMgbnÞúkGefrenAelIFñwmEdlGacbegáItGnuKmn_mantémøGtibrma. eKmanbnÞúkBIrRbePT
EdlRtUvBicarNaenATIenH.
bnÞúkcMcMNuc³
edaysartémøCaelxénGnuKmn_sRmab;ExS\T§iBlRtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbIbnÞúkÉktþaKμanxñat enaH
sRmab;bnÞúkcMcMNuc F EdlmanGMeBIenAelIFñwmRtg;TItaMg x eKGacrktémøGnuKmn_edayKuNGredaen
rbs;ExS\T§iBlenARtg;TItaMg x edayTMhMrbs; F . Ca]TahrN_ eKmanExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμ
enARtg; A sRmab;Fñwm AB ¬rUbTI 6-7¦. RbsinebIbnÞúkÉktþasßitenARtg; x = L / 2 enaHkmøaMgRbtikmμ
enARtg; A KW Ay = 1 / 2 dUcbgðajenAkñúgExS\T§iBl. dUcenH RbsinebIkmøaMg F manGMeBIenARtg;TItaMgdUc
Kña kmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;vaKW Ay = F / 2 . Cak;Esþg eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμEdlmantémødUcKñaBI
karKNnaedaysþaTic. eyIgeXIjy:agc,as;fa \T§iBlGtibrmaEdlbgáeday F ekItmanenAeBleK
dak;vaRtg;TItaMgénkMBUlrbs;ExS\T§iBl EdlenAkñúgkrNIenH x = 0 ehIyeyIgnwgTTYl)ankmøaMg
Rbtikmμ Ay = (1)(F ) .

bnÞúkBRgayesμI³ eKmanEpñkrbs;FñwmEdlrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI wo ¬rUbTI 6-8¦. dUckarbgðaj kMNat; dx

nImYy²rbs;bnÞúkenHbegáItkmøaMgcMcMNuc dF = wo dx enAelIFñwm. RbsinebI dF sßitenARtg; x Edl
GredaenénExS\T§iBlrbs;FñwmsRmab;GnuKmn_ ¬kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; m:Um:g;¦xøH KW y enaHtémøén
GnuKmn_KW (dF )( y ) = (wo dx)y . \T§iBlénkmøaMgcMcMNuc dF TaMgGs;RtUv)ankMNt;edaykareFVIGaMget
RkalelIRbEvgTaMgmUlrbs;Fñwm Edl ∫ wo ydx = wo ∫ ydx . ehIyedaysar ∫ ydx smmUleTAnwgRkLa
épÞExS\T§Bl enaHtémørbs;GnuKmn_EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkBRgayesμInwgplKuNrvagRkLaépÞExS\T§iBlCa
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -175
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

mYynwgGaMgtg;sIuetrbs;bnÞúkBRgayesμI. Ca]TahrN_ enAkñúgkrNIFñwmrgbnÞúkBRgayesμIdUcbgðajenA

kñúgrUbTI 6-9 eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ Ay BIExS\T§iBlCa Ay = (area)(wo ) = [(1)(L) / 2]wo =
wo L / 2 . Cak;Esþg eKGackMNt;témøenHBIsþaTic.

]TahrN_ 6-7³
kMNt;kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanenARtg;cMNuc C enAkñúgFñwmdUcbgðaj enAkñúgrUbTI 6-
10a EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½tcMcMNuc 4kN nigbnÞúkcl½tBRgay 2kN / m .

dMeNaHRsay³
sg;düaRkamExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;sRmab;kmøaMgkat;Rtg;cMNuc C enAkñúg]TahrN_ 6-3 ehIy
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-10b.
bnÞúkcMcMNuc³ kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg; C nwgekItmanenAeBlkmøaMg 4kN manGMeBIenARtg; x =
2.5 + m edaysarvakMBUlviC¢manrbs;ExS\T§iBl. GredaensRmab;kMBUlenHKW + 0.75 Edl

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -176

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Vc = 0.75(4kN ) = 3kN
bnÞúkBRgay³ bnÞúkBRgaycl½tbegáIt\T§iBlviC¢manGtibrmasRmab; VC enAeBlEdlbnÞúkeFVIGMeBIenAelI
FñwmcenøaH x = 2.5+ m nig x = 10m edaysarenAkñúgtMbn;enH ExS\T§iBlmanRkLaépÞviC¢man. TMhMrbs;
VC EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkenHKW
⎡1 ⎤
VC = ⎢ (10m − 2.5m )(0.75)⎥ 2kN / m = 5.625kN
⎣2 ⎦
kmøaMgkat;GtibrmasrubenARtg;cMNuc C
(VC )max = 3kN + 5.625kN = 8.625kN
cMNaMfa enAeBlEdlTItaMgbnÞúkEdlbegáItedayeRbIExS\T§iBl ¬rUbTI 6-10c¦ témø (VC )max enHk¾Gac
kMNt;edayeRbIsþaTic nigviFImuxkat;.

]TahrN_ 6-8³ eKeRbIeRKOgbgÁúMeRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-11a edIm,IRT]bkrN_sÞÚc. bnÞúkEdl

]brkrN_sÞÚceyagmanbnÞúk 3kN ehIyFñwm CB manm:as 24kg / m . snμt; A CaTRmsnøak;
ehIy B CaTRm kl;. kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmbBaÄrenARtg; A / B
nigm:Um:g;GtibrmaenAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc D .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc A ³ dMbUgeyIgKUrdüaRkamExS\T§iBlsRmab; Ay ¬rUbTI 6-11b¦.
Cak;Esþg enAeBlbnÞúkÉktþasßitenARtg; A kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A esμInwg1.0 dUcbgðaj.
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -177
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

GredaenenARtg; C esμI nwg1.33 .

enATIenHtémøGtibrmasRmab; Ay ekItmanenAeBlbnÞúksßitenARtg;cMNuc C . edaysarbnÞúk Gefr
¬Tm¶n;Fñwm¦ manelIRbEvgFñwmTaMgmUl eyIg)an
(Ay )max = 3000(1.33) + 24(9.81)⎡⎢ 12 (4)(1.33)⎤⎥
⎣ ⎦

= 4.63kN
kmøaMgGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc B ³ ExS\T§iBl ¬b¤Fñwm¦ manragdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-11c. eKkMNt;
témøenARtg; C nig B edaysþaTic. enATIenHbnÞúkRtUvsßitenARtg;cMNuc B . dUcenH
(B y )max = 3000(1) + 24(9.81)⎡⎢ 12 (3)(1)⎤⎥ + 24(9.81)⎡⎢ 12 (1)(− 0.333)⎤⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

= 3.31kN
m:Um:g;GtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc D ³ ExS\T§iBlmanrUbragdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-11d. eKkMNt;témøenA
Rtg; C nig D BIsmIkarsþaTic. enATIenH
(M D )max = 3000(0.75) + 24(9.81)⎡⎢ 1 (1)(− 0.5)⎤⎥ + 24(9.81)⎡⎢ 1 (3)(0.75)⎤⎥
⎣2 ⎦ ⎣2 ⎦

= 2.46kN.m

^>#> eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚ (Qualitative influence lines)

enAqñaM 1886/ Heinrich Muller Breslau )anbegáItbec©keTssRmab;sg;ExS\T§iBly:agelOn
bMput. eKakarN_muyeyeRbsøÚeBalfaExS\T§iBlsRmab;GnuKmn_kmøaMg ¬kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; b¤
m:Um:gBt;¦ manragdUcnwgrUbragdabrbs;FñwmenAeBlFñwmrgGMeBIedayGnuKmn_kmøagM . edIm,IKUrrUbragdab
[)anl¥ eKRtUvyklT§PaBrbs;FñwmTb;Tl;GnuKmn_kmøaMg dUcenHFñwmGacdabenAeBlGnuKmn_kmøaMgTaMg
enHmanGMeBI.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -178

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Ca]TahrN_ eKmanFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 6-12a. RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;ragrbs;ExS\T§iBl

sRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμRtg;cMNuc A enaHeKRtUvCMnYssnøak;edaypøÚvr:UlU (roller guide) dUcbgðaj enAkñúg
rUbTI 6-12b. eK RtUvkarpøÚvr:UlU (roller guide) edaysarFñwmRtUvTb;kmøaMgedkenARtg;cMNuc A minEmn
kmøaMgbBaÄr. enAeBleKGnuvtþ kmøaMgviC¢man ¬TisedAeLIgelI¦ Ay enARtg;cMNuc A FñwmxUcRTg;RTay
dUcbnÞat;dac; EdlbgðajrUbrag TUeTArbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab; Ay ¬rUbTI 6-12c¦. témøCaelxsRmab;
*

krNICak; EsþgRtUv)anKNnaenAkñúg]TahrN_ 6-1.

RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;rUbragrbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg; cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-

13a¦ eKGaceFVInimitþsBaØapøÚvr:UlU (roller guide) Rtg;cMNuc C dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-13b. ]bkrN_
enHnwgTb;Tb;m:Um:g; nig kmøaMgtamG½kS EtminTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat;eT . edayGnuvtþkmøaMgkat;viC¢manVC
†

eTA elIFñwmRtg;cMNuc C nigedayGnuBaØat[FñwmdabdUcTItaMgbnÞat;dac; enaHExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;

Rtg;cMNuc C manragdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-13c. cugeRkay RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;ragExS\T§iBl
sRmab;m:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-14a¦ eKRtUvdak;snøak;enARtg;cMNuc C edaysartMNenHTb;Tl;
kmøaMg tamG½kS nigkmøaMgkat; EtminTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;eT ¬rUbTI 6-14b¦. edayGnuvtþm:Um:g;viC¢man M C
eTAelI FñwmRtg;cMNuc C Fñwmnwg dabdUcTItaMgbnÞat;dac; EdlCaragExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;Rtg;cMNuc
C ¬rUbTI 6-13d¦.

*
RKb;karBnül;TaMgGs;rUbragdabRtUv)anKUredaymaRtdæanFMCagedIm,IbgðajBIeKalKMnit.
†
enATIenHr:UlUCanimitþsBaØaTRmEdlTb;Tl;bnÞúkTaMgkarTaj nigTaMgkarsgát; ¬emIltarag 2-1 TRm (2)¦.
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -179
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKGacbkRsayeKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚedayeRbIeKalkarN_ virtual work. rMlwkfakmμnþ

(work) CaplKuNrvagcm¶aybMlas;TICamYykmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIRsbtamTisrbs;bMlas;TI b¤Capl

KuNrvagmMurgVilnigm:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIRsbtamTisrbs;mMru gVil. RbsinebIGgÁFaturwg ¬Fñwm¦ sßitkñúgsßan

PaBlMnwg plbUkénkmøaMgTaMgGs; nigplbUkm:Um:g;TaMgGs;EdlmanGMeBIelIFñwmRtUvEtesμIsUnü. dUcenH
RbsinebIGgÁFatupþl;nUvbMlas;TInimitþ b¤ bMlas;TI virtual/ kmμnþEdlekIteLIgedaykmøaMg nigm:Um:g;TaMg
enHk¾RtUvEtesμInwgsUnüEdr. Ca]TahrN_ eKmanFñwmTRmsamBaØ ¬rUbTI 6-15a¦ EdlrgbnÞúkÉktþaEdl
dak;enARtg;cMNucNamYytambeNþayRbEvg. RbsinebIFñwmmanbMlas;TInimitþ (virtual displacement)
δy enARtg;TRm A ¬rUb 6-15b¦ manEtkmøaMgRbtikmμ Ay nigbnÞúkÉktþabegáItkmμnþnimitþ. CaBiess
Ay begáItkmμnþviC¢man Ay δy nigbnÞúkÉktþabegáItkmμnþGviC¢man − 1δy ' . TRmenARtg; B mincl½t ehIy

kmøaMgenARtg; B minbegáItkmμnþ. edaysarFñwmsßitenAkñúgsßanPaBlMnwg dUcenHmincl½tCak;lak; pl

bUkkmøaMgnimitþesμIsUnü Edl
Ayδy − 1δy ' = 0

RbsinebIeK[ δy = 1 enaH
Ay = δy '

niyaymüa:geTot témørbs; Ay CakUGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBlenARtg;TItaMgrbs;bnÞúkÉktþa. edaysar

témøenHsmmUleTAnwgbMlas;TI δy' enARtg;TItaMgrbs;bnÞúkÉktþa vabgðajfarUbragrbs;ExS\T§iBl
sRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A RtUv)anbegáIt. TaMgenHbgðajBIeKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚsRmab;kmøaMg
Rbtikmμ.

enAkñúgrebobdUcKña RbsinebIFñwmRtUv)ankat;enARtg; C ehIyFñwmrgbMlas;TI δ y enARtg;cMNucenH

¬rUbTI 6-15c¦ enaHkmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C ehIybnÞúkÉktþabegáItkmμnþ. dUcenH smIkarkmμnþnimitþKW
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -180
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

VC δy − 1δy ' = 0
mþgeTot RbsinebI δy = 1 enaH
VC = δy '
ehIyeK)anbegáItrUbragrbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C .
cugeRkay snñt;snøak;RtUv)anbegáItenAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 6-15d¦. RbsinebImMurgVil
δφ RtUv)anbegáItenARtg;snøak; kmμnþnimitþRtUv)anbegáItedaym:Um:g;xagkñúg nigbnÞúkÉktþa. dUcenH

M C δφ − 1δy ' = 0
edayyk δφ = 1 eyIgeXIjfa
M C = δy '
EdlbgðajfaFñwmmanPaBdabdUcragCaExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;xagkñúgenARtg;cMNuc C ¬emIlrUbTI 6-
14¦.
eyIgeXIjy:agc,as;fa eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚpþl;nUvviFIy:agelOnsRmab;begáItrUbragrbs;
ExS\T§iBl. enAeBlEdleyIgsÁal;ragrbs;vaehIy eyIgGackMNt;GredaenenARtg;kMBUledayeRbIviFI
mUldæanEdlerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 6-1. karsÁal;rUbragTUeTArbs;ExS\T§iBl eFVI[eyIgGacmanlT§-
PaBkMNt;TItaMgbnÞúkGefrenAelIFñwm nigbnÞab;mkeyIgGackMNt;témøGtibrmarbs;GnuKmn_kmøaMgeday
eRbIsmIkarsþaTic. ]TahrN_ 6-12 bgðajBIbec©keTsenH.

]TahrN_ 6-9³ sRmab;FñwmnImYy²enAkñúgrUbTI 6-16a rhUtdl; 6-16c KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMg

RbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg; A .

Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -181

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
eKCMnYsTRm A edaypøÚvr:UlU (roller guide) nigGnuvtþkmøaMg Ay sRmab;rUb 6-16a.
mþgeTot CMnUspøÚvr:UlU (roller guide) Rtg;cMNuc A ehIyGnuvtþkmøaMg Ay eTAelIva ¬rUbTI 6-16b¦.
eKRtUveRbIpøÚvr:UlUBIr (two-roller guide)Rtg;cMNuc A sRmab;krNIrUbTI 6-16c edaysarTRmRbePT
enH bBa¢ÚnTaMgm:Um:g; M A nigbnÞúktamG½kS Ax EtminbBa¢Ún Ay .

]TahrN_ 6-10³ sRmab;FñwmnImYy²enAkñúgrUbTI 6-17a rhUtdl; 6-17c KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;

kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .

dMeNaHRsay³
eKdak;pøÚvr:UlU (roller guide) enARtg;cMNuc B nigGnuvtþkmøaMgkat;viC¢man VB ¬rUb 6-17a¦. cMNaMfa
kMNat;Ggát;xagsþaMrbs;Ggát;mindabeT edaysarTRmkl;enARtg; A Tb;Fñwmmin[eFVIclnatamTis
bBaÄr ¬emIlTRm (2) enAkñúgtarag 2-1¦.
edaydak; roller guide Rtg;cMNuc B ehIyGnuvtþkmøaMgkat;viC¢man enARtg;cMNuc B eKTTYl)anragdab
rbs;FñwmEdlRtUvKñanwgExS\T§iBl ¬rUbTI 6-17b¦.
eKRtUvdak;pøÚvr:UlURtg;cMNuc B ehIyGnuvtþkmøaMgkat;viC¢man enaHeKnwg)anrUbragxUcRTg;RTayrbs;Fñwm
EdlRtUvKñanwgExS\T§iBl ¬rUbTI 6-17c¦. cMNaMfakMNat;Ggát;xageqVgrbs;Fñwmmindab edaysarTRm
bgáb;.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -182

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 6-11³ sRmab;FñwmnImYy²enAkñúgrUbTI 6-18a rhUtdl; 6-18c KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;

m:Um:g;Bt;e nARtg;cMNuc B .

dMeNaHRsay³
eKdak;snøak;enARtg;cMNuc B ehIyGnuvtþm:Um:g;viC¢man M B eTAelIFñwm ¬rUb 6-18a¦. ragdabrbs;Fñwm
nigExS\T§iBlRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-18a.
edaydak;snøak;enARtg;cMNuc B ehIyGnuvtþm:Um:g;viC¢man M B eTAelIFñwm eKnwgTTYl)anragdabrbs;Fñwm
EdlRtUvKñanwgExS\T§iBl ¬rUbTI 6-18b¦.
CamYynwgsnøak; nigm:Um:g;viC¢manenARtg; B rUbragxUcRTg;RTayrbs;FñwmEdlRtUvKñanwgExS\T§iBlRtUv)an
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-18c. cMNaMfakMNat;Ggát;xageqVgrbs;FñwmRtUv)anTb;min[viledaysarTRm
bgáb;.

]TahrN_ 6-12³ kMNt;m:Um:g;viC¢manGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanenARtg;cMNuc D enAkñúgFñwmEdlbgðaj

enAkñúgrUbTI 6-19a EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½tcMNuc16kN bnÞúkcl½tBRgay 3kN / m nigTm¶n;Fñwm
2kN / m .

dMeNaHRsay³ eKdak;snøak;enARtg;cMNuc D ehIyGnuvtþm:Um:g;viC¢man M D eTAelIFñwm. rUbragdab nig

ExS\T§iBlEdlRtUvKñaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-19b. eyIgdwgehIyfa bnÞúkcl½tcMcMNuc16kN
begáItm:Um:g;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc D enAeBleKdak;vaenARtg;cMNuc D eBalKWenARtg;kMBUlrbs;
ExS\T§iBl. ehIybnÞúkcl½tBRgay 3kN / m RtUv)andak;BRgayBIcMNuc C eTAcMNuc E edIm,IRKbelI
tMbn;EdlRkLaépÞrbs;ExS\T§iBlmantémøviC¢man. cugeRkay Tm¶n;rbs;Fñwm 2kN / m manGMeBIelIRbEvg
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -183
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

FñwmTaMgmUl. bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-19c. edaysÁal;TItaMgrbs;bnÞúk

eyIgGac kMNt;m:Um:g;GtibrmaenARtg; D edayeRbIsmIkarsþaTic. enAkñúgrUbTI 6-19d kmøaMgRbtikmμenA
elI BE RtUv)ankMNt;. edaykat;FñwmenARtUv)ancMNuc D nigedayeRbIkMNat;Ggát; DE ¬rUbTI 6-19e¦
eyIg)an

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -184

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

+ ∑MD = 0 − M D − 20(2) + 19(4) = 0

M D = 36kN .m
eyIgk¾GacedaHRsaycMeNaTenHedayeRbItémøCaelxsRmab;ExS\T§iBldUcenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 6-1.
edaykarGegátrUbTI 6-19b Cak;Esþg eKRtUvkarKNnaEttémøkMBUl h Rtg; D b:ueNÑaH. dUcenHvaTamTar
[dak;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIFñwmRtg;cMNuc D kñúgrUbTI 6-19a nigbnÞab;mkedaHRsaym:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwm
Rtg;cMNuc D . bgðajfatémøEdlTTYl)anKW h = 1.333 . edayRtIekaNdUc h' /(4 − 2) = 1.33 /(6 − 4)
b¤ h'= 1.333 . dUcenH CamYynwgbnÞúkenAelIFñwmdUcenAkñúgrUbTI 6-19c edayeRbIRkLaépÞ nigtémøkMBUl
énExS\T§iBl ¬rUbTI 6-19b¦ eyIg)an
⎡1 ⎤ ⎡1 ⎤
M D = 5⎢ (10 − 4)(1.333)⎥ + 16(1.333) − 2⎢ (4)(1.333)⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦

= 36kN.m

^>$> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rtRTkRmal (Influence lines for floor Girders)

eBlxøH RbB½n§kRmalRtUv)ansg;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-20a EdleyIgeXIjfabnÞúkkRmal
(floor load) RtUv)anepÞrBIkRmalxNÐeTAFñwmkRmal nigbnÞab;mkepÞreTArtxag ehIycugeRkayepÞreTA

ssrTRm. KMrUm:UEDlénRbB½n§enHRtUv)anbgðajCaKMeXIjkñúgbøg;kñúgrUbTI 6-20b. enATIenH eKsnμt;fa

kRmalxNÐCakRmalmYyTis ehIyRtUv)anbMEbkCaElVgTRmsamBaØEdlQrelIFñwmkRmal. ehIyrt
RtUv)an RTedayTRmsamBaØenAelIssr. edaysarrtCaGgát;rgbnÞúkcMbgenAkñúgRbB½n§enH eBlxøHeK
caM)ac;sg; ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat; nigExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;rbs;va sRmab;GKar]sSahkmμEdl
rgbnÞúkcMcMNucF¶n;. cMNaMfa bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIkRmalxNÐRtUv)anepÞreTArtEtenARtg;cMNucRbsBVrvag
FñwmkRmal nigrt eBalKW cMMnuc A / B / C nig D . cMNucTaMgenHeKehAfa panel point ehIytMbn;
cenøaHcMNucTaMgenHeK[eQμaH fa panel dUcCa BC enAkñúgrUbTI 6-20b.
eKGackMNt;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIrtedayeRbIdMeNIrkarsþaTicdUcKñaenAkñúg
kfaxNÐ 6-1 eBalKW dak;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIcMNuc x NamYyenAelIkRmalxNÐ nigkMNt;GnuKmn_kmøaMg
¬kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;¦ enARtg;cMNucCak;lak; P enAkñúgrt ¬rUbTI 6-20b¦. sg;düaRkaméntémøTaMgenH
GaRs½ynwg x enaHeyIgnwgTTYl)anExS\T§iBlsRmab;GnuKmn_kmøaMgenARtg; P . CaBiess témøsRmab;
m:Um:g;enAkñúg girder panel EtgGaRs½ynwgkareRCIserIsTItaMgrbs; P sRmab;ExS\T§iBl edaysarTMhM
M P GaRs½ynwgTItaMgrbs;cMNucBIcugrbs;rt. Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebIbnÞúkÉktþamanGMeBIenAelIkRmal

xNÐdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-20c dMbUgeKGacrkkmøaMgRbtikmμ FB nig FC enAelIkRmal bnÞab;mk

Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -185
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

KNnakmøaMgRbtikmμ F1 nig F2 enAelIrt. bnÞab;mkkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; P edayviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 6-

20d¦. CalT§pleyIgnwgTTYl)an M P = F1d − FB (d − s ) . edayeRbIkarviPaKdUcKña eyIgnwgTTYl
)an VP mantémøefrelI panel BC TaMgmUl Edl VP = F1 − FB dUcenHvaminGaRs½ynwgTItaMgCak;lak;
d rbs; P enAkñúg panel eT. sRmab;mUlehtuenH ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;rbs;kRmalrtRtUv)an

kMNt;sRmab; panel minEmnRtg;cMNucNamYytambeNþayrteT. kmøaMgkat;enAkñúgrtRtUv)aneK[

eQμaHfa panel shear. eKRtUvcMNaMfa edaysarrtrg\T§iBledaysarEtbnÞúkEdlepÞredayFñwmkRmal
CaeKTUeTAeKeRcIndak;bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;TItaMgFñwmkRmalnImYy²edIm,IbegáItTinñn½ycaM)ac;edIm,IKUrExS\T§i-
Bl.
]TarhrN_CatémøelxxageRkamnwgbgðajy:agc,as;BIkarviPaKkmøaMg.

]TahrN_ 6-13³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enAkñúg panel CD sRmab;rtRTkRmalenAkñúgrUbTI

6-21a.
dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ eKdak;bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;TItaMgFñwmkRmalnImYy² ehIyKNnakmøaMgkat;enA
kñúg panel CD . taragénlT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-21b. karKNnalMGitenAeBl x = 0
nig x = 6m RtUv)an[enAkñúgrUbTI 6-21c nig 6-21d erogKña. cMNaMfa dMbUgeKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMg
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -186
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Rbtikmμ rbs;FñwmkRmalenAelIrtkñúgkrNInImYy² bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;rtenARtg;cMNuc F

¬eKmin RtUvkar G y eT¦ ehIycugeRkay eKBicarNakMNat;Ggát;rbs;rt ehIyKNnakmøaMgkat;VCD
enAkñúg panel CD . sRmab;kic©karbEnßm cUrepÞógpÞat;témø VCD enAeBl x = 3m / 9m nig12m .

ExS\T§iBl³ enAeBlEdlelxCMnYskñúgtaragRtUv)ansg;CadüaRkamedayP¢ab;BIcMNucmYyeTAcMNucmYy
edaybnÞat;Rtg; lT§plénExS\T§iBlsRmab; VCD RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-21e.

]TahrN_ 6-14³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc F sRmab;rtRTkRmalenAkñúgrUbTI 6-

22a.
dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ eKdak;bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg; x = 0 nigenARtg; panel point nImYy². témøRtUvKña
sRmab; M F RtUv)anKNna ehIyRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarag ¬rUbTI 6-22b¦. karKNnalMGitsRmab;
x = 2m RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-22c. dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_elIkmun dMbUgeKcaM)ac;kMNt;kmøaMg

Rbtikmμrbs;FñwmkRmalEdlenAelIrt bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ G y rbs;rt ¬eKmincaM)ac;kMNt;

Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -187
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Hy eT¦ehIy cugbBa©b; eKBicarNakMNat;Ggát; GF rbs;rt nigKNnam:Um:g;kñúg M F . sRmab;kic©kar

bEnßm cUrkMNt;témøepSgeTotrbs; M F EdlmanenAkñúgtaragkñúgrUbTI 6-22b.
ExS\T§iBl³ düaRkaméntémøkñúgtaragCaExS\T§iBlsRmab; M F RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-22d.

^>%> ExS\Ti§BlsRmab; trusses (Influence lines for trusses)

eBlxøHeKeRbI truss CaeRKOgbgÁúMRTbnÞúkcMbgsRmab;s<an. dUcenH sRmab;karsikSaKNna eK
RtUvmanlT§PaBsg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;Ggát;rbs;vanImyY ². dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-23 bnÞúkenAelI
kRmals<anRtUv)anepÞreTA stringer EdlvabBa¢ÚnbnþeTAFñwmkRmal nigbnÞab;mkbnÞúkRtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTA
tMNénGgát;xageRkam (bottom cord) rbs; truss. edayGgát; truss rg\T§iBlEtBIbnÞúkRtg;tMN dUc
enHeyIgGac TTYltémøGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;Ggát;edaykardak;bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;tMNnImYy²
tambeNþaykRmal ehIyeRbIviFItMN b¤viFImuxkat;edIm,IKNnakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;. eKGactMerobTinñn½y
enAkñúgtarag EdlmanbnÞúkÉktþa nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;. edIm,IPaBgayRsYl RbsinebIGgát;rgkmøaMg
Taj eKKitfavamantémøviC¢man RbsinebIrgkmøaMgsgát; vamantémøGviC¢man.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -188

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;Ggát;RtUv)ansg;eday bgðajTinñn½yenAkñúgCacMNuc ehIyKUrP¢ab;BIcMNucmYyeTAcMNuc

mYyedaybnÞat;Rtg;.
]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIviFIkñúgkarsg;ExS\T§iBl.

]TahrN_ 6-15³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkñúgGgát; GB sRmab; truss s<anEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

6-24a.

Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -189

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ enATIenH eKdak;bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;tMNnImYy²enARtg;Ggát;xageRkambnþbnÞab;
rYcKNnakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; GB edayeRbIviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 6-24b¦. Ca]TahrN_ edaydak;bnÞúk
ÉktþaenARtg; x = 6m ¬tMN B ¦ dMbUgKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenARtg; E ¬rUbTI 6-24a¦ bnÞab;mk
kat; truss enARtg;Ggát; HG / GB / BC ehIykMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúg GB BIkMNat; truss xagsþaM ¬rUbTI 6-
24c¦. tamrebobdUcKña kMNt;témødéTepSgeTotEdlmanenAkñúgtarag.
ExS\T§iBl³ edaybgðajtémøkñúgtaragCacMNucenAelIkUGredaen nigedayP¢ab;cMNucnImYy²edaybnÞat;
Rtg; eyIg)anExS\T§iBlsRmab;Ggát; GB ¬rUbTI 6-24d¦. edaysarExS\T§iBlbnøayelIElVgrbs;
truss TaMgRsug enaHeKcat;TukGgát; GB CaGgát;em (primary member). enHmann½yfa GB rgkmøaMg

eday minKitTItaMgeFVIGMeBIrbs;bnÞúkmkelIkRmals<aneT. cMNucénkmøaMgsUnü ¬ x = 8m ¦ RtUv)an

kMNt;edayRtIekaNdUcrvag x = 6m nig x = 12m Edl (0.354 + 0.707) /(12 − 6) = 0.354 / x'
¬ x' = 2m ¦ dUcenH x = 6 + 2 = 8m .

]TahrN_ 6-16³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkñúgGgát; CG sRmab; truss s<anEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

6-25a.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ taragénbnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;tMNénGgátx; ageRkam nigkmøaMgxagkñúgGgát; CG
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -190
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-25b. eyIgGacTTYl)antémøTaMgenHy:agRsYlbMputedaypþac;tMN C ¬rUb

TI 6-25c¦. enATIenH eyIgeXIjfaGgát; CG CaGgát;EdlmankmøaMgsUnü elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIbnÞúk
ÉktþamanGMeBIenARtg;tMN C EdlenAkñúgkrNIenH FCG = 1(T ) .
ExS\T§iBl³ edaybgðajtémøkñúgtaragCacMNucenAelIkUGredaen nigedayP¢ab;cMNucnImYy²edaybnÞat;
Rtg; eyIg)anExS\T§iBlsRmab;Ggát; CG ¬rUbTI 6-25d¦. cMNaMfa enAeBlbnÞúkÉktþasßitenARtg;
x = 9m kmøaMgenAkñúg CG KW FCG = 0.5 . sßanPaBEbbenHTamTar[dak;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIkRmal

s<ancenøaH tMN. karepÞrbnÞúkBIkRmaleTA truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-25e. BIrUbenH eyIg

eXIjfa FCG = 0.5 edaykarviPaKlMnwgéntMN C ¬rUbTI 6-25f¦. edaysarExS\T§iBlsRmab;
CG minlatsn§wgelI ElVgTaMgmUlrbs; truss ¬rUbTI 6-25d¦ eKehAGgát; CG CaGgát;rg (secondary

member).

]TahrN_ 6-17³ kMNt;kmøaMgFMbMputEdlGacekItmanenAkñúgGgát; BC rbs; truss s<anEdlbgðaj

enAkñúgrUbTI 6-26a EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½t100kN nigbnÞúkBRgaycl½t 7.5kN / m . bnÞúkRtUv)an
GnuvtþenAGgát;xagelI.

dMeNaHRsay³
CMnYstémøelxkñúgtarag³ taragénTItaMgbnÞúkÉktþa x enARtg;tMNtambeNþayGgát;xagelICamYynwg
kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BC RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-26b. eKGaceRbIviFImuxkat;sRmab;karKNna. Ca
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -191
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ enAeBlbnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc I Edl x = 8m dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-26a dMbUgeKRtUv

kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ E y Edl E y = 0.25 . bnÞab;mk eKkat; truss Rtg;Ggát; BC / HB nig HI ehIy
eyIgBinitükMNat; truss xagsþaM ¬rUbTI 6-26c¦. eKTTYl FBC edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc H
edIm,IlubbM)at; FHI nig FHB . tamrebobdUcKña kMNt;témødéTeTotenAkñúgrUbTI 6-26b.
ExS\T§iBl³ düaRkaméntémøkñúgtaragCaExS\T§iBl ¬rUbTI 6-26d¦. tamkarGegát Ggát; BC CaGgát;
em. ehtuGVI?
kmøaMgcMcMNucGefr³ bnÞúkFMbMputenAkñúgGgát; BC ekItmanenAeBleKdak;kmøaMgcl½t100kN enARtg;
x = 16m . dUcenH

FBC = (1.33)(100) = 133kN

bnÞúkBRgayGefr³ eKRtUvdak;bnÞúkBRgayGefrenAelI truss TaMgmUledIm,IbegáIt)ankmøaMgTajFMbMput
enAkñúgGgát; BC . dUcenH
*

⎡1 ⎤
FBC = ⎢ (32)(1.33)⎥ 7.5 = 160kN
⎣2 ⎦
kmøaMgGtibrmasrub
(FBC )max = 1.33kN + 160kN = 293kN

^>^> \T§iBlGtibrmaenARtg;cMNucmYyEdlbNþalBIes‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc
(Maximum influence at a point due to a series of concentrated loads)
enAeBleKsg;ExS\T§iBlrbs;GnuKmn_kmøaMgsRmab;cMNucmYyenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMrUcehIy eKGac
kMNt;\T§iBlGtibrmaEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgcMcMNucGefredayKuNGredaenkMBUlrbs;ExS\T§iBlCamYynwg
TMhMrbs;kmøaMg. b:uEnþenAkñúgkrNIxøH eRKOgbgÁúMEtgEtrgnUves‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc dUcCabnÞúkrbs;kg;rfynþ
dwkTMnij b¤rfePøIg. edIm,IkMNt;\T§iBlGtibrmaenAkñúgkrNIEbbenH eKGaceRbIviFIsakl,gEktRmUv
(trial-and-error procedure) b¤eRbIviFIEdlQrelIkarbERmbRmYlGnuKmn_kmøaMgEdlKitfabnÞúkcl½t.

enATIenH viFInImYy²RtUv)anBnül;sRmab;karGnuvtþeTAelIkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;.

kmøaMgkat;³ eKmanFñwmTRmsamBaØCamYynwgExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C enAkñúgrUbTI 6-
27a. eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C EdlbNþalBIes‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNucEdl
cl½telIFñwmBIsþaMeTAeqVg. bnÞúkeRKaHfñak;ekItmanenAeBleKdak;bnÞúkmYyenAxagsþaMcMNuc C bnþicEdl
*
kmøaMgTajFMbMputenAkñúgGgát; GB én]TahrN_ 6-15 ekItmanenAeBlbnÞúkBRgayeFVIGMeBIenAelI truss BI x = 0m eTA 8m
¬rUbTI 6-24d¦
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -192
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RtYtsIuKñanwgcMNuckMBUlrbs;ExS\T§iBl. eday trial and error eKGaceFVIkarGegátkrNIEdlGacekIt

mancMnYnbI ¬rUbTI 6-27b¦. eyIg)an
krNITI1³ (VC )1 = 4.5(0.75) + 18(0.625) + 18(0.5) = 23.63kN
krNITI2³ (VC )2 = 4.5(− 0.125) + 18(0.75) + 18(0.625) = 24.19kN
krNITI3³ (VC )3 = 4.5(0) + 18(− 0.125) + 18(0.75) = 11.25kN
krNITI2 EdlmankmøaMg 4.5kN sßitenARtg;1.5+ m BITRmxageqVgeFVI[témø VC FMbMput dUcenH
vaCakardak;bnÞúkEdleRKaHfñak;bMput. Cak;Esþg karGegátkrNITI3 KWmanlkçN³mincaM)ac; edaysar
kartMerobbnÞúkEbbenHeFVI[témørbs; (VC )3 tUcCag (VC )2 .

enAeBlbnÞúkcMcMNucCaeRcIneFVIGMeBIelIElVgFñwm dUckñúgkrNIbnÞúk E-72 énrUbTI 1-11 eKGac

eRbIkarKNna trial-and-error xagelI)an. eKGackMNt;TItaMgeRKaHfñak;rbs;bnÞúkedayrkbERmbRmYl
kmøaMgkat; ΔV EdlekItmanenAeBlbnÞúkcl½tBIkrNITImYyeTAkrNITIBIr bnÞab;mkBIkrNITIBIreTAkrNI
TIbI nigbnþbnÞab;. enAeBlEdlkarKNna ΔV viC¢man TItaMgfμInwgeFVI[mankmøaMgkat;enAkñúgFñwmRtg; C FM
CagTItaMgelIkmun. eKRtUveFVIkarGegátrhUtdl;TTYl)anbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;GviC¢man. enAeBleyIg
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -193
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

TTYl)antémøGviC¢manEbbenH mann½yfaTItaMgrbs;bnÞúkelIkmunpþl;nUvtémøeRKaHfñak;. eKGackMNt;

bERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat; ΔV sRmab;bnÞúk P Edlcl½tBITItaMg x1 eTA x2 enAelIFñwmedayKuN P CamYynwg
bERmbRmYlGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBl Edl ¬ y2 − y1 ¦. RbsinebICRmalrbs;ExS\T§iBlKW s enaH
( y 2 − y1 ) = s(x2 − x1 ) dUcenH
ΔV = Ps( x2 − x1 ) sRmab;ExS\T§iBlEdlmanCRmal (6-1)

RbsinebIbnÞúkcl½tqøgcMNucEdlExS\T§iBlmanPaBdac; dUcbnÞúk C enAkñúgrUbTI 6-27a enaH

bERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;manlkçN³samBaØbMputKW
ΔV = P( y 2 − y1 ) sRmab;ExS\T§iBlEdlmanPaBdac; (6-2)

kareRbIsmIkarxagelICamYynwgFñwmrgbnÞúkbgðajBIExS\T§iBlsRmab; VC ¬rUbTI 6-27a¦. cMNaMfatémø

rbs;CRmalénExS\T§iBlKW s = 0.75 /(12 − 3) = 0.75 / 9 = 0.0833 ehIyPaBdac;enARtg;cMNuc C man
TMhM 0.75 + 0.25 = 1 . BicarNabnÞúkénkrNITI1 Edlcl½t1.5m eTAkrNITI2 ¬rUbTI 6-27b¦. enA
eBlekItmankrNIenH bnÞúk 4.5kN Føak;cuH − 1 ehIybnÞúkTaMgGs;cl½teLIgtamCRmalrbs;ExS\T§iBl.
dUc enHbERmbRmYlkmøaMgkat;sRmab;krNIenHKW
ΔV1− 2 = 4.5(− 1) + [4.5 + 18 + 18](0.0833)(1.5) = +0.563kN
edaysar ΔV1− 2 viC¢man enaHkrNITI2nwgmanVC FMCagkrNITI1. eRbobeFobcemøIy (VC )1 nig (VC )2
Edl)anKNnaBImun EdlCak;Esþg (VC )2 = (VC )1 + 0.563 . eFVIkarGegát ΔV2 − 3 EdlekItmanenAeBl
krNITI2cl½teTAkrNITI3 ¬rUbTI 6-27b¦ eyIgRtUvKitkarFøak;cuHénbnÞúk18kN nigkarcl½ttamTis
edk1.5m énbnÞúkTaMgGs;elICRmalrbs;ExS\T§iBl. eyIg)an
ΔV2 − 3 = 18(− 1) + [4.5 + 18 + 18](0.0833)(1.5) = −12.94kN
edaysar ΔV2 − 3 GviC¢man enaHkrNITI2CaTItaMgénbnÞúkeRKaHfñak; dUckarkMNt;elIkmun.
m:Um:g;Bt;³ eyIgk¾GaceRbIviFIelIkmunedIm,IkMNt;TItaMgeRKaHfñak;énes‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNucEdlbegáItm:Um:g;Bt;
FMbMputenARtg;TItaMgCak;lak;enAelIeRKOgbgÁúM. dMbUg eKcaM)ac;RtUvKUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;enARtg;
cMNuc nigkMNt;CRmal s rbs;kMNat;ExS\T§iBlrbs;va. sRmab;clnatamTisedk (x2 − x1 ) rbs;bnÞúk
cMcMNuc P bERmbRmYlm:Um:g;Bt; ΔM smmUleTAnwgTMhMrbs;bnÞúkKuNnwgbERmbRmYlGredaenrbs;ExS
\T§iBleRkamGMeBI rbs;bnÞúk.
ΔM = Ps (x2 − x1 ) sRmab;ExS\T§iBlEdlmanCRmal (6-3)

Ca]TahrN_ BicarNaFñwm bnÞúk nigExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc C enAkñúgrUbTI 6-28a. Rbsin

ebI eKdak;bnÞúknImYy²énbnÞúkcMcMNucTaMgbIenAelIFñwm[RtUvKñanwgkMBUlrbs;ExS\T§iBl eyIgnwgTTYl)an
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -194
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

\T§iBlFMbMputBIkmøaMgnImYy². krNIénkardak;bnÞúkbIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-28b. enAeBlbnÞúk

énkrNITI1 cl½t)an1.2m eTAeqVg eyIgnwg)ankrNITI2. eyIgeXIjfa bnÞúk 9kN kat;bnßy ΔM 1− 2
edaysarCRmal (2.25 / 3)manTisedAcuHeRkam ¬rUbTI 6-28a¦. dUcKña kmøaMg18kN nig13.5kN eFVI
[ ΔM 1− 2 ekIneLIg edaysarCRmal [2.25 /(12 − 3)] manTisedAeLIgelI. eyIgman
⎛ 2.25 ⎞ ⎛ 2.25 ⎞
ΔM 1− 2 = −9⎜ ⎟(1.2) + (18 + 13.5)⎜ ⎟(1.2) = 1.35kN .m
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 12 − 3 ⎠
edaysar ΔM 1− 2 viC¢man eyIgRtUveFVIkarGegátbnþeTotedaycl½tbnÞúk1.8m BIkrNITI2 eTAkrNITI3.
⎛ 2.25 ⎞ ⎛ 2.25 ⎞
ΔM 2 − 3 = −(9 + 18)⎜ ⎟(1.8) + 13.5⎜ ⎟(1.8) = −30.38kN .m
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 12 − 3 ⎠
enATIenH bERmbRmYlGviC¢man dUcenHm:Um:g;Bt;FMbMputenARtg;cMNuc C nwgekItmanenAeBlFñwmrgbnÞúkdUc
bgðajenAkñúgkrNITI2 ¬rUbTI 6-28c¦. dUcenHm:Um:g;GtibrmaenARtg; C KW
(M C )max = 9(1.35) + 18(2.25) + 13.5(1.8) = 77.0kN .m
]TahrN_xageRkamnwgbgðajBIbEnßmBIviFIenH.

]TahrN_ 6-18³ kMNt;kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaEdlekItmanenARtg;cMNuc B enAkñúgFñwmEdlbgðaj

enAkñúgrUbTI 6-29a EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkkg;rbs;rfynþdwkTMnij.
dMeNaHRsay³
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-29b.
karcl½t 0.9m rbs;bnÞúk18kN ³ KitfabnÞúk18kN eFVIGMeBIenAxagsþaMcMNuc B bnþicEdleFIV[eyIg
TTYl)an\T§iBlviC¢manGtibrma. edaysarkMNat;Fñwm BC manRbEvg 3m enaHbnÞúk 4.5kN minTan;man
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -195
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GMeBIelIFñwmeT. enAeBlrfynþdwkTMnijcl½t 0.9m eTAeqVg bnÞúk18kN Føak;cuHenAelIExS\T§iBl1Éktþa

ehIybnÞúk18kN / 40.5kN nig 67.5kN eFVI[ ΔVB viC¢manekIneLIg edaysarCRmalekIneLIgeTAeqVg.
eTaHbICabnÞúk 45kN cl½teTAmux 0.9m k¾eday k¾vaenAminTan;manGMeBIelIFñwmEdr. dUcenH
⎛ 0.5 ⎞
ΔVB = 18(− 1) + (18 + 40.5 + 67.5)⎜ ⎟0.9 = +0.9kN
⎝ 3 ⎠

karcl½t1.8m rbs;bnÞúk 40.5kN ³ enAeBlbnÞúk 40.5kN manGMeBIenAxagsþaMcMNuc B bnþic ehIybnÞab;

mkrfynþdwkTMnijcl½t1.8m eTAeqVg eyIgman
⎛ 0.5 ⎞ ⎛ 0.5 ⎞
ΔVB = 40.5(− 1) + (18 + 40.5 + 67.5)⎜ ⎟(1.8) + 4.5⎜ ⎟(1.2) = +6.3kN
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
cMNaMfakñúgkarKNnabnÞúk 45kN cl½t)an1.2m enAelIFñwm.
karcl½t1.8m rbs;bnÞúk 67.5kN ³ RbsinebIbnÞúk 67.5kN manTItaMgenAxagsþaMcMNuc B bnþic ehIy
bnÞab;mkrfynþdwkTMnijcl½teTAeqVg)ancm¶ay1.8m enaHbnÞúk18kN enAsl;Etcm¶ay 0.3m eTot
vanwgecjBIFñwm dUcKñaRbsinbnÞúk 40.5kN cl½tEfm1.2m vak¾nwgcakecjBIFñwmEdr. dUcenH
⎛ 0.5 ⎞ ⎛ 0.5 ⎞ ⎛ 0.5 ⎞
ΔVB = 67.5(− 1) + 18⎜ ⎟(0.3) + 40.5⎜ ⎟(1.2) + (67.5 + 45)⎜ ⎟(1.8) = −24.8kN
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
edaysar ΔVB GviC¢man TItaMgd¾RtwmRtUvrbs;bnÞúkekItmanenAeBlbnÞúk 67.5kN sßitenAxagsþaMcMNuc B
bnþic ¬rUbTI 6-29c¦. dUcenH
(VB )max = 18(− 0.05) + 40.5(− 0.2) + 37.5(0.5) + 45(0.2) = 33.8kN
kñúgkarGnuvtþ eKk¾GacBicarNaclnarbs;rfynþdwgTMnijBIeqVgeTAsþaM ehIybnÞab;mkeRCIserIstémø
GtibrmarvagsßanPaBTaMgBIrenH.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -196

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 6-19³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;viC¢manGtibrmaEdlekItmanenARtg;cMNuc B enAkñúgFñwmEdlbgðaj

enAkñúgrUbTI 6-30a EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkkg;rbs;]bkrN_eyag (crane).

dMeNaHRsay³
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc B RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-30b.
karcl½t 2m rbs;bnÞúk 3kN ³ RbsinebIeKsnμt;fabnÞúk 3kN eFVIGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc B ehIybnÞab;mkva
cl½t 2m eTAxagsþaM ¬rUbTI 6-30b¦ enaHbERmbRmYlm:Um:g;Bt;KW
⎛ 1.20 ⎞ ⎛ 1.20 ⎞
ΔM B = −3⎜ ⎟(2) + 8⎜ ⎟(2) = 7.20kN .m
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
ehtuGIVeKminKitbBa©ÚlbnÞúk 4kN kñúgkarKNna?
karcl½t 3m rbs;bnÞúk 8kN ³ RbsinebIeKsnμt;fabnÞúk 8kN eFVIGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc B ehIybnÞab;mkva
cl½t 3m eTAxagsþaM enaHbERmbRmYlm:Um:g;Bt;KW
⎛ 1.20 ⎞ ⎛ 1.20 ⎞ ⎛ 1.20 ⎞
ΔM B = −3⎜ ⎟(3) − 8⎜ ⎟(3) + 4⎜ ⎟(2) = −8.40kN .m
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
cMNaMfa enATIenHbnÞúk 4kN sßitenAxageRkAFñwm1m dUcenHvacl½telIFñwmEt 2m b:ueNÑaH.
edaysar ΔM B pøas;bþÚrsBaØa TItaMgBitR)akdrbs;bnÞúksRmab;m:Um:g;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg; B
ekItmanenAeBlEdlkmøaMg 8kN sßitenARtg; B ¬rUbTI 6-30b¦. dUcenH
(M B )max = 8(1.20) + 3(0.4) = 10.8kN .m

Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -197

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 6-20³ kMNt;kmøaMgsgát;GtibrmaEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát; BG én truss xagenAkñúgrUbTI

6-31a EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkkg;xagsþaMrbs;rfynþ nigrfseNþag. snμt;fabnÞúkGnuvtþedaypÞal;eTAelI
truss nigcl½teTAEtsþaM.

dMeNaHRsay³
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BG RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-31b. enATIenH eyIgnwgeRbIviFI
trial-and error sRmab;karedaHRsaycMeNaTenH. edaysareyIgcg;)ankmøaMgGviC¢man ¬sgát;¦FMbMput

enAkñúgGgát; BG eyIgcab;epþImedaHRsaydUcxageRkam³
bnÞúk1.5kN enARtg;cMNuc C ³ enAkñúgkrNIenH
⎛ 0.3125 ⎞
FBG = 1.5kN (− 0.625) + 4(0) + 2kN ⎜ ⎟(1m ) = −0.729kN
⎝ 3m ⎠
bnÞúk 4kN enARtg;cMNuc C ³ edayGegátkrNIenH eyIgeXIjfavamanlkçN³smRsbCagkrNIelIkmun
⎛ − 0.625 ⎞
FBG = 4kN (− 0.625) + 1.5kN ⎜ ⎟(4m ) + 2kN (0.3125) = −2.50kN
⎝ 6m ⎠
bnÞúk 2kN enARtg;cMNuc C ³ enAkñúgkrNIenHbnÞúkTaMgGs;nwgbegáItkmøaMgsgát;enAkñúgGgát; BC .
⎛ − 0.625 ⎞ ⎛ − 0.625 ⎞
FBC = 2kN (− 0.625) + 4kN ⎜ ⎟(3m ) + 1.5kN ⎜ ⎟(1m ) = −2.66kN
⎝ 6m ⎠ ⎝ 6m ⎠
edaysarlT§plénkrNIcugeRkaypþl;nUvcemøIyFMbMput bnÞúkeRKaHfñak;ekItmanenAeBlbnÞúk 2kN enA
Rtg;cMNuc C .

^>&> kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xat (Absolute maximum shear and moment)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 6-6 eyIg)anbegáItviFIsRmab;KNnakmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaenARtg;
cMNucCak;lak;enAelIFñwmEdlbNþalBIes‘rIénbnÞúkcl½tcMcMNuc. cMeNaTEdlmanlkçN³TUeTACagEdl
Bak;B½n§nwgkarkMNt;TItaMgrbs;cMNucenAelIFñwm nigTItaMgrbs;bnÞúkenAelIFñwmEdlGac[eKTTYl)an

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -198

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

kmøaMgkat;Gtibrmadac;xat nigm:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;xatEdlekItBIbnÞúkxageRkA. RbsinebIFñwmCaFñwm

kugs‘ul b¤FñwmTRmsamBaØ eKGacedaHRsaydUcxageRkam³
kmøaMgkat;³ sRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ulkmøaMgkat;Gtibrmadac;xatnwgekItmanenARtg;cMNucEdlmanTItaMgEk,r
TRmbgáb;. eKGacrkkmøaMgkat;GtibrmaedayviFImuxkat; CamYynwgbnÞúkEdlmanTItaMgNamYyenAelI
ElVgFñwm ¬rUbTI 6-32¦.

sRmab;FñwmTRmsamBaØkmøaMgkat;Gtibrmadac;xatnwgekItmanenAEk,rTRmNamYy. enAkñúgkrNI
enH eKdak;bnÞúky:agNa[bnÞúkmYyenAEk,rTRmCabnþbnÞab; dUcenAkñúgrUbTI 6-33.

m:Um:g;Bt;³ m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;xatsRmab;Fñwmkugs‘ulekItmanenARtg;cMNucdUcKñanwgkarekItmankmøaMg
kat;Gtibrmadac;xat eTaHbICaenAkñúgkrNIenHbnÞúkcMcMNucmanTItaMgenAcugq¶ayBITRmk¾eday dUcenAkñúg
rUbTI 6-34.

CaFmμta sRmab;FñwmTRmsamBaØeKminGackMNt;TItaMgeRKaHfñak;rbs;bnÞúk nigm:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;

xat edaykarGegát)aneT. b:uEnþeyIgGackMNt;TItaMgedaykarviPaK. ]bmaeKmanFñwmrgkmøaMg F1 /
F2 / F3 EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-35a. edaysardüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;es‘rIénkmøaMgcMcMNucpSMeLIg

eday kMNat;bnÞat;Rtg;EdlmankMBUlenARtg;kmøaMgnImYy² m:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatnwgekItmaneRkamGMeBI

énkmøaMgmYyénkmøaMgTaMgbI. snμt;fam:Um:g;GtibrmaenHekItmaneRkamGMeBI F2 . TItaMgénbnÞúk F1 / F2 /
F3 enAelIFñwmRtUv)ankMNt;edaycm¶ay x Edlvas;BI F2 eTAcMNuckNþalrbs;FñwmdUcbgðaj. edIm,I

kMNt;témøCak;lak;rbs; x dMbUgeyIgRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;RbB½n§kmøaMg FR nigcm¶ay x' Edlvas;

BI F2 . bnÞab;mkeTot eFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc B eyIgnwg)ankmøaMgRbtikmμ Ay xageqVgrbs;Fñwm Edl
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -199
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∑MB = 0 Ay =
1
( )
(FR )⎡⎢ L − x'− x ⎤⎥
L ⎣2 ⎦
RbsinebIeKkat;FñwmenAxageqVg F2 bnþic enaHdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-35b.
dUcenH m:Um:g; M 2 eRkamGMeBI F2 KW
⎛L ⎞
∑M = 0 M 2 = Ay ⎜ − x ⎟ − F1d1
⎝2 ⎠
⎡L
(
⎤⎛ L ⎞
)
= (FR )⎢ − x'− x ⎥⎜ − x ⎟ − F1d1
1
L ⎣2 ⎦⎝ 2 ⎠
FR L FR x' FR x 2 FR x x'
= − − + − F1d1
4 2 2 L
edIm,I[ M 2 Gtibrma eKTamTar[
dM 2 2 F x F x'
=− R + R =0
dx L L
b¤ x=
x'
2
dUcenH eyIgGacsnñidæanfam:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgFñwmTRmsamBaØekItmaneRkamGMeBIénkmøaMgcM
cMNucmYy EdlkmøaMgenHmanTItaMgenAelIFñwmEbbNaEdlva nigkmøaMgpÁÜbénRbB½n§kmøaMgmancm¶ayesμIKña
BIcMNuckNþalFñwm. edaysareKmanes‘rIénkmøaMgenAelIElVg ¬]TahrN_ F1 / F2 / F3 kñúgrUbTI 6-
35a¦ eKRtUvGnuvtþeKalkarN_eTAelIbnÞúknImYy²énes‘rIbnÞúk nigKNnam:Um:g;GtibrmaEdlRtUvnwgkmøaMg
enaH. edaykareRbobeFob m:Um:g;EdlmanTMhMFMCageKCam:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xat. CaTUeTA m:Um:g;Gtibrma
dac;xateRcInekItmaneRkamGMeBIkmøaMgEdlFMCageKEdlsßitenAEk,rkmøaMgpÁÜbrbs;RbB½n§kmøaMg.

kBa©b;éntémøExS\T§iBlGtibrma³ c,ab; b¤rUbmnþsRmab;kMNt;kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatmankar

Bi)aksRmab;FñwmEdlxusBIFñwmkugs‘lu nigFñwmTRmsamBaØEdl)anerobrab;enATIenH. b:uEnþ edIm,IedaH
RsaycMeNaTEbbenH eKRtUvsg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuceRCIserIstam
beNþayFñwm ehIybnÞab;mkKNnakmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;cMNucnImYy²edayeRbIviFIenAkñúg
kfaxNÐ 6-6. eRkayeBlsg;düaRkaméntémøTaMgenH eKnwg)ankBa©b;éntémøGtibrmaBItémøkmøaMgkat;
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -200
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

b¤m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrma dac;xat ehIyeKGackMNt;TItaMgrbs;va. CakarBit eKENnaM[eRbIkmμviFIkMuBüÚT½r

sRmab;edaHRsaycMeNaTsμúKsμaj edaysarkarviPaKedayédmanlkçN³saMjúaM.

]TahrN_ 6-21³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgkRmals<anTRmsamBaØEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

6-36a.

dMeNaHRsay³
dMbUgeKRtUvkMNt;TMhM nigTItaMgrbs;kmøaMgpÁÜbénRbB½n§ ¬rUbTI 6-36a¦. eyIgman
+ ↓ FR = ∑ F FR = 8 + 6 + 4 = 18kN
+ M RC = ∑ M C 18 x = 6(3) + 4(4.5) x = 2m

dMbUgeyIgsnμt;fam:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatekItmaneRkamGMeBIénbnÞúk 6kN . eKdak;bnÞúk nigbnÞúkpÁÜbenA

cm¶ayesμIKñaBIcMNuckNþalrbs;Fñwm ¬rUbTI 6-36b¦. dMbUg KNna Ay ¬rUbTI 6-36b¦ eyIgman
+ ∑MB = 0 − Ay (9 ) + 18(5) = 0 Ay = 10kN

edayeRbImuxkat;xageqVgrbs;Fñwm ¬rUbTI 6-36c¦ eyIg)an

+ MS = 0 − 10(5) + 8(3) + M S = 0 M S = 26.0kN .m
m:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatGacmanlT§PaBekItmaneRkamGMeBIénbnÞúk 8kN edaysar 8kN > 6kN ehIy
edaysar FR sßitenAcenøaHbnÞúk 8kN nig 6kN . edIm,IGegátkrNIenH eKRtUvdak;bnÞúk 8kN nig FR
Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures T.Chhay -201
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cm¶ayesμIKñaBIcMNuckNþalrbs;Fñwm ¬rUbTI 6-36d¦. bgðajfa Ay = 7kN dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-

36e nigbgðajfa
M S = 24.5kN .m
edaykareRbobeFob m:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xagKW
M S = 26kN .m
EdlekItmaneRkamGMeBIénbnÞúk 6kN enAeBlEdlbnÞúkmanTItaMgenAelIFñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 6-
36b.

ExS\T§iBlsRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic T.Chhay -202

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
6>1> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμ
bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc A (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;
cMNuc C nig (c) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C .
edaHRsaycMeNaT enHedayeRbIviFImUldæanén 6>6> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>5> edayeRbIeKal-
kfaxNÐ 6-1. karN_muyeyeRbsøÚ.
6>7> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;
TRmbgáb; A nig (c) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc B .

6>2> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>1> edayeRbIeKal-

karN_muyeyeRbsøÚ. 6>8> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>7> edayeRbIeKal-
6>3> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμ karN_muyeyeRbsøÚ.
bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc A (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; 6>9> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμ
cMNuc A nig (c) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B . bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc B (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
snμt;faTRmenA Rtg;cMNuc A CaTRmbgáb;. cMNuc C nig (c) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc C .
edaHRsaycMeNaT enHedayeRbIviFImUldæanén snμt;fa A CaTRm snøak; ehIy B CaTRmkl;.
kfaxNÐ 6-1. edaHRsaycMeNaT enHedayeRbIviFImUldæanén
kfaxNÐ 6-1.

6>4> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>3> edayeRbIeKal-

karN_muyeyeRbsøÚ.
6>10> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>9> edayeRbIeKal-
6>5> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμ
karN_muyeyeRbsøÚ.
bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc A (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;
6>11> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμ
cMNuc C nig (c) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C .
bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc B (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;
edaHRsaycMeNaT enHedayeRbIviFImUldæanén
cMNuc C nig (c) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C . edaH
kfaxNÐ 6-1.
Problems T.Chhay -203
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RsaycMeNaTenHedayeRbIviFImUldæanénkfaxNÐ 6>17> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgkat;enA

6-1. Rtg;cMNuc C (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C nig
(c) kmøaMgkat;bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc D . bgðaj

témøCaelxsRmab;kMBUl. FñwmenHmansnøak;
enARtg;TRm B ehIy A CaTRmsnøak;. edaH
6>12> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>10> edayeRbI RsaycMeNaTenH edayeRbIviFImUldæanénkfa-
eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚ. xNÐ 6-1.
6>13> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc A nig(b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc B .
snμt;fa A CaTRmbgáb;. edaHRsaycMeNaT
enHedayeRbI viFImUldæanénkfaxNÐ 6-1.
6>18> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>17> edayeRbI
eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚ.
6>19> FñwmmYyRTbnÞúkefrBRgayesμI 500 N / m
6>14> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>13> edayeRbI nigkmøaMgcMcMNucGefreTal 3000 N . kMNt; (a)
eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚ. m:Um:g;viC¢manGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanenARtg;
6>15> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; cMNuc C nig(b) kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaEdl
cMNuc C (b) kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc A GacekItmanenARtg;cMNuc C . snμt; A CaTRm
nig (c) kmøaMgkat;bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc B . cMNuc snøak; nig B CaTRmkl;.
E Casnøak;. edaHRsaycMeNaTenHedayeRbIviFI

mUldæanénkfaxNÐ 6-1.

6>20> bnÞúkGefrBRgayesμI10.5kN / m nigbnÞúk

6>16> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>15> edayeRbI cMNucGefreTal 45kN RtUv)andak;elIFñwm.
eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚ. kMNt; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrGefrviC¢manGti-
brmaenARtg;TRm A (b) kmøaMgkat;GefrviC¢man
cMeNaT T.Chhay -204
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

GtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C (c) m:Um:g;GefrviC¢man m:Um:g;Bt;GefrGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanenARtg;cM

GtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C . snμt; A CaTRmkl; Nuc C nig (b) kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaEdl
nig B CaTRmsnøak;. GacekItmanenARtg;cMNuc C . snμt; B CaTRm
snøak; nig A CaTRmkl;.

6>21> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμ

bBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc B (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc 6>25> bnÞúkGefrBRgayesμI 7.5kN / m nig
E . snμt;TRm B nig D CaTRmkl; (roller).
kmøaMgcMcMNuceTal 90kN manGMeBIenAelIFñwm.
enARtg;cMNuc C Casnøak;. edaHRsaycMeNaT kMNt; (a) kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrviC¢manGtibrma
enHeday eRbIviFImUldæanénkfaxNÐ 6-1. enARtg;TRm B (b) kmøaMgkat;GrefrviC¢manGti-
brmaenARtg;cMNuc C nig (c) m:Um:g;GefrviC¢man
GtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C . snμt;fa A CaTRm
snøak; nig B CaTRmkl;.
6>22> edaHRsaycMeNaT 6>21> edayeRbI
eKalkarN_muyeyeRbsøÚ.
6>23> FñwmsmasrgbnÞúkefrBRgayesμI 2kN / m
nigbnÞúkGefrBRgayesμI1.5kN / m . kMNt; (a) 6>26> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgTajkñúgkab
BC . kMras;rbs;FñwmRtUv)anecal. etIkmøaMg
m:Um:g;Bt;GviC¢manGtibrmaEdlekItenARtg;cMNuc
A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg;
TajGtibrmakñúgkabEdlbNþalBIbnÞúk 30kN
cMNuc D . snμt; B CatMNsnøak; nig C Ca manTMhMb:unμan?
TRmkl;.

6>24> FñwmrgbnÞúkefrBRgayesμI 500 N / m nig

kmøaMgcMcMNucGefreTal 3000 N . kMNt; (a)
Problems T.Chhay -205
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6>27> FñwmrgbnÞúkGefrBRgayesμI 0.6kN / m nig 6>30> etIeKRtUvdak;bnÞúkGefrBRgayesμI

kmøaMgcMcMNucGefr 0.8kN . kMNt; (a) m:Um:g;Bt; 6kN / m Rtg;kEnøgNaenAelIFñwm ABC én

GefrviC¢manGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanenARtg; cMeNaT 6>29 edIm,I TTYl)an (a) m:Um:g;Bt;

cMNuc B nig (b) kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄr enARtg; GrefrFMbMputenARtg;cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;
cMNuc D . snμt; C CaTRmsnøak; nig D CaTRm GefrFMbMputenARtg;cMNuc D ? kMNt;témøén
kl;. m:Um:g;Bt; nigkmøaMgkat;. snμt; A CaTRmbgáb; B
CatMNsnøak; nig C CaTRmkl;.
6>31> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgkat;kñúg
panel BC rbs;rt (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc A .

snμt; B CaTRmkl; nig D CaTRmsnøak;.

6>28> FñwmsmasrgbnÞúkefrBRgayesμI
1.5kN / m nig kmøaMgcMcMNucefreTal 10kN .

kMNt; (a) m:Um:g; Bt; GviC¢manGtibrmaEdlGac

ekItmanenARtg; cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat; 6>32> bnÞúkBRgayGefr 7.5kN / m nigbnÞúk
viC¢manenARtg;cMNuc B . snμt; A CaTRmbgáb; cMcMNucGefr 9kN manGMeBIenAelIkRmalxNÐ.
B Ca tMNsnøak; nig C CaTRmkl;.
kMNt; (a) kmøaMgkat;GefrviC¢manGtibrmaenAkñúg
panel DE nig (b) m:Um:g;Bt;GefrGviC¢manGti-

brmaenARtg;cMNuc C .

6>29> eKRtUvdak;bnÞúkGefreTal 2kN enAelIFñwm

Rtg;TItaMgNaedIm,I[vabegáItm:Um:g;Bt;GefrFM
6>33> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgkat;kñúg
bMputenARtg;cMNuc D ? etIm:Um:g;Bt;enHmanTMhM
panel DE rbs;rt (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C .
b:unμan? snμt; A CaTRmbgáb; B Ca tMNsnøak;
nig C CaTRmkl;.

6>34> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgkat;kñúg

panel CD rbs;rt (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc E .

cMeNaT T.Chhay -206

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

6>38> bnÞúkBRgayGefr 5kN / m nigbnÞúkGrfr

cMcMNuc18kN manGMeBIelIkRmal. kMNt; (a)
kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc D (b) kmøaMg
kat;viC¢manGtibrmaenAkñúg panel EF rbs;rt
6>35> bnÞúkBRgayGefr 6kN / m nigbnÞúkGrfr nig (c) m:Um:g;Bt;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc F .
cMcMNuc 9kN manGMeBIelIkRmalxNÐ. kMNt; (a) snμt;fa D CaTRmkl; nig G CaTRmsnøak;.
kmøaMgkat;GefrGtibrmaenAkñúg panel CD nig
(b) m:Um:g;GefrGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc B .

6>39> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúg

rtRtg;cMNuc D (b) kmøaMgkat;kñúg panel BC
6>36> bnÞúkBRgayGefr 27kN / m nigbnÞúk rbs; rt.
GrfrcMcMNuc 60kN manGMeBIelIkRmalxagelIFñw
m. RbsinebIFñwm k¾RTbnÞúkBRgayefr
5.25kN / m EdrenaH cUrkMNt; (a) kmøaMgkat;

GtibrmaenAkñúg panel BC rbs;rt nig (b) 6>40> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgrt

m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrma enAkñúg rtRtg;cMNuc C . Rtg;cMNuc B . kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;GefrviC¢man
GtibrmaenA kñúgrtRtg;cMNuc B RbsinebIkmøaMg
GefrcMcMNuceTal 50kN cl½telIkRmalxag
elIFñwm. snμt;TRmrbs;FñwmTaMg enHGacGnuvtþ
kmøaMgEdlmanTiseLIgelI nig kmøaMgEdlman
6>37> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMgkat;kñúg
TiscuHeRkam eTAelIFñwm.
panel BC rbs;rt (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C .

snμt; B CaTRmsnøak; nig D CaTRmkl;.

6>41> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgrt
Rtg; cMNuc F . kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;GefrviC¢man
Problems T.Chhay -207
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GtibrmaenA kñúgrtRtg;cMNuc F RbsinebIkmøaMg

GefrcMcMNuceTal 8kN cl½telIkRmalxagelI.
snμt;TRmrbs;FñwmTaMg enHGacGnuvtþkmøaMgEdl
manTiseLIgelI nig kmøaMgEdlmanTiscuHeRkam 6>45> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
eTAelIFñwm. GF én Warren truss. bgðajtémøCaelx

sRmab;kMBUlrbs;ExSekag. Ggát;TaMgGs;man
RbEvgesμIKña.

6>42> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enAkñúg
panel CD rbs;rt. kMNt;kmøaMgkat;Gefr

GviC¢manGtibrmaenAkñúg panel CD Edl

bNþalBIbnÞúkBRgayGefr 10kN / m Edlman 6>46> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
GMeBIenAelIkRmalxagelIFñwm. FC én Warren truss éncMeNaT 6>45 .

bgðajtémøCaelxsRmab;kMBUlrbs;ExSekag.
Ggát;TaMg Gs;manRbEvgesμIKña.
6>47> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
6>43> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; DE én Warren truss éncMeNaT 6>45 .
cMNuc E rbs;rténcMeNaT 6>41. kMNt;m:Um:g; bgðaj témøCaelxsRmab;kMBUlrbs;ExSekag.
Bt;GefrviC¢manGtibrmaenAkñúgrtRtg;cMNuc E Ggát;TaMgGs;manRbEvgesμIKña.
Rbsin ebIkmøaMgGefrcMcMNuc 40kN cl½tenAelI 6>48> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúg (a)
kRmal xagelIFñwm. Ggát; EH nig (b) Ggát; JE .
6>44> bnÞúkBRgayGefr 5kN / m nigbnÞúkGrfr
cMcMNuc18kN manGMeBIelIkRmal. kMNt; (a)
kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc D (b) kmøaMg
kat;GefrGtibrmaenAkñúg panel DE rbs;rt nig 6>49> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; JI
(c) m:Um:g;Bt;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc E . én truss kñúgcMeNaT 6>48.
snμt; D CaTRmkl; nig G CaTRmsnøak;.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -208
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

6>50> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
AL én truss kñúgcMeNaT 6>48.

6>51> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
HG bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMgGefrGtibrma
6>55> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
NG én truss kñúgcMeNaT 6>54.
¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ EdlGacekItman
enAkñúgGgát;Edl bNþalBIbnÞúkBRgayGefr 6>56> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
OC én truss kñúgcMeNaT 6>54.
16kN / m EdlmanGMeBIelIkRmals<antam

beNþayGgát;xageRkamrbs; truss. 6>57> eKeRbIdMbUl truss sRmab;BüÜrpøÚvén

]bkrN_eyagEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgGgát;xageRkam
rbs; truss dUcbgðaj. kMNt;kmøaMgGefrGti-
brma ¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ EdlGacekIt
manenAkñúgGgát; GF EdlbNþalBIbnÞúk]bkrN_
6>52> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; eyag 60kN . kMNt;TItaMg x rbs;bnÞúk. snμt;
HC bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMgGefrGtibrma ¬kmøaMg truss RtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak;Rtg;cMNuc A

Taj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ EdlGacekItmanenAkñúg nigRtg;cMNuc E edayTRmkl;. ehIysnμt;fa

Ggát;Edl bNþalBIbnÞúkBRgayGefr 16kN / m Ggát;TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;KñaRtg;tMNeday
EdlmanGMeBIelIkRmals<antambeNþayGgát; gusset plate.

xageRkamrbs; truss éncMeNaT 6>51.

6>53> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
AH bnÞab;mkkMNt;kmøaMgGefrGtibrma

¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ EdlGacekItman

enAkñúgGgát;Edl bNþalBIbnÞúkBRgayGefr 6>58> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;GefrGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc
16kN / m Edlman GMeBIelIkRmals<antam
A enAelIrteTalEdlekIteLIgedaysarkUn
beNþayGgát;xageRkam rbs; truss éncMeNaT reTHEdlmanm:as 2Mg ehIyTIRbCMuTm¶n;enARtg;
6>51. G . snμt;fa A CaTRmkl;.
6>54> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
RN én Baltimore truss.

Problems T.Chhay -209

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

6>59> rfynþdwkTMnijTm¶n; 54kN GnuvtþkmøaMgkg;

dUcbgðajeTAelIrts<an. kMNt; (a) kmøaMgkat;
GefrFMbMputEdlekItmanenARtg;tMN C nig (b)
m:Um:g;Bt;FMbMputenARtg;tMN C . snμt;farfynþcr
tamTisNak¾)antambeNþayG½kSkRmal dUcenH 6>62> rfynþmanTm¶n; 21kN nigTIRbCMuTm¶n;Rtg;
bnÞúkrbs;vaRtUv)anepÞrBak;kNþaleTArtxagTaMg G . kMNt;m:Um:g;GefrGtibrmaEdlekItmanenA
BIr. snμt;fatMN C CatMNbgáb; dUcenHvaGac kñúgrtxagRtg; C enAeBlEdlvaqøgkat;s<an.
Tb;Tl;)anTaMgm:Um:g;Bt; nigTaMgkmøaMgkat;. snμt;farfynþcrtamTisNak¾)antambeNþay
G½kSkRmal dUcenHbnÞúkrbs;vaRtUv)anepÞrBak;
kNþaleTArtxagTaMgBIr.

6>60> rfynþdwkTMnijTm¶n; 40.5kN GnuvtþkmøaMg

kg;dUcbgðajeTAelIrts<an. kMNt; (a) kmøaMg 6>63> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
kat;GefrFMbMputEdlekItmanenARtg;tMN C nig IH rbs; truss s<an. kMNt;kmøaMgGefrGti-
(b) m:Um:g;Bt;FMbMputenARtg;tMN C . snμt;[rf-
brma ¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ EdlGacekIt
ynþcrtamTisNak¾)antambeNþayG½kS kRmal manenAkñúgGgát;enHedaysarrfynþdwkTMnij
dUcenHbnÞúkrbs;vaRtUv)anepÞrBak;kNþaleTArt EdlmanTm¶n; 83.25kN EdlmanbnÞúkkg;dUc
xagTaMgBIr. snμt;fatMN C CatMNbgáb; dUcenH bgðaj. snμt; [rfynþcrtamTisNak¾)antam
vaGacTb;Tl;)anTaMgm:Um:g;Bt; nigTaMg kmøaMgkat;. beNþayG½kSkRmal dUcenHbnÞúkrbs;vaRtUv)an
epÞrBak;kNþaleTArtxagTaMgBIr. ehIysnμt;fa
Ggát;TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;KñaRtg;tMNeday
gusset plate.

6>61> kMNt;m:Um:g;GefrGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C
enAelIs<anEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½t.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -210

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

6>64> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; 6>67> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;

CD rbs; truss s<ankñúgcMeNaT 6>63. kMNt; IH rbs; truss s<an. kMNt;kmøaMgGefrGti-

kmøaMgGefrGtibrma ¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ brma ¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦ EdlGacekIt

Edl GacekItmanenAkñúgGgát;enHedaysarrfynþ manenA kñúgGgát;enHedaysarrfynþdwkTMnij
dwkTMnijEdlman Tm¶n; 83.25kN EdlmanbnÞúk EdlmanTm¶n; 25kN EdlmanbnÞúkkg;dUcbgðaj.
kg; dUcbgðaj. snμt;[rfynþcrtamTisNa k¾ snμt;[rfynþcrtamTisNak¾)antambeNþay
)antambeNþayG½kSkRmal dUcenHbnÞúkrbs;va G½kSkRmal dUcenHbnÞúkrbs;vaRtUv)anepÞrBak;
RtUv)anepÞrBak; kNþaleTArtxagTaMgBIr. ehIy kNþaleTArtxagTaMgBIr. ehIysnμt;faGgát;TaMg
snμt;faGgát; TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;KñaRtg;tMN Gs;RtUv)antP¢ab;KñaRtg;tMNeday gusset plate.
eday gusset plate.
6>65> KUrExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
BC rbs; truss s<ankñúgcMeNaT 6>63. kMNt;

kmøaMg GefrGtibrma ¬kmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;¦

Edl GacekItmanenAkñúgGgát;enHedaysarrfynþ
dwkTMnijEdlman Tm¶n; 83.25kN EdlmanbnÞúk 6>68> kMNt;m:Um:g;GefrGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C
kg; dUcbgðaj. snμt; [rfynþcrtamTisNa k¾ EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½t.
)antambeNþayG½kSkRmal dUcenHbnÞúkrbs;va
RtUv)anepÞrBak; kNþaleTArtxagTaMgBIr. ehIy
snμt;faGgát; TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;KñaRtg;tMN
eday gusset plate.
6>66> kMNt;cm¶ay a rbs;FñwmlyedIm,I[bnÞúk 6>69> kMNt;kmøaMgkat;GefrGtibrmaenARtg;
cl½tGacbegáItm:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaenARtg;TRm cMNuc C EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½t ¬rUbéncMeNaT
esμIKñanwgm:Um:g;Bt;enAkNþalElVg. snμt; A Ca 6>68¦.
TRm snøak; nig B CaTRmkl;. 6>70> kMNt;m:Um:g;GefrGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc C
EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½t.

Problems T.Chhay -211

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

6>71> kMNt;kmøaMgkat;GefrGtibrmaenARtg; 6>75> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgrt

cMNuc C EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkcl½t ¬rUbéncMeNaT s<anEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkrfynþdwkTMnijdUcbgðaj.
6>70¦.
6>72> kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;
xatenAkñúgFñwm AB EdlbNþalBIbnÞúk10kN .
lkçxNÐRBMEdnTamTar 0.1m ≤ x ≤ 3.9m .
6>76> bnúÞkkg;GtibrmasRmab;kg;]bkrN_sÞÚc
EdleRbIenAkñúgGKar]sSahkmμRtUv)an[. ]bk
rN_sÞÚccrtambeNþaypøÚvrfEdlRtUv)anRTeday
TRmsamBaØenAelIssr. kMNt; (a) kmøaMgkat;
Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgrtkNþal AB nig (b)
m:Um:g;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgrt.
6>73> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgrt
s<anEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkrfynþdUcbgðaj. bnÞúk
RtUv)andak;edaypÞal;enAelIrt.

6>77> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgrt
s<anEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkdUcbgðaj.
6>74> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrmadac;xatenAkñúgrt
s<anEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkdUcbgðaj. bnÞúkRtUv)an
dak;edaypÞal;enAelIrt.
KMerag6>1> ]bkrN_sÞÚccl½ttambeNþaydgsÞÚc
¬ 0.1m < x < 3.4m ¦ ehIyGaceyag)an 28kN .
edayeRbIemKuNTgÁic 0.3 cUrkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;Gti-
brmadac;xatenAkñúgdgsÞÚc nigkmøaMgGtibrma
cMeNaT T.Chhay -212
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

EdlekItmanenAkñúgExScMNg BC .dgsÞÚcRtUv)n
P¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;eTAnwgssrCBa¢aMgenAcug
xageqVgrbs;va ¬ A ¦.

KMerag6>2> s<ansRmab;GñkefμIreCIgEdlmanTRm
samBaØRtUv)aneKsg;enAkñúg]TüanTIRkugmYy
ehIyGñksikSaKNnaBIrrUb)anesñIKMeragdUcbgðaj
enAkñúgkrNI a nig b. Ggát;rbs; truss RtUv)an
sg;BIeQI. kRmalpSMeLIgedaybnÞHeQIRbEvg
1.5m Edlmanm:as; 20kg / m 2 . kUdkñúgtMbn;

bgðajfabnÞúkGefrenAelIkRmalEdlRtUvkarKW
5kPa CamYynwgemKuNTgÁic 0.2 . KitfakRmal

RtUv)anRTedayTRmsamBaØenAelI stringer. Fñwm

kRmalepÞrbnÞúkeTAtMNxageRkamrbs; truss
¬emIlrUbTI 6-23¦ enAkñúgkrNInImYy² cUrrk
Ggát;EdlrgkmøaMgTajFMCageK nigGgát;Edlrg
kmøaMgsgát;FMCageK ehIyR)ab;BImUlehtukñúgkar
eRCIserIskarKNnamYykñúgcMeNamsMeNITaMgBIr.
Tm¶n;rbs;Ggát; truss RtUv)anecal.

Problems T.Chhay -213

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

&> viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl
Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures

enAkñúgCMBUkenHmanbgðajBIviFIRbEhlxøHEdleRbIedIm,IviPaK trusses nigeRKagminkMNt;eday

sþaTic. viFITaMgenHRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayQrelIeKalkarN_énkareFVIkarrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM ehIyPaB
suRkitrbs;vaenAkñúgkrNICaeRcInmanlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhlnwgviFIviPaKEdlmanlkçN³Cak;las;Cag.
eTaHCay:agNak¾edayCMBUkenHmin)anelIkykeRKOgbgÁúMRKb;TRmg;mkBiPakSaeT eKalbMNgrbs;CMBUk
enHnwgpþl;nUvsBaØaNRKb;RKan;kñúgkaryl;dwgBIviFITaMgenH dUcenHGñksikSaGacvinicä½yeRCIserIsnUvviFI
EdlRbesIrbMputkñúgkarviPaKkmøaMgéneRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl.
&>!> beRmIbRmas;énviFIRbhak;RbEhl (Use of approximate methods)
enAeKeRbIm:UEDledIm,IbgðajeRKOgbgÁúMNamYy karviPaKrbs;vaRtUvbMeBjTaMglkçxNÐlMnwg
(equilibrium) nig TaMglkçxNÐRtUvKña (compatibility) énbMlas;TIenARtg;tMN. lkçxNÐRtUvKña

sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicGacTak;TgnwgbnÞúk kñúgkrNIeyIgsÁal;m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;
smÖar³ nigmuxkat; rUbragrbs;Ggát;. b:uEnþ sRmab;karsikSaKNnadMbUg eyIgnwgminsÁal;muxkat;Ggát;eT
dUcenHeKmin GacBicarNakarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTiceT. sRmab;karviPaK eKRtUvbegáIt
m:UEDlEdlman lkçN³samBaØCag dUcCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. enAeBleKkMNt;m:UEDleRKOg
bgÁúMehIy karviPaK eRKOgbgÁúMenaHRtUv)aneK[eQμaHfa karviPaKRbEhl (approximate analysis).
edayGnuvtþkarviPaKRbEhl eKGaceFVIkarsikSaKNnabzmelIGgát;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM ehIyenAeBlEdl
karsikSaKNnabzmenHcb;sBVRKb; eKGaceFVIkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edayviFIEdlmanlkçN³
Cak;lak; ehIycugeRkaykarsikSaKNnaRtUv)anEktRmUv[manlkçN³l¥RbesIr. karviPaKRbEhlk¾eFVI
[eyIg)an dwgBIkareFVIkarrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMeRkamGMeBIrbs;bnÞúk ehIyvapþl;nUvPaBgayRsYlkñúgkarRtYt
BinitülT§plénviFICak;lak; elIsBIenHeKGaceRbIvasRmab;viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicenAeBl
EdleKminmaneBlevla fvikar niglT§PaB RKb;RKan;kñúgkarGnuvtþkarviPaKEdlmanlkçN³Cak;lak;
Cag.
kñúgn½yTUeTA eyIgRtUvdwgfaviFIviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMRbEhlTaMgGs;manlkçN³samBaØ BIeRBaHeKmin
dwglkçxNÐbnÞúkCak;Esþg ragFrNImaRt kareFVIkarrbs;smÖar³ nigersIusþg;rbs;tMNenARtg;tMN. b:uEnþ
enAkñúgCMBUkenH karviPaKminkMNt;edaysþaTicRtUv)aneKsMedAelIkarviPaKCak;lak; ehIykarviPaKkMNt;
edaysþaTicEdlmanlkçN³samBaØCagRtUv)aneKsMedAelIkarviPaKRbEhl.
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -214
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

&>@> Truss
RbePT truss FmμtaEdleKeRcIneRbIsRmab;BRgwgépÞxagrbs;GKar b¤eRbIsRmab;BRgwgGgát;xag
elI nigGgát;xageRkamrbs;s<anEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-1a ¬emIlrUbTI 3-4¦. enAeBleKeRbIva
sRmab;eKalbMNgEbbenH enaHeKminKitvaCaFatusxM an;sRmab;RTRTg;eRKOgbgÁúMeT ehIyCalT§pleK
eRcInviPaKvaedayviFIRbEhl. enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anbgðaj eKRtUvcMNaMfaRbsinebIeKykGgát;Ggát;RTUg
ecjBI panel nImYy²én panel TaMgbI vanwgkøayCa truss kMNt;edaysþaTic. dUcenH vaCa truss min
kMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTIbI ¬edayeRbIsmIkar 3-1/ b + r > 2 j b¤16 + 3 > 8(2) ¦ dUcenH eyIgRtUveFVIkar
snμt;cMnYnbI cMeBaHkmøaMgr)aredIm,Ikat;eFIV[ truss køayCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. karsnμt;enHRtUv
eFVIeLIg cMeBaHGgát;RTUgEdlExVgKña EdleKdwgfaenAeBlEdlGgát;Ggát;RTUgmYyrbs; panel CaGgát;rg
kmøaMgTaj enaHGgát;Ggát;RTUgmYyeTotCaGgát;rgkmøaMgsgát;. eyIgeXIjy:agCak;EsþgBIrUbTI 7-1b
Edl kmøaMgkat; panel V RtUv)anTb;Tl;edaybgÁúMkmøaMgTajtamTisQenAkñúgGgát; a nigbgÁúMkmøaMgsgát;
tamTisQrenAkñúgGgát; b . CaTUeTAeKmanviFIkñúgkarviPaKcMnYnBIrEdlGacTTYlyk)an.
viFITI 1³ RbsinebIeKmanbMNgcg;sikSaKNna[Ggát;Ggát;RTUgEvg nigRsav eKKYrsnμt;favaminGac
Tb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgsgát; ebImindUecñaHeTvanwggayrgkarekag (buckle). dUcenH kmøaMgkat;
panel RtUv)anTb;Tl;edayGgát;Ggát;RTUgrgkmøag M Taj cMENkÉGgát;Ggát;RTUgrgkarsgát;
RtUv)ansnμt;CaGgát;kmøaMgsUnü.
viFITI 2³ RbsinebIeKcg;sagsg;Ggát;Ggát;RTUgBImuxkat;hUtekþAFM²dUcCaEdkEdlmanmuxkat;Ekg b¤Edk
Edlmanmuxkat;GkSr C enaHvanwgmanlT§PaBesμIKñakñúgkarTb;Tl;kmøaMgsgát; nigkmøaMgTaj.
sRmab;krNIenH eyIgnwgsnμt;faGgát;Ggát;RTUgrgkmøaMgTaj nigGgát;Ggát;RTUgrgkmøaMgsgát;
Tb;Tl;kmøaMgkat; panel Bak;kNþalesμIKña.
viFIviPaKRbEhlTaMgBIrRtUv)anbgðajCatémøelxenAkñúg]TahrN_xageRkam.

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -215

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 7-1³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-2a ¬edaytémø

RbEhl¦. Ggát;Ggát;RTUgRtUv)ansikSaKNna[Tb;Tb;TaMgkmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgsgát; dUcenHvaRtUv)an
eKsnμt;[Tb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat; panel Bak;kNþal. kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmRtUv)anKNna[.

dMeNaHRsay³
tamkarGegát truss enHminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTI2. eKRtUvsnμt;Ggát;RTUgrgkmøaMgTaj nigGgát;
RTUgrgkmøaMgsgát;cMnYnBIredIm,ITb;Tl;kmøaMgesμIKña eBalKW FFB = FAE = F . sRmab;muxkat; panel
xageqVg ¬rUbTI 7-2b¦ eyIgman
⎛ 3⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 20 − 10 − 2⎜ ⎟ F = 0 F = 8.33kN
⎝5⎠
dUcenH FFB = 8.33kN (T )

FAE = 8.33kN (C )
⎛4⎞
+ ∑M A = 0 − 8.33⎜ ⎟3 + FFE (3) = 0 FFE = 6.67 kN (C )
⎝5⎠
⎛4⎞
+ ∑MF = 0 − 8.33⎜ ⎟3 + FAB (3) = 0 FAB = 6.67 kN (T )
⎝5⎠
BItMN A ¬rUbTI 7-2c¦
⎛3⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 FAF − 8.33⎜ ⎟ − 10 = 0 FAF = 15kN (T )
⎝5⎠
muxkat;bBaÄrxagsþaMrbs; panel RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-2d. eyIg)an
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -216
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

FDB = 8.33kN (T ) FED = 6.67 kN (C )

FEC = 8.33kN (C ) FBC = 6.67 kN (T )
elIsBIenH edayeRbIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;tMN D nig E ¬rUbTI 7-2e nig 7-2f¦ eyIg)an
FDC = 5kN (C )

FEB = 10kN (T )

]TahrN_ 7-2³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; truss dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-3a ¬edaytémø

RbEhl¦. snμt;faGgát;Ggát;RTUgEvgRsav dUcenHvanwgminTb;Tl;kmøaMgsgát;eT. kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm
RtUv)anKNna[.

dMeNaHRsay³
tamkarGegát truss enHminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTI4. eKRtUvsnμt;Ggát;RTUgrgkmøaMgsgát;cMnYnbYnCa
Ggát;kmøaMgsUnü. dUcenH BImuxkat; panel xageqVg ¬rUbTI 7-3b¦ eyIgman
FAI = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 40 − 10 − FJB cos 45o = 0 FJB = 42.4kN (T )

+ ∑M A = 0 − 42.4 sin 45o (5) + FJI (5) = 0 FJI = 30kN (C )

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -217

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

+ ∑MJ = 0 − FAB (5) = 0 FAB = 0

BItMN A / rUbTI 7-3c/
FJA = 40kN (C )
muxkat;bBaÄrrbs; truss Rtg;Ggát; IH / IC / BH nig BC RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-3d. kmøaMg
kat; panel KW V = ∑ Fy = 40 − 10 − 20 = 10kN . eyIgman
FBH = 0
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 40 − 10 − 20 − FIC cos 45o = 0 FIC = 14.1kN (T )

+ ∑MB = 0 − 40(5) + 10(5) − 14.1sin 45 o (5) + FIH (5) = 0 FIH = 40kN (C )

+ ∑MI = 0 − 40(5) + 10(5) + FBC (5) = 0 FBC = 30kN (T )

BItMN B ¬rUbTI 7-3e¦
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 42.4 sin 45 o − FBI = 0 FBI = 30kN (C )

eKGackMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;déTeTotedaylkçN³sIuemRTI b:uEnþelIkElg FCH . BItMN C ¬rUbTI 7-

3f¦ eyIgman
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 2(14.1sin 45o ) − FCH = 0 FCH = 20kN (C )

&>#> kmøaMgbBaÄrenAelIeRKagsMNg; (Vertical loads on Building Frames)

CaerOy² eRKagGKarpSMeLIgedayrtEdltP¢ab;y:agrwgeTAnwgssr dUcenHeRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUl
manlT§PaBkan;EtRbesIrkñúgkarTb;Tl;nwg\T§iBlrbs;kmøaMgxagEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkxül; nigrBa¢ÜydI.
CaerOy²eKehArcnasm<½n§rwgEbbenHfa building bent dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-4.

enAkñúgkarGnuvtþ visVkreRKOgbgÁúMGaceRbIbec©keTsCaeRcInsRmab;GnuvtþkarviPaK building

bent edayviFIRbEhl. viFInImYy²KWQrelIkaryl;dwgBIrebobEdleRKOgbgÁúMeFVIkareRkamGMeBIrbs;

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -218

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

bnÞúk. bec©keTsmYyKitBicarNaEteTAelIGgát;mYyEdlmanTItaMgenAkñúgtMbn;mYyrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.
eKGacpþl;PaBdabdl;Ggát;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlrMxattictYcdl;Ggát;EdlenAeRkAtMbn;. b:uEnþ PaKeRcIneK
eRcInKitExSekagPaBdabrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUl. BIkarBicarNaenH eKGackMNt;cMNucrbt;Rbhak;
RbEhl ¬cMNucEdlGgát;bþÚrkMeNagrbs;va¦. eKGacBicarNacMNucenHCasnøak; edaysarvaman
m:Um:g;sUnüenAkñúgGgát; Rtg;cMNucrbt;enH. eyIgnwgeRbIKMnitenHedIm,IviPaKkmøaMgenAelIeRKagGKarEdl
bNþalBIbnÞúkbBaÄr ehIyenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 7-5 nig 7-6 manbgðajBIviFIviPaKRbEhlsRmab;eRKagEdl
rgkmøaMgTTwgG½kS ¬kmøaMgxag¦.
karsnμt;sRmab;karviPaKRbEhl³ eKmanrtKMrUEdlmanTItaMgenAkñúg building bent ehIyvargbnÞúk
bBaÄrBRgayesμI dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-5a. ssrTRmenARtg;cMNuc A nig B nwgGnuvtþkmøaMgRbtikmμ
cMnYnbIeTA elIrt dUcenHrtCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTI3 ¬RbtikmμcMnYn 6-smIkarlMnwgcMnYn
3¦. edIm,IeFVI[rtenHkøayCaeRKOgbgÁMúkMNt;edaysþaTic dUcenHkarviPaKRbEhlTamTarkarsnμt;cMnYn

bI. RbsinebIssrrwgxøaMg ¬minmanmMurgVilekItmanenARtg;cMNuc A nig B ehIyExSekagPaBdabsRmab;

rtman ragdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-5b. edayeRbIviFImYykñúgcMeNamviFIepSg²Edlerobrab;enAkñúgCMBUk
9 rhUt dl;CMBUk 11 karviPakCak;lak;bgðajfasRmab;krNIcMNucrbt;TaMgenH b¤cMNucm:Um:g;sUnü ekIt

manenARtg; 0.21L BITRmnImYy²rbs;va. b:uEnþRbsinebItMNssrenARtg;cMNuc A nig B manlkçN³

bt;Ebn enaHrtmanlkçN³dUcrtTRmsamBaØ enaHm:Um:g;sUnünwgekItenARtg;TRm ¬rUbTI 7-5c¦. b:uEnþ
enAkñúgPaBCak;Esþg ssrnwgpþl;nUvPaBbt;EbnxøHenARtg;TRm dUcenHeyIgsnμt;fam:Um:g;sUnüekItman
enARtg;cMNucmFümcenøaH EdnkMNt;TaMgBIr eBalKWenARtg; (0.21L + 0) / 2 ≈ 0.1L BITRmnImYy² ¬rUbTI
7-5d¦. elIsBIenH kar viPaKCak;lak;elIFñwmEdlTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgbBaÄrbgðajfaeKGacecalkmøaMg
tamG½kSEdlmanenAkñúgrt.
Cakarsegçb eKGaceFVIm:UEDlrtEdlmanRbEvg L CartTRmsamBaØEdlmanRbEvg 0.8L Edl
Qr elIcugrbs;Fñwmkugs‘ulBIrEdlmanRbEvg 0.1L ¬rUbTI 7-5e¦. karsnμt;TaMgbIxageRkamenHRtUv)an
eFVIeLIgsRmab;m:UEDleRKOgbgÁúMenH³
1> rtmanm:Um:g;Bt;esμIsUnüenAcm¶ay 0.1L BITRmxageqVg.
2> rtmanm:Um:g;Bt;esμIsUnüenAcm¶ay 0.1L BITRmxagsþaM.
3> rtminTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgtamG½kS
edayeRbIsmIkarsþaTic eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgkñúgrbs;rt ehIyeKGaceFVIkarsikSaKNnabzm
BImuxkat;rbs;va. ]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþCatémøelx.
Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -219
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 7-3³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN E nigtMN C EdlekItBIGgát; EF nig CD rbs; building

bent enAkñúgrUbTI 7-6a.
dMeNaHRsay³
sRmab;karviPaKRbEhl eKeFVIm:UEDleRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-6b. cMNaMfaElVgkugs‘ulEdlRT
cMENkkNþalrbs;rtmanRbEvg 0.1L = 0.1(5) = 0.5m . sßanPaBlMnwgTamTarkmøaMgRbtikmμenAxag
cugrtcMENkkNþalesμInwg 32kN ¬rUbTI 7-6c¦. bnÞab;mkElVgkugs‘ulrgm:Um:g;Rbtikmμ
M = 8(0.25) + 32(0.5) = 18kN .m
m:Um:g;RbEhlEdlmanTisedApÞúyKñamanGMeBIenARtg;tMN E nigtMN C ¬rUbTI 7-6a¦.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -220

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

&>$> Portal frames nig truss

eRKag³ CaerOy² eKeRbI portal frame sRmab;BIelIRckcUlrbs;s<an nigCaFatuEdlrwgmaMenAkñúgkar
sikSaKNnaGKaredIm,IepÞrkmøaMgtamTisedkEdlGnuvtþenAxagelIbMputrbs;eRKageTARKwH. sRmab;s<an
eRKag enHTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgEdlbNþalBIxül; rBa¢ÜydI nigbnÞúkcracrN_EdlKμantulüPaBenAelIkRmal
s<an. Portal frame CamanTRmsnøak; TRmbgáb; b¤RTedayTRmEdlmanPaBrwgmineBjelj. kar
viPaKRbEhl énkrNInImYy²nwgerobrab;sRmab; portal frame samBaØEdlmanGgát;bI.
eRKagEdlmanTRmsnøak;³ Portal frame KMrUEdlmanTRmsnøak;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-7a. eday
sarvamanGBaØatbYnenARtg;TRm EtvamansmIkarlMnwgEtbI dUcenHvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic
dWeRkTImYy. Cavi)ak eKRtUveFVIkarsnμt;cMnYnmYyedIm,IeFVI[eRKagenHkøayCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;eday
sþaTic.

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -221

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

PaBdabeGLasÞicrbs; portal frame RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-7b. düaRkamenHbgðajfa

cMNucrbt;Edlm:Um:g;bþÚrBIviC¢maneTAGviC¢manmanTItaMgenAEk,rcMNuckNþalrbs;rt ¬edaytémøRb
Ehl¦. edaysarm:Um:g;enAkñúgrtesμIsUnüenARtg;cMNucenH eyIgGacsnμt;famansnøak;enARtg;kEnøg
enaH ehIybnÞab;mkeyIgkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmedayeRbIsmIkarsþaTic. enAeBlEdleyIg
KNnarYcehIy eyIgeXIjfakmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk ¬kmøaMgkat;¦ enARtg;Kl;rbs;ssrnImYy²esμIKña
ehIyRbtikmμ déTeTotRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-7c. elIsBIenH düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagenH
RtUv)anbgðajenA kñúgrUbTI 7-7d.
eRKagEdlmanTRmsnøak;³ Portal frame KMrUEdlmanTRmbgáb;BIr ¬rUbTI 7-8a¦ CaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;
edaysþaTicbIdWeRk edaysarvamanGBaØatcMnYn6 enARtg;TRmrbs;va. RbsinebIGgát;bBaÄrmanRbEvg
nig RkLaépÞmuxkat;esμIKña enaHeRKagnwgxUcRTg;RTaydUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-8b. sRmab;krNIenH
eyIgnwg snμt;cMNucrbt;ekItmanenARtg;cMNuckNþalrbs;Ggát;TaMgbI dUcenHeyIgGacdak;snøak;enA
Rtg;cMNucTaMgenaH. dUcenHeKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm nigsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²
edaypþac;Ggát; TaMgenHecjBIeRKagenARtg;snøak; ehIyGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeTAelIEpñkTaMgbYnenaH.
lT§plRtUv)an bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-8c. cMNaMfa enAkñúgkrNI portal frame EdlP¢ab;edaysnøak;
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -222
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

kmøaMgRbtikmμtam Tisedk ¬kmøaMgkat;¦ enARtg;Kl;rbs;ssrnImYy²mantémøesμIKña. düaRkamm:Um:g;

Bt;sRmab;eRKagenH RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-8d.

eRKagEdlmanTRmmanPaBrwgmaMmineBjelj³ edaysareKBi)ak ehIycMNayfvikareRcInkñúgkarsag

sg;RKwH b¤TRmbgáb;sRmab; portal frame eKGacsnμt;[manmMurgViltictYcenARtg;TRm ¬rUbTI 7-9a¦.
CalT§pl cMNucrbt;enAelIssrsßitenAcenøaHkrNI portal frame EdlmanTRmsnøak; ¬rUbTI 7-7a¦
EdlcMNucrbt;rbs;vasßitenARtg;TRm ¬Kl;ssr¦ nigkrNI portal frame EdlmanTRmbgáb; ¬rUbTI 7-
8a¦ EdlcMNucrbt;sßitenARtg;cMNuckNþalrbs;ssr. visVkrCaeRcIn)ankMNt;TItaMgcMNucrbt;rbs;
portal frame EdlmanTRmmanPaBrwgmaMmineBjeljenARtg;cm¶ay h / 3 BIKl;ssr ¬rUbTI 7-9b¦

dUcenHeK RtUvdak;snøak;enARtg;cMNucenaH ehIysRmab;rtKWsßitenAkNþalElVg.

Truss³ enAeBleKeRbI portal frame sRmab;cm¶ayElVgEvg eKGaceRbI truss CMnYs[rt. eKeRbIrcna

sm<½n§EbbenHsRmab;s<anEdlmanElVgEvg² nigsRmab; bent TTwgénsalshkILa nigGKareragcRk.

]TahrN_KMrURtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-10a. enAkñúgkrNITaMgGs; eKsnμt;[ truss tP¢ab;eTAnwg

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -223

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

ssredaytMNsnøak;. elIsBIenH truss rkSassr[QrRtg;enAkñúgtMbn;EdltP¢ab; enAeBlEdl

portal truss rgnUv sidesway Δ ¬rUbTI 7-10b¦. Cavi)ak eyIgGacviPaK portal frame EdleRbI truss

edayeRbIkarsnμt;dUcKñanwgkarviPaK portal frame samBaØ. sRmab;ssrEdlmanTRmsnøak; snμt;

kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk ¬kmøaMgkat;¦ esμIKña dUcenAkñúgrUbTI 7-7c. sRmab;ssrEdlmanTRmbgáb;
snμt; kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedkesμIKña ehIycMNucrbt; ¬b¤snøak;¦ ekItmanenAelIssrnImYy² Edlsßit
enABak;kNþalssrcenøaHKl;ssreTAcMNucTabCageKéntMNrvagGgát; truss eTAnwgssr ¬emIlrUbTI
7-8c nig 7-10b¦.
]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIrebobkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;rbs; portal frame EdleRbI truss
edayeRbIviFIviPaKRbEhlEdl)anerobrab;xagelI.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -224

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 7-4³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN E nigtMN C EdlekItBIGgát; EF nig CD rbs; building

bent enAkñúgrUbTI 7-6a.

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -225

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dMeNaHRsay³
Ggát; truss B / C / F / G eFVIkarCaGgát;rwg. edaysarTRmrbs;vaCaTRmbgáb; enaHeKsnμt;facMNuc
rbt;sßitenARtg; 7m / 2 = 3.5m BIelIcMNuc A nig I ehIykmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk ¬b¤kmøaMgkat;¦eFVI
GMeBIenARtg;Kl;ssrmantémøesμIKña eBalKW ∑ Fx = 0 / V = 40kN / 2 = 20kN . CamYynwgkarsnμt;
TaMgenH eyIgGacpþac;eRKOgbgÁúMenARtg;snøak; J nig K ¬rUbTI 7-11b¦ ehIykMNt;RbtikmμenARtg;Kl;
ssrdUcxageRkam³
Bak;kNþalxageRkamrbs;ssr³
+ ∑MA = 0 M − 3.5(20 ) = 0 M = 70kN .m
EpñkxagelIrbs;ssr³
+ ∑MJ = 0 − 40(5.5) + N (8) = 0 N = 27.5kN
edayeRbIviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 7-11c¦ eyIgGacbnþkarviPaKedIm,ITTYl)ankmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; CD / BD
nig BH .
↑ + ∑ Fy = 0 − 27.5 + FBD sin 45 o = 0 FBD = 38.9(T )

+ ∑MB = 0 − 20(3.5) − 40(2 ) + FCD (2 ) = 0 FCD = 75kN (C )

+ ∑MD = 0 FBH (2 ) − 20(5.5) + 27.5(2 ) = 0 FBH = 27.5kN (T )

tamrebobdUcKña bgðajfaeKTTYllT§pldUcenAkñúgdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;ssr FGI enAkñúgrUbTI 7-
11d. edayeRbIlT§plenH eyIgGacrkkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss nImYy²rbs; portal truss eday
eRbIviFItMN.
tMN D rUbTI 7-11e
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 FDH sin 45 o − 38.9 sin 45 o = 0 FDH = 38.9kN (C )
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 ( )
75 − 2 38.9 cos 45 o − FDE = 0 FDE = 20kN (C )
tMN H rUbTI 7-11f
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 FHE sin 45 o − 38.9 sin 45 o = 0 FHE = 38.9kN (T )

lT§plTaMgenHRtUv)ansegçbenAkñúgrUbTI 7-11g.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -226

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

&>%> bnÞúkxagmanGMeBIelIeRKagsMNg;³ Portal method

(Lateral load on building frame: Portal method)
enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 7.4 manerobrab;BIGMeBIrbs;bnÞúkTTwgG½kS b¤kmøaMgxag (lateral load) enAelI
portal frame ehIyeyIgeXIjfaeRKagEdlmanTRmbgáb;mancMNucrbt;enAEk,rBak;kNþalkm<s;rbs;

ssr nigBak;kNþalrbs;FñwmnImYy² ehIyssrrgnUvkmøaMgkat;TTwgesμIKña ¬rUbTI 7-8¦. Building

bent xUc RTg;RTayRsedogKñanwg portal frame Edr ¬rUbTI 7-12a¦ dUcenHeKGacsnμt;facMNucrbt;

ekItmanenA Rtg;cMNuckNþalrbs;ssr nigFñwm. RbsinebIeyIgKitfa bent nImYy²rbs;eRKagpÁúMeLIg

eday portal Ca eRcIn ¬rUbTI 7-12b¦ enaHeKGacsnμt;bnþeTotfassrxagkñúgtMNag[ssrrbs;
portal frame cMnYnBIr dUcenHfaRtUvrgkmøaMgkat;TTwg V BIrdgénssrxageRkA.

Casegçb viFI portal sRmab;karviPaKeRKagGKarEdlmanTRmbgáb;TamTarkarsnμt;dUcxageRkam³

1> snøak;RtUv)andak;enARtg;cMNuckNþalrt edaysareKsnμt;cMNucenHCacMNucEdlmanm:Um:g;
sUnü.
2> snøak;RtUv)andak;enARtg;cMNuckNþalssrnImYy² edaysarvaCacMNucEdlmanm:Um:g;sUnü.
3> enARtg;nIv:UkRmal kmøaMgkat;enARtg;snøak;ssrxagkñμúgesμIwnwgBIrdgénsnøak;ssrxageRkA
edaysareKBicarNaeRKagCa portal RtYtelIKña.
karsnμt;TaMgenHpþl;nUvlT§PaBRKb;RKan;kñúgkareFVI[eRKagminkMNt;edaysþaTiceTACaeRKag
kMNt;edaysþaTicEdlmansßirPaBeRkamGMeBIénbnÞúk.
edayeRbobeFobCamYynwgkarviPaKeRKagminkMNt;edaysþaTicEdlmanlkçN³Cak;lak; viFI
portal manlkçN³saksmkñúgkareRbIR)as;sRmab;viPaKeRKagEdlmannIv:UTab nigmanElVgeRKagesμIKña.

mUlehtuénkarsnñidæanEbbenH)anBIskmμPaBrbs;rcnasm<½n§eRkamGMeBIrbs;bnÞúk. edIm,IeFVIkarbk
Rsay cUrBicarNaeRKagEdleFVIkardUcFñwmkugs‘ulEdlRtUv)anbgáb;eTAnwgdI. rMlwkBIemkanicénsmÖar³
Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -227
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

(mechanics of materials) eyIgeXIjfakñúgkarsikSaKNnaFñwmxøI lT§PaBTb;kmøaMgkat;mansar³sMxan;

Cag pÞúymkvijsRmab;karsikSaKNnaFñwmEvglT§PaBTb;nwgm:Um:g;Bt;mansar³sMxan;Cagvijmþg ¬emIl
kfaxNÐ 7.6¦. viFI portal QrelIkarsnμt;EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkmøaMgdUcEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúgcMNucTI3
xagelI.
]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIrebobénkarGnuvtþviFI portal eTAelIkarviPaK building bent.

]TahrN_ 7-5³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;Kl;ssrrbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-13a

edaytémøRbEhl. eRbIviFI portal sRmab;viPaKeRKagenH.

dMeNaHRsay³
edayGnuvtþkarsnμt;BIrdMbUgrbs;viFI portal, eyIgdak;snøak;enARtg;kNþalrt nigssrrbs;eRKag ¬rUbTI
7-13a¦. kat;eRKagtamssrRtg;snøak; I / J / K nig L eyIgnwg)andüaRkamGgÁesrIdUcbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 7-13b. enATIenH Gnuvtþkarsnμt;TIbIcMeBaHkmøaMgkat;enAelIssr. enaHeyIg)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 6 − 6V = 0 V = 1kN
edayeRbIlT§plenH eyIgGacbnþkarviPKedaybMEbkeRKagenARtg;snøak;TaMgGs; ehIyKNnakmøaMg
Rbtikmμrbs;va. tamc,ab;TUeTA eKRtUvcab;epþImkarviPaKenHenARtg;tMNcugxagelIeKEdlmanrgGMeBIén
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -228
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

kmøaMgtamTisedk. dUcenH düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat; IBM RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-13c. eK

kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμTaMgbI I y / M x nig M y enARtg;tMNedayeRbIsmIkar ∑ M M = 0 / ∑ Fx = 0
nig ∑ Fy = 0 erogKña. bnÞab;mk eKRtUveFVIkarviPaKkMNat;EdlenAEk,rKWkMNat; MJN ¬rUbTI 7-13d¦
ehIybnþedaykMNat; NKO ¬rUbTI 7-13e¦ ehIycugeRkayKWkMNat; OGL ¬rUbTI 7-13f¦. eday
eRbIlT§plTaMgenH düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;ssrCamYynwgkmøaMgRbtikmμTRmrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 7-13g.

]TahrN_ 7-6³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;Kl;ssrrbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-14a

edaytémøRbEhl. eRbIviFI portal sRmab;viPaKeRKagenH.

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -229

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dMeNaHRsay³
snøak;TImYyRtUv)andak;enARtg;cMNuckNþalrbs;rt nigssrrbs;eRKag ¬rUbTI 7-14a¦. eKkat;eRKag
enHtambøg;edkRtg;snøak; O / P / Q nig J / K / L enaHeyIgTTYl)andüaRkamGgÁesrIEdlbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 7-14b. eKKNnakmøaMgkat;rbs;ssrdUcxageRkam³
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 20 − 4V = 0 V = 5kN
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 20 + 30 − 4V ' = 0 V ' = 12.5kN
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eyIgGacbnþkarviPaKeTAelIEpñknImYy²rbs;eRKag. eKcab;epþImkarviPaK
CamYynwgkMNat;cugEKmxagelIEdlmanrgbnÞúktamTisedk OGR ¬rUbTI 7-14c¦. eKkMNt;GBaØat
O y / R x nig R y edayeRbIsmIkarlMnwg. CamYynwglT§plenH eKbnþkarviPaKeTAelIkMNat; OJM

¬rUbTI 7-14d¦ bnÞab;mkeTotkMNat; JA ¬rUbTI 7-14e¦ kMNat; RPS ¬rUbTI 7-14f¦ kMNat;
PMKN ¬rUbTI 7-14g¦ nigkMNat; KB ¬rUbTI 7-14h¦. ]TahrN_enHbBa©b;edaykarviPaKeTAelI

kMNat; SIQ bnÞab;mkeTAelIkMNat; QNL nigcugeRkay LC ehIyeyIgeXIjfa C x = 12.5kN /

C y = 15.625kN nig M C = 37.5kN .m .

&>^> bnÞúkxagmanGMeBIelIeRKagsMNg;³ Cantilever method

(Lateral load on building frame: Cantilever method)
viFI cantilever QrelIkareFVIkardUcFñwmkugs‘ulEdlrgkmøaMgTTwgG½kS. rMlwkBIemkanicén
smÖar³fabnÞúkbegáItkugRtaMgBt;enAkñúgFñwmEdlERbRbYlCalkçN³bnÞat;BIG½kSNWtrbs;Fñwm ¬rUbTI 7-
15a¦. tamrebobdUcKña bnÞúkxagEdlmanGMeBIelIeRKagcg;eFVI[eRKagRkLab; b¤eFVI[FñwmvilCMuvij
G½kSNWtEdlsßitenAkñúgbøg;edkEdlkat;tamssrenARtg;nIv:UkRmalnImYy². edIm,IRbqaMgnwgkar
RkLab;enH kmøaMg ¬b¤kugRtaMg¦tamG½kSenAkñúgssrCakmøaMgTajenAelIRCugmçagrbs;G½kSNWt ehIy
kmøaMgsgát;enAelIRCugmçageTot ¬rUbTI 7-15b¦. dUcKñanwgFñwmkugs‘ul eKGacsnμt;fakugRtaMgtamG½kS
ERbRbYlCalkçN³bnÞat;BITIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞssr b¤BIG½kSNWtrbs;ssr. dUcenHviFI cantilever
manlkçN³smRsb RbsinebIeRKagmankMNt;x<s; nigRsav b¤ssrmanRkLaépÞmuxkat;xusKña.
Cakarsegçb edIm,IeRbIviFI cantilever eKRtUvGnuvtþkarsnμt;xageRkameTAelIeRKagEdlmanTRm
bgáb;³
1> eKRtUvdak;snøak;enARtg;Bak;kNþalrtnImYy² edaysareKRtUvsnμt;vaCacMNucm:Um:g;sUnü.
2> eKRtUvdak;snøak;enARtg;Bak;kNþalssrnImYy² edaysareKRtUvsnμt;vaCacMNucm:Um:g;sUnü.
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -230
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

3> kugRtaMgtamG½kSenAkñúgssrRtUvsmamaRteTAnwgcm¶ayBITIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞrbs;ssr
enARtg;nIv:Urbs;kRmal. edaysarkugRtaMgesμInwgkmøaMgelIRkLaépÞ enaHsRmab;krNIBiess
Edl manssrmanRkLaépÞmuxkat;dUcKña kmøaMgenAkñúgssrRtUvsmamaRteTAnwgcm¶ayBITIRbCMu
Tm¶n;énRkLaépÞmuxkat;ssr.
karsnμt;TaMgbIenHeFVI[eRKagkøayCaeRKagEdlmansßirPaB nigkMNt;edaysþaTic. ]TahrN_xag
eRkambgðajBIrebobGnuvtþviFI cantilever kñúgkarviPaK building bent.

]TahrN_ 7-7³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;Kl;ssrrbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-16a

edaytémøRbEhl. eKsnμt;fassrmanmuxkat;esμIKña. eRbIviFI cantilever sRmab;viPaKeRKagenH.
dMeNaHRsay³
dMbUgeKdak;snøak;enARtg;Bak;kNþalkm<s;ssr nigBak;kNþalElVgrbs;rt. TItaMgrbs;cMNucTaMgenH
RtUv)anbgðajBIGkSr G rhUtdl;GkSr L ¬rUbTI 7-16a¦. eKGackMNt;TIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞssr
TaMgGs;edaykarGegát ¬rUbTI 7-16b¦ b¤edaykarviPaKxageRkam³
x A 0( A) + 6( A)
∑~
x= = = 3m
∑A A+ A
dUcenHkmøaMgtamG½kSenAkñúgssrnImYy²smamaRteTAnwgcm¶ayrbs;vaBIcMNucenH. dUcenH muxkat;tam
snøak; H nig K énCan;xagelIRtUv)anbgðajCadüaRkamGgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 7-16c. cMNaMfassrenA
xageqVgcMNucTIRbCMuTm¶n;rgkarTaj ÉssrmçageTotrgkarsgát;. karrgkmøaMgEbbenHmansar³sMxan;
Nas;kñúgkarTb;Tl;nwgkarRkLab;EdlbgáeLIgedaykmøaMg 30kN . edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;G½kSNWt
eyIg)an
Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -231
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viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -232

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

+ ∑M = 0 − 30(2 ) + 3H y + 3K y = 0

GBaØatGacTak;TgeTAnwgRtIekaNdUc ¬rUbTI 7-16c¦ Edl

Hy Ky
3
=
3
b¤ H y = K y
dUcenH H y = K y = 10kN

tamrebobKNnadUcKña edaykat;eRKagtamsnøak; G nig L ¬rUbTI 7-16d¦ eyIgman

+ ∑M = 0 − 30(6 ) − 15(2 ) + 3G y + 3L y = 0
Gy Ly
edaysar 3
=
3
b¤ Gy = Ly enaH
G y = L y = 35kN

eKGacviPaKkMNat;eRKagnImYy²edayeRbIlT§plxagelI. dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_ 7-5 nig 7-6/ eyIg

cab;epþImCamYynwgkMNat;eRKagcugxagelIeKbMputEdlrgbnÞúkxag eBalKWkMNat;eRKag HCI ¬rUbTI 7-
16a¦. edayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgTaMgbI ∑ M I = 0 / ∑ Fx = 0 / ∑ Fy = 0 eyIgnwgTTYl)anlT§pl
sRmab; H x / I x nig I y erogKña EdlbgðajenAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 7-16e. edayeRbIlT§-
pl TaMgenH eKGacviPaKkMNat;eRKag IDK ¬rUbTI 7-16f¦ EdlbnþedaykMNat;eRKag HJG ¬rUbTI
7-16g¦ bnÞab;mkviPaKkMNat;eRKag KJL ¬rUbTI 7-16h¦ nigcugeRkayviPaKkMNat;eRKagEpñkxag
eRkamrbs;ssr ¬rUbTI 7-16i nig 7-16j¦.

]TahrN_ 7-8³ bgðajBIrebobkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;Kl;ssrrbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

7-17a edaytémøRbEhl. ssrmanmuxkat;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7-17b. eRbIviFI cantilever
sRmab;viPaKeRKagenH.
dMeNaHRsay³
dMbUg eKsnμt;famansnøak;enARtg;kNþalElVgrbs;rt nigBak;kNþalkm<s;rbs;ssr ¬rUbTI 7-17a¦.
eKkMNt;TIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞmuxkat;ssrTaMgGs;BIrUbTI 7-17b dUcbgðaxageRkam³
x A 0(6250 ) + 6(5000 ) + 10.5(3750) + 18(6250)
∑~
x= = = 8.559m
∑A 6250 + 5000 + 3750 + 6250
enATIenH ssrmanmuxkat;xusKña dUcenHkugRtaMgtamG½kSenAkñúgssrRtUvsmamaRteTAnwgcm¶ayrbs;va
BIG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;EdlmanTItaMgenARtg; x = 8.56m . dUcenH edaykat;eRKagtambøg;Rtg;snøak; L / M /
N / O eKTTYl)andüaRkamGgÁesrIdUcbgðajenAkññúgrUbTI 7-17c. cMNaMfassrenAxageqVgG½kSTIRbCMu

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -233

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Tm¶n;rgkugRtaMgTaj ehIyssrEdlenAxagsþaMrgkugRtaMgsgát;. ehtuGVI? edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;

G½kSNWteyIg)an
+ ∑M = 0 − 36(1.8) + L y (8.56 ) + M y (2.56 ) + N y (1.94 ) + O y (9.44 ) = 0 (1)

edaysarssrnImYy²mankugRtaMg σ smamaRteTAnwgcm¶ayBIG½kSNWt eyIgGaceFVITMnak;TMng

kugRtaMgssredayRtIekaNdUc. edaysMEdgTMnak;TMngTaMgenHeTAnwgkmøaMg L y eyIg)an
2.56 My 2.56 ⎛ L y ⎞
σM = σL = ⎜ ⎟ M y = 0.239 L y (2)
8.56 5000 8.56 ⎜⎝ 6250 ⎟⎠
1.94 Ny 1.94 ⎛ L y ⎞
σN = σL = ⎜ ⎟ N y = 0.136 L y (3)
8.56 3750 8.56 ⎜⎝ 6250 ⎟⎠
9.44 Oy 9.44 ⎛ L y ⎞
σO = σL = ⎜ ⎟ O y = 1.103L y (4)
8.56 6250 8.56 ⎜⎝ 6250 ⎟⎠

edayedaHRsaysmIkar (1)-(4) eyIg)an

L y = 3.26kN M y = 0.78kN N y = 0.44kN O y = 3.60kN

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayviFIRbEhl T.Chhay -234

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

edayeRbIviFIdUcKña bgðajfaeKGacTTYl)anlT§plenAkñúgrUbTI 7-17d sRmab;ssrenARtg;snøak; E /

F / G nig H .

eyIgGacbnþkarviPaKkMNat;eRKagnImYy². dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_elIkmun eyIgcab;epþImCamYynwg

kMNat;eRKagcugxagelIeKKWkMNat;eRKag LP ¬rUbTI 7-17e¦. edayeRbIlT§plEdl)anKNna eKGac
viPaKkMNat;eRKag LEI ¬rUbTI 7-17f¦ EdlbnþedaykMNat;eRKag EA ¬rUbTI 7-17g¦. eKGacbnþ
karviPaKkMNat;eRKagdéTeTottamlMdab;lMeday eBalKW PQM bnÞab;mk MJFI bnÞab;mk FB nigbnþ
bnÞab;.

Approximate analysis of statically indeterminate structures T.Chhay -235

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cMeNaT
7>1> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss
¬edaytémøRbEhl¦. snμt;Ggát;Ggát;RTUgGac
Tb;Tl;TaMgkmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgsgát;.

7>6> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss

éncMeNaT 7>5> ¬edaytémøRbEhl¦. snμt;
Ggát;Ggát;RTUgminGacTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgTajeT.
7>7> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss
7>2> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss ¬edaytémøRbEhl¦. snμt;Ggát;Ggát;RTUgGac
éncMeNaT 7>1> ¬edaytémøRbEhl¦. snμt; Tb;Tl;TaMgkmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;.
Ggát;Ggát;RTUgminGacTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgTajeT.
7>3> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss
¬edaytémøRbEhl¦. snμt;Ggát;Ggát;RTUgGac
Tb;Tl;TaMgkmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;.

7>8> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;edaytémøRbEhlenARtg;
cMNuc F nig D rbs;eRKag.

7>4> edaHRsaycMeNaT 7>3 edaysnμt;faGgát;

Ggát;RTUgminGacTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgsgát;eT.
7>5> kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss
¬edaytémøRbEhl¦. snμt;Ggát;Ggát;RTUgGac
Tb;Tl;TaMgkmøaMgTaj b¤kmøaMgsgát;.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -236

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

7>9> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;edaytémøRbEhlenARtg;
tMN E nig C EdlekItBIGgát; EF nig CD erog
Kña.

7>12> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt; nigkmøaMgkat;edaytémø

RbEhlenARtg;xagcugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;
portal frame. snμt;faTRmenARtg; A nig D

CaTRm bgáb;mineBjelj ehtudUcenHcMNucrbt;

7>10> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenARtg; A / B manTItaMg enAcm¶ay h / 3 BIKl;rbs;ssr
nig C rbs;eRKag. nImYy².

7>11> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;edaytémøRbEhlenARtg;
tMN I nig L . ehIy kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; 7>13> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;edaytémøRbEhlenARtg;
tMN H EdlbNþalmkBIGgát; HG . tMN D nig C . snμt;TRmenARtg; A nig D
CaTRm snøak;.
Problems T.Chhay -237
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

nig DH . snμt;fatMNTaMgGs;CatMNsnøak;.
ehIycUrkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;BRgwg CF .

7>16> edaHRsaycMeNaT 7>15 RbsinebIeK

7>14> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt; nigkmøaMgkat;edaytémø CMnYsTRm A nigTRm B BITRmbgáb;mkCaTRm
RbEhlenARtg;xagcugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²rbs; snøak;.
portal frame. snμt;faTRmenARtg; A nig D Ca 7>17> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edaytémøRbEhl
(a) TRmsnøak; (b) TRmbgáb; nig (c) TRmbgáb; sRmab;ssr ACE rbs; portal frame. snμt;
mineBj eljEdleFVI[cMNucrbt;rbs;vasßitenA faGgát;rbs; truss TaMgGs;tP¢ab;eTAnwgssr
cm¶ay h / 3 = 2m BIcMNuc A nig D . edaytMNsnøak;enAxagcugrbs;va. ehIycUr
kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; EG / CG nig EF .

7>18> edaHRsaycMeNaT 7>17 RbsinebIeK

7>15> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edaytémøRbEhl
CMnYsTRm A nigTRm B BITRmbgáb;mkCaTRm
sRmab;ssr ACE rbs; portal frame Edlsg;
snøak;.
edayeRbIrtrwgCamYynwgGgát;BRgwg CF
cMeNaT T.Chhay -238
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

7>19> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss nImYy² 7>21> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss nImYy²

rbs; portal frame. ehIycUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbti- rbs; portal frame. ehIycUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbti-
kmμTRmenARtg;TRmbgáb; A nig B . snμt;fa kmμTRmenARtg;TRmsnøak; A nig B . snμt;fa
Ggát;rbs; truss TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMN Ggát;rbs; truss TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMN
snøak;. snøak;.

7>20> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss nImYy²

rbs; portal frame. ehIycUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbti-
kmμTRmenARtg;TRmbgáb; A nig B . snμt;fa 7>22> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss nImYy²
Ggát;rbs; truss TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMN rbs; portal frame. snμt;faGgát; rbs; truss
snøak;. TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMNsnøak; ehIyTRm A
nig B CaTRmbgáb;.

7>23> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss nImYy²

rbs; portal frame. ehIycUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbti-
Problems T.Chhay -239
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

kmμTRmenARtg;TRmbgáb; A nig B . snμt;fa 7>27> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edaytémøRbEhl

Ggát;rbs; truss TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMN sRmab;rt IJKL rbs;eRKagGKaredayeRbI portal
snøak;. method.

7>28> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edaytémøRbEhl
sRmab;rt IJKL rbs;eRKagGKarxagelIedayeRbI
cantilever method. ssrTaMgGs;manmuxkat;
7>24> eRbI portal method cUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbti-
kmμTRmenARtg;TRmbgáb; A / B / C / D nig E dUcKña.
rbs;eRKag edaytémøRbEhl. 7>29> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edaytémøRbEhl
sRmab;rt IJKL rbs;eRKagGKaredayeRbI portal
method.

7>25> eRbI portal method cUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbti-

kmμTRmenARtg;TRmbgáb; A / B / C nig D rbs;
eRKag edaytémøRbEhl.

7>30> edaHRsaycMeNaT 7>29 edayeRbI

cantilever method. ssrnImYy²manmuxkat;

dUcbgðaj.
7>26> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;edaytémøRbEhl
sRmab;rt EFGH rbs; portal frame xagelI
edayeRbI portal method.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -240
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

7>31> eRbI portal method cUrkMNt;kmøaMgtam

G½kS kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; A eday
témøRbEhl.

7>32> edaHRsaycMeNaT 7>31 edayeRbI

cantilever method. ssrnImYy²manmuxkat;

dUcbgðaj.
KMerag 7>1> Building bent EdlbgðajenAkñúg
rUbmanKMlat 3m BIKña ehIyRtUv)ansnμt;favaman
TRmsnøak;TaMgGs;. eRbIm:UEDldUcbgðaj cUr
kMNt;bnÞúkxül;EdlmanGMeBIelI bent. cMNaMfa
bnÞúk xül;RtUv)anepÞrBICBa¢aMgeTA purlin TaMgbYn
ehIy bnÞab;mkvaRtUv)anepÞreTAssrEpñkxag
sþaM. edayeRbIkarviPaKRbEhl cUrkMNt;bnÞúk
tamG½kSGtibrma nigm:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaenAkñúg
ssr AB . snμt;fassr nigGgát;BRgwgRtUv)an
tP¢ab; edaytMNsnøak;enAxagcugrbs;va.
GKarenHsßit enAelITIvalrabesμIenAkñúgrdæ New
orleans, Louisiana Edlman V = 56m / s nig

yk I = 0.87 .

Problems T.Chhay -241

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

*> PaBdab
(Deflection)

CMBUkenHnwgbgðajBIrebobkMNt;PaBdabeGLasÞicrbs;FñwmedayeRbIviFIGaMgetRkalDub nigviFI
FrNImaRty:agsMxan;cMnYnBIrKW RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g; (moment-area method) nigviFI conjugate beam.
eKeRbIviFIGaMgetRkalDubedIm,ITTYl)ansmIkarEdlkMNt;CMral b¤mMurgVil (slope) nigExSekageGLasÞic.
viFIFrNImaRtpþl;nUvmeFüa)ayedIm,ITTYlmMurgVil nigPaBdabenARtg;cMNucCak;lak;NamYyenAelIFñwm.
viFITaMgenHmanKuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþrbs;va EdlRtUv)anerobrab;enAeBlENnaMBIviFInImYy².

*>!> düaRkamPaBdab nigExSekageGLasÞic

(Deflection diagram and the elastic curve)
PaBdabrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMGacekItBIktþaepSg²CaeRcIndUcCa
bnÞúk sItuNðPaB kMhuskñúgkarplit b¤sRmut. enAkñúgkarsikSa
KNna eKRtUvkMritEdnkMNt;[PaBdabedIm,IkarBarsñameRbHEdl
GacekItmanelIsmÖar³EdlmanlkçN³RsYydUcCaebtug b¤kMe)ar
bUk. elIsBIenH eRKOgbgÁúMminRtUvj½r b¤dabxøaMgeT edIm,Ibgðaj
suvtßiPaBdl;GñkEdleRbIR)as;GKarenaH. eTaHbICay:agNak¾
eday enAeBlEdleKviPaKrcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic eK
RtUvkMNt;PaBdabRtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIeRKOgbgÁúM.
PaBdabEdlBicarNaenAkñúgesovePAenHGnuvtþEteTA
elIrcnasm<½n§EdlmansmÖar³CaeGLasÞic (linear elastic
material). eRkamlkçxNÐenH eRKagbgÁúMEdlrgbnÞúknwgRtLb;

eTArksßanPaBedImvij eRkayeBlEdleKdkbnÞúkecjmkvij.
PaBdabrbs;rcnasm<½n§RtUv)anbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkxagkñúgrbs;va
dUcCakmøaMgEkg (normal force), kmøaMgkat; (shear force) b¤
m:Um:g;Bt; (bending moment). b:uEnþ sRmab;Fñwm nigeRKag PaB
dabFMbMputRtUv)anbgáeLIgedaym:Um:g;Bt; b:uEnþkmøaMgtamG½kS eFVI
[manPaBdabrbs; truss.

PaBdab T.Chhay -242

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

munnwgKNnamMurgVil b¤PaBdabrbs;cMNucenAelIFñwm b¤eRKag eKKYrKUrragrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlrg

bnÞúk eRBaHvaCaEpñkmYyEdlCYyeyIgkñúgkarBinitülT§plEdl)anKNna. düaRkamPaBdabenHtMNag
[ExSekageGLasÞicsRmab;cMNucenARtg;TIRbCMuTm¶n;énRkLaépÞmuxkat;tambeNþayGgát;nImYy².
sRmab;cMeNaTPaKeRcIn eKminBi)akkñúgkarKUrExSekageGLasÞicenHeT. b:uEnþ enAeBlKUrExSekageGLa-
sÞic eKcM)ac;RtUvdwgBIlkçxNÐénkarekItmanmMurgVil nigPaBdabenARtg;TRm b¤enARtg;tMN. eyagtam
taragTI 8-1 TRmEdlTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgdUcCa TRmsnøak;minGnuBaØat[manbMlas;TIenARtg;TRmeT ehIy
TRmEdlTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g; dUcCaTRmbgáb; minGnuBaØat[manmMurgVileT. cMNaMfa PaBdabénGgát;rbs;
eRKOgbgÁúMEdlmantMNbgÁb; (4) eFVI[Ggát;enARtg;tMNenaHmanmMurgVilesμIKña. mü:agvijeTot RbsinebI
vatP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak; (5) mMurgVilrbs;Ggát;Rtg;tMNenaHnwgmantémøxusKña edaysartMNsnøak; min
GacTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;eT.

RbsinebIeKBi)aksg;ExSekageGLasÞic dMbUgeKesñI[sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Fñwm nig

eRKag. edayeRbIkarkMNt;sBaØasRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;Edl)anbegáIteLIgenAkñúgCMBUkTI 4 m:Um:g;Bt;viC¢mancg;
eFVI[Fñwm b¤Ggát;edkpt ¬rUbTI 8-1¦. dUcKña m:Um:g;Bt;GviC¢mancg;eFVI[Fñwm b¤Ggát;edke)a:g ¬rUbTI 8-
2¦ dUcenH RbsinebIeKsÁal;düaRkamm:Um:g;eKGacsg;ExSekageGLasÞicedaygay. ]TahrN_ eKman
FñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-3 CamYynwgdüaRkamm:Um:g;rbs;va. edaysarTRmsnøak; nigTRmkl;
bMlas;TIenARtg;TRm A nigTRm D RtUvesμInwgsUnü. enAkñúgtMbn;m:Um:g;GviC¢man ExSekageGLasÞicnwg
e)a:g ehIyenAkñúgtMbn;m:Um:g;viC¢man ExSekageGLasÞicnwgpt. vaRtUvmancMNucrbt;enARtg;cMNucEdl
ExSekagbþÚr PaBekag edaysarRtg;cMNucenHCacMNucm:Um:g;sUnü. edayeRbIeKalkarN_dUcKña cMNaMBI
rebobKUrExSekag eGLasÞicsRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 8-4 EdlQrelIdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;rbs;va. ]Ta-
hrN_xageRkambgðajBI rebobKUrExSekagPaBdabsRmab;Fñwm nigsRmab;eRKagedayeRbIeKalkarN_
TaMgenH.

Deflection T.Chhay -243

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]TahrN_ 8-1³ sg;rUbragdabrbs;FñwmnImYy²EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-5.

PaBdab T.Chhay -244

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
enAkñúgrUbTI 8-5a TRmkl;enARtg;cMNuc A GnuBaØat[manmMurgVilEdlminGnuBaØat[manPaBdabeT
xN³EdlTRmbgáb;enARtg; B Tb;min[manTaMgmMurgVilTaMgPaBdab. rUbragdabRtUv)anbgðajedayExS
dit. enAkñúgrUbTI 8-5b minGacmanmMurgVil nigPaBdabekItmanenARtg;TRm A nig B eT. enAkñúgrUbTI
8-5c m:Um:g;nwgeFVI[cugTMenr A vil. m:Um:g;enHnwgeFVI[cugsgçagrbs;FñwmbMlas;TI EtenARtg;TRm B nig
C minmanPaBdabeT. cMNaMfa kMNat;Ggát; CD enArkSaragminxUcRTg;RTay ¬bnÞat;Rtg;¦ edaysar

KμankmøaMgxagkñúgGnuvtþeTAelIva. enAkñúgrUbTI 8-5d snøak;enARtg;cMNuc B GnuBaØat[mankarvileday

esrI ehIymMurgVilrbs;ExSekagPaBdabnwgbþÚry:agelOnenARtg;cMNucenH xN³EdlFñwmRtUv)anTb;eday
TRmrbs;va. enAkñúgrUbTI 8-5e FñwmpSMdabdUcbgðaj. mMurgVilbþÚry:agxøaMgenAsgçagsnøak;Rtg;cMNuc B .
cugeRkay sRmab;rUbTI 8-5f ElVg BC nwgdabedayptedaysarbnÞúk. edaysarvaCaFñwmCab; ElVgcug
nwgdabedaye)a:g.

]TahrN_ 8-2³ sg;rUbragdabrbs;eRKagnImYy²EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-6.

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dMeNaHRsay³
enAkñúgrUbTI 8-6a enAeBlbnÞúk P rujtMN B nigtMN C eTAsþaM vanwgeFVI[ssrnImYy²vilRsbRTnic
naLika. CalT§pl tMN B nigtMN C RtUvEtvilRsbRTnicnaLika. edaysarGgát;RtUvrkSamMurbs;tMN
EdlmanTMhM 90o dUcenHFñwmnwgxUcRTg;RTajdUcbgðajedaykMeNagrbs;vapøas;bþÚrBIpteTAe)a:g. cMNaM
fakarpøas;bþÚkMeNagEbbenHeFVI[ekItmancMNucrbt;enAkñúgFñwm. enAkñúgrUbTI 8-6b bnÞúk P eFVI[tMN
A / B nig C pøas;TIeTAsþaM EdleFVI[ssrnImYy²ekagdUcbgðaj. tMNbgáb;RtUvEtrkSamMuEkg rbs;va

dUcenHGgát; BC nig CD RtUvEtpøas;bþÚrPaBekagedaymancMNucrbt;enAEk,rkNþalGgát;. enAkñúgrUbTI

8-6c bnÞúkbBaÄrEdlmanGMeBIenAelIeRKagsIuemRTInwgeFVI[Fñwm CD pt EdleFVI[tMN C vilRsbRTnic
naLika ehIyeFVI[tMN D vilRcasRTnicnaLika. edaysarvaRtUvrkSamMuEkgrbs;va[enAdEdl enaH
ssrRtUvekagdUcbgðaj. dUcenHGgát; BC nig DE RtUvEte)a:g EdleFVI[tMN B vilRcasRTnicnaLika
ehIytMN E vilRsbRTnicnaLika. cugeRkay enAkñúgrUbTI 8-6d bnÞúk P ruj tMN B nigtMN C eTAsþaM
EdleFVI[ssrekagdUcbgðaj. tMNbgáb;Rtg; B RtUvrkSamMuEkgrbs;va b:uEnþvaminmankarTb;kñúgkarvil
rvagGgát;EdltP¢ab;enARtg;cMNuc C eT edaysartMN C CatMNsnøak;. Cavi)ak manEtFñwm CD minman
karpøas;bþÚrkMeNag.

*>@> RTwsþIFñwmeGLasÞic (Elastic-curve theory)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgbegáItsmIkard¾sMxan;cMnnY BIredayP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúg
FñwmeTAnwgbMlas;TI nigmMurgVilénExSekageGLasÞicrbs;va. smIkarTaMgenHbegáItCaeKalkarN_sRmab;
viFIKNnaPaBdabEdlerobrab;enAkñúgCMBUkenH ehIysRmab;mUlehtuenH eKRtUvyl;BIkarsnμt; nigEdn
kMNt; EdleRbIenAkñúgkarbegáItviFIenH[)anc,as;.
edIm,IbegáItTMnak;TMngenH eyIgnwgkMritkarviPaK[enAkñúgkrNITUeTAbMputEdlFñwmxUcRTg;RTay
edaybnÞúkmanGMeBIEkgeTAnwgG½kS x rbs;Fñwm ehIyvasßitenAkñúgbøg; x −ν müa:geTotmuxkat;rbs;Fñwm
manlkçN³sIuemRTI ¬rUbTI 8-7a¦. edaysarbnÞúk kMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;FñwmnwgekIteLIgedaysarkmøaMg
kat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;. RbsinebIFñwmmanRbEvgFMCagkm<s;rbs;vaxøaMgenaH kMhUcRTg;RTajEdlFMCageKnwg
bgáeLIgedaym:Um:g;Bt; dUcenHeyIgnwgykcitþTukdak;EteTAnwg\T§iBlrbs;m:Um:g;Bt;b:ueNÑaHsRmab;Fñwm
enAeBlenH. PaBdabEdlbgáedaykmøaMgkat;nwgRtUv)anerobrab;enAeBleRkayenAkñúgemeronenH.
enAeBlm:Um:g;Bt; M eFVI[FatuénFñwmxUcRTg;RTay mMurvagmuxkat;køayCa dθ ¬rUbTI 8-7b¦. Rb
EvgFñÚ dx EdltMNag[cMENkrbs;ExSekageGLasÞicRbsBVCamYynwgG½kSNWtsRmab;muxkat;nImYy².
PaBdab T.Chhay -246
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

eKkMNt;kaMkMeNagsRmab;FñÚenHedaycm¶ay ρ EdlRtUv)anvas;BIp©iténkMeNag O' eTA dx . FñÚenAelI

Ggát;eRkABI dx rgnUvbERmbRmYlrageFobEkg (normal strain). Ca]TahrN_ bERmbRmYlrageFobenA
kñúgkMNat;FñÚ ds ¬EdlsßitenAcm¶ay y BIG½kSNWt¦ KW ε = (ds'−ds ) / ds . b:uEnþ ds = dx = ρdθ ehIy
ds ' = (ρ − y )dθ dUcenH

ε=
(ρ − y )dθ − ρdθ b¤ 1
=−
ε
ρdθ ρ y
RbsinebIvaCasmÖar³sac;mYy (homogeneous) ehIyeFVIkarCalkçN³eGLasÞic enaHeKGacGnuvtþc,ab;
h‘Uk (Hooke’s law) ε = σ / E . ehIymüa:geTot eKmansmIkarkugRtaMgm:Um:g;Bt; σ = −My / I .
edaypSMsmIkarTaMgenH ehIyCMnYsvaeTAkñúgsmIkarxagelI eyIg)an
1 M
= (8-1)
ρ EI
Edl kaMrbs;kMeNagenARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIExSekageGLasÞic ¬eKehA1 / ρ CakMeNag¦
ρ=
M = m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmenARtg;cMNucEdleKRtUvkarkMNt; ρ

E = m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;smÖar³

I = m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;FñwmEdlKNnaeFobG½kSNWt.

plKuN EI enAkñúgsmIkar 8-1 eK[eQμaHfaPaBrwgTb;nwgkarBt;begáag (flexural rigidity)

ehIyvamantémøviC¢manCaTUeTA. edaysar dx = ρdθ enaHBIsmIkar 8-1
M
dθ = dx (8-2)
EI
RbsinebIeyIgeRCIserIsG½kS v viC¢manenAeBlvamanTisedAeLIgelI ¬rUbTI 8-7a¦ ehIyRbsin
ebIeyIgsresrsmIkarkMeNag1 / ρ CaGnuKmn_én x nig v enaHeyIgGackMNt;ExSekageGLasÞicsRmab;
Fñwm. enAkñúgesovePA calculus PaKeRcInbgðajfa
1 d 2ν / dx 2
=
ρ [1 + (dν / dx) ]
2 3/ 2

d 2ν / dx 2
dUcenH M
=
[ ]
(8-3)
EI 1 + (dν / dx )2 3/ 2

smIkar 8-3 CasmIkarDIepr:g;Esül nonlinear dWeRkTIBIr. dMeNaHRsayrbs;va ν = f (x ) [nUvrag

BitR)akdénExSekageGLasÞic ¬edaysnμt;fa PaBdabrbs;FñwmekIteLIgedaysarEtm:Um:g;Bt;b:ueNÑaH¦.
edIm,IsMrYlkñúgkaredaHRsaynUvcMeNaTy:ageRcIn eKsMrYlsmIkar 8-3 [manlkçN³gayRsYl. eday
sarmMurgVilrbs;ExSekageGLasÞicsRmab;rcnasm<½n§PaKeRcInmantémøtUcEmnETn eyIgnwgeRbIRTwsþIPaB

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dabtUc (small deflection theory) ehIysnμt;fa dv / dx ≈ 0 . Cavi)ak kaeréntémø dv / dx Gacecal

)anRbsinebIeRbobeFobnwgtémøÉktþa dUcenHsmIkar 8-3 kat;bnßymkRtwm
d 2v M
2
= (8-4)
dx EI
edaysarkarsnμt; dv / dx ≈ 0 enaHRbEvgedImrbs;G½kSFñwm x nigkMNat;FñÚrbs;ExSekageGLasÞicnwg
manRbEvgRbEhlKña. eyIgGacniyaymüa:geTotfa ds enAkñúgrUbTI 8-7b manRbEvgRbEhlnwg dx
ds = dx 2 + dν 2 = 1 + (dν / dx )2 dx ≈ dx
lT§plenHbgðajfacMNucenAelIExSekagmanbMlas;TIEttamTisQr nigmanbMlas;TItamTisedkeT.

*>#> viFIGaMgetRkalDub (The double integration method)

enAeBlEdleKKNnasmIkarm:Um:g:Bt; M CaGnuKmn_énTItaMg x enaHGaMgetRkalbnþbnÞab;én
smIkar 8-4 pþl;nUvPaBdabrbs;Fñwm θ ≈ tan θ = dν / dx = ∫ (M / EI )dx ¬smIkar 8-2¦ ehIysmIkar
rbs;ExSekageGLasÞicν = f (x) = ∫∫ (M / EI )dx erogKña. sRmab;kareFVIGaMgetRkalnImYy² eKcaM)ac;
RtUvbBa©Úl “témøefrrbs;GaMgetRkal” ehIybnÞab;mkedaHRsayrktémøefrenaHedIm,ITTYl)andMeNaH
Rsay. BIkfaxNÐ 4-2 RbsinebIbnÞúkenAelIFñwmminEmnCaGnuKmn_Cab; ¬vamanes‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc nig
bnÞúkBRgay¦ enaHeKRtUvsresrsmIkarGnuKmn_m:Um:g;Bt;CaeRcIn EdlsmIkarnImYy²mann½yEtenAkñúg
tMbn;EdlsßitenAcenøaHPaBdac;. Ca]TahrN_ eKmanFñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-8. eKRtUvsresr
smIkarGnuKmn_m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgtMbn; AB / BC nig CD CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgGab;sIus x1 / x2 nig x3 . enA
eBleKeFVIGaMgetRkalGnuKmn_TaMgenHtamkarGnuvtþénsmIkar 8-4 CamYynwgkarkMNt;témøefrrbs;
PaBdab T.Chhay -248
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

GaMgetRkal GnuKmn_nwg[nUvmMurgVil nigPaBdab ¬ExSekageGLasÞic¦ sRmab;tMbn;nImYy²rbs;Fñwm.

karkMNt;sBaØa³ enAeBlGnuvtþsmIkar 8-4 eKcaM)ac;RtUveRbIsBaØad¾RtwmRtUvsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt; M Edl)an

begáItedaykarkMNt;sBaØaEdleRbIenAkñúgkarbMEbksmIkarenH ¬rUbTI 8-9a¦. elIsBIenH rMlwkfaPaB
dabν viC¢man manTisedAeLIgelI ehIyCalT§pl mMurgVilθ viC¢manRtUv)anvas;edayRcasRTnicnaLika
BIG½kS x . ehtuplsRmab;karkMNt;sBaØaenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-9b. enATIenH kMeNIn dx nig
dν enAelIG½kS x nigν mantémøviC¢man eFVI[kMeNIn dθ vilRcasRTnicnaLika. ehIyedaysarEtmMu

rgVil θ mantémøtUc enaHeKGackMNt;témørbs;vaEdlKitCara:düg;edaypÞal;BI θ ≈ tan θ = dν / dx .

lkçxNÐCab; niglkçxNÐRBMEdn (boundary and continuity condition)³ eKkMNt;témørbs;GaMget-
RkaledaykMNt;GnuKmn_sRmab;mMurgVil nigGnuKmn_sRmab;bMlas;TIenARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIFñwm
EdleK Gacdwgtémørbs;GnuKmn_. témøTaMgenHRtUv)aneKehAfalkçxNÐRBMEdn. Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebI
FñwmRtUv)anRTedayTRmkl; b¤TRmsnøak; enaHeKTamTar[bMlas;TIrbs;vaesμIsUnüenARtg;cMNucenaH.
ehIy enARtg;TRmbgáb; TaMgmMurgVil nigbMlas;TIesμInwgsUnü.
RbsinebIeKminGaceRbIEtkUGredaen x edIm,IedaHRsaysmIkarsRmab;mMurgVilrbs;Fñwm b¤ExSekag
eGLasÞic enaHeKRtUveRbIlkçxNÐCab;edIm,IkMNt;témøefrrbs;GaMgetRkalxøH. BicarNaFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI
8-10. enATIenH kUGredaen x1 nig x2 mann½yEtenAkñúgtMbn; AB nig BC erogKña. enAeBleKTTYl)an
GnuKmn_sRmab;mMurgVil nigGnuKmn_sRmab;PaBdabenARtg;cMNuc B ¬ x1 = x2 = a ¦ dUcenHExSekageG
LasÞicmanlkçN³Cab;enARtg;cMNucenH. edayKittamn½yKNitviTüa vaTamTar[ θ1 (a ) = θ 2 (a )
ehIy ν 1 (a ) = ν 2 (a ) . eKGaceRbIsmIkarTaMgenHsRmab;kMNt;témøefrrbs;GaMgetRkalcMnYnBIr.

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dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIsRmab;kMNt;mMurgVil nigPaBdabrbs;FñwmedayeRbIviFIGaMgetRkal
Dub. eKKYrdwgfaviFIenHsaksmsRmab;EtPaBdabeGLasÞicsRmab;FñwmEdlmanmMurgViltUcb:ueNÑaH.
elIsBIenH viFIenHBicarNaEtPaBdabEdlbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt;b:ueNÑaH. PaBdabbEnßmEdlbNþalBIkmøaMg
kat;CaTUeTAesμInwgBIr b¤bIPaBryénPaBdabedaym:Um:g;Bt;b:ueNÑaH dUcenHCaFmμtavaRtUv)aneKecal
sRmab;karGnuvtþ.
ExSekageGLasÞic
 sg;KMehIjénExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm. rMlwkfacMNucénmMurgVil nigPaBdabsUnüekItmanenA
Rtg;TRmbgáb; ehIyPaBdabsUnüekItmanenARtg;TRmkl; nigTRmsnøak;.
 sg;G½kSkUGredaen x nig v . G½kS x RtUvEtRsbeTAnwgG½kSFñwmEdlminTan;xUcRTg;RTay ehIy
Kl;rbs;vaenAEpñkxageqVgrbs;Fñwm EdlTisedATissþaMCaTisedAviC¢man.
 RbsinebImanbnÞúkEdlmanCab;eRcIn eKRtUvbegáItkUGredaen x Edlmann½ysRmab;tMbn;nImYy²
rbs;FñwmrvagPaBminCab;enaH.
 enARKb;krNITaMgGs; G½kSν mantémøviC¢manenAeBlEdlvamanTisedAeLIgelI
GnuKmn_bnÞúk b¤GnuKmn_m:Um:g;Bt;
 sRmab;tMbn;nImYy²EdlenAkñúgenaHmankUGredaen x eKRtUvsresrsmIkarm:Um:g;Bt; M Ca
GnuKmn_én x .
 eKEtgEtsnμt;fam:Um:g;Bt; M eFVIGMeBIkñúgTisedAviC¢manenAeBlEdlGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgedIm,I
kMNt; M = f (x ) .
mMurgVil nigExSekageGLasÞic
 eday EI Catémøefr GnuvtþsmIkarm:Um:g; EId 2ν / dx 2 = M (x ) EdlTamTarGaMgetRkalcMnYnBIr
dg. sRmab;kareFVIGaMgetRkalnImYy² eKcaM)ac;RtUvEtbBa©Últémøefrrbs;GaMgetRkal. eK
kMNt;témøTaMgenHedayeRbIlkçxNÐRBMEdnsRmab;TRm ehIyeKeRbIlkçxNÐCab;sRmab;GnuKmn_
BIrCYbKña.
 enAeBlEdleKkMNt;efrGaMgetRkalehIy eKRtUvCMnYsvaeTAkñúgsmIkarmMurgVil nigsmIkarPaB
dabeLIgvij. cugeRkay eKGackMNt;mMurgVil nigPaBdabenARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIExSekag
eGLasÞic)an. eKGacepÞógpÞat;lT§plEdlTTYledaylkçN³RkaPicedayeRbobeFobvaCa
mYynwgExSekageGLasÞicEdleyIg)anKUrBIxagelI.
PaBdab T.Chhay -250
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

témøviC¢mansRmab;mMurgVilKWRcasRTnicnaLika ehIyPaBdabviC¢manmanTisedAeLIgelI.
]TahrN_ 8-3³ Fñwmkugs‘ulEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-11a rgm:Um:g; M 0 enAcugTMenrrbs;va.
kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞic. EI Catémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
ExSekageGLasÞic³ bnÞúkxageRkAeFVIFñwmxUcRTg;RTaydUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-11a. tamkarGegát
eKGackMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmTaMgmUledayeRbIEtkUGredaen x .
GnuKmn_m:Um:g;Bt;³ BIdüaRkamGgÁesrI CamYynwgm:Um:g;Bt; M EdlmanGMeBIenAkñúgTisedAviC¢man ¬rUbTI 8-
11b¦ eyIg)an
M = M0
mMurgVil nigExSekageGLasÞic³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 8-4 nigedayeFVIGaMgetRkalBIrdgenaH
d 2ν
EI = M0 (1)
dx
dν
EI = M 0 x + C1 (2)
dx
M x2
EIν − 0 + C1 x + C 2 (3)
2
edayeRbIlkçxNÐRBMEdn dν / dx = 0 enARtg; x = 0 nigν = 0 enARtg; x = 0 enaH C1 = C2 = 0 .
edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (2) nig (3) CamYynwg θ = dν / dx eyIg)an
M0x
θ=
EI
M x2
ν= 0
2 EI
mMurgVilGtibrma nigPaBdabGtibrma ekItmanenARtg;cMNuc A Edl x = L
M 0L
θA = (4)
EI
M L2
νA = 0 (5)
2 EI

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lT§plviC¢mansRmab; θ A bgðajfacMNuc A xUcRTg;RTayedayvilRcasRTnicnaLika ehIylT§plviC¢-

man sRmab;ν A bgðajfaPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc A manTisedAeLIgelI. lT§plenHRtUvKñanwglT§pl
Edl)anKUrRBagenAkñúgrUbTI 8-11a.
edIm,ITTYl)anKMnitxøHCaTMhMCak;EsþgsRmab;mMurgVil nigPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc A eK[FñwmenA
kñúgrUbTI 8-11a manRbEvg 3.6m Tb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g; M 0 = 20kN .m ehIyFñwmenHRtUv)ansg;BIEdkEdl
man Est = 200GPa . RbsinebIeKsikSaKNnaFñwmenHedaymineRbIemKuNsuvtßiPaBedaysnμt;fa kug
RtaMgEkgGnuBaØatesμInwgkugRtaMgyal (yield stress) σ aloow = 250 N / mm 2 enaHeKrkeXIjfamuxkat;
W 6 × 9 ¬ I = 6.8 ⋅ 10 6 mm 4 ¦ manlkçN³RKb;RKan;kñúgkarTb;Tl;nwgbnÞúkxageRkAenH. BIsmIkar (4)

nig (5) eyIgTTYl)an

20kN .m(3.6m )
θA =
[200 ⋅10 kN / m ][6.8 ⋅10
6 2 6
× 10 −12 m 4 ] = 0.0529rad
20kN .m(3.6m )2
νA =
[ ][
2 200 ⋅ 10 6 kN / m 2 6.8 ⋅ 10 6 × 10 −12 m 4 ] = 95.3mm
edaysar θ A2 = 0.00280(10 −6 ) << 1 enaHvabgðajfakareRbIR)as;smIkar 8-4 manlkçN³RbesIrCag
karGnuvtþsmIkar 8-3 sRmab;karkMNt;PaBdabrbs;Fñwm. ehIy edaysarkarGnuvtþCaelxenHGnuvtþ
eTAelIFñwmkugs‘ul dUcenHeyIgTTYl)an θ max nigν max mantémøFMCag θ max nigν max sRmab;FñwmTRm
samBaØ.

]TahrN_ 8-4³ FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 8-12a rgbnÞúk P enAxagcugTMenrrbs;va. kMNt;bMlas;TIenARtg;

C . EI Catémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
PaBdab T.Chhay -252
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ExSekageGLasÞic³ FñwmxUcRTg;RTaykñúgTRmg;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-12a. edaysarEtbnÞúk eKRtUv

BicarNakUGredaen x BIIr.
GnuKmn_m:Um:g;Bt;³ edayeRbIdüaRkamGgÁesrIEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-12b eyIg)an
P
M1 = − x1 0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a
2
P
M 2 = − x2 +
3P
( x 2 − 2a )
2 2
= Px 2 − 3Pa 2a ≤ x 2 ≤ 3a
mMurgVil nigExSekageGLasÞic³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 8-4
sRmab; x1 / EI d ν21 = − P2 x1
2

dx1
dν P
EI 1 = − x12 + C1 (1)
dx1 4
P
EIν 1 = − x13 + C1 x1 + C 2 (2)
12
d ν2
2
sRmab; x2 / EI = Px 2 − 3Pa
dx 22
dν 2 P 2
EI = x 2 − 3Pax 2 + C3 (3)
dx 2 2
P 3
EIν 2 = x 23 − Pax 22 + C3 x 2 + C 4 (4)
6 2
eKkMNt;efrGaMgetRkalTaMgbYnedayeRbIlkçxNÐRBMEdnbI eBalKWν 1 = 0 enARtg; x1 = 0 / ν 1 = 0 enA
Rtg; x1 = 2a nigν 2 = 0 enARtg; x2 = 2a nigsmIkarénPaBCab;mYy. enATIenH PaBCab;rbs;mMurgVil
enARtg;TRmkl;TamTar[ dν 1 / dx1 = dν 2 / dx2 enARtg; x1 = x2 = 2a . cMNaMfaPaBCab;énbMlas;
TIenARtg;cMNuc B RtUv)aneKKitenAkñúglkçxNÐRBMEdnrYcehIy edaylkçN³minpÞal;edaysar
ν 1 = ν 2 = 0 enARtg; x1 = x 2 = 2a . edayGnuvtþlkçxNÐTaMgbYnenH eyIg)an
ν 1 = 0 enARtg; x1 = 0 0 = 0 + 0 + C2

ν 1 = 0 enARtg; x1 = 2a 0 = − (2a )3 + C1 (2a ) + C 2

P
12
ν 2 = 0 enARtg; x 2 = 2a 0 = (2a )3 − Pa(2a )3 + C3 (2a ) + C 4
P 3
6 2
dν 1 (2a ) dν 2 (2a )
= −
P
(2a )2 + C1 = P (2a )2 − 3Pa(2a ) + C3
dx1 dx 2 4 2
edayedaHRsaysmIkarxagelI eyIg)an
Pa 2 10 2
C1 = C2 = 0 C3 = Pa C 4 = −2 Pa 3
3 3

Deflection T.Chhay -253

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayCMnYs C3 nig C4 eTAkñúgsmIkar (4) eyIg)an

P 3 3 Pa 2 10 Pa 2 2 Pa 3
ν2 = x2 − x2 + x2 −
6 EI 2 EI 3EI EI
eKGackMNt;PaBdabenARtg;cMNuc C edayCMnYs x2 = 3a . eyIg)an
Pa 3
νc = −
EI

*>$> RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g; (Moment-Area Theorems)

KMnitedImcMnYnBIrsRmab;RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;RtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday Otto Mohr nigeRkaymk
RtUv)anbkRsayCapøÚvkareday Charles E. Greene enAkñúgqñaM 1873. RTwsþITaMgenHpþl;nUvbec©keTs
RkaPicBak;kNþal (semigraphical technique) sRmab;kMNt;mMurgVilénExSekageGLasÞic nigPaBdab
rbs;vaEdlbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt;. vamanKuNsm,tþiBiessenAeBleKeRbIvasRmab;edaHRsaycMeNaTEdl
Tak;TgnwgFñwm. CaBiessFñwmEdlrges‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNcu b¤EdlkMNat;rbs;vamanm:Um:g;niclPaBxusKña.

eKeyageTAelIFñwmEdlrgbnÞúkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-13a edIm,IbegáItRTwsþITaMgenH. Rbsin

ebIeyIgKUrdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;Fñwm ehIybnÞab;mkEckvanwgPaBrwgTb;nwgkarBt;begáag (flexural
rigidity) EI enaHeKTTYl)andüaRkam M / EI dUcEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-13b. tamsmIkar 8-2
⎛M ⎞
dθ = ⎜ ⎟dx
⎝ EI ⎠
dUcenH eyIgeXIjfabERmbRmYlmMurgVil dθ énbnÞat;b:HenAelIRCugsgxagrbs;Fatu dx esμInwgRkLaépÞqUt
énExSekag M / EI ¬BIcMNuc A eTAcMNuc B énrUbTI 8-13¦. kareFVIGaMgetRkalBIcMNuc A enAelIExS
ekageGLasÞiceTAcMNuc B ¬rUbTI 8-13c¦ eyIg)an
PaBdab T.Chhay -254
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
BM
θB/ A = ∫ dx (8-5)
A EI
smIkarenHbegáIt)anCaeKalkarN_sRmab;RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;TImYy.
RTwsþITI1³ bERmbRmYlmMurgVilrvagcMNucBIrenAelIExSekageGLasÞicesμInwgRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam
M / EI cenøaHcMNucTaMgBIrenaH.

nimitþsBaØa θ B / A CamMuénbnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNuc B Edlvas;eFobeTAnwgbnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNuc A .

BI karRsaybBa¢ak; eyIgeXIjfaeKvas;mMuenHBIbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A eTAbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc B RbsinebI
RkLa épÞéndüaRkam M / EI mantémøviC¢man ¬rUbTI 8-13c¦. pÞúymkvij RbsinebIRkLaépÞenHGviC¢-
man b¤ enABIeRkamG½kS x enaHmMuθ B / A RtUv)anvas;RsbRTnicnaLikaBIbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A eTAbnÞat;b:H
Rtg;cMNuc B . elIsBIenH BIkarKitxñaténsmIkar 8-5 θ B / A RtUv)anKitCara:düg;.

RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;Bt;TIBIrKWEp¥kelIlMgakeFobénbnÞat;b:Hrbs;ExSekageGLasÞic. dUceXIjenA
kñúgrUbTI 8-14c dt CalMgakbBaÄrrbs;bnÞat;b:HenAelIRCugmçagrbs;FatuGnnþtUc dx . eKvas;lMgakenH
tambeNþayExSQrEdlkat;tamcMNuc A . edaysareKsnμt;famMurgVilrbs;ExSekageGLasÞic nigPaB
dabrbs;vamantémøtUc dUcenHeKGacKitfaRbEvgbnÞat;b:HesμInwgRbEvg x ehIyRbEvgFñÚ ds' esμInwg dt .
edayeRbIrUbmnþkMNat;FñÚrbs;rgVg; s = θr eday r CaRbEvg x dUcenHeyIgGacsresr dt = xdθ . eday
eRbIsmIkar 8-2 ¬ dθ = (M / EI )dx ¦ enaHeKGackMNt;lMgaktamTisQrrbs;bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A
EdleFobnwgbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc B edayGaMgetRkal EdlenAkñúgkrNIenH
B M
t A/ B = ∫ x dx (8-6)
A EI

Deflection T.Chhay -255

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

rMlwkBIemeronsþaTic TIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞRtUv)ankMNt;BI x ∫ dA = ∫ xdA . edaysar ∫ (M / EI )dx

CaRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI enaHeyIgGacsresr
v BM
t A/ B = x∫ dx (8-7)
A EI

enATIenH x Cacm¶ayBIG½kSQrEdlkat;tamcMNuc A eTATIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞcenøaHcMNuc A nig B

¬rUb TI 8-14b¦.
eKGacbkRsayRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;TIBIrdUcxageRkam³
RTwsþITI2³ RbEvglMgakbBaÄrrbs;bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A enAelIExSekageGLasÞiceFobnwgbnÞat;b:HEdl
bnøayBIcMNuc B esμInwgm:Um:g;énRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNucBIr ¬ A nig B ¦.
m:Um:g;enHRtUv)aneKKNnaRtg;cMNuc A ¬cMNucenAelIExSeGLasÞic¦ EdlCaTItaMgEdleKRtUv
karkMNt;lMgak t A / B .
kñúgkrNIEdlm:Um:g;énRkLaépÞ M / EI BIcMNuc A eTAcMNuc B mantémøviC¢man dUcenAkñúgrUbTI 8-
14b enaHmann½yfabnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A sßitenABIelIbnÞat;b:HeTAnwgExSekagEdlbnøayBIcMNuc B ¬rUb
TI 8-14c¦. dUcKña m:Um:g;énRkLaépÞ M / EI EdlmanTMhMGviC¢man bgðajfabnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A sßit
enABIeRkambnÞat;b:HEdlbnøayBIcMNuc B . cMNaMfa CaTUeTA t A / B minesμInwg t B / A eT dUcEdlbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 8-14d. CaBiess edIm,IkMNt; t A / B eKRtUvrkm:Um:g;énRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI enAcenøaH
cMNuc A nigcMNuc B Rtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 8-14b¦ ehIyedIm,IKNna t B / A eKRtUvrkm:Um:g;énRkLaépÞ
rbs; düaRkam M / EI enAcenøaH cMNuc A nigcMNuc B Rtg;cMNuc B .
eKRtUvdwgfa eKGaceRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMu niglMgakcenøaHbnÞat;b:HenAelIExSekag
eGLasÞicrbs;FñwmRtg;BIrcMNuc. CaTUeTA vaminpþl;nUvdMeNaHRsaysRmab;mMurgVil nigPaBdabRtg;cMNuc
mUy enAelIFñwmedaypÞal;eT. dMbUgeKRtUveFVI[GBaØatTaMgenHTak;TgeTAnwgmMu b¤lMgakbBaÄrrbs;bnÞat;
b:H eTAnwgExSekageGLasÞic. CaFmμta eKRtUvKUrbnÞat;b:HRtg;TRmedaysarcMNucTaMgenHminmanPaB
dab nig¬b¤¦manmMurgVilsUnü. krNIBiesskñúgkarbegáItTMnak;TMngEdlmanlkçN³FrNImaRtmanbgðaj
enAkñúgcMeNaT]TahrN_.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIEdlGaceRbIedIm,IkMNt;PaBdab nigmMurgVilRtg;cMNucmYyenAelIExS
ekageGLasÞicrbs;FñwmedayeRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;.
düaRkam M / EI
PaBdab T.Chhay -256
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

 kMNt;RbtikmμTRm nigsg;düalRkam M / EI rbs;Fñwm.

 RbsinebIFñwmrgbnÞúkcMcMNuc enaHdüaRkam M / EI nwgpSMeLIgedayes‘rIénkMNat;bnÞat;Rtg; dUc
enHeKnwggayRsYlkñúgkarKNnaRkLaépÞ nigm:Um:g;énRkLaépÞsMrbs;RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;.
 RbsinebIFñwmrgnUves‘rIénbnÞúkcMcMNuc nigbnÞúkBRgay eKGacKNnaRkLaépÞ M / EI nigm:Um:g;
énRkLaépÞ M / EI edaysg;düaRkam M / EI CaEpñk edayeRbIviFItRmYtpldUckarENnaMenA
kñúgkfaxNÐ 4-5. enAkñúgkNIEdldüaRkam M / EI manrag)a:ra:bUl b¤ExSekagEdlmandWeRk
x<s; eKENnaM[eRbItaraglkçN³FrNImaRtrbs;RkLaépÞ.
ExSekageGLasÞic
 sg;ExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm. rMlwkfamMurgVilsUnüekItmanenARtg;TRmbgáb; ehIybMlas;TI
sUnüekItmanenARtg;TRmbgáb; b¤TRmsnøak; b¤k¾TRmkl;.
 RbsinebIeKBi)aksg;ragTUeTArbs;ExSekageGLasÞic cUreRbIdüaRkamm:Um:g; b¤k¾düaRkam
M / EI . eKRtUvdwgfa enAeBlEdlFñwmrgm:Um:g;viC¢man Fñwmpt cMENkÉFñwmrgm:Um:g;GviC¢man

Fñwme)a:g. elIsBIenH cMNucrbt; b¤karpøas;bþÚrkMeNagekItmanenAeBlm:Um:g;enAkñúgFñwmesμIsUnü.

 eKRtUvbgðajbMlas;TI nigmMurgVilEdlRtUvkarKNnaenAelIExSekag. edaysarRTwsþIRkLaépÞ
m:Um:g;Gnuvtþ)anEtenAcenøaHbnÞat;b:HBIr eKRtUvRby½tñkñúgkarsg;bnÞat;b:HedayeFVIy:agNa[mMu
niglMgakrvagBYkvaGacedaHRsayrkPaBdab nigmMurgVi)an. cMeBaHbBaðaenH eKRtUvBicarNakñúg
karsg;bnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNucEdlRtUvrkmMurgVil nigPaBdab nigenARtg;TRm edaysarCaTUeTA
FñwmmanbMlas;TIsUnü nig¬b¤¦mMurgVilsUnüenARtg;TRm.
RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;
 GnuvtþRTwsþITImYyedIm,IkMNt;mMurvagbnÞat;b:HBIr ehIyRTwsþITI2edIm,IkMNt;lMgakbBaÄrrvagbnÞat;
b:HTaMgenaH.
 eKRtUvdwgfaCaTUeTARTwsþITI2minpþl;nUvbMlas;TrI bs;cMNucenAelIExSekageGLasÞiceT. enAeBl
EdleKGnuvtþ)anRtwmRtUv vanwgpþl;nUgcm¶aybBaÄr b¤lMgakénbnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNuc A enAelI
ExSekageGLasÞicBIbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc B .
 bnÞab;BIGnuvtþRTwsþITI1 b¤RTwsþITI2 eKGacepÞógpÞat;sBaØarbs;cMeLIyBImMu niglMgakEdlbgðajenA
elIExSekageGLasÞic.

Deflection T.Chhay -257

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

PaBdab T.Chhay -258

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 8-5³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc B nigcMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-15a.

yk E = 200GPa nig I = 360(10 6 )mm 4 .

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkam M / EI ³ düaRkamenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-15b. vamanlkçN³gayRsYlCagkñúgkar
edaHRsaycMeNaTenHedayeRbItY EI nigCMnYsCatémøelxenACMhancugeRkay.
ExSekageGLasÞic³ bnÞúk10kN eFVI[FñwmxUcRTg;RTaydUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-15c. FñwmxUcRTg;RTay
edaylkçN³e)a:g edaysar M / EI GviC¢man. enATIenH bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A ¬TRm¦EtgEtmanTis
edk. bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc B nigcMNuc C manlkçN³dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb. eyIgRtUvkarkMNt;rkθ B
nig θ C . edaykarsg;bnÞat;b:H mMurvagbnÞat;b:HRtg; A nigbnÞat;b:HRtg; B eBalBIθ B / A smmUlnwg θ B .
θB = θB/ A
ehIy θC = θC / A
RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ edayGnuvtþRTwsþITI1 θ B / A esñInwgRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc A nig
cMNuc E Edl
⎛ 50kN .m ⎞ 1 ⎛ 100kN .m 50kN .m ⎞
θ B = θ B / A = −⎜ ⎟(5m ) − ⎜ − ⎟(5m )
⎝ EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ EI EI ⎠
375kN .m 2
=−
EI
edayCMnYstémøCaelxsRmab; E nig I eyIg)an
− 375kN .m 2
[200(10 )kN / m ][360(10 )(10 )m ] = −0.00521rad
6 2 6 −12 4

sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfamMuRtUv)anvas;RsbTisRTnicnaLikaBIcMNuc A ¬rUbTI 8-15c¦.

Deflection T.Chhay -259
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

tamrebobdUcKña RkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc A nigcMNuc C esμInwg θ C / A .

eyIg)an
1 ⎛ 100kN .m ⎞ 500kN .m 2
θC = θC / A = ⎜ − ⎟ (10 m ) = −
2⎝ EI ⎠ EI
edayCMnYsCatémøelxsRmab; EI / eyIg)an
− 500kN .m 2
[200(10 )kN / m ][360(10 )(10 )m ] = −0.00694rad
6 2 6 −12 4

]TahrN_ 8-6³ kMNt;PaBdabenARtg;cMNuc B nigcMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-16a.

témøénm:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. yk E = 200GPa .

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkam M / EI ³ edaykarGegát düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmmanragCactuekaN. enATIenH eyIgnwgsg;
düaRkam M / EI EdlTak;TgeTAnwg I BC edaydwgfa I AB = 2I BC ¬rUbTI 8-16b¦. témøCaelx
sRmab; EI nwgRtUv)anCMnYsenACMhancugeRkay.
ExSekageGLasÞic³ m:Um:g;xageRkAenARtg;cMNuc C eFVI[FñwmxUcRTg;RTaydUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-16c.
bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A ¬TRm¦/ Rtg;cMNuc B nigcMNuc C RtUv)anbgðaj. eKtRmUv[eyIgrk Δ B nig
Δ C . bMlas;TITaMgenHGacTak;TgedaypÞal;eTAnwglMgakcenøaHbnÞat;b:H.

BIkñúgrUbeyIgeXIjfa Δ B esμInwg lMgakrbs;bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc B eFobeTAnwgbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A Edl

Δ B = tB / A
ehIy Δ C = tC / A

PaBdab T.Chhay -260

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ edayGnuvtþRTwsþITI2 t B / A esñInwgm:Um:g;RkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI BC cenøaHcMNuc

A nigcMNuc B EdlKitRtg;cMNuc B edaysarvaCacMNucEdleKRtUvkarkMNt;lMgakrbs;bnÞat;b:H.

dUcenH BIrUbTI 8-16b

⎡ 250 N .m ⎤ 3
Δ B = tB / A = ⎢ (4m )⎥(2m ) = 2000 N .m
⎣ EI BC ⎦ EI BC

edayCMnYstémøCaelx enaHeyIg)an
2000 N .m 3
ΔB =
[200(10 )N / m ]⎡⎢⎣4(10 )mm ⎛⎜⎝1m /(10 ) mm
9 2 6 4 4 3 4 4 ⎞⎤
⎟⎥
⎠⎦

= 0.0025m = 2.5mm
dUcKña sRmab; tC / A eyIgRtUvEtKNnam:Um:g;éndüaRkam M / EI BC BIcMNuc A eTAcMNuc C Rtg;cMNuc C .
eyIg)an
⎡ 250 N .m ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
Δ C = tC / A = ⎢ (4m )⎥(5m ) + ⎢ 500 N .m (3m )⎥(1.5m )
⎣ EI BC ⎦ ⎣ EI BC ⎦
3 3
7250 N .m 7250 N .m
=
EI BC
=
[ ( ) ][ ( )(
200 10 N / m 2 4 10 6 10 −12 m 4
6
) ]
= 0.00906m = 9.06mm
edaysarcMeLIyTaMgBIrmantémøviC¢man enaHcMNuc B nigcMNuc C RtUvsßitenABIxagelIbnÞat;b:HRtg;
cMNuc A .

]TahrN_ 8-7³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-17a. yk E =

/ ( )
200GPa I = 6 10 6 mm 4 .

dMeNaHRsay³
Deflection T.Chhay -261
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

düaRkam M / EI ³ rUbTI 8-17b.

ExSekageGLasÞic³ edaysarbnÞúkEdlGnuvtþmkelIFñwmmanlkçN³sIuemRTI enaHExSekageGLasÞick¾RtUv
manlkçN³sIuemRTIEdr dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-17c. eKTamTar[eyIgrkθ C . eKRtUvdwgfabnÞat;b:H
Rtg;cMNuc D CabnÞat;edk dUcenHBIsMNg;bnÞat;b:H mMuθ D / C cenøaHbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc C nigbnÞat;b:HRtg;
cMNuc D esμInwgθ C . dUcenH
θC = θ D / C
RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ edayeRbIRTwsþITI1 θ D / C esñInwgRkLaépÞqUtrbs;düaRkam M / EI BC cenøaHcMNuc C
nigcMNuc D . eyIg)an
⎛ 30kN .m ⎞ 1 ⎛ 60kN .m 30kN .m ⎞
θ C = θ D / C = 3m⎜ ⎟ + (3m )⎜ − ⎟
⎝ EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ EI EI ⎠
135kN .m 2
=
EI
135kN .m 2
dUcenH θC =
[ ( ) ][ ( )( ) ]
200 10 6 kN / m 2 6 10 6 10 −12 m 4
= 0.112rad

]TahrN_ 8-8³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-18a. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 360 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkam M / EI ³ rUbTI 8-18b.

PaBdab T.Chhay -262

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ExSekageGLasÞic³ ExSekageGLasÞicRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-18c. eKtRmUv[eyIgkMNt; θ C .

sg;bnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc A / B ¬TRm¦ nigRtg;cMNuc C ehIycMNaMfa θ C / A CamMurvagbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMnuc A
nig cMNuc C . ehIyeKGackMNt;mMu φ enAkñúgrUbTI 8-18c edayeRbI φ = t B / A / L AB . smIkarenHman
n½y edaysar t B / A mantémøtUc ehtudUcenHeKGacyk t B / A esμInwgRbEvgkMNat;FñÚEdlkMNt;edaykaM
L AB = 8m nigmMu φ ¬rMlwkfa s = rθ ¦. BIrUbFrNImaRténrUbTI 8-18c eyIg)an
tB / A
θC = φ − θC / A = − θC / A (1)
8
RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ edayeRbIRTwsþITI1 θ C / A esñInwgRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc A
nigcMNuc C . eyIg)an
2
θC / A =
1
(2m )⎛⎜ 20kN .m ⎞⎟ = 20kN .m
2 ⎝ EI ⎠ EI
edayGnuvtþRTwsþI2 t B / A esμInwgm:Um:g;RkLaépÞrbs;düaRkamm:Um:g;cenøaHcMNuc B nigcMNuc A
Rtg;cMNuc B edaysarvaCacMNucEdleKRtUvkarrklMgakrbs;bnÞat;b:H. eyIg)an
⎡ ⎤⎡ 1 ⎛ 60kN .m ⎞⎤ 2 ⎡1 ⎛ 60kN .m ⎞⎤
t B / A = ⎢2m + (6m )⎥ ⎢ (6m )⎜ ⎟⎥ + (2m )⎢ (2m )⎜
1
⎟⎥
⎣ 3 ⎦⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦ 3 ⎣2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦
800kN .m 3
=
EI
edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
800kN .m 3 20kN .m 2 80kN .m 2
θC = − =
(8m )EI EI EI
80kN .m 2
dUcenH θC =
[200(10 )kN / m ][360(10 )(10 )m ] = 0.0011rad
6 2 6 −12 4

]TahrN_ 8-9³ kMNt;PaBdabenARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-19a. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 4 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .
dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkam M / EI ³ rUbTI 8-19b.
ExSekageGLasÞic³ enATIenH eKtRmUv[eyIgrk Δ C ¬rUbTI 8-19c¦. vaminEmnCaPaBdabGtibrma
rbs;FñwmeT edaysarbnÞúk nigExSekageGLasÞicminmanlkçN³sIuemRTIeT. GIVEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-
19c CabnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNuc A / cMNuc B ¬TRm¦ nigcMNuc C . RbsinebIeKkMNt; t A / B enaHeKGac
rk Δ' BI RtIekaNdUc Edl Δ' / 3 = t A / B / 6 b¤ Δ' = t A / B / 2 . BIsMNg;bnÞat;b:HenAkñúgrUbTI 8-19c
eyIg)an
Deflection T.Chhay -263
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

t A/ B
ΔC = − tC / B (1)
2
RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ eyIgnwgGnuvtþRTwsþITI2 edIm,Irk t A / B nig tC / B . enATIenH t A / B Cam:Um:g;RkLaépÞ
rbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc A nigcMNuc B Rtg;cMNuc A . eyIg)an
⎤⎡1 ⎛ 5kN .m ⎞⎤ 30kN .m
3
⎡1
t A/ B = ⎢ (6m )⎥ ⎢ (6m )⎜ ⎟⎥ =
⎣3 ⎦⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦ EI
ehIy tC / B Cam:Um:g;RkLaépÞ rbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc C nigcMNuc B Rtg;cMNuc C . eyIg)an
⎤⎡ 1 ⎛ 2.5kN .m ⎞⎤ 3.75kN .m
3
⎡1
t C / B = ⎢ (3m )⎥ ⎢ (3m )⎜ ⎟⎥ =
⎣3 ⎦⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦ EI
edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
1 ⎛⎜ 30kN .m 3 ⎞⎟ 3.75kN .m 3 11.25kN .m 3
ΔC = − =
2 ⎜⎝ EI ⎟
⎠ EI EI

CMnYsCatémøelxeyIg)an
11.25kN .m 3
ΔC =
[200(10 )kN / m ][4(10 )(10 )m ]
6 2 6 −12 4

= 0.0141m = 14.1mm

]TahrN_ 8-10³ kMNt;PaBdabenARtg;cMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-20a. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 250 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

PaBdab T.Chhay -264

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkam M / EI ³ dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-20b düaRkamenHpSMeLIgedayRtIekaN nig)a:ra:bUl.
ExSekageGLasÞic³ bnÞúkbgá[FñwmxUcRTg;RTaydUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-20c. eKtRmUv[eyIgrk Δ C .
edaysg;bnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNuc A / cMncu B ¬TRm¦ nigcMNuc C eyIgeXIjfa Δ C = tC / A − Δ' . b:uEnþ
eKGacP¢ab;TMnak;TMng Δ' eTAnwg t B / A edayRtIekaNdUc Edl Δ' / 16 = t B / A / 8 b¤ Δ' = 2t B / A dUcenH
Δ C = t C / A − 2t B / A (1)

RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ eyIgnwgGnuvtþRTwsþITI2 edIm,Irk tC / A nig t B / A . enATIenH tC / A Cam:Um:g;RkLaépÞ

rbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc C nigcMNuc A Rtg;cMNuc C . eyIg)an
⎡3 ⎤⎡1 ⎛ 192kN .m ⎞⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤⎡ 1 ⎛ 192kN .m ⎞⎤
t C / A = ⎢ (8m )⎥ ⎢ (8m )⎜ − ⎟⎥ + ⎢ (8m ) + 8m⎥ ⎢ (8m )⎜ − ⎟
⎣4 ⎦⎣3 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦ ⎣ 3 ⎦⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎥⎦
11264kN .m 3
=−
EI
ehIy t B / A Cam:Um:g;RkLaépÞ rbs;düaRkam M / EI cenøaHcMNuc B nigcMNuc A Rtg;cMNuc B . eyIg)an
⎡1 ⎤⎡ 1 ⎛ 192kN .m ⎞⎤ 2048kN .m 3
t B / A = ⎢ (8m )⎥ ⎢ (8m )⎜ − ⎟⎥ = −
⎣3 ⎦⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦ EI
ehtuGIV)anCatYTaMgenHmantémøGviC¢man? edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
11264kN .m 3 ⎛ 2048kN .m 3 ⎞
ΔC = − − 2⎜ − ⎟
EI ⎜ EI ⎟
⎝ ⎠
3
7168kN .m
=−
EI
7168kN .m 3
dUcenH ΔC = −
[ ( ) ][ ( )( ) ]
200 10 6 kN / m 2 250 10 6 10 −12 m 4

Deflection T.Chhay -265

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

= −0.143m

]TahrN_ 8-11³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc B rbs;FñwmlysgxagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-21a.

yk E = /
200GPa I = 18 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
düaRkam M / EI ³ eKGacsMrYldüaRkam M / EI edayKUrvaCaEpñk nigBicarNadüaRkam M / EI sRmab;
bnÞúkbI EdlbnÞúknImYy²manGMeBIenAelIFñwmkugs‘ulEdlmanTRmbgáb;enARtg;cMNuc D ¬ rUbTI 8-21b¦.
eKminKitbnÞúk10kN eT edaysarvaminbegáItm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc D .
ExSekageGLasÞic³ RbsinebIeKKUrbnÞat;b:HRtg;cMNuc B nigRtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 8-21c¦ eKGackMNt;
mMurgVil B edayrk tC / B nigsRmab;mMutUc
tC / B
θB = (1)
2m

PaBdab T.Chhay -266

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;³ edIm,Irk t B / C eyIgGnuvtþRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edayrkm:Um:g;RkLaépÞrbs;düaRkam

M / EI cenøaH BC Rtg;cMNuc C .

m:Um:g;RkLaépÞEdleyIg)anrkCam:Um:g;énRkLaépÞEdlqUtrbs;düaRkam BIrenAkñúgrUbTI 8-21b. dUcenH

⎡ ⎛ 30kN .m ⎞⎤ ⎛ 2m ⎞ ⎡ 1 ⎛ 10kN .m ⎞⎤
t C / B = (1m )⎢(2m )⎜ − ⎟⎥ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ (2m )⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ EI ⎠⎦ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎦
53.33kN .m 3
=
EI
edayCMnYslT§plxagelIeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
53.33kN .m 3
θB =
(2m )[200(10 6 )kN / m 3 ][18(10 6 )(10 −12 )m 4 ]
= 0.00741rad

*>%> viFIFñwmnimitþ (Conjugate-beam method)

vIFIFñwmnimitþRtUv)anbegáItedaym‘uyeyeRbsøÚ enAkñúgqñaM 1865. CaBiess vatRmUv[karKNna
manTMhMesμIKñanwgRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil b¤PaBdabrbs;Fñwm b:uEnþviFIenHk¾QrelIeKal-
karN_sþaTic EdleyIgGacedaHRsayedaygay.

eKalkarN_sRmab;TTYl)anviFIenHRsedogKñanwgsmIkar 4-1 nigsmIkar 4-2 nigBIsmIkar 8-2

dl;smIkar 8-4. edIm,IbgðajnUvPaBdUcKña eyIgnwgsresrsmIkarTaMgenHdUcxageRkam
dV
=w d 2M
=w
dx dx 2
dθ M d 2v M
= =
dx EI dx 2 EI
edayeFVIGaMgetRkal eyIgTTYl)an
V = ∫ wdx [
M = ∫ ∫ wdx dx ]
Deflection T.Chhay -267
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

b b b b
⎛M ⎞ ⎡ ⎛M ⎞ ⎤
θ = ∫⎜ ⎟dx ν = ∫ ⎢∫ ⎜ ⎟dx ⎥dx
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎦

enATIenH kmøaMgkat; V manlkçN³RsedognwgmMurgVil θ m:Um:g;Bt; M manlkçN³RsedognwgbMlas;TνI

ehIybnÞúkxageRkAmanlkçN³RsedognwgdüaRkam M / EI . edIm,Iyl;BIkarRbdUcenH eyIgnwgBicarNa
FñwmEdlmanRbEvgdUcKñanwgFñwmBit EdleK[eQμaHfaFñwmnimitþ (conjugate beam) enAkñúg rUbTI 8-22.
FñwmnimitþrgnUvbnÞúkéndüaküam M / EI EdldUcKñanwgbnÞúk w EdlmanGMeBIenAelIFñwmBit. BIkarRbdUcxag
elI eyIgGaceBalnUvRTwsþIBIrEdlTak;TgeTAnwgFñwmnimitþKW
RTwsþITI1³ mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwmBitmantémøCaelxesμInwgkmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNucRtUvKñaenA
elIFñwmnimitþ.
RTwsþITI2³ bMlas;TIrbs;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwmBitmantémøCaelxesμInwgm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNucRtUvKñaenAelI
Fñwmnimitþ.

PaBdab T.Chhay -268

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

TRmrbs;Fñwmnimitþ³ enAeBlKUrFñwmnimitþeKcaM)ac;RtUveFVI[kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlekItmanenARtg;

TRmrbs;FñwmnimitþRtUvKñanwgmMurgVil nigPaBdabrbs;FñwmBitenARtg;TRmrbs;vaEdr edayeyagtamRTwsþITI
1 nigRTwsþITI2. Ca]TahrN_ dUcEdl)aneXIjenAkñúgtarag 8-2 TRmsnøak; nigTRmkl;enARtg;cug
rbs;FñwmBitpþl;nUvbMlas;TIsUnü b:uEnþmMurgVilrbs;vaminsUnü. Cavi)ak BIRTwsþITI1 nigRTwsþITI2 FñwmnimitþRtUv
EtRTedayTRmsnøak; nigTRmkl;; edaysarTRmTaMgenHmanm:Um:g;sUnü EtmankmøaMgkat; b¤kmøaMgRbti-
kmμ. enAeBlFñwmBitRtUv)anRTedayTRmbgáb; (3) TaMgmMurgVil nigTaMgbMlas;enARtg;TRmesμIsUnü. enA
TIenH FñwmnimitþmancugesrI ¬KμanTRm¦ edaysarenAxagcugmankmøaMgkat;sUnü nigm:Um:g;Bt;sUnü. TRm
RtUvKñarvagFñwm Bit nigFñwmnimitþsRmab;krNIepSgeTotmanbgðajenAkñúgtarag. ]TahrN_énFñwmBit nig
FñwmnimitþRtUv)an bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-23. cMNaMfa tamk,Ünc,ab; ¬edayecalkmøaMgtamG½kS¦ FñwmBit
kMNt;edaysþaTicmanFñwmnimitþkMNt;edaysþaTic. cMENkÉFñwmBitminkMNt;edaysþaTicEdlbgðajenA
kñúgkrNIcug eRkayénrUbTI 8-23 køayCaFñwmnimitþKμanesßrPaB. eTaHbICakrNIenHekIteLIgk¾eday k¾
bnÞúk M / EI nwgpþl;nUvlMnwgedIm,IeFIV[FñwmmansißrPaB.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIEdlGaceRbIedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI nigmMurgVilRtg;cMNucmYyenAelIExS
ekageGLasÞicrbs;FñwmedayeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ.
Fñwmnimitþ
Deflection T.Chhay -269
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

 KUrFñwmnimitþsRmab;FñwmBit. FñwmenHRtUvmanRbEvgdUcKñanwgFñwmBit nigmanTRmRtUvKñadUcbgðaj

enAkñúgtarag 8-2.
 CaTUeTA RbsinebITRmrbs;FñwmBitmanmMurgVil enaHTRmrbs;FñwmnimitþRtUvmankmøaMgkat; ehIyebI
TRmrbs;FñwmBitmanPaBdab enaHTRmrbs;FñwmnimitþRtUvEtmanm:Um:g;Bt;.
 FñwmnimitþRtUvrgnUvbnÞúkEdlCadüaRkam M / EI rbs;FñwmBit. eKsnμt;bnÞúkenHBRgayelIFñwm
nimitþ nigmanTisedAeLIgelIenAeBl M / EI viC¢man ehIymanTisedAcuHeRkamenAeBl M / EI
GviC¢man. eKGacniyaymüa:geTotfa bnÞúkmanGMeBIecjBIFñwm.
smIkarlMnwg
 edayeRbIsmIkarlMnwg kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmrbs;Fñwmnimitþ.
 kat;FñwmnimitþenARtg;cMNucEdleKRtUvkarrkmMurgVilθ nigbMlas;TI Δ rbs;FñwmBit. enARtg;mux
kat; eKRtUvbgðajkmøaMgkat; V ' nigm:Um:g;Bt; M ' EdlCaGBaØatEdleFVIkarkñúgTisedAviC¢man.
 kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;edayeRbIsmIkarlMnwg. V ' nig M ' esμInwg θ nig Δ erogKña sRmab;
FñwmBit. RbsinebItémøTaMgenHviC¢man mMurgVilKWvilRcasRTnicnaLika ehIybMlas;TImanTis
eLIgelI.

]TahrN_ 8-12³ kMNt;mMurgVil nigPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc B rbs;FñwmEdkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-

24a. kmøaMgRbtikmμRtUv)anKNna[. yk E = 200GPa / I = 475(106 )mm 4 .

dMeNaHRsay³

PaBdab T.Chhay -270

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Fñwmnimitþ³ FñwmnimitþRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-24b. TRmenARtg; A' nig B' RtUvKñanwgTRm A nigTRm

B enA elIFñwmBit ¬tarag 8-2¦. eKcaM)ac;RtUvdwgBImUlehturbs;va. düaRkam M / EI GviC¢man dUcenH

bnÞúk BRgayeFVIGMeBIcuHeRkam eBalKWecjBIFñwm.

smIkarlMnwg³ edaysareKRtUvkarkMNt; θ B nig Δ B dUcenHeyIgRtUvKNna VB' nig M B' enAkñúgFñwmnimitþ
¬rUbTI 8-24c¦.
250kN .m 2
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − − VB ' = 0
EI
250kN .m 2
θ B = VB ' = −
EI
− 250kN .m 2
=
[200(10 )kN / m ][475(10 )(10 )m ]
6 2 6 −12 4

= −0.00263rad
250kN .m 2
+ ∑ M B' = 0 (8.33m ) + M B ' = 0
EI
2083kN .m 3
Δ B = M B' = −
EI
− 2083kN .m 3
=
[ ( ) ][ ( )(
200 10 6 kN / m 2 475 10 6 10 −12 m 4 ) ]
= −0.0219m = −21.9mm
sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfamMurgVilrbs;FñwmRtUv)anvas;RsbRTnicnaLika ehIybMlas;TImanTiscuHeRkam
¬rUbTI 8-24d¦.

]TahrN_ 8-13³ kMNt;PaBdabGtibrmarbs;FñwmEdkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-25a. kmøaMgRbtikmμ

RtUv)anKNna[. yk E = 200GPa / I = 60(106 )mm 4 .
dMeNaHRsay³
Fñwmnimitþ³ FñwmnimitþRtUvrgbnÞúkéndüaRkam M / EI dUcEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-25b. edaysardüakam
M / EI viC¢man bnÞúkBRgayeFVIGMeBIeLIgelI ¬ecjBIFñwm¦.

smIkarlMnwg³ dMbUg eKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμxageRkAenAelIFñwmnimitþ nigbgðajvaenAelIdüaRkam

GgÁesrIenAkñúgrUbTI 8-25c. PaBdabGtibrmarbs;FñwmBitekItmanenARtg;cMNucEdlmMurgVilrbs;FñwmesμI
sUnü. vaRtUvKñanwgcMNucenAelIFñwmnimitþEdlmankmøaMgesμIsUnü. edaysnμt;facMNucmanGMeBIenAkñúgtMbn;
0 ≤ x ≤ 9m BIcMNuc A' s eyIgGackat;Fñwm nigBinitüEpñkxagsþaMénFñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-25d.

Deflection T.Chhay -271

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMNaMfa eKRtUv KNnakMBUlrbs;bnÞúkBRgayBIRtIekaNdUc Edl w / x = (18 / EI ) / 9 .

eyIgtRmUv[ V ' = 0 Edl
45 1 ⎛ 2 x ⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − + ⎜ ⎟x = 0
EI 2 ⎝ EI ⎠
x = 6.71m (0 ≤ x ≤ 9m ) O.K.
edayeRbItémøenHsRmab; x PaBdabGtibrmaenAkñúgFñwmBitRtUvnwgm:Um:g;Bt; M ' . dUcenH
+ ∑M = 0
45
(6.71) − ⎡⎢ 1 ⎛⎜ 2(6.71) ⎞⎟6.71⎤⎥ 1 (6.71) + M ' = 0
EI ⎣ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎦3
201.2kN .m 3
Δ max = M ' = −
EI
− 201.2kN .m 3
=
[ ( ) ⎡
] ( ) ( ) ⎤
200 10 6 kN / m 2 ⎢60 10 6 mm 4 ⎛⎜1m 4 / 10 3 mm 4 ⎞⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝
4

⎠⎦

= −0.0168m = −16.8mm
sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfaPaBdabcuHeRkam.

]TahrN_ 8-14 ³ rtenAkñúgrUbTI 8-26a CartCab; nigeFVIBIebtug ehIyenAkNþalElVgRtUv)anGb

edaybnÞHEdkedaysarm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;kEnøgenHmantémøFM. kMNat;Ggát;cugsgxagEdlmanRbEvg
4m manm:Um:g;niclPaB I = 270(10 6 )mm 4 ehIykMNat;Ggát;EdlenAkNþalman I = 540(10 6 )mm 4 .

kMNt;PaBdabenARtg;kNþalElVg. yk E = 200GPa . kmøaMgRbtikmμRtUv)anKNna[.

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dMeNaHRsay³
Fñwmnimitþ³ dMbUgeKRtUvkMNt;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-26b. edaysar M / EI
nimitþRtUvrgbnÞúkéndüaRkam I ' = 2I edIm,ICakargayRsYl eyIgGacsMEdgbnÞúkenAelIFñwmnimitþeday
eRbItY EI efr dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-26c.
smIkarlMnwg³ eKGacKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμenAelIFñwmnimitþedayPaBsIuemRTIrbs;bnÞúk b¤edayeRbIsmIkar
lMnwg. lT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-26d. edaysareKRtUvkarkMNt;PaBdabenARtg;cMNuc C
dUcenHeyIgRtUvKNnam:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc C ' . edayeRbIviFImuxkat; eKRtUvpþac;kMNat;Ggát; A' C '
ehIy eKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMgpÁÜbénkmøaMgBRgay nigTItaMgrbs;va ¬rUbTI 8-26e¦. dUcenH

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+ ∑ MC = 0
620
(6) − 400 (3.333) − 200 (1) − 20 (0.667 ) + M C ' = 0
EI EI EI EI
3
2173kN .m
M C' = −
EI
edayCMnYstémøCaelxén EI eyIgTTYl)an
− 2173kN .m 3
Δ C = M C' =
[200(10 )kN / m ][270(10 )(10 )m ] = −0.0402m = −40.2mm
6 2 6 −12 4

sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfaPaBdabmanTiscuHeRkam.

]TahrN_ 8-15 ³ kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;snøak;enARtg;cMNuc B nigmMurgVilrbs;kMNat;FñwmnImYy²Edl

)anP¢ab;enARtg;snøak;énFñwmpSMEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-27a.

PaBdab T.Chhay -274

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
Fñwmnimitþ³ ExSekageGLasÞicsRmab;FñwmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-27b edIm,IdwgBIbMlas;TI Δ B nig
mMurgVil (θ B )L nig (θ B )R enAxagsþaM nigenAxageqVgrbs;snøak;. edayeRbItarag 8-2 FñwmnimitþRtUv)an
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8-27c. edIm,IsMrYldl;karKNna eKKUrdüaRkam M / EI CaEpñkedayeRbIeKal-
karN_tRmYtpl dUckatBN’naenAkñúgkfaxNÐ4-5. cMeBaHkrNIenH eKKitFñwmBitCaFñwmkugs‘ulEdlman
TRmbgáb;enAcugxageqVg A . düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;bnÞúk 40kN kmøaMgRbtikmμ C y = 10kN nigkmøaMg
m:Um:g; 50kN.m RtUv)an[. cMNaMfa tMbn;GviC¢manrbs;düaRkamenHbegáItbnÞúkBRgaycuHeRkam ehIy
tMbn; viC¢manmanbnÞúkBRgayEdlmanGMeBIeLIgelI.
smIkarlMnwg³ dMbUgeKRtUvKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc B' nig C ' ehIylT§plRtUv)anbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 8-27d. edIm,IkMNt; (θ B )R eKRtUvkat;FñwmnimitþenAxagsþaMcMNuc B' bnþic ehIyKNnakmøaMg
kat; (VB' ) ¬rUbTI 8-27e¦. dUcenH
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 (V B' )R + 125 − 250 − 2
=0
EI EI EI
127kN .m 2
(θ B )R = (V B ' )R =
EI
127 kN .m 2
=
[200(10 )kN / m ][18(10 )(10 )m ] = 0.0353rad
6 2 6 −12 4

m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc B' [CabMlas;TIénsnøak;. dUcenH

+ ∑ M B' = 0 − M B' +
125
(1.67) − 250 (2.5) − 2 (5) = 0
EI EI EI
3
427 kN .m 427 kN .m 3
Δ B = M B' = −
EI
=−
[ ( ) ][ ( )(
200 10 6 kN / m 2 18 10 6 10 −12 m 4 ) ]
= −0.119m = −119mm
eKGacrkmMurgVilBIkarkat;FñwmenAxageqVgcMNuc B' bnþic ¬rUbTI 8-27f¦. dUcenH
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 (V B ' )L + 127 + 125 − 250 − 2
=0
EI EI EI EI
(θ B )L = (V B ' )L = 0
eyIgeXIjy:agc,as;fa Δ B = M B' sRmab;kMNat;Ggát;enHmantémøesμInwgtémøEdl)anKNnaBIelIkmun
edaysarédXñas;rbs;vaenAkñúgrUbTI 8-27e nigenAkñúgrUbTI 8-27f xusKñaEtbnþicb:ueNÑaH.

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cMeNaT
8>1> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm
edayeRbIkUGredaen x Edlmann½ysRmab;
0 ≤ x < L / 2 . kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A nig

PaBdabGtibrmarbs;Fñwm. EI Catémøefr.
8>5> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwmkug
s‘ulEdlrgkmøaMgm:Um:g; M 0 . ehIykMNt;mMurgVil
Gtibrma nigPaBdabGtibrmarbs;Fñwm. EI Ca
témøefr.
8>2> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm
edayeRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 . EI Catémøefr.

8>6> kMNt;PaBdabGtibrmarbs;Fñwm nigmMurgVil

Rtg;cMNuc A edayeRbIviFIGaMgetRkalDub.
EI Ca témøefr.

8>3> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm
edayeRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 . kMNt;PaBdab
Gtibrmarbs;Fñwm. EI Catémøefr. 8>7> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicedayeRbI
kUGredaen x ehIykMNt;mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc A nig
PaBdabRtg;cMNuc C . EI Ca témøefr.

8>4> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm
edayeRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 . kMNt;mMurgVilRtg;
8>8> kMNt;smIkarExSekageGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm
cMNuc A nigPaBdab Gtibrmarbs;Fñwm. EI Ca
TRmsamBaØEdlrgkmøaMgm:Um:g; M 0 .
témøefr.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -276
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ehIykMNt; mMurgVilGtibrma nigPaBdabGtibrma

rbs;Fñwm. EI Catémøefr.

8>13> FñwmrgbnÞúkdUcbgðaj. eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞ

m:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc A nigbMlas;TI
8>9> kMNt;mMurgVilGtibrma nigPaBdabGtibrma
enARtg;cMNuc B . snμt; A CaTRmsnøak; nig B Ca
rbs;FñwmTRm samBaØEdlrgkmøaMgm:Um:g; M 0
TRmkl;. EI Catémøefr.
edayeRbIviFIGaMgetRkalDub. EI Catémøefr.

8>10> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil
nigPaBdabRtg;cMNuc B . EI Catémøefr. 8>14> FñwmrgbnÞúk P dUcbgðaj. eRbIRTwsþIRkLa
épÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;TMhMkmøaMg F EdlRtUvdak;enA
Rtg;cugénFñwmlyRtg;cMNuc C edIm,IeFVI[bMlas;
TIRtg;cMNuc C esμIsUnü. EI Catémøefr.
8>11> kMNt;mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc B nigPaBdab
Gtibrmarbs;Fñwm. snμt; A CaTRmkl; nig
B CaTRmsnøak;. yk E = 200GPa /

I = 195(10 6 )mm 4 . eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;.

8>15> sRmab;FñwmkñúgcMeNaT 8>15 RbsinebI

F = P kMNt;bMlas;TIRtg;cMNuc D edayeRbI

RkLaépÞm:Um:g;. EI Catémøefr.
8>16> kMNt;mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc B nigPaBdab
8>12> FñwmrgbnÞúkBIr. eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g; Gtibrmarbs;Fñwm. yk E = 200GPa /
edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil nigbMlas;TIenARtg;cMNuc A I = 200(10 6 )mm 4 . eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;.

nigcMNuc B . EI Catémøefr.
Problems T.Chhay -277
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

8>20> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil
enARtg;cMNuc B nigPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc C .
8>17> etIeKRtUvdak;TRm A nigTRm B enARtg; EI Catémøefr.
cm¶ay a y:agNaedIm,I[PaBdabenAkNþal
ElVg rbs;FñwmesμInwgPaBdabenARtg;xagcug
rbs;va? eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;. TRmGnuvtþEt
kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrelIFñwmb:ueNÑaH. EI Catémø
efr. 8>21> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;PaB
dabRtg;cMNuc C nigmMurgVilrbs;FñwmRtg;cMNuc A /
B nig C . EI Catémøefr.

8>18> FñwmrgbnÞúkdUcbgðaj. eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞ

8>22> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil
m:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc B nigPaBda
Rtg;cMNuc C nigPaBdabRtg;cMNuc B . EI Ca
benARtg;cMNuc C . EI Catémøefr.
témøefr.

8>19> FñwmrgbnÞúkdUcbgðaj. RbsinebITRmenA

Rtg; A nig B GnuvtþEtkmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄreTA 8>23> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;témø
elIFñwm cUrkMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A nig rbs; a EdleFVI[mMurgVilRtg; A esμIsUnü. EI Ca
bMlas;TIenA Rtg;cMNuc C . eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞ témøefr.
m:Um:g;. EI Ca témøefr.

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mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

8>24> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil 8>28> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil nig

Rtg;cMNuc C nigbMlas;TIRtg;cMNuc B . EI Ca bMlas;TIRtg; A . EI Catémøefr.
témøefr.

8>25> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;mMurgVil 8>29> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIRtg;

Rtg;cMNuc B nigbMlas;TIRtg;cMNuc C . Ggát;enH C nigmMurgVilRtg; A / B nig C . EI Catémø

eFVIGMBIEdk A-36 Edlman I = 32(106 )mm 4 . efr.

8>30> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilRtg;
8>26> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;bMlas; B nig bMlas;TIRtg; C . EI Catémøefr.
TIRtg;cMNuc B nig mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc A . EI Ca
témøefr.

8>27> eRbIRTwsþIRkLaépÞm:Um:g;edIm,IkMNt;bMlas; 8>31> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilnig

TIRtg;cMNuc C . yk E = 200GPa / I = bMlas;TIRtg; C . E = 200GPa /
I = 70(10 6 )mm 4 .
500(10 6 )mm 4 .

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8>36> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIRtg;
8>32> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilnig B nigmMurgVilRtg; A . snμt;faTRmRtg; A CaTRm
bMlas;TIRtg; C . snμt; A CaTRmsnøak; nig B Ca snøak; nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Catémøefr.
TRmkl;. EI Ca témøefr.

8>33> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilnig 8>37> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIRtg;

bMlas;TIRtg; C . E = 200GPa / D nigmMurgVilRtg; C . snμt;faTRmRtg; A CaTRm

I = 400(10 6 )mm 4 . bgáb; nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Catémøefr.

8>34> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIRtg;
A . snμt; B CaTRmkl;. E = 200GPa / 8>38> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilEdlenA
I = 80(10 6 )mm 4 . xagsþaM nigxageqVgrbs; B bnþic. ehIykMNt;
PaBdabenARtg; D . snμt;faFñwmenHmanTRm
bgáb;enARtg; A nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Catémø
efr.

8>35> eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilRtg; C
nigbMlas;TIRtg; B . EI Catémøefr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -280

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(> PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl
(Deflection Using Energy method)

CMBUkenHnwgbgðajBIrebobGnuvtþviFIfamBledIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaEdlBak;B½n§nwgmMurgVil nigPaB
dab. CMBUkenHcab;epþImCamYynwgkarBiPakSaBIkmμnþ (work) nigfamBlénbERmbRmYlrageFob (strain
energy) EdlbnþedaykarbegáIteKalkarN_kmμnþ nigeKalkarN_famBl. bnÞab;mkviFIkmμnþnimitþ

(virtual work) nigRTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU (Castigliano’s theorem) RtUv)anbegáIt ehIyviFIenHRtUv)aneRbI

edIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNucmYyenAelI truss, Fñwm nig eRKag.

(>!>kmμnþxageRkA nigfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFob (External work and strain energy)

viFIBak;kNþalRkaPicEdlbgðajenAkñúgCMBUkelIkmunKWmanRbsiT§PaBsRmab;rkbMlas;TI nigmMu
rgVilRtg;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwmEdlrgbnÞúkEdlmanlkçN³samBaØ. sRmab;bnÞúkEdlmanlkçN³sμúK
sμaj b¤sRmab;rcnasm<½n§dUcCa truss nigeRKag eKesñI[eRbIviFIfamBlsRmab;karKNnabMlas;TI nig
mMurgVil. viFIfamBlPaKeRcInEp¥kelIeKalkarN_rkSafamBl (conservation of energy principle)
Edlbgðajfakmμnþ U e EdleFVIedaykmøaMgxageRkATaMgGs;EdlmanGMeBIenAelIeRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)anbMElg
eTACakmμnþxagkñúg b¤famBlbERmbRmYYlrageFob U i EdlRtUv)anbegáItenAeBleRKOgbgÁúMxUcRTg;
RTay. RbsinebI kMhUcRTg;RTayminFMCagEdnkMNt;eGLasÞicrbs;smÖar³ enaHfamBlbERmbRmYlrag
eFobeGLasÞic (elastic stain energy) nwgeFVI[rcnasm<½n§RtLb;eTArksßanPaBedImenAeBlEdleKdk
bnÞúkecjvij. eKGacsMEdgeKalkarN_rkSafamBlCalkçN³KNitviTüadUcxageRkam³
Ue = Ui (9-1)
b:uEnþ munnwgbegáItviFIfamBlEdlQrelIeKalkarN_enH dMbUgeyIgRtUvkMNt;kmμnþxageRkA nig
famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlbgáeLIgedaykmøaMg nigm:Um:g;. karbegáItrUbmnþenHnwgpþl;nUgmUldæan
sRmab;yl;dwgBIviFIkmμnþ nigviFIfamBldUcteTA.
kmμnþxageRkAEdlekItBIkmøaMg³ enAeBlkmøaMg F eFVI[manbMlas;TI dx kñúgTisdUcnwgTisrbs;kmøaMg
kmμnþEdleFVI)anKW dU e = Fdx . RbsinebIbMlas;TIsrubKW x kmμnþnwgkøayCa
x
U e = ∫ Fdx (9-2)
0

BicarNa\T§iBlEdlbgáeLIgedaykmøaMgtamG½kSEdlGnuvtþenAxagcugr)arEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-
1a. edaysarTMhMrbs; F ekIneLIgBItémøsUnüeTAtémøkMNt; F = P enaHsac;lUtrbs;r)arnwgkøayCa
Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -281
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Δ. RbsinebIsmÖar³rbs;r)areKarBtameGLasÞiclIenEG‘r enaH F = (P / Δ )x . edayCMnYsvaeTAkñúg

smIkar 9-2 nigedayeFVIGaMgetRkalBI 0 eTA Δ enaHeyIgnwg)an
1
Ue = PΔ (9-3)
2
EdlCaRkLaépÞRtIekaNEdlqUtenAkñúgrUbTI 9-1a.
eyIgk¾Gacsnñidæan)anfakmøaMgRtUv)anGnuvtþbnþicmþg²eTAelIr)ar ehIyTMhMrbs;vaekIneLIgCa
lkçN³bnÞat;BIsUnüeTAdl; P kmμnþEdleFVI)anesμInwgkmøaMgmFüm ¬ P / 2 ¦ KuNnwgbMlas;TI ¬ Δ ¦.

]bmafaeK)anGnuvtþkmøaMg P eTAelIr)arrYcehIy ehIyeKGnuvtþkmøaMg F ' mYyepSgeTot dUcenH

r)arxUcRTg;RTayEfmeTotedayTMhM Δ' ¬rUbTI 9-1b¦. enaHkmμnþEdleFVIeday P ¬minEmn F ' ¦ enA
eBlr)arrgnUvkMhUcRTg;RTay Δ' EfmeTotKW
U e ' = PΔ ' (9-4)
enATIenHkmμnþCaRkLaépÞctuekaNqUtenAkñúgrUbTI 9-1b. enAkñúgkrNIenH P min)anpøas;bþÚrRbEvgrbs;
r)areT eday Δ' RtUv)anbgáeLIgedaysarEt F ' b:ueNÑaH. dUcenH kmμnþrbs;vaesμInwgplKuNrvagkmøaMg
P nigbMlas;TI Δ ' .
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -282
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Casegçb enAeBleKGnuvtþkmøaMg P eTAelIr)ar ehIybnÞab;mkGnuvtþkmøaMg F ' kmøaMgsrubEdl

eFVI)anedaykmøaMgTaMgBIrKWsMEdgedayRkLaépÞRtIekaN ACE enAkñúgrUbTI 9-1b. RkLaépÞRtIekaN
ABG CakmμnþénkmøaMg P EdlbgáeLIgedaybMlas;TI Δ rbs;kmøaMgenH/ RtIekaN BCD CakmμnþénkmøaMg

F ' edaysarkmøaMgenHbgá[manbMlas;TI Δ' ehIycugeRkay RkLaépÞctuekaN BDEG CakmμnþbEnßm

EdleFVIedaykmøaMg P enAeBlbMlas;TI Δ' bgáeLIgedaykmøaMg F ' .

kmμnþxageRkAEdlekItBIm:Um:g;³ kmμnþénm:Um:g;RtUv)ankMNt;edayplKuNén
TMhMénm:Um:g; M nigmMu dθ Edlviledaysarm:Um:g;enaH Edl dU e = Mdθ /
rUbTI 9-2. RbsinebImMusrubrbs;mMurgVilKWθ ra:düg; enaH kmμnþkøayCa
θ
U e = ∫ Mdθ (9-5)
0

dUcenAkñúgkrNIkmøaMg RbsinebIeKGnuvtþm:Um:g;bnþicmþg²eTAelIrcnasm<½n§
EdlmanlkçN³eGLasÞic lIenEG‘rBIsUnüeTA M enaHkmμnþesμInwg
1
Ue = Mθ (9-6)
2
b:uEnþ RbsinebIeKGnuvtþm:Um:g;eTAelIrcnasm<½n§rYcehIy ehIykarGnuvtþm:Um:g;epSgeToteFVI[rcnasm<½n§
xUcRTg;RTayedaybrimaN θ ' enaHkmμnþénm:Um:g; M KW
U e ' = Mθ ' (9-7)
famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobedaysarbnÞúktamG½kS³
enAeBleKGnuvtþkmøaMgtam G½kS N bnþicmþg²eTAelIr)arenAkñúgrUbTI 9-3
vanwgeFVI[smÖar³manbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlkmμnþxageRkAEdleFVIeday N
RtUv)anbMElgeTACafamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlRtUv)anrkSaTukenAkñúg
r)ar ¬smIkar 9-1¦. c,ab;h‘Uk σ = Eε mann½ykñúgkrNIsmÖar³manlkçN³
eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r ehIyRbsinebIr)armanmuxkat; A efr nigRbEvg L ehIykug
RtaMgEkgKW σ = N / A nigbMEr bMrYlrageFobcugeRkayKW ε = Δ / L . Cavi)ak
N / A = E (Δ / L ) ehIyPaBdab cugeRkayKW
NL
Δ= (9-8)
AE
edayCMnYsvaeTAkñúgsmIkar 9-3 eday P = N dUcenHfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgr)arKW
N 2L
Ui = (9-9)
2 AE

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Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobedaysarm:Um:g;Bt;³ BicarNaFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-4a EdlxUcRTg;

RTayedaysarkarGnuvtþbnÞúk P nig w bnþicmþg². bnÞúkTaMgenHbegáItm:Um:g;Bt; M enAkñúgFñwmenARtg;
muxkat;EdlmancMgay x BITRmxageqVg. eKGackMNt;mMurgVilrbs;FatuGnnþtUc dx ¬rUbTI 9-4b¦
BIsmIkar 8-2 Edl dθ = (M / EI )dx . Cavi)ak eKkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFob
b¤kmμnþEdlrkSaTukenAkñúg Ggát;BIsmIkar 9-6 edaysarm:Um:g;Bt;ekIteLIgbnþicmþg². dUcenH
M 2 dx
dU i = (9-10)
2 EI
eKkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobsRmab;FñwmedayeFVIGaMgetRkaleTAelIsmIkar 9-10 elIRbEvg L
rbs;Fñwm. lT§plKW
L M 2 dx
Ui = ∫ (9-11)
0 2 EI

(>@> eKalkarN_kmμnþ nigfamBl (Principle of work and energy)

bnÞab;BIeyIg)ankMNt;rUbmnþsRmab;kmμnþ nigfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobsRmab;kmøaMg nig
m:Um:g;rYcehIy eyIgnwgbgðajBIrebobGnuvtþkarrkSafamBl b¤eKalkarN_kmμnþ nigfamBledIm,IkMNt;
bMlas;TI enARtg;cMNucmYyenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM. BicarNakñúgkarkMNt;bMlas;TI Δ enARtg;cMNucEdlkmøaMg
P Gnuvtþ eTAelIFñwmkugs‘ulenAkñúgrUbTI 9-5. BIsmIkar 9-3 kmμnþxageRkAKW U e = PΔ / 2 . edIm,ITTYl

)anfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFob dMbUgeyIgRtUvkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgTItaMg x enAkñúgFñwm bnÞab;

mkGnuvtþsmIkar 9-11. enAkñμúgkrNI M = − Px dUcenH
L (− Px ) dx
2
L M 2 dx 1 P 2 L3
Ui = ∫ =∫ =
0 2 EI 0 2 EI 6 EI
eday[kmμnþxagkñúgesμInwgfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobxagkñúgesμIKña ehIyedayedaHRsayrkbMlas;TI
Δ / eyIg)an

Ue = Ui

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -284

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

1 1 P 2 L3
PΔ =
2 6 EI
3
PL
Δ=
3EI
eTaHbICaeyIgGacTTYl)andMeNaHRsayedaypÞal;k¾eday EteKGacGnuvtþviFIenHsRmab;EtcMeNaT
eRCIserIsxøHb:ueNÑaH. eKRtUvcMNaMfa sRmab;viFIenHeKGacGnuvtþbnÞúk)anEtmYyb:ueNÑaHeTAelIeRKOgbgÁúM
BIeRBaH RbsinebImanbnÞúkeRcInCagmYymanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgÁúM enaHvanwgekItmanbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat
eRkamGMeBI énbnÞúknImYy² ehIyEdleKmanlT§PaBsresrsmIkarkmμnþEtmYysRmab;Fñwm. elIsBIenH
eKGacTTYl)anEtbMlas;TIeRkamGMeBIbnÞúk edaysarkmμnþxageRkAGaRs½ynwgkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIEdl
RtUvnwgkmøaMgenaH. viFIEtmYyedIm,ICMnHnUvkarkRmitenHKWeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ b¤RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU EdleyIg
nwgBnül;BIviFITaMgBIrenHenAkñúgkfaxNÐbnþbnÞab;.

(>#> eKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ (Principle of virtual work)

eKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday cn Eb‘nuyI (John Bernoulli) kñúgqñaM 1717
ehIyEdleBlxøHeK[eQμaHvafaviFIkmøaMgÉktþa. vapþl;nUvmeFüa)ayTUeTAedIm,ITTYl)anbMlas;TI
nigmMurgVilenARtg;cMNucCak;lak;enAelIeRKOgbgÁúM EdlGacCaFñwm eRKag b¤ truss.
munnwgbegáIteKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ eKcaM)ac;RtUveFVIBMenalTUeTAxøHGMeBIeKalkarN_kmμnþ nigfam-
Bl Edl)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐelIkmun. RbsinebIeyIgmanrcnasm<½n§EdlGacxUcRTg;RTayEdl
manrUbragTUeTANamYy ehIyGnuvtþes‘rIénbnÞúkxageRkA P eTAelIva vanwgekItmanbnÞúkxagkñúg u enAkñúg
rcnasm<½n§TaMgmUl. eKcaM)ac;[bnÞúkxageRkA nigbnÞúkxagkñúgmanTMnak;TMngKñaedaysmIkarlMnwg.
edaysarbnÞúkTaMgenH bMlas;TIxageRkA Δ nwgekItmanRtg;bnÞúk P ehIybMlas;TIxagkñúg δ nwgekItman
enARtg;cMNucnImYy²énbnÞúkxagkñúg u . CaTUeTA bMlas;TITaMgenHmincaM)ac;manlkçN³eGLasÞiceT
ehIy BYkvaGacminmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgbnÞúkeT b:uEnþbMlas;TIxagkñúg nigbMlas;TIxageRkARtUvEtman
TMnak;TMng KñaedayPaBRtUvKñaénbMlas;TI (compatibility of displacements).

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -285

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKGacniyaymü:ageTotfa Rbsin ebIeKsÁal;bMlas;TIxageRkA enaHeKGackMNt;bMlas;TIxagkñúgEdl

RtUvKña. CaTUeTA eKalkarN_kmμnþ nig famBlsMEdgfa³
∑ PΔ = ∑ uδ (9-12)

kmμnþénkmøaMgxageRkA kmμnþénkmøaMgxagkñúg
edayEp¥kelIKMnitenH eKGacbegáIteKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ. eyIgnwgBicarNarcnasm<½nþ ¬b¤GgÁ-
Fatu¦ EdlmanragTUeTAdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-6b . ]bmafa eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt;bMlas;TI Δ rbs;
*

cMNuc A enAelIGgÁFatuEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkBit P1 / P2 nig P3 . eKRtUvdwgfabnÞúkTaMgenHminbgá[

TRmcl½t b:uEnþCaTUeTABYkvaGaceFVI[smÖar³xUcRTg;RTayputBIEdneGLasÞic. edaysarminmanbnÞúk
xageRkAmanGMeBIeTAelIGgÁFatuenARtg;cMNuc A nigkñúgTisén Δ enaHeKGackMNt;bMlas;TIedaydak;
bnÞúknimitþ (virtual load) enAelIGgÁFatuEdlbnÞúk P' enHmanGMeBIenAkñúgTisedAdUcKñanwg Δ ¬rUbTI 9-
6a¦. edIm,IPaBgayRsYl ¬EdleXIjenAeBleRkay¦ eyIgnwgeRCIserIs P' CabnÞúkEdlmanTMhMmYy
Éktþa Edl P' = 1 . BakünimitþEdleRbICamYynwgbnÞúk P' edaysarvaminEmnCabnÞúkBit ehIyvak¾min
EmnCaEpñkénbnÞúkBit. bnÞúkÉktþa P' begáItCabnÞúkkñúgÉktþa u enAkñúgFatuEdlCatMNag b¤srésrbs;
GgÁFatuEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-6a. enATIenHeKtRmUv[ P' nig u manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgsmIkar
lMnwg . †

enAeBleKdak;bnÞúknimitþ bnÞab;mkeKGnuvtþbnÞúkBit P1 / P2 nig P3 ¬rUbTI 9-6b¦. cMNuc A eFVI

[manbMlas;TI Δ EdleFVI[FatuxUcRTg;RTayedayTMhM dL . CalT§pl kmøaMgnimitþxageRkA P' nigbnÞúk
*
ragTUeTAmanragCa truss/ Fñwm b¤eRKag.
†
eTaHbICabnÞúkTaMgenHbgá[manbMlas;TInimitþk¾eday k¾eyIgnwgminKitBITMhMrbs;vaEdr.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -286
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

nimitþxagkñúg u manGMeBItamTisrbs;bMlas;TI Δ nig dL erogKña dUcenHvaeFVI[mankmμnþnimitþ xageRkA

1 ⋅ Δ enAelIGgÁFatu nigeFVI[mankmμnþnimitþxagkñúg u ⋅ dL enAelIFatu. edaydwgfakmμnþnimitþxageRkAesμI

nwgkmμnþnimitþxagkñúgEdleFVIenAelIRKb;FatuTaMgGs;rbs;GgÁFatu eyIgGacsresr
smIkarkmμnþnimitþCa³
bnÞúknimitþ
1 ⋅ Δ = ∑ u ⋅ dL (9-13)
bMlas;TIBitR)akd
Edl P' = 1 = bnÞúknimitþÉktþaxageRkAEdlmanGMeBItamTisedArbs; Δ
u = bnÞúknimitþxagkñúgEdlmanGMeBIenAelIFatukñúgTisedArbs; dL

Δ = bMlas;TIxageRkAEdlbgáedaybnÞúkBit

dL = kMhUcRTg;RTayxagkñúgrbs;FatuEdlbgáedaybnÞúkBit

edayeRCIserIs P' = 1 eyIgGaceXIjfadMeNaHRsayrbs; Δ manlkçN³edaypÞal; edaysar

Δ = ∑ udL .

enAkñúgrebobdUcKña RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVil b¤CRmalénbnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNucenAelI

rcnasm<½n§ eKRtUvGnuvtþm:Um:g;nimitþ M ' EdlmanTMhMmYyÉktþa. Cavi)ak m:Um:g;xageRkAbegáItbnÞúknimitþ
uθ enAkñúgFatumYyrbs;GgÁFatu. edaysnμt;fabnÞúkBiteFVI[FatuxUcRTg;RTayedaybrimaN dL eK

GackMNt;mMurgVil θ BIsmIkarkmμnþnimitþ
bnÞúknimitþ
1 ⋅ θ = ∑ uθ ⋅ dL (9-14)
bMlas;TIBitR)akd
Edl M ' = 1 = m:Um:g;nimitþÉktþaxageRkAEdlmanGMeBItamTisedArbs;θ
uθ = bnÞúknimitþxagkñúgEdlmanGMeBIenAelIFatukñúgTisedArbs; dL

θ = bMlas;TIxageRkAEdlbgáedaybnÞúkBit
dL = kMhUcRTg;RTayxagkñúgrbs;FatuEdlbgáedaybnÞúkBit

viFIeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþCaerOy²eKehAfaviFIkmøaMgnimitþ edaysareKGackMNt;bMlas;TIBit
edayeRbIkmøaMgnimitþ. smIkarkmμnþnimitþenAkñúgkrNIenHCatRmUvkar RtUvKñaénbMlas;TIsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM.
eTaHbICaenATIenH vaminsMxan;k¾eday eyIgRtUvdwgfaeyIgk¾Gac GnuvtþeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþCaviFIbMlas;
TInimitþk¾)anEdr. enAkñúgkrNIenHeK[rcnasm<½nmanbMlas;TInimitþ xN³EdlvargbnÞúkBit. eKGaceRbI

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -287

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viFIenHedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAelI b¤enAkñúgrcnasm<½n§ EdleK GacsMEdgsmIkarkmμnþnimitþCatRmUvkarén

*

smIkarlMnwg.
(>$> viFIkmμnþnimitþsRmab; Trusses (Method of virtual work: Trusses)
eyIgGaceRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;tMN truss enAeBl truss rgbnÞúkxageRkA
bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB b¤kMhusqÁgkñúgkarplit. eyIgnwgsikSaBIsßanPaBnImYy²enATIenH.
bnÞúkxageRkA³ sakl,gBicarNabMlas;TIbBaÄr Δ rbs;tMN
B rbs; truss enAkñúgrUbTI 9-7. enATIenH Ggát;mYyrbs;

truss KMrUmanRbEvg L . RbsinebIbnÞúk P1 nig P2 manGMeBIelI

truss EdleRbIsmÖar³EdlmanlkçN³eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r
enaHGgát;enHnwgxUcRTg;RTayedaybrimaN ΔL = NL / AE
Edl N CakmøaMgEkg b¤kmøaMgtamG½kSenAkñúgGgát; EdlbgáedaykmøaMg. edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-13 dUc
enHsmIkarkmμnþnimitþsRmab; truss KW
nNL
1⋅ Δ = ∑ (9-15)
AE
Edl 1=kmøaMgnimitþÉktþaxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIelItMN truss enAkñúgTisedArbs; Δ .
n = kmøaMgEkgnimitþkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss EdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúknimitþÉktþaxageRkA.

Δ = bMlas;TIrbs;tMNEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkBitEdlmanGMeBIelI truss.

L = RbEvgrbs;Ggát;.

A = RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;.

E = m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;Ggát;.

karbegáItsmIkarenHGnuvtþtamkarerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 9-3. enATIenHbnÞúknimitþÉktþabegáIt

kmøaMgnimitþxagkñúg n enAkñúgGgát; truss nImYy². bnÞab;mkkmøaMgBiteFVI[tMN truss pøas;TI Δ kñúgTis
edAdUcKñanwgkmøaMgnimitþÉktþa ehIyGgát;nImYy²pøas;TIedayTMhM NL / AE kñúgTisedAdUcKñanwgTisrbs;
kmøaMg n . Cavi)ak kmμnþ 1 ⋅ Δ esμInwgkmμnþnimitþxagkñúg b¤famBlbERmbRmYlrag eFob¬nimitþ¦xagkñúg
EdlrkSaenAkñúgGgát; truss TaMgGs; Edl ∑ nNL / EA .
sItuNðPaB³ enAkñúgkrNIxøH Ggát; truss Gacpøas;bþÚrRbEvgrbs;BYkvaedaysarkMedA. RbsinebI α Caem
KuNlUtedaysarkMedAsRmab;Ggát; ehIy ΔT CabERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB
*
eKeRbIrebobenHenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 6.3 CamYynwgeKalkarN_m‘uyeyeRbsøÚ.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -288
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

enaHbERmbRmYlRbEvgrbs;Ggát;KW ΔL = α ⋅ ΔT ⋅ L . dUcenHeyIgGackMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;tMN truss

eRCIserIsNamYyEdlbNþalBIbMEr bMrYlsItuNðPaBBIsmIkar 9-13 EdlGacsresrCa
1 ⋅ Δ = ∑ nαΔT ⋅ L (9-16)
Edl 1= kmøaMgnimitþÉktþaxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIelItMN truss enAkñúgTisedArbs; Δ .
n = kmøaMgEkgnimitþkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss EdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúknimitþÉktþaxageRkA.

Δ = bMlas;TIrbs;tMNEdlbgáeLIgedaybERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB.

L = RbEvgrbs;Ggát;.

α = emKuNlUtedaysarkMedA.
ΔT = bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBrbs;Ggát;.

kMhusqÁgkñúgkarplit nigPaBekag³ eBlxøH kMhusqÁgkñúgkarplitGacekItmaneLIgcMeBaHRbEvgrbs;

Ggát;rbs; truss. ehIykñúgkrNIxøH eKplitGgát;rbs; truss manRbEvgEvg b¤xøICagbnþicedIm,IeFVI[
truss manPaBekag. CaerOy² eKRtUvkarPaBekagsRmab; truss s<anEdleKeFVI[Ggát;xageRkamrbs;

truss ekageLIgelICamYynwgTMhMsmmUleTAnwgPaBdabrbs;vaEdlekItBIbnÞúkGefrrbs;s<an. Rbsin

ebIGgát; truss xøI b¤EvgCagGVIEdlcg;)an eKGackMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;tMN truss BITItaMgrMBwgTukedaypÞal;

edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-13 EdlGacsresrCa
1 ⋅ Δ = ∑ nΔL (9-17)

Edl 1= kmøaMgnimitþÉktþaxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIelItMN truss enAkñúgTisedArbs; Δ .

n = kmøaMgEkgnimitþkñúgrbs;Ggát; truss EdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúknimitþÉktþaxageRkA.

Δ = bMlas;TIrbs;tMNEdlbgáeLIgedaykMhusqÁgkñúgkarplit.

ΔL = bERmbRmYlRbEvgrbs;Ggát;BITMhMEdlcg;)anrbs;vaEdlbNþalBIkMhusqÁgkñúgkarplit.

eKcaM)ac;RtUveFVIplbUkénGgÁxagsþaMénsmIkar 9-15 rhUtdl; 9-17 RbsinebIbnÞúkxageRkAmanGMeBIeTA

elI truss ehIyGgát;rbs; truss xøHrgnUvbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB b¤mankMhusqÁgkñúgkarplit.
dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)
CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIsRmab;kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;tMNén truss edayeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ
kmøaMgnimitþ n
 dak;kmøaMgmYyÉktþaenAelI truss enARtg;tMNEdlRtUvkarkMNt;rkbMlas;TI. bnÞúkenHRtUvman
TisedAdUcnwgTisedArbs;bMlas;TI eBalKWedk b¤Qr.
Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -289
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

 CamYynwgbnÞúkÉktþaEdldak;elI truss eKRtUvdkbnÞúkBitEdlmanGMeBIelI truss ecjTaMgGs;

rYceRbIviFItMN b¤viFImuxkat;edIm,IKNnakmøaMgkñúg n enAkñúgGgát; truss nImYy². snμt;fakmøaMg
TajviC¢man nigkmøaMgsgát;GviC¢man.
kmøaMgBit N
 eRbIviFImuxkat; b¤viFItMNedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMg N enAkñúgGgát;nImYy². kmøaMgTaMgenHbgáeLIgeday
sarEtkmøaMgBitmanGMeBIelI truss Etb:ueNÑaH. dUcKña eKRtUvsnμt;fakmøaMgTajviC¢man ehIy
kmøaMgsgát;GviC¢man.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ
 GnuvtþsmIkarkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIEdlcg;)an. eKcaM)ac;rkSaPaBdUcKñaénkarsnμt;
sBaØaBiCKNitrbs;kmøaMg n nigkmøaMg N enAeBlCMnYsvaeTAkñúgsmIkar.
 RbsinebI ∑ nNL / EA viC¢man bMlas;TI Δ manTisedAdUcTisedArbs;bnÞúkÉktþa. RbsinebI lT§-
plmantémøGviC¢man Δ nwgmanTisedApÞúynwgTisedArbs;bnÞúkÉktþa.
 enAeBlGnuvtþ1⋅ Δ = ∑ n ⋅α ⋅ ΔT ⋅ L eKRtUvdwgfaRbsinebIGgát;nImYy²rgnUvkMeNInsItuNðPaB
enaH ΔT nwgviC¢man b:uEnþebIsItuNðPaBEdlfycuHvanwgeFVI[ ΔT GviC¢man.
 sRmab; 1 ⋅ Δ = ∑ n ⋅ ΔL enAeBlEdlkMhusqÁgkñúgkarpliteFVI[RbEvgrbs;Ggát;EvgCagmun
ΔL nwgviC¢man b:uEnþebIRbEvgrbs;vaxøICagmun enaH ΔL nwgGviC¢man.

]TahrN_ 9-1³ kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄrrbs;tMN C én truss EdkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-8a. RkLa

épÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²KW A = 300mm 2 ehIy E = 200GPa .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgnimitþ n³ eKdak;EtbnÞúk1kN enARtg;tMNC ehIyeKedaHRsaykmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²edayeRbI
viFItMN. lT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-8b. elxviC¢manbgðajkmøaMgTaj ehIyelxGviC¢man
bgðajkmøaMgsgát;.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -290
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

kmøaMgBit N³ kmøaMgBitenAkñúgGgát;RtUv)anKNnaedayeRbIviFItMN. lT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-

8c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ edayerobcMTinñn½yenAkñúgtarag eyIg)an

2
⋅m
dUcenH 1kN ⋅ Δ C = ∑
nNL 369.6kN
AE
=v
AE
edayCMnYstémøCaelxsRmab; A nig E eyIg)an
396.6kN 2 ⋅ m
1kN ⋅ Δ C v =
[300(10 )m ][200(10 )kN / m ]
−6 2 6 2

Δ C v = 0.00616m = 6.16mm

]TahrN_ 9-2³ RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²rbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-9a KW A =

400mm 2 ehIy E = 200GPa . (a) kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN C RbsinebIeKdak;kmøaMg
4kN eTAelI truss Rtg;tMN C. (b) RbsinKμanbnÞúkmanGMeBIelI truss cUrkMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQr

rbs;tMN C RbsinebIGgát; AB manRbEvgxøICamun 5mm .

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -291

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dMeNaHRsay³
(a)
kmøaMgnimitþ n³ edaysareKRtUvkarrkbMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMNC dUcenHeKRtUvdak;kmøaMgnimitþ 1kN
enARtg;tMNC edaymanTisQr. xñatrbs;kmøaMgRtUvdUcKñanwgxñatrbs;kmøaMgBit. eKRtUvKNnakmøaMg
RbtikmμenARtg;tMN A nigtMN B nigkMNt;kmøaMg n enAkñúgGgát;nImYy²edayviFItMNdUcbgðajenAkñúg
düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;tMN A nigtMN B ¬rUbTI 9-9b¦.
kmøaMgBit N³ karviPaKtMN A nigtMN B enAeBleKdak;kmøaMgBit 4kN eTAelI truss RtUv)an[enA
kñúgrUbTI 9-9c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ edaysar AE efr eKGacKNna nigerobtY nNL enAkñúgtarag. enATIenHsBaØaviC¢man
bgðajfakmøaMgTaj nigsBaØaGviC¢manbgðajkmøaMgGviC¢man.

nNL 10.67kN ⋅ m 2
dUcenH 1kN ⋅ Δ C = ∑
AE
=v
AE
edayCMnYstémø A = 400mm 2 = 400(10−6 )m 2 nig E = 200GPa = 200(106 )kN / m 2 eyIg)an
10.67 kN 2 ⋅ m
1kN ⋅ Δ C v =
[400(10 )m ][200(10 )kN / m ]
−6 2 6 2

Δ C v = 0.000133m = 0.133mm
(b)
enATIenH eyIgRtUvGnuvtþsmIkar 9-17. edaysareKRtUvkarkMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrRtg;tMN C eyIg
GaceRbIlT§plrbs;rUbTI 9-7b. manEtGgát; AB b:ueNÑaHEdlrgbERmbRmYlRbEvg eBalKW
ΔL = −5mm . dUcenH

1⋅ Δ = ∑ nΔL
1kN ⋅ Δ C v = (0.667 kN )(− 0.005m )

Δ C v = −0.00333m = −3.33mm

sBaØadkbgðajfatMN C bMlas;TIeLIgelI EdlpÞúyBIkmøaMgbBaÄr1kN . cMNaMfa RbsinebIKitTaMgkmøaMg

4kN nigkMhusqÁgkñúgkarplitbBa©ÚlKña enaHbMlas;TIsrubKW Δ C = 0.133 − 3.33 = −3.20mm ¬eLIg
v

elI¦.

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -292

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 9-3³ kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄrrbs;tMN C én truss EdkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-10a.

edaysarkMedAEdlPayecjBICBa¢aMg Ggát; AD rgnUvkMeNInsItuNðPaB ΔT = +60o C . yk α =
1.08(10 −5 )/ o C nig E = 200GPa . RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgnimitþ n³ eKdak;kmøaMgbBaÄr 1kN eTAelI truss enARtg;tMN C ehIyKNnakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;
¬rUbTI 9-10b¦.
kmøaMgBit N³ edaysarkmøaMg n enAkñúgGgát; AB nigGgát; BC esμIsUnü enaHeKmincaM)ac;kMNt;kmøaMg
N enAkñúgGgát;TaMgenaHeT. ehtuGVI? EtsRmab;karKNnaeBjelj karviPaKkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;TaMg

Gs;EdlekItBIkmøaMgBitxageRkARtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-10c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ bnÞúk nigkMedAeFVI[ truss xUcRTg;RTay dUcenHeKRtUvKitsmIkar 9-15 nigsmIkar 9-
18 bBa©ÚlKña. edaybMEbkxñat[)anRtwmRtUv eyIg)an
nNL
1⋅ Δ C v = ∑ + ∑ nαΔTL
AE
0.75(600 )(1.8) (1)(400)(2.4)
Δ Cv =
( )[ ( )]
−6
1200 10 200 10 ( )[ ( )]
6
+
1200 10 − 6 200 10 6

( )[ ( )] [ ( )]
+
(− 1.25)(− 500)(3) + (1)1.08 10 − 5 (60)(2.4)
900 10 − 6 200 10 6
Δ C v = 0.00193m = 19.3mm

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Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

(>%> viFIkmμnþnimitþsRmab;Fñwm nigeRKag (Method of virtual work: beams and

frames)
eKk¾GaceRbiviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;PaBdabrbs;Fñwm nigeRKag. edaysarbERmbRmYlrageFob
EdlekIteLIgedaysarkarBt;CaktþasMxan;kñúgkareFVI[Fñwm nigeRKagmanPaBdab dMbUgeyIgniwgBiPakSa
BI\T§iBlenH. eyIgnwgBiPakSaBIPaBdabEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS kmøaMgrmYl nigbERm
bRmYlsItuNðPaBenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 9-6.

tamry³eKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ b¤viFIkmøaMgnimitþ eKGacbegáItrUbmnþsRmab;PaBdabrbs;Fñwm nig

PaBrbs;eRKagedayBicarNaelIFñwmEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-11a. enATIenH eKRtUvkarkMNt;
bMlas;TI Δ rbs;cMNuc A . edIm,IkMNt; Δ eKRtUvdak;kmøaMgÉktþaEdlmanGMeBIenAelIFñwmRtg;cMNuc A
tamTisedArbs; Δ ehIyeKRtUvkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;nimitþ m edayviFImuxkat;enARtg;TItaMg x NamYyBITRm
xageqVg ¬rUbTI 9-11b¦. enAeBlkmøaMgBitmanGMeBIelIFñwm ¬rUbTI 9-11a¦ cMNuc A pøas;TI)an Δ .
kñúg krNIEdlkmøaMgTaMgenHeFVI[smÖar³eFVIkarenAkñúgtMbn;eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r enaHBIsmIkar 8-2 Fatu
dx xUcRTg;RTay b¤vil)an dθ = (M / EI )dx *. enATIenH M Cam:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; x EdlbgáeLIgeday

kmøaMgBit. dUcenH kmμnþnimitþxageRkAEdleFVIedaykmøaMgÉktþaKW 1 ⋅ Δ ehIykmμnþnimitþxagkñúgEdleFVI

edaym:Um:g; m KW m ⋅ dθ = m(M / EI )dx . plbUkén\T§iBlenAelIFatu dx TaMgGs;tambeNþayFñwm
tRmUv[mankareFVIGaMgetRkal dUcenHsmIkar 9-13 køayCa
L mM
1⋅ Δ = ∫ dx (9-18)
0 EI

Edl 1= kmøaMgnimitþÉktþaxageRkAEdlmanGMeBIenAelIFñwm b¤eRKagenAkñúgTisedArbs; Δ .

*
rMlwkfa RbsinebIsmÖar³manbERmbRmYlrageFobhYsEdneGLasÞicrbs;va eKk¾GacenAEteRbIeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ)anEdr
eTaH bICaenAkñúgenHeKRtuvkareRbIkarviPaK nonlinear b¤)øasÞick¾eday.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -294
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

m=m:Um:g;Bt;nimitþenAkñúgFñwm b¤eRKag EdlsresrCaGnuKmn_én x nigEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúk

nimitþÉktþaxageRkA.
Δ = bMlas;TIrbs;cMNucEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkBitEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm b¤eRKag.

M = m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwm b¤eRKag EdlRtUv)ansresrCaGnuKmn_én x ehIyvabgáeLIgeday

kmøaMgBit.
I = m:Um:g;niclPaBénRkLaépÞmuxkat; EdlRtUv)anKNnaeFobnwgG½kSNWt.

E = m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;Ggát;.

tamrebobdUcKña RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVil θ enARtg;cMNucNamYyrbs;Fñwm eKRtUvdak;m:Um:g;mYy

ÉktþaenARtg;cMNucenaH ehIyeKRtUvkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt; mθ EdlRtUvKña. edaysarkmμnþénm:Um:g;mYyÉktþaKW
L mθ M
1⋅θ = ∫ dx (9-19)
0 EI
enAeBlGnuvtþsmIkar 9-18 nig 9-19 eKcaM)ac;RtUvdwgfaGaMgetRkalkMNt;énGgÁxagsþaMCabri-
maNénfamBlbERmbRmYlragnimitþEdlrkSaTukenAkñúgFñwm. RbsinebIkmøaMgcMcMNuc b¤m:Um:g;xageRkAeFVI
GMeBIenAelIFñwm b¤k¾bnÞúkBRgaymanlkçN³minCab; eKminGaceFVIGaMgetRkalEtmYyenAelIRbEvgTaMgmUl
rbs;Fñwm)aneT KWeKRtUveRCIserIskUGredaen x dac;edayELkenAkñúgtMbn;EdlKμanbnÞúkEdlmanlkçN³
minCab; ehIykUGredaenrbs; x nImYy²mincaM)ac;mancMNuceKalEtmYyeT b:uEnþkUGredaenrbs; x Edl
eRCIserIs sRmab;kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt; M BitRtUvEtdUcKñanwgkUGredaen x EdleRCIserIssRmab;kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;
nimitþ m b¤ mθ enAkñúgtMbn;dUcKña. ]TahrN_ BicarNaFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-12. edIm,IkMNt;
bMlas;TIrbs; D eKRtUvBicarNabYntMbn; dUcenHeKRtUvedaHRsayGaMgetRkalEdlmanTRmg;
∫ (mM / EI )dx . eyIgGac eRbI x1 edIm,IkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgtMbn; AB / x2 sRmab;
tMbn; BC / x3 sRmab;tMbn; DE nig x4 sRmab;tMbn; DC . enARKb;krNITaMgGs; eKeRCIserIs x y:agNa
edIm,IkMNt; M nig m ¬b¤ mθ ¦ y:ag gay.

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PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -296

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GaMgetRkaledayeRbItarag³ enAeBlrcnasm<½n§rgbnÞúkEdlmanlkçN³samBaØ ehIydMeNaHRsay

sRmab;bMlas;TIminRtUvkarGaMgetRkaleRcIn eKGaceRbIviFItamtaragedIm,IedaHRsayGaMgetRkal.
edIm,I eFVIEbbenH dMbUgeKRtUvKUrdüaRkamm:Um:g;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²sRmab;bnÞúkBit nigbnÞúknimitþ. eday
pÁÚpÁgdüaRkamsRmab; m nig M CamYynwgtaragsRmab;KNna ∫0L mm' dx xageRkam eKGackMNt;
GaMgetRkal ∫ mMdx BIrUbmnþsmRsb. ]TahrN_ 9-6 nig 9-8 bgðajBIkarGnuvtþviFIenH.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

eKGaceRbICMhanxageRkamedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI nig/b¤mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucmYyenAelIExSekag
eGLasÞicrbs;Fñwm b¤eRKagedayeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.
m:Um:g;Bt;nimitþ m b¤ m θ

 dak;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIFñwm b¤eRKagenARtg;cMNucEdleyIgRtUvkarrkbMlas;TIedaymanTisdUcKña.
 RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVil eKRtUvdak;m:Um:g;xageRkAmYyÉktþaenARtg;cMNucEdlcg;rk.
 begáItkUGredaen x smRsbEdlmann½yenAkñúgtMbn;rbs;Fñwm b¤eRKagEdlminmanPaBdac;én
bnÞúkBit b¤bnÞúknimitþ.
 CamYynwgkardak;bnÞúknimitþ eKRtUvdkbnÞúkBitTaMgGs;ecjBIFñwm b¤eRKag ehIyKNnam:Um:g;Bt;
m b¤ mθ CaGnuKmn_énkUGredaennImYy².

 snμt; m b¤ mθ eFVIGMeBIkñúgTisedAviC¢mandUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4-1.

m:Um:g;Bt;Bit
 edayeRbIkUGredaen x dUcKñanwgkarbegáItsRmab;KNna m nig mθ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt; M Edl
bNþalBIkmøaMgBit.
 edaysareKsnμt; m b¤ mθ manGMeBIkñúgTisedAviC¢man eKcaM)ac;RtUv[ M EdlmanTMhMviC¢man
manGMeBIkñúgTisedAdUcKña BIeRBaHkmμnþxagkñúgviC¢man nigkmμnþxagkñúgGviC¢manGaRs½ynwgTisedA
rbs;bnÞúk ¬EdlkMNt;eday ± m b¤ ± mθ ¦ nigTisedArbs;bMlas;TI ¬EdlkMNt;eday
± Mdx / EI ¦.

smIkarkmμnþnimitþ
 GnuvtþsmIkarkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas; Δ b¤mMurgVil θ Edlcg;)an. eKcaM)ac;RtUvrkSasBaØa
BiCKNitrbs;GaMgetRkalnImYy²EdlKNnaCamYynwgtMbn;kMNt;Cak;lak;rbs;va.

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -298

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

 RbsinebIplbUkBiCKNitrbs;GaMgetRkalTaMgGs;sRmab;Fñwm b¤eRKagTaMgmUlviC¢man enaH Δ

nig θ manTisedAdUcKñanwgbnÞúknimitþÉktþa b¤m:Um:g;nimitþÉktþa erogKña. RbsinebIlT§plrbs;va
GviC¢man enaHTisedArbs; Δ b¤ θ nwgpÞúyBITisedArbs;bnÞúknimitþÉktþa nigm:Um:g;nimitþÉktþa.

]TahrN_ 9-4³ kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc B rbs;FñwmEdkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-13. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 500 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;nimitþ m³ eKTTYlbMlas;TItamTisbBaÄrrbs;cMNuc B edaydak;bnÞúknimitþÉktþa1kN enARtg;
cMNuc B rUbTI 9-13b. edaykarGegát eyIgeXIjfaminmanPaBdac;énbnÞúkBIt nigbnÞúknimitþenAelI
FñwmeT. dUcenH eKGaceRbIkUGredaenH x EtmYyedIm,IkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþ. eKeRCIs
erIseKalrbs; x Rtg;cMNuc B edaysareKminRtUvkarrkkmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;
Bt; m nig M . edayeRbIviFImuxkat; smIkarrbs;m:Um:g;Bt; m RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-13b.
m:Um:g;Bit M³ edayeRbIkUGredaen x dUcKña smIkarm:Um:g;Bt; M RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-13c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs; B KW
L mM 10 (− 1x )(− 6 x 2 )dx
1kN ⋅ Δ B = ∫0dx =
EI ∫0 EI

1kN ⋅ Δ B =
( )
15 10 3 kN 2 .m 3
EI

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b¤ ΔB =
( ) 15 103 kN .m 3
200(10 )kN / m (500(10 )mm )⎛⎜10 −12
m 4 / mm ⎞⎟
4
6 2 6 4
⎝ ⎠
= 0.150m = 150mm

]TahrN_ 9-5³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A rbs;FñwmEdkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-14. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 60 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;nimitþ m ³ eKTTYl)anmMurgVilRtg;cMNuc A edaydak;m:Um:g;nimitþÉktþa1kN.m enARtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI
θ

9-14b¦. eKk¾GaceRbIkUGredaen x EtmYyedIm,IkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþ. kUGredaen

enH maneKalenARtg;cMNuc A edIm,Irkm:Um:g;Bt; mθ nig M . edayeRbIviFImuxkat; smIkarm:Um:g;Bt; mθ
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-14b.
m:Um:g;Bit M³ edayeRbIkUGredaen x dUcKña smIkarm:Um:g;Bt; M RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-14c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A KW
mθ M
(1kN .m )θ A = ∫0
L
dx
EI
⎛ 3⎞
(− 1)⎜⎜ − x ⎟⎟
=∫
3 ⎝ 3 ⎠ dx
0 EI
1 3 3
3EI ∫0
= x dx
6.75
=
( ) ( ( ) )(
200 10 kN / m 60 10 6 mm 4 10 −12 m 4 / mm 4
6 2
)
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -300
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

b¤ θ A = 0.000563rad

]TahrN_ 9-6³ kMNt;mMurgVilθ enARtg;cMNuc B rbs;FñwmEdkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-15a. yk

/
E = 200GPa I = 60 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;nimitþ m ³ eKkMNt;mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc B edaydak;m:Um:g;nimitþÉktþa1kN.m enARtg;cMNuc B ¬rUbTI 9-
θ

15b¦. enATIenH eKRtUveRCIserIskUGredaen x cMnYnBIr edIm,IkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþenA

kñúgFñwm. eKKNnafamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgGgát; AB nigGgát; BC edayeRbIkUGredaen x1 nig
x 2 erogKña. eKKNnam:Um:g;Bt; mθ enAkñúgGgát;nImYy²edayeRbIviFImuxkat;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-15b.

m:Um:g;Bit M³ edayeRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 dUcKña enaHsmIkarm:Um:g;Bt; M RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

9-15c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc B RtUv)an[eday

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mθ M
L
1⋅θ B = ∫ dx
0 EI
5 (0 )(− 3 x1 )dx1 5 (1)[− 3(5 + x 2 )]dx 2
=∫ +∫
0 EI 0 EI
− 112.5kN .m 2
θB = (1)
EI
eyIgk¾GacKNnaGaMgetRkal ∫ mθ Mdx tamRkaPicedayeRbItaragsRmab;KNnaGaMgetRkalxagelI
∫0 mm' dx . dMbUgeKcaM)ac;KUrdüaRkamm:Um:g; sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 9-15b nig 9-15c. ehIydüa
L

Rkamm:Um:g;TaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-15d nig 9-15e erogKña. edaysarvaKμanm:Um:g; m

sRmab; 0 ≤ x < 5m eyIgGaceRbIEtRkLaépÞqUtragctuekaN nigRkLaépÞqUtragctuekaNBñayedIm,I
KNnaGaMgetRkal. edayrkrUbragsmRsbTaMgenHenAkñúgCYredk nigCYrQrrbs;tarag eyIgman
mθ (M 1 + M 2 )L = (1)(− 15 − 30 )5
10 1 1
∫5 mθ Mdx =
2 2

= −112.5kN 2 .m 3
témøenHdUcKñanwglT§plEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgsmIkar (1). dUcenH
− 112.5kN 2 .m 3
(1kN .m )θ B =
( ) [ ( ) ](
200 10 6 kN / m 2 60 10 6 mm 4 10 −12 m 4 / mm 4 )
θ B = −0.00928rad
sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfa θ B manTisedApÞúyeTAnwgTisedArbs;m:Um:g;nimitþEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-15b.

]TahrN_ 9-7³ kMNt;bMlas;TIenARtg;cMNuc D rbs;FñwmEdkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-16a. yk

/
E = 200GPa I = 300 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .
dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;nimitþ m³ FñwmrgkmøaMgnimitþÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc D dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-16b. tamkarGegát eK
RtUveRbIkUGredaenbIdUcCa x1 / x2 nig x3 edIm,IRKbdNþb;RKb;tMbn;TaMgGs;rbs;Fñwm. cMNaMfa kUGredaen
TaMgenHRKbdNþb;tMbn;EdlbnÞúkBit b¤bnÞúknimitþEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwmminmanPaBdac;. eKKNnam:Um:g;Bt;
m enAkñúgrUbTI 9-16b edayeRbIviFImuxkat;.

m:Um:g;Bit M³ dMbUgeKRtUvkMNt;Rbtikmμrbs;Fñwm bnÞab;mkedayeRbIIkUGredaen x dUcKñanwgkUGredaenEdl

eRbIsRmab;KNna m eKkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt; M dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-16c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ edayGnuvtþsmIkarkmμnþnimitþeTAelIFñwmedayeRbITinñn½yenAkñúgrUbTI 9-16b nig 9-
16c eyIg)an
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -302
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

L mM
1⋅ Δ D = ∫ dx
0 EI
4.5 (− 1x1 )(0 )dx1 3 (0.75 x 2 − 4.5)(35 x 2 )dx 2 3 (− 0.75 x3 )(120 − 5 x3 )
=∫ +∫ +∫ dx3
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
0 472.5 371.25 843.75kN .m 3
ΔD = − − =−
EI EI EI EI
− 843.75kN .m 3
b¤ ΔD =
[200(10 kN / m )][300(10 )(10 )m ]
6 2 6 −12 4

= −0.0141m = −14.1mm
sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfabMlas;TImanTiseLIgelI EdlpÞúyeTAnwgTisedAcuHeRkamrbs;bnÞúkÉktþa ¬rUbTI
9-16b¦. ehIycMNaMfa eKmincaM)ac;KNna m1 edaysar M 1 = 0 .

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]TahrN_ 9-8³ kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkenARtg;cMNuc C enAelIeRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-

17a. yk E = 200GPa / I = 235(106 )mm 4 sRmab;Ggát;TaMgBIr.

dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;nimitþ m³ edIm,IPaBgayRsYl eyIgnwgeRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 enAkñúgrUbTI 9-17a. bnÞúkmYy
ÉktþaRtUv)andak;enARtg;cMNuc C rUbTI 9-17b. ehtuGVI? kmøaMgRbtikmμ nigm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anKNnadUc
bgðaj.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -304
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

m:Um:g;Bit M³ tamrebobdUcKña kmøaMgRbtikmμ nigm:Um:g;Bt; M BitRtUv)anKNna nigbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-

17c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ edayeRbITinñn½yenAkñúgrUbTI 9-17b nig 9-17c eyIg)an
3 (1x1 )(180 x1 − 30 x1 )dx1 2.4 (1.25 x 2 )(112.5 x 2 )dx 2
2
L mM
1⋅ Δ C =
h ∫0
dx =
EI ∫0 EI
+ ∫0 EI
1012.5 648 1660.5kN .m 3
Δ Ch = + = (1)
EI EI EI
eKk¾GaceFVIGaMgetRkal ∫ mMdx tamRkaPicedayeRbItaragsRmab;KNnaGaMgetRkal ∫0L mm' dx . düa
Rkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagenAkñúg rUbTI 9-17b nig 9-17c RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-17d nig 9-
17e erogKña. dUcenH edayeRbIrUbmnþ sRmab;ragRsedogKñaenAkñúgtaragsRmab;KNnaGaMgetRkal
∫0 mm' dx eyIg)an
L

∫ mMdx = 12 (3)(270)(3) + 3 (3)(270)(2.4)

5 1

= 1012.5 + 648 = 1660.5kN 2 .m 3

lT§plenHdUcKñaeTAnwglT§plEdl)anBIkarKNnaenAkñúgsmIkar (1). dUcenH
1660.5kN .m 3
Δ Ch =
[200(10 )kN / m ][235(10 )(10 )m ]
6 2 6 −12 4

= 0.0353m = 35.3mm

]TahrN_ 9-9³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc C rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-18a. yk

/
E = 200GPa I = 15 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -305

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dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;nimitþ m ³ eKRtUveRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-18a. eKRtUvdak;m:Um:g;mYy
θ

ÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc C rYcKNnam:Um:g;Bt; mθ rUbTI 9-18b.

m:Um:g;Bit M³ tamrebobdUcKña m:Um:g;Bt; M BitRtUv)anKNnadUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-18c.
smIkarkmμnþnimitþ³ edayeRbITinñn½yenAkñúgsmIkar 9-18b nig 9-18c eyIg)an
1⋅θ C = ∫
L mθ M
dx = ∫
3 (− 1)(− 2.5 x1 )dx1 + 2(1)(7.5)dx2
0
EI 0 EI ∫0 EI
11.25 15 26.25kN .m 2
θC = + =
EI EI EI
26.25kN .m 2
b¤ θC =
( ) [ ( ) ](
200 10 6 kN / m 2 15 10 6 mm 4 10 −12 m 4 / mm 4 )
= 0.00875rad

(>^> famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþEdlbNþalBIbnÞúktamG½kS kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgrmYl

nigsItuNðPaB
(Virtual strain energy caused by axial load, shear, torsion and Temperature)
eTaHbICaPaBdabrbs;Fñwm nigeRKagbgáeLIgedayfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlbNþalBI
m:Um:g;Bt;CacMbgk¾eday k¾enAkñúgrcnasm<½n§xøHfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobbEnßménkmøaMgtamG½kS
kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgrmYl nigsItuNðPaBGackøayCasMxan;. eyIgnwgsikSaBI\T§iBlnImYy²enATIenH.
kmøaMgtamG½kS³ Ggát;rbs;eRKagGacrgkmøaMgtamG½kS ehIyeKGacsresrsmIkarfamBlbERmbRmYl
rageFobEdlbNþalBIkM;laMgenHdUcenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 9-4. sRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;efr eyIgman
nNL
Un = (9-20)
AE

Edl n= kmøaMgtamG½kSnimitþxagkñúgEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgnimitþÉktþaxageRkA.
N = kmøaMgtamG½kSxagkñúgenAkñúgGgát;EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgBit.

E = m:UDuleGLasÞicsRmab;smÖar³.

A = RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;.

L = RbEvgrbs;Ggát;.

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -306

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

kmøaMgkat;³ edIm,IkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgFñwmEdlbNþalBI
kmøaMgkat; eyIgnwgBicarNa FatuGnnþtUc dx rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
9-19. kMhUcRTg;RTayedaykmøaMgkat; (shearing distortion) dy rbs;
FatuGnnþtUcEdlbNþal BIkmøaMgBitKW dy = γdx . RbsinebIbERmbRmYlrag
eFobedaysarkmøaMgkat; (shearing strain) γ EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgkat;man
GMeBIelIsmÖar³eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r enaHeKGacGnuvtþc,ab;h‘Uk γ = τ / G .
dUc enH dy = (τ / G )dx . eyIgGacsresrkugRtaMgkat;Caτ = K (V / A) Edl K CaemKuNrag (form
factor) EdlGaRs½ynwgrUbragénRkLaépÞmuxkat; A rbs;Fñwm. dUcenHeyIgGacsresr

dy = K (V / GA)dx . sRmab;FñwmTaMgmUl

eKGackMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþedayGaMgetRkal
L ⎛ vV ⎞
Us = ∫ K⎜ ⎟dx (9-21)
0 ⎝ GA ⎠

Edl v=kmøaMgkat;nimitþxagkñúgenAkñúgGgát;EdlRtUv)ansresrCaGnuKmn_én x ehIybNþalBIbnÞúk

nimitþÉktþaxageRkA.
V = kmøaMgkat;xagkñúgenAkñúgGgát;EdlRtUv)ansresrCaGnuKmn_én x ehIybNþalBIkmøaMgBit.

A = RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;.

K = emKuNragsRmab;RkLaépÞmuxkat; (form factor for cross-sectional area)

K = 1.2 sRmab;muxkat;ctuekaN

K = 10 / 9 sRmab;muxkat;rgVg;

K ≈ 1.0 sRmab;FñwmGkSr I Edl A CaRkLaépÞrbs;RTnug

G = m:UDuleGLasÞicénkmøaMgkat; (shear modulus of elasticity) sRmab;smÖar³.

kmøaMgrmYl³ CaerOy²rcnasm<½n§bITMhM ¬kñúglMh¦ rgkmøaMgrmYl.

RbsinebIGgát;manmuxkat;mUl enaH muxkat;rbs;vaminman warping
ekIteLIgeT enAeBlEdlvargbnÞúk. CalT§pl eKGacsresrfamBl
bERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgGgát;)anedayRsYl edayBicarNaelIFatu
GnnþtUc dx rbs;Ggát;Edlrgm:Um:g; rmYl T ¬rUbTI 9-20¦. kmøaMg
rmYlenHeFVI[manbERmbRmYlrageFobkmøaMgkat; γ = (cdθ ) / dx . kñúg krNIsmÖar³manlkçN³
Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -307
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r enaH γ = τ / G Edlτ = Tc / J . dUcenH mMurmYl dθ = (γdx )/ c = (τ / Gc )dx =

(T / GJ )dx . RbsinebIeKdak;kmøaMgnimitþÉktþaeTAelIrcnasm<½n§EdleFVI[ mankmøaMgrmYlxagkñúg t
enAkñúgGgát; enaHeRkayBIkarGnuvtþkmøaMgBit famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúg Ggát;elIRbEvg dx KW
dU t = tdθ = tTdx / GJ . edayeFVIGaMgetRkalelIRbEvg L rbs;Ggát; eyIg)an³

tTL
Ut = (9-22)
GJ

Edl t=kmøaMgrmYlnimitþxagkñúgEdlbNþalBIbnÞúknimitþÉktþaxageRkA.
T = kmøaMgrmYlxagkñúgenAkñúgGgát;EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgBit.

G = m:UDuleGLasÞicénkmøaMgkat; (shear modulus of elasticity) sRmab;smÖar³.

J = m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrsRmab;muxkat;/ J = πc 4 / 2 Edl c CakaMrbs;muxkat;.

K = RbEvgrbs;Ggát;.

eKRtUvkMNt;famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgrmYlsRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;minEmn
mUl edayeRbIkarviPaKEdlmanlkçN³hμt;ct;CagGVIEdl)anerobrab;enATIenH.
kmøaMgrmYl³ enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 9-4 eyIg)anBicarBaelI\T§iBlénbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBesμI dT enAelIGgát;
truss ehIy)anbgðajfaGgát;nwglUt b¤rYjxøIedaybrimaN dL = αΔTL . b:uEnþ enAkñúgkrNIxøH rcna-

sm<½n§ GacrgsItuNðPaBxusKñaelImuxkat;TaMgmUl dUckñúgkrNIénFñwmEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-21a.

kñúgkrNIEbbenH eKGackMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuctambeNþayExSekageGLasÞicrbs;FñwmedayeRbI
eKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ. edIm,IGnuvtþeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ dMbUgeyIgRtUvKNnabrimaNmMurgVilrbs;Fatu
GnnþtUc dx rbs;FñwmEdlbNþalmkBIbERmbRmYlkMedA (thermal gradient) EdlmanGMeBIelImuxkat;
Fñwm. eyIgnwgeRCIserIskrNIsamBaØbMputrbs;FñwmEdlmanG½kSNWtsßitenABak;kNþalkm<s; (c ) rbs;
muxkat;Fñwm. RbsinebIeyIgKUrTRmg;énbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBenAkñúgmuxkat; ¬rUbTI 9-21b¦ eyIgeXIj
fasItuNðPaBmFümKW Tm = (T1 + T2 ) / 2 . RbsinebI T1 > T2 enaHbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBenATItaMgxag
elIbMputeFVI[FatuGnnþtUcmanbERmbRmYlrageFoblUt ehIybERmbRmYlrageFobrbs;FatuGnnþtUcenA
TItaMgxageRkambMputrYj. enAkñúgkrNITaMgBIr bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBKW ΔTm = T1 − Tm = Tm − T2 .
edaysarbERmbRmYlkMedA rbs;RbEvgenAxagelIbMput nigenAxageRkambMputKW δx = αΔTm dx ¬rUbTI 9-
21c¦ enaHmMurgVilrbs;Fatu GnnþtUcKW
αΔTm dx
dθ =
c

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -308

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RbsinebIeyIgGnuvtþkmøaMgnimitþÉktþaenARtg;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwmEdleKRtUvkarkMNt;bMlas;TI b¤Gnuvtþ
m:Um:g;nimitþÉktþaenARtg;cMNucEdlRtUvkarkMNt;bMlas;TIEdlKitCamMurgVilrbs;bnÞat;b:H enaHkmøaMgTaMg
enHnwgbegáItm:Um:g;nimitþ m enAkñúgFñwmRtg;cMNucEdlFatuGnnþtUc dx sßitenA. enAeBlEdlbERmbRmYl
sItuNðPaBmanGMeBI enaHfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþenAkñúgFñwmKW
L mαΔTm dx
U temp = ∫ (9-23)
0 c

Edl m= m:Um:g;nimitþxagkñúgEdlsmIkarrbs;vaRtUv)ansresrCaGnuKmn_eTAnwg x ehIyEdlbNþal

BIbnÞúknimitþÉktþaxageRkA b¤m:Um:g;nimitþÉktþa.
α = emKuNlUtkMedA.
ΔTm = bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaBrvagsItuNðPaBmFüm nigsItuNðPaBenAxagelI b¤enAxageRkam

bMputrbs;Fñwm.
c = km<s;Bak;kNþalrbs;muxkat;Fñwm.

elIkElgEtmankarbBa¢ak; ebImindUcenaHeTcMeNaTenAkñúgesovePAenHnwgBicarNaEtPaBdabrbs;Fñwm
nigPaBdabrbs;eRKagEdlbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt;Etb:ueNÑaH. b:uEnþ CaTUeTAGgát;Fñwm nigeRKagGacrgnUvbnÞúk
epSg²CaeRcIndUcEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH. b:uEnþ dUcEdl)anerobrab;rYcenAkñúgkfaxNÐmun²
PaBdabbEnßmEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS eFIV[PaBdabrbs;FñwmERbRbYlRtwmEtBIr b¤bI
PaKryb:ueNÑaH. edaysarmUlehtuenH CaTUeTAeKecalvakñúgkarviPaK. RbsinebIeKKit\T§iBlEdl)an
erobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eKGacbUkbBa©ÚlfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúg
smIkar 9-20 dl; 9-23 eTAkñúgsmIkarkmμnþnimitþEdl)ankMNt;edaysmIkar 9-18 b¤ 919. ]TahrN_
xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþénsmIkarTaMgenH.

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]TahrN_ 9-10³ kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;cMNuc C enAelIeRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-

22a edayKitbBa©ÚlfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobxagkñúgEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgtamG½kS nigkmøaMgkat;.
yk E = 200GPa / G = 80GPa / I = 235(106 )mm 4 ehIy A = 50(103 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;TaMgBIr.
muxkat;rbs;Ggát;manragctuekaN.

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -310

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
enATIenH eyIgRtUvEtGnuvtþkmøaMgÉktþaedkRtg;cMNuc C . düaRkamGgÁesrIEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;bnÞúkBit
nig bnÞúknimitþRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-22b nig 9-22c.
m:Um:g;Bt;³ famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobnimitþEdlbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anKNnaenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9-8.
vaRtUv)anbgðajdUcxageRkam³
L mMdx 1660.5kN 2 .m 3 1660.5kN 2 .m 3
Ub = ∫
0 EI
=
EI
=
[ ( ) ][ ( )( ) ]
200 10 6 kN / m 2 235 10 6 10 −12 m 4

= 0.0353kN .m = 35.3kN .mm

kmøaMgtamG½kS³ BITinñn½yenAkñúgrUbTI 9-22b nig 9-22c eyIgman

nNL
Ua = ∑
AE
1.25kN (112.5kN )(3m ) 1kN (0 )(2.4m )
=
[50(10 )(10 )m ][80(10 )kN / m ] [50(10 )(10 )m ][80(10 )kN / m ]
3 −6 2 6 2
+ 3 −6 2 6 2

= 0.000105kN .m = 0.105kN .mm

kmøaMgkat;³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-21 CamYynwg K = 1.2 sRmab;muxkat;ctuekaN nigedayeRbIGnuKmn_

kmøaMgkat;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-22b nig 9-22c eyIg)an
L ⎛ vV ⎞
Us = ∫ K⎜ ⎟dx
0 ⎝ GA ⎠
31.2(1)(180 − 60 x1 )dx1 2.4 1.2(− 1.25)(− 112.5)dx2
=∫ +∫
0 GA 0 GA
2
729kN .m
=
[ ( ) ][ ( )( ) ]
80 10 kN / m 2 50 103 10 − 6 m 2
6
= 0.000182kN .mm = 0.182kN .mm

edayGnuvtþsmIkarkmμnþnimitþ eyIg)an
1kN ⋅ Δ C h = 35.3kN .mm + 0.105kN .mm + 0.182kN .mm

Δ C h = 35.59mm

\T§iBlénkmøaMgkat; nigkmøaMgtamG½kSeFVI[bMlas;TIekIneLIgRtwmEt 0.8% b:ueNÑaH ebIeRbobeFob

nwgbMlas;TIEdlbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt;;.

]TahrN_ 9-11³ FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-23a RtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgGKarEdlrgnUvkMedAxusKñaBIr.

RbsinebIsItuNðPaBenAépÞxagelIrbs;FñwmKW 25o C ehIysItuNðPaBenAépÞxageRkamKW 70o C cUrkMNt;
Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -311
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

PaBdabtamTisbBaÄrrbs;FñwmenARtg;cMNuckNþalFñwmEdlbNþalBIbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB. yk
α = 11.7(10 −6 )/ o C .

dMeNaHRsay³
edaysareKRtUvkarkMNt;PaBdabenAkNþalElVgrbs;Fñwm eKRtUvdak;bnÞúknimitþÉktþaenATIenaH ehIyeK
RtUvKNnam:Um:g;Bt;nimitþenAkñúgFñwm ¬rUbTI 9-23b¦.

sItuNðPaBmFümenAcMNuckNþalrbs;muxkat;FñwmKW (70o C + 25o C )/ 2 = 47.5o C .

sRmab;kar GnuvtþsmIkar 9-23, ΔTm = 47.5o C − 25o C = 22.5o C .
ehIy C = 250mm / 2 = 125mm . eday GnuvtþeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ eyIg)an
LmαΔTm dx
1N ⋅ Δ C v = ∫
0 c
⎛1 ⎞
1500 mm ⎝ 2 ⎠
( ) −6 o
(
⎜ x ⎟11.7 10 / C ⋅ 22.5 C
o
)
= 2∫ dx
0 125mm
Δ C v = 2.37 mm

lT§plbgðajfavaCaPaBdabEdlGacecal)an.

(>&> RTwsþIbTrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNU (Castigliano’s theorem)

enAqñaM 1879 Gal;Eb‘tU kasÞIKøIy:aNU visVkrpøÚvrfePøIgsBaØatiGIutalI)ane)aHBum<pSayesovePA
mYyk,alEdlENnaMBIviFIsRmab;kMNt;PaBdab b¤mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucmYyenAkñúgrcnasm<½n§EdlGacCa
truss, Fñwm b¤k¾eRKag. viFIenH ¬EdleK[eQμaHfaRTwsþITIBIrrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNU b¤viFIkmμnþGb,brma¦

eRbI)ancMeBaHEtrcnasm<½n§EdlmansItuNðPaBefr TRmEdlminyal (unyielding support) nigeFVIBI

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -312
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

smÖar³eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r. RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;bMlas;TI RTwsþIeBalfabMlas;TIesμInwgedrIev eday

EpñkelIkTImYyénfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMtamkmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNucenaH
nigkñúgTisrbs;bMlas;TI. tamrebobdUcKña mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucmYyenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMesμInwgedrIev eday
EpñkelIkTImYyénfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMtamm:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNucenaH
nig kñúgTisrbs;mMurgVil.
edIm,ITTYl)anRTwsþITIBIrrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNU eKRtUvBicarNaGgÁFatu ¬rcnasm<½n§¦EdlmanragTUeTA
NamYyEdlrg n es‘rIénkmøaMg P1 / P2 ..., Pn . edaysarkmμnþxageRkAeFVIedaykmøaMgTaMgenHesμInwg
famBlbERmbRmYlragxagkñúgEdlrkSaTukenAkñúgGgÁFatu eyIgGacsresr
Ui = Ue
kmμnþxageRkACaGnuKmn_énbnÞúkxageRkA ¬ U e = ∑ ∫ Pdx ¦. dUcenH
U i = U e = f (P1 , P2 ,..., Pn )
\LÚv RbsinebIkmøaMg Pi mYyénkmøaMgxagelIekIneLIgedaybrimaNDIegr:g;Esül dPi kmμnþxagkñúgk¾
ekIneLIg ehIyfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobfμIkøayCa
∂U i
U i + dU i = U i + dPi (9-24)
∂Pi
b:uEnþ témøenHminGaRs½yeTAnwglMdab;énkarGnuvtþ n kmøaMgeTAelIGgÁFatueT. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIeyIg
GnuvtþCadMbUgnUv dPi eTAelIGgÁFatu bnÞab;mkvanwgeFVI[GgÁFatumanbMlas;TIedaybrimaNDIepr:g;Esül
dΔ i eTAtamTisedArbs; dPi . tamsmIkar 9-3 ¬ U c = PΔ / 2 ¦ ehIykMeNInrbs;famBlbERmbRmYl

rageFobKW 12 dPi dΔ i . b:uEnþ brimaNenHCaDIepr:g;EsüldWeRkTIBIr dUcenHeyIgGacecalva)an. kar

GnuvtþbnþénbnÞúk P1, P2 , ..., Pn EdleFVI[GgÁFatupøas;TI Δ1, Δ 2 , ..., Δ n begáIt)anCafamBl
bERmbRmYlrageFob.
U i + dU i = U i + dPi Δ i (9-25)

enATIenH EdldUcBIelIkmun U i CafamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobxagkñúgGgÁFatuEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúk

P1 , P2 , ..., Pn nig dU i = dPi Δ i CafamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobbEnßmEdlbgáeday dPi ¬smIkar 9-

4/ U e = PΔ' ¦.

Casegçb smIkar 9-24

CafamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgGgÁFatuEdlkMNt;CadMbUgedayGnuvtþ P1, P2 , ..., Pn bnÞab;mk

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dPi ehIysmIkar 9-25 CafamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlkMNt;CadMbUgeday Gnuvtþ dPi bnÞab;mk

P1 , P2 , ..., Pn . edaysarsmIkarTaMgBIrenHRtUvEtesμIKña eyIgtRmUv[

∂U i
Δi = (9-26)
∂Pi
bMlas;TI Δ i eTAtamTIrbs; Pi esμInwgedrIevedayEpñkelIkTImYyénfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobtam Pi . *

eKRtUvcMNaMfasmIkar 9-26 CaBMenalGMBIPaBRtUvKñaénrcnasm<½n§ (structure’s compatibility).

ehIykareFVIedrIevxagelITamTar[BicarNaEtkarrkSakmøaMg (conservative force) sRmab;karviPaK.
kmøaMgTaMgenHeFVIkmμnþedayminGaRs½yeTAnwgKnøg dUcenHvamin)aneFVI[)at;bg;famBleT. edaysar
eK[kmøaMgmanGMeBIEtkñúglkçxNÐeGLasÞiclIenEG‘r dUcenHRTwsþIenHGnuvtþcMeBaHEtsmÖar³EdleFVIkar
kñúgtMbn;eGLasÞiclIenEG‘rb:ueNÑaH. vamindUcnwgviFIkmøaMgnimitþEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ elIkmun
EdlGacGnuvtþeTAelIkareFVIkarCalkçN³eGLasÞic nigmineGLasÞic (inelastic).

(>*> RTwsþIbTrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNUsRmab; trusses (Castigliano’s theorem for trusses)

famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobsRmab;Ggát;rbs; truss RtUv)an[edaysmIkar 9-9/
U i = N 2 L / 2 AE edayCMnYssmIkarenHeTAkñúgsmIkar 9-26 niglubecalsnÞsS i eyIg)an
∂ N 2L
Δ= ∑
∂P 2 AE
CaTUeTA vamanlkçN³gayRsYlCagkñúgkareFVIDIepr:g;EsülmunkareFVIplbUk. enAkñúgkrNITUeTA L / A
nig E CacMnYnefrsRmab;Ggát;Edl[ dUcenHeyIgGacsresr
⎛ ∂N ⎞ L
Δ = ∑ N⎜ ⎟ (9-27)
⎝ ∂P ⎠ AE
Edl Δ= bMlas;TIéntMNrbs; truss.
P = kmøaMgxageRkAEdlGnuvtþeTAelItMN truss tamTisedArbs; Δ .

N = kmøaMgxagkñúgrbs;Ggát;EdlbNþalBIkmøaMg P nigbnÞúkenAelI truss.

L = RbEvgrbs;Ggát;.

*
RTwsþITImYyrbs;køasÞIKøIy:aNUmanlkçN³RsedogeTAnwgRTwsþITIBIrrbs;Kat;Edr EtP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMg P eTAnwgedrIev
i

edayEpñkénfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobtambMlas;TIEdlRtUvKña eBalKW P = ∂U / ∂Δ . karedaHRsaymanlkçN³Rsedog

i i i

KñaeTAnwgGVIEdl[kñúgkfaxNÐ 9-7 nigdUceTAnwgviFIbMlas;TInimitþ. RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNUGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHsmÖar³eGLasÞic nigmin

eGLasÞic. mü:ageTot viFIenHbgðajBItMrUvkarlMnwgsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM ehIyedaysarvamankRmitkñúgkareRbIR)as;kñúgkarviPaK
eRKOgbgÁúM vaminRtUv)anelIkykmkniyayenAkñúgesovePAenHeT.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -314
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

A= RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;.
E = m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;Ggát;.

smIkarenHRsedogeTAnwgsmIkarEdleRbIsRmab;viFIkmμnþnimitþ ¬smIkar 9-15, 1⋅ Δ = ∑ nNL / AE ¦

Edl n RtUv)anCMnYseday ∂N / ∂P . cMNaMfa edIm,IkMNt;edrIevedayEpñk eKcaM)ac;RtUvcat;Tuk P dUcCa
Gefr ehIyelIsBIenH eKRtUvsresrkmøaMgkñúgGgát; N nImYy²CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgkmøaMg P . CalT§pl
karKNna ∂N / ∂P TamTarnUvkarKNnaeRcInCagkarKNnakmøaMg n nImYy²edaypÞal;. tYTaMgenHman
lkçN³dUcKña edaysar n b¤ ∂N / ∂P CabERmbRmYlénkmøaMgkñúgGgát;tambnÞúk P b¤bERmbRmYlenAkñúg
kmøaMgGgát;kñúgelIbnÞúkÉktþa.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

eKGaceRbICMhanxageRkamedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;tMN truss edayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU.
kmøaMgxageRkA P
 dak;kmøaMg P enAelI truss enARtg;tMNEdleKcg;kMNt;bMlas;TI. eKsnμt;[kmøaMgenHman
TMhMERbRbYl ehIymanTistamExSskmμrbs;bMlas;TI.
kmøaMgkñúg N
 kMNt;kmøaMg N enAkñúgGgát;nImYy²EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkBit nigkmøaMgERbRbYl P . snμt;kmøaMg
TajviC¢man nigkmøaMgsgát;GviC¢man.
 KNnaedrIevedayEpñkén ∂N / ∂P sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
 eRkayeBlkMNt; N nig ∂N / ∂P rYcehIy dak;témø[kmøaMg P CatémøénkmøaMgBit Rbsin
ebIvaCMnYskmøaMgBitEdlmanGMeBIenAelI truss. ebImindUcenaHeT yk P esμInwgsUnü.
RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU
 GnuvtþRTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNUedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI Δ Edlcg;)an. eKcaM)ac;RtUvrkSasBaØaBiCKNit
sRmab;témøRtUvKñaén N nig ∂N / ∂P enAeBlCMnYstYTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar.
 RbsinebI ∑ N (∂N / ∂P )L / AE viC¢man Δ manTisedAdUcnwg P . RbsinebIlT§plmantémø
GviC¢man Δ manTispÞúyeTAnwgkmøaMg P .

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -315

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 9-12³ kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN C rbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-24a.

RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²KW A = 400mm2 nig E = 200GPa .
dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgxageRkA P³ eKdak;kmøaMgbBaÄr P eTAelI truss enARtg;tMN C edaysarvaCacMNucEdleyIgRtUv
karkMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄr ¬rUbTI 9-24b¦.

kmøaMgkñúg N³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm truss A nig B ehIylT§plrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg

rUbTI 9-24b. eKGackMNt;kmøaMg N edayeRbIviFItMN ¬rUbTI 9-24c¦*. sRmab;PaBgayRsYl lT§-
plTaMgenH CamYynwgedrIevedayEpñkén ∂N / ∂P RtUv)anerobCataragdUcxageRkam³

edaysareKminman P dUckmøaMgBitenAelI truss eyIgyk P = 0 enAkñúgtaragxagelI.

RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-27 eyIg)an
⎛ ∂N ⎞ L 10.67 kN .m
Δ Cv = ∑ N ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ ∂P ⎠ AE AE

*
vamanlkçN³gayRsYlCagkñúgkarviPaK truss EtCamYynwgkmøaMg 4kN EdlmanGMeBIelIva bnÞab;mkviPaK truss CamYynwg
kmøaMg P elIva. eKGacbUkbBa¢ÚllT§plTaMgBIredIm,ITTYl)ankmøaMg N.
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -316
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

edayCMnYs A = 400mm2 = 400(10−6 )m2 / E = 200GPa = 200(109 )Pa nwgbMEbgxñatrbs; N BI kN

eTA N enaHeyIg)an
10.67(109 )N .m
ΔC =
400(10 − 6 )m 2 (200(109 )N / m 2 )
v
= 0.000133m = 0.133mm

dMeNaHRsayenHdUcKñanwgdMeNaHRsayedayviFIkmμnþnimitþén]TahrN_ 9-2.

]TahrN_ 9-13³ kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;tMN D rbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-25a.

yk E = 200GPa . RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgxageRkA P³ edaysareKRtUvkarkMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs; D eKRtUvdak;kmøaMgGefr P enA
Rtg;tMN D ¬rUbTI 9-25b¦.
kmøaMgkñúg N³ kMNt;kmøaMg N enAkñúgGgát; edayeRbIviFItMN*. lT§plRtUvbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-25b.
edayerobcMTinñn½yenAkñúgtarag eyIg)an³

RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-27 eyIg)an

*
dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_elIkmun eKGacGnuvtþkarviPaK truss CamYynwgkmøaMg 45kN nigkmøaMg P dac;edayELkBIKña ehIyeFVIkar
bUklT§plrbs;vabBa©ÚlKña.
Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -317
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎛ ∂N ⎞ L
Δ Cv = ∑ N ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ∂P ⎠ AE
468.75kN .m 202.5kN .m
= 0+0+0+
( )m [200(10 )kN / m ]
385 10 −6 2 6 2
+
( )m [200(10 )kN / m ]
577.5 10 −6 2 6 2

= 0.00784m = 7.84mm

]TahrN_ 9-14³ kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN C rbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-26a.

snμt;fa A = 300mm2 / E = 200GPa .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgxageRkA P³ kmøaMg 20kN enARtg;cMNuc C RtUv)anCMnYsedaykmøaMgGefr P enARtg;tMN C
¬rUbTI 9-26b¦.
kmøaMgkñúg N³ kMNt;kmøaMg N enAkñúgGgát; edayeRbIviFItMN. lT§plRtUv)ansegçbenAkñúgrUbTI 9-26b.
Tinñn½yEdlRtUvkarRtUv)anerobcMenAkñúgtarag eyIg)an³

RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ edayCMnYsTinñn½yeTAkñúgsmIkar 9-27 eyIg)an

⎛ ∂N ⎞ L 369.7 kN .m
Δ Cv = ∑ N ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ ∂P ⎠ AE EA

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -318

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

edaybMEbkxñatrbs;RbEvgGgát;eTACamIlIEm:Rt nigedayCMnYstémøCaelxsRmab; AE eyIg)an

369.7 kN .m(1000mm / m)
Δ Cv =
[300(10 )m ][200(10 )kN / m ] = 6.16mm
−6 2 6 2

eyIgKYrcMNaMfa lT§plenHmanlkçN³RsedogKñanwglT§plenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9-1 EdleRbIviFIkmμnþ

nimitþ.

(>(> RTwsþIbTrbs;kasÞIKøIy:aNUsRmab;Fñwm nigeRKag

(Castigliano’s theorem for beams and frames)
famBlbERmbRmYlrageFobsRmab;Fñwm b¤eRKagEdlekItBIm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)an[edaysmIkar 9-
11 ¬ U i = ∫ M 2 dx / 2 EI ¦. edayCMnYssmIkarenHeTAkñúgsmIkar 9-26 ¬ Δ i = ∂U i / ∂Pi ¦ nigeday

lubecalsnÞsS i eyIg)an
∂ L M 2 dx
∂P ∫0 2 EI
Δ=

kareFVIDIepr:g;EsülmunkareFVIGaMgetRkalmanlkçN³gayRsYlCagkareFVIGaMgetRkaleTAelIkaerén
m:Um:g;Bt; M rYceTIbeFVIedrIevedayEpñktameRkay. kñúgkrNIEdl E nig i Catémøefr eyIg)an
L ⎛ ∂M ⎞ dx
Δ = ∫ M⎜ ⎟ (9-28)
0 ⎝ ∂P ⎠ EI

Edl Δ= bMlas;TIéncMNucEdlbNþaledaybnÞúkBitEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm b¤eRKag.

P = kmøaMgxageRkAEdlGnuvtþeTAelIFñwm b¤eRKagtamTisedArbs; Δ .

M = m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwm b¤eRKag EdlRtUv)ansresrCaGnuKmn_eTAnwg x nigedaysarkmøaMg P

nigkmøaMgBitenAelIFñwm.
E = mU:DuleGLasÞicrbs;Ggát;.

I = m:Um:g;niclPaBénRkLaépÞmuxkat;EdlKNnaRtg;G½kSNWt.

RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucmYy eyIgRtUvrkedrIevedayEpñkénm:Um:g;Bt; M tam

m:Um:g;xageRkA M ' EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNucenaH eBalKW
L ⎛ ∂M ⎞ dx
θ = ∫ M⎜ ⎟ (9-29)
0 ⎝ ∂M ' ⎠ EI

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -319

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

smIkarxagelImanlkçN³RsedogKñanwgsmIkarEdleRbIsRmab;viFIkmμnþnimitþ ¬smIkar 9-18 nig

9-19¦ elIkElgRtg;eKCMnYs m nig mθ eday ∂M / ∂P nig ∂M / ∂M ' erogKña. dUcenAkñúgkrNI truss,

CaTUeTAeKRtUvkarKNnaeRcInCagkareRbIviFIkmμnþbnþicedaytRmUv[KNnaedrIevedayEpñk ehIyGnuvtþ
RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU. ehIyeKKYrcgcaMfa RTwsþIenHGnuvtþEteTAelIsmÖar³EdlmanlkçN³eGLasÞic lIen-
EG‘r. RbsinebIeKRtUvkarKitfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMEdlekItkmøaMgkñúgTaMgGs; eK
RtUvKitbBa©ÚlfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgkat; kmøaMgtamG½kS nigkmøaMgrmYl. kar
RsayrUbmnþsRmab;kmøaMgkat; nigkmøaMgrmYlmanlkçN³RsedognwgkarRsayrUbmnþénsmIkar 9-21 nig
9-22. famBlbERmbRmYlrageFob nigedrIevrbs;vaKW
L V 2 dx ∂U s L V ⎛ ∂V ⎞
Us = K ∫ =∫ ⎜ ⎟dx
0 2 AG ∂P 0 AG ⎝ ∂P ⎠
LT 2
dx ∂U t L T ⎛ ∂T ⎞
Ut = ∫ =∫ ⎜ ⎟dx
0 2 JG ∂P 0 JG ⎝ ∂P ⎠

b:uEnþ\T§iBlenHminRtUv)aneKrab;bBa©ÚleTAkñgú karviPaKenAkñúgemeronenHeT edaysarPaBdab

rbs;Fñwm nigeRKagekIteLIgCacMbgedaysarfamBlbERmbRmYlragedaym:Um:g;Bt;. eKeRcInEtviPaK
eRKagEdlmanElVgFM b¤eRKagEdlmanragFrNImaRtminFmμtaedayeRbIkMuBüÚT½rCaCMnYy Edl\T§iBlTaMg
enH RtUv)anKitbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkarviPaKCaeRsc.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

eKGaceRbICMhanxageRkamedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI nig¬b¤¦mMurgVilenARtg;cMNucmYyenAkñúgFñwm b¤
eRKagedayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU.
kmøaMgxageRkA P b¤m:Um:g;xageRkA M’
 dak;kmøaMg P enAelIFñwm b¤eRKagenARtg;cMNuc nigtamTisedAénbMlas;TIEdlcg;)an.
 RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVil eKRtUvdak;m:Um:g; M ' enARtg;cMNucenaH.
 eKRtUvsnμt;fa P nig M ' manTMhMERbRbYl.
m:Um:g;Bt; M
 begáItkUGredaen x smRsbmann½yenAkñúgtMbn;énFñwm b¤eRKagEdlminmanPaBminCab;énkmøaMg
bnÞúkBRgay b¤m:Um:g;.
 KNnam:Um:g;Bt; M CaGnuKmn_én P b¤ M ' nigkUGredaen x nImYy². ehIy KNnaedrIeveday
Epñkén ∂M / ∂P b¤ ∂M / ∂M ' sRmab;kUGredaen x nImYy².
PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -320
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

 eRkayeBlkMNt; M nig ∂M / ∂P b¤ ∂M / ∂M ' rYcehIy dak;témø[kmøaMg P b¤m:Um:g; M '

CatémøénkmøaMgBit RbsinebIvaCMnYskmøaMg b¤m:Um:g;Bit. ebImindUcenaHeT yk P b¤ M ' esμInwg
sUnü.
RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU
 GnuvtþsmIkar 9-28 b¤ 9-29 edIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI Δ b¤mMurgVil θ Edlcg;)an. eKcaM)ac;RtUvrkSa
sBaØaBiCKNitsRmab;témøRtUvKñaén M nig ∂M / ∂P b¤ ∂M / ∂M ' .
 RbsinebIplbUkénGaMgetRkalkMNt;TaMgGs;mantémøviC¢man enaH Δ b¤ θ manTisedAdUcnwg P
b¤ M ' .

]TahrN_ 9-15³ kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc B énFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-27a. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 500 106 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgxageRkA P³ dak;kmøagM bBaÄr P enAelIFñwmRtg;cMNuc B dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-27b.
m:Um:g;Bt; M³ sRmab;karedaHRsay]TahrN_enH eKRtUvkarkUGredaenH x EtmYy edaysarminmanPaB
minCab;énbnÞúkenAcenøaH A nig B . edayeRbIviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 9-27¦ eyIg)an³
⎛ x⎞
+∑M = 0 − M − (12 x )⎜ ⎟ − Px = 0
⎝2⎠
∂M
M = −6 x 2 − Px = −x
∂P
edayyk P = 0 eyIg)an
∂M
M = −6x 2 = −x
∂P

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -321

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-28 eyIg)an

L ⎛ ∂M ⎞ dx 10 (− 6 x 2 )(− x )dx
ΔB = M ⎜ ∫0 ⎟
⎝ ∂P ⎠ EI
= ∫0 EI

=
( )
15 103 kN .m 3
EI

b¤ ( ) 15 10 3 kN .m 3
200(10 )kN / m [500(10 )mm ](10
ΔB = 6 2 6 4 −12
m 4 / mm 4 )
= 0.150m = 150mm
eyIgKYrcMNaMfa lT§plenHmanlkçN³RsedogKñanwglT§plenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9-4 EdleRbIviFIkmμnþ
nimitþ.

]TahrN_ 9-16³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc B énFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-28a. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 60 10 6 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;xageRkA M’³ edaysareKRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVilRtg;cMNuc B dUcenHeKRtUvdak;m:Um:g; M ' enAelIFñwm
enARtg;cMNucenaH ¬rUbTI 9-28b¦.
m:Um:g;Bt; M³ eKRtUveRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmedaysarvamanPaBdab; M '
enARtg;cMNuc B . dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-28a/ x1 latsn§wgBI A eTA B nig x2 latsn§wgBI B eTA C .
edayeRbIviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 9-28c¦ eK)anm:Um:g;Bt; nigedrIevedayEpñkrbs;vadUcxageRkam.
sRmab; x1 ³
+∑M = 0 M 1 + 3 x1 = 0

M 1 = −3x1

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -322

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

∂M 1
=0
∂M '
sRmab; x2 ³
+∑M = 0 M 2 − M '+3(5 + x2 ) = 0

M 2 = M '−3(5 + x2 )
∂M 2
=1
∂M '
RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ eday[ M ' = 0 nigedayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-29 eyIg)an
L⎛ ∂M ⎞ dx 5 (− 3 x1 )(0 )dx1 5 − 3(5 + x2 )(1)dx2
θB = ∫ M ⎜ ⎟ =∫ +∫
0 ⎝ ∂M ' ⎠ EI 0 EI 0 EI
112.5kN .m 2
=−
EI
− 112.5kN .m 2
b¤ θB =
( ) [ ( ) ](
200 10 6 kN / m 2 60 10 6 mm 4 10 −12 m 4 / mm 4 )
= −0.00938rad
sBaØadkbgðajfa θ B manTisedApÞuúyeTAnwgTisedArbs;m:Um:g; M ' . eyIgKYrcMNaMfa lT§plenHman
lkçN³RsedogKñanwglT§plenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9-6 EdleRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.

]TahrN_ 9-17³ kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄréncMNuc C rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-29a. yk E =

/
200GPa I = 150 106 mm 4 ( ) .

dMeNaHRsay³
kmøaMgxageRkA P³ dak;kmøagM bBaÄr P enAelIFñwmRtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 9-29b¦. eyIgnwg[kmøaMg P
enHesμInwgkmøaMgxageRkA 20kN enAeBleRkay.
Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -323
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

m:Um:g;Bt; M³ enAkñúgkrNIenH eKRtUvkarkUGredaen x cMnYnBIrsRmab;kareFVIGaMgetRkal ¬rUbTI 9-29b¦

edaysarbnÞúkmanlkçN³minCab;enARtg;cMNuc C . edayeRbIviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 9-29c¦ eyIg)an³
sRmab; x1
⎛x ⎞
+∑M = 0 − (24 + 0.5 P )x1 + 8 x1 ⎜ 1 ⎟ + M 1 = 0
⎝2⎠
∂M 1
M 1 = (24 + 0.5P )x1 − 4 x12 = 0.5 x1
∂P
sRmab; x2
+∑M = 0 − M 2 + (8 + 0.5 P )x2 = 0
∂M 2
M 2 = (8 + 0.5 P )x2 = 0.5 x2
∂P
RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ edayyk P = 20kN nigedayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-28 eyIg)an
L ⎛ ∂M ⎞ dx 4 (34 x1 − 4 x12 )(0.5 x1 )dx1 4(18 x2 )(0.5 x2 )dx2
ΔC = M ⎜
v ∫0 ⎟ =
⎝ ∂P ⎠ EI
∫0 EI ∫0 +
EI
234.7 kN .m 3 192kN .m 3 426.7 kN .m 3
= + =
EI EI EI
3
b¤ Δ Cv =
( )
426.7 kN .m
[ ( ) ](
200 10 kN / m 150 10 6 mm 4 10 −12 m 4 / mm 4
6 2
)
= 0.0142m = 14.2mm

]TahrN_ 9-18³ kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc C rbs;eRKagEdlmanGgát;BIrEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-

30a. TRm A CaTRmbgáb;. yk E = 200GPa / I = 235(106 )mm4 .

PaBdabedayeRbIviFIfamBl T.Chhay -324

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
m:Um:g;xageRkA M’³ eKdak;m:Um:g;Gefr M ' eTAelIeRKagenARtg;cMNuc C edaysarRtUvkarkMNt;mMurgVil
Rtg;cMNucenH ¬rUbTI 9-30b¦. eyIgnwg[m:Um:g; M ' enHesμIsUnüenAeBleRkay.
m:Um:g;Bt; M³ edaysarPaBminCab;rbs;bnÞúkxagkñúgenARtg;cMNuc B eKRtUveRbIkUGredaen x1 nig x2 dUc
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9-30b. edayeRbIviFImuxkat; ¬rUbTI 9-30c¦ eyIg)an
sRmab; x1 ³
⎛x ⎞
+∑M = 0 − M 1 − 30 x1 ⎜ 1 ⎟ − M ' = 0
⎝2⎠
(
M 1 = − 15 x12 + M ' )
∂M 1
= −1
∂M '
sRmab; x2 ³
+∑M = 0 ( )
− M 2 − 108 x2 cos 60 o + 1.8 − M ' = 0

M2 = −108(x 2 cos 60
o
+ 1 .8 ) − M '
∂M 2
= −1
∂M '
RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNU³ eday[ M ' = 0 nigedayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-29 eyIg)an
L ⎛ ∂M ⎞ dx 3.6 (− 15 x12 )(− 1)dx1 3 − 108(x2 cos 60 o + 1.8)(− 1)dx2
θC = M ⎜ ∫0 ⎟
⎝ ∂M ' ⎠ EI
=
0 ∫EI 0
+ ∫ EI
233.28kN .m 2 826.2kN .m 2 1059.48kN .m 2
= + =
EI EI EI
2
b¤ θC =
( )
1059.48kN .m
[ ( ) ](
200 10 kN / m 235 10 6 mm 4 10 −12 m 4 / mm 4
6 2
=
)
= 0.00225 rad

Deflection Using Energy Method T.Chhay -325

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT
(>!> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄr (>^> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>%> edayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞI
éntMN B rbs; truss. Ggát;EdknImYy²manRk- KøIy:aNU.
LaépÞmuxkat; 300mm2 / E = 200GPa . (>&> kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄrrbs;tMN C én truss
kñúgcMeNaT (>%>. Ggát;nImYy²manRkLaépÞmux
kat; 400mm2 / E = 200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþ
nimitþ.
(>*> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>&> edayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞI
KøIy:aNU.
(>(> kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄrrbs; truss Rtg;tMN
F . snμt;RKb;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMN
(>@> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>!> edayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞIKøI
y:aNU. snøak;. yk A = 300mm2 / E = 200GPa
(>#> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItamTis sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². eRbIviFIkmμnþ nimitþ.
edkrbs;tMN B én truss kñúgcMeNaT (>!>. Ggát;
EdknImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat; 300mm2 / E =
200GPa .

(>$> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>#> edayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞI

KøIy:aNU.
(>%> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;tMN B én
truss. Ggát;nImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat; (>!0> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>(> edayeRbIRTwsþIkasÞI
400mm 2 / E = 200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. KøIy:aNU.
(>!!> kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄrrbs; truss enAkñúg
cMeNaT (>!0> Rtg;tMN B . snμt;RKb;Ggát;TaMg
Gs; tP¢ab;KñaedaytMNsnøak;. yk
A = 300mm 2 / E = 200GPa sRmab;Ggát;

nImYy². eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -326

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(>!@> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>!!> edayeRbIRTwsþIka (>!^. Ggát;Edk A − 36 nImYy²manRkLaépÞ

sÞIKøIy:aNU. muxkat; 400mm2 / E = 200GPa .
(>!#> kMNt;bMlas;TIbBaÄrrbs;éntMN A . snμt; (>!*> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN B .
RKb;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;KñaedaytMNsnøak;. yk RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)ankMNt;
A = 100mm 2 / E = 200GPa sRmab;Ggát; enAkñúgrUb. snμt;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)antP¢ab;eday
nImYy². eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. tMNsnøak;. yk E = 200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþ
nimitþ.

(>!$> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>!#> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU. (>!(> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>!*> edayeRbIRTwsþIka
(>!%> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam sÞIKøIy:aNU.
Tisedkrbs;tMN C . Ggát;EdknImYy²man (>@0> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN E .
RkLaépÞmuxkat; 400mm2 / E = 200GPa . Ggát;nImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat; 2700mm2 /
E = 200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.

(>@!> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>@0> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

(>!^> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>!%> edayeRbIRTwsþIka sÞIKøIy:aNU.
sÞIKøIy:aNU. (>@@> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam
(>!&> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam TisQrrbs;tMN A . Ggát;EdknImYy²man
TisQrrbs;tMN D én truss enAkñúgcMeNaT RkLaépÞmuxkat; 1800mm2 / E = 200GPa .

Problems T.Chhay -327

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

(>@#> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>@@> edayeRbIRTwsþIka (>@(> dkbnÞúkBI truss enAkñúgcMeNaT(>@^ ehIy

sÞIKøIy:aNU. kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN A RbsinebI
(>@$> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam eKplitGgát; AE manRbEvgxøICagGgát;edIm
TisQrrbs;tMN B én truss enAkñúgcMeNaT (>@@. 12mm .

Ggát;EdknImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat; 1800mm2 / (>#0> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam

E = 200GPa . TisQrrbs;tMN C . yk E = 200GPa . Ggát;
(>@%> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>@$> edayeRbIRTwsþIka EdknImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat; 1500mm2 .
sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>@^> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN A .
snμt;faGgát;nImYy²RtUv)antP¢ab;Kñaedaysnøak;.
yk A = 1200mm2 nig E = 200GPa sRmab;
Ggát;nImYy². eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. (>#!> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>#0> edayeRbIRTwsþIka
sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>#@> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN B .
sRmab;Ggát;nImYy² A = 900mm2 / E =
200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.

(>@&> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>@^> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>@*> dkbnÞúkBI truss enAkñúgcMeNaT (>@^
ehIykMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN A .
RbsinebIGgát; AB nig BC rgnUvkMeNIn (>##> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>#@> edayeRbIRTwsþIka
sItuNðPaB ΔT = 110o C . yk A = 1200mm2 sÞIKøIy:aNU.
nig E = 200GPa . ehIy α = 12.0(10−6 )/ o C .
cMeNaT T.Chhay -328
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(>#$> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN E én (>#(> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>#*> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

truss enAkñúgcMeNaT (>#@. sRmab;Ggát; sÞIKøIy:aNU.
nImYy² A = 900mm2 / E = 200GPa . eRbIviFI (>$0> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;tMN B én
kmμnþnimitþ. truss kñúgcMeNaT (>#*. Ggát;nImYy²manmux-

(>#%> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>#$> edayeRbIRTwsþIka kat; A = 1800mm2 / E = 200GPa . eRbIviFI

sÞIKøIy:aNU. kmμnþnimitþ.
(>#^> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;tMN D én (>$!> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>$0> edayeRbIRTwsþIka
truss. Ggát;nImYy²manmuxkat; A = 300mm 2 / sÞIKøIy:aNU.
E = 200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. (>$@> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;tMN C .
eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ snμt;Ggát;TaMgGs;tP¢ab;Kña
edaytMNsnøak;. Ggát;nImYy²manmuxkat; AE
mantémøefr.

(>#&> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>#^> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>#*> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;tMN C én
truss. Ggát;nImYy²manmuxkat; A = 1800mm 2 /

E = 200GPa . eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.

(>$#> dkbnÞúkBI truss enAkñúgcMeNaT (>$@

ehIykMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;cMNuc C
RbsinebIGgát; AB nig BC rgnUvkMeNIn
sItuNðPaB ΔT = 110o C . yk A = 1200mm2
nig E = 200GPa . ehIy α = 1.80(10−6 )/ o C .

Problems T.Chhay -329

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

(>$$> dkbnÞúkBI truss enAkñúgcMeNaT (>$@ (>%!> kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc C énFñwmEdlman

ehIykMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;cMNuc C m:Um:g;niclPaB I = 20(106 )mm 4 yk E =
RbsinebIGgát; CD RtUv)aneKplitedayman 200GPa .

RbEvgxøICag12mm .
(>$%>eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam
TisQrrbs;tMN A . Ggát;nImYy²manmuxkat;
A = 400mm 2 / E = 200GPa .
(>%@> kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc C énFñwmenAkñúg
cMeNaT (>%! EdlFñwmenHmanm:Um:g;niclPaB
I = 20(10 6 )mm 4 yk E = 200GPa .

(>%#>eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cM
Nuc C énFñwmEdleFVIBIEdk. E = 200GPa / I =
100(106 )mm 4 .

(>$^> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>$%> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>$&>eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cM
Nuc C . EI Catémøefr. (>%$>eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilrbs;cM-
Nuc A énFñwmEdleFVIBIEdkkñúgcMeNaT (>%#.
E = 200GPa / I = 100(10 6 )mm 4 .

(>%%> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>%$> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

(>$*> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>$&> edayeRbIRTwsþIka sÞIKøIy:aNU.
sÞIKøIy:aNU. (>%^> kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A . EI man
(>$(>eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilrbs;cM témørfr.
Nuc C éncMeNaT (>$&. EI Catémøefr.
(>%0>eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;mMurgVilrbs;cM
Nuc A éncMeNaT (>$&. EI Catémøefr.
(>%&> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>%^> edayeRbIRTwsþIka
sÞIKøIy:aNU.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -330
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(>%*> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam FñwmenHmanmuxkat;ctuekaNEdlmanCMerA

Tisedkrbs;cMNuc A EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgcMNuc 350mm .
P . TRmRtg;cMNuc C CaTRmbgáb;.

EI Catémøefr. KitEt\T§iBlénm:Um:g;Bt;b:ueNÑaH.

(>^#> EpñkxagelIrbs;FñwmrgnUvsItuNðPaB Tt =
200 o C xN³sItuNðPaBénEpñkxageRkamrbs;

FñwmKW Tb = 30o C . RbsinebI α = 12(10−6 )/ o C

cUrkMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;cMNuc C Edl
(>%(>edaHRsaycMeNaT (>%*> edayeRbIRTwsþIka bNþalBIbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB. FñwmenHman
sÞIKøIy:aNU. muxkat;ctuekaNEdlmanCMerA 350mm .
(>^0> r)ar ABC manmuxkat;ctuekaN 300mm
× 100mm . EdkBüÜr BD manGgát;p©it 20mm .

kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc C EdlbNþalBIbnÞúk.
BicarNaEt\T§iBlm:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgr)ar ABC nig (>^$> kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkrbs;cMNuc C .
EI Catémøefr. eKmanTRmbgáb;enARtg;cMNuc A .
kmøaMgtamG½kSenAkñúg DB . E = 200GPa .
BicarNaEt\T§iBlm:Um:g;Bt;.

(>^!> kMNt;mMurgViléncMNuc A éncMeNaT (>^0.

(>^@> )atrbs;FñwmrgnUvsItuNðPaB Tb = 120o C
xN³sItuNðPaBénEpñkxagelIrbs;FñwmKW Tt = (>^%> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam
10o C . RbsinebI α = 11.7(10 −6 )/ o C cUr
TisedkenARtg;cMNuc C . RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;
kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrrbs;cMNuc B Edl Ggát; nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. snμt;Ggát;
bNþalBIbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB.
Problems T.Chhay -331
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

TaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;. E =
200GPa .

(>&0> Edkbt;man E = 200GPa / G = 75GPa

nigmankaM 30mm . eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;
bMlas;TItam TisQrenARtg;cMNuc C . Kit
(>^^> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>^%> edayeRbIRTwsþIka bBa©Úl\T§iBlfamBlbERmbRmYlrageFobEdle
sÞIKøIy:aNU. kItBIm:Um:g;Bt; kmøaMgkat; nigkmøaMgrmYl.
(>^&> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam
TisQrenARtg;TRm D . EI mantémøefr.

(>&!> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>&0> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>^*> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>^&> edayeRbIRTwsþIka (>&@> eRKagxageRkamrgnUvbnÞúk 20kN . kMNt;
sÞIKøIy:aNU. bMlas;TItamTisQrenARtg;cMNuc C . snμt;va
(>^(> eKmankgmYyenAelIépÞrwg ehIykgenHrg Ggát;tP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc A / C
bnÞúkbBaÄr P . kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrenA nig E ehIytMN B nigtMN D CatMNbgáb;. EI
Rtg;cMNuc B . EI mantémøefr. mantémøefr. eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -332

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(>&#> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>&@> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU.
(>&$> eRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TItam
TisedkenARtg;TRm C . EI mantémøefr.
eKman tMNsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc A .
snμt;cMNuc C Ca tMNkl; nig B CatMNbgáb;.

(>&%> edaHRsaycMeNaT (>&$> edayeRbIRTwsþIka

sÞIKøIy:aNU.

Problems T.Chhay -333

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!0> viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method

CMBUkenHENnaMBIviFIkmøaMg b¤viFIPøicsIub‘IlIFI (force or flexibility method) edIm,IviFI truss Fñwm

nigeRKagminGackMNt;edaysþaTic. enAcugbBa©b;énemeronmanbgðajBIviFIsRmab;sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;
Fñwm b¤eRKagminGackMNt;edaysþaTic.

!0>!> rcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic (Statically indeterminate structures)

rMlwkBIkfaxNÐ 2.4 eRKOgbgÁúMRKb;RbePTEdlRtUv)ancat;cMNat;fñak;CaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;eday
sþaTicenAeBlEdlcMnYnGBaØatEdlCakmøaMgRbtikmμ b¤kmøaMgkñúgelIsBIcMnYnsmIkarlMnwgEdlGacman
sRmab;karviPaKenaH. enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgBiPakSaBIviFIénkareRbIeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt; nigviFImUl-
dæan cMnYnBIrEdleKRtUvkarviPaK. eyIgRtUvdwgfaeRKOgbgÁúMPaKeRcInEdlsikSaKNnasBVéf¶CaeRKOgbgÁúM
minkMNt;edaysþaTic. cMnYnminkMNt;GacekIneLIgedaysarkarbEnßmTRm b¤Ggát; b¤edayTRmg;TUeTA
rbs;rcnasm<½n§. Ca]TahrN_ GKarebtugGarem:esÞIrEtTaMgGs;CaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic eday
sarssr nigFñwmRtUv)ancak;CaGgát;Cab;Rtg;tMN nigRtg;TRm.
KuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþi³ eTaHbICakarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicmanlkçN³sμúKsμajCagkar
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTick¾eday k¾eKenAEteRCIserIsvasRmab;karsikSaKNnaEdr edaysarCaTU
eTAeKmanmUlehtuCaeRcIn. GVIEdlsMxan;CaeKKW sRmab;kardak;bnÞúkdUcKñakugRtaMgGtibrma nigPaBdab
sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicmantémøtUcCagsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic. Ca]TahrN_
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic ¬FñwmTRmbgÁb;¦ enAkñúgrUbTI 10-1a nwgrgnUvm:Um:g;Bt;Gtibrma M max =
PL / 8 b:uEnþFñwmTRmsamBaØ ¬rUbTI 10-1b¦ nwgrgnUvm:Um:g;Bt;eTVdgeBalKW M max = PL / 4 . CalT§pl

FñwmTRmbgáb;manPaBdab;tUcCagbYndg nigmankugRtaMgBt;tUcCagBIrdgénFñwmTRmsamBaØenARtg;kNþal
ElVg.
ehtupld¾sMxan;mYyeTotkñúgkareRCIserIseRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicKWedaysarvaGacEbg
EckbnÞúkrbs;vaeTATRmEdlmancMnYnelIs enAkñúgkrNIEdlmankarsikSaKNnamanlkçN³xusqÁg b¤k¾
kardak;bnÞúkelIsGacekItman. enAkñúgkrNITaMgenH rcnasm<½n§rkSasßirPaB nigkarBarkar)ak;rlM. va
manlkçN³sMxan;CaBiess enAeBlEdlbnÞúkxag dUcCabnÞúkxül; b¤bnÞúkrBa¢ÜydImanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgÁúM.
edIm,IbgðajBIlkçN³sMxan;enH cUrBicarNaFñwmTRmbgáb;enAkñúgrUbTI 10-1amþgeTot. enAeBlkmøaMg P
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -334
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ekIneLIg smÖar³rbs;FñwmenARtg;CBa¢aMg nigenARtg;kNþalElVgcab;epþImeFVIkardl;tMbl;yal (yield)

ehIybegáIt)anCasnøak;)aøsÞic EdleFVI[FñwmdabdUckrNIFñwmEdltP¢ab;edaysnøak;enARtg;cMNuc enaH.
eTaHbICaPaBdabmantémøFMk¾eday EtCBa¢aMgnwgbegáItkmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk nigm:Um:g;RbtikmμEdl
nwgTb;FñwmBIkar)ak;TaMgRsug. enAkñúgkrNIFñwmTRmsamBaØ ¬rUbTI 10-1b¦ bnÞúkelIs P nigeFVI
[snøak;)aøsÞicekItmanEtenARtg;kNþalElVgrbs;Fñwm ehIyedaysarPaBdabmantémøFM TRmnwgmin
begáItkmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk nigm:Um:g;RbtikmμEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;kar)ak;TaMgRsug.
eTaHbICaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicGacRTbnÞúkCamYynwgGgát;esþIgCag nigmansßirPaBCag
ebIeRbobeFobnwgrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTick¾eday k¾mankrNIxøHKuNsm,tþiTaMgenHGacCMnYseday
KuNvibtþivijEdr. eKRtUveRbobeFobtémøsmÖar³EdlsnSMCamYynwgtémøbEnßmEdlcaM)ac;edIm,Isagsg;
rcnasm<½n§enaH edaysareBlxøHeKRtUvkarcMNayfvikarCaeRcInkñúgkarsagsg;TRm nigtMNrbs;eRKOg
bgÁúM minkMNt;edaysþaTicebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgrcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic. EtGVIEdlsMxan;CagenH
edaysareRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicmankmøaMgRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØat enaHeKRtUvRby½tñkñúgkarkarBar
sRmut DIepr:g;Esülrbs;TRm BIeRBaH\T§iBlenHnwgbegáItkugRtaMgxagkñúgenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúM. Ca]TahrN_
Rbsin ebICBa¢aMgenAcugmçagénFñwmTRmbgáb;enAkñúgrUbTI 10-1a Rsut ehIykugRtaMgnwgekItmanenAkñúg
FñwmedaysarkmøaMgEdlekItmanedaysarkMhUcRTg;RTayenH. mü:agvijeTot RbsinebIRtUv)anRTeday
TRmsamBaØ b¤Carcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic ¬rUbTI 10-1b¦ enaHsRmuténcugrbs;vanwgmineFVI[
FñwmxUcRTg;RTay ehIyvanwgmineFVI[mankugRtaMgekItmanenAkñúgFñwmeT. CaTUeTA RKb;kMhUcRTg;
RTayTaMgGs;dUcCa kMhUcRTg;RTayedaysarEdlbNþalBIbMlas;TIrbs;TRm b¤bERmbRmYlrbs;RbEvg
rbs;Ggát;EdlbNþalBI sItuNðPaB b¤edaysarkMhugqÁgkñúgkarplit nwgbegáItkugRtaMgbEnßmenAkñúg
rcnasm<½n§EdleKcaM)ac;RtUv KitBicarNaenAeBlsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic.

viFIviPaK³ enAeBlviPaKrcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTicTaMgGs; eKcaM)ac;RtUvbMeBjtRmUvkarlMnwg

(equilibrium) PaBRtUvKña (compatibility) nigTMnak;TMngkmøaMg nigbMlas;TI (force-displacement)

sRmab;rcnasm<½n§. lkçxNÐlMnwgRtUv)anbMeBjenAeBlEdlkmøaMgRbtikmμTb;rcnasm<½n§enAmYykEnøg
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -335
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

ehIylkçxNÐRtUvKñaRtUv)anbMeBjenAeBlEdlkMNat;Ggát;CaeRcInrbs;rcnasm<½n§eFVIkarCamYyKñaeday
minmankardac;xagkñúg b¤KgBIelIKña. tRmUvkarTMnak;TMngkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIGaRs½ynwgkareFVIkarrbs;
smÖar³ enAkñúgGtßbTenHeyIgsnμt;fasmÖar³eFVIkarCalkçN³eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r. CaTUeTA eKmanviFIBIr
epSgKñaedIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarTaMgenHenAeBlviPaKrcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTicKW viFIkmøaMg b¤viFIPøicsIu-
b‘IlIFI (force or flexibility method) nigviFIbMlas;TI b¤viFIPaBrwgRkaj (displacement or stiffness
method).

viFIkmøaMg³ viFIenHRtUv)anbegáIteLIgCadMbUgedayecmkøWkm:akesVl (James Clerk Maxwell) enAkñúgqñaM

1864 nigeRkaymk viFIenHRtUv)anEksRmYl[manlkçN³l¥RbesIredayGUtUmr (Otto Mohr) nig
ehnrIcm‘uyeyeRbsøÚ (Heinrich Muller-Breslau). edaysarlkçxNÐRtUvKñabegáIteKalkarN_sRmab;
viFIenH eBlxøHeKGacehAvaCaviFIxMepFIb‘IlIFI (compatibility method) b¤viFIbMlas;TIzitezr (method
of consistent displacement). viFIenHRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarsresrsmIkarEdlbMeBjlkçxNÐ

RtUvKña nigtRmUvkarénTMnak;TMngkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØat

elIs.
enAeBlEdleKkMNt;kmøaMgTaMgenHrYcehIy eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμEdlenAsl;edaybMeBjtRmUvkar
lkçxNÐlMnwg. eKalkarN_mUldæanEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarGnuvtþviFIenHmanlkçN³gayRsYlyl; nigman
lkçN³gayRsYlbegáIt ehIyvak¾RtUv)anelIkykmkBiPakSaenAkñúgCMBUkenHpgEdr.
viFIbMlas;TI³ viFIenHEp¥kelIkarsresrTMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIsRmab;Ggát;CadMbUg bnÞab;mk
Ep¥kelIkarsresrsmIkarlMnwgsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM. enAkñúgkrNIenH GBaØatenAkñúgsmIkarKWbMlas;TI. enA
eBlEdleKTTYl)anbMlas;TI eKGackMNt;kmøaMgBIlkçxNÐRtUvKña nigsmIkarTMnak;TMngrvagbMlas;TI nig
kmøaMg. eyIgnwgsikSabec©keTsxøHEdleRbIedIm,IGnuvtþviFIbMlas;TIenAkñúgCMBUk11 nigCMBUk12. rUbmnþ
ma:RTIsénviFIenHmanbgðajenAkñúgCMBUk14/ 15 nig16.
viFInImYy²énviFITaMgBIrEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-2 manKuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþiGaRs½yeTAnwg
ragFrNImaRtrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM nigdWeRkénPaBminkMNt;rbs;va.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -336

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!0>@> dMeNIrkarTUeTAkñúgkarviPaKedayviFIkmøaMg
(Force method of analysis: general procedure)
meFüa)ayd¾l¥bMputkñúgkarbgðajeKalkarN_Edl
Bak;B½n§nwgviFIkmøaMgKWBicarNaFñwmEdlbgðaj enAkñúgrUbTI
10-3a. RbsinebIeKKUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;va enaHvanwg
mankmøaMgRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatcMnYnbYn ehIyedaysarEt
vaGacmansmIkarlMnwgcMnYnbIsRmab;karedaHRsay enaHFñwm
enHCarcnasm½<n§dWeRkTImYy. dUcenH eKcaM)ac;RtUvkarsmIkar
bEnßmcMnYnmYysRmab;edaHRsay. edIm,ITTYlsmIkarenH
eyIgnwgeRbIeKalkarN_tRmYtpl nigBicarNalkçN³RtUvKña
énbMlas;TIenARtg;TRmmçag. eKGacviPaKFñwmenHedayeRCIs
erIskmøaMgRbtikmμTRmmYyCaGBaØatelIs ehIydkvaecjBI
FñwmCabeNþaHGasnñ enaHFñwmenHnwgkøayCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;
edaysþaTic nigmansßirPaB. FñwmenHeK[eQμaHfa eRKOgbgÁúM
bzm (primary structure). enATIenH eyIgnwgykkmøaMg
Rbtikmμrbs;TRmkl;Rtg;cMNuc B ecj. CalT§pl bnÞúk P
nwgeFVI[cMNuc B pøas;TIcuHeRkam edaybrimaN Δ B dUc
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-3b. b:uEnþ edayviFItRmYtpl kmøaMg
RbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatenARtg;cMNuc B eBalKW B y eFVI[FñwmenARtg;cMNuc B pøas;TIeLIgelIeday
brimaN Δ'BB ¬rUbTI 10-3c¦. enATIenHGkSr B dMbUgsMedAelIcMNuc B EdlRtUv karkMNt;PaBdab
ehIyGkSr B TIBIrsMedAelIcMNuc B EdlkmøaMgRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatmanGMeBI. eday bMlas;TIviC¢man
Edl)ansnμt;manGMeBIeLIgelI enaHBIrUbTI 10-3a rhUtdl;rUbTI 10-3c eyIgGacsresrsmIkar
RtUvKñaEdlcaM)ac;enARtg;TRmkl;Ca
(+ ↑) 0 = −Δ B + Δ' BB
\LÚveyIgsMKal;bMlas;TIenARtg;cMNuc B EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkÉktþaEdlmanGMeBItamTisrbs; B y eday
emKuNPøicsIub‘IlIFIlIenEG‘r (linear flexibility coefficient) f BB ¬rUbTI 10-3d¦. edaykareRbInimitþ
sBaØakñúgTRmg;RsedogKña f BB CaPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc B EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc B .
edaysarsmÖar³manlkçN³eGLasÞiclIenEG‘r kmøaMg B y EdlmanGMeBIIenARtg;cMNuc B ¬CMnYs[
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -337
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bnÞúkÉktþa¦ nwgeFVI[mankMeNInPaBdabsmamaRtnwg f BB . dUcenHeyIgGacsresr

Δ' BB = B y f BB

BIkarsresrkúñgTRmg;EbbenH eyIgeXIjfaemKuN linear flexibility f BB manxñatKitCaPaBdabkñúg

mYyÉktþakmøaMg eBalKW m / N b¤ mm / N .l. dUcenHeKGacsresrsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñaxagelI
edayeRbIGBaØat B y Ca
0 = −Δ B + B y f BB

edayeRbIviFIénCMBUk8 nig9 b¤edayeRbItaragPaBdabenAkñúgCMBUk9 eKGacTTYl)anTMnak;TMngrvag

bMlas;TI nigkmøaMgsRmab;PaBdab Δ B ¬rUbTI 10-3b¦ nig flexibility coefficient f BB ¬rUbTI 10-
3d¦ ehIyeKGacedaHRsayrk By )an Edl B y = Δ B / f BB . eRkayeBledaHRsayrkkmøaMgRbtikmμ
EdlCaGBaØatelIsrYcehIy eKGacedaHRsayrkkmøaMgRbtikmμbIeTotenARtg;CBa¢aMg A BIsmIkarlMnwg.
dUcGVIEdl)anerobrab;BIxagedIm eKeRCIserIs
GBaØatelIsedayminRbkan;. ]TahrN_ eKGackMNt;
m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 10-4a¦ edaypÞal;eday
dklT§PaBrbs;FñwmedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g; Rtg; A ecj
eBalKWCMnYsTRmbgáb;edayTRmsnøak;. dUcbgðajenA
kñúg rUbTI 10-4b mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A EdlbNþalBI
bnÞúk P KW θ A ehIymMurgVilenARtg; A EdlbNþalBI
M A EdlCaGBaØatelIenARtg; A KW θ ' AA ¬rUbTI 10-

4c¦. RbsinebIeyIgkMNt;nimitþsBaØarbs; angular

flexibility coefficient Ca α AA Edlmann½yfamMu

rgVilenARtg;cMNuc A EdlekItBIm:Um:g;mYyÉktþaman
GMeBIenARtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 10-4d¦ enaH
θ ' AA = M Aα AA
dUcenH angular flexibility coefficient manxñatKitCa
mMurgVilkñúgmYYyÉktþam:Um:g; dUcenHvamanxñat rad / N .m
b¤ rad / kN .m .l. dUcenHsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñasRmab;mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc A tRmUv[
( +) 0 = θ A + M Aα AA
enAkñúgkrNIenH M A = −θ A / α AA mantémøGviC¢man mann½yfa M A manGMeBIpÞúynwgm:Um:g;mYyÉktþa.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -338

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_TIbIEdlbgðajBIkarGnuvtþénviFIkmøaMgRtUv
)an[enAkñúgrUbTI 10-5a. enATIenH FñwmCarcnasm<½n§
minkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTIBIr dUcenHeKRtUvkarsmIkar
lkçxNÐRtUvKñacMnYnBIrsRmab;eFVIkar edaHRsay. eyIgnwg
eRCIserIskmøaMgbBaÄrenARtg;TRm B nig C Ca GBaØat
elIs. eRkayeBldkGBaØatelIsecj FñwmkMNt;eday
sþaTicman PaBdabdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-5b. kmøaMg
EdlCaGBaØatelIs nImYy²EdlRtUv)ansnμt;[manGMeBIcuH
eRkameFVI[FñwmmanPaBdabdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-5c
nig 10-5d erogKña. enATIenH eKkMNt; flexibility
coefficient * f BB nig f CB BIkmøaMgÉktþamanGMeBIenARtg;

cMNuc B ¬rUbTI 10-5e¦ ehIyeKkMNt; fCC nig f BC

BIkmøaMgÉktþamanGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 10-5f¦.
edayviFItRmYtpl smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñasRmab;PaBdab
Rtg;cMNuc B nig C KW
(+ ↓) 0 = Δ B + B y f BB + C y f BC

(+ ↓) 0 = Δ C + B y f CB + C y f CC (10-1)

eRkayeBlbegáItTMnak;TMngbnÞúk nigbMlas;TIedayeRbIviFI
enAkñúgCMBUk 8 nig9 eKGacedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarenHedIm,I
rk B y nig C y .
edaysarkarGnuvtþviFIkmøaMgRtUv)anbgðajtamry³]TahrN_ eyIgnwgBiPakSakarGnuvtþrbs;va
kñúgn½yTUeTA ehIybnÞab;mkeyIgnwgeRbIvaCamUldæansRmab;edaHRsaycMeNaTEdlTak;Tgnwg truss, Fñwm
nigeRKag. b:uEnþsRmab;krNITaMgGs;enH eyIgRtUvdwgfa edaysarviFIenHGaRs½ynwgkartRmYtplén
bMlas;TI eKcaM)ac;RtUv[smÖar³enAEteFVIkarkñúgEdneGLasÞiclIenEG‘renAeBlEdlvargbnÞúk. ehIy
eyIgk¾RtUvdwgEdrfa eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ nigkmøaMgkñúgTaMgGs;enARtg;cMNucmYyenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúM
edayyklT§PaBRTRTg;bnÞúkrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMecj ehIybnÞab;mksresrsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñaenARtg;
*
CaPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc B EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc B
f BB f CB CaPaBdabenARtg;cMNuc C EdlbNþalBI
kmøaMgÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc B .
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -339
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMNucenaH ¬emIl]TahrN_ 10-5¦.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFITUeTAsRmab;kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ b¤kmøaMgkñúgrbs;rcnasm<½n§minkMNt;
edaysþaTicedayeRbIviFIkmøaMg b¤viFIPøicsIub‘IlIFI.
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl
kMNt;cMnYndWeRkminkMNt; n rbs;rcnasm<½n§. bnÞab;mkkMNt;GBaØatelIs n CakmøaMg b¤Cam:Um:g;EdlRtUv
dkecjCabeNþaHGasnñBIrcnasm<½n§edIm,IeFVI[vaeTACaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic nigmansßirPaB.
edayeRbIviFItRmYtpl KUreRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic nigbgðajfavaesμIeTAnwges‘rIéneRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;
edaysþaTicEdlRtUvKña. rcnasm<½n§dMbUgCaeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTicEdlRTbnÞúkxageRkAdUceRKOgbgÁúM
minkMNt;edaysþaTic ehIyrcnasm<½n§déTepSgeTotCarcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTicbEnßmeTAelIrcna
sm<½ndMbUg ehIyfaRTbnÞúk b¤m:Um:g;EdlCaGBaØatelIsdac;edayELkBIKña. ehIyKUrExSekageGLasÞic
enAelIrcnasm<½n§nImYy² nigbgðajnimitþsBaØabMlas;TI b¤nimitþsBaØamMurgVilrbs;kmøaMg b¤m:Um:g;EdlCa
GBaØatelIs.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña
sresrsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñasRmab;bMlas;TI nigmMurgVilenARtg;cMNucnImYy²EdlmankmøaMg b¤m:Um:g;
EdlCaGBaØatelIs. eKKYrsresrsmIkarTaMgenHedayeRbIGBaØatelIs nig flexibility coefficient Edl
RtUvKñarbs;vaEdl)anBIbnÞúkÉktþa b¤m:Um:g;ÉktþaEdlRtUvKñanwgkmøaMg b¤m:Um:g;elIs.
kMNt;PaBdab nig flexibility coefficient TaMgGs;edayeRbItaragenAkñúgCMBUk9 b¤eRbIviFIenAkñúg
CMBUk8 b¤CMBUk9 . CMnYsTMnak;TMngrvagbMlas;TI nigkmøaMgeTAkñúgsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña ehIyedaHRsay
*

rkGBaØatelIs. RbsinebItémøCaelxrbs;GBaØatelIsGviC¢man vabgðajfaGBaØatelIsmanGMeBIpÞúyeTA

nwgkmøaMgÉktþa b¤m:Um:g;Éktþa.
smIkarlMnwg
sg;düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;rcnasm<½n§. edaysareyIg)anKNnakmøaMg nig¬b¤¦m:Um:g;EdlCaGBaØatelIs
rYcehIy eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatEdlenAesssl;BIsmIkarlMnwg.

*
eKesñIfa RbsinebIdüaRkam M / EI sRmab;FñwmmanlkçN³samBaØ eKGaceRbIRTwsIRkLaépÞm:Um:g; b¤viFIFñwmnimitþ. eKGackMNt;
FñwmEdlmandüaRkam M / EI sμúKsμajenARKb;cMNucenAelIrcnasm<½n§edayeRbIviFIEdl)anerobrab;sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;eday
sþaTic.
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -340
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

eyIgKYrdwgfa enAeBlEdleyIgTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμTRmTaMgGs;rYcehIy eyIgGacsg;

düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g; ehIyeyIgGackMNt;PaBdabenARKb;cMNucTaMgGs;enAelIeRKOg
bgÁúMedayeRbIviFIEdlmanerobrab;sRmab;rcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic.

!0>#> RTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl c,ab;ebFI

Maxwell’s theorem of reciprocal displacement; Betti’s law
enAeBlEdlm:akSEvl)anbegáItviFIkmøaMg Kat;k¾)anpSBVpSayRTwsþIEdlTak;TgeTAnwgeTAnwg
flexibility coefficient énBIrcMNucenAelIrcnasm<½n§eGLasÞicEdlmandUcCa truss, Fñwm b¤eRKag. eK

GacehARTwsþIenHfaRTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUk EdleBaldUcteTA³ bMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc B enAelIeRKOgbgÁúM

EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkÉktþaEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc A esμIeTAnwgbMlas;TIrbs;cMNuc A enAeBlEdl
bnÞúkÉktþamanGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc B eBalKW f BA = f AB .
eKbkRsayRTwsþIenHedayRsYledayeRbIeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ. Ca]TahrN_ BicarNaFñwmenA
kñúgrUbTI 10-6. enAeBlbnÞúkÉktþaBitmanGMeBIenARtg; A snμt;fam:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmtameday m A .
edIm,IkMNt; flexibility coefficient enARtg; B eBalKW f BA eKRtUvdak;bnÞúkÉktþanimitþenARtg;cMNuc B
¬rUbTI 10-7¦ ehIyeKkMNt;m:Um:t;Bt; mB . edayGnuvtþsmIkar 9-18 eyIg)an
mB m A
f BA = ∫ dx
EI
dUcKña RbsinebIeKkMNt; flexibility coefficient f AB enAeBlkmøaMgÉktþaBitmanGMeBIenARtg;
cMNuc B ¬rUbTI10-7¦ enaH mB Cam:Um:gBt;enAkñúgFñwmEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgÉktþaBit. mü:agvijeTot m A
Cam:Um:g;Bt;EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgÉktþanimitþenARtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 10-6¦. dUcenH
m A mB
f AB = ∫ dx
EI

GaMgetRkalTaMgBIrpþl;nUvlT§pldUcKñaEdlRtUvnwgBMenalrbs;RTwsþI. RTwsþIenHk¾GacGnuvtþ
sRmab;mMurgVilersIuRbUkEdr EdlRTwsþIenHeBaldUcteTA³ mMurgVilenARtg;cMNuc B enAelIeRKOgbgÁúMEdl
bNþalBIm:Um:g;ÉktþaEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc A esμInwgmMurgVIlenARtg;cMNuc A enAeBlm:Um;g;manGMeBI
enARtg;cMNuc B . elIsBIenH edayeRbIkmøaMg nigm:Um:g;ÉktþaEdlGnuvtþenAelIrcnasm<½n§Rtg;cMNucdac;
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -341
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayELkBIKña eyIgk¾GaceBaldUcteTA³ mMurgVilKitCara:düg;enARtg;cMNuc B enAelIrcnasm<½n§Edl

bNþalBIbnÞúkÉktþaEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc A esμInwgbMlas;TIenARtg;cMNuc A enAeBlm:Um:g;Éktþa
manGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc B .
Cavi)akénRTwsþIenH eKGacsnSMsMéckargar)anxøHenAeBlGnuvtþviFIkmøaMgedIm,IedaHRsaycMeNaT
Edlrcnasm<½n§Carcnasm<<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTIBIr b¤eRcInCagenH. ]TahrN_ eKRtUvkarkMNt;
flexibility coefficient EtmYyb:ueNÑaHkñúgcMeNam f BC nig f CB enAkñúgsmIkar 10-1 edaysar f BC

= f CB . elIsBIenH eKGaceRbIRTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkenAkñúgkarkarviPaKrcnasm<½n§ nigsRmab;sg;ExS

\T§iBledayeRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyeyeRbsøÚ ¬emIlkfaxNÐ 10.10¦.

enAeBleKeFIV[RTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkmanTRmg;kan;EtTUeTA eK[eQμaHvafac,ab;ebFI. c,ab;enH
eBaly:agsegçbfa³ kmμnþnimitþ δU AB eFVIedayRbB½n§kmøaMg ∑ PB CamYynwgbMlas;TIEdlbNþal BIRbB½n§
kmøaMg ∑ PA esμIeTAnwgkmμnþnimitþ δU BA EdlbNþalBIkmøaMg ∑ PA enAeBlrcnasm<½n§xUcRTg;RTayeday
sarRbB½n§kmøaMg ∑ PB . eKGacniyaymü:ageTotfa δU AB = δU BA . karbkRsaynUvBMenalenHman
lkçN³dUcKñanwgkarbkRsayRTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkxagelI.

!0>$> karviPaKFñwmtamviFIkmøaMg (Force method of analysis: Beams)

viFIkmøaMgEdlGnuvtþeTAelIFñwmRtUv)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 10-2. edayGnuvtþtamkarerob
rab;BIdMeNIrkarviFIEdlmanEcgenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 10-2 eyIgnwgbgðajBI]TahrN_CaeRcInEdlENnaMBIkar
Gnuvtþbec©keTsenH.

]TahrN_ 10-1³ kMNt;RbtikmμTRmenARtg;TRmkl; B rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-8a.

EI Ca témøefr.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -342

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ tamkarGegát FñwmCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYy. eKnwgyk By
CaGBaØatelIs dUcenHeKGackMNt;kmøaMgenHedaypÞal;. rUbTI 10-8b bgðajBIkarGnuvtþéneKalkarN_
tRmYtpl. cMNaMfa karykGBaØatelIsecjTamTar[ykTRmkl; b¤karTb;rbs;FñwmtamTis By ecj.
enATIenH eyIgsnμt;fa By eFVIGMeBIeTAelIFñwmedaymanTisedAeLIgelI.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ edayykbMlas;TIviC¢manmanTisedAeLIgelI ¬rUbTI 10-8b¦ eyIg)an
(+ ↑) 0 = − Δ B + B y f BB (1)

eKGacTTYl)antY Δ B nig f BB edaygayedayeRbItaragenAkñúCMBUk9. cMNaMfa Δ B = ΔC + θC (6m)

dUcenH
P(L / 2)3 P(L / 2)2 ⎛ L ⎞
ΔB = + ⎜ ⎟
3EI 2 EI ⎝ 2 ⎠

=
(50kN )(6m )3 + (50kN )(6m )2 (6m ) = 9000kN .m3 ↓
3EI 3EI EI
PL 1(12m )
3
576m 3 3
f BB = = = ↑
3EI 3EI EI
edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
(+ ↑) 0=−
9000 ⎛ 576 ⎞
+ By ⎜ ⎟ B y = 15.6kN
EI ⎝ EI ⎠
RbsinebIeKdak;kmøaMgRbtikmμenHeTAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;Fñwm eKGacTTYlkmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A
BIsmIkarlMnwgbI ¬rUbTI 10-8c¦.
eRkayeBlkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTaMgGs; eKGacsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-
8d.

]TahrN_ 10-2³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;CBa¢aMgbgáb;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-9a. EI Ca

témøefr.
dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ eyIgnwgyk M A CaGBaØatelIs edaysareyIgGackMNt;m:Um:g;enHedaypÞal;.
rUbTI 10-8b bgðajBIkarGnuvtþéneKalkarN_tRmYtpl. enATIenH eyIgdklT§PaBrbs;FñwmTb;Tl;nwg
m:Um:g;enARtg;TRm A . eyIgsnμt;fa M A eFVIGMeBIRcasRTnicnaLika.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ edayykmMurgVilviC¢manvilRcasRTnicnaLika ¬rUbTI 10-9b¦ eyIg)an
( +) 0 = θ A + M Aα AA (1)
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -343
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKGackMNt;tY θ A nig α AA BItaragenAkñúgtaragkñúgCMBUk9. eyIg)an

ML 30kN .m(3m ) 15kN .m 2
θA = = =
6 EI 6 EI EI
ML 1(3m ) 1m
α AA = = =
3EI 3EI EI
edayCMnYseTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
15 ⎛ 1 ⎞
( +) 0= + M A⎜ ⎟ M A = -15kN.m
EI ⎝ EI ⎠
sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfa M A eFVIGMeBIpÞúyeTAnwgGVIEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-9b. enAeBleyIgdak;
kmøaMgRbtikmμenHeTAelIFñwm eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμdéTeTotBIsmIkarlMnwg ¬rUbTI 10-9c¦.
düaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-9d.

]TahrN_ 10-3³ sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-

10a. TRm B mansRmut 40mm . yk E = 200GPa / I = 500(106 )mm 4 .
dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ tamkarGegát FñwmenHCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYy. eyIgeRCIs
erIsTRmkNþal B CaGBaØatelIs dUcenHeyIgRtUvdkTRmkl;enARtg; B ecj ¬rUbTI 10-10b¦.
enATIenH eyIgsnμt;fa By manTisedAcuHeRkam.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ eyagtamcMNuc B enAkñúgrUbTI 10-10b nigedayeRbIxñatEm:Rt eyIg)an
(+ ↓) 0.04 = Δ B + B y f BB (1)

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -344

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

enATIenHeyIgnwgeRbIviFIFñwmRtUvKñaedIm,IKNna Δ B nig f BB edaysardüaRkamm:Um:g;pSMeLIgedaybnÞat;

Rtg;. sRmab; Δ B epÞógpÞat;karKNnaEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-10c. cMNaMfa
+ ∑ M B' = 0 − M B' +
800
(2.667 ) − 1000 (8) = 0
EI EI
5866.67 5867
M B' =− =
EI EI
epÞógpÞat;karKNnaenAkñúgrUbTI 10-10d sRmab;karKNna f BB . cMNaMfa
+ ∑ M B' = 0 − mB ' +
16
(2.667 ) − 16 (8) = 0
EI EI
85.33 85.33
mB ' = − =
EI EI
edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an
5866.67 ⎛ 85.33 ⎞
0.04 = + By ⎜ ⎟
EI ⎝ EI ⎠

Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -345

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayCMnYs E nig I Caelx eyIg)an

(0.04m )([ 200)(106 )kN / m 2 ][500(106 )(10 −12 )m 4 ] = 5866.67 + B y (85.33)
B y = −21.875kN

smIkarlMnwg³ sBaØaGviC¢manbgðajfa By eFVIGMeBIelIFñwmedaymanTisedAeLIgelI. BIdüaRkamGgÁesrI

EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-10e eyIg)an
+∑MA = 0 − 100(4 ) + 21.875(8) + C y (16 ) = 0

C y = 14.06kN

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay − 100 + 21.875 + 14.06 = 0

Ay = 64.06kN

edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH epÞógpÞat;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-

10f.

]TahrN_ 10-4³ sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-

11a. EI mantémøefr. ecal\T§iBlrbs;kmøaMgtamG½kS.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -346

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ edaysareyIgecalbnÞúktamG½kS FñwmCarcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTI
mYy. eyIgKitm:Um:g;cugTaMgBIrenARtg;cMNuc A nig B CaGBaØatelIs. eKRtUvdklT§PaBrbs;FñwmEdlTb;
Tl;nwgm:Um:g; edayCMnYsTRmsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc A nigTRmkl;enARtg;cMNuc B . eKalkarN_tRmYtpl
EdlGnuvtþeTAelIFñwmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-11b.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ eyagtamcMNuc A nigcMNuc B ¬rUbTI 10-11b¦ tRmUv[
( +) 0 = θ A + M Aα AA + M Bα AB (1)
( +) 0 = θ B + M Aα BA + M Bα BB (2)
eyIgGackMNt;mMurgVilEdlRtUvkar nig angular flexibility coefficient edayeRbItaragenAkñúgCMBUk 9.
eyIg)an
3wL3 3(30 )(6 )3 151.9
θA = = =
128 EI 128 EI EI
7 wL3 7(30 )(6 )3 118.1
θB = = =
384 EI 384 EI EI
ML 1(6 ) 2
α AA = = =
3EI 3EI EI
ML 1(6 ) 2
α BB = = =
3EI 3EI EI
ML 1(6 ) 1
α AB = = =
6 EI 6 EI EI
cMNaMfa α AB = α BA CalkçN³sMxan;rbs;RTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl.
edayCMnYsTinñn½yxagelIeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) nig (2) eyIg)an
151.9 ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
0= + M A⎜ ⎟ + M B ⎜ ⎟
EI ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠
118.1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
0= + M A⎜ ⎟ + M B ⎜ ⎟
EI ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠
edaysRmYl EI nigedayedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarTaMgenH eyIg)an
M A = −61.9kN .m M B = −28.1kN .m
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgkat;xagcugFñwm ¬rUbTI 10-11c¦ ehIyeyIgGacsg;
düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;.

]TahrN_ 10-5³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmsRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-12a. EI man

témøefr.
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -347
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ edaykarGegát FñwmenHCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYy. enATIenH
eyIgnwgeRCIserIsm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRm B CaGBaØatelIs. Cavi)ak eyIgnwgkat;FñwmenHedaydac;ecjBIKña
ehIydak;TRmsnøak; b¤TRmkl;enARtg;cMNuc B edIm,IdklT§PaBrbs;FñwmEdlTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;enARtg;
cMNucenH ¬rUbTI 10-12b¦. eK[m:Um:g;Bt;manGMeBIelIFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 10-12c.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ BIrUbTI 10-12a eyIgtRmUv[
( +) 0 = θ B + M Bα BB
Edl θ B = θ ' B +θ "B
nig α BB = α ' BB +α "BB
eKGackMNt;mMurgVil nig angular flexibility coefficient BItaragenAkñúgCMBUk 9 Edl
wL3 2(3.6 )3 3.888kN .m 2
θ 'B = = =
24 EI 24 EI EI
PL2 2.5(3)2 1.406kN .m 2
θ "B = = =
16 EI 16 EI EI
ML 1(3.6 ) 1.2m
α ' BB = = =
3EI 3EI EI
ML 1(3) 1m
α "BB = = =
3EI 3EI EI

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -348

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

3.888kN .m 2 1.406kN .m 2 ⎛ 1.2m 1m ⎞

dUcenH EI
+
EI
+ MB⎜
⎝ EI
+ ⎟=0
EI ⎠

M B = −2.406kN .m
sBaØadkbgðajfa M B eFVIGMeBItamTisedApÞúyeTAnwgkarbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-12c. edayeRbIlT§pl
enH eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-12d. elIsBIenH düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nig
düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-12e.

!0>%> karviPaKeRKagtamviFIkmøaMg (Force method of analysis: Frames)

viFIkmøaMgmanPaBgayRsYlkñúgkaredaHRsayeRKagminkMNt;edaysþaTicmYyCan; nigmanrag
FrNImaRtminFmμtadUcCa gabled frames. sRmab;edaHRsayeRKagminkMNt;eRcInCan; b¤eRKOgbgÁúMEdl
mandWeRkminkMNt;x<s; eKeRbIviFIsøÚbDIPøicsin ¬slope-deflection) b¤viFIEbgEckm:Um:g; (moment-
distribution) b¤viFIsÞIveNs (stiffness method) Edlnwgerobrab;enAkñúgemeronxagmux.

]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþénviFIkmøaMgedayeRbIdMeNIrviFIdUcerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ
10-2.

]TahrN_ 10-6³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmrbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-13a. EI man

témøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -349
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ edaykarGegát eRKagCarcnasm<½n§minkMNt;dWeRkTImYy. eyIgnwgeRCIserIskmøaMg

RbtikmμtamTisedkenARtg; B CaGBaØatelIs. dUcenH eyIgCMnYssnøak;enARtg; B edayTRmkl; eday
sarTRmkl;minTb;cMNuc B tamTisedk.
dUcenHeKalkarN_tRmYtplEdlGnuvtþeTAelIeRKagRtUv)anbgðajenA kñúgrUbTI 10-13b.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ eyagtamcMNuc B enAkñúgrUbTI 10-13b tRmUv[
+
(→) 0 = Δ B + Bx f BB (1)
eKGackMNt;tY Δ B nig f BB edayeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. kUGredaen x rbs;eRKag nigm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI10-13c nig10-13d. eKcaM)ac;RtUveCIserIskUGredaen x1 nig x2 dUcKñasRmab;krNI
nImYy² ¬TaMgsRmab;bnÞúkBit nigsRmab;bnÞúknimitþ¦. ehIyTisedAviC¢masRmab; M nig m k¾RtUvEtdUc
Kña.
sRmab; Δ B eyIgtRmUv[bnÞúkBit ¬rUbTI 10-13c¦manGMeBIenAelIeRKag nigbnÞúkÉktþanimitþ
manGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc B ¬rUbTI 10-13d¦. dUcenH
L Mm 5 (20 x1 − 4 x12 )(0.8 x1 )dx1 4 0(1x2 )dx2
ΔB = ∫0 dx =
EI ∫0 EI
+ ∫0 EI
166.7 166.7
= +0=
EI EI
sRmab; f BB eyIgtRmUv[bnÞúkÉktþaBit nigbnÞúkÉktþanimitþmanGeBIenARtg;cMNuc B ¬rUbTI 10-
13d¦. dUcenH
5 (0.8 x1 ) dx1 4 (1x2 ) dx2
2 2
L mm
f BB = ∫ dx = ∫ +∫
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
26.7 21.3 48.0
= + =
EI EI EI
edayCMnYsTinñn½yxagelIeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) nigedayedaHRsay eyIgTTYl)an
166.7 ⎛ 48.0 ⎞
0= + Bx ⎜ ⎟ Bx = −3.47kN
EI ⎝ EI ⎠
smIkarlMnwg³ edaybgðaj Bx enAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKagedayeRbITisedARtwmRtUv ¬rUbTI 10-
13e¦ nigedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwg eyIgTTYl)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 Ax − 3.47 = 0 Ax = 3.47kN
+∑MA = 0 − 40(2.5) + B y (5) − 3.47(4 ) = 0 B y = 22.8kN

+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 Ay − 40 + 22.8 = 0 Ay = 17.2kN

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -350

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 10-7³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRmbgáb; A rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-14a. EI

mantémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ eRKagenHCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;dWeRkTImYy. eKGacTTYldMeNaHRsaysRmab;
M A edaypÞal;edayeRCIserIsvaCaGBaØatelIs. dUcenHeyIgGacdklT§PaBrbs;eRKagTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;

Rtg; A dUcenHeyIgGaceRbITRmsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc A . eKalkarN_tRmYtplEdlGnuvtþeTAelIeRKag

RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-14b.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ eyagtamcMNuc B enAkñúgrUbTI 10-14b tRmUv[
( +) 0 = θ A + M Aα AA (1)

dUc]TahrN_mun² eKGacKNna θ A nig α AA edayeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. kUGredaen x rbs;eRKag

nigm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-14c nig10-14d.
sRmab; θ A eyIgTamTarnUvkarGnuvtþrbs;bnÞúkBit ¬rUbTI 10-14c¦ nigm:Um:g;ÉktþanimitþenARtg;cMNuc
A ¬rUbTI 10-14d¦. dUcenH
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -351
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

MmθL
θA = ∑ ∫ dx
0 EI

=∫
2.4 (0.13 x1 )(1 − 0.278 x1 )dx1
+∫
( )
1.5 1.34 x2 − 0.75 x22 (0.222 x2 )dx2
0 EI 0 EI
0.209 0.124 0.333
= + =
EI EI EI
sRmab; α AA eyIgTamTarnUvkarGnuvtþrbs;m:Um:g;ÉktþaBit nigm:Um:g;ÉktþanimitþEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;
cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 10-14d¦. dUcenH
L mθ mθ
α AA = ∑ ∫ dx
0 EI

=∫
2.4 (1 − 0.278 x2 )2 dx1 + 1.5 (0.222 x2 )2 dx2
0 EI ∫0 EI
1.155 0.555 1.21
= + =
EI EI EI
edayCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) nigedayedaHRsayeyIgTTYl)an
0.333 ⎛ 1.21 ⎞
0= + M A⎜ ⎟ M A = −0.275kN .m
EI ⎝ EI ⎠
sBaØadkbgðajfa M A manGMeBItamTisedApÞúyeTAnwgGVIEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI10-14b.

!0>^> karviPaK truss tamviFIkmøaMg (Force method of analysis: Trusses)

CaTUeTA eKGackMNt;dWeRkminkMNt;rbs; truss edaykarGegát b:uEnþRbsinebIeKmankarlM)ak
kñúgkareFVIEbbenH eKGaceRbIsmIkar 3-1 (b + r > 2 j ) . enATIenH GBaØatRtUv)ansMEdgedaycMnYnkmøaMg
r)ar (b) bUknwgkmøaMgRbtikmμTRm (r ) ehIycMnYnsmIkarlMnwgEdlGacmanKW (2 j ) edaysareKGac
sresrsmIkarBIrsRmab;tMN ( j ) nImYy².
viFIkmøaMgCaviFImYyEdlmanlkçN³smRsbkñúgkarviPaK truss minkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYy
b¤TIBIr. ]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþrbs;viFIenHedayeRbIdMeNIrkarviPaKEdlerobrab;enAkñúg
kfaxNÐ 10-2.

]TahrN_ 10-8³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; AC rbs; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-15a. EI

mantémøefrsRmab;RKb;Ggát;TaMgGs;.
dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ tamkarGegát truss enHCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYy . eday *

*
edayGnuvtþsmIkar (3-1) b + r > 2 j b¤ 6 + 3 > 2(4) / 9 > 8 / 9 − 8 = 1
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -352
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

sareKkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; AC edayeRCIserIsvaCaGBaØatelIs. eKRtUvkat;Ggát;enHedIm,IkMu[va

mankmøaMg ehtudUcenHehIy truss enHkøayCarcnasm<½n§kMNt;edaysþaTic nigmansßirPaB. eKalkarN_
tRmYtEdlGnuvtþeTAelI truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-15b.

smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ edayeyageTAtamGgát; AC enAkñúgrUbTI 10-15b eyIgtRmUv[bMlas;TI Δ AC

EdlekIteLIgenAxagcugGgát;Edlkat; AC EdlbNþalBIbnÞúk 2kN bUknwgbMlas;TI FAC f ACAC
EdlbNþalBIkmøaMgEdlCaGBaØatelIsEdlmanGMeBIEtÉgesμIsUnü enaH
0 = Δ AC + FAC f ACAC (1)
enATIenH flexibility coefficient f ACAC CabMlas;TIenARtg;cMNuccugkMNt;Ggát;Edlkat;rbs; AC Edl
bNþalBIbnÞúkÉktþaBitEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cugEdlrgkarkat;énGgát; AC . tY f ACAC nig Δ AC RtUv
)ankMNt;edayeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ. karviPaKkmøaMgedayeRbIviFItMNRtUv)ansegçbenAkñúgrUbTI 10-15c
nig 10-15d.
sRmab; Δ AC eyIgtRmUv[mankarGnuvtþénkmøaMgBit 2kN ¬rUbTI 10-15c¦ nigkmøaMgÉktþa
nimitþmanGMeBIenARtg;cugrgkarkat;énGgát; AC ¬rUbTI 10-15d¦. dUcenH
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -353
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

nNL
Δ AC = ∑
AE
⎡ (− 0.8)(2)(2.4) ⎤ ⎡ (− 0.6)(0)(1.8) ⎤ ⎡ (− 0.6 )(1.5)(1.8)⎤
= 2⎢ ⎥⎦ + ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ + ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
⎣ AE AE AE
⎡ (1)(− 2.5)(3) ⎤ ⎡ (1)(0 )(3) ⎤
+⎢ ⎥⎦ + ⎢⎣ AE ⎥⎦
⎣ AE
16.8
=−
AE
sRmab; f ACAC eyIgtRmUv[mankarGnuvtþkmøaMgÉktþaBit nigkmøaMgÉktþanimitþenARtg;cugkMNt;Edl
rgkarkat;énGgát; AC ¬rUbTI 10-15d¦. dUcenH
n2 L
f ACAC = ∑
AE
⎡ (− 0.8)2 (2.4) ⎤ ⎡ (− 0.6)2 (1.8) ⎤ ⎡ (1)2 (3)⎤
= 2⎢ ⎥ + 2⎢ ⎥+⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ AE ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ AE ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ AE ⎦⎥
10.37
=
AE
edayCMnYsTinñn½yTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) nigedayedaHRsay eyIg)an
16.8 10.37
0=− + FAC
AE AE
FAC = 1.62kN (T )
edaysarlT§plCaelxmantémøviC¢man enaH AC rgkmøaMgTajdUckarsnμt; ¬rUbTI 10-15b¦. eday
eRbIlT§plenH eyIgGackkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;déTedayeRbIviFItMN nigsmIkarlMnwg.

]TahrN_ 10-9³ kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²én truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-16a Rbsin

ebIeKeRbIekALak;enAelIGgát; AC edIm,IeFVI[Ggát;enHxøICagGgát; BD RbEvg 12.5mm . Ggát;
nImYy²manmuxkat; 125mm2 nig E = 200GPa .
dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ Truss enHmanragFrNImaRtdUcnwg truss enAkñúg]TahrN_ 10-8. edaysareK
eFVI[Ggát; AC rYjxøI eyIgnwgeRCIserIsvaCaGBaØatelIs ¬rUbTI 10-16b¦.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ edaysarminmanbnÞúkxageRkAmanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgÁúM (truss) edIm dUcenHvamin
manbMlas;TIenAcenøaHcugkMNat;rgkarkat;rbs;Ggát;edaysarbnÞúkeT eBalKW Δ AC = 0 . Flexibility
coefficient f ACAC RtUv)ankMNt;rUcehIyenAkñúg]TahrN_ 10-8 dUcenH
10.37
f ACAC =
AE

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -354

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

edaysnμt;brimaNrYjxøIrbs;Ggát;mantémøviC¢man dUcenHsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñasRmab;Ggát;KW
10.37
0.0125m = 0 + FAC
AE
edaydwgfa f ACAC CabMlas;TIkñúgmYyÉktþakmøaMg eyIg)an
10.37m
0.0125m = 0 +
(125mm )(200kN / mm ) F
2 2 AC

dUcenH FAC = 30.14kN = 30.1kN (T )

edaysarminmankmøaMgxageRkAmanGMeBIelI truss kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmesμIsUnü. dUcenH edayeRbI FAC

nigedayviPaK truss edayviFItMN eyIgTTYl)anlT§pldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-16c.

!0>&> eRKOgbgÁúMkMub:UsIut (Composite structures)

eRKOgbgÁúMkMub:UsIutpSMeLIgedayGgát;xøHEdlrgEtnwgkmøaMgtamG½kS xN³Ggát;déTeTotrgkar
Bt;. RbsinebIvaCarcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic viFIkmøaMgmanlkçN³gayRsYlkñúgkareRbIsRmab;
viPaKva. ]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIdMeNIrkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMEbbenH.

]TahrN_ 10-10³ FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-17a RtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc A

nigP¢ab;eTAnwgr)arBIrEdlmanTRmsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc B . kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BD . yk
E = 200GPa / I = 300(106 )mm 4 sRmab;Fñwm nig A = 1800mm 2 sRmab;r)ardéTeTot .

Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -355

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
eKalkarN_tRmYtpl³ tamkarGegát FñwmCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYy. sRmab;karedaH
Rsay eKeRCIserIskmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; BD CaGBaØatelIs. dUcenH eKRtUvkat;Ggát;enHedIm,IlubbM)at;
lT§PaBTb;Tl;kmøaMgrbs;va. eKalkarN_tRmYtplEdlGnuvtþeTAelIeRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
¬rUbTI 10-17b¦.
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña³ edayeyagtambMlas;TIénGgát; BD Edlrgkarkat; ¬rUbTI 10-17b¦ eyIg
tRmUv[
0 = Δ BD + FBD f BDBD (1)
eyIgGaceRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþedIm,IKNna Δ BD nig f BDBD . karviPaKkmøaMgEdlcaM)ac;RtUv)anbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 10-17c nig10-17d.

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -356

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

sRmab; Δ BD eyIgtRmUv[mankarGnuvtþkmøaMgBit ¬rUbTI 10-17c¦ nigkmøaMgnimitþÉktþa

GnuvtþenARtg;cugrgkarkat;rbs;Ggát; BD ¬rUbTI 10-17d¦. enATIenH eyIgnwgBicarNaEtfamBlbMEr
bMrYlrageFobEdlbNþalBIkarBt; nigbNþalBIkmøaMgtamG½kSenAkñúgFñwmEtb:ueNÑaH. dUcenH
Mm
L nNL
Δ BD = ∫ dx + ∑
0EI AE

=∫
( ) (
3 30 x − 3.33 x (0 )dx (− 69.3)(− 0.816 ) 1.8 / cos 30 o
3
+ +
) (
(0)(1) 1.8 / cos 45o )
0 EI AE AE
117.5
= 0+ + 0 = 0.0003264m = 0.326mm
1800(20 )
sRmab; f BDBD eyIgtRmUv[mankarGnuvtþrbs;bnÞúkBitÉktþa nigbnÞúkÉktþanimitþenARtg;cug
kMNat;Ggát;rgkarkat;rbs;Ggát; BD ¬rUbTI 10-17d¦. dUcenH
L m 2 dx n2 L
f BDBD = ∫ +∑
0 EI AE

=∫
3 (0)2 dx + (− 0.816)2 (1.8 / cos 30o ) + (1)2 (1.8 / cos 45o )
0
EI AE AE
=
3.93
( )
1800(200 )
−5
= 1.092 10 m / kN

edayCMnYsTinñn½yEdl)anrkBIxagelIeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) eyIg)an

0 = Δ BD + FBD f BDBD

0 = 0.0003264 + FBD (1.092 ) 10 −5 ( )

FBD = −29.9kN = 29.9kN (C )
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH KUrdüaRkamGgÁesrIsRmab;Fñwm ehIybgðaj FBC = 44.9kN (C ) /
Ax = 1.31kN nig Ay = 30.0kN .

!0>*> kMNt;sMKal;bEnßmelIkarviPaKtamviFIkmøaMg
(Additional remarks on the force method of analysis)
enAeBlenHedaysareKalKMniténviFIkmøaMgRtUv)anGPivDÄ eyIgnwgbnþeFVI[karGnuvtþrbs;va
manlkçN³TUeTA ehIyeyIgnwgBiPakSaBIplRbeyaCn_rbs;va.
enAeBlKNna flexibility coefficient fij b¤ αij sRmab;rcnasm<½n§ eKRtUvcMNaMfavaGaRs½y
Et nwglkçN³smÖar³ niglkçN³FrNImaRtrbs;Ggát; nigminGaRs½ynwgkardak;bnÞúkelIeRKOgbgÁúMdMbUg
(primary structure) eT. dUcenH enAeBlEdltémøTaMgenHRtUv)anKNna eKGaceRbIvaedIm,IKNna

kmøaMgsRmab;RKb;kardak;bnÞúkTaMgGs;.
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -357
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

sRmab;rcnasm<½n§EdlmanGBaØat Rn elIscMnYn n eyIgGacsresrsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñacMnYn

n Edl
Δ1 + f11R1 + f12 R2 + L + f1n Rn = 0
Δ 2 + f 21R1 + f 22 R2 + L + f 2n Rn = 0
M
Δ n + f n1R1 + f n 2 R2 + L + f nn Rn = 0
enATIenH bMlas;TI Δ1 / >>>/ Δ n bNþalmkBIbnÞúkBitEdlmanGMeBIenAelI primary structure nigbNþalBI
sRmutrbs;TRm b¤bNþalBIbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB b¤kMhusqÁgkñúgkarplitGgát;. edIm,IsRmYldl;kar
KNnarcnasm<½n§EdlmandWeRkminkMNt;x<s; eKGacsresrsmIkarxagelICaragm:aRTIsdUcxageRkam
⎡ f11 f12 L f1n ⎤ ⎧ R1 ⎫ ⎧ Δ1 ⎫
⎢f ⎥ ⎪ ⎪
L f 2n ⎥ ⎪ R2 ⎪ ⎪Δ ⎪
⎢ 21 f 22 ⎪ 2⎪
⎨ ⎬ = −⎨ ⎬ (10-2)
⎢ M ⎥ ⎪M ⎪ ⎪ M ⎪
⎢ ⎥⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩Δ n ⎪⎭
⎣ f1n f 2n L f nn ⎦ ⎩ Rn ⎭

b¤ f R = −Δ

CaBiess eKRtUvcMNaMfa fij = f ji ( f12 = f 21, etc.) tamRTwsþIm:akSEvlénbMlas;TIrIsIuRbUk

¬b¤c,ab;ebFI¦. dUcenH flexibility matrix Cam:aRTIssIuemRTI ehIyTRmg;enHmanRbeyaCn_enAeBledaH
RsaysMnMusmIkarlIenEG‘rFM² dUcenAkñúgkrNIrcnasm<½n§EdlmandWeRkminkMNt;x<s;.
enAkñúgCMBUkenH eyIg)ankMNt; flexibility coefficient edayeRbIviFIkmμnþnimitþ edaysarvaGnuvtþ
eTAelIeRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUl. b:uEnþ eKGacTTYlemKuNsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUleday
eRbIsmIkarbMElg (transformation equation) edIm,ITTYltémøTaMgenH sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMTaMgmUl. viFIenH
RtUv)anerobrab;enAkñúgesovePAEdlniyayGMBIkarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMedaym:aRTIs nigminRtUv)anerobrab;enA
kñúgesovePAenHeT*.
eTaHbIkarlMGitsRmab;karGnuvtþviFIkmøaMgedayeRbIviFIkMuBüÚT½rk¾minRtUv)anelIkykmkniyayenA
kñúgesovePAenHk¾eday k¾eyIgGaceFIVkarGegátTUeTA nigeFVImUlvicarenAeBleRbIviFIenHedIm,IedaHRsaycM-
eNaTEdlmandWeRkminkMNt;x<s;. Tak;TgnwgbBaðaenH edIm,ITTYl)andMeNaHRsaykan;EtsuRkiteKRtUv
[ flexibility coefficient EdlenAEk,rGgát;RTUgrbs;m:aRTIs f FMCag flexibility coefficient EdlenA
q¶ay. edIm,ITTYl)anEbbenH eKRtUvBicarNakñúgkareRCIserIs primary structure. edIm,IsRmYlkúñgkar
KNna fij eKENnaM[eRCIserIs primary structure y:agNa[vaCaeRKOgbgÁúMsIuemRTI. kareFVIEbbenH
nwg[eyIgTTYl)an flexibility coefficient xøHdUcKña b¤k¾GacesμIsUnü. cugeRkay rUbragxUcRTg;RTay

*
emIl H.C. Martin, Introduction to Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York Ca]TahrN_.
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -358
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

rbs; primary structure nwgRsedognwgrUbragxUcRTg;RTayrbs;rcnasm<½n§Cak;Esþg. RbsinebIeKGac

eFVIEbbenH)anEmn enaHeKRtUvkarEksRmYlGBaØatEtbnþicbnÞÜcb:ueNÑaHeTAelI primary structure EdleFVI
[eKTTYl)anlT§plEdl)anBIsmIkar 10-2 kan;EtsuRkit.

!0>(> eRKOgbgÁúMsIuemRTI (Symmetric structures)

karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;lMdab;x<s;k¾dUckarviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMkMNt;edaysþaTic GñksikSaKNna
RtUvdwgfaeRKOgbgÁúMenaHCaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanTRm b¤bnÞúksIuemRTI b¤minsIuemRTI. kñúgn½yTUeTA eKGaccat;
cMNat;eRKOgbgÁúMCaeRKOgbgÁúMsIuemRTIRbsinebIkmøaMgkñúg nigPaBdabrbs;vamanlkçN³qøúHKñaeFobnwgG½kS
kNþalrbs;va. CaTUeTA PaBsIuemRTITamTar[smÖar³ ragFrNImaRt TRm nigbnÞúkRtUvEtdUcKñaenAsg
xageRKOgbgÁúM. b:uEnþ vaminEmnTal;EtdUecñaHTaMgGs;eT. cMNaMfa sRmab;sßirPaBtamTisedk eKRtUvkar
TRm snøak;edIm,IRTFñwm nig truss ¬rUbTI 10-18a nig 10-18b¦. enATIenH kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk
enA Rtg;snøak;esμIsUnü dUcenHrcnasm<½n§enHnwgmankmøaMgkñúg nigPaBdabqøúHKña. CalT§pl eKGaccat;
cMNat;fñak;vaCarcnasm<½n§sIuemRTI. eKRtUvdwgfavaminEmnCakrNIsRmab;eRKageT ¬rUbTI 1018c¦
RbsinebIeKCMnYsTRmbgáb;enARtg;cMNuc A edayTRmsnøak; enaHrUbragdab nigkmøaMgkñúgenAxagsþaM nig
xageqVgnwgmindUcKñaeT.

enAeBlxøH eRKOgbgÁúMsIuemRTIRTbnÞúkminsIuemRTI dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-19. kñúgkrNIrcna

sm<½n§manlkçN³sIuemRTI nigbnÞúkrbs;vamanlkçN³sIuemRTI b¤minsIuemRTI enaHeKnwgeFVIkarviPaKeRKOg
bgÁúMEtmYykMNat;b:ueNÑaH edaysarlT§pldUcKña b¤pÞúyKñanwgekItmanEtenAelIrcnasm<½n§mYykMNat;.
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -359
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

RbsinebIrcnasm<½n§sIuemRTIrgbnÞúkminsIuemRTI
enaHeKRtUvbMElgva[eTACabgÁúMbnÞúksIuemRTI
nigbgÁúMbnÞúkminsIuemRTI. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH dMbUg
eKRtUvEckbnÞúknwgBIr bnÞab;mkeTot eKdak;
[vamanlkçN³sIuemRTI nigminsIuemRTI. Ca
]TahrN_ eKRtUvEckbnÞúkenAelIFñwmkñúgrUbTI
10-20a nwgBIr rYcdak;[vaqøúHKñaeFobnwg
G½kSsIuemRTI. bnÞab;mkeKTTYl)anbgÁúMbnÞúk
sIuemRTI nigminsIuemRTI dUcbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI
10-20b. enAeBlEdleKbUkbgÁúMbnÞúkTaMg
BIrenHbBa©ÚlKña eKnwgTTYl)anbnÞúkedIm. eK
GaceFVIkarviPaKrcnasm<½n§dac;edayELkeTA
elIbgÁúMbnÞúksIuemRTI nigbgÁúMbnÞúkminsIuemRTI
ehIyeKRtUveFVIplbUkénlT§pl TaMgenHedIm,ITTYl)anlkçN³eFVIkaredImrbs;rcnasm<½n.

!0>!0> ExS\T§iBlsRmab;FñwmminkMNt;edaysþaTic
(Influence lines for statically indeterminate beams)
enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 6-3 eyIg)ansikSarYcmkehIyBIkareRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,IKUrExS
\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwmkMNt;edaysþaTic. enA
kñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgBnøatviFIenH nigeRbIvasRmab;FñwmminkMNt;edaysþaTic.
rMlwkfa sRmab;Fñwm eKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚeBalfaExS\T§iBlsRmab;GnuKmn_ ¬kmøaMgRbtikmμ
kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;Bt;¦ manrUbragdabrbs;FñwmmanlkçN³dUcKñaenAeBlFñwmrgGMeBIedayGnuKmn_RtUvKña.
edIm,IKUrrUbragdab[)anRtwmRtUv eKRtUvdklT§PaBTb;Tl;nwgkarGnuvtþrbs;GnuKmn_ enaHFñwmGacdab
enAeBlGnuKmn_manGMeBIelIFñwm. sRmab;FñwmkMNt;edaysþaTic rUbragdab ¬b¤ExS\T§iBl¦ Caes‘rIénkM-
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -360
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Nat;bnÞat;Rtg;. sRmab;FñwmminkMNt;edaysþaTic ExS\T§iBlnwgmanlkçN³CaExSekag. eyIgnwgsikSa

BI sMNg;énRbePT nImYy²rbs;ExS\T§iBlTaMgbiI ¬kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;¦ sRmab;rcna
sm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic. enAkñúgkrNInImYy² eyIgnwgbgðajBIPaBeRbIkar)anéneKalkarN_
m‘uyey:eRbsøÚ edayeRbIRTwsþIbMlas;TIersIuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl.
RbtikmμenARtg;cMNucA³ edIm,IkMNt;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A enAkñúgrUbTI 10-
21a eKdak;bnÞúkÉktþaenAelIFñwmRtg;cMNucbnþbnÞab; ehIyenARtg;cMNucnImYy²eKRtUvkMNt;kmøaMg
RbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A . düaRkaménlT§plTaMgenHCaExS\T§Bl. Ca]TahrN_ enAeBlbnÞúkenARtg;
cMNuc D ¬rUbTI 10-21a¦ eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A EdlCaGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBl
enARtg; D edayeRbIviFIkmøaMg. edIm,IeFIVy:agenH eKRtUvGnuvtþeKalkarN_tRmYtpldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
10-21a rhUtdl;rUbTI 10-21c. dUcenH smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñasRmab;cMNuc A KW 0 = f AD + Ay f AA
b¤ Ay = − f AD / f AA b:uEnþtamRTwsþIbMlas;TIersIiuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl f AD = − f DA ¬rUbTI 10-21d¦
dUcenHeyIgk¾GackMNt; Ay ¬b¤Gredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBlenARtg;cMNuc D ¦ edayeRbIsmIkar
⎛ 1 ⎞
Ay = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ f DA
⎝ f AA ⎠
edayeFVIkareRbobeFob eKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚtRmUv[ykTRmenARtg; A ecj ehIyGnuvtþ
bnÞúkÉktþabBaÄrenARtg;cMNucenaH. ExSekagPaBdabEdlTTYl)an ¬rUbTI 10-21d¦ manTRmg;dUcKña
nwgrUbragrbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab; Ay . b:uEnþ BIsmIkarxagelIeyIgeXIjfaemKuN maRtdæan (scale
factor) KW 1 / f AA .

Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -361

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

kmøaMgkat;enARtg; E³ RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;
ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc E rbs;
FñwmenA kñúgrUbTI 10-22a tameKalkarN_
m‘uyey:eRbsøÚ eKRtUvkat;FñwmRtg;cMNucenaH ehIy
s‘k sliding device enARtg;cMNucenaH ¬rUbTI
10-22b¦. ]bkrN_enHnwgbBa¢Únm:Um:g;Bt; nig
kmøaMgEkg b:uEnþminbBa¢ÚnkmøaMgkat;eT. enAeBl
Fñwm dabedaysarkmøaMgkat;ÉktþaviC¢manEdlman
GMeBIenARtg;cMNuc E mMurgVilenAsgxag]bkrN_
mantémødUcKña ehIyExSekagPaBdabCaExS
\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc E rUbTI
10-22c. edayGnuvtþviFIeKalsRmab;sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc E enaHeKcaM)ac;
GnuvtþkmøaMgÉktþaenARtg;cMNucnImYy² dUcCacMNuc D ehIykMNt;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc E ¬rUbTI
10-22a¦. témø VE CaGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBlenARtg;cMNuc D . edayeRbIviFIkmøaMg nigRTwsþIbMlas;TI
ersIuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl ¬dUckrNIelIkmun¦ eyIgTTYl)an
⎛ 1 ⎞
VE = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ f DE
⎝ f EE ⎠
kmøaMgkat;ÉktþaviC¢manEdlGnuvtþeTAelIFñwmenARtg;cMNuc E ¬rUbTI 10-22c¦ nwgeFVI[Fñwmdabkñúg
TRmg;CaExS\T§iBl sRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc E . enATIenHemKuNmaRtdæanKW (1 / f EE ) .
m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; E³ eKGackMNt;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc E enAkñúgrUbTI 10-23a
edayCMnYssnøak;enARtg;cMNucenaH edaysartMNEbbenHbBa¢ÚnkmøaMgEkg nigkmøaMgkat; b:uEnþminGacTb;
Tl; nwgm:Um:g;)an ¬rUbTI 10-23b¦. edayGnuvtþm:Um:g;ÉktþaviC¢man enaHFñwmnwgdabdUcTItaMgbnÞat;dac;²
¬rUb TI 10-23c¦ Edlpþl;nUvExS\T§iBl. edayeRbIviFIkmøaMg nigRTwsþIersIuRbUkrbs;m:akSEvl eyIgGac
bgðajfa³
⎛ 1 ⎞
M E = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ f DE
⎝ α AA ⎠
emKuNmaRtdæanenATIenHKW (1/ α EE ) .

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -362

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

CMhanxageRkampþl;nUvviFIsRmab;sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enA
Rtg;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwmedayeRbIbec©keTsm‘uyey:eRbsøÚ.
ragExSekag\T§iBl
RbsinebIeKcg;kMNt;ExS\T§iBlrbs;cMNucmYyenAelIFñwm eKRtUvdklT§PaBTb;Tl;rbs;FñwmeTAnwgGnuKmn_
rbs;ExS\T§iBl edayCMnYsmkvijnUvtMN. RbsinebI GnuKmn_CakmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄr eRbI vertical roller
guide, RbsinebIGnuKmn_CakmøaMgkat; eRbI sliding device, RbsinebIGnuKmn_Cam:Um:g;Bt; eRbIsnøak;. dak;

bnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;tMNeday[vamanGMeBIelIFñwmkñúgTisedAviC¢man. sg;ExSekagPaBdabrbs;Fñwm. ExS

ekagenHCarUbragrbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;Fñwm.
témøExSekag\T§iBl
RbsinebIeKRtUvkarkMNt;témøCaelxrbs;ExS\T§iBl eKRtUvKNnabMlas;TIéncMNucbnþbnÞab;tambeNþay
Fñwm enAeBlEdlFñwmrgbnÞúkÉktþaEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;tMNEdl)aneBalBIxagelI. EcktémøénbMlas;
TInImYy²edaybMlas;TIEdl)ankMNt;enARtg;cMNucEdlbnÞúkÉktþamanGMeBI. edayGnuvtþemKuNmaRt-
dæan eKnwgTTYl)antémøEdlCaGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBl.

!0>!!> eKalkarN_mu‘yeyeRbsøÚsRmab;eRKag (Qualitative influence line for frames)

eKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚCaviFIy:agelOnkñúgkarsg;ragTUeTArbs;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;eRKagsMNg;
. enAeBlEdleKsÁal;ragExS\T§iBl eKGackMNt;TItaMgrbs;bnÞúkGefrEdleFVI[man\T§iBlénGnuKmn_
¬kmøaMgRbtikmμ kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;Bt;¦ FMCageKenAelIeRKagPøam². Ca]TahrN_ rUbragrbs;ExS\T§iBl
sRmab;m:Um:g;viC¢manenARtg;cMNuckNþal I rbs;rt FG rbs;eRKagenAkñúgrUbTI 10-24a Edlbgðaj
edaybnÞat;dac;. dUcenH eKGacdak;bnÞúkrayesμIEtenAelIrt AB / CD nig FG edIm,IeFVI[m:Um:g;viC¢man
enARtg;cMNuc I FMCageK. CamYynwgeRKagrgbnÞúkEbbenH ¬rUbTI 10-24b¦ eKGacviPaKeRKagedIm,I
KNnam:Um:g;eRKaHfñak;enARtg;cMNuc I .
Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -363
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 10-11³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc A sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI

10-25a. EI Catémøefr. sg;témøCaelxral; 2m .

dMeNaHRsay³
yklT§PaBrbs;FñwmTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgRbtikmμ Ay . eKGaceFVIvaeTA)anedayeRbI vertical roller device
EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-25b. edayGnuvtþbnÞúkÉktþabBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc A eKTTYl)anrUbragExS
\T§iBldUceXIjenAkñúgrUbTI 10-25c.
edIm,IkMNt;Gredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBl eyIgnwgeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ (conjugate beam method).
kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A nigcMNuc B enAelIFñwmBit enAeBlrgbnÞúkÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc A RtUv)an

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -364

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-25b. FñwmnimitþEdlRtUvKñaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-25d. cMNaMfaTRmenA

Rtg; A' enAEtrkSadUcTRmenARtg; A enAkñúgrUbTI 10-25b BIeRBaH vertical roller device enAelIFñwm
nimitþTb;Tl;m:Um:g; b:uEnþminTb;Tl;kmøaMgkat; EdlRtUvKñaeTAnwgbMlas;TI b:uEnþminEmnmMurgVilenARtg;TRm A
énFñwmBit ¬rUbTI 10-25c¦. kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmrbs;FñwmnimitþRtUv)anKNna nigRtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 10-25d. bMlas;TIéncMNucenAelIFñwmBit ¬rUbTI 10-25b¦ k¾RtUv)anKNna.
sRmab; B' edaysarminmanm:Um:g;Bt;enAelIFñwmnimitþRtg;cMNuc B' ¬rUbTI 10-25d¦ enaH
Δ B = M B' = 0
sRmab; D' / rUbTI 10-25e
∑ M D' = 0 Δ D = M D' =
18
(2) − 1 ⎛⎜ 2 ⎞⎟(2)⎛⎜ 2 ⎞⎟ = 34.67
EI 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ EI
sRmab; C ' / rUbTI 10-25f
∑ M C' = 0 ΔC = M C' =
18
(4) − 1 ⎛⎜ 4 ⎞⎟(4)⎛⎜ 4 ⎞⎟ = 61.33
EI 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ EI
sRmab; A' / rUbTI 10-25d
72
Δ A = M A' =
EI
edaysarkmøaMgbBaÄr 1kN manGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc A enAelIFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 10-25a eFVI[mankmøaMg
Rbtikmμ 1kN enARtg;cMNuc A . bMlas;TIenARtg;cMNuc A ¬ Δ A = 72 / EI ¦ KYrRtUvnwgtémø 1 sRmab;
GredaenExS\T§iBlenARtg;cMNuc A . dUcenH edayEckbMlas;TIEdl)anKNnaedayemKuNenH eyIg
TTYl)an
x Ay
A 1
C 0.852
D 0.481
B 0

düaRkaméntémøTaMgenHCaExS\T§iBlEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-25g.

]TahrN_ 10-12³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc D sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 10-

26a. EI Catémøefr. sg;témøCaelxral; 3m .

Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -365

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
yklT§PaBrbs;FñwmTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc D . eKGaceFVIvaeTA)anedayeRbI roller device
EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-26b. edayGnuvtþbnÞúkkmøaMgkat;ÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc D eKTTYl)anrUbrag
ExS\T§iBldUceXIjenAkñúgrUbTI 10-26c.
kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A / B nig C enAelIFñwmBit enAeBlrgkmøaMgkat;ÉktþaenARtg;cMNuc D
RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-26b. FñwmnimitþEdlRtUvKñaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-26d. enATIenH

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -366

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

eKRtUvGnuvtþm:Um:g; M D' enARtg;cMNuc D' edIm,IeFVI[m:Um:g;Bt;epSgKñaenAxageqVg nigxagsþaMcMNuc D' .

m:Um:g;Bt;TaMgenHRtUvKñanwgbMlas;TIxageqVg nigxagsþaMéncMNuc D enAelIFñwmBit ¬rUbTI 10-26c¦.
kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A' / B' / C ' nigm:Um:g; M D' enAelIFñwmnimitþRtUv)anKNna nigRtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 10-26e. cUrepÞógpÞat;karKNnaeLIgvij.
edaysarPaBdac;énm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc D' eKRtUvKNnam:Um:g;Bt;EdlenAxagsþaM nigxageqVg
cMNuc D' bnþic. sRmab;enAxageqVgcMNuc D' ¬rUbTI 10-26f¦ eyIg)an
∑ M D' L = 0 Δ DL = M D' L =
4.5
(1) − 30 (3) = − 85.5
EI EI EI
enAxagsþaMgcMNuc D' ¬rUbTI 10-26g¦ eyIgman
∑ M D' R = 0 Δ DR = M D' R =
4.5
(1) − 30 (3) + 144 = 58.5
EI EI EI EI
BIrUbTI 10-26e
Δ A = M A' = 0 Δ B = M B' = 0 ΔC = M C' = 0
sRmab;cMNuc E ¬rUbTI10-26b¦ edayeRbIviFImuxkat;enARtg;cMNuc E' EdlRtUvKñaenAelIFñwmnimitþ ¬rUbTI
10-26h¦ eyIgman
∑ M E' = 0 Δ E = M E' =
4.5
(1) − 6 (3) = − 13.5
EI EI EI
eKTTYl)anGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBledayEcktémøxagelInwgemKuNmaRtdæan M D ' = 144 / EI . eyIg
man
x VD
A 0
DL − 0.594
DR 0.406
B 0
E − 0.0938
C 0

düaRkaméntémøTaMgenHCaExS\T§iBlEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-26i.

]TahrN_ 10-13³ sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cMNuc D sRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 10-

27a. EI Catémøefr. sg;témøCaelxral; 3m .

Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -367

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
eKdak;snøak;enARtg;cMNuc D edIm,IdklT§PaBrbs;FñwmEdlTb;Tl;nwgm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNucenH ¬rUbTI 10-
27b¦. edaydak;m:Um:g;ÉktþaviC¢manenARtg; D eyIgTTYl)anExS\T§iBldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-
27c.
kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cMNuc A / B nig C enAelIFñwmBit enAeBlrgm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc D RtUv
)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-27b. FñwmnimitþRtUvKña nigkmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-
27d. eKesñI[epÞógpÞat;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAkñúgkrNITaMgBIr. BIrUbTI 10-27d cMNaMfa
Δ A = M A' = 0 Δ B = M B' = 0 ΔC = M C' = 0
sRmab;cMNuc D' / rUbTI 10-27e
∑ M D' = 0 Δ D = M D' =
1.5
(1) + 6 (3) = 19.5
EI EI EI
sRmab;cMNuc E' / rUbTI 10-27f
∑ M E' = 0 Δ E = M E' =
1.5
(1) − 2 (3) = 4.5
EI EI EI

viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminGackMNt;edaysþaTictamviFIkmøaMg T.Chhay -368

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

bMlas;TImMu (angular displacement) α DD enARtg; D énFñwmBitenAkñúgrUbTI 10-27c RtUv)ankMNt;

edaykmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; D' enAelIFñwmnimitþ. edIm,ITTYl)anGredaenrbs;ExS\T§iBl eKEcktémø
Edl)anKNnaxagelICamYynwgemKuN D' y = 16 / EI Edl
x MD
A 0
D 1.219
B 0
E − 0.281
C 0

düaRkaméntémøTaMgenHCaExS\T§iBlEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10-27g.

Analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the force method T.Chhay -369

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT
!0>!> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm nigbnÞab; !0>%> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig B .
mk sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt;faTRm EI Catémøefr.
enA A CaTRmbgáb; nigTRm B CaTRmkl;. EI Ca
témøefr.

!0>^> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm bnÞab;mk

!0>@> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm. snμt;fa sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um;g;Bt;.
TRmenA A CaTRmbgáb; nigTRm B CaTRmkl;. EI Catémøefr.
yk E = 200GPa . m:Um:g;niclPaBsRmab;
kMNat;Ggát; nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

!0>&> FñwmRtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc
!0>#> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A / B nig A RTedayrWus½rEdlmankMraj (stiffness) k enA
C bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt; Rtg; B nigRTedayTRmkl;enARtg;cMNu C .
sRmab;Fñwm. EI Catémøefr. kMNt; kmøaMgrWus½rGnuvtþeTAelIFñwm. EI Catémø
efr.

!0>$> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm A nig !0>*> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. snμt; B Ca

TRm B . snμt;TRmenARtg;cMNuc A Gnuvtþm:Um:g; TRmsnøak; ehIy A nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Ca
Bt;eTAelIFñwm. EI Catémøefr. témøefr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -370

 mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!0>(> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm bnÞab;mk !0>!#> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm bnÞab;mksg;

sg;düaRkamm:Um;g;Bt;. snμt; A CaTRmsnøak;ehIy düaRkamm:Um:g;. m:Um:g;niclPaBsRmab;kMNat;
B nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Catémøefr. Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. snμt;fa A
nig C CaTRmkl; nig B CaTRmsnøak;. yk E =
200GPa .

!0>!0> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. snμt;TRm A

CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Ca
témøefr.
!0>!$> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenAelIFñwm.
CBa¢aMgenARtg;cMNuc A cl½teLIgelI 30mm .
snμt;fa A CaTRmsnøak; ehIyTRm B nig C Ca
!0>!!> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. snμt;TRm A TRmkl; . yk E = 200GPa nig
CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B nig C CaTRmkl;. EI Ca I = 90(106 )mm4 .
témøefr.

!0>!@> kMNt;PaBdabenARtg;cug B rbs;r)ar

Edk. rWus½rmankMraj k = 2 N / mm . r)arEdk !0>!%> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm bnÞab;sg;düa
manTTwg 5mm nigkm<s; 10mm . ehIy cUrsg; Rkamm:Um:g;. snμt;faTRm A CaTRmsnøak; ehIy
düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;r)arEdk B nig C CaTRm. EI mantémøefr.
enH. yk E = 200GPa .

Problems T.Chhay -371

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!0>!^> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. EI man

témøefr. snμt;faTRm A CaTRmbgáb; ehIy B
nig C Ca TRm.

!0>!&> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmbgáb; A !0>@!> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm bnÞab;mksg;

nig B . EI mantémøefr. düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². snμt; A nig
B CaTRmsnøak; ehIytMNenARtg;cMNuc C Ca

tMNbgáb;. EI mantémøefr.

!0>!*> sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;FñwmTRm
bgáb;. EI mantémøefr.

!0>@@> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm bnÞab;mksg;

düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². EI man
!0>!(> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. EI mantémø témøefr.
efr.

!0>@0> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. EI mantémø !0>@#> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm bnÞab;mksg;

efr. düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². EI man
témøefr.
cMeNaT T.Chhay -372
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

enAkñúgrUb. snμt;Ggát;RtUv)antP¢ab;edaysnøak;.
yk E = 200GPa .

!0>@$> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm RbsinebITRm

Rtg; C RtUv)anrujeLIgelI 4mm . yk !0>@&> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss .
E = 200GPa / I = 250(106 )mm 4 . RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUb. yk E = 200GPa . snμt;Ggát;
RtUv)antP¢ab;edaysnøak;.

!0>@%> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm A nig D . m:Um:g;

niclPaBrbs;kMNat;Ggát;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb
. yk E = 200GPa .
!0>@*> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss
EdltP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;. EA mantémøefr.

!0>@^> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs; truss .

RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðaj !0>@(> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; HG rbs;
truss . EA mantémøefr.
Problems T.Chhay -373
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!0>#$> eKBüÜrcugFñwmkugs‘uledayEdkr)ar AC
EdlmanGgát;p©it 25mm . ehIyFñwmenHmanTRm
bgáb;enARtg;cMNuc B . kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Edk
r)arEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkrayesμI 60kN / m . E =
200GPa sRmab;Fñwm nigEdkr)ar.
!0>#0> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; HB rbs; truss
éncMeNaT !0>@(. EA mantémøefr.
!0>#!> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; HG . EA man
témøefr.

!0>#@> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; BE . EA !0>#%> eRKOgbgÁúMRTbnÞúkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

mantémøefr. cUrsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;sRmab;FñwmnImYy². yk
I = 100(10 6 )mm 4 sRmab;Fñwm nig A = 200mm 2

énsRmab;Edkr)ar. Ggát;TaMgGs;eFVIGMBIEdkEdl
man E = 200GPa .

!0>##> kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; DF én truss

. EA mantémøefr.

!0>#^> eKeRbI queen-post trussed beam edIm,I

RTbnÞúkrayesμI 60kN / m . kMNt;kmøaMgEdlekIt
cMeNaT T.Chhay -374
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

mankñúgr)arEdkTaMgR)aM. eKminKitkMras;rbs;Fñwm
nigsnμt;faGgát; truss RtUv)antP¢ab;eTAnwgFñwm
edaytMNsnøak;. ehIyminKit\T§iBlkmøaMgsgát;
tamG½kS nigkmøaMgkat;enAkñúgFñwm. RkLaépÞmux
kat;rbs;Edkr)arnImYy²KW 1800mm 2 ehIy !0>$0> eKRTFñwmkugs‘ul AB CamYynwgEdkr)ar
sRmab;Fñwm I = 235(106 )mm 4 . yk E = bEnßmcMnYnBIr. kMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgEdkr)ar
200GPa . nImYy². eKminKitkmøaMgsgát;tamG½kS nigkmøaMg
kat;enAkñúgFñwm. Fñwm I b = 200(106 )mm4 ehIy
sRmab;Edkr)arnImYy² A = 100mm 2 . yk
E = 200GPa .

!0>#&> eKeRbI king-post trussed beam edIm,I

RTbnÞúkcMNuc 200kN EdlmanGMeBIenAkNþal
ElVg. kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;r)arEdkTaMgbI. Edk
r)arnImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat;1250mm 2 .
snμt;faBYkvaRtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;. eK
minKitkMras;rbs;Fñwm nig\T§iBlkmøaMgsgát; tam
G½kSenAkñúgFñwmeT. yk E = 200GPa sRmab;
!0>$!> sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;
Fñwm nigEdkr)ar. ehIy I AB = 150(106 )mm 4 .
cMNuc C . bgðajCatémøelxral; 5m . snμt;
TRm B CaTRmkl;. EI mantémøefr.

!0>#*> kMNt;m:Um:g;GtibrmaenAkñúgFñwmén cMeNaT !0>$@> sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμenA

!0>#&. Rtg;cMNuc C . bgðajCatémøelxral; 5m .
!0>#(> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRm C . EI EI man témøefr.

mantémøefrsRmab;FñwmTaMgBIr.

Problems T.Chhay -375

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!0>$&> KUrRBagnUvExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enA
Rtg;cMNuc B éncMeNaT !0>$^. RbsinebIFñwmenH
rgbnÞúkGefrray esμI 6kN / m cUrkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;
!0>$#> sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;
viC¢manGtibrma enARtg;cMNuc B . snμt; A Ca
cMNuc B . bgðajCatémøelxral; 5m . snμt;
TRmsnøak;. EI man témøefr.
TRmenARtg; A CaTRmkl; nig C CaTRmbgáb;.
!0>$*> KUrRBagnUvExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) kmøaMg
EI man témøefr.
RbtikmμbBaÄrenARtg;cMNuc C (b) m:Um:g;Bt;enA
Rtg;cMNuc B nig (c) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc E .
enAkñúgkrNInImYy² cUrbgðajTItaMgEdlRtUvdak;
!0>$$> sg;ExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgRbtikmμenA bnÞúkGefrrayesμIEdleFVI[ekItmanGnuKmn_
Rtg;cMNuc A éncMeNaT !0>$#. viC¢manGtibrma. snμt;faFñwmmanTRmbgáb;enA
!0>$%> KUrRBagnUvExS\T§iBlsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;enA Rtg;cMNuc F .
Rtg;cMNuc D edayeRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRb
søÚ. kMNt;m:Um:g;viC¢manGtibrmaenARtg;cMNuc D
Edl bNþalBIbnÞúkGefrrayesμI 5kN / m . EI
mantémøefr. snμt; A CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B !0>$(> eRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,Isg;rag
nig C CaTRmkl;. TUeTAénExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .

!0>$^> KUrRBagnUvExS\T§iBlsRmab;kmøaMgkat;enA
Rtg;cMNuc B . RbsinebIFñwmenHrgbnÞúkGefrray
!0>%0> eRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,Isg;rag
esμI 6kN / m cUrkMNt;kmøaMgkat;viC¢manGtibrma
TUeTAénExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
enARtg;cMNuc B . snμt; A CaTRmsnøak;. EI
cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .
mantémøefr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -376

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!0>%!> eRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,Isg;rag
TUeTAénExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .
!0>%$> eRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,Isg;rag
TUeTAénExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .

!0>%@> eRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,Isg;rag
TUeTAénExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .

!0>%#> eRbIeKalkarN_m‘uyey:eRbsøÚedIm,Isg;rag
TUeTAénExS\T§iBlsRmab; (a) m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;
cMNuc A nig (b) kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B .

Problems T.Chhay -377

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!!> karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations

emeronenHnwgerobrab;y:agsegçbnUveKalKMnitsRmab;viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMedayeRbIviFIbMlas;TI.
eRkayeBlbgðajBIeKalKMnit eyIgnwgbegáItsmIkarTUeTAén slop deflection ehIybnÞab;mkeyIg
nigeRbIvaedIm,IviPaKFñwm nigeRKagminkMNt;edaysþaTic.

!!>!> viFIsaRsþTUeTAkñúgkarviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI
(Displacement method of analysis: General procedures)
rcnasm<½n§TaMgGs;RtUvEtbMeBjtRmUvkarsmIkarlMnwg TMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigbMlas;TI nigRtUv
bMeBjtRmUvkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñaénbMlas;TIedIm,IFananUvsuvtßiPaBrbs;va. enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 10.1 )anerob
rab;fa eKmanviFIBIrepSgKñaedIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarTaMgenHenAeBlviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysþaTic. viFI
kmøaMg ¬emeronTI !0¦ Ep¥kelIkarkMNt;kmøaMgEdlCaGBaØatelIs bnÞab;mkbMeBjtRmUvkarlkçxNÐRtUv
Kñarbs;rcnasm<½n§. eKeFVIrebobenHedaysresrsmIkarbMlas;TI[Tak;TgnwgkmøaMgedayeRbITMnak;TMng
rvagkmøaMg nigbMlas;TI. dMeNaHRsayénsmIkarers‘ultg;CakmøaMgRbtikmμEdlCaGBaØatelIs bnÞab;
mkeKeRbIsmIkarlMnwgedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμEdlenAsl;EdlmanGMeBIelIeRKOgbgÁúM.
viFIbMlas;TICaviFIEdlmanlkçN³pÞúyeTAnwgviFIkmøaMg. dMbUgvaRtUvbMeBjtRmUvkarsmIkarlMnwg
sRmab;rcnasm<½n§. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH eKRtUvsresrbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat[Tak;TgnwgbnÞúkedayeRbI
TMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMg nigbMlas;TI. eRkayeBlTTYl)anbMlas;TIrYcehIy eKGackMNt;kmøaMgEdlCa
GBaØatBIsmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñaedayeRbITMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMg nigbMlas;TI. RKb;viFIbMlas;TITaMgGs;
GnuvtþtamviFIsaRsþTUeTAenH.
Degrees of freedom enAeBleRKOgbgÁúMrgkmøaMgcMNucCak;lak;enAelIeRKOgbgÁúMEdleK[ eQμaHfa
node nwgrgbMlas;TI. bMlas;TITaMgenHRtUv)aneKKitCa degrees of freedom sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM

ehIyenAkñúgviFIbMlas;TIeKcaM)ac;RtUvkMNt; degrees of freedom TaMgenH edaysarvanwgkøayCaGBaØat

enAeBleKGnuvtþviFIbMlas;TI. cMnYnénGBaØatTaMgenHCadWeRkénPaBminkMNt;edaysarsIueNm:aTicrbs;
eRKOgbgÁúM.
edIm,IkMNt;PaBminkMNt;edaysIueNma:Tic eKGacKitvaeRKOgbgÁúMpÁúMedayes‘rIénGgát;EdltP¢ab;
Kñaedaysar node EdlCaTUeTAvasßitenARtg;tMN TRm enAxagcugrbs;Ggát; b¤enARtg;kEnøgbMlas;bþÚr
muxkat;Pøam²rbs;Ggát;. enAkñúglMhr (three dimensions), node nImYy²GacmanbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -378
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
cMnYnBIr nigbMlas;TImMucMnYnmYYy. elIsBIenH eKGacTb;bMlas;TIrbs; node edayTRm b¤edaykarsnμt;
EdlEp¥kelIkareFVIkarrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebIeRKOgbgÁúMCaFñwm ehIyeKBicarNaEtkMhUc
RTg;RTayEdlbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt; enaHvaminmanbMlas;TIlIenEG‘rtambeNþayG½kSrbs;FñwmeT edaysar
bMlas;TIenHbNþalBIkMhUcRTg;RTayedaysarkmøaMgtamG½kS. edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIeKalKMnitenH eyIgnwg
BicarNa]TahrN_xøH edaycab;epþImCamYynwgFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 11-1a. enATIenH RKb;bnÞúk P Edl
GnuvtþeTAelI FñwmnwgeFVI[ node A vilEtb:ueNÑaH ¬edayecalkMhUcRTg;RTaytamG½kS¦ cMENkÉ node
B RtUv)an Tb;min[cl½tEtmþg. dUcenH FñwmmanEt degree of freedom EtmYyKW θ A ehIy vaCa

eRKOgbgÁúMmin kMNt;edaysIueNm:aTicdWeRkTImYy. FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 11-1b man node enARtg; A / B

nig C dUcenHva man degree of freedom cMnYnbYn EdlkMNt;edaymMurgVil θ A / θ B / θC nigbMlas;
TItamTisQr ΔC . vaCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysIueNma:TicdWeRkTIbYn. \LÚvBicarNaeRKagenAkñúgrUbTI
11-1c. mþgeTot RbsinebIeyIgecalkMhUcRTg;RTaytamG½kSrbs;Ggát; bnÞúk P EdlGnuvtþeTAelI
eRKagGaceFVI[ node B nig C vil ehIy node TaMgenHGacpøas;TItamTisedkedaybrimaNesμIKña.
dUcenH eRKagman degree of freedom cMnYnbIKW θ B / θC nig Δ B ehIyvaCaeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;eday
sIueNm:aTicdWeRkTIbI.
Cakarsegçb karkMNt;PaBminkMNt;edaysIueNma:Tic b¤cMnYnrbs; degree of freedom sRmab;
eRKOgbgÁúMCaCMhancaM)ac;bMputEdleKRtUveFVImuneK enAeBlGnuvtþviFIbMlas;TI. vakMNt;nUvcMnYnGBaØat
EdlQrelIkarsnμt;EdlKitcMeBaHkMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. elIsBIenH enAeBlEdleKsÁal;
bMlas;TIrbs; node enaHeKnwgGackMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM ehIyeKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgkñúgrbs;
Ggát;.

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -379

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!!>@> smIkar slope-deflection (Slope-Deflection equation)

viFIkmøaMgenAkñúgemeronTI!0 RtUvkarsresrsmIkarEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkmøaMg b¤m:Um:g;EdlCa
GBaØat. EteKminGaceRbIvasRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;EdlmandWeRkx<s;)aneT edaysareKRtUvkarbegáIt
smIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKñaeRcIn ehIyelIsBIenH smIkarnImYy²Tak;TgnwgGBaØatTaMgGs;EdleFVI[eKBi)ak
edaHRsayRbB½n§smIkar elIkElgEteKeRbIkMuBüÚT½r. edaykareRbobeFob viFI slope-deflection minsμúK
sμajdUcviFIkmøaMgeT. dUcEdleyIg)aneXIj vaTamTarkargarticCag TaMgkarsresrsmIkar nigkar
edaHRsaysmIkaredIm,IrkbMlas;TI nigkmøaMgkñúg. ehIyelIsBIenH eKGacsresrkmμviFIkMuBüÚT½rCamYy
nwgviFIenHy:aggayRsYl ehIyeKGaceRbIvaedIm,IviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;eRcInEbb.
viFI slope-deflection RtUv)anbegáIteLIgdMbUgeday ehnrIc Em:ndWLa (Heinrich Manderla)
nig GUfU m: (Otto Morh) edIm,IsikSakugRtaMgbnÞab;bnSM (secondary stresses) enAkñúg trusses. eRkay
mk enAqñaM1915 CI eG EmnI (G.A. Maney) )aneFVI[bec©keTsenHkan;EtRbesIeLIg ehIyeRbIva
kñúgkarviPaKFñwm nigeRKagminkMNt;.
General Case eK[eQμaHviFIenHfa viFI slope-deflection edaysarGBaØatrbs;vaCamMurgVil nig
PaBdabEdlekIteLIgedaysarGMeBIrbs;bnÞúkmkelIrcnasm<½n§. edIm,IbegáItTRmg;TUeTAénsmIkar
slope-deflection eyIgnwgBicarNaElVgKMrU AB énFñwmCab;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-2 EdlElVgenH

rgGMeBIén bnÞúkNamYy ehIyvaman EI efr. eyIg

cg;eFVI[m:Um:g;Bt;rbs;Fñwm M AB nig M BA man
TMnak;TMngnwg degree of freedom rbs;vaTaMgbI
eBalKW θ A / θ B nig Δ EdlGaceFVI[mansRmut
enAcenøaHTRm. enA kñúgkarbegáItrUbmnþ eyIg
Kitfam:Um:g; nigmMurgVilviC¢manenAeBlvaeFVIGMeBIeTA
elIFñwmtamTisRTnicnaLikavil ¬rUbTI 11-2¦.
elIsBIenH bMlas;TIlIenEG‘r Δ mantémøviC¢mandUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb edaysarbMlas;TIeFVI[mMψu rbs;
ElVgvilRsbTisRTnicnaLikavil.
eKGacTTYlsmIkar slope-deflection edayeRbIeKalkarN_tRmYtpledayBicarNaBicarNa
dac;edayELkBIKñarvagm:Um:g;EdlekItmanenARtg;TRmEdlbNþalBIbMlas;TInImYy² ¬ θ A / θ B nig Δ ¦
nigbnÞúk.

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -380

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
bMlas;TICamMuenARtg;cMNuc A/ θ ³ eKman node A énGgát;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-3a manmMu
A

rgVil θ A ÉcMENk node B RtUv)anbgáb;. edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g; M AB EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeFIV[manbMlas;TI

enH eyIgnwgeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ. sRmab;krNIenH FñwmnimitþRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-3b. cMNaMfa
kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc A' eFVIGMeBIeTAelIFñwmedaymanTisedAcuHeRkam edaysar θ A RsbRTnic
naLika. PaBdabrbs;FñwmBitenAkñúgrUbTI 11-3a RtUvesμIsUnüenARtg; A nig B dUcenHplbUkm:Um:g;
enARtg; A' nig B' rbs;Fñwmnimitþk¾RtUvEtesμIsUnüEdr dUcenHeK)an
⎡ 1 ⎛ M AB ⎞ ⎤ L ⎡ 1 ⎛ M BA ⎞ ⎤ 2 L
+ ∑ M A' = 0 ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ 3 − ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ 3 = 0
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ 1 ⎛ M BA ⎞ ⎤ L ⎡ 1 ⎛ M AB ⎞ ⎤ 2 L
+ ∑ M B' = 0 ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ 3 − ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ 3 + θ A L = 0
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
BIsmIkarTaMgBIxagelI eyIgTTYl)anTMnak;TMngbnÞúk nigbMlas;TIdUcxageRkam
4 EI
M AB = θA (11-1)
L
2 EI
M BA = θA (11-2)
L

bMlas;TICamMuenARtg;cMNuc B/ θB ³ tam
rebobdUcKña RbsinebIcug B rbs;FñwmvileTArk
TItaMgcug eRkay)anθ B ÉcMENkcug A RtUv)an
bgáb;Cab; ¬rUbTI 11-4¦ eyIgGacsresr
TMnak;TMngrvagm:Um:g; M BA eTAnwgmMu rgVil θ B
nigrvagm:Um:g;Rbtikmμ M AB enARtg;CBa¢aMg. lT§plKW
4 EI
M BA = θB (11-3)
L
2 EI
M AB = θB (11-4)
L

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -381

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bMlas;TIeFob/ Δ ³ RbsinebI node B rbs;Ggát;pøas;TIeFobeTAnwgcMNuc A dUcenHGgát;vilRsbTis

RTnicnaLika ¬bMlas;TIviC¢man¦ ehIycugTaMgBIGt;vli nigmanm:Um:g; nigkmøaMgkat;EdlmanTMhMdUcKñaEt
TisedApÞúyKñaekItmanenAkúñgGgát; ¬rUbTI 11-5a¦. dUcelIkmun eKGacP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagm:Um:g; M eTA
nwgbMlas;TI Δ edayeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ. enAkñúgkrNIenH Fñwmnimitþ ¬rUbTI 11-5b¦ mancugTaMgBIresrI
edaysarFñwm ¬Ggát;¦ BitmanTRmbgáb;. b:uEnþ edaysarbMlas;TIrbs;FñwmBitenARtg;cMNuc B m:Um:g;enA
Rtg;cMNuc B' énFñwmnimitþRtUvEtman Δ dUcbgðaj . edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc B' eyIg)an
*

⎡ 1 ⎛ M ⎞ ⎤ 2L ⎡ 1 ⎛ M ⎞ ⎤ L
+ ∑ M B' = 0 ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ 3 − ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ 3 − Δ = 0
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
− 6 EI
M AB = M BA = M = 2 Δ (11-5)
L
tamkarkMNt;sBaØa m:Um:g;enHGviC¢manedaysarvaeFVIGMeBIRcasRTnicnaLikaedIm,I[Ggát;manlMnwg.

m:Um:g;bgáb;cug (Fixed-End Moment)³ enAkñúgkrNIelIkmun eyIg)anKitBITMnak;TMngrvagbMlas;

TInigm:Um:g;caM)ac; M AB nig M BA EdleFVIGMeBIenARtg; node A nig B erogKña. b:uEnþ CaTUeTAbMlas;TI
lIenEG‘r nigbMlas;TImMuén node ekItBIbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIenAelIElVgrbs;Ggát; minEmnekItBIm:Um:g;Edl
manGMeBIenARtg; node eT. edIm,IbegáItsmIkar slope-deflection, eyIgRtUvbMElgbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIenA
elIElVg[eTACam:Um:g;smmUlEdlmanGMeBIenARtg; node ehIybnÞab;mkeRbITMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nig
bMlas;TIedIm,IedaHRsay. eKGaceFVIvaeTA)anedayrkm:Um:g;RbtikmμTb;Tl;nwgbnÞúkEdlekItmanenARtg;
node. Ca]TahrN_ eKmanGgát;TRmbgáb;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-6a EdlvargbnÞúkcMcMNuc P

enARtg; kNþalElVg. FñwmnimitþsRmab;krNIenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-6b. edaysareyIgRtUv

kar[mMurgVilenARtg;cugnImYy²esμIsUnü
⎡ 1 ⎛ PL ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎛ M ⎞ ⎤
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 ⎢ 2 ⎜ 4 EI ⎟ L ⎥ − 2 ⎢ 2 ⎜ EI ⎟ L ⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦

*
düaRkamm:Um:g;EdlbgðajenAlíFñwmnimitþRtUv)ankMNt;edayviFItMrYtplsRmab;FñwmTImrsamBaØ ¬dUckarBnül;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ4-
5¦.

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -382

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
PL
M =
8
m:Um:g;enHRtUv)aneKehAfam:Um:g;bgáb;cug (FEM). cMNaMfa GaRs½ynwgkarkMNt;sBaØa vamantémøGviC¢-
manenARtg; node A ¬RcasRTnicnaLika¦ ehIyvamantémøviC¢manenARtg; node B ¬RsbRTnic
naLika¦. edIm,IgayRsYlkñúgkaredaHRsaycMeNaT eKRtUvKNnam:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab;kardak;bnÞúkdéT
eTot ehIyvaRtUv)anerobcMCatarag. edayeFVIplbUk FEM Edl)anKNnasRmab;cMeNaTCak;lak;
¬rUb TI 11-7¦ eyIg)an
M AB = (FEM ) AB M BA = (FEM )BA (11-6)

smIkar Slope-Deflection³ RbsinebIeKbUkm:Um:g;cugEdlbNþalBIbMlas;TInImYy² ¬smIkar 11-1

rhUtdl; 11-5¦ CamYynwgm:Um:g;cugEdlbNþalBIbnÞúk ¬smIkar 11-6¦ enaHeyIgGacsresrm:Um:g;er-
s‘ultg;enAxagcugdUcxageRkam
⎛ I ⎞⎡ ⎛ Δ ⎞⎤
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟ ⎢2θ A + θ B − 3⎜ ⎟⎥ + (FEM ) AB
⎝ L ⎠⎣ ⎝ L ⎠⎦
(11-7)
⎛ I ⎞⎡ ⎛ Δ ⎞⎤
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟ ⎢2θ B + θ A − 3⎜ ⎟⎥ + (FEM )BA
⎝ L ⎠⎣ ⎝ L ⎠⎦
edaysarsmIkarTaMgBIrenHRsedogKña eKGacsresrsmIkareTalEdlGacbgðajsmIkarTaMgBIr
enH)an. edayykcugmçagrbs;ElVgCacugCit (near edd N) ehIycugmçageTotCacugq¶ay (far end F)
ehIyedayykkRmajrbs;Ggát;Ca k = I / L ehIymMurbs;Ggát;Caψ = Δ / L eyIgGacsresr
M N = 2 EK (2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
sRmab;ElVgxagkñúg b¤ElVgxagEdlmancugq¶ayCacugbgáb; (11-8)

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -383

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -384

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
Edl MN = m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgcugCitrbs;ElVg m:Um:g;enHviC¢man ¬RsbTisRTnicnaLika¦ enAeBlEdl
vamanGMeBIelIElVg.
E / K = m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;smÖar³ nigkRmajrbs;ElVg k = I / L .

θ N / θ F = mMurgVil b¤bMlas;TImMurbs;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;ElVgenARtg;TRm mMuenHmanxñat

ra:düg; ehIyviC¢manenAeBlvavilRsbTisRTnicnaLika.
ψ = mMurgVilrbs;Ggát;bNþalBIbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r Edl ψ = Δ / L mMuenHmanxñatra:düg; ehIy
viC¢manenAeBlvavilRsbTisRTnicnaLika.
(FEM )N = m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg;TRméncugCit m:Um:g;enHviC¢man ¬RsbTisRTnicnaLika¦ enA
eBlvamanGMeBIelIElVg. m:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab;lkçxNÐbnÞúkepSg²RtUv)anerobcMenA
kñúgtaragxagelI.
BIkarbkRsay smIkar11-8RtUv)ankMNt;edaysmIkarlkçxNÐRtUvKña nigTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nig
bMlas;TIEdlBicarNaEteTAelI\T§iBlm:Um:g;Bt; edaymin)anKitBIkMhUcRTg;RTayedaysarkmøaMgkat;
nigkMhUcRTg;RTayedaysarkmøaMgtamG½kS dUcenHeKKitvaCasmIkar slope-deflection TUeTA. enAeBl
eRbIvasRmab;edaHRsaycMeNaT eKRtUvGnuvtþsmIkarenHBIrdgsRmab;ElVgGgát; AB nImYy² eBal
KWGnuvtþ BI A eTA B nigBI B eTA A sRmab;ElVg AB enAkñúgrUbTI 11-2.
cugElVgRTedayTRmsnøak;³ eBlxøH cugElVgrbs;Fñwm b¤eRKagRtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak; b¤TRmkl;
enAcugq¶ay ¬rUbTI 11-8a¦. enAeBlekItmankrNIEbbenH m:Um:g;enARtg;TRmkl; b¤TRmsnøak;RtUvEt
esμIsUnü enaHeKmincaM)ac;kMNt;bMlas;TImMu θ B enARtg;TRmenaHeT eKGacEkERbsmIkar slope-
deflection TUeTA dUcenHeKRtUvGnuvtþvaEtmþgKt;eTAelIElVg minEmnBIrdg. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH eyIgnwg

GnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 b¤smIkar 11-7 eTAelIcugnImYy²rbs;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 11-8. CalT§pl eKTTYl

)ansmIkarBIrdUcxag eRkam
M N = 2 Ek (2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
(11-9)
0 = 2 Ek (2θ F + θ N − 3ψ ) + 0
enATIenH (FEM )F esμIsUnüedaysarcugq¶ayCaTRmsnøak; ¬rUbTI 11-8b¦. elIsBIenH eKGacTTYl
)an (FEM )N ¬Ca]TahrN_¦ edayeRbItaragmU:m:g;bgáb;cugxagelI. edayKuNsmIkarTImYyxag
elInwgBIr ehIydkvaCamYynwgsmIkarTIBIr edIm,IsRmYl θ F enaHeyIg)an
M N = 3Ek (θ N −ψ ) + (FEM )N
sRmab;Etcugq¶ayrbs;ElVgRtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak; b¤TRmkl; (11-10)

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -385

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edaysarm:Um:g;enAcugq¶ayesμIsUnü eKGnuvtþsmIkarenHEtmþgb:ueNÑaHsRmab;cugElVg. vasRmYlkarviPaK

edaysarsmIkarTUeTA ¬smIkar 11-8¦ TamTarkarGnuvtþBIrdgsRmab;ElVgenH edaysarvaBak;B½n§nwg
bMlas;TImMu θ B ¬b¤ θ F ¦ enAcugTRm.

edIm,IsegçbkarGnuvtþsmIkar slope-deflection, cUrBicarNaFñwmCab;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-

9 Edlman degree of freedom cMnYnbYn. enATIenH eKGacGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 cMnYnBIrdgeTAelIElVg
nImYy² eBalKWBI A eTA B / BI B eTA A / BI B eTA C / BI C eTA B / BI C eTA D / nigBI D eTA C . smIkarTaMg
enHnwgBak;B½n§nwgmMurgVil θ A / θ B / θC nig θ D EdlCaGBaØat. b:uEnþ edaysarm:Um:g;cugenARtg; A nig D
sUnü enaHeKmincaM)ac;kMNt; θ A nig θ D eT. eKnwgTTYl)ankaredaHRsayxøICagRbsinebIeKGnuvtþ
smIkar 11-10 BI B eTA A nigBI C eTA D ehIybnÞab;mkGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 BI B eTA C nig BI C eTA
B . smIkarTaMgbYnenHnwgBak;B½n§EtnwgmMurgVil θ B nig θ C EdlCaGBaØatEtb:ueNÑaH.

!!>#> viPaKFñwm (Analysis of beams)

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)
Degree of Freedom
bg;elx b¤GkSrRKb;TRm nigtMN (node) edIm,IkMNt;GtþsBaØaNénElVgrbs;Fñwm b¤eRKagEdlenAcenøaH
node. edayKUrrUbragdabrbs;rcnasm<½n§ eKmanlT§PaBkMNt;cMnYn degree of freedom. enATIenH

node nImYy²GacmanbMlas;TImMu nigbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r. eKRtUvrkrkSaPaBRtUvKñaenARtg; node edIm,IeFVI

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -386

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
[Ggát;EdltP¢ab;edaytMNbgáb;enARtg; node rgbMlas;TIdUcKña. RbsinebIbMlas;TITaMgenaHCa GBaØat
eKKYrsnμt;[vaeFVIGMeBItamTisviC¢man edayeFVI[Ggát; b¤tMNvilRsbTisRTnicnaLika ¬rUbTI 11-2¦.
smIkar Slope-Deflection
smIkar slope-deflection P¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagm:Um:g;EdlCaGBaØatEdlGnuvtþenARtg; node CamYynwg
bMlas;TIrbs; nodes sRmab;ElVgTaMgGs;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. RbsinebIeKmanbnÞúkenAelIElVg eKRtUv
KNna FEM edayeRbItaragm:Um:g;cugEdl[enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 11.2. ehIyRbsinebI node manbMlas;TI
lIenEG‘r Δ eKRtUvKNna ψ = Δ / L sRmab;ElVgEk,r. GnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 eTAelIcugrbs;ElVgnImYy²
edayeRbIsmIkar slope-deflection BIrdgsRmab;ElVgnImYy². b:uEnþ RbsinebIcugElVgénFñwm b¤eRKag
Cab; CaTRmsnøak; GnuvtþsmIkar 11-10 EteTAelIcugEdlTb; ehIyeRbIsmIkar slope-deflection
Etmþg b:ueNÑaHsRmab;ElVg.
smIkarlMnwg
sresrsmIkarlMnwgsRmab; degree of freedom EdlCaGBaØatnImYy². eKRtUvsresrsmIkarTaMgenH
edayeRbIm:Um:g;Bt;EdlCaGBaØatdUcEdlkMNt;enAkñúgsmIkar slope-deflection. sRmab;Fñwm nigeRKag
sresrsmIkarlMnwgénm:Um:g;enARtg;TRmnImYy² nigsRmab;eRKagsresrsmIkarlMnwgénm:Um:g;Bt;Rtg;
tMN. RbsinebIeRKageyal b¤manPaBdabtamTisedk eKRtUvP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMgkat;enAkñúgssr
eTAnwgm:Um:g;enAxagcugrbs;ssr ¬nwgmanerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 11-5¦.
CMnYssmIkar slope-deflection eTAkñúgsmIkarlMnwg ehIyedaHRsayrkbMlas;TIrbs;tMNEdl
CaGBaØat. bnÞab;mkeKRtUvCMnYslT§plTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar slope-deflection edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;
enAxagcugrbs;Ggát;nImYy². RbsinebIlT§plmantémøGviC¢man mann½yfavavilRcasRTnicnaLika
cMENkÉm:Um:g; nigbMlas;TIviC¢manvilRsbRTnicnaLika.

]TarhN_ 11-1³ sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-

10a. EI Camantémøefr.
dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
enAkñúg]TahrN_enHeKRtUvBicarNaElVgBIr. edaysarKμanElVgNamYymanTRmsnøak; b¤TRmkl; dUcenH
eKRtUvGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8. edayeRbIrUbmnþsRmab; FEM EdlerobcMenAkñúgtaragsRmab;bnÞúk RtIekaN

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -387

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

2
6(6 )2
(FEM )BC = − wL =− = −7.2kN .m
30 30
2
6(6 )2
(FEM )CB = wL = = 10.8kN .m
20 20
cMNaMfa (FEM )BC GviC¢man edaysarvaeFVIGMeBIRcasRTnicnaLikaenARtg;cMNuc B . ehIy (FEM )AB
= (FEM )BA = 0 edaysarminmanbnÞúkenAelIElVg AB .

edIm,IsÁal;GBaØat ExSekageGLasÞicsRmab;FñwmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-10b. dUckar

bgðaj eKmanm:Um:g;Bt;EdlCaGBaØatcMnYnbYn. manEtmMurgVil θ B enARtg;cMNuc B b:ueNÑaHEdlCaGBaØat.
edaysar A nig C CaTRmbgáb; enaH θ A = θC = 0 . ehIy edaysarTRmminRsut ¬vamin
manbMlas;TIeLIgelI b¤cuHeRkam¦ ψ AB = ψ BC = 0 . sRmab;ElVg AB ¬edayKitfa A CacugCit nig B
Cacugq¶ay¦ eyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M N = 2 E ⎜ ⎟(2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎝L⎠
⎛I⎞
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ B − 3(0 )] + 0 =
EI
θB (1)
⎝8⎠ 4
\LÚvKitfa B CacugCit nig A Cacugq¶ay eyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + 0 − 3(0 )] + 0 =
EI
θB (2)
⎝8⎠ 2
tamrebobdUcKña sRmab;ElVg BC eyIg)an
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -388
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
⎛I⎞
M BC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + 0 − 3(0 )] − 7.2 =
2 EI
θ B − 7.2 (3)
⎝6⎠ 3
⎛I⎞
M CB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0) + θ B − 3(0 )] + 10.8 =
EI
θ B + 10.8 (4)
⎝6⎠ 3
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarTaMgbYnxagelImanGBaØatcMnYnR)aM. smIkarEdlcaM)ac;TIR)aM)anBIlkçxNÐlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;
TRm B . düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;kMNat;Ggát;enARtg;cMNuc B RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-10c. enATI
enH M BA nig M BC RtUv)ansnμt;[eFVIGMeBIkñúgTisedAviC¢manedIm,I[RsbeTAnwgsmIkar slope-
deflection . dUcenH
*

+ ∑MB = 0 M BA + M BC = 0 (5)
edIm,IedaHRsay CMnYssmIkar (2) nig (3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (5) enaHeyIg)an
6.17
θB =
EI
edayCMnYstémøenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) dl;smIkar (4) eyIg)an
M AB = 1.54kN .m

M BA = 3.09kN .m
M BC = −3.09kN .m

M CB = 12.86kN .m
témøGviC¢mansRmab; M BC bgðajfam:Um:g;enHeFVIGMeBIRcasRTnicnaLikaenAelIFñwm minEmnRsbRTnicna-
LikadUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-10b.
edayeRbIlT§plenH eKkMNt;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cugElVgBIsmIkarlMnwg ¬rUbTI 11-10d¦.
düaRkamGgÁesrIénFñwmTaMgmUl nigdüaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-
10e.

]TarhN_ 11-2³ sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-

11a. EI Camantémøefr.
dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
enAkñúg]TahrN_enHeKRtUvBicarNaElVgBIr. eKGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 eTAelIElVg AB . eyIgGaceRbI

*
RsbRTnicnaLikaenAelIFñwm b:uEnþRcasRTnicnaLikaenAelITMr.
Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -389
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

smIkar 11-10 sRmab;ElVg BC edaysar C CaTRmkl;. edayeRbIrUbmnþsRmab; FEM EdlerobcM

enAkñúgtarag eyIg)an
2
(FEM ) AB = − wL =−
1
(40)(6)2 = −120kN .m
12 12
2
(FEM )BA = wL = 1 (40)(6)2 = 120kN .m
12 12
(FEM )BC = − 3PL = − 3(60)(2) = −22.5kN .m
16 16
cMNaMfa (FEM )AB nig (FEM )BC GviC¢man edaysarvaeFVIGMeBIRcasRTnicnaLikaenARtg;cMNuc A nig
B erogKña. ehIyedaysarTRmKμansRmut ψ AB = ψ BC = 0 . edayGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 sRmab;ElVg

AB nigedaydwgfa θ A = 0 eyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M N = 2 E ⎜ ⎟(2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎝L⎠
⎛I⎞
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0) + θ B − 3(0)] − 120
⎝L⎠
M AB = 0.333EIθ B − 120 (1)
⎛I⎞
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + 0 − 3(0)] + 120
⎝L⎠
M BA = 0.667 EIθ B + 120 (2)
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -390
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
edayGnuvtþsmIkar 11-12 CamYynwg B CacugCit nig C Cacugq¶ay eyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M N = 3E ⎜ ⎟(θ N −ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎝L⎠
⎛I⎞
M BC = 3E ⎜ ⎟(θ B − 0) − 22.5
⎝2⎠
M BC = 1.5EIθ B − 22.5 (3)
cgcaMfa eKminGnuvtþsmIkar 11-10 BI B ¬cugCit¦ eTA B ¬cugq¶ay¦ eT.
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarTaMgbIxagelImanGBaØatcMnYnbYn. smIkarEdlcaM)ac;TIR)aM)anBIlkçxNÐlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;
TRm B . düaRkamGgÁesrIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-11b. eyIg)an
+ ∑MB = 0 M BA + M BC = 0 (4)
edIm,IedaHRsay CMnYssmIkar (2) nig (3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (4) enaHeyIg)an
45
θB = −
EI
edaysar θ B GviC¢man ¬RcasRTnicnaLika¦ ExSekageGLasÞicsRmab;FñwmRtUv)ansg;y:agRtwmRtUvenA
kñúgrUbTI 11-11a. edayCMnYsθ B eTAkñúgsmIkar (1) –(3) eyIg)an
M AB = −135kN .m

M BA = 90kN .m
M BC = −90kN .m
edayeRbIlT§plénm:Um:g;TaMgenH eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cugrbs;ElVgFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 11-
11c. düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-11d.

]TarhN_ 11-3³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc A nig B sRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-12a.

TRmenARtg; A mansRmut 80mm . yk E = 200GPa nig I = 5(106 )mm4 .
dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
enAkúñgcMeNaTenH eyIgBicarNaEtElVg AB mYyb:ueNÑaH edaysarm:Um:g; M AB EdlbNþalBIFñwmly
EdlGacKNnaBIsþaTic. edaysarminmanbnÞúkenAelIElVg AB enaH FEM esμIsUnü. dUcbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 11-12b bMlas;TIcuHeRkamrbs;cMNuc B eFVI[ElVg AB vilRsbRTnicnaLika. dUcenH

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -391

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

0.08m
ψ AB = ψ BA = = 0.02rad
4
kRmajrbs; AB KW
I 5(10 6 )mm 4 (10 −12 )m 4 / mm 4
k= = = 1.25(10 − 6 )m 3
L 4m
edayGnuvtþsmIkar slope-deflection ¬smIkar 11-8¦ eTAelIElVg AB CamYynwg θ A = 0 eyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M N = 2 E ⎜ ⎟(2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎝L⎠
( ( ) )[ ( ) ]
M AB = 2 200 10 9 N / m 2 1.25 10 −6 m 3 [2(0 ) + θ B − 3(0.02 )] + 0 (1)
M BA = 2(200(10 )N / m )[1.25(10 )m ][2θ
9 2 −6 3
B + 0 − 3(0.02 )] + 0 (2)
smIkarlMnwg
düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;FñwmenARtg;TRm B RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-12c. eyIg)an
+ ∑MB = 0 M BA − 8000 N (3m ) = 0
edIm,IedaHRsay CMnYssmIkar (2) eTAkñúgsmIkarenH eyIg)an
1(10 6 )θ B − 30(103 ) = 24(10 3 )
θ B = 0.054rad ]
dUcenHBIsmIkar (1) nig (2)
M AB = −3.00kN .m

M BA = 24.0kN .m

]TarhN_ 11-4³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRmrbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-13a. TRmenARtg; A

mansRmut 30mm . yk E = 200GPa nig I = 600(106 )mm 4 .
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -392
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
enAkúñgcMeNaTenH eKmanElVgcMnYnbIEdlRtUvBicarNa. eKeRbIsmIkar 11-8 edaysarTRm A nig D
CaTRm bgáb;. ehIymanEtElVg AB b:ueNÑaHEdlman FEM .
2
(FEM ) AB = − wL 1
(20)(7.2)2 = −86.4kN .m
=
12 12
wL2 1
(FEM )BA = = (20)(7.2)2 = 86.4kN .m
12 12
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-13b, sRmut ¬bMlas;TI¦ rbs;TRm C eFVI[ψ BC viC¢man edaysarGgát; BC
vilRsbRTnicnaLika ehIyψ CD GviC¢man edaysarGgát; CD vilRcasRTnicnaLika. dUcenH
0.03m 0.03m
ψ BC = = 0.005rad ψ CD = − = −0.00667rad
6m 4m
edaybgðajxñatrbs;kRmajCaEm:Rt eyIg)an
600(10 6 )(10 −12 )
k AB = = 83.33(10 − 6 )m3
7.2
600(10 6 )(10 −12 )
k BC = = 100(10 − 6 )m 3
6

k CD =
( )(
600 10 10 −12
6
( ) )
= 133.33 10 −6 m 3
4.5
cMNaMfa θ = θ = 0 edaysar A nig D CaTRmbgáb; ehIyedayGnuvtþsmIkar slope-deflection
A D

¬smIkar 11-8¦ BIrdgenAelIElVgnImYy² eyIg)an

sRmab;ElVg AB
M = 2[200(10 )[83.33(10 )]2(0 ) + θ − 3(0 )] − 86.4
AB
6 −6
B
M AB = 33333.3θ B − 86.4 (1)

[ ( )[ ( )]
M BA = 2 200 10 6 83.33 10 − 6 2θ B + 0 − 3(0 ) + 86.4 ]
M BA = 66666.7θ B + 86.4 (2)

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -393

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

sRmab;ElVg BC
[ ( )[ ( )] ]
M BC = 2 200 10 6 100 10 − 6 2θ B + θ C − 3(0.005) + 0
M BC = 80000θ B + 40000θ C − 600 (3)

[ ( )[ ( )] ]
M CB = 2 200 10 6 100 10 − 6 2θ C + θ B − 3(0.005) + 0
M CB = 80000θ C + 40000θ B − 600 (4)
sRmab;ElVg CD
[ ( )[ ( )] ]
M CD = 2 200 10 − 6 133 10 − 6 2θ C + 0 − 3(− 0.00667 ) + 0
M CD = 106666.7θ C + 0 + 1066.7 (5)

[ ( )[ ( )] ]
M DC = 2 200 10 6 133.33 10 − 6 2(0 ) + θ C − 3(− 0.00667 ) + 0
M DC = 53333.3θ C + 1066.7 (6)
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarTaMgR)aMmYymanGBaØatR)aMbI. edaysresrsmIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;sRmab;TRmenARtg;cMNuc B
nig cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 11-13c¦ eyIg)an
+ ∑MB = 0 M BA + M BC = 0 (7)
+ ∑ MC = 0 M CB + M CD = 0 (8)
edIm,IedaHRsay CMnYssmIkar (2) nig (3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (7) ehIyCMnYssmIkar (4) nig (5) eTAkñúg
smIkar (8) enaHeyIg)an
θ C + 3.667θ B = 0.01284
− θ C − 0.214θ B = 0.00250
dUcenH θ B = 0.00444rad θ C = −0.00345rad
témøviC¢mansRmab; θC bgðajkarvilRcasRTnicnaLikarbs;bnÞat;b:HenARtg;cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 11-
13a¦. edayCMnYstémøTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1)-(6) eyIg)an
M AB = 61.6kN .m

M BA = 383kN .m

M BC = −383kN .m

M CB = −698kN .m

M CD = 698kN .m

M DC = 883kN .m

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -394

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
!!>$> viPaKeRKagEdlmineyal (Analysis of Frame: No sidesway)
eRKagnwgmineyal b¤pøas;TIeTAeqVg b¤eTAsþaM RbsinebIeKTb;va)anl¥. ]TahrN_RtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 11-14. ehIyeRKagEdlminmankarTb;)anl¥nwgmineyaleT RbsinragFrNImaRt nigkar
rgbnÞúkrbs;vamanlkçN³sIuemRTI dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-15. sRmab;krNITaMgBIr tYψ enAkñúg
smIkar slope-deflection esμIsUnü edaysarm:Um:g;Bt;min)aneFVI[tMNmanbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r.
]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþénsmIkar slope-deflection edayeRbIdMeNIrkarkñúgkar
viPaKEdlmanerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ !!># sRmab;eRKagRbePTenH.

]TarhN_ 11-5³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-16a. EI

mantémøefr.
dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
enAkúñgcMeNaTenH eKmanGgát;cMnYnbIEdlRtUvBicarNaKW AB / BC nig CD . edayeRKagenHmanTRm
bgáb; enARtg;cMNuc A nig D eyIgnwgGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 sRmab;karedaHRsayenH.

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -395

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

BItaragm:Um:g;bgáb;cug/ FEM sRmab; BC KW

5wL2 5(24 )(8)2
(FEM )BC =− =− = −80kN .m
96 96
2
5(24 )(8)2
(FEM )CB = 5wL = = 80kN .m
96 96
cMNaMfa θ A = θ D = 0 ehIyψ AB = ψ BC = ψ CD = 0 edaysareRKagenHnwgmineyal.
edayGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 eyIg)an
M N = 2 Ek (2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎛ I ⎞
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0) + θ B − 3(0 )] + 0
⎝ 12 ⎠
M AB = 0.1667 EIθ B (1)
⎛ I ⎞
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + 0 − 3(0 )] + 0
⎝ 12 ⎠
M BA = 0.333EIθ B (3)
⎛I⎞
M BC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + θ C − 3(0)] − 80
⎝8⎠
M BC = 0.5EIθ B + 0.25 EIθ C − 80 (3)
⎛I⎞
M CB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + θ B − 3(0 )] + 80
⎝8⎠
M CB = 0.8EIθ C + 0.25 EIθ B + 80 (4)
⎛ I ⎞
M CD = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + 0 − 3(0 )] + 0
⎝ 12 ⎠

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -396

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
M CD = 0.333EIθ C (5)
⎛ I ⎞
M DC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ C − 3(0 )] + 0
⎝ 12 ⎠
M DC = 0.1667 EIθ C (6)
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarTaMgR)aMmYymanGBaØatR)aMbI. smIkarlMnwgBIreTot)anBIsmIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;sRmab;TRmenA
Rtg;cMNuc B nig cMNuc C ¬rUbTI 11-16c¦. eyIg)an
M BA + M BC = 0 (7)
M CB + M CD = 0 (8)
edIm,IedaHRsaysmIkarTaMgR)aMbIenH CMnYssmIkar (2) nig (3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (7) nigCMnYssmIkar (4)
nig (5) eTAkñúgsmIkar (8). eyIg)an
0.833EIθ B + 0.25 EIθ C = 80

0.833EIθ C + 0.25 EIθ B = −80

edayedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarenHeyIg)an
137.1
θ B = −θ C =
EI
EdleqøIytbeTAnwgrebobEdleRKagdabdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-16a. edayCMnYsvaeTAkñúgsmIkar
(1)-(6) eyIg)an

M AB = 22.9kN .m

M BA = 45.7kN .m

M BC = −45.7kN .m

M BC = 45.7 kN .m

M CD = −45.7 kN .m

M DC = −22.9kN .m
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²BIsmIkarlMnwg ehIy
eyIgGacsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-16c.

]TarhN_ 11-6³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-17a.

m:Um:g;niclPaBsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. yk E = 200GPa .

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -397

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
enAkúñgcMeNaTenH eKmanGgát;cMnYnbYnEdlRtUvBicarNa. eyIgnwgGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 cMeBaHGgát; AB
nig BC ehIyGnuvtþsmIkar 11-10 cMeBaHGgát; CD nig CE BIeRBaH D nig E CaTRmsnøak;.
edaykMNt;kRmajrbs;Ggát; eyIg)an
160(10 6 )(10 −12 ) 80(10 6 )(10 −12 )
k AB = = 35.56(10 − 6 )m 3 kCD = = 17.78(10 − 6 )m 3
4.8 4.5
320(10 6 )(10 −12 ) 260(10 6 )(10 −12 )
k BC = = 66.67(10 − 6 )m 3 kCE = = 72.23(10 − 6 )m 3
4.8 3.6
FEM EdlbNþalBIbnÞúkKW
30(4.8)
(FEM )BC =−
PL
=− = −18kN .m
8 8
PL 30(4.8)
(FEM )CB = = = 18kN .m
8 8
wL2 50(3.6 )2
(FEM )CE =− =− = −81kN .m
8 8
edayGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 nigsmIkar 11-10 eTAelIeRKag nigcMNaMfaθ A = 0 /ψ AB = ψ BC = ψ CD =
ψ CE = 0 edaysarminmankareyal dUcenHeyIg)an

M N = 2 Ek (2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N

[ ( )] ( )
M AB = 2 200 10 6 (35.56 ) 10 − 6 [2(0 ) + θ B − 3(0 )] + 0

M AB = 14222.2θ B (1)

[ ( )] ( )
M BA = 2 200 10 6 (35.56 ) 10 − 6 [2θ B + 0 − 3(0 )] + 0

M BA = 28444.4θ B (2)

[ ( )] ( )
M BC = 2 200 10 6 (66.67 ) 10 −6 [2θ B + θ C − 3(0 )] − 18

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -398

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
M BC = 53333.3θ B + 26666.7θ C − 18 (3)

[ ( )] ( )
M CB = 2 200 10 6 (66.67 ) 10 − 6 [2θ C + θ B − 3(0 )] + 18

M BC = 26666.7θ B + 53333.3θ C + 18 (4)

M N = 3Ek (θ N −ψ ) + (FEM )N

[ ( )] ( )
M CD = 3 200 10 6 (17.78) 10 −6 [θ C − 0] + 0

M CD = 10666.7θ C (5)

[ ( )] ( )
M CE = 3 200 10 6 (72.22 ) 10 − 6 [θ C − 0] + 81

M CE = 43333.3θ C − 81 (6)

smIkarlMnwg
smIkarTaMgR)aMmYymanGBaØatR)aMbI. eKGacsresrsmIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;cMnYnBIrsRmab;TRmenARtg;
cMNuc B nigcMNuc C ¬rUbTI 11-17c¦. eyIg)an
M BA + M BC = 0 (7)
M CB + M CD + M CE = 0 (8)
edIm,IedaHRsay CMnYssmIkar (2) nig(3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (7) ehIyCMnYssmIkar (4)-(6) eTAkñúgsmIkar
(8) enaHeyIg)an

81777.7θ Β + 26666.7θ C = 18

26666.7θ B + 107333.3θ C = 63
edaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarenHeyIg)an
θ B = 3.124(10 −5 )rad θ C = 5.792(10 −4 )rad
edaysartémøTaMgenHviC¢man dUcenHvaeFVI[eRKagxUcRTg;RTaydUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-17a. eday
CMnYstémøTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1)-(6) nigedaHRsay eyIg)an
M AB = 0.444kN .m

M BA = 0.888kN .m

M BC = −0.888kN .m

M CB = 49.7 kN .m

M CD = 6.48kN .m

M CE = −55.9kN .m

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -399

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!!>%> viPaKeRKagEdleyal (Analysis of frames: Sidesway)

eRKagnwgeyal b¤cl½teTAxagenAeBlEdlva b¤bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIvamanlkçN³minsIuemRTI.
edIm,IbgðajBI\T§iBlenH BicarNaeRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-18. enATIenH bnÞúk P eFVI[man
m:Um:g; M BC nig M CB enARtg;cMNuc B nig C erogKña ehIym:Um:g;TaMgBIrenHminesμIKñaeT. m:Um:g; M BC eFVI
[cMNuc B cl½teTAsþaM Ém:Um:g; M CB eFVI[cMNuc C cl½teTAeqVg. edaysar M BC FMCag M CB
enaHlT§plénbMlas;TIsrub Δ rbs;tMN B nig C KWeTAsþaM dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb . enAeBlGnuvtþsmIkar
*

slope-deflection eTAelIssrnImYy²rbs;eRKag eyIgRtUvBicarNamMurgVilrbs;ssr ψ ¬edaysar

ψ = Δ / L ¦ CaGBaØatenAkñúgsmIkar. CalT§pl eKRtUvkar

bBa¢ÚlsmIkarlMnwgbEnßmsRmab;karedaHRsay. enAkñúgkfa-
xNÐelIkmun eyIgeXIjfabMlas;TImMu θ EdlCaGBaØatmanTMnak;
TMngenAkñúgsmIkar lMnwgénm:Um:g;. tamrebobdUcKña enAeBl
ekItmanbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r Δ ¬b¤mMurgVilrbs;ElVg ψ ¦ eyIgRtUv
sresrsmIkarlMnwgénkmøaMgedIm,ITTYl)andMeNaHRsayeBj
elj. b:uEnþ GBaØatenAkñúgsmIkarTaMgenHRtUvEtBak;B½n§nwg
m:Um:g;Bt;Edlman GMeBIenARtg;cugssr edaysarsmIkar slope-
deflection Bak;B½n§eTAnwgm:Um:g;TaMgenH. bec©keTssRmab;edaH

RsaycMeNaTéneRKagEdleyalRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_.

]TarhN_ 11-7³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-19a. EI

mantémøefr.
dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
edaysarTRm A nig D CaTRmbgáb; eKGacGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 sRmab;Ggát;TaMgbIrbs;eRKag. enATI
enH eRKagmanPaBeyal edaysarkardak;bnÞúk nigragFrNImaRtrbs;eRKagmanlkçN³minsIuemRTI.
enATIenH eKdak;bnÞúkedaypÞal;eTAelItMN B dUcenHminman FEM eFVIGMeBIeTAelItMNeT. dUcbgðajenA
kñúgrUb TI 11-19a eKsnμt;[tMN B nigtMN C pøas;TIedaybrimaN Δ esμIKña. Cavi)ak ψ AB = Δ / 4
ehIy ψ DC = Δ / 6 . tYTaMgBIrenHviC¢man edaysarGgát; AB nig CD vilRsbTisRTnicnaLika.

*
rMlwkfa kMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;Ggát;TaMgbIKWbNþalBIm:Um:g;Bt; edayecalkmøaMgkat;nigkmøaMgtamG½kS.
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -400
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
edayP¢ab; TMnak;TMngψ AB eTAnwgψ DC eyIg)anψ AB = (6 / 4)ψ DC . edayGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8
eTAelIeRKag eyIg)an
⎛ I ⎞⎡ ⎛6 ⎞⎤
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟ ⎢2(0 ) + θ B − 3⎜ ψ DC ⎟⎥ + 0 = EI (0.5θ B − 2.25ψ DC ) (1)
⎝ 4 ⎠⎣ ⎝4 ⎠⎦
⎛ I ⎞⎡ ⎛6 ⎞⎤
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟ ⎢2θ B + 0 − 3⎜ ψ DC ⎟⎥ + 0 = EI (1.0θ C − 2.25ψ DC ) (2)
⎝ 4 ⎠⎣ ⎝4 ⎠⎦
⎛I⎞
M BC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + θ C − 3(0 )] + 0 = EI (0.8θ B + 0.4θ C ) (3)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M CB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + θ B − 3(0 )] + 0 = EI (0.8θ B + 0.4θ C ) (4)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M CD = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + 0 − 3ψ DC ] + 0 = EI (0.667θ C − 1.0ψ DC ) (5)
⎝6⎠
⎛I⎞
M DC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ C − 3ψ DC ] + 0 = EI (0.333θ C − 1.0ψ DC ) (6)
⎝6⎠

smIkarlMnwg
smIkarTaMgR)aMmYymanGBaØatR)aMbYn. eKGacsresrsmIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;cMnYnBIrsRmab;TRmenARtg;
cMNuc B nigcMNuc C ¬rUbTI 11-17c¦. eyIg)an
M BA + M BC = 0 (7)
M CB + M CD = 0 (8)
edaysarvaekItmanbMlas;TItamTisedk Δ / eyIgnwgBicarNarplbUkkmøaMgenAelIeRKagTaMgmUltam
Tis x dUcenHeyIgTTYl)an
Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -401
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 200 − V A − VD = 0
eKGacP¢ab;TMnak;TMngkmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk b¤kmøaMgkat;enAkñúgssr VA nig VD eTAnwgm:Um:g;Bt;
edayBicarNadüaRkamGgÁesrIénssrdac;edayELkBIKña ¬rUbTI 11-19c¦. eyIgman
M AB + M BA
∑MB = 0 VA = −
4
M DC + M CD
∑ MC = 0 VD = −
6
M AB + M BA M DC + M CD
dUcenH 200 +
4
+
6
=0 (9)

edIm,IedaHRsay CMnYssmIkar (2) nig(3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (7) ehIyCMnYssmIkar (4) nig(5) eTAkñúg
smIkar (8) ehIyCMnYssmIkar (1), (2), (5) nig (6) eTAkñúgsmIkar (9) enaHeyIgTTYl)an
1.8θ Β + 0.4θ C − 2.25ψ DC = 0

0.4θ B + 1.467θ C −ψ DC = 0
800
1.5θ B + 0.667θ C − 5.833ψ DC =
EI
edaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarxagelI eyIgTTYl)an
EIθ B = 243.78 EIθ C = 75.66 EIψ DC = 208.48
cugeRkay edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH nigedaHRsaysmIkar (1)-(6) eyIg)an
M AB = −347 kN .m

M BA = −225kN .m
M BC = 225kN .m

M CB = 158kN .m

M CD = −158kN .m

M DC = −183kN .m

]TarhN_ 11-8³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-20a. TRm

enARtg; A nig D CaTRmbgáb; ehIytMN C RtUv)ansnμt;faCatMNsnøak;. EI mantémøefrsRmab;RKb;
Ggát;TaMgGs;.

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -402

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
eKGacGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 eTAelIGgát; AB edaysarvaRtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNbgáb;enAcugTaMgsgçag.
eKGacGnuvtþsmIkar11-10 BI B eTA C nigBI D eTA C edaysarsnøak;enARtg;cMNuc C RTm:Um:g;sUnü. dUc
bgðajedaydüaRkamPaBdab ¬rUbTI 11-20b¦ eKmanbM;las;TIlIenEG‘r Δ nigbMlas;TImMu θ B enARtg;
cMNuc B EdlCaGBaØat*. edaysar Δ Ggát; AB nig CD vilRsbRTnicnaLika ψ = ψ AB = ψ DC =
Δ / 4 . edaydwgfa θ A = θ D = 0 nigvaminman FEM sRmab;Ggát; enaHeyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M N = 2 E ⎜ ⎟(2θ N + θ F − 3ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎝L⎠

*
bMlas;TImMu θ nig θ enARtg;tMN C ¬snøak;¦ minRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgkarviPaKeT edaysareKeRbIsmIkar 11-10.
CB CD

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -403

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎛I⎞
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ B − 3ψ ] + 0 (1)
⎝4⎠
⎛I⎞
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟(2θ B + 0 − 3ψ ) + 0 (2)
⎝4⎠
⎛I⎞
M N = 3E ⎜ ⎟(θ N − ψ ) + (FEM )N
⎝L⎠
⎛I⎞
M BC = 3E ⎜ ⎟(θ B − 0 ) + 0 (3)
⎝3⎠
⎛I⎞
M DC = 3E ⎜ ⎟(0 − ψ ) + 0 (4)
⎝4⎠
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN B ¬rUbTI 11-20c¦. eyIg)an
M BA + M BC = 0 (5)
RbsinebIeKbUkkmøaMgsRmab;eRKagTaMgmUltamTisedAedk eyIg)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 10 − V A − VD = 0 (6)
dUcbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;ssrnImYy² ¬rUbTI 11-20d¦ eyIg)an
M AB + M BA
∑MB = 0 VA = −
4
M DC
∑ MC = 0 VD = −
4
dUcenHBIsmIkar (6)
M AB + M BA M DC
10 + + =0 (7)
4 4
edayCMnYssmIkar slope-deflection eTAkñúgsmIkar (5) nig (7) ehIyedaysRmYlvaeyIgTTYl)an
3
θB = ψ
4
EI ⎛ 3 15 ⎞
10 + ⎜ θB − ψ ⎟ = 0
4 ⎝2 4 ⎠
dUcenH θB =
240
21EI
ψ=
320
21EI
edayCMnYstémøTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1)-(4) eyIg)an
M AB = −17.1kN .m M BA = −11.4kN .m

M BC = 11.4kN .m M DC = −11.4kN .m
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eKGackmøaMgRbtikmμcugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²BIsmIkarlMnwg ¬rUbTI 11-20e¦.
düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-20f.

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -404

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
]TarhN_ 11-9³ cUrBnül;BIrebobkMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy²éneRKagBIrCan;EdlbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 11-21a. EI mantémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
edaysarTRmenARtg; A nig F CaTRmbgáb; eKGacGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 sRmab;Ggát;TaMgR)aMmYyrbs;
eRKag. eKminKNna FEM eT edaysarbnÞúkTaMgGs;manGMeBIenARtg;tMN. enATIenH bnÞúkeFVI[tMN B
nig tMN E pøas;TIedaybrimaN Δ1 ehIyeFVI[tMN C nigtMN D pøas;TIedaybrimaN Δ1 + Δ 2 . Ca
lT§pl Ggát; AB nigGgát; FE rgkarviledaybrimaNψ 1 = Δ1 / 5 ehIy BC nig DE rgkarvileday
brimaN ψ 2 = Δ 2 / 5 .
edayGnuvtþsmikar 11-8 eTAelIeRKageyIg)an
⎛I⎞
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ B − 3ψ 1 ] + 0 (1)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + 0 − 3ψ 1 ] + 0 (2)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M BC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + θ C − 3ψ 2 ] + 0 (3)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M CB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + θ B − 3ψ 2 ] + 0 (4)
⎝5⎠

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -405

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎛I⎞
M CD = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + θ D − 3(0 )] + 0 (5)
⎝7⎠
⎛I⎞
M DC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ D + θ C − 3(0 )] + 0 (6)
⎝7⎠
⎛I⎞
M BE = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + θ E − 3(0 )] + 0 (7)
⎝7⎠
⎛I⎞
M EB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ E + θ B − 3(0 )] + 0 (8)
⎝7⎠
⎛I⎞
M ED = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ E + θ D − 3ψ 2 ] + 0 (9)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M DE = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ D + θ E − 3ψ 2 ] + 0 (10)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M FE = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ E − 3ψ 1 ] + 0 (11)
⎝5⎠
⎛I⎞
M EF = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ E + 0 − 3ψ 1 ] + 0 (12)
⎝5⎠
smIkarTaMg 12enHmanGBaØat 18.
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN B / C / D nig E ¬rUbTI 11-21c¦. eyIg)an
M BA + M BE + M BC = 0 (13)
M CB + M CD = 0 (14)
M DC + M DE = 0 (15)
M EF + M EB + M ED = 0 (16)
dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_elIkmun kmøaMgkat;enARtg;Kl;rbs;ssrsRmab;RKb;Can;RtUvEteFVI[bnÞúktamTis
edkmantulüPaB ¬rUbTI 11-21c¦. eyIg)an
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 40 − VBC − VED = 0
M + M CB M ED + M DE
40 + BC + =0 (17)
5 5
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0 40 + 80 − V AB − VFE = 0
M + M BA M EF + M FE
120 + AB + =0 (18)
5 5
dMeNaHRsayTamTarnUvkarCMnYssmIkr (1) - (12) eTAkñúgsmIkar (13) - (18) EdlTTYl)anR)aMmYy
smIkarEdlmanR)aMmYyGBaØatKW ψ 1 / ψ 2 / θ B / θC / θ D nig θ E . eKGacedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarenH.
eKRtUvCMnYslT§plEdlTTYl)aneTAkñúgsmIkar (1) –(12) EdleFVI[eyIgTTYl)anm:Um:g;enARtg;tMN.
]TarhN_ 11-10³ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy²éneRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-22a. EI
mantémøefrsRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -406
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
smIkar slope-deflection
eKGacGnuvtþsmIkar 11-8 eTAelIGgát;TaMgbI. FEM KW
2
30(3.6 )2
(FEM )BC = − wL =− = −32.4kN .m
12 12
2
30(3.6 )2
(FEM )CB = wL = = 32.4kN .m
12 12
Ggát;eRTt AB eFVI[eRKageTreTAsþaMdUcbgðajkñúgrUbTI 11-22a. CalT§pl tMN B nig C rgnUv
bMlas;TImMu nigbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r. bMlas;TIlIenEG‘rRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-22b Edl B cl½teTA
B' )anTMhM Δ1 ehIy C cl½teTA C ' )an Δ 3 . bMlas;TITaMgenHeFVI[Ggát;vilRsbRTnicnaLikaψ 1 / ψ 3

niigRcasRTnicnaLika − ψ 2 dUcbgðaj . dUcenH *

Δ1 Δ1 Δ3
ψ1 = ψ2 = − ψ3 =
3 3.6 6

*
rlWkfa kMhUcRTg;RTayEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgtamG½kSRtUv)anecal ehIybMlas;TI BB' nig CC ' RtUv)anKitCaragbnÞat; eday
sarCak;Esþgψ 1 nigψ 3 mantémøtUc.
Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -407
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 11-22c bMlas;TITaMgbImanTMnak;TMngKña. ]TahrN_ Δ 2 = 0.5Δ1 ehIy Δ 3 =

0.866Δ1 . dUcenH BIsmIkarxagelI eyIg)an

ψ 2 = −0.417ψ 1 ψ 3 = 0.433ψ 1
edaseRbIlT§plTaMgenH smIkar slope-deflection sRmab;eRKagKW
⎛I⎞
M AB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ B − 3ψ 1 ] + 0 (1)
⎝3⎠
⎛I⎞
M BA = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + 0 − 3ψ 1 ] + 0 (2)
⎝3⎠
⎛ I ⎞
M BC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ B + θ C − 3(− 0.417ψ 1 )] − 32.4 (3)
⎝ 3.6 ⎠
⎛ I ⎞
M CB = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + θ B − 3(− 0.417ψ 1 )] + 32.4 (4)
⎝ 3.6 ⎠
⎛I⎞
M CD = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2θ C + 0 − 3(0.433ψ 1 )] + 0 (5)
⎝6⎠
⎛I⎞
M DC = 2 E ⎜ ⎟[2(0 ) + θ C − 3(0.433ψ 1 )] + 0 (6)
⎝6⎠
smIkarTaMgR)aMmYymanGBaØatR)aMbYn.
smIkarlMnwg
smIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN B nig C . eyIg)an
M BA + M BC = 0 (7)
M CD + M CB = 0 (8)
eKGacTTYl)ansmIkarcaM)ac;TIbIedayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc O ¬rUbTI 11-22d¦. smIkarenH
lubbM)at;kmøaMgEkg N A nig N D dUcenH
+ ∑ MO = 0
⎛ M + M BA ⎞ ⎛M + M CD ⎞
M AB + M DC − ⎜ AB ⎟(10.2 ) − ⎜ DC ⎟(12.24) − 108(1.8) = 0
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠
− 2.4 M AB − 3.4 M BA − 2.04 M CD − 1.04M CD − 194.4 = 0 (9)
edayCMnYssmIkar (2) nig (3) eTAkñúgsmIkar (7) smIkar (4) nigsmIkar (5) eTAkñúgsmIkar (8) nig
smIkar (1), (2), (5) nig (6) eTAkñúgsmIkar (9) eyIg)an
9.72
0.733θ B + 0.167θ C − 0.392ψ 1 =
EI
9.72
0.167θ B + 0.533θ C + 0.0784ψ 1 = −
EI
58.32
− 1.840θ B − 0.512θ C + 3.880ψ 1 =
EI
edaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarTaMgenH eyIg)an
EIθ B = 35.51 EIθ C = −33.33 EIψ 1 = 27.47
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ smIkar slope-deflection T.Chhay -408
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
edayCMnYstémøTaMgenHeTAkñúgsmIkar (1) – (6), eyIg)an
M AB = −31.3kN .m M BC = 7.60kN .m M CD = −34.2kN .m

M BA = −7.60kN .m M CB = 34.2kN .m M DC = −23.0kN .m

Displacement method of analysis: Slope-deflection equations T.Chhay -409

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT
!!>!> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRm A nig C bnÞab;mk !!>%> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRm B bnÞab;mksg;
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt;fatMN B CatMNkl;. düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt;TRmenARtg; A
EI mantémøefr. nig C CaTRmbgáb;. EI mantémø efr.

!!>@> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRm A nig B bnÞab;mk !!>^> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRm A / B nig C

sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. EI mantémøefr. bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt;
TRmenARtg; A CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B nig C Ca
TRmkl;. EI mantémøefr.

!!>#> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRm A nig B bnÞab;mk

sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. EI mantémøefr.

!!>&> kMNt;RbtikmμTRmenARtg; A / B nig C

bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt;
TRmenARtg; A CaTRmsnøak;.
!!>$> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;TRm B nig C bnÞab;mk
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt; A / B nig
C CaTRmkl; ehIy D CaTRmsnøak;. EI man

témøefr.
!!>*> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; B / C nig D bnÞab; mk
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab; ABDE . snμt; A Ca
TRmsnøak; nig D CaTRmkl; ehIy C CaTRmbgáb;.
EI mantémøefr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -410

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
A nig C CaTRmbgáb; ehIy B CatMNbgáb;. EI
mantémøefr.

!!>(> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; B bnÞab;mksg;düa-

Rkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;
A nig C CaTRmsnøak; ehIy B CatMNbgáb;.

EI mantémøefr.

!!>!@> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; B nig C . snμt; B nig

C CaTRmkl; ehIy A nig D CatMNsnøak;. EI

mantémøefr.

!!>!0> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; B nig D bnÞab;mksg;

düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; A nig C CaTRmsnøak;
ehIy B nig D CatMN nigTRmbgáb;. !!>!#> kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk nigtam
EI mantémøefr.
TisQrenARtg; A nig C . snμt; A nig C CaTRm
snøak; ehIy B CatMNbgáb;. yk E = 200GPa .

!!>!!> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; B bnÞab;mksg;düa-

Rkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt;

Problems T.Chhay -411

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!!>!$> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; A nig B bnÞab;mk !!>!&> FñwmCab;RTbnÞúkcMcMNucbI. kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;

sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; B nig C CaTRmkl;. GtibrmaenAkñúgFñwm nigbnÞab;mksg;düaRkam
EI mantémøefr. m:Um:g;. EI mantémøefr.

!!>!%> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; A / B nig C bnÞab; !!>!*> kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMNnImYy² nigTRm

mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; A CaTRmbgáb;. rbs;eRKag. tMN nigTRmCatMN nigTRmbgáb;.
EI mantémøefr. EI man témøefr.

!!>!^> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cugénGgát;rbs;
eRKag. TRmenARtg; A nig C TRmbgáb; ehIy B
!!>!(> eRKagenHeFVIBIbMBg;TIbEdlmantMNbgáb;.
CatMNbgáb;. EI mantémøefr.
RbsinebIvaRTbnÞúkdUcbgðaj cUrkMNt;m:Um:g;Edl
ekItmanenARtg;tMN nigTRmnImYy². EI man
témøefr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -412

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!!>@0> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy² nigenA

Rtg;TRmbgáb; bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamGgÁesrI.
EI mantémøefr.
!!>@#> épÞxagrbs;eRKagrgbnÞúkGIuRdUsþaTicdUc
bgðaj. kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMN nigTRm
nImYy². EI mantémøefr.

!!>@!> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMN nigTRmnImYy².

eKmantMNbgáb;enARtg; B nig C ehIyeKman
TRmbgáb;enARtg; A nig D . EI mantémøefr.
!!>@$> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;
eRKag. bnÞúkelIdMbUlRtUv)anepÞreTAédrENg
EdlmanTRmsamBaØ. snμt;TRmRtg; A nig E Ca
TRmsnøak; ehIytMNTaMgGs;CatMNbgáb;. EI
man témøefr.
!!>@@> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; A / B / C nig D
bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. Ggát;nImYy²RtUv
)antP¢ab;edaytMNbgáb; nigmanTRmbgáb;. EI
mantémøefr.

Problems T.Chhay -413

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!!>@%> edaHRsaycMeNaT !!>@$ edaysnμt;fa sg;düaRkamkmøaMgkat; nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;

TRm A nig E CaTRmbgáb;. sRmab;rt. snμt;fassrmanlkçN³rwg.
!!>@^> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;
eRKag. TRm A nig D CaTRmsnøak;. EI
mantémø efr.

!!>@&> kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;
eRKag nigenARtg;TRm A nig D EdlCaTRmbgáb;.
EI mantémøefr.

KMerag !!>!> dMbUlRtUv)anRTedayrnUtEdlQr

elIrtBIr. eKKitfarnUtnImYy²RtUv)anRTeday
TRmsamBaØ ehIyeKKitfartxagmuxRtUv)anRT
edayssrEdlCaTRmsnøak;enARtg; A nigCa
TRmkl;enA Rtg; B nig C . snμt;fadMbUlRtUv
)anplitBIebtug EdlmankRmas; 75mm ehIy
rnUtnImYy²man Tm¶n; 2.5kN . eyagtamkUd
dMbUlenHrgnUvbnÞúk RBilEdlmanTm¶n;
1.2kN / m 2 . rnUtmanRbEvg 8m .

cMeNaT T.Chhay -414

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!@> karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g;

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution

viFIEbgEckm:Um:g;CakarviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TIEdlgayRsYlkñúgkarGnuvtþenAeBlEdleKkMNt;
efreGLasÞic (elastic constant). CMBUkenHnwgbgðajCadMbUgnUvniymn½y nigeKalKMnitsMxan;² sRmab;
viFIEbgEckm:Um:g; ehIybnÞab;mkGnuvtþviFIenHedIm,IedaHRsaycMeNaTEdlBak;B½n§nwgFñwm nig eRKagmin
kMNt;edaysþaTic. karGnuvtþcMeBaHeRKageRcInCab;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgCMBUkcugeRkay.

!@>!> eKalkarN_TUeTA nigniymn½y (General principles and definitions)

karsikSaviPaKeRKOgFñwm nigeRKagEdleRbIviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;EdlbegáIteLIgedayhaDIRkUs
(Hardy Cross) enAkñúgqñaM1930. enAeBlenaH viFIenHTTYlkarcab;GarmμN_Pøam²enAeBlEdleKpSBV

pSayvaCaelIkdMbUg ehIyeKTTYlsÁal;favaCaviFIEdlmankareCOnelOneTAmuxKYr[kt;sMKal;kñúgkar
viPaKeRKOgbgÁúMenAkñúgstvtSTI20.
viFIEbgEckm:Um:g;CaviFIRbhak;RbEhlEdleKGacTTYl)ankRmitsuRkiteTAtamtRmUvkarEdleK
cg;)an. viFIenHcab;epþImedaysnμt;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagCatMNbgáb;. bnÞab;mkedaykarRsay nig
karTb;tMNnImYy²bnþbnÞab;Kña enaHm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNRtUv)anEbgEck nigRtUv)aneFIV[mantémøesμIKña
rhUtdl;tMNenaHvildl; b¤esÞIrdl;TItaMgcugeRkay. eyIgnwgeXIjfaviFIenHmanlkçN³sarcuHsareLIg
niggayRsYlkñúgkarGnuvtþ. b:uEnþ munnwgBnül;BIbec©keTsénviFIEbkEckm:Um:g; eyIgRtUvdwgBIniymn½y
nigeKalKMnitxøH.
karkMNt;sBaØa³ eyIgnwgbegáItkarkMNt;sBaØadUcKñanwgkarkMNt;sBaØasRmab;smIkar slope-deflec-
tion Edlm:Um:g;viC¢manCam:Um:g;EdleFVVI[Ggát;vilRsbRTnicnaLika ehIym:Um:g;GviC¢manCam:Um:g;EdleFVI

[Ggát;vilRcasRTnicnaLika ¬rUbTI 12-1¦.

m:Um:g;bgáb;cug (FEMs)³ m:Um:g;enARtg;CBa¢aMg b¤enARtg;tMNbgáb;énGgát;rgbnÞúkRtUv)aneKehAfam:Um:g;

bgáb;cug (fixed-end moment). eKGackMNt;m:Um:g;TaMgenHBItaragenAkñúgemeronTI11 m:Um:g;bgáb;cug
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -415
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

GaRs½yeTAnwgRbePTénkardak;bnÞúk. Ca]TahrN_ FñwmEdlrgbnÞúkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-2 man

m:Um:g;bgáb;cug FEM = PL / 8 = 800(10) / 8 = 1000 N .m . eKRtUvcMNaMGMBIGMeBIrbs;m:Um:g;TaMgenHmkelI
Fñwm nigkarkMNt;sBaØarbs;eyIg dUcenHeyIgeXIjfa M AB = −1000N .m ehIy M BA = +1000 N .

emKuNkRmajsRmab;Ggát; (member stiffness factor)³ eKmanFñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-3

Edl cugmçagRtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak; nigmçageTotRTedayTRmbgáb;. GMeBIrbs;m:Um:g; M eFVI[cug A
vil)anmMurgVilθ A . enAkñúgemeronTI11 eyIg)anP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvag M nig θ A edayeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ Edl
M = (4 EI / L )θ A enAkñúgsmIkar 11-1. tYenAkñúgrg;Rkck
4 EI
K= (12-1)
L
cugbgáb;q¶ay
RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfaemKuNkRmajenARtg; A . emKuNkRmajCabrimaNénm:Um:g; M EdlcaM)ac;edIm,I
eFVI[cug A rbs;Fñwmvil)anθ A = 1rad .

emKuNkRmajsRmab;tMN (joint stiffness factor)³ RbsinebIGgát;CaeRcInRtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMN

bgáb; ehIycugq¶ayrbs;vaCaTRmbgán; enaHedayeKalkarN_tRmYtpl emKuNkRmalsrubenARtg;tMN
CaplbUkén emKuNkRmajsRmab;Ggát;enARtg;tMN eBalKW KT = ∑ K . Ca]TahrN_ cUrBicarNatMN
rbs;eRKagRtg; A enAkñúgrUbTI 12-4a. eKkMNt;témøCaelxrbs;emKuNkRmajsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²BI
smIkar 12-1 ehIybgðajvaenAelIrUb. edayeRbItémøTaMgenH emKuNkRmajsrubéntMN A KW
K T = ∑ K = 4000 + 5000 + 1000 = 10000 .

TMhMenHCabrimaNénm:Um:g;EdlRtUvkaredIm,IbgViltMNeday)anmMu1rad .

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -416

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

emKuNEbgEck (Distribution factor DF)³ RbsinebIeKGnuvtþm:Um:g; M eTAelItMNbgáb; enaHGgát;

EdltP¢ab;eTAnwgtMNenaHnwgpþl;nUvcMENkénm:Um:g;Tb;caM)ac;edIm,IbMeBjlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN.
cMENkénm:Um:g;Tb;srubEdlpþl;[edayGgát;RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfaemKuNEbgEck. edIm,ITTYl)an
témøTaMgenH BinitüemIltMNEdlP¢ab;eday n Ggát;. RbsinebIm:Um:g; M eFVI[tMNvil)an θ enaH Ggát;
i nImYy²nwgviledaybrimaNdUcKñaenH. RbsinebIemKuNkRmajrbs;Ggát;TI i Ca K i enaHm:Um:g;Edl

cUlrYmedayGgát;enaHKW M i = K iθ . edaysarsmIkarlMnwgRtUvkar M = M1 + M n = K1θ + K nθ =

θ ∑ K i enaHemKuNEbgEcksRmab;Ggát;TI i KW
Mi K iθ
DFi = =
M θ ∑ Ki
edaysRmYltY θ eyIgeXIjfaemKuNEbgEcksRmab;Ggát;esμInwgplEckénemKuNkRmajrbs;Ggát;elI
emKuNkRmajsrubsRmab;tMN EdlCaTUeTAeKsresr
K
DF = (12-2)
∑K
Ca]TahrN_ emKuNEbgEcksRmab;Ggát; AB / AC nig AD enARtg;tMN A ¬enAkñúgrUbTI 12-4a¦ KW
DFAB = 4000 / 10000 = 0.4
DFAC = 5000 / 10000 = 0.5

DFAD = 1000 / 10000 = 0.1

CalT§pl RbsinebI M = 2000 N .m eFVIGMeBIenARtg;cMNuc A ¬rUbTI 12-4b¦ m:Um:g;lMnwgEdlGnuvtþ
edayGgát;mkelItMN ¬enAkñúgrUbTI 12-4c¦ KW
M AB = 0.4(2000 ) = 800 N .m
M AC = 0.5(2000 ) = 1000 N .m

M AD = 0.1(2000 ) = 200 N .m

emKuNkRmajeFobrbs;Ggát; (member relative-stiffness factor)³ eBlxøH Fñwm b¤eRKagCab;RtUv

)aneFVIBIsmÖar³EtmYy dUcenHGgát;rbs;vaTaMgGs;RtUvEtmanm:UDuleGLasÞic E dUcKña. kñúgkrNIEbbenH
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -417
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKGacminKitemKuN 4E EdlmanenAkñúgsmIkar 12-1 BIPaKykénsmIkar 12-2 enAeBlkMNt;emKuN

EbgEcksRmab;tMN. dUcenH eKmanlkçN³gayRsYledayRKan;EtkMNt;emKuNkRmajeFobrbs;Ggát;
I
KR = (12-3)
L
cugbgáb;q¶ay
ehIyeRbIvasRmab;KNnaemKuNEbgEck.
emKuNdMENl (carry-over factor)³ BicarNaFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 12-3 mþgeTot. enAkñúgemeronTI 11
eyIgeXIjfa M AB = (4EI / L)θ A ¬smIkar 11-1¦ ehIy M BA = (2EI / L )θ A ¬smIkar 11-2¦.
edayedaHRsayrk θ A ehIydak;[smIkarTaMgenHesμIKñaeyIg)an M BA = M AB / 2 . eyIgGac niyay
fam:Um:g; M enARtg;TRmsnøak;eFVI[manm:Um:g; M ' = M / 2 enARtg;CBa¢aMg. emKuNdMENlCacMENkén
M EdlRtUv)anepÞrBIsnøak;eTACBa¢aMg. dUcenH enAkñúgkrNIrbs;FñwmEdlmancugq¶ayCaTRmbgáb;

emKuNdMENlKW + 1 / 2 . sBaØabUkmann½yfam:Um:g;TaMgBIreFVIkarkñúgTisedAdUcKña.

!@>@> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm (Moment distribution for beams)

karEbkEckm:Um:g;KWQrelIeKalkarN_Rsay nigTb;tMNrbs;rcnasm<½n§bnþbnÞab;KñaedIm,IGnuBaØat
[mankarEbgEckm:Um:g; nigeFVI[m:Um:g;mantulüPaBenARtg;tMN. meFüa)ayd¾l¥kñúgkarBnül;viFI KWkar
Bnül;edayeRbI]TahrN_.
eKmanFñwmmYyEdlmanm:UDuleGLasÞic E efr nigmanTMhM nigbnÞúkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-
6a. munnwgeyIgcab;epþIm dMbUgeyIgRtUvKNnaemKuNEbgEckenARtg;cugTaMgBIrrbs;ElVgnImYy². eday
eRbIsmIkar 12-1 ¬ K = 4EI / L ¦ emKuNkRmajenAEpñksgxagrbs; B KW
4 E (120)(10 6 )
K BA = = 4 E (40)(106 )mm 4 / m
3
4 E (240 )(10 6 )
K BC = = 4 E (60 )(10 6 )mm 4 / m
4
dUcenH edayeRbIsmIkar 12-2 DF = K / ∑ K sRmab;cugEdltP¢ab;eTAniwgtMN B eyIg)an
4 E (40)
DFBA = = 0.4
4 E (40) + 4 E (60)
4 E (60)
DFBC = = 0.6
4 E (40) + 4 E (60)
enARtg;CBa¢aMg ¬tMN A nigtMN C ¦ emKuNEbgEckGaRs½ynwgemKuNkRmajrbs;Ggát; nigemKuN
kRmajrbs;CBa¢aMg. edaysarenAkñúgRTwsþI eKRtUvkarm:Um:g;EdlmanTMhMGnnþedIm,IbgVilCBa¢aMg[)an
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -418
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

mYyra:düg; ¬emKuNkRmajCBa¢aMgKWGnnþ¦. dUcenHsRmab;tMN A nig C eyIgman

4 E (40 )
DFAB = =0
∞ + 4 E (40 )
4 E(60 )
DFCB = =0
∞ + 4 E (60)
cMNaMfa eKGacTTYl)anlT§plxagelIRbsinebIeKeRbIemKuNkRmajeFob K R = I / L ¬smIkar 12-3¦
sRmab;karKNna. elIsBIenH plbUkénemKuNEbgEckRtg;tMNEtgEtesμInwgmYy elIkElgEtRtg;TRm
bgáb;.

eRkayeBlKNnaemKuNEbgEck eyIgnwgkMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cug. manEtElVg BC b:ueNÑaHEdlrg

bnÞúk ehIyedayeRbItaragenAkñúgemeronTI 11 eyIg)an
wL2 6000(4 )2
(FEM )BC =− =− = −8000 N .m
12 12
2
6000(4 )2
(FEM )CB = wL = = 8000 N .m
12 12
eyIgcab;epþImedaysnμt;fatMN B RtUv)anTb; b¤bgáb;. m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg;cMNuc B RTElVg BC kñúgTI
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -419
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

taMgbgáb; b¤TItaMgTb;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-5b. CakarBit enHvaminEmnCasßanPaBlMnwgCak;EsþgenA

Rtg;tMN B edaysarm:Um:g;enAelIEpñknImYy²rbs;tMNenHRtUvEtesμIKña nigmanTisedApÞúyKña. edIm,IEk
sRmYlva eyIgRtUvGnuvtþm:Um:g; 8000 N.m EdlmanTisedApÞúyKñaeTAelItMN nigGnuBaØat[tMNvileday
esrI ¬rUbTI 12-5c¦. CalT§pl Epñkénm:Um:g;enHRtUv)anEbgEckeTAElVg BC nig BA edayeKarBtam
emKuNEbgEck ¬b¤emKuNkRmaj¦ rbs;ElVgenARtg;tMN. m:Um:g;enAkñúg BA KW 0.4(8000) = 3200 N.m
ehIym:Um:g;enAkñúg BC KW 0.6(8000) = 4800 N.m . cugeRkay edaysarkarvilEdlekItmanenARtg; B
m:Um:g;enHRtUv)anepÞr edaysarm:Um:g;EdlekItmanenARtg;cugq¶ayrbs;ElVg. edayeRbIemKuNdMENl
+ 1 / 2 enaHlT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-5d.

]TahrN_enHbgðajfaCMhandMbUgEdlcaM)ac;enAeBlEbgEckm:Um:g;enARtg;tMNKW³ kMNt;m:Um:g;
GtulüPaBEdlmanGMeBIenARtg;tMNEdlbgáb;dMbUg/ RsayPaBbgáb;rbs;tMNenaH/ rYcGnuvtþm:Um:g;
GtulüPaBEdlmanTMhMesμIKña EtTisedApÞúyKñaedIm,IEktRmUvlMnwg/ EbgEckm:Um:g;kñúgcMeNamElVgEdlt
P¢ab;/ ehIyepÞrm:Um:g;kñúgElVgrbs;vaeTAcugmçageTot. CaTUeTA CMhanTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarag
¬rUbTI 12-5e¦. enATIenH Dist, CO bgðajfam:Um:g;RtUv)anEbgEck nigepÞr. enAkñúgkrNIBiessenH eK
RtUvkareFVIkarEbgEckm:Um:g;EtmYyCMub:ueNÑaH edaysarCBa¢aMgenARtg; A nig C RsUbykm:Um:g; ehIymin
mantMNq¶ayÉNaeTotEdleKRtUveFVI[mantulüPaB b¤RsaykarTb;edIm,IbMeBjlkçxNÐlMnwgrbs;tMN
eT. eRkayeBlEbgEcktamrebobenH eKeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;tMNnImYy²EdleFVI[eKTTYl)anlT§pl
cugeRkayEdlbgðajenAkñúgbnÞat;xageRkamrbs;taragénrUbTI 12-5e. cMNaMfa \LÚvtMN B sßitkñúg
sßanPaBlMnwg. edaysar M BC GviC¢man enaHm:Um:g;enHmanGMeBIelIElVg BC RcasRTnicnaLikadUcbgðaj
enAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;ElVgFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 12-5f. edaysareyIgsÁal;m:Um:g;cug eyIgGacKNna
kmøaMgkat;enAxagcugrbs;Ggát;BIsmIkarlMnwgedayGnuvtþeTAelIElVgnImYy².
\LÚvBicarNaFñwmdUcKña EtTRm C CaTRmkl; ¬rUbTI 12-6a¦. enAkñúgkrNIenHmanEtGgát;mYy
enARtg;tMN C dUcenHemKuNEbgEcksRmab;Ggát; CB enARtg;tMN C KW
4 E (60)
DFCB = =1
4 E (60)
emKuNEbgEckepSgeTot nigm:Um:g;bgáb;cugdUcKñanwgkarKNnaelIkmun. BYkvaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgCYr
edkTI1 nigTI2éntaragenAkñúgrUbTI 12-6b. CadMbUg eyIgnwg]bmafatMN B nigtMN C RtUv)anTb;.
eyIgcab;epþImedayRsaytMN C nigedaydak;m:Um:g; − 8000 N.m enARtg;tMNenaH. m:Um:g;TaMgmUlRtUv)an
EbgEckeTAkñúgGgát; CB edaysar (1)(− 8000)N .m = −8000 N .m . sBaØaRBYjenARtg;CYredkTI3bgðaj
fa (− 8000)N .m / 2 = −4000 N .m RtUv)anepÞreTAtMN B edaysareKGnuBaØat[tMN C viledayesrI.
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -420
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

\LÚvtMN C RtUv)anTb;eLIgvij. edaysareKRtUveFVI[m:Um:g;srubenARtg; C mantulüPaB eKdak;bnÞat;

enABIeRkamm:Um:g; − 8000 N.m . \LÚveyIgnwgBicarNam:Um:g;GtulüPaB − 12000 N.m enARtg; tMN B .
enATIenH edIm,I[manlMnwg eyIgRtUvGnuvtþm:Um:g; + 12000 N.m eTAelI B ehIytMNenHRtUv)anTb;y:ag
NaedIm,I[cMENkénm:Um:g;RtUv)anEbgEckeTA BA nig BC eBalKW (0.4)(12000) = 4800 N.m nig
(0.6)(12000) = 7200 N.m dUcbgðajenAkñúgCYredkTI4. ehIyeKRtUvcgcaMfa + 1 / 2 énm:Um:g;enHRtUv)an
epÞreTACBa¢aMg A nigTRmkl; C edaysartMN B vil. \LÚveKRtUvTb;tMN B eLIgvij. eyIgRtUvRsay
tMN C mþgeTot ehIym:Um:g;GtulüPaBenARtg;TRmkl;RtUv)anEbgEckdUckareFVIelIkmun. lT§plRtUv
)anbgðajenAkñúgCYredkTI5. eyIgRtUvTb; nigRsaytMN B nig C edIm,Ikat;bnßyTMhMm:Um:g;EdlRtUveFVI[
mantulüPaBrhUtdl;eKGacecalva)anebIeFobnwgm:Um:g;edIm. eKRtUvyl;BIdMeNIrkarénCMhannImYy²
BICYredkTI3 rhUtdl;CYredkTI14. edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g; lT§plcugeRkayRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgCYredk
TI15 EdleyIgeXIjfam:Um:g;cugeRkaybMeBjlkçxNÐlMnwgrbs;tMN.

RbesIrCagkarGnuvtþdMeNIrkarEbgEckm:Um:g;bnþbnÞab;KñaeTAelItMNnImYy² ¬dUcbgðajxagelI¦
eKk¾manlT§PaBkñúgkarGnuvtþeTAelItMNTaMgGs;kñúgeBldMNalKñapgEdr. karGnuvtþenHRtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgtaragénrUbTI 12-6c. enAkñúgkrNIenH eyIgcab;epþImedayTb;tMNTaMgGs; ehIybnÞab;mkEbg
Eckm:Um:g;bgáb;cugTaMgenARtg;tMN B nigtMN C nigeFVI[m:Um:g;enAtMNmantulüPaB ¬CYredkTI3¦.
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -421
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayRsaytMN B nigtMN C kñúgeBldMNalKña ¬tMN A RtUv)anbgáb;rhUt¦ bnÞab;mkm:Um:g;RtUv)anepÞr

eTAcugénElVgnImYy² ¬CYredkTI4¦. tMNRtUv)anTb;mþgeTot ehIym:Um:g;RtUv)anEbgEck nigeFVI[man
lMnwg ¬CYredkTI 5¦. karRsaytMNenHmþgeTotGnuBaØat[mankarepÞrm:Um:g; dUcbgðajenAkñúgCYr edkTI
6. edaykarKNnaCabnþbnÞab; eyIgTTYl)anlT§plcugeRkay ¬dUckarKNnaelIkmun¦ Edlbgðaj
enAkñúgCYredkTI 24. edayeFVIkareRbobeFob viFIenHpþl;nUvcemøIyrYmtUcyWtCagviFIelIkmun b:uEnþenAkñúg
krNICaeRcInviFIenHmanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarGnuvtþCag ehIysRmab;ehtuplEbbenHeyIgnwgeRbIvaenAkñúg
]TahrN_bnþbnÞab;. cugeRkayedayeRbIlT§plenAkñúgrUbTI 12-6b b¤ 12-6c, düaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;
ElVgFñwmnImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-6d.
eTaHbICa viFIenHBak;B½n§nwgCMhanCaeRcInedIm,ITTYl)anlT§plcugeRkay. viFIenHk¾TamTarnUvviFI
saRsþEdr edaysarvaRtUvkarkarGnuvtþnUves‘rIénCMhanEdlmanlkçN³nBVnþCaCagkaredaHRsaysMnMuén
smIkardUcenAkñúgviFI slope-deflection. b:uEnþ eKRtUvcMNaMfa dMeNIrkarCamUldæanénkarEbgEckm:Um:g;
GnuvtþdUcnwgdMeNIrkarénviFIbMlas;TIdéTeTotEdr. dMeNIrkarKwkarbegáItTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigbMlas;TI
edaykMNt;nUvbMlas;TImMud¾RtwmRtUvsRmab;tMN ¬lkçxNÐRtUvKña¦. b:uEnþ enATIenH lkçxNÐlMnwg niglkç-
xNÐRtUvKñarbs;mMurgVilenARtg;tMNRtUv)anbMeBjedaypÞal;edayeRbIdMeNIrkarEdleFVI[m:Um:g;mantulü-
PaBEdlcUlrYmCamYynwgTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigPaBdab ¬emKuNkRmaj¦. eKmanlT§PaBkñúgkar
sRmYlbnþeTotkñúgkareRbIR)as;karEbgEckm:Um:g;EdleyIgnwgelIkylmkerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐxag
mux.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

xageRkamCaCMhanEdlpþl;nUvviFITUeTAsRmab;kMNt;m:Um:g;cugenAelIElVgFñwmEdleRbIkarEbgEck
m:Um:g;.
emKuNEbgEck nigm:Um:g;bgáb;cug³ eKRtUvkMNt;emKuNkRmajsRmab;ElVgnImYy²enARtg;tMN.
edayeRbItémøTaMgenH eyIgGacKNnaemKuNEbgEckBI DF = K / ∑ K . cMNaMfa DF = 0 sRmab;cug
bgáb; ehIy DF = 1 sRmab;TRmsnøak; b¤TRmkl;.
eyIgkMNt;mU:m:g;bgáb;cugsRmab;ElVgEdlrgbnÞúknImYy²edayeRbItaragEdl[enAkñúgemeron
TI11. m:Um:g;bgáb;cugviC¢maneFVIGMeBIRsbTisRTnicnaLikavil ehIy FEM GviC¢maneFVIGMeBIRcasRTnic
naLika. edIm,IPaBgayRsYl eKGacerobcMtémøTaMgenHenAkñúgtaragEdlmanlkçN³dUctaragEdl
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-6c.
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -422
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNIrkarEbgEckm:Um:g;³ snμt;fatMNTaMgGs;EdleyIgRtUvkarkMNt;m:Um:g;enAkñúgElVgEdltP¢ab;RtUv
)anTb;. bnÞab;mk
!> kMNt;m:Um:g;EdleFVI[tMNnImYy²manlMnwg.
@> RsaytMN ehIyEbgEckm:Um:g;GtulüPaBeTA[ElVgEdltP¢ab;nwgtMNnImYy².
#> epÞrm:Um:g;enAkñúgElVgnImYy²eTAkan;cugnImYy²rbs;vaedayKuNm:Um:g;TaMgenaHedayemKuN
dMENl (carry-over moment) + 1/ 2 .
edaykarTb; nigkarRsaytMNsarcuHsareLIg eyIgeXIjfakarEktRmUvm:Um:g;RtUv)ankat;bnßy
edaysarFñwmGacQaneTArkrUbragdabcugeRkay. enAeBlEdleyIgTTYl)antémøsRmab;karEktRmUv
tUclμm eKRtUvbBaÄb;dMeNIrkarsarcuHsareLIgRtg;karepÞrm:Um:g;cugeRkayeK. eKRtUvbUkbBa©ÚlKñanUvtémø
FEM / m:Um:g;Edl)anBIkarEbgEck nigm:Um:g;Edl)anBIkarepÞrtamCYrQrnImYy². RbsinebIeyIgeFVIEbb

enH)anRtwmRtUv eyIgnwgTTYl)ansßanPaBlMnwgénm:Um:g;Rtg;tMNnImYy².

]TahrN_ 12-1³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-7a. EI Ca

cMnYnefr.

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -423

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³ dMbUg eKRtUvkMNt;emKuNEbgEckenARtg;tMNnImYy². emKuNkRmajsRmab;Ggát;KW *

4 EI 4 EI 4 EI
K AB = K BC = K CD =
12 12 8
dUcenH DFAB = DFDC = 0 DFBA = DFBC =
4 EI / 12
4 EI / 12 + 4 EI / 8
= 0.5
4 EI / 12 4 EI / 8
DFCB = = 0.4 DFCD = = 0.6
4 EI / 12 + 4 EI / 8 4 EI / 12 + 4 EI / 8
m:Um:g;bgáb;cugKW
wL2 20(12 )2
(FEM )BC =− =− = −240kN .m
12 12
2
20(12 )2
(FEM )CB = wL = = 240kN .m
12 12
− PL 250(8)
(FEM )CD = =− = −250kN .m
8 8
PL 250(8)
(FEM )DC = = = 250kN .m
8 8
edaycab;epþImCamYynwg FEM CYredkTI4 ¬rUbTI 12-7b¦ m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN B nig C RtUv)anEbgEck
kñúgeBlEtmYy ¬CYredkTI5¦. bnÞab;mk m:Um:g;TaMgenHRtUv)anepÞreTAcugénElVgerog²xøÜn ¬CYredkTI6¦.
m:Um:g;EdlTTYl)anRtUv)anEbgEck nigepÞrkñúgeBlEtmYymþgeTot ¬CYredkTI 7 nigTI8¦. dMeNIrkarRtUv
)anbnþrhUtdl;m:Um:g;RtUv)ankat;bnßyrhUtdl;TMhMmYysmrmü ¬CYredkTI 13¦. m:Um:g;EdlCalT§pl
RtUv)ankMNt;edayeFVIplbUk ¬CYredkTI14¦.
edaydak;m:Um:g;enAelIFñwmnImYy² nigedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeyIgTTYl)ankmøaMgkat;enAxagcug
ElVgdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-7c ehIydüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmTaMgmUlRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
12-7d.

]TahrN_ 12-2³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRmnImYy²rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-8a. m:Um:g;

niclPaBénElVgnImYy²RtUv)an.
dMeNaHRsay³ enAkñúgcMeNaTenH m:Um:g;minRtUv)anEbgEckenAkñúgElVgly AB eT dUcenHemKuNEbg
Eck (DF )BA = 0 . kRmajrbs;ElVg BC KWEp¥kelI 4EI / L edaysarTRmsnøak;minEmnsßitenAcugq¶ay
rbs;Fñwm. emKuNkRmaj emKuNEbgEck nigm:Um:g;bgáb;cugRtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam³
4 E (300 )(10 6 ) 4 E (240 )(10 6 )
K BC = = 300(10 6 )E K CD = = 320(10 6 )E
4 3

*
enATIenH eyIgeRbIemKuNkRmah 4EI / L b:uEnþeyIgk¾GaceRbIemKuNkRmajeFob I / L pgEdr.
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -424
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

DFBC = 1 − (DF )BA = 1 − 0 = 1

300 E
DFCB = = 0.484
300 E + 320 E
320 E
DFCD = = 0.516
300 E + 320 E
320 E
DFDC = =0
∞ + 320 E
edaysarFñwmenHCaFñwmly
(FEM )BA = 2000 N (2m) = 4000 N .m
(FEM ) = − wL = − 1500(4) = −2000 N .m
2 2
BC
12 12
2
1500(4 )2
(FEM )CB = wL = = 2000 N .m
12 12

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -425

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

témøTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgCYredkTI4rbs;taragkñúgrUbTI 12-8b. ElVgEdllyeFVI[ekItman

m:Um:g;Bt; − 4000 N.m enAxageqVg B . edIm,IeFVI[tMN B mantulüPaB eKRtUvmanm:Um:g;Bt; − 4000 N.m
manGMeBIenAxagsþaM B . dUcbgðajenAkñúgCYredkTI 5 eKRtUvbEnßm − 2000 N .m eTAelI BC edIm,IbMeBj
lkçxNÐ. dMeNIrkarénkarEbgEck nigkarepÞrm:Um:g;RtUv)anbnþtamrebobFmμtadUcbgðaj.
edaysareKsÁal;m:Um:g;Bt; eKGacsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-8c.

!@>#> karEktRmUvemKuNkRmaj (Stiffness-factor modification)

enAkñúg]TarhrN_énkarEbgEckm:Um:g;elIkmun eyIg)anBicarNaElVgénFñwmnImYy²manTRmbgáb;
¬tMNRtUv)anTb;¦ enAxagcugq¶ayrbs;vaenAeBl
EbgEck nigepÞrm:Um:g;. sRmab;ehtuplenH eyIg
)anKNnaemKuNkRmaj emKuNEbgEck nigem
KuNdMENledayQrenAelIkrNIdUcbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 12-9. Cak;Esþg enATIenHemKuNkRmajKW
K = 4 EI / L ¬smIkar 12-1¦ ehIyemKuNdMENlKW + 1 / 2 .

enAkñúgkrNIxøH eKmanlT§PaBEkERbemKuNkRmajrbs;ElVgFñwmBiess ehtudUcenHeKGac

sRmYldl;dMeNIrkarEbgEckm:Um:g;. eyIgnwgBicarNakrNIbIEdlekIteLIgjwkjab;enAkñúgkarGnuvtþ.

Ggát;EdlmanTRmsnøak;enAcugq¶ay³
FñwmminkMNt;xøHmanElVgxageRkAeKbMputRTedayTRmsnøak;dUcenA kñúgkrNIéntMN B enAkñúgrUbTI 12-
10a. enATIenH m:Um:g; M bgVilcug A )anθ . edIm,IkMNt; θ eKRtUv kMNt;kmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc A' én
Fñwmnimitþ ¬rUbTI 12-10b¦. eyIgman
1⎛M ⎞ ⎛2 ⎞
+ ∑ M B' = 0 V A ' ( L ) − ⎜ ⎟ L⎜ L ⎟ = 0
2 ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
ML
V A' = θ =
3EI
b¤ M =
3EI
L
θ

dUcenH emKuNkRmajsRmab;FñwmenHKW
3EI
K= (12-4)
L
cugq¶ayCaTRmsnøak; b¤TRmkl;
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -426
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ehIy eKRtUvcgcaMfaemKuNdMENlKWsUnü edaysarsnøak;enARtg; A' minTb;Tl;m:Um:g;eT. tamkar

eRbobeFob RbsinebIcugq¶ayCaTRmbgáb;eKRtUvEktRmUvemKuNkRmaj K = 4EI / L eday 3 / 4 edIm,I
[eTACakrNIEdlmancugq¶ayRTedayTRmsnøak;. RbsinebIeKKitkarEktRmUvenH dMeNIrkarénkar
EbgEckm:Um:g;RtUv)ansRmYledaysareKminRtUvkarTb; nigRsayvaCabnþbnÞab;enAeBlEbgEckm:Um:g;eT.
ehIyedaysarEtcugElVgRtUv)anRTedayTRmsnøak; eKkMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab;ElVgedayeRbItémø
enAkñúgCYrQrxagsþaMéntaragenAkñúgemeronTI11. ]TahrN_ 12-4 bgðajBIrebobGnuvtþkarsRmYl
enH.
FñwmsIuemRTIrgbnÞúksIuemRTI³ RbsinebIFñwmmanragsIuemRTI ehIyrgbnÞúksIuemRTI düaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;
sRmab;Fñwmk¾nwgmanlkçN³sIuemRTIEdr. CalT§pl eKGaceFVIkarEktRmUvemKuNkRmajsRmab;ElVg
kNþal dUcenHeKRtUvkarEbgEckm:Um:g;enAkñúgFñwmtamry³tMNEdlsßitenAelIFñwmEtBak;kNþal. edIm,I
EktRmUvemKuNkRmaj[)anRtwmRtUv eyIgnwgBicarNaFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-11a. edaysar
PaBsIuemRTI m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; B nig C RtUvEtesμIKña. edaysnμt;témøenHesμInwg M FñwmnimitþsRmab;ElVg
BC RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-11b. dUcenH mMurgVil θ enARtg;cugnImYy²KW
⎛ M ⎞ ⎛L⎞
+ ∑ M C' = 0 − V B ' ( L ) + ⎜ ⎟ L⎜ ⎟ = 0
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
ML
VB ' = θ =
2 EI
b¤ M =
2 EI
L
θ

dUcenH emKuNkRmajsRmab;ElVgkNþalKW
2 EI
K= (12-5)
L
FñwmsIuemRTI nigrgbnÞúksIuemRTI
dUcenH
eKGacEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;EtBak;kNþalFñwmRbsinebIeKKNnaemKuNkRmajsRmab;ElVgkNþal
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -427
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayeRbIsmIkar 12-5. tamkareRbobeFob emKuNkRmajkNþalElVgesμInwgBak;kNþalénemKuN

kRmajEdleRbI K = 4EI / L .

FñwmsIuemRTIrgbnÞúkGsIuemRTI³ RbsinebIFñwmmanragsIuemRTIrgbnÞúkGsIuemRTI eKnwgTTYl)andüaRkam

GsIuemRTI. dUcenAkñúgkrNIelIkmun eyIgGacEktRmUvemKuNkRmajrbs;ElVgkNþal dUcenHeyIgnwgKit
FñwmEtBak;kNþalsRmab;karviPaKedaykarEbgEckm:Um:g;. BicarNaFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 12-12a. Fñwm
nimitþsRmab;ElVgkNþal BC rbs;vaRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-12b. edaysarbnÞúkGsIuemRTI
m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; B nig C RtUvEtesμIKñaEtmanTispÞúyKña. snμt;fa témøenHesμInwg M enaHmMurgVilenARtg;
cugnImYy²KW³
1 ⎛ M ⎞⎛ L ⎞⎛ 5L ⎞ 1 ⎛ M ⎞⎛ L ⎞⎛ L ⎞
+ ∑ M C' = 0 − VB ' (L ) + ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 0
2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 6 ⎠ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 6 ⎠
ML
VB ' = θ =
6 EI
b¤ M =
6 EI
L
θ

dUcenH emKuNkRmajsRmab;ElVgkNþalesμInwg
6 EI
K= (12-6)
L
FñwmsIuemRTI nigrgbnÞúkGsIuemRTI
dUcenH enAeBleKKNnaemKuNkRmajsRmab;ElVgkNþaledayeRbIsmIkar 12-6 eKRtUvkarEbgEck
m:Um:g;enAkñúgEtBak;kNþalFñwmb:ueNÑaH. tamkareRbobeFob emKuNkRmajkNþalElVgesμInwgemKuN
kRmajEdleRbI K = 4EI / L mYydgknøH.

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -428

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 12-3³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRmsRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-13a.

EI CacMnYn efr.

dMeNaHRsay³ tamkarGegát Fñwm nigbnÞúkmanlkçN³sIuemRTI. dUcenH eyIgnwgGnuvtþ K = 2EI / L

edIm,IKNnaemKuNkRmajrbs;ElVgkNþal BC ehIyeyIgnwgviPaKEtkMNat;Bak;kNþalxageqVgrbs;
FñwmEtb:ueNÑaH. eKGackat;bnßykarviPaK[kat;EtxøIEfmeTotedayeRbI K = 3EI / L sRmab;karKNna
emKuNkRmajsRmab;kMNat;Ggát; AB edaysarcugq¶ay A CaTRmsnøak;. elIsBIenH eKGacrMlgkar
EbgEckm:Um:g;enARtg;cMNuc A edayeRbIm:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab;bnÞúkragRtIekaNmanGMeBIelIElVgEdlman
TRmmçagCaTRmsnøak; nigTRmmçageTotCaTMgbgáb;. dUcenH
K AB =
3EI
3
¬edayeRbIsmIkar 12-4¦
K BC =
2EI
4
¬edayeRbIsmIkar 12-5¦
3EI / 3
DFAB = =1
3EI / 3
3EI / 3
DFBA = = 0.667
3EI / 3 + 2 EI / 4
2 EI / 4
DFBC = = 0.333
3EI / 3 + 2 EI / 4
2
100(3)2
(FEM )BA = wL = = 60kN .m
15 15
2
100(4)2
(FEM )BC = − wL =− = −133.3kN .m
12 12

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -429

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

TIinñn½yTaMgenHRtUv)anerobcMenAkñúgtarageénrUbTI 12-13b. karKNnaemKuNkRmajdUcbgðajxagelI

BitCakat;bnßykarviPaKy:ageRcIn edaysarmanEttMN B EtmYybueNÑaHEdleKRtUvkareFVI[man lMnwg
ehIyeKminRtUvkarepÞrm:Um:g;eTAtMN A nigtMN C eT. eyIgeXIjfatMN C rgm:Um:g; 108.9kN .m dUc
tMN B Edr.

]TahrN_ 12-4³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRmsRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-14a. m:Um:g;

niclPaBrbs;ElVgTaMgBIrRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.

dMeNaHRsay³ edaysarFñwmRtUv)anRTedayTRmkl;enAcugq¶ay C kRmajrbs;ElVg BC RtUv)anKNna

edayQrelI K = 3EI / L . eyIg)an
K AB = =
( )
4 EI 4 E (120) 10 6
( )
= 160 10 6 E
L 3

K BC =
3EI 3E (240) 106
=
( ) ( )
= 180 106 E
L 4
dUcenH DFAB =
160 E
∞ + 160 E
=0

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -430

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
160 E
DFBA = = 0.4706
160 E + 180 E
180 E
DFBC = = 0.5294
160 E + 180 E
180 E
DFCB = =1
180 E
eKGacsRmYlviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;cMeNaTenHedayRtUvdwgfaeKGaceRbIm:Um:g;bgáb;cugeTalsRmab;
ElVg BC . edayeRbICYrxagsþaMéntaragénemeronTI11 sRmab;ElVgEdlrgbnÞúkrayesμImanTRmmçagCa
TRmbgáb; nigmçageTotCaTRmsnøak; enaHeyIg)an
wL2 6000(4 )2
(FEM )BC =− =− = −12000 N .m
8 8
Tinñn½yTaMgGs;RtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgtaragenAkñúgrUbTI 12-14b ehIykarEbgEckm:Um:g;RtUv)an
Gnuvtþ. edayeRbobeFobCamYynwgrUbTI 12-6b viFIenHBitCasRmYldl;karEbgEcky:agxøaMg.
edayeRbIlT§plEdlTTYl)an kmøaMgkat;xagcugrbs;Fñwm nigdüaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 12-14c.

!@>$> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagmineyal
(Moment distribution for frames: No sidesway)
karGnuvtþénviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagEdlmineyalmanlkçN³dUcnwgdMeNIrkarsRmab;
viPaKFñwm. edIm,Ikat;bnßy»kasénkMhusqÁg eKENnaM[eFVIkarviPaKedayeRbItaragdUcenAkñúg]TahrN_
elIkmun. ehIyeKGackat;bnßykarEbgEckm:Um:g; RbsinebIeKEktRmUvemKuNkRmajdUcbgðajenAkñúg
kfaxNÐmun.

]TahrN_ 12-5³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNéneRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-15a. eKmanTRm

snøak;enARtg; E nig D nigmanTRmbgáb;enARtg; A . EI CacMnYnefr.
dMeNaHRsay³ tamkarGegát snøak;enARtg; E nigkarBareRKagkMu[eyal. eKGacKNnaemKuN
kRmajrbs; CD nig CE edayeRbI K = 3EI / L edaysarcugq¶ayCaTRmsnøak;. ehIy bnÞúk 60kN min
)abbegáItm:Um:g;bgáb;cugeT edaysarvaGnuvtþenARtg;cMN B . dUcenH
4EI 4EI 3EI 3EI
K AB = K BC = K CD = K CE =
5 6 5 4
DFAB = 0
4 EI / 5
DFBA = = 0.545
4 EI / 5 + 4 EI / 6
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -431
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

DFBC = 1 − 0.545 = 0.455

4 EI / L
DFCB = = 0.330
4 EI / 6 + 3EI / 5 + 3EI / 4
3EI / 5
DFCD = = 0.298
4 EI / 6 + 3EI / 5 + 3EI / 4
DFCE = 1 − 0.33 − 0.298 = 0.372

DFDC = 1 DFEC = 1
2
− 45(6 )2
(FEM )BC = − wL = = −135kN .m
12 12
2
45(6)2
(FEM )CB = wL = = 135kN .m
12 12
Tinñn½yRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragénrUbTI 12-15b. enATIenH karEbgEckm:Um:g;RtUv)aneFVIbnþbnÞab;Et
eTAelItMN B nig C . m:Um:g;cugeRkayRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgCYredkcugeRkayeK.
edayeRbITinñn½yTaMgenH eyIgGacsg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-
15c.

!@>%> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKagEdleyal
(Moment distribution for frames: Sidesway)
BIkaxNÐ 11-5 eyIgeXIjehIyfaeRKagEdlmanlkçN³minsIuemRTI b¤eRKagEdlrgbnÞúkminsIu-
emRTInwgeyal. ]TahrN_énkrNIEbbenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-16a. enATIenH bnÞúkGnuvtþn_
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -432
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

P nwgbegáItm:Um:g;enARtg; B nig C minesμIKña dUcenHeRKagnwgmankMhUcRTg;RTay Δ eTAsþaM. edIm,IkMNt;

kMhUcRTg;RTayenH nigm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNedayeRbIkarEbgEckm:Um:g; eyIgnwgeRbIeKalkarN_tRmYt
pl. enAkñúgrUbTI 12-16b dMbUgeKKitfaeRKagRtUv)anTb;min[eyaledayGnuvtþtMNTRmnimitþenA
Rtg; C . eKGnuvtþkarEbgEckm:Um:g; ehIybnÞab;mkeKKNnakmøaMgTb; R edaysmIkarsþaTic. kmøaMg
Tb;EdlmanTMhMesμIKña EtTisedApÞúyKñaRtUv)anGnuvtþeTAelIeRKag ¬rUbTI 12-16c¦ ehIym:Um:g;enAkñúg
eRKagRtUv)anKNna. viFImYysRmab;edaHRsayCMhancugeRkayenHTamTarnUvkarsnμt;CadMbUgnUvtémøCa
elxsRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;mYy ¬ M 'BA ¦. edayeRbIkarEbgEckm:Um:g; nigsmIkarsþaTic eyIgGackMNt;kMhUc
RTg;RTay Δ' nigkmøaMgxageRkA R EdlRtUvnwgtémøsnμt; M 'BA . edaysarvaCakMhUcRTg;RTayeGLa-
sÞiclIenEG‘r enaHkmøaMg R' begáItm:Um:g;enAkñúgeRKagEdlsmamaRteTAnwgm:Um:g;EdlbegáIt[man R . Ca
]TahrN_ RbsinebIeKsÁal; M 'BA nig R' enaHm:Um:g;enARtg; B EdlbegáIteday R Ca M BA = M 'BA
(R / R') . karbEnßmm:Um:g;Rtg;tMNsRmab;krNITaMgBIr ¬rUbTI12-16b nig c¦ nwgeFVI[eKTTYl)an
m:Um:g;Cak;EsþgenAkñúgeRKag ¬rUbTI 12-16a¦. karGnuvtþénbec©keTsenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg]Ta-
hrN_ 12-6 dl; 12-8.

eRKageRcInCan;³ CaerOy² rcnasm<½n§EdlmaneRcInCan;nwgmanbMlas;TIÉkraCüeRcIn Cavi)akkarEbg

Eckm:Um:g;edayeRbIbec©keTsxagelInwgTamTarnUvkarKNnaeRcIn. ]TahrN_ BicarNaeRKagBIrCan;Edl
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-17a. rcnasm<½n§enHGacmanbMlas;TIÉkraCüBIr edaysarcm¶ayeyal Δ1
rbs;Can;TImYyÉkraCüBIbMlas;TI Δ 2 rbs;Can;TIBIr.
CaGkusl bMlas;TITaMgenHminRtUv)andwgenAdMNak;kaldMbUg dUcenHkarviPaKRtUveFVIeLIgeday
QrelIeKalkarN_tRmYtplEdlmanlkçN³dUcKñanwgkarENnaMxagelI. enAkñúgkrNIenH eKRtUvGnuvtþ
kmøaMgTb;BIrKW R1 nig R2 ¬rUbTI 12-17b¦ ehIym:Um:g;bgáb;cugRtUv)anKNna nigEbgEck. edayeRbI
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -433
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

smIkarlMnwg eKGackMNt;témøCaelxrbs; R1 nig R2 . bnÞab;mk eKRtUvRsaykarTb;enARtg;kRmal

énCan;TImYy ehIykRmalenaHRtUv)andak;[manbMlas;TI Δ' . bMlas;TIenHeFVI[manm:Um:g;bgáb;cugenA
kñμúgeRKagEdleKGackMNt;Catémøelx. edayEbgEckm:Um:g;enH nigedayeRbIsmIkarlMnwg eKGackMNt;
témøCaelxén R'1 nig R'2 . tamrebobdUcKña kRmalénCan;TIBIrRtUv)an[manbMlas;TI Δ' ' ¬rUbTI 12-
17d¦. edaysnμt;témøCaelxsRmab;m:Um:g;bgáb;cug karEbgEckm:Um:g; nigsmIkarlMnwgnwgpþl;nUvtémø
R"1 nig R"2 . edaysarCMhancugeRkayTaMgBIr ¬rUbTI 12-17c nig d¦ GaRs½ynwgtémøsnμt;én

m:Um:g;bgáb;cug eKRtUvGnuvtþemKuNEktRmUv (correction factor) C ' nig C" eTAelIm:Um:g;EdlEbgEck.

eyagtamkmøaMgTb;enAkñúgrUbTI 12-17c nig 12-17d eyIgRtUvkarGnuvtþkmøaMg R1 nig R2 Edlman
TMhMesμIKñaEtTisedApÞúyKñaeTAelIeRKag Edl
R2 = −C ' R'2 +C" R"2

R1 = +C ' R'1 −C" R"1

dMeNaHRsayénRbB½n§smIkarenH[nUvtémøén C ' nig C" . bnÞab;mkeKRtUvKuNemKuNTaMgenHCamYy
nwgm:Um:g;Bt;Rtg;tMNEdlkMNt;BIkarEbgEckm:Um:g;enAkñúgrUbTI 12-17c nig 12-17d. bnÞab;mkeK
kMNt;m:Um:g;ersIusþg;edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;EktRmUvCamYynwgm:Um:g;EdlTTYl)anenAkñúgrUbTI 12-17b.
eKGacviPaKeRKagRbePTepSgeTotEdlmanbMlas;TIÉkraCüedayeRbIdMeNIkardUcKña b:uEnþeKRtUv
dwgfaviFIxagelIEdlmanerobrab;RtUvkarkarKNnay:ageRcIn. EteTaHCay:agNak¾eday eK)anbegáIt
bec©keTsxøHedIm,Ikat;bnßykarKNna ¬CakarRbesIreKKYredaHRsaycMeNaTRbePTenHedayeRbIkMuBüÚ-
T½r¦ CaTUeTAedayeRbIkarviPaKedaym:aRTIs. bec©keTssRmab;karviPaKEbbenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg
emeronTI 16.

]TahrN_ 12-6³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNéneRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18a. EI CacMnYn

efr.
dMeNaHRsay³ dMbUgeyIgKitfaeRKagRtUv)anTb;min[eyaldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18b. eyIgman
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -434
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

16(4)2 (1)
(FEM )BC =− = −10.24kN .m
(5)2
(FEM )CB = 16(1) 2(4) = 2.56kN .m
2

(5)
emKuNkRmajrbs;ElVgnImYy²RtUv)anKNnaedayQrelI 4EI / L b¤edayeRbIemKuNkRmajeFob
I / L . emKuNEbgEck nigkarEbgEckm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarageénrUbTI 12-18d. edayeRbI

lT§plTaMgenH eKGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeTAelIdüaRkamGgÁesrIénssredIm,IkMNt; Ax nig Dx ¬rUbTI 12-

18e¦. BIdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKagTaMgmUl ¬minRtUv)anbgðaj¦ kmøaMgTb; R enAkñúgrUbTI 12-18
manTMhM
∑ Fx = 0 R = 1.73kN − 0.81kN = 0.92kN
eKRtUvGnuvtþkmøaMgEdlmanTMhMesμIKña EtTisedApÞúyKñanwg R = 0.92kN eTAelIeRKagRtg;tMN C ehIy
KNnam:Um:g;Bt; ¬rUbTI 12-18c¦. edIm,IedaHRsaycMeNaTEdlKNnam:Um:g;TaMgenH ¬eyIgnwgsnμt;
kmøaMg R' GnuvtþenARtg; C ¦ EdleFVI[eRKagmanbMlas;TI Δ' dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18f. enATIenH
tMNenARtg; B nig C RtUv)anTb;CabeNþaHGasnñBIkarvil ehIyCalT§plm:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg;cugrbs;
ssrRtUv)anKNnaBIrUbmnþsRmab;bMlas;TIEdlmankñúgemeronTI 10 Edl
6 EIΔ
M =
L2
edaysar TaMg B nig C pøas;TI)an Δ' dUcKña ehIy AB nig DC man E / I nig L dUcKña m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenA
kñúg AB ehIymanm:Um:g;bgáb;cugdUcKñaenAkñúg DC . dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18f eyIgnwgsnμt;m:Um:g;
bgáb;cugNamYyesμInwg
(FEM ) AB = (FEM )BA = (FEM )CD = (FEM )DC = −100kN .m
eKcaM)ac;eRbIsBaØaGviC¢man edaysarm:Um:g;RtUveFVIGMeBIRcasRTnicnaLikaeTAelIssr edayeFIV[ssr
manbMlas;TI Δ' eTAsþaM. \LÚveKGackMNt;témø R' EdlrYmCamYynwgm:Um:g; − 100kN .m . karEbgEcg
m:Um:g;rbs;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18g. BIsmIkarlMnwg eKGacKNnakmøaMg
RbtikmμtamTisedkenARtg; A nig D ¬rUbTI 12-18h¦. dUcenH sRmab;;eRKagTaMgmUl eyIgtRmUv[
∑ Fx = 0 R' = 28 + 28 = 56.0kN
dUcenH R'= 56.0kN begáItm:Um:g;EdlmanenAkñúgtaragénrUbTI 12-18g. eKGackMNt;m:Um:g;EdlbegáIt
eLIgeday R = 0.92kN smamaRt. dUcenH m:Um:g;ers‘ultg;enAkñúgeRKag ¬rUbTI 12-18a¦ esμInwgpl
bUkénm:Um:g;Edl)anKNnasRmab;eRKagenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18b CamYynwgbrimaNsmamaRténm:Um:g;
sRmab;eRKagenAkñúgrUbTI 12-18c. eyIgman
Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -435
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

M AB = 2.88 +
0.92
(− 80) = 1.57kN .m
56.0
M BA = 5.78 +
0.92
(− 60) = 4.79kN .m
56.0
M BC = −5.78 +
0.92
(60) = −4.79kN .m
56.0
M CB = 2.72 +
0.92
(60) = 3.71kN .m
56.0
M CD = −2.72 +
0.92
(− 60) = −3.71kN .m
56.0
M DC = −1.32 +
0.92
(− 80) = −2.63kN .m
56.0

]TahrN_ 12-7³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19a.

m:Um:g;niclPaBénGgát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -436
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³ dMbUgeRKagRtUv)anTb;min[eyaldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19b. m:Um:g;niclPaB

RtUv)anKNnaenARtg;tMNdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19d. enATIenH eKKNnaemKuNkRmajrbs; CD
edayeRbI 3EI / L edaysarvamanTRmsnøak;enARtg; D . karKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedkenARtg; A
nig D RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19e. dUcenH sRmab;eRKagTaMgmUl
∑ Fx = 0 R = 5.784 − 2 = 3.78kN
eKGnuvtþkmøaMgEdlmanTispÞúyKñaeTAelIeRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19c. dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_
elIkmun eyIgnwgBicarNakmøaMg R' EdlmanGMeBIdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19f. CalT§pl tMN B nig
C pøas;TI)an Δ' dUcKña. eyIgKNnam:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab; BA BI

(FEM ) = (FEM ) = − 6 EIΔ = − 6 E (1000)(10 )Δ'

6
AB BA
L2 (5)2
b:uEnþ BItaragenAkñúgemeronTI11 sRmab; CD eyIgman
(FEM ) = − 3EIΔ = − 3E (1250)(10 )Δ'
6
CD
L2 (5)2

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -437

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edaysnμt;fam:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab; AB KW − 100kN.m dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19f enaHeKkMNt;m:Um:g;

bgáb;cugenARtg; C EdleFVI[manbMlas;TI Δ' dUcKña edaykareRbobeFob eBalKW
(− 100 )(5)2 (FEM )CD (7.5)2
Δ' = − =−
6 E (1000)(10 6 ) 3E (1250)(10 6 )
(FEM )CD = −27.78kN .m
karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajkñúgtaragénrUbTI 12-19g. karKNna
kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A nig D RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-19h. dUcenH sRmab;eRKagTaMgmUl
∑ Fx = 0 R ' = 21.98 + 3.11 = 25.1kN
dUcenH m:Um:g;ers‘ultg;enAkñúgeRKagKW
⎛ 3.78 ⎞
M AB = 9.58 + ⎜ ⎟(− 69.91) = −0.948kN .m
⎝ 25.1 ⎠
⎛ 3.78 ⎞
M BA = 19.34 + ⎜ ⎟(− 40.01) = −13.3kN .m
⎝ 25.1 ⎠
⎛ 3.78 ⎞
M BC = −19.34 + ⎜ ⎟(40.01) = 13.3kN .m
⎝ 25.1 ⎠
⎛ 3.78 ⎞
M CB = 15.00 + ⎜ ⎟(23.31) = 18.5kN .m
⎝ 25.1 ⎠
⎛ 3.78 ⎞
M CD = −15.00 + ⎜ ⎟(− 23.31) = −18.5kN .m
⎝ 25.1 ⎠

]TahrN_ 12-8³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-20a.

EI CacMnYnefr.
dMeNaHRsay³ dMbUg kareyalRtUv)ankarBaredaykmøaMgTb; R ¬rUbTI 12-20b¦. m:Um:g;bgáb;cug
sRmab;Ggát; BC KW
(FEM )BC = − 16(5) = −10kN .m (FEM )CB = 16(5) = 10kN .m
8 8
edaysarGgát; AB nig DC manTRmsnøak; emKuNkRmajRtUv)anKNnaedayeRbI 3EI / L . karEbg
Eckm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-20d.
edaylT§plTaMgenH eKkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedkenARtg; A nig D edayeRbIsmIkar
lMnwgénGgát;nImYy² ¬rUbTI 12-20e¦. edayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc B nig C enAelIeCIgnImYy²
eyIg)an³
+ ∑MB = 0 − 5.97 + Ax (4 ) − 8(3) = 0 Ax = 7.49kN

+ ∑ MC = 0 5.97 − D x (4 ) + 8(3) = 0 D x = 7.49kN

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -438

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dUcenH sRmab;eRKagTaMgmUl
∑ Fx = 0 R = 7.49 − 7.49 + 40 = 40kN
\LÚveyIgGnuvtþkmøaMgpÞúynwg R eTAelIeRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-20c. edIm,IKNnam:Um:g;
Bt;EdlbegáIteLIgeday R CadMbUgeyIgRtUvBicarNakmøaMg R EdlmanGMeBIdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 12-
20f. enATIenHbnÞat;dac;²minEmnCarUbragxUcRTg;RTayrbs;Ggát;eRKageT vaRtUv)ansg;CabnÞat;Rtg;
EdlbnøayeTATItaMgcugeRkayrbs; B' nig C ' rbs;tMN B nig C erogKña. edaysarPaBsIuemRTIrbs;
eRKag bMlas;TI BB' = CC ' = Δ' . elIsBIenH bMlas;TITaMgenHeFVI[ BC vil. cm¶aytamTisQr rvag B'

Displacement method of analysis: Moment distribution T.Chhay -439

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

nig C ' KW1.2Δ' dUcbgðajenAelIdüaRkambMlas;TI ¬rUbTI 12-20g¦. edaysartMNcugrbs; Ggát;nImYy²

rgbMlas;TIEdleFVI[Ggát;vil m:Um:g;bgáb;cugRtUvekItmanenAkñúgGgát;. eKman (FEM ) = (FEM ) =
BA CD

− 3EIΔ' / (5) / (FEM )BC = (FEM )CB = 6 EI (1.2Δ') / (5)2 .

2

cMNaMfa sRmab; BA nig CD m:Um:g;mantémøGviC¢man edaysarkarvilRsbTisRTnicnaLikarbs;

Ggát;eFVI[m:Um:g;bgáb;cugvilRcasRTnicnaLika.
RbsinebI eyIgsnμt;témørbs; (FEM )BA = (FEM )CD = −100kN.m ehIydak;[esμI Δ' enAkñúg
rUbmnþxagelIeyIgnwgTTYl)an (FEM )BC = (FEM )CB = 240kN.m . eKdak;m:Um:g;TaMgenH[manGMeBI
elIeRKag nigeFVIkarEbgEckva ¬rUbTI 12-20h¦. edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH smIkarlMnwgRtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 12-20i. sRmab;eCIgnImYy² eyIgman
+ ∑MB = 0 − A' x (4) + 58.72(3) + 146.80 = 0 A' x = 80.74kN

+ ∑ MC = 0 − D' x (4) + 58.72(3) + 146.80 = 0 D' x = 80.74kN

dUcenH sRmab;eRKagTaMgmUl
∑ Fx = 0 R ' = 80.74 + 80.74 = 161.48kN
dUcenH m:Um:g;ers‘ultg;enAkñúgeRKagKW
⎛ 40 ⎞
M BA = 5.97 + ⎜ ⎟(− 146.80) = −30.4kN .m
⎝ 161.48 ⎠
⎛ 40 ⎞
M BC = −5.97 + ⎜ ⎟(146.80) = 30.4kN .m
⎝ 161.48 ⎠
⎛ 40 ⎞
M CB = 5.97 + ⎜ ⎟(146.80) = 42.3kN .m
⎝ 161.48 ⎠
⎛ 40 ⎞
M CD = −5.97 + ⎜ ⎟(− 146.80) = −42.3kN .m
⎝ 161.48 ⎠

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -440

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
!@>! kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; A / B nig C bnÞab;mk faTRmRtg; B CaTRmkl; ehIyenARtg; A nig C
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. m:Um:g;niclPaB CaTRmbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr.
rbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. snμt;
faTRmRtg; B CaTRmkl; ehIyenARtg; A
nig C CaTRm bgáb;. E = 200GPa .
!@>% kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; A / B nig C bnÞab;mk
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt; faTRmRtg;
A nig C CaTRmbgáb; ehIyenARtg; B CaTRm

kl;. EI CacMnYnefr.
!@>@ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; A / B nig C bnÞab;mk
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt; faTRm A
nig C CaTRmbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr.
!@>^ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; A / B nig C bnÞab;mk
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt; faTRmRtg;
A nig C CaTRmkl; ehIyenARtg; B CaTRm
!@># kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg; B bnÞab;mk snøak;. bnÞúkBRgaysßitenAelIkRmalEdlTRm
sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; faTRm C CaTRm samBaØEdlbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkeTAFñwmkRmal. EI Ca
snøak;. kMNat;Ggát; AB manm:Um:g;niclPaB cMnYnefr.
I AB = 0.75I BC . EI CacMnYnefr.

!@>$ kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; A / B nig C bnÞab;mk !@>& kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg; B bnÞab;mk

sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm. snμt; faTRm A Ca

Problems T.Chhay -441

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

TRmsnøak; ehIyTRm B CaTRmkl; nigTRm C !@>!! kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; B bnÞab;mksg;

CaTRmbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr. düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag.
snμt; faTRm A CaTRmsnøak; ehIyTRm C Ca
TRmbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr.

!@>* kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg; A nig B

bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; faTRm A Ca
TRmbgáb; ehIyTRm B CaTRmkl; nigTRm C
CaTRmsnøak;.

!@>( r)arRtUv)antP¢ab;edaytMNsnøak;Edl !@>!@ kMNt;m:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cugrbs;

bgðajedaycMNuc. RbsinebIeKecalkmøaMgEkg Ggát;nImYy² bnÞab;mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt;
enAkñúgr)ar cUrkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisQrenA faTRm A nig D CaTRmsnøak; ehIyTRm B Ca
Rtg;snøak;nImYy². EI CacMnYnefr. tMNbgáb; nigTRm C CaTRmbgáb;.
E = 200GPa / I ABC = 280(10 6 )mm 4

ehIy I BD = 440(106 )mm 4 .

!@>!0 kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmRtg;TRm bnÞab;

mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt;fa A nig D Ca
TRmbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr.

!@>!# kMNt;m:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;tMN
nImYy². snμt; A / D nig E CaTRmsnøak; ehIy
B nig C CatMNbgáb;. m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;Ggát;

nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. E = 200GPa .
karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -442
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!@>!$ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; A / C nig D bnÞab;

mksg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs; !@>!& kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cug
eRKag. TRm A nigtMN C nig D CatMNbgáb;. rbs;Ggát;nImYy². snμt;faTRmenARtg; A
EI CacMnYnefr. nig D CaTRmbgáb;. m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;Ggát;
nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb.
EI = 200GPa .

!@>!% kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; B bnÞab;mksg;

düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag.
TRm A CaTRmsnøak;. EI CacMnYn efr. !@>!* kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; B nig C bnÞab;mksg;
düaRkamm:Um:g;. snμt; A nig D CaTRmsnøak;
ehIy B nig C CatMNbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr.

!@>!^ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cug
rbs;Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. EI CacMnYnefr.

Problems T.Chhay -443

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!@>!( kMNt;m:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cugrbs; !@>@! kMNt;bgÁúMkmøaMgRbtikmμtamTisedk nig

Ggát;nImYy². snμt;tMNCatMNbgáb; ehIy A tamTisQrenARtg;TRmsnøak; A nig D . EI
nig D CaTRmbgáb;. EI CacMnYnefr. CacMnYnefr.

!@>@0 kMNt;m:Um:g;EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;TRmbgáb;
A nig D rbs;eRKag. EI CacMnYnefr.

karviPaKtamviFIbMlas;TI³ karEbgEckm:Um:g; T.Chhay -444

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!#> Fñwm nigeRKagEdlmanGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl

Beams and frames having nonprismatic members

enAkñúgemeronenH eyIgnwgGnuvtþviFI slop-deflection nigviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;edIm,IviPaKFñwm nig

eRKagEdlpSMedayGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl. dMbUg eyIgnwgerobrab;BIrebobedIm,ITTYl)anemKuN
dMENlemKuNkRmaj nigm:Um:g;bgáb;cugedayeRbIbec©keTsCaelxTUeTAEdlEp¥kelIviFIFñwmnimitþ. kar
viPaKEdlerobrab;enAkñúgemeronenHTak;TgnwgkareRbIR)as;taragtémøEdlpSBVpSayenAkñúgRBwtþib½Rt
bec©keTs. cugeRkay eyIgnwgerobrab;BIviFIviPaKrcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTicedayeRbIviFI slope-
deflection nigviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;.

!#>!> PaBdabrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl (Deflection of nonprismatic members)

CaerOy² edIm,IsnSMsMécsmÖar³ rtEdl
eKeRbIsRmab;s<an nigGaKarEdlmanElVgEvg²
RtUv)an eKDIsajCaGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERb
RbYl eBalKWvamanm:Um:g;niclPaBERbRbYl.
TRmg;TUeTArbs;rcnasm½<n§EdlGgát;manmuxkat;
ERbRbYlman haunch EdlGacCa stepped,
tapered b¤)a:ra:bUl ¬rUbTI 13-1¦. eyIgGac

eRbIeKalkarN_kmμnþnimitþ b¤RTwsþIkasÞIKøIy:aNUEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúgemeronTI9 edIm,IKNnaPaBdab

rbs;va. smIkarenaHKW
Δ=∫
l Mm
0 EI
dx b¤ Δ = ∫0l ∂∂MP EIm dx
sRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl kareFVIGaMgetRkalTamTar[sresr I CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgRbEvg
kUGredaen x . dUcenH ragFrNImaRt nigkardak;bnÞúkrbs;Ggát;TamTarnUvkareFVIGaMgetRkalEdlminGac
Gnuvtþ)ansRmab;TRmg;biTCit. enAkñúgkrNIenH eKcaM)ac;RtUveRbIc,ab;sIumsan; (Simpson’s rule) Edl
eRbIbec©keTsCaelxedIm,I edaHRsayGaMgetRkalenH. eKk¾GaceRbIbec©keTsFrNImaRtdUcCaRTwsþIbT
RkLaépÞm:Um:g; b¤viFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IKNnaPaBdabRbhak;RbEhlrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl.
]TahrN_xageRkaybgðajBIrebobeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ.

Problems T.Chhay -445

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 13-1³ eRbIviFIFñwmnimitþedIm,IkMNt;PaBdab;Rbhak;RbEhlRtg;cug A rbs;Fñwm tapered

EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-2a. snμt;faFñwmmankRmas; 250mm nig E = 28GPa .

dMeNaHRsay³ eKkat;FñwmenHCakMNat;²EdlmanRbEvg 500mm ehIyeyIgnwgbg;elx[kMNat;enH

dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-2a. düaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-2b. edayeRbI I =
bh 3 / 12 eKKNnam:Um:g;niclPaBral;cenøaH 500mm ehIybgðajvaenAkñúgrUbTI 13-2c. BITinñn½yenH

düaRkam M / EI RtUv)ankMNt; nigbgðajenAelIFñwmnimitþenAkñúgrUbTI 13-2d. eyIgRtUvkarkMNt; Δ A

= M A' . edIm,IKNnava eKsnμt; ¬edayRbhak;RbEhl¦ bnÞúkRtUv)anpSMedayRkLaépÞRtIekaNcMnYnR)aM

BIrEdlbgðajedayExSdac;². edIm,IsRmYldl;karKNna eyIgeXIjfaeKmanRtIekaNbIKU EdlKUnImYy²

man)atbBaÄrrYm ehIykm<s;edkmanRbEvg 500mm esμIKña. TItaMgTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;KUTaMgenH nigrbs;RtI-
ekaNEdlenAxagsþaMeKbMputRtUv)anbgðajedaycMNucexμA. dUcenH
1 ⎛ 157.3(10 3 )⎞⎟
(1)(0.5) + 1 ⎜ 182.0(10 )⎟(1)(1)
⎛ 3 ⎞
∑ M A' = 0 Δ A = M A' = ⎜
2 ⎜⎝ E ⎟
⎠ 2 ⎜⎝ E ⎟
⎠

+ ⎜
( )⎞⎟(1)(1.5) + 1 ⎛⎜ 153.6(10 )⎞⎟(0.5)(1.833)
1 ⎛ 171.9 10 3 3

2 ⎜⎝ E ⎟
⎠ 2 ⎜⎝ E ⎟
⎠

=
( )
329.6 10 3
E
edayCMnYs E = 28(106 )kN / m 2 eyIgman
Δ A = 11.77(10 −3 )m = 11.77 mm

cMeNaT T.Chhay -446

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
!#>@> lkçN³énkardak;bnÞúkrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYledayeRbIviFIFñwmnimitþ
(Loading properties of nonprismatic members using the conjugate-beam method)
karviPaKFñwmnimitþCaviFItémøCaelxEdlGaceRbIedIm,IKNnam:Um:g;bgáb;cug nigemKuNkRmaj nig
emKuNdMENlsRmab;Ggát;Edlmanm:Um:g;niclPaBERbRbYl. eTaHbICaeKRtUvkarkargareRcInk¾eday k¾
karbgðajviFIenATIenHGac[eyIgyl;BIrebobedIm,ITTYl)antémøCaelxsRmab;lkçN³bnÞúkénGgát;Edl
minmanbgðajenAkñúgRBwtþib½Rtbec©keTs.
]TahrN_CaelxcMnYnBIrRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IbgðajviFIenH. eyIgnwgrMlwkBIniymn½ydUcxageRkam³
m:Um:g;bgáb;cug (Fixed-end moment FEM)³ m:Um:g;Rbtikmμcugrbs;FñwmEdlRtUv)ansnμt;faman
TRmbgáb; ¬rUbTI 13-3a¦.
emKuNkRmaj (Stiffness factor K)³ m:Um:g;EdleKRtUvGnuvtþenARtg;cugFñwmedIm,I[vavil)an
θ = 1rad . enATIenH eKGnuvtþm:Um:g;enARtg;TRmsnøak;rbs;Fñwm cMENkÉcugmçageTotRtUv)ansnμt;faCa
TRmbgáb; ¬rUbTI 13-3b ¦. *

emKuNdMENl (Carry-over factor COF)³ CacMENk (C) rbs;m:Um:g;EdlRtUv)anepÞrBIcugTRm

snøak;rbs;FñwmeTACBa¢aMg ¬rUbTI 13-3c¦.
eKGacRtYtBinitükarKNnasRmab;emKuNkRmaj nigemdMENledaykt;sMKal;nUvTMnak;TMng
rvagva. cMeBaHbBaðaenH eKmanFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 13-4 EdlrgbnÞúk nigPaBdabdUcbgðaj. karGnuvtþ
RTwsþIersIuRbUkm:akSEvlebFITamTarnUvkmμnþEdleFVIedaybnÞúkenAkñúgrUbTI 13-4a EdleFVIGMeBItamPaB
*
mMu θ = 1rad (57.3o ) minRtUv)ansg;[RtUvtammaRtdæanrbs;FñwmeT.
Problems T.Chhay -447
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dabenAkñúgrUbTI 13-4b esμInwgkmμnþénbnÞúkenAkñúgrUbTI 13-4b EdleFVIGMeBItambMlas;TIenAkñúgrUbTI

13-4a eBalKW
U AB = U BA

K A (0 ) + C AB K A (1) = C BA K B (1) + K B (0 )
b¤ C AB K A = C BA K B (13-1)

dUcenH enAeBlKNnaehIy emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlRtUvEtbMeBjsmIkar 13-1.

]TahrN_ 13-2³ kMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugsRmab;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-5a. muxkat;manTTwg

300mm efr. E Catémøefr.
dMeNaHRsay³ edaysarTRmFñwmBitenARtg; A nig B CaTRmbgáb; enaHFñwmnimitþRtUvTMenrenARtg;cug A' nig
B ' rbs;va. düaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)anbgðajedayEpñk edayeRbIviFItRmYtplEdlerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 4-5.

EpñkEdlbgðajenAxagsþaMenAkñúgrUbTI13-5b rhUtdl;rUbTI 13-5d bgðajBIdüaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;FñwmTRm

samBaØEdlrgbnÞúkcMcMNuc 9kN nigm:Um:g;cug M A nig M B . sRmab;ElVg AC / I AC = (0.3)(0.6)3 /12
= 5.4(10 −3 )m 4 ehIysRmab;ElVg CB / I CB = (0.3)(0.3)3 / 12 = 0.675(10 −3 )m 4 . edayeRbItémøTaMg

enH düaRkam ¬bnÞúk¦ M / EI enAelIFñwmnimitþRtUv)anbgðajenAxageqVgenAkñúgrUbTI 13-5b rhUtdl;

13-5d. kmøaMgers‘ultg;EdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúkBRgayRtUv)anKNna
ehIyk¾RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUb. edaysarmMurgVil nigPaBdabenARtg;cug A ¬b¤ B ¦ rbs;FñwmBitesμIsUnü
eyIgTamTar[
1687.5 4500 187.5M A 125M A 166.67 M A 187.5M B
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 + − − − −
E E E E E E
1000M B 166.67 M B
− − =0
E E
6187.5 − 479.17 M A − 1354.17 M B = 0 (1)

cMeNaT T.Chhay -448

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
+ ∑ M A' = 0
1687.5
(1.8) + 4500 (3) − 187.5M A (0.9) − 125M A (1.35) − 166.67 M A (3)
E E E E E
−
187.5M B
(1.8) − 1000M B
(3.15) − 166.67 M B
(3.3) = 0
E E E
− 16537.5 + 837.5M A + 4037.5M B = 0 (2)
edayedaHRsaysmIkar (1) nig(2) eyIg)an
M A = (FEM ) AB = 3.25kN .m

M B = (FEM )BA = 3.42kN .m

Problems T.Chhay -449

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 13-3³ kMNt;emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;cug A énFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

13-6a. muxkat;manTTwg 300mm efr. yk E = 69GPa .

dMeNaHRsay³ eKkMNt;emKuNkRmajedaydak;snøak; ¬TRmkl;¦ enARtg;cug A rbs;Fñwm nigkMNt;

m:Um:g; M A EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVI[Fñwmvil)anθ A = 1rad ¬rUbTI 13-6b¦. C AB én M A EdlcaM)ac;
sRmab;Tb;Fñwm[manlMnwgRtg; B CaemKuNdMENlBI A eTA B .
FñwmnimitþsRmab;FñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 13-6b RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-6c. eKykTinñn½yenA
elIdüaRkamBIrUbTI 13-5c nig 13-5d edaysarvargbnÞúkdUcKña. edaysareKRtUvkarmMurgVil
θ A = 1rad kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg; A' KW V A' = 1 dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-6c. dUcenH
MA M M C M C M
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − 1 + 187.5 + 125 A + 166.67 A − 187.5 AB A − 100 AB A
E E E E E
C AB M A
− 166.67 =0
E
M C M
− 1 + 479.17 A − 1354.17 AB A = 0 (1)
E E
edaysarPaBdabenARtg; A RtUvEtesμIsUnü eyIgTamTar[
+ ∑ M A' = 0
MA
− 187.5 (0.9) − 125 M A (1.35) − 166.67 M A (3) + 187.5 C AB M A (1.8)
E E E E
+ 1000 AB A (3.15) + 166.67 AB A (3.3) = 0
C M C M
E E
edayTaj M A / E Caktþa nigedaHRsayrkemKuNdMENl C AB eyIg)an

cMeNaT T.Chhay -450

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
− 837.5 + 4037.5C AB = 0 C AB = 0.207
edayCMnYseTAkñúgsmIkar (1) nigCMnYs E = 69(106 )kN / m 2 eyIgTTYl)an
M A = K A = 348(10 3 )kN .m

]TahrN_ 13-4³ kMNt;emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;cug A énFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

13-7a. muxkat;manTTwg 1m efr. yk E CacMnYnefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
FñwmRtUv)ankat;CakMNat;²EdlmanRbEvg 2m . kMNat;Ggát;RtUv)anbg;elxdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-
7a. düaRkamm:Um:g;RtUv)ansg;CaEpñkedaysar M A nig C AB M A ehIytémørbs; M A nig C AB M A
RtUv)anKNna ¬rUbTI 13-7b¦. m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;FñwmRtUv)anKNnaBI bh3 /12 ehIytémørbs;vaRtUv
)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-7c. edayeRbItémøTaMgenH Fñwmnimitþ nigbnÞúk (M / EI ) RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg
rUbTI 13-7d. karKNnaemKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlTamTarnUvkareFVIplbUkkmøaMgtamTisQr
nigm:Um:g;Rtg;cMNuc A' . edIm,ICakarsRmYl bnÞúkBRgayRtUvbMEbkCaRtIekaNdUcbgðajedaybnÞat;dac;
eRTt.
BIrUbenH eKRtUvcMNaMfaKURtIekaNman)attamTisQrrYm ehIykm<s;tamTisedk 2m . TIRbCMuTm¶n;énKU
RtIekaNenHRtUv)anbgðajedaycMNucexμAenAkñúgrUb. karKNnaRkLaépÞ ¬kmøaMg¦ nigm:Um:g;RtUverobcMenA
kñúgtaragénrUbTI 13-7e. edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH nigedayGnuvtþsmIkarlMnwgeTAelIFñwmnimitþ eyIg
)an

Problems T.Chhay -451

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

MA ⎛C M ⎞
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0 − 1 + 84.94 − 48.42⎜ AB A ⎟ = 0
E ⎝ E ⎠
M ⎛C M ⎞
+ ∑ M A' = 0 383.20 A − 398.56⎜ AB A ⎟ = 0
E ⎝ E ⎠
edayedaHRsaysmIkarTaMgenH eyIg)an
C AB = 0.961
E
KA = M A =
38.39

!#>#> lkçN³énbnÞúkrbs;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYlEdlmanpSayenAkñúgRBwtþib½Rtbec©keTs
(Loading properties of nonprismatic members Available from publications)
dUckarbgðajenAkñúgkfamun² eKRtUvkarkargarCaeRcInEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarkMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cug em
KuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl. CalT§pl eK)anbegáItRkaPic nig
taragedIm,IkMNt;Tinñn½yTaMgenHsRmab;rUbragrYmEdleRbIenAkñúgkarsikSaKNnarcnasm<½n§. Handbook
of Frame Constant RtUv)anpSBVpSayedaysmaKmn_sIum:gt_B½rELn. taragxøH ¬EdlRtUv)anykecj

BIkare)aHBum<enH¦ RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtarag 13-1 nig 13-2. TRmg;éntaragEdlsμúKsμajRtUv)an[

enAkñúg PCA handbook CamYynwgedrIevénrUbmnþEdleRbI.
xageRkamenHCaniymn½yrbs;nimitþsBaØamYycMnYn³
a A , a B = pleFobénRbEvgrbs; haunch enAcug A nig B elIRbEvgrbs;ElVg.

b = pleFobcm¶ayBIbnÞúkcMcMNuceTAcug A elIRbEvgElVg.

C AB , C BA = emKuNdMENlrbs;Ggát; AB enAcug A nig B erogKña.

h A , hB = km<s;rbs;Ggát;enAcug A nig B erogKña.

hC = km<s;rbs;Ggát;enARtg;muxkat;Gb,brma.

I C = m:Um:g;niclPaBénmuxkat;Rtg;km<s;Gb,brma.

k AB , k BA = m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg;cug A nig B erogKña EdlkMNt;enAkñúgtaragsRmab;bnÞúkcM

cMNuc P b¤bnÞúkBRgayesμI P .
rA , rB = pleFobsRmab;muxkat;ctuekaN Edl rA = (h A − hC ) / hC / rB = (hB − hC ) / hC .

dUckarbgðajxagelI eKkMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cug nigemKuNdMENlBItarag. eKGackMNt;emKuNkRmajdac;

xatedayeRbIemKuNkRmajEdlmanenAkñúgtarag nigGackMNt;)anBI
k AB EI C k BA EI C
KA = KB = (13-2)
L L
karGnuvtþénkareRbIR)as;taragnwgmanbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_ 13-5.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -452

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Problems T.Chhay -453

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT T.Chhay -454

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
!#>$> karEbgEckm:Um:g;sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl
(Moment distribution for structures having nonprismatic members)
eRkayeBlKNnam:Um:g;bgáb;cug emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;
ERbRbYlrbs;rcnasm<½n§rYcehIy eKRtUvGnuvtþviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;dUcdMeNIrkarviPaKEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúg
emeron 12. cMeBaHbBaðaenH eKRtUvcgcaMfaeKGackat;bnßydMeNIkarrbs;viFIEbgEckm:Um:g; RbsinebIem
KuNkRmajrbs;Ggát;RtUv)anEktRmUvsRmab;lkçxNÐcugGgát;manTRmsnøak; ehIyrcnasm<½n§sIuemRTI b¤
GsIuemRTI. dUcKña eKk¾GaceFVIkarEktRmUvsRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl.
FñwmEdlmanTRmsnøak;enAcugq¶ay³ BicarNaFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 13-8a EdlmanTRmsnøak;enAxagcug
q¶ay B . emKuNkRmajdac;xag K ' A Cam:Um:g;EdlGnuvtþenARtg; A EdleFVI[FñwmmanmMurgVil θ A enARtg;
A . eKGackMNt;vadUcteTA. dMbUg eKRtUvsnμt;fa B RtUv)anbgáb;CabeNþaHGasnñ ehIyeKRtUvGnuvtþ

m:Um:g; K A enARtg; A ¬rUbTI 13-8b¦. m:Um:g;EdlekItmanenARtg; B KW C AB K A Edl C AB CaemKuN

dMENlBI A eTA B . bnÞab;mk edaysar B minRtUv)anbgáb; karGnuvtþm:Um:g;EdlmanTisedApÞúy C AB K A
¬rUbTI 13-8c¦ nwgeFVI[ekItmanm:Um:g; C BAC AB K A enARtg;cug A . edayeRbIviFItRmYtpl lT§plén
karGnuvtþm:Um:g;TaMgBIreFIV[FñwmrgbnÞúkdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-8a. dUcenH eKGaceXIjfaemKuN
kRmajdac;xatrbs;FñwmKW
K ' A = K A (1 − C AB C BA ) (13-3)
enATIenH K A CaemKuNkRmajdac;xatrbs;Fñwm edaysnμt;favaRtUv)anbgáb;enARtg; B cugq¶ay.
]TahrN_ enAkñúgkrNIrbs;FñwmEdlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl K A = 4EI / L ehIy C AB = C BA = 1/ 2 .
edayCMnYseTAkñúgsmIkar 13-3 eyIgTTYl)an K ' A = 3EI / L dUcsmIkar 12-4.

FñwmsIuemRTIrgbnÞúksIuemRTI³ enATIenH eyIgRtUvkMNt;m:Um:g; K ' EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVI[cug A manmMurgVil

A

θ B = −1rad ¬rUbTI 13-9a¦. enAkñúgkrNIenH dMbUgeyIgsnμt;facug B RtUv)anTb; ehIyGnuvtþm:Um:g;

K A enARtg; A ¬rUbTI 13-9b¦. bnÞab;mk eyIgGnuvtþm:Um:g;GviC¢man C BA K B enARtg;cug A dUc

Problems T.Chhay -455

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-9c. kareFVItRmYtplénkarGnuvtþénm:Um:g;Rtg; A TaMgBIreFVI[eyIgTTYl)an

lT§plénrUbTI 13-9a. eyIgtRmUv[
K ' A = K A − C BA K B
edayeRbIsmIkar 13-1 ¬ C BA K B = C AB K A ¦ eyIgk¾Gacsresr
K ' A = K A (1 − C AB ) (13-4)
enAkñúgkrNIénFñwmEdlmanmuxkat;efr K A = 4EI / L ehIy C AB = 1/ 2 dUcenH K ' A = 2EI / L EdldUc
KñanwgsmIkar 12-5.

FñwmsIuemRTIrgbnÞúkGsIuemRTI³ enAkñúgkrNIFñwmsIuemRTIEdlrgbnÞúkGsIuemRTI eyIgRtUvkMNt; K ' Edl

A

eFVI[ekItmanmMurgVilesμIKñaenARtg;cugFñwm ¬rUbTI 13-10a¦. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH dMbUgeyIgRtUvTb;cug B

ehIyGnuvtþm:Um:g; K A enARtg; A ¬rUbTI 13-10b¦. dUcKña karGnuvtþén K B enARtg;cug B cMENkÉcug A
RtUv)anTb;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-10c. kareFVItRmYtplénkrNITaMgBIr eKTTYl)anlT§plenAkñúgrUb
TI 13-10a. dUcenH
K ' A = K A + C BA K B
b¤ edayeRbIsmIkar 13-1 ¬ C BA K B = C AB K A ¦ eyIg)an
K ' A = K A (1 + C AB ) (13-5)
edayCMnYsTinñn½ysRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;efr K A = 4EI / L nig C AB = 1/ 2 eyIgTTYl)an K ' A
= 6 EI / L EdldUcKñanwgsmIkar 12-6.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -456

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
karrMkileFobéntMNrbs;Fñwm³ m:Um:g;bgáb;cugRtUv)anbegáItenAkñúgGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl Rbsin
ebIvamankarrMkileFobéntMN Δ rvagcug A nig B ¬rUbTI 13-11a¦. edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;TaMgenH eyIg
GnuvtþdUcteTA. dMbUg BicarNacug A nig B CatMNsnøak; ehIyGnuBaØat[cug B rbs;Fñwmpøas;TI)an Δ
dUcenHmMurgVilenAcugFñwmKWθ A = θ B = Δ / L ¬rUbTI 13-11b¦. bnÞab;mk snμt;fa B RtUv)anTb; ehIy
Gnuvtþm:Um:g; M ' A = − K A (Δ / L) enARtg;cug A dUcenHvaeFVI[cugrbs;FñwmmanmMurgVil θ A = −Δ / L ¬rUb TI
13-11c¦. bnÞab;mkeTot snμt;fa A RtUv)anTb; ehIyGnuvtþm:Um:g; M 'B = − K B (Δ / L )enAxagcug B
dUcenHvaeFVI[cugFñwmmanmMurgVil θ B = −Δ / L ¬rUbTI 13-11d¦. edaysarplbUksrubéndMeNIrkarTaMg
bIenH eFVI[lkçxNÐdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-11a eyIgmanenARtg; A
(FEM ) AB = − K A Δ − C BA K B Δ
L L
edayGnuvtþsmIkar 13-1 ¬ C BA K B = C AB K A ¦ eyIg)an
(FEM ) AB = − K A Δ (1 + C AB ) (13-6)
L
eKGacsresrsmIkardUcKñasRmab;cug B . rMlwkfasRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;efr K A = 4EI / L nig
C AB = 1 / 2 . dUcenH (FEM ) AB = −6 EIΔ / L2 EdldUcKñanwgsmIkar 11-5.

RbsinebIcug B RTedayTRmsnøak; ¬rUbTI 13-12¦ eKGackMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg; A tam

rebobRsedogKñaEdl)anerobrab;xagelI. lT§plKW
(FEM )' AB = − K A Δ (1 − C AB C BA ) (13-7)
L
enATIenH eyIgeXIjfasRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl smIkarenH[ (FEM )' AB = −3EIΔ / L2
EdlRsedogKñanwgGIVEdlmanenAkñúgtaragenAkñúgemeronTI11.
]TahrN_xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;eTAelIrcnasm<½n§EdlmanGgát;Edlman
muxkat;ERbRbYl. eRkayeBlkMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cug emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENl eKEktRmUvemKuN
kRmajedayeRbIsmIkarEdl[xagelI ehIyeRbIdMeNIrkarviPaKdUcKñanwgkarerobrab;enAkñúgemeron 12.

Problems T.Chhay -457

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

]TahrN_ 13-5³ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRmrbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 13-13a. Fñwmman

kRmas; 0.3m ehIy E CacMnYnefr.

dMeNaHRsay³ edaysar haunch manrag)a:ra:bUl eyIgnwgeRbItarag 13-2 edIm,ITTYllkçN³EbgEck

m:Um:g;énFñwm.
ElVg AB
1.5 1.2 − 0.6
a A = aB = = 0.2 rA = rB = = 1.0
7.5 0.6
edaybBa©ÚltémøxagelIeTAkñúgtarag 13-2 eyIg)an
C AB = C BA = 0.619

k AB = k BA = 6.41
edayeRbIsmIkar 13-2
kEI C 6.41E (0.3)(0.6 )3
K AB = K BA =
L
=
12(7.5)
( ) = 4.615 10 − 3 E

edaysarcugq¶ayrbs;ElVg BA CaTRmsnøak; eyIgnwgEktRmUvemKuNkRmajrbs; BA edayeRbIsmIkar

13-3. eyIg)an

K ' = K (1 − C C ) = 4.615(10 )E [1 − 0.619(0.619 )] = 2.847(10 )E

BA BA AB BA
3 −3

bnÞúkrayesμI tarag 13-2

(FEM ) AB = −(0.0956)(30)(7.5)2 = −161.33kN .m

cMeNaT T.Chhay -458

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
(FEM )BA = 161.33kN .m
ElVg BC
1.5 1.2 − 0.6 1.5 − 0.6
a B = aC = = 0.5 rB = = 1.0 rC =
3 0.6 0.6
BItarag 13-2 eyIg)an
C BC = 0.781 CCB = 0.664

k BC = 13.12 K CB = 15.47
dUcenH BItarag 13-2
kEI C 13.12 E (0.3)(0.6 )3
K BC =
L
=
12(3)
( )
= 23.616 10 − 3 E

kEI C 15.47 E (0.3)(0.6 )3

K CB =
L
=
12(3)
( )
= 27.846 10 − 3 E

bnÞúkcMcMNuc
0.9
b= = 0.3
3
(FEM )BC = −0.189(135)(3) = −76.59kN .m
(FEM )CB = 0.0759(135)(3) = 30.74kN .m
edayeRbItémøxagelIsRmab;emKuNkRmaj eK)anKNnaemKuNEbgEck ehIybBa©Úlkñúgtarag ¬rUbTI
13-13b¦. karEbgEckm:Um:g;GnuvtþtamdMeNIrkardUcerobrab;enAkñúgemeron12. lT§plRtUv)anbgðaj
enAkñúgCYredkxageRkameKbMputrbs;tarag.

!#>%> smIkar slope-deflection sRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl

(Slope-deflection equation for nonprismatic members)
smIkar slope-deflection sRmab;Ggát;Edlmanmuxkat;efrRtUv)anbegáItenAkñúgemeron 11. enA
kñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgbegáItTRmg;TUeTAénsmIkarTaMgenH dUcenHeKk¾GaceRbIBYkvaCamYynwgGgát;Edl
manmuxkat;ERbRbYl. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH eyIgnwgeRbIlT§plénkfaxNÐBImun ehIybegáItedaysresr
smIkartamrebobEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúgemeron 11 EdlBicarNa\T§iBlEdlbgáeLIgedaybnÞúk
bMlas;TIeFobrbs;tMN nigmMurgVilrbs;tMNnImYy²dac;edayELkBIKña ehIycugeRkaypSMbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,I
TTYl)anlT§pl.
bnÞúk³ bnÞúkRtUv)ankMNt;edaym:Um:g;bgáb;cug (FEM )AB nig (FEM )BA EdlmanGMeBIenAcug A nig B
rbs;ElVg. m:Um:g;viC¢maneFVIGMeBIRsbRTnicnaLika.

Problems T.Chhay -459

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

karrMkileFobrbs;tMN³ enAeBlekItmanbMlas;TIeFob Δ rvagtMN eKKNnam:Um:g;EdlekItmanBI

smIkar 13-6. enAcug A m:Um:g;KW − [K AΔ / L](1 + C AB ) ehIyenAcug B m:Um:g;KW − [K B Δ / L](1 + C BA ) .
mMurgVilRtg; A ³ RbsinebIcug A vil)anθ A m:Um:g;tRmUvkarenAkñúgElVgenARtg; A KW K Aθ A . ehIy va
begáItm:Um:g; C AB K Aθ A = C BA K Bθ A enARtg;cug B .
mMurgVilRtg; B ³ RbsinebIcug B vil)anθ B m:Um:g; K Bθ B RtUveFVIGMeBIenAcug B ehIym:Um:g;EdlekItman
enAcug A KW C AB K Bθ B = C BA K Aθ B .
m:Um:g;bgáb;cugsrubEdlbgáeday\T§iBlTaMgenHbegáIt)anCasmIkar slop-deflection TUeTA dUc
enHeKGacsresrsmIkar
Δ
M AB = K A Bθ A + C ABθ B − (1 + C AB )R + (FEM ) AB
L
Δ
M BA = K B Bθ B + C BAθ A − (1 + C BA )R + (FEM )BA
L
edaysmIkarTaMgBIrenHRsedogKña eyIgGacsresrvaCasmIkareTal. edayKitfacugmçagrbs;ElVgCa
cugCit (N ) nigcugmçageTotCacugq¶ay (F ) ehIymMuvilrbs;Ggát;Caψ = Δ / L eyIg)an
M N = K N (θ N + C N θ F −ψ (1 + C N )) + (FEM )N (13-8)
Edl MN = m:Um:g;enARtg;cugCitrbs;ElVg. m:Um:g;viC¢manvilRsbRTnicnaLikenAeBlvaeFVIGMeBIelI
ElVg.
K N = kRmajdac;xatrbs;cugCitEdlkMNt;)anBItarag b¤edaykarKNna.

θ N , θ = mMurgVilenARtg;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;ElVgenARtg;TRm. xñatrbs;vaCara:düg; ehIy

F

vamantémøviC¢manenAeBlvavilRsbRTnicnaLika.
ψ = mMurbs;ElVgEdlbNþalBIbMlas;TIlIenEG‘r ψ = Δ / L . xñatrbs;vaCara:düg; ehIyvaman
témøviC¢manenAeBlvavilRsbRTnicnaLika.
(FEM )N = m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg;cugTRmCit. m:Um:g;viC¢maneFVIGMeBIRsbRTnicnaLikaelIElVg
ehIyeKTTYlva)anBItarag b¤edaykarKNna.
eKGnuvtþsmIkardUckarGnuvtþdMeNIrkarviPaKEdlerobrab;enAkñúgemeronTI 11 dUcenHeyIgnwgmin
erobrab;enATIenHeT. CaBiess eKRtUvcMNaMfa smIkar 13-8 kat;bnßymkRtwmsmIkar 11-8 enAeBl
GnuvtþeTAelIGgát;Edlmanmuxkat;efr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -460

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
cMeNaT
!#>! kMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg; A nig C sRmab; BRgwgCaEpñkedayEdk 25mm × 250mm BIelI
Fñwmsmas. E = 200GPa . søabenAxagcug. yk E = 200GPa .

!#>@ kMNt;emKuNkRmaj K A nigemKuNdMENl !#>& kMNt;edayRbhak;RbEhlnUvemKuN

C AB sRmab;FñwméncMeNaT !#>!. snμt; A nig C kRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;FñwmEdkEdl
CaTRmbgáb;. manm:Um:g;niclPaB 94.9(106 )mm 4 nigkm<s;
!#># kMNt;mMurgVilenARtg;cug A énFñwmkugs‘ul. 222 mm . FñwmRtUv)an BRgwgCaEpñkedayEdk

muxkat;manragctuekaN ehIymanTTwg 0.4m 15mm × 200mm BIelIsøabenAkNþalElVg.

efr. sRmab;karKNnakMNat;Ggát;FñwmmanRbEvg yk E = 200GPa .

2m . yk E = 200GPa .

!#>* rtRtUv)aneFVIBIEdkEdlmanRTnug 12.5mm

!#>$ kMNt;edayRbhak;RbEhlnUvemKuN pSarP¢ab;eTAnwgbnÞHEdksøab 200mm × 25mm .
kRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;cug B rbs;Fñwm kMNt;edayRbhak;RbEhlnUvemKuNkRmaj nig
éncMeNaT !#>#. sRmab;karKNnakMNat;Ggát; emKuNdMENlsRmab;FñwmenAxagcug A nigcug
B . sRmab;karKNnakMNat;Ggát;FñwmmanRbEvg
FñwmmanRbEvg 2m .
1m . yk E = 200GPa .
!#>% kMNt;emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENlenA
Rtg;cug A nigcug B rbs;Fñwmsmas. E =
200GPa .

!#>( eKeRbIssr AB edIm,IRTFñwm C sRmab;GaKar

sSahkmμFn;Rsal. kMNt;emKuNkRmaj nig
emKuNdMENlenAcug A nig B . yk E =
!#>^ kMNt;emKuNkRmaj nigemKuNdMENl 200GPa .
sRmab; FñwmEdkEdlmanm:Um:g;niclPaB
235(10 6 )mm 4 nigkm<s; 250 mm . FñwmRtUv)an

Problems T.Chhay -461

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!#>!# kMNt;m:Um:g;enARtg; A / B nig C edayviFI

EbgEckm:Um:g;. snμt;TRm A nig C CaTRmbgáb;
ehIyTRmkl;EdlsßitenARtg; B KWsßitenAelI)at
rwg. eRbItarag 13-1 edIm,I kMNt;lkçN³caM)ac;.
E CacMnYnefr. Haunch CabnÞat;Rtg;.
!#>!0 sg;düaRkamm:Um:g;sRmab;Fñwm straight-
haunch TRmbgáb;. yk E = 200GPa .

!#>!$ edaHRsaycMeNaTI !#>!# edayeRbIsmIkar

!#>!! kMNt;edayRbhak;RbEhlnUvemKuN slope-deflection.

kRmaj nigemKuNdMENlsRmab;FñwmeQI. yk !#>!% GnuvtþviFIEbgEckm:Um;g;edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;enA

E = 11GPa . FñwmmankRmas; 300mm . sRmab; Rtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKagEdlman haunch
karKNnakMNat;Ggát;FñwmmanRbEvg1m . )a:ra:bUlsIuemRTI. TRm A nig D CaTRmbgáb;.
eRbItarag 13-2. Ggát;nImYy²mankRmas;
0.2m . E CacMnYnefr.

!#>!@ kMNt;m:Um:g;bgáb;cugenARtg; A / B nig C

edayviFIEbgEckm:Um:g;. eRbItarag 13-1 edIm,I
kMNt;lkçN³caM)ac;. E CacMnYnefr. snμt;TRm
A nig C CaTRmbgáb; ehIyTRmkl;EdlsßitenA

Rtg; B KWsßitenAelI)atrwg. rtmankRmas;

0.25m .

cMeNaT T.Chhay -462

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
!#>!^ edaHRsaycMeNaTI !#>!% edayeRbIsmIkar !#>!( eRbIviFIEbgEckm:Um;g;edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;enA
slope-deflection. Rtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKags<ansIuemRTI. TRm F
!#>!& eRbIviFIEbgEckm:Um;g;edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;enA nig E CaTRmbgáb; ehIy B nig C CatMNbgáb;.
Rtg;tMNnImYy²rbs;eRKag. TRm A nig C CaTRm eRbI tarag 13-2. snμt;fa E CacMnYnefr
snøak; ehIytMN B nig D CatMNbgáb;. eRbI Ggát;nImYy² mankRmas; 0.25m . Haunch
tarag 13-1. snμt;fa E CacMnYnefr Ggát;nImYy² CabnÞat;Rtg;.
mankRmas; 0.25m . Haunch CabnÞat;Rtg;.

!#>@0 edaHRsaycMeNaTI !#>!( edayeRbIsmIkar

slope-deflection.
!#>!* edaHRsaycMeNaTI !#>!& edayeRbIsmIkar
slope-deflection.

Problems T.Chhay -463

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!$> karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj

Truss analysis using the stiffness method

enAkñúgemeronenH eyIgnwgBnül;BIeKalkarN_mUldæanénkareRbIR)as;viFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;viPaKeRKOg
bgÁúM. viFIenHmanPaBsμúKsμajsRmab;karedaHRsayedayéd EtvasaksmsRmab;eRbICamYynwgkMuBüÚT½r.
enAkñúgemeronenHmanbgðajBI]TahrN_Gnuvtþn_eTAelI truss kñúgbøg;. bnÞab;mk eyIgnwgeRbIviFIenH
sRmab; truss kñúglMh. eyIgnwgerobrab;BIkarGnuvtþviFIenHsRmab;Fñwm nigeRKagenAemeroneRkay.

!$>!> eKalkarN_mUldæanénviFIPaBrwgRkaj (Fundamentals of the stiffness method)

eKmanmeFüa)ayBIrsRmab;viPaKrcnasm<½n§edayeRbIviFIm:aRTIs. viFIPaBrwgRkajEdlRtUveRbI
enAkñúgemeronenH nigemeroneRkayCakarviPaKedayeRbIviFIbMlas;TI. viFIkmøaMg EdleKehAfaviFI
flexibility ¬Edlerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 10-1¦ k¾GaceRbIedIm,IviPaKrcnasm<½n§ b:uEnþviFIenHminRtUv)an

bgðajenAkñúgesovePAenHeT. mUlehtucm,gKW eKGaceRbIviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;viPaKrcnasm<½n§kMNt;

edaysþaTic nigrcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic cMENkÉviFI flexibility RtUvkardMeNIrkarepSgsRmab;
krNInImYy²énkrNITaMgBIr. ehIyviFIPaBrwgRkajpþl;[bMlas;TI nigkmøaMgedaypÞal; cMENkÉ viFI
flexibility minpþl;[bMlas;TIedaypÞal;eT. elIsBIenH eKmanPaBgayRsYlsresrrUbmnþm:aRTIs

EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;RbtþibtþikarkMuBüÚT½redayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj ehIyenAeBleKeFVIvarYc eKGacviPaK

eRKOgbgÁúMedaykMuBüÚT½ry:agmanRbsiT§PaB.
karGnuvtþviFIPaBrwgRkajTamTarnUvkarbMEbkeRKOgbgÁúMCaes‘rIén finite elements ehIyeKRtUv
kMNt;GtþsBaØaN[cMNuccugrbs;Ggát;Ca node. sRmab;karviPaK truss, finite element CaGgát;
nImYy²EdlpSMCa truss ehIy node CatMN. eKRtUvkMNt;lkçN³kmøaMg nigbMlas;TIrbs;Ggát;nImYy²
ehIyeKRtUveFVITMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIedayeRbIsmIkarlMnwgkmøaMgEdlsresrenARtg; node.
bnÞab;mk eKerobcMTMnak;TMngTaMgenH ¬sRmab;rcnasm<½n§TaMgmUl¦ CaRkumbBa©ÚlKña EdleK[eQμaHfa
structure stiffness matrix K. enAeBlEdleKbegáItm:aRTIsrYcehIy eKGackMNt;bMlas;TIrbs; node

sRmab;bnÞúkenAelIrcnasm<½n§. enAeBlEdleKsÁal;bMlas;TIrYcehIy eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;eRKOg

bgÁúMedayeRbITMnak;TMngrvagkmøagM nigbMlas;TIsRmab;Ggát;.
munnwgbegáItdMeNIrkarsRmab;GnuvtþviFIPaBrwgRkaj CaCMhandMbUgeyIgcaM)ac;yl;dwgBIniymn½y
nigeKalKMnitmYycMnYn³
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -464
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
karkMNt;GtþsBaØaNrbs;Ggát; nig ³ CMhanmYyénCMhandMbUgkñúgkarGnuvtþviFIPaBrwgRkaj
node
KWkMNt;GtþsBaØaNGgát;rbs;rcnasm<½n§ nig node rbs;va. eyIgnwgkMNt;Ggát;edaybg;elxEdlB½T§
CMuvijedaykaer ehIyelxEdlB½T§CMuvijedayrgVg;kMNt;[ node. ehIyeKk¾RtUvkMNt;cugCit nig
cugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;edayeRbIk,alRBYjEdlvacg¥úleTAcugq¶ay. ]TahrN_énkarkMNt;Ggát; node nig
TisedAsRmab; truss RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-1a.

kUGredaenskl nigkUGredaenGgát;³ edaysarbnÞúk nigbMlas;TICaTMhMviucT½r enaHeKcaM)ac;RtUvbegáIt

RbB½n§kUGredaenedIm,IkMNt;TisedArbs;va[)anRtwmRtUv. enATIenH eyIgnwgeRbIRbB½n§kUGredaenBIr
RbePTepSgKña. RbB½n§kUGredaenskl b¤RbB½n§kUGredaenrcnasm<½n§ ¬ x, y ¦ RtUveRbIedIm,IkMNt;Tis
edAénbnÞúkxageRkA nigTisedAénbgÁúM;bMlas;TIenARtg; node ¬rUbTI 14-1a¦. RbB½n§kUGredaentMbn; b¤
RbB½n§kUGredaenGgát;RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²edIm,IkMNt;TisedAénbMlas;TIrbs;va nigkmøaMgkñúg
rbs;va. RbB½n§enHRtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbIG½kS x' , y' CamYynwgKl;enARtg; node Cit ehIyG½kS x' lat
sn§wgeq<aHeTArk node q¶ay. ]TahrN_sRmab;Ggát; truss elx $ RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-1b.
PaBminkMNt;sIueNm:aTic³ dUckarerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 11-1, degree of freedom Edlminman
karTb;sRmab; truss CaGBaØatdMbUgénviFIbMlas;TI dUcenHeKRtUvEtkMNt;va. tamc,ab;TUeTA eKman
degree of freedom b¤bMlas;TIEdlGacekItmancMnYnBIr sRmab;tMN (node). sRmab;karGnuvtþ

degree of freedom nImYy²RtUv)ankMNt;enAelI truss edayeRbIelxkUd ¬EdlbgðajenARtg;tMN b¤

node¦ ehIyeKeRbIk,alRBYjedaysMGageTAelIkUGredaensklviC¢man. ]TahrN_ truss enAkñúgrUbTI

14-1a man degree of freedom cMnYn8 EdlRtUv)ankMNt;;edayelxkUdBIelx 1 dl; elx 8

dUcbgðaj. Truss enHminkMNt;edaysIueNm:aTicdWeRkTI5 edaysarbMlas;TIEdlGacekItmanTaMg 8enH
elx1 dl;elx5 CaGBaØat b¤ degree of freedom EdlminmankarTb; ehIyelx 6 dl;elx8Ca
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -465
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

degree of freedom EdlmankarTb;. edaysarmankarTb; bMlas;TIenATIenHRtUvesμIsUnü. sRmab;kar

GnuvtþbnþbnÞab; eyIgeRbIelxkUdtUc²sRmab;sMKal;bMlas;TIEdleyIgminsÁal; ¬degree of freedom
EdlminTb;¦ ehIyelxkUcFM²sRmab;sMKal;bMlas;TIEdlsÁal; ¬degree of freedom EdlTb;¦. mUl
ehtukñúgkareFVIEbbenH edIm,IgayRsYlerobcM structure stiffness matrix dUcenHeyIgnwgGackMNt;
bMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØatedaypÞal;.
eRkayeBleyIgbg;elx[ truss ehIykMNt;elxkUd eyIgGacKNna structure stiffness
matrix K. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH dMbUgeyIgRtUvbegáIt member stiffness matrix k’ sRmab;Ggát;nImYy²

rbs; truss. eKeRbIm:aRTIsenHedIm,IbgáajTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigbMlas;TIrbs;Ggát;edayeRbIkUGredaen

tMbn;. edaysarGgát;TaMgGs;rbs; truss minmanTisdUcKña eyIgRtUvbMElgTMhMTaMgenHBIkUGredaentMbn;
x' , y ' eTACakUGredaenskl x, y edayeRbIm:aRTIsbMElgkmøaMg nig bMlas;TI (force and displace-

ment transformation matrices). eRkaybegáItrYcehIy eyIgGacbMElgm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát;

BIkUGredaentMbn;eTACakUGredaenskl ehIybnÞab;mkpÁúMvaedIm,IbegáItCam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrcnasm<½n§.
edayeRbI K ¬dUckarbgðajxagelI¦ dMbUgeyIgGackMNt;bMlas;TIrbs; node bnÞab; mkeyIgGackMNt;
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm nigcugeRkayKWkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;. eyIgnwgbegáItviFIenH.

!$>@> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát; (Member stiffness matrix)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;eTalrbs; truss edayeRbI
kUGredaentMbn; x' , y' dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-2. tYenAkñúgm:aRTIsenHCaTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nig
bMlas;TIsRmab;Ggát;.
Ggát;rbs; truss Gacpøas;TI)anEttamG½kS x' rbs;vab:ueNÑaH edaysarbnÞúkGnuvtþtamTisenH.
dUcenH eKGacmanbMlas;TIÉkraCüBIr. enAeBleK[cugCitrbs;Ggát;manbMlas;TIviC¢man d N ehIy
cMENkÉcugq¶ayRtUv)anTb;edaysnøak; ¬rUbTI 14-2a¦ enaHkmøaMgEdlekItmanenARtg; cugrbs;Ggát;KW
AE AE
q' N = dN q' F = − dN
L L
cMNaMfa q' F GviC¢manedaysarsßanPaBlMnwg vaRtUveFVIGMeBItamTisedAGviC¢man x' . dUcKña bMlas;TI
viC¢man d F enARtg;cugq¶ayedaycugCitenAEtTb;edaysnøak; ¬rUbTI 14-2b¦ pþl;nUvkmøaMgkñúgGgát;
AE AE
q' ' N = − dF q' ' F = dF
L L
edaykareFIVtRmYtpl ¬rUbTI 14-2c¦ kmøaMgers‘ultg;EdlbgáedaybMlas;TITaMgBI
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -466
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
AE AE
qN = dN − dF (14-1)
L L
AE AE
qF = dF − dN (14-2)
L L
eKGacsresrsmIkarTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigkmøaMgkñúgTRmg;m:aRTIs*Ca
⎡q N ⎤ AE ⎡ 1 − 1⎤ ⎡d N ⎤
⎢ q ⎥ = L ⎢− 1 1 ⎥ ⎢ d ⎥
⎣ F⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ F ⎦
b¤ q = k ' d (14-3)

Edl k ' = AEL ⎡⎢−11 −11⎤⎥ (14-4)

⎣ ⎦
m:aRTIs k ' RtUv)aneK[eQμaHfam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; ehIyvamanTRmg;dUcKñasRmab;Ggát;
nImYy²rbs; truss. tYTaMgbYnEdlbegáItCam:aRTIsenHRtUv)aneK[eQμaHfaemKuN\T§iBlkRmajsRmab;
Ggát; (member stiffness influence coefficient) k'ij . k'ij CakmøaMgenARtg;tMN i enAeBltMN j
ekItmanbMlas;TImYyÉktþa. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI i = j = 1 enaH k '11 CakmøaMgenARtg;cugCitenAeBlcug
q¶ayRtUv)anTb;edaybgáb; ehIycugCitrgbMlas;TI d N = 1 eBalKW
AE
q N = k '11 =
L
dUcKña eKkMNt;kmøaMgenAcugq¶ayBI i = 2 / j =1 dUcenH
AE
q F = k ' 21 = −
L
tYTaMgBIrenHCaCYrQrTImYyrbs;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajGgát;. tamrebobdUcKña CYrQrTIBIrrbs;m:aRTIsenH
CakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;enAeBlcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;rgbMlas;TIÉktþa.

*
]bsm<½n§ A pþl;[nUvkarrMlwkBIm:aRTIs.
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -467
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!$>#> m:aRTIsbMElgénbMlas;TI nigkmøaMg

(Displacement and force transformation matrices)
edaysar truss pSMeLIgedayGgát;eRcIn eyIgnwg
begáItviFIsRmab;bMElgkmøaMgkñúgGgát; q nig bMlas;TI d
EdlkMNt;enAkñúgkUGredaentMbn;[eTACakUGredaen
skl. edIm,IPaBgayRsYl eyIgnwgBicarNakUGredaen
sklviC¢man x manTisedAeTAsþaM ehIy y manTisedA
eLIgelI. mMurvagG½kSskl x, y nigG½kStMbn; x' , y' RtUv
)ankMNt;eday θ x ehIy θ y dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-
3. eyIgnwgeRbI kUsIunUsénmMuTaMgenHenAkñúgkarviPaK
m:aRTIsdUcteTA. eyIgtag λ x = cosθ x ehIy λ y = cosθ y . eKGackMNt;témøCaelxsRmab; λ x
nig λ y y:aggayedayeRbIkMuBüÚT½r enAeBleKkMNt; kUGredaen x, y éncugCit N nigcugq¶ay F rbs;
Ggát;rYcehIy. ]TahrN_ eKmanGgát; NF dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-4. enATIenH kUGredaenrbs; N
nig F KW (x N , y N ) nig (x F , y F ) erogKña . dUcenH
*

xF − xN xF − xN
λ x = cos θ x = = (14-5)
L (x F − x N )2 + ( y F − y N )2
yF − yN yF − yN
λ y = cos θ y = = (14-6)
L (x F − xN ) + (yF − y N )
2 2

sBaØanBVnþenAkñúgsmIkarTUeTATaMgenHnwgKitedaysV½yRbvtþisRmab;Ggát;EdlsßitenAkñúgkaRdg;NamYy
rbs;bøg; xy .

*
Kl;rbs;kUGredaenGacsßitenATINak¾)an [EtmanlkçN³gayRsYl. b:uEnþ CaTUeTA vaeRcInsßitenARtg;TItaMgNaEdl
kUGredaenrbs; node TaMgGs;viC¢man dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-4.
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -468
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
m:aRTIsbMElgbMlas;TI³ enAkñúgkUGredaenskl cugnImYy²rbs;Ggát;Gacman degree of freedom b¤
bMlas;TIÉkraCüBIr eBalKWtMN N man DN nig DN ¬rUbTI 14-5a nig 14-5b¦ ehIytMN N man
x y

D F nig DF ¬rUbTI 14-5c nig14-5d¦. eyIgnwgBicarNabMlas;TITaMgenHdac;edayELkBIKñaedIm,I

x y

kMNt;bgÁúMbMlas;TIrbs;vatambeNþayGgát;. enAeBlcugq¶ayRtUv)anTb;edaysnøak; ehIycugCitmanbM

las;TItamkUGredaenskl DN ¬rUbTI 14-5a¦ bMlas;TI ¬kMhUcRTg;RTay¦ EdlRtUvKñatambeNþay
x

Ggát;KW DN cosθ x * . dUcKña bMlas;TI DN nwgeFVI[Ggát;pøas;TI DN cosθ y tambeNþayG½kS x'

x y y

¬rUbTI 14-5b¦. \T§iBlénbMlas;TIsklTaMgeFVI[Ggát;pøas;TI.

d N = D N x cos θ x + D N y cos θ y

tamrebobdUcKña bMlas;TIviC¢man DF nig DF erogKña EdlGnuvtþenARtg;cugq¶ay F cMENkÉcugCit

x y

RtUv)anTb;edaysnøak; ¬rUbTI 14-5c nig 14-5d¦ nwgeFVI[Ggát;pøas;TI

d F = DFx cos θ x + D Fy cos θ y

eday[ λ x = cosθ x nig λ y = cosθ y CakUsIunUsR)ab;Tis (direction cosine) sRmab;Ggát; eyIg)an

d N = DN x λ x + DN y λ y

d F = DFx λ x + D Fy λ y

EdleKGacsresrvaCaTRmg;m:aRTIs
⎡ DN x ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎡ d N ⎤ ⎡λ x λ y 0 0 ⎤ ⎢ D N y ⎥
⎢d ⎥ = ⎢ 0 0 λ λ ⎥⎢ D ⎥ (14-7)
⎣ F⎦ ⎣ x y⎦
⎢ x⎥
F
D
⎣⎢ Fy ⎦⎥
b¤ d = TD (14-8)
⎡λ x λ y 0 0 ⎤
Edl T =⎢ ⎥ (14-9)
⎣ 0 0 λx λ y ⎦
BIkarbMEbkxagelI T bMElgBIbMlas;TI D kñúgkUGredaenskl x, y TaMgbYn[eTACabMlas;TI d kñúg
kUGredaentMbn; x' cMnYnBIr. dUcenH T Cam:aRTIsbMElgbMlas;TI.

*
eKminKitBIbMEbMrYl θ x b¤ θ y edaysarvamantémøtUceBk.
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -469
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

m:aRTIsbMElgkmøaMg³ BicarNakarGnuvtþkmøaMg q eTAelIcugCitrbs;Ggát; cMENkcugq¶ayRtUv)anTb;

N

edaysnøak; ¬rUbTI 14-6a¦. enATIenH bgÁúMkmøaMgsklrbs; q N enARtg; N KW

Q N x = q N cos x Q N y = q N cos θ y

dUcKña RbsinebI q F RtUv)anGnuvtþeTAelIr)ar ¬rUbTI 14-6b¦ bgÁúMkmøaMgsklenARtg; F KW

Q Fx = q F cos θ x QFy = q F cos θ y

edayeRbIkUsIunUsR)ab;Tis λ x = cosθ x / λ y = cosθ y smIkarTaMgenHkøayCa

QN x = q N λ x QN y = q N λ y

Q Fx = q F λ x QFy = q F λ y

EdleKGacsresrvaCaTRmg;m:aRTIsdUcxageRkam
⎡Q N x ⎤ ⎡ λ x 0 ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ N y ⎥ = ⎢λ y 0 ⎥ ⎡q N ⎤
λ x ⎥ ⎢⎣ q F ⎥⎦
(14-10)
⎢ Q Fx ⎥ ⎢ 0
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ QFy ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 λ y ⎥⎦

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -470

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
b¤ Q =TTq (14-11)
⎡λ x 0⎤
⎢λ 0 ⎥⎥
Edl TT =⎢
⎢0
y
λx ⎥
(14-12)
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 λ y ⎥⎦

enAkñúgkrNIenH T T bMElgBIkmøaMg q EdlmanGMeBIenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;kñúgkUGredaentMbn; x' [eTA

CakmøaMg Q EdlmanbgÁúMbYnkñúgkUGredaenskl x, y . tamkareRbobeFob m:aRTIsbMElgkmøaMgCa
m:aRTIs transpose énm:aRTIsbMElgbMlas;TI ¬smIkar 14-9¦.

!$>$> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát;kñúgkUGredaenskl
(Member global stiffness matrix)
eyIgnwgpþúMlT§plenAkñúgkfaxNÐxagelI ehIykMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;EdlTak;
TgnwgbgÁúMkmøaMgskl Q nigbMlas;TIskl D rbs;Ggát;. RbsinebIeyIgCMnYssmIkar 14-8 ¬ d = TD ¦
eTAkñúgsmIkar 14-3 ¬ q = k ' d ¦ eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMg q rbs;Ggát;CaGnuKmn_énbMlas;TIskl D enA
Rtg;cMNuccugrbs;va eBalKW
q = k ' TD (14-13)
edayCMnYssmIkarenHeTAkñúgsmIkar 14-11 ¬ Q = T T q ¦ enaHeyIgnwgTTYl)anlT§plcugeRkay
Q = T T k ' TD
b¤ Q = KD (14-14)

Edk k = T T k 'T (14-15)

Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -471

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

m:aRTIs k Cam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;enAkñúgkUGredaenskl. edaysareKsÁal; T T / T nig k '

enaHeyIg)an
⎡λ x 0⎤
⎢λ 0 ⎥⎥ AE ⎡ 1 − 1⎤ ⎡λ x λ y 0 0 ⎤
k=⎢
y
⎢0 λ x ⎥ L ⎢⎣− 1 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 λ x λ y ⎥⎦
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 0 λ y ⎦⎥

edayKNnaedaHRsaym:aRTIsxagelI eyIg)an
Nx Ny Fx Fy
⎡ λ2x λxλ y − λ2x − λxλ y ⎤ N x
AE ⎢ ⎥
k= ⎢ λx λ y λ2y − λxλ y − λ2y ⎥ N y (14-16)
L ⎢
⎢ − λx
2
− λxλ y λ2x λ x λ y ⎥⎥ Fx
⎢− λ x λ y − λ2y λxλ y λ2y ⎥⎦ F y
⎣
TItaMgrbs;tYnImYy³enAkñúgm:aRTIssIuemRTITMhM 4 × 4 tMNag[ degree of freedom sklnImYy²EdlpSM
CamYynwgcugCit N nigCamYynwgcugq¶ay F . vaRtUv)anbgðajedaynimitþsBaØénelxkUdEdlenAtamCYr
edk nigCYrQr eBalKW N x , N y , Fx , Fy . enATIenH k CaTMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIsRmab;
Ggát;enAeBlEdlbgÁúMénkmøaMg nigbMlas;TIenAcugrbs;Ggát;sßitenAkñúgkUGredaenskl b¤G½kS x, y . dUc
enHtYnImYy²enAkñúgm:aRTIsCaemKuN\T§iBlPaBrwgRkaj (stiffness influence coefficient) K ij Edl
bgðajbgÁúMkmøaMg x b¤ y enARtg; i EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVI[manbgÁúMbMlas;TIÉktþa x b¤ y enARtg; j . CalT§-
pl CYrQrnImYy²rbs;m:aRTIstMNag[bgÁúMkmøaMgbYnEdlekItmanenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;enAeBlcugGgát;
rgbMlas;TIÉktþaEdlTak;TgnwgCYrQrebs;m:aRTIsenaH. ]TahrN_ bMlas;TIÉktþa DN = 1 nwgbegáIt
x

bgÁúMkmøaMgbYnenAelIGgát;EdlbgðajenAkñúgCYrQrTImYyrbs;m:aRTIs.

!$>%> ma:RTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab; truss (Truss stiffness matrix)

eRkayeBlbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;enAkñúgkUGredaensklrYcehIy eKcaM)ac;pÁúMBUk
vabBa©ÚlKñatamlMdab;d¾RtwmRtUv dUcenHeKnwgTTYl)anm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab; truss TaMgmUl. dM-
eNIrkarénkarpÁúMm:aRTIsGgát;TaMgenHGaRs½ynwgkarkMNt;GtþsBaØaNrbs;Ggát;enAkñúgm:aRTIsGgát;nImYy
². dUckarerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐmun eKRtUvtMerobCYredk nigCYrQrrbs;m:aRTIsedayelxkUdbYn N x ,
N y , Fx , F y EdleRbIedIm,IkMNt;GtþsBaØaN degree of freedom sklBIrEdlGacekItmanenARtg;

cugnImYy²rbs;Ggát; ¬emIlsmIkar 14-16¦. m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMnwgmanlMdab;esμInwg

elxkUdx<s;bMputEdl)ankMNt;eTAelI truss edaysartMNag[cMnYn degree of freedom srub sRmab;
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -472
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
eRKOgbgÁúM. enAeBleKpÁúMm:aRTIs k eKRtUvCMnYstYnImYy²enAkñúg k eTAkñúgCYredk nigCYrQrRtUvKña rbs;
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ K . enAeBlGgát;BIr b¤Ggát;eRcIntP¢ab;KñaenARtg;tMNEtmYy eK
RtUvdak;tYénm:aRTIsrbs;Ggát; k xøHeTAkñúgTItaMgdEdlrbs;m:aRTIs K . eKRtUvbUkbBa©ÚlKñatamlkçN³
nBVnþnUvtYEdlsßitenAkñúgTItaMgdUcKña. eyIgnwgyl;BImUlehtuenH)anc,as; RbsinebIeyIgdwgfatYnImYy²
rbs;m:aRTIs k CaersIusþg;rbs;Ggát;Tb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgxageRkAEdlGnuvtþenARtg;cugrbs;va. tamviFIEbb
enH karbUkbBa©ÚlKñanUversIusþg;tamTis x nigTis y enAeBlbegáItm:aRTIs K kMNt;nUversIusþg;srubrbs;
tMNnImYy²EdlTb;Tl;nwgbMlas;TIÉktþatamTis x b¤tamTis y .
]TahrN_CaelxcMnYnBIrnwgbgðajBIviFIénkarpÁmúM :aRTIssRmab;Ggát;edIm,IbegáItCam:aRTIsPaBrwg
RkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM. eTaHbIvadMeNIrkarmanlkçN³sμúKsμajsRmab;karKNnaedayédbnþic Etvaman
lkçN³gayRsYlCagsRmab;karbegáItkmμviFIenAelIkMuBüÚT½r.
]TahrN_ 14-1³ kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab; truss EdlmanGgát;BIrdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
14-7a. AE mantémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³ tamkarGegát ②manbgÁúMbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØatcMnYnBIr cMENkÉ ① nig③RtUv)anTb;

min[manbMlas;TI. Cavi)ak eKRtUvkMNt;elxkUd[bgÁúMbMlas;TIenARtg;tMN ② dMbUgeK ehIybnþeday
tMN ③ nig ① ¬rUbTI14-7b¦. eKalrbs;RbB½n§kUGredaensklGacsßitenAcMNucNak¾)an. edIm,I
PaBgayRsYl eyIgnwgeRCIserIstMN ② dUcbgðaj. eyIgGackMNt;elxerog[Ggát;tamrebobNa
k¾)an ehIyeKRtUvKUssBaØaRBYjtambeNÞayGgát;TaMgBIredIm,I[dwgcugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;
nImYy². eKGacKNnakUsIunUsR)ab;Tis nigm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
Ggát;elx1³ edaysar ②CacugCit ehIy ③Cacugq¶ay enaHtamsmIkar14-5 nig14-6 eyIg)an
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -473
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

3−0 0−0
λx = =1 λy = =0
3 3
edayeRbIsmIkar 14-16 nigedayEcktYnImYy²CamYynwg L = 3m eyIg)an
1 2 3 4
⎡ 0 − 0.333 0⎤ 1
0.333
⎢ 0⎥⎥ 2
k1 = AE ⎢ 00 0
⎢− 0.333 0 0.333 0⎥ 3
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0⎦ 4

eyIgGacRtYtBinitükarKNnaedaycMNaMfa k1 Cam:aRTIssIuemRTI. cMNaMfa CYredk nigCYrQrenAkñúg

m:aRTIs k1 RtUv)ankMNt;eday degree of freedom x, y enAcugCit Edlbnþedaycugq¶ay eBalKW 1,
2, 3 nig 4 erogKña sRmab;Ggát;elx1 ¬rUbTI 14-7b¦. eKeFVIEbbenHedIm,IkMNt;tYsRmab;karpÁúMenAkñúg

m:aRTIs K .
Ggát;elx 2³ edaysar ②CacugCit ehIy ①Cacugq¶ay enaHeyIg)an
3−0 4−0
λx = = 0.6 λy = = 0.8
5 3
dUcenHsmIkar 14-16 CamYynwg L = 5m køayCa
1 2 5 6
⎡ 0.072 0.096 − 0.072 − 0.096⎤ 1
⎢ 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.128⎥⎥ 2
k 2 = AE ⎢ 0.096
⎢− 0.072 − 0.096 0.072 0.096 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎣− 0.096 − 0.128 0.096 0.128 ⎦ 6

enATIenH eKkMNt;CYredk nigCYrQrCa1, 2, 5 nig 6 edaysarelxTaMgenHtMNag[ degree of

freedom tamTis x nig y enARtg;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;elx 2 .

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§³ vaCam:aRTIsTMhM 6 × 6 edaysarvaman degree of freedom

sRmab; truss cMnYn 6 ¬rUbTI 14-7b¦. eKRtUvbUktYEdlRtUvKñaénm:aRTIsTaMgBIrxagelIedIm,IbegáItCa
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM. eKRbEhlCaRsYlemIlCagRbsinebIeKBnøatm:aRTIs k1 nig k 2
[eTACam:aRTIs 6 × 6 . enaHeK)an
K = k1 + k 2

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -474

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
⎡ 0.333 0 − 0.333 0 0 0⎤ 1 ⎡ 0.072 0.096 0 0 − 0.072 − 0.096⎤ 1
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥⎥ 2 ⎢ 0.096 0.128 0 0 − 0.096 − 0.128⎥⎥ 2
⎢ ⎢
K = AE ⎢− 0.333 0 0.333 0 0 0⎥ 3 + AE ⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥3
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ 4 ⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥4
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ 5 ⎢− 0.072 − 0.096 0 0 0.072 0.096 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦⎥ 6 ⎣⎢− 0.096 − 0.128 0 0 0.096 0.128 ⎥⎦ 6

⎡ 0.405 0.096 − 0.333 0 − 0.072 − 0.096⎤

⎢ 0.096 0.128 0 0 − 0.096 − 0.128⎥⎥
⎢
K = AE ⎢ − 0.333 0 0.333 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢− 0.072 − 0.096 0 0 0.072 0.096 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣− 0.096 − 0.128 0 0 0.096 0.128 ⎥⎦
RbsinebIeKeFVIdMeNIrkarenHCamYynwgkMuBüÚT½r CaTUeTAeKcab;epþImCamYynwgm:aRTIs K EdlmanFatuTaMg
Gs;esμIsUnü bnÞab;mkFatuénm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsklsRmab;Ggát;Edl)anKNnarYcehIyRtUv)anCMnYs
edaypÞal;eTAkñúgTItaMgFatuEdlRtUvKñaénm:aRTIs K . kareFVIEbbenHvaRbesIrCagkarbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwg
RkajsRmab;Ggát; rUcehIyrkSavaTuk bnÞab;mkeTIbpÁúMva.

]TahrN_ 14-2³ kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab; truss EdlmanGgát;BIrdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI

14-8a. AE mantémøefr.

Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -475

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³ eTaHbICa truss Carcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTicdWeRkTImYyk¾eday Etvanwgminbgðaj

BIPaBlM)akkñúgkarTTYl)anm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§eT. eKkMNt;elxerog[tMN nig
Ggát;nImYy² ehIyeKbgðajcugCit nigcugq¶ayedayRBYjtambeNþayGgát;. dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-
8b dMbUgeKkMNt;elxerogkUd[bMlas;TIEdlminRtUv)anTb;. eKman degree of freedom cMnUn 8 dUc
enH K RtUvCam:aRTIsTMhM 8 × 8 . edIm,IrkSa[kUGredaenrbs;tMNTaMgGs;viC¢man eKRtUveRCIserIseKal
rbs;kUGredaensklenARtg; ①. eyIgnwgGnuvtþsmIkar 14-5, 14-6 nig 14-16 eTAelIGgát; nImYy².
Ggát;elx 1³ enATIenH L = 10m eyIg)an
10 − 0 0−0
λx = =1 λy = =0
10 10
1 2 6 5
⎡ 0.1 0 − 0.1 0⎤ 1
⎢ 0⎥⎥ 2
k1 = AE ⎢ 0 0 0
⎢− 0.1 0 1 0⎥ 6
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0⎦ 5

Ggát;elx 2³ enATIenH L = 10 2m dUcenH

10 − 0 10 − 0
λx = = 0.707 λy = = 0.707
10 2 10 2
1 2 7 8
⎡ 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.035⎤ 1
⎢ 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.035⎥⎥ 2
k 2 = AE ⎢ 0.035
⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 0.035 0.035 ⎥ 7
⎢ ⎥
⎣− 0.035 − 0.035 0.035 0.035 ⎦ 8

Ggát;elx 3³ enATIenH L = 10m dUcenH

0−0 10 − 0
λx = =0 λy = =1
10 10
1 2 3 4
⎡0 0 0 0 ⎤1
⎢0 0.1 0 − 0.1⎥⎥ 2
k 3 = AE ⎢
⎢0 0 0 0 ⎥3
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 − 0.1 0 0.1 ⎦ 4

Ggát;elx 4³ enATIenH L = 10m eyIg)an

10 − 0 0−0
λx = =1 λy = =0
10 10

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -476

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
3 4 7 8
⎡ 0.1 0 − 0.1 0⎤ 3
⎢ 0⎥⎥ 4
k 4 = AE ⎢ 0 0 0
⎢− 0.1 0 1 0⎥ 7
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0⎦ 8

Ggát;elx 5³ enATIenH L = 10 2m dUcenH

10 − 0 0 − 10
λx = = 0.707 λy = = −0.707
10 2 10 2
3 4 6 5
⎡ 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.035 0.035 ⎤ 3
⎢ 0.035 − 0.035⎥⎥ 4
k 5 = AE ⎢− 0.035 0.035
⎢− 0.035 0.035 0.035 − 0.035⎥ 6
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.035 0.035 ⎦ 5
Ggát;elx ^³ enATIenH L = 10m dUcenH
0−0 10 − 0
λx = =0 λy = =1
10 10
6 5 7 8
⎡ 0 0 0 0 ⎤6
⎢ 0 − 0.1⎥⎥ 5
k 6 = AE ⎢0 0.1
⎢0 0 0 0 ⎥7
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 − 0.1 0 0.1 ⎦ 8

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§³ eKGacpÁúMm:aRTIsTaMg 6 edIm,IbegáItm:aRTIsTMhM 8 × 8 edaykarbUk

bBa©ÚlFatuEdlRtUvKña. ]TahrN_ edaysar (k11 )1 = AE(0.1) / (k11 )2 = AE (0.035) / (k11 )3 =
(k11 )4 = (k11 )5 = (k11 )6 = 0 enaH K11 = AE (0.1 + 0.035) = AE (0.135) . dUcenHlT§plcugeRkayKW
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
⎡ 0.135 0.035 0 0 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 − 0.035⎤ 1
⎢ 0.035 0.135 0 − 0.1 0 0 − 0.035 − 0.035⎥⎥ 2
⎢
⎢ 0 0 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 0 ⎥3
⎢ ⎥
K = AE ⎢ 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 0 0 ⎥4
⎢ 0 0 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035 0 − 0.1 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎢ − 0.1 0 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 0 0 ⎥6
⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 0 0 0 0.135 0.035 ⎥ 7
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 0 0 − 0.1 0 0.135 0.135 ⎦⎥ 8

!$>^> karGnuvtþénviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;karviPaK truss

(Application of the stiffness method for truss analysis)
eRkayeBlbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMrYcehIy eKGaceFVI[bgÁúMkmøaMgskl Q
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -477
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

EdlmanGMeBIenAelI truss manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgbMlas;TIskl D rbs;vaedayeRbI

Q = KD (14-17)
eKGacsMKal;smIkarenHCasmIkarPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ (structure stiffness equation).
edaysareyIgEtgEtkMNt;elxkUdtUcbMputedIm,IsmÁal; degree of freedom EdlminRtUv)anTb; dUcenH
vaGnuBaØat[eyIgGacbMEbksmIkarenHkñúgTRmg;dUcxageRkam ³ *

⎡Qk ⎤ ⎡ K11 K12 ⎤ ⎡ Du ⎤

⎢Q ⎥ = ⎢ K ⎥⎢ ⎥ (14-18)
⎣ u ⎦ ⎣ 21 K 22 ⎦ ⎣ Dk ⎦
Edl bnÞúkxageRkA nigbMlas;TIEdleKsÁal;. enATIenH bnÞúkmanGMeBIenAelI truss CaEpñk
Qk , D k =

mYyéncMeNaT ehIyCaTUeTAbMlas;TIesμIsUnüedaysarTRmRtUv)anTb; dUcCaTRm

snøak; b¤TRmkl;.
Qu , Du = bnÞúk nigbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat. enATIenH bnÞúkCakmøaMgRbtikmμTRmEdleKmin

sÁal; ehIybMlas;TIKWsßitenARtg;tMNEdlminRtUv)anTb;tamTisNamYyeT.
K = m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ EdlRtUv)anbMEbkedIm,I[cuHsRmugCamYynwg

karbMEbkrbs; Q nig D .
edayBnøatsmIkar 14-18 eyIg)an
Qk = K11 Du + K12 Dk (14-19)
Qu = K 21 Du + K 22 Dk (14-20)
CaTUeTA Dk = 0 edaysarTRmminmanbMlas;TI. RbsinebIvaEbbenHEmn enaHsmIkar 14-19 køayCa
Qk = K11 Du
edaysarFatuenAkñúgm:aRTIs K11 CaersIusþg;srubenARtg;tMN truss edIm,ITb;Tl;bMlas;TIÉktþatamTI x
b¤ y enaHsmIkarxagelICakarRbmUlpþúMnUvsmIkarlMnwgkmøaMgEdlGnuvtþeTAelItMNEdlbnÞúkxageRkA
esμIsUnü b¤mantémøEdlsÁal; (Qk ) . edayedaHRsayrk Du eyIg)an
Du = [K11 ]−1 Qk (14-21)
BIsmIkarenH eyIgGacTTYl)andMeNaHRsayedaypÞal;sRmab;bMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØatTaMgGs; bnÞab;mk
edayeRbIsmIkar 14-20 CamYynwg Dk = 0 eyIg)an
Qu = K 21 Du (14-22)
BIsmIkarxagelI eyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;edayeRbIsmIkar
14-13 eBalKW

q = k ' TD

*
eyIgnwg)aneXIjBIviFIbMEbkenHenAkñúg]TahrN_xageRkam.
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -478
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
edayBnøatsmIkarenH eyIg)an
⎡DN x ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎡q N ⎤ AE ⎡ 1 − 1⎤ ⎡λ x λ y 0 0 ⎤ ⎢ D Ny ⎥
⎢ q ⎥ = L ⎢− 1 1 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 λ λ y ⎥⎦ ⎢ DFx ⎥
⎣ F⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ x
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ D Fy ⎥⎦
edaysar q N = −q F edIm,IsßanPaBlMnwg dUcenHeKRtUvkarkMNt;EtkmøaMgmYyb:ueNÑaHkñúgcMeNamkmøaMg
TaMgBIr. enATIenH eyIgnwgkMNt; q F kmøaMgEdlGnuvtþkmøaMgTajeTAelIGgát; ¬rUbTI 14-6b¦.
⎡ DN x ⎤
⎢D ⎥
qF =
AE
L
[
− λx − λ y λx ]
λy ⎢ y ⎥
N
⎢ D Fx ⎥
(14-23)
⎢ ⎥
D
⎣⎢ Fy ⎦⎥
RbsinebIlT§plEdl)anBIkarKNnamantémøGviC¢man enaHGgát;rgkarsgát;.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

xageRkamCaCMhanEdlpþl;nUvmeFüa)aysRmab;kMNt;bMlas;TI nigkmøaMgRbtikmμTRmEdlCa
GBaØatsRmab; truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj.
kareFVIkMNt;sMKal;³
 begáItRbB½n§kUGredaenskl x, y . CaTUeTAeKalrbs;vasßitenARtg;tMNNaEdleFVI[kUGr
edaensRmab;tMNdéTeTotviC¢man.
 kMNt;elxerog[tMN nigGgát;nImYy² ehIykMNt;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;nImYy² eday
eRbITisedArbs;sBaØaRBYj Edlk,alRBYjeq<aHeTArkcugq¶ay.
 kMNt;elxkUdBIrenARtg;tMNnImYy² edayeRbIelxtUcbMputsRmab;sMKal; degree of freedom
EdlminmanrgkarTb; cMENkelxFMbMputsRmab;sMKal; degree of freedom EdlmankarTb;.
 begáIt Dk nig Qk .
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM³
 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy² kMNt; λ x nig λ y ehIykMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;edayeRbI
smIkar 14-16.
 pÁúMm:aRTIsTaMgenHedIm,IbegátI m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab; truss TaMgmUl dUckarBnül;enAkñúg
kfaxNÐ 14-5. edaykarRtYtBinitükarKNnaedayEpñk m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; nig
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§RtUvEtCam:aRTIssIuemRTI.
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -479
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³
 bMEbkm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ dUcbgðajenAkñúgsmIkar 14-18.
 kMNt;bMlas;TIrbs;tMNEdlCaGBaØat Du edayeRbIsmIkar 14-21 kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm Qu eday
eRbIsmIkar 14-22 ehIykmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;nImYy² q F edayeRbIsmIkar 14-23.

]TahrN_ 14-3³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;én truss EdlmanGgát;BIrdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-9a.

AE mantémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³ eKal x, y nigkarkMNt;elxerogrbs;tMN nigGgát;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
14-9b. dUcKña cugCit nigcugq¶ayRtUv)anbgðajkMNt;edaysBaØaRBYj ehIyeKeRbIelxkUdenARtg;tMN
nImYy². tamkarGegáteyIgeXIjfabMlas;TI D3 = D4 = D5 = D6 = 0 . ehIybnÞúkxageRkAEdl
eyIgsÁal;KW Q1 = 0, Q2 = −2kN . dUcenH
⎡0 ⎤ 3
⎢0 ⎥ 4
⎡ 0 ⎤1
Dk = ⎢ ⎥ Qk = ⎢ ⎥
⎢0 ⎥ 5 ⎣− 2⎦ 2
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 ⎦ 6
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§³ edayeRbIkareFVIkMNt;smÁal;dUcKña eyIgGacbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwg
RkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§dUcbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_ 14-1.
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ edaysresrsmIkar 14-17 ¬ Q = KD ¦ sRmab; truss eyIg)an
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -480
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
⎡0⎤ ⎡ 0.405 0.096 − 0.333 0 − 0.072 − 0.096⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢ − 2⎥ ⎢ 0.096 0.128 0 0 − 0.096 − 0.128⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢ Q3 ⎥ ⎢ − 0.333 0 0.333 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ = AE ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ (1)
⎢ Q4 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ Q5 ⎥ ⎢− 0.072 − 0.096 0 0 0.072 0.096 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q6 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 0.096 − 0.128 0 0 0.096 0.128 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

BIsmIkarenH eyIgGackMNt; K11 dUcenHeyIgGackMNt; Du . eyIgeXIjfaplKuNm:aRTIs ¬dUc

smIkar 14-19¦ eyIg)an
⎡0 ⎤ ⎡0.405 0.096⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡0⎤
⎢− 2⎥ = AE ⎢0.096 0.128⎥ ⎢ D ⎥ + ⎢0⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
enATIenH eyIgGacedaHRsayy:agRsYledayBnøatedaypÞal;
0 = AE (0.405 D1 + 0.096 D2 )

− 2 = AE (0.096 D1 + 0.128D2 )
tamrUbviTüa smIkarTaMgenHtMNag[ ∑ Fx = 0 nig ∑ Fy = 0 EdlGnuvtþenARtg;tMN ②. eday
edaHRsay eyIg)an
4.505 − 19.003
D1 = D2 =
AE AE
tamkarGegátrUbTI 14-9b eKrMBwgfatMN ②nwgpøas;TIeTAsþaM nigcuHeRkamdUcbgðajedaysBaØabUk nig
sBaØadkéncemøIyenH.
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμTRmBIsmIkar (1) EdlRtUv)ansresrkñúgTRmg;
énsmIkar 14-20 ¬b¤smIkar 14-22¦ Ca
⎡Q3 ⎤ ⎡ − 0.333 0 ⎤ ⎡0 ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 ⎥ 1 ⎡ 4.505 ⎤ ⎢⎢0⎥⎥
⎥
⎢ 4 ⎥ = AE ⎢ +
⎢Q5 ⎥ ⎢− 0.072 − 0.096⎥ AE ⎢⎣− 19.003⎥⎦ ⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣Q6 ⎦ ⎣− 0.096 − 0.128⎦ ⎣0 ⎦
edayBnøat nigedaHRsaykmøaMgRbtikmμ
Q3 = −0.333(4.505) = −1.5kN

Q4 = 0

Q5 = −0.072(4.505) − 0.096(− 19.003) = 1.5kN

Q6 = −0.096(4.505) − 0.128(− 19.003) = 2.0kN

eKGacKNnakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;nImYy²BIsmIkar 14-23. edayeRbITinñn½ysRmab; λ x nig λ y enAkñúg
smIkar 14-1 eyIg)an
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -481
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Ggát;elx ! ³ λ x = 1, λ y = 0, L = 3m
⎡ 4.505 ⎤ 1
⎢ ⎥
AE 1 2 3 4 1 ⎢− 19.003⎥ 2
q1 =
3 [− 1 0 1 0] AE ⎢ 0 ⎥ 3
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦4
= [− 4.505] = −1.5kN
1
3
Ggát;elx @ ³ λ x = 0.6, λ y = 0.8, L = 5m
⎡ 4.505 ⎤ 1
AE 1 2 5 6 1 ⎢⎢− 19.003⎥⎥ 2
q2 =
5 [− 0.6 − 0.8 0.6 0.8] AE ⎢ 0 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦6
= [− 0.6(4.505) − 0.8(− 19.003)] = 2.5kN
1
5
Cak;EsþgeKGacepÞógpÞat;cemøIyTaMgenHedaysmIkarlMnwgEdlGnuvtþenARtg;tMN ②.

]TahrN_ 14-4³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;elx@ én truss dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb

TI 14-10a. AE mantémøefr.

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³tMN nigGgát;RtUv)ankMNt;elxerog ehIyeKalrbs;G½kS x, y RtUv)anbegáItenA
Rtg;tMN ① ¬rUbTI 14-10b¦. ehIysBaØaRBYjRtUv)aneKeRbIedIm,IbgðajcugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;
nImYy². edayeRbIelxkUd EdlelxtUcbMputtMNag[ degree of freedom EdlmanrgkarTb; ¬rUbTI
14-16b¦ eyIg)an
karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -482
 mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
⎡ 0 ⎤1
⎢ 0 ⎥2
⎡0 ⎤ 6 ⎢ ⎥
Dk = ⎢⎢0⎥⎥ 7 Qk = ⎢ 2 ⎥ 3
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣0⎥⎦ 8 ⎢− 4⎥ 4
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ 5

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§³ m:aRTIsenHRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúg]TahrN_ 14-2 edayeRbIkar

eFVIkMNt;smÁal;dUcKñanwgkarbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_ 14-10b.
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ sRmab;cMeNaTenH Q = KD KW
⎡0⎤ ⎡ 0.135 0.035 0 0 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 − 0.035⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0.035 0.135 0 − 0.1 0 0 − 0.035 − 0.035⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢2⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 0 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢− 4⎥ = AE ⎢ 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ D4 ⎥
(1)
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035 0 − 0.1 ⎥ ⎢ D5 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q6 ⎥ ⎢ − 0.1 0 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 0 0 0 0.135 0.035 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 7⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ Q8 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣− 0.035 − 0.035 0 0 − 0.1 0 0.035 0.135 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥

edayeFVIplKuNdUckarsresrsmIkar 14-18 edIm,IedaHRsaybMlas;TI eyIg)an

⎡0⎤ ⎡0.135 0.035 0 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡0⎤
⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0.035 0.135
⎢ 0 − 0.1 0 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢0⎥⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥ = AE ⎢ 0 0 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥ + ⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ − 4⎥ ⎢ 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035⎥ ⎢ D4 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ D5 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0⎥⎦

edayBnøat nigedayedaHRsaysmIkarsRmab;bMlas;TI eyIg)an

⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 17.94 ⎤
⎢D ⎥ ⎢ − 69.20⎥
⎢ 2⎥ 1 ⎢ ⎥
⎢ D3 ⎥ = ⎢ − 2.06 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ AE ⎢ ⎥
⎢ D4 ⎥ ⎢ − 87.14 ⎥
⎢⎣ D5 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 22.06⎥⎦

edaybegáItsmIkar 14-20 BIsmIkar (1) EdleRbIlT§plEdl)anKNna eyIg)an

⎡ 17.94 ⎤
⎢ − 69.20⎥ 0
⎡Q6 ⎤ ⎡ − 0.1 0 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035⎤
⎥ ⎡ ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ = AE ⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 1 ⎢
⎢ 7⎥ ⎢ 0 0 ⎥⎥ ⎢ − 2.06 ⎥ + ⎢0⎥
AE ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q8 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 0.035 − 0.035 0 0 − 0.1 ⎥⎦ ⎢ − 87.14 ⎥ ⎢⎣0⎥⎦
⎢⎣− 22.06⎥⎦

edayBnøat nigKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμTRm eyIg)an

Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -483
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Q6 = −4.0kN

Q7 = 2.0kN

Q8 = 4.0kN
sBaØadksRmab; Q6 bgðajfakmøaMgRbtikmμrbs;TRmkl;eFVIGMeBIkñúgTis x GviC¢man. eKGackMNt;kmøaMg
enAkñúgGgát;elx@ BIsmIkar 14-23 EdlBIsmIkar 14-2 λ x = 0.707, λ y = 0.707, L = 10 2m
dUcenH
⎡ 17.94 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
1 ⎢− 69.20⎥
q2 =
AE
[− 0.707 − 0.707 0.707 0.707]
10 2 AE ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

= 2.56kN

]TahrN_ 14-5³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;elx@ énrcnasm<½n§dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-11a. Rb

sinebIenARtg;tMN① mansRmut 25mm . yk AE = 8(103 )kN .

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³edIm,IPaBgayRsYl eKRtUvbegáIteKalrbs;kUGredaensklenARtg;tMN ③ dUc
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-11b ehIytamFmμta eKeRbIelxkUdtUcCageKedIm,ItMNag[ degree of
freedom EdlminmankarTb;. dUcenH

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -484

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
⎡ 0 ⎤3
⎢− 0.025⎥ 4
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥5 ⎡0 ⎤ 1
Dk = ⎢ ⎥ Qk = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥6 ⎣0 ⎦ 2
⎢ 0 ⎥7
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ 8
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§³ edayeRbIsmIkar 14-16 eyIg)an
Ggát;elx !³ λ x = 0 / λ y = 1 / L = 3m dUcenH
3 4 1 2
⎡0 0 0 0 ⎤3
⎢ 0 − 0.333⎥⎥ 4
k1 = AE ⎢0 0.333
⎢0 0 0 0 ⎥1
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 − 0.333 0 0.333 ⎦ 2
Ggát;elx @³ λ x = −0.8, λ y = −0.6, L = 5m dUcenH
1 5 2 6
⎡ 0.128 − 0. −
0.096
128 0.096⎤ 1
⎢ − 0.096 − 0.072⎥⎥ 2
k 2 = AE ⎢ 0.096 0.072
⎢ − 0.128 − 0.096 0.128 0.096 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎣− 0.096 − 0.072 0.096 0.072 ⎦ 6

Ggát;elx #³ λ x = 1, λ y = 0, L = 4m dUcenH
87 1 2
⎡ 0 − 0.25 0⎤ 7
0.25
⎢ 0⎥⎥ 8
k 3 = AE ⎢ 0
0 0
⎢− 0.25 0 0.25 0⎥ 1
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0⎦ 2

edaypÁúMm:aRTIsTaMgenH m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§køayCa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
⎡ 0.378 0.096 0 0 − 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.25 0⎤ 1
⎢ 0.096 0.405 0 − 0.333 − 0.096 − 0.072 0 0⎥⎥ 2
⎢
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ 3
⎢ ⎥
K=⎢ 0 − 0.333 0 0.333 0 0 0 0⎥ 4
⎢ − 0.128 − 0.096 0 0 0.128 0.096 0 0⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎢− 0.096 0.072 0 0 0.096 0.072 0 0⎥ 6
⎢ − 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0⎥ 7
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥⎦ 8

bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ enATIenH Q = KD eyIg)an

Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -485

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎡0⎤ ⎡ 0.378 0.096 0 0 − 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.25 0⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤

⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0.096 0.405 0 − 0.333 − 0.096 − 0.072 0 0⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢Q3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q4 ⎥ = AE ⎢ 0 − 0.333 0 0.333 0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢− 0.025⎥
⎢Q5 ⎥ ⎢ − 0.128 − 0.096 0 0 0.128 0.096 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q6 ⎥ ⎢− 0.096 − 0.072 0 0 0.096 0.072 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ − 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 7⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q8 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

edayedaHRsaysRmab;bMlas;TI ¬smIkar 14-19¦ eyIg)an

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢− 0.025⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎡0 ⎤ ⎡0.378 0.096⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡0 0 − 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.25 0⎤ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢0⎥ = AE ⎢0.096 0.405⎥ ⎢ D ⎥ + AE ⎢0 − 0.333 − 0.096 − 0.072 ⎢
0⎥⎦ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 0
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥
EdleyIgTTYl)an
0 = AE [(0.378 D1 + 0.096 D2 ) + 0]

0 = AE [(0.096 D1 + 0.405 D2 ) + 0.00833]

edayedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarenH eyIg)an
D1 = 0.00556m

D2 = −0.021875m
eTaHbICaeKminRtUvkarKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμTRmk¾eday EtRbsinebIcaM)ac;eKRtUvKNnavaBIkarBnøatEdl
kMNt;edaysmIkar 14-20. edayeRbIsmIkar 14-23 edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;elx @ eyIg)an
Ggát;elx @³ λ x = −0.8, λ y = −0.6, L = 5m, AE = 8(103 )kN dUcenH
⎡ 0.00556 ⎤

q2 =
8 10( ) 3
[0.8 0.6 − 0.8 − 0.6]⎢
⎢− 0.02187⎥
⎥
5 ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

=
8 10( )
3
(0.00444 − 0.0131) = −13.9kN
5
edayeRbIdMeNIrkarKNnadUcKña bgðajfakmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;elx ! KW q1 = 8.34kN ehIykmøaMgenAkñúg
Ggát;elx # KW q3 = 11.1kN . lT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;tMN ② ¬rUbTI 14-
11c¦ EdleKGacepÞógpÞat;edaysmIkarlMnwg.

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -486

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
!$>&> kUGredaenrbs; node (Nodal coordinates)
enAeBlTRmkl;rbs; truss sßitenAelIbøg;eRTt ehIyeKGackMNt;PaBdabsUnüenARtg;TRm
edayeRbIRbB½n§kUGredaenskltamTisedk nigtamTisQrEtmYy. ]TahrN_ eKman truss enAkñúgrUbTI
14-12a. eKRtUvkMNt;lkçxNÐénbMlas;TIsUnüenARtg;tMN ① tambeNþayG½kS y' ' ehIyedaysar
TRmkl;Gacpøas;TItambeNþayG½kS x' ' dUcenH node enHRtUvmanbgÁúMbMlas;TItamG½kSkUGredaen x,
y . sRmab;mUlehtuenH eyIgminGacrYmbBa©ÚllkçxNÐbMlas;TIsUnüenARtg; node enH enAeBlsresr

smIkarPaBrwgRkajsklsRmab; truss edayeRbIG½kS x, y edaymineFVI[mankarEktRmUvdMeNIrkar

viPaKm:aRTIs.

edIm,IedaHRsaycMeNaTenH eyIgGacbBa©ÚlvaeTAkñúgkarviPaKkMuBüÚT½redayRsYl eyIgnwgeRbIsMnMu

kUGredaenrbs; node x' ' , y' ' enARtg;TRmeRTt. eKRtUveFVI[G½kSTaMgenHmanTItaMgy:agNaedIm,I[
kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm nigbMlas;TIrbs;TRmpøas;TItambeNþayG½kSkUGredaennImYy² ¬rUbTI 14-12a¦.
edIm,IKNnasmIkarPaBrwgRkajsklsRmab; truss enaHeKcaM)ac;begáItm:aRTIsbMElgkmøaMg nigma:RTIs
bMElgbMlas;TIsRmab;Ggát;EdltP¢ab;eTAnwgTRmenaH dUcenHeKGaceFVIplbUklT§plTaMgenHenAkñúg
RbB½n§kUGredaenskl x, y dUcKña. edIm,IbgðajBIrebobénkarGnuvtþ eyIgRtUvBicarNaGgát; truss
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -487
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

elx! enAkñúgrUbTI 14-12b EdlmanRbB½n§kUGredaenskl x, y enARtg;cugCit N ehIyRbB½n§kUGr

edaenrbs; node x' ' , y' ' enARtg;cugq¶ay F . enAeBlbMlas;TI D ekIteLIg dUcenHBYkvamanbgÁúMtam
beNþayG½kSnImYy²dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-12c enaHbMlas;TItamTis x tambeNþaycugGgát;
nImYy²køayCa
d N = D N x cos θ x + D N y cos θ y

d F = DFx '' cos θ x '' + DFy '' cos θ y ''

eKGacsresrsmIkarTaMgenHenAkñúgTRmg;m:aRTIs
⎡ DN x ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎡ d N ⎤ ⎡λ x λ y 0 0 ⎤ ⎢ DN y ⎥
⎢d ⎥ = ⎢ 0 0 λ λ y '' ⎥⎦ ⎢ DFx '' ⎥
⎣ F⎦ ⎣ x ''
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ D Fy '' ⎥⎦
dUcKña kmøaMg q enARtg;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát; ¬rUbTI 14-12d¦ manbgÁúM Q tambeNþayG½kSskl
Q N x = q N cos θ x Q N y = q N cos θ y

QFx '' = q F cos θ x '' QFy '' = q F cos θ y ''

EdleKGacsresrCa
⎡ Q N x ⎤ ⎡λ x 0 ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ N y ⎥ = ⎢λ y 0 ⎥ ⎡ q N ⎤
⎢Q Fx '' ⎥ ⎢ 0 λ x '' ⎥ ⎢⎣ q F ⎥⎦
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q Fy '' ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 λ y '' ⎥⎦
eKeRbIm:aRTIsbMElgbMlas;TI nigm:aRTIskmøaMgenAkñúgsmIkarxagelIedIm,IbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj
sRmab;Ggát;enAkñúgsßanPaBenH. edayGnuvtþsmIkar 14-15 eyIg)an
k = T T k 'T
⎡λ x 0 ⎤
⎢λ 0 ⎥⎥ AE ⎡ 1 − 1⎤ ⎡λ x λ y 0 0 ⎤
k= ⎢ y
⎢ 0 λ x '' ⎥ L ⎣− 1 1 ⎦ ⎣ 0 0 λ x '' λ y '' ⎥⎦
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 0 λ y '' ⎦⎥
edayKNnam:aRTIsxagelI eyIgTTYl)an
⎡ λ2x λ x λ y − λ x λ x '' − λ x λ y '' ⎤
⎢ ⎥
AE ⎢ λ x λ y λ2y − λ y λ x '' − λ y λ y '' ⎥
k= (14-24)
L ⎢ − λ x λ x '' − λ y λ x '' λ2x '' λ x '' λ y '' ⎥⎥
⎢
⎢− λ x λ y '' − λ y λ y '' λ x '' λ y '' λ2y '' ⎥⎦
⎣

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -488

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
bnÞab;mkeKGaceRbIm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²EdlRtUvtP¢ab;eTAnwgTRmkl;EdleRTt
ehIydMeNIrkarpÁúMm:aRTIsedIm,IbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrcnasm<½n§GnuvtþtamdMeNIrkarbTdæan. ]Ta-
hrN_xageRkambgðajBIkarGnuvtþrbs;va.

]TahrN_ 14-6³ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmsRmab; truss dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-13a.

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³edaysarTRmkl;enARtg; ② sßitenAelIbøg;eRTt eyIgRtUveRbIkUGredaenrbs; node
enARtg; node enH. eKRtUvkMNt;elxerog[tMN nigGgát; ehIybegáItkUGredaen x, y enARtg; node ③
¬rUbTI 14-13b¦. cMNaMfa elxkUd # nig$ sßitenAtambeNþayG½kS x' ' , y' ' edIm,IeRbIlkçxNÐEdl
D4 = 0 .

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;³ eKRtUvbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;elx ! nigelx @ eday

eRbIsmIkar 14-24 edaysarGgát;TaMgenHmanelxkUdtamTisénG½kSskl nigG½kSrbs;kUd. eKRtUv
kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;elx # tamrebobFmμta.
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -489
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

Ggát;elx !³ rUbTI 14-13c/ λ x = 1, λ y = 0, λ x '' = 0.707, λ y '' = −0.707

5 6 3 4
⎡ 0.25 0 − 0.17675 0.17675⎤ 5
⎢ 0 ⎥⎥ 6
k1 = AE ⎢ 0 0 0
⎢− 0.17675 0 0.125 − 0.125 ⎥ 3
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0.17675 0 − 0.125 0.125 ⎦ 4

Ggát;elx @³ rUbTI 14-13d/ λ x = 0, λ y = −1, λ x '' = −0.707, λ y '' = −0.707

1 2 3 4
⎡0 0 0 0 ⎤1
⎢0 0.333 − 0.2357 − 0.2357⎥
k 2 = AE ⎢ ⎥2
⎢0 − 0.2357 0.1667 0.1667 ⎥ 3
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 − 0.2357 0.1667 0.1667 ⎦ 4

Ggát;elx #³ λ x = 0.8, λ y = 0.6

1 2 3 4
⎡ 0.128 0.096 − 0.128 − 0.096⎤ 5
⎢ 0.096 0.072 − 0.0.96 − 0.072⎥⎥ 6
k 3 = AE ⎢
⎢ − 0.128 − 0.096 0.128 0.096 ⎥ 1
⎢ ⎥
⎣− 0.096 − 0.072 0.0.96 0.072 ⎦ 2

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§³ pÁúMm:aRTIsTaMgenHedIm,IkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcna
sm<½n§ eyIg)an
⎡ 30 ⎤ ⎡ 0.128 0.096 0 0 − 0.128 − 0.096⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0.096 0.4053 − 0.2357 − 0.2357 − 0.096 − 0.072⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0 − 0.2357 0.2917 0.0417 − 0.17675 0 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ = AE ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q4 ⎥ ⎢ 0 − 0.2357 0.417 0.2917 0.17375 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢Q5 ⎥ ⎢− 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.17675 0.17675 0.378 0.096 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q6 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 0.096 − 0.072 0 0 0.096 0.072 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

edayeFVIplKuNm:aRTIsénm:aRTIsEpñkxagelI enaHeyIgGackMNt;bMlas;TI D EdlCaGBaØatBIkaredaH

RsayRbB½n§smIkar eBalKW
352.5
D1 =
AE
− 157.5
D2 =
AE
− 127.3
D3 =
AE
eKGacTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμ Q BIplKuNm:aRTIsénm:aRTIsxageRkamenAkñúgsmIkar (1). edayeRbI
bMlas;TIEdl)anKNna eyIg)an

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -490

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
Q4 = 0(352.5) − 0.2357(− 157.5) + 0.0417(− 127.3)

= 31.8kN
Q5 = −0.128(352.5) − 0.096(− 157.5) − 0.17675(− 127.3)

= −7.5kN
Q6 = −0.096(352.5) − 0.072(− 157.5) + 0(− 127.3)

= −22.5kN

!$>*> Trusses EdlmanbMErbMrYlsItuNðaPaB nigkMhusénplitkmμ

(Truss having thermal changes and fabrication errors)
RbsinebIGgát;xøHrbs; truss rgnUvkarlUt b¤rYjEdlbNþalBIbMErbMrYlsItuNðPaB b¤kMhusén
plitkmμ enaHeKcaM)ac;RtUveRbIviFItRmYtpledIm,ITTYl)andMeNaHRsay. vaRtUvkarbICMhan. dMbUg eK
caM)ac;RtUvKNnakmøaMgbgáb;cugEdlkarBarkarcl½trbs; node EdlbNþalBIsItuNðPaB b¤kMhusén
plitkmμ. CMhanTIBIrKWeKRtUvdak;kmøaMgEdlesμIKña b:uEnþmanTispÞúyKñaenAelI truss Rtg; node ehIyeK
RtUvKNnabMlas;TIrbs; node edayeRbIkarviPaKm:aRTIs. cugeRkay eKkMNt;kmøaMgCak;EsþgenAkñúg
Ggát; nigkmøaMgRbtikmμenAelI truss edaykareFVItRmYtplénlT§plTaMgBIrenH. Cak;Esþg eKRtUvkar
dMeNIrkarenH RbsinebI truss Carcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysþaTic. RbsinebI truss Carcnasm<½n§kMNt;
edaysþaTic eKGackMNt;bMlas;TIenARtg; node edayviFIenH b:uEnþbMErbMrYlsItuNðPaB nigkMhusén
plitkmμnwgminman\T§iBleTAelIkmøaMgRbtikmμ nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; edaysareKGacEktRmUvbERm
bRmYlRbEvgrbs;Ggát; truss edayesrI.
\T§iBlkMedA³ RbsinebIGgát; truss manRbEvg
L rgkMeNInsItuNðPaB ΔT RbEvgrbs;Ggát;

nwgmankMhUcRTg;RTay ΔL = αΔTL Edl α Ca

emKuNrIkedaysarkMedA. kmøaMgsgát; qo Edl
GnuvtþeTAelIGgát;nwgeFVI[RbEvgrbs;Ggát;rYj
)anRbEvg ΔL' = qo L / AE . RbsinebIeyIg
dak;[bMlas;TITaMgBIresμIKña enaH qo =
AEαΔT . kmøaMgenHnwgTb;Ggát;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-14 dUcenHeyIg)an

(q N )0 = AEαΔT
(q F )0 = − AEαΔT
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -491
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eKRtUvdwgfa RbsinekItmankarfykMedA enaH ΔT køayCaGviC¢man ehIykmøaMgTaMgenHnwgbRBa©asTisedA

edIm,IeFVI[Ggát;sßitenAkñúgsßanPaBlMnwg.
eyIgGacbMElgkmøaMgTaMgBIrenHeTAkñúgkUGredaenskledayeRbIsmIkar 14-10 EdleFVI[
(
⎡ QN x )0 ⎤
⎡λ x 0 ⎤ ⎡ λx ⎤
( ) ⎥⎥
⎢Q
⎢ Ny
⎢λ
0 =⎢ y
0⎥ ⎥
⎡1⎤
⎢λ ⎥
⎢ y ⎥
( )
⎢ QF ⎥ ⎢ 0 λx ⎥ AEα ΔT ⎢− 1⎥
⎣ ⎦
= AEα ΔT
⎢− λ x ⎥
(14-25)

( )
⎢ x
⎢⎣ Q Fy
0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢ 0 λ y ⎥⎦
0⎦ ⎣
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢− λ y ⎦⎥
kMhusqÁgkñúgplitkmμ³ RbsinebIeKeFVI[Ggát;EvgCaRbEvgedImedayTMhM ΔL muxeBlP¢ab;vaeTAnwg truss
enaHkmøaMg qo EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IrkSaGgát;RtwmRbEvgDIsaj L KW qo = AEΔL / L dUcenHsRmab;Ggát;enA
kñúgrUbTI 14-14 eyIg)an
AEΔL
(q N )0 =
L
AEΔL
(q F )0 =−
L
RbsinebIGgát;enHxøICagRbEvgedIm enaH ΔL køayCaGviC¢man ehIykmøaMgTaMgenHnwgbRBa©as.
enAkñúgkUGredaenskl kmøaMgTaMgenHKW
(
⎡ QN x )0 ⎤ ⎡ λx ⎤
⎢Q( )
⎢ Ny
⎥ ⎢λ ⎥
0 ⎥ = AEΔL ⎢ y ⎥
( )
⎢ QF ⎥ L ⎢− λ x ⎥
(14-26)
⎢
( ) 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
x

⎢⎣ Q ⎥ ⎢
⎣ − λ y ⎦⎥
0⎦
Fy

karviPaKm:aRTIs³ enAkñúgkrNITUeTA CamYy truss rgkmøaMgGnuvtþ bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB nigkMhusén

plitkmμ TMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMgkñúg nigbMlas;TIsRmab; truss enaHvakøayCa
Q = KD + Q0 (14-27)
enATIenH Q0 Cam:aRTIsCYrQrsRmab; truss TaMgmUlrbs;kmøaMgbgáb;cugEdlbNþalBIbERmbRmYl
sItuNðPaB nigkMhusénplitkmμrbs;Ggát;EdlkMNt;enAkñúgsmIkar 14-25 nig 14-26. eyIgGacEbg
EcksmIkarenHenAkñúgTRmg;dUcxageRkam
⎡Qk ⎤ ⎡ K11 K12 ⎤ ⎡ Du ⎤ ⎡(Qk )0 ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ = ⎢ K ⎥⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥
⎣ u ⎦ ⎣ 21 K 22 ⎦ ⎣ Dk ⎦ ⎣(Qu )0 ⎦
edayedaHRsaym:aRTIsenAGgÁxagsþaM eyIgTTYl)an
Qk = K11 Du + K 21 Dk + (Qk )0 (14-28)
Qu = K 21 Du + K 22 Dk + (Qu )0 (14-29)

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -492

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
eyagtamdMeNIrkartRmYtplEdlerobrab;xagelI eyIgGackMNt;bMlas;TI Du BIsmIkarTImYyedaydk
K12 Dk nig (Qk )0 BIGgÁTaMgBIr bnÞab;mkeyIgedaHRsay Du . eyIgTTYl)an
−1
Du = K11 (Qk − K12 Dk − (Qk )0 )
eRkayeBleyIgTTYl)anbMlas;TIrbs; node enaHeyIgGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;edayviFItRmYtpl
eBalKW
q = k ' TD + q 0
RbsinebIeyIgBnøatsmIkarenHedIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát; eyIgTTYl)an
⎡ DN x ⎤
⎢D ⎥
qF =
AE
L
[
− λx − λ y λx ]
λ y ⎢ y ⎥ − (q F )0
N
⎢ DFx ⎥
(14-30)
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ D Fy ⎥⎦
lT§plenHRsedogKñaeTAnwgsmIkar 14-23 EtvaxusKñaRtg;enATIenHvamanplbUkéntY (q F )0 EdlCa
kmøaMgbgáb;cugrbs;Ggát;EdlbNþalBIbERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB nig / b¤kMhusénplitkmμdUckMNt;dUcxag
elI. eKRtUvdwgfa RbsinebIlT§plEdlTTYl)anBIsmIkarenHmantémøGviC¢man enaHGgát;nwgrgkmøaMg
sgát;.
]TahrN_TaMgBIrxageRkam nwgbgðajBIkarGnuvtþéndMeNIrkarrbs;viFIenH.

]TahrN_ 14-7³ kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;elx ! nig

elx @ rbs; truss EdlmanTRmsnøak;dUcbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 14-15 RbsinebIeKeFVI[Ggát;elx @
xøICagmun 0.01 munnwgpÁúMvaeTAkñúg truss. yk AE =
8(10 3 )kN .

dMeNaHRsay³
edaysarGgát;manRbEvgxøI enaH ΔL = −0.01m
dUcenHGnuvtþsmIkar 14-26 eTAelIGgát;elx @ CamYy nwg λ x = −0.8, λ y = −0.6 eyIg)an
⎡ (Q1 )0 ⎤ ⎡ − 0.8⎤ ⎡ 0.0016 ⎤ 1
⎢(Q ) ⎥ ⎢− 0.6⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 0 ⎥ = AE (− 0.01) ⎢ ⎥ = AE ⎢ 0.0012 ⎥ 2
⎢(Q5 )0 ⎥ 5 ⎢ 0.8 ⎥ ⎢− 0.0016⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢(Q6 )0 ⎦⎥ ⎣ 0.6 ⎦ ⎣− 0.0012⎦ 6

Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -493

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

eK)anbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§enAkñúg]TahrN_ 14-4. edayGnuvtþsmIkar 14-27

eyIg)an
⎡0⎤ ⎡ 0.378 0.096 0 0 − 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.25 0⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.0016 ⎤
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0.096 0.405 0 − 0.333 − 0.096 − 0.072 0 ⎥ ⎢
0 ⎥ ⎢ D2 ⎥⎥ ⎢ 0.0012 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎢Q3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢Q4 ⎥ = AE ⎢ 0 − 0.333 0 0.333 0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
+ AE
⎢Q5 ⎥ ⎢− 0.128 − 0.096 0 0 0.128 0.096 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢− 0.0016⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢Q6 ⎥ ⎢− 0.096 − 0.072 0 0 0.096 0.072 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢− 0.0012⎥
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ − 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 7⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q8 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
edayEbgEckm:aRTIsenHdUcbgðaj nigedayedaHRsayplKuNm:aRTIsedIm,ITTYl)ansmIkarsRmab;
bMlas;TI eyIgTTYl)an
⎡0 ⎤
⎢0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎡0 ⎤ ⎡0.378 0.096⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡0 0 − 0.128 − 0.096 − 0.25 0⎤ ⎢0⎥ ⎡0.0016⎤
⎢0⎥ = AE ⎢0.096 0.405⎥ ⎢ D ⎥ + AE ⎢0 − 0.333 − 0.096 − 0.072 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ + AE ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 0 0 ⎦ ⎢0 ⎥ ⎣0.0012⎦
⎢0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣0⎥⎦
Edl[
0 = AE [0.378 D1 + 0.096 D2 ] + AE [0] + AE [0.0016]

0 = AE [0.096 D1 + 0.405 D2 ] + AE [0] + AE [0.0012]

edaHRsayRbB½n§smIkar eyIgTTYl)an
D1 = −0.003704 m

D2 = −0.002084 m
eTaHbICaminRtUvkar eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ Q BIkarBnøatsmIkar (1) EdlGnuvtþtamKMrUénsmIkar
14-29.

edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;elx ! nigelx @ eyIgRtUvGnuvtþsmIkar 14-30 EdlenAkñúgkrNI

enH eyIg)an
Ggát;elx !³ λ x = 0, λ y = 1, L = 3m, AE = 8(103 )kN dUcenH
⎡ 0 ⎤

q1 =
( )
8 10 3 ⎢
[0 − 1 0 1]⎢
0 ⎥
⎥ + [0]
3 ⎢− 0.003704⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣− 0.002084⎦

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -494

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
q1 = −5.56kN
Ggát;elx @³ λ x = −0.8, ( ) dUcenH
λ y = −0.6, L = 5m, AE = 8 10 3 kN
⎡− 0.003704⎤

q2 =
( )
8 10 3
⎢− 0.002084⎥
[0.8 0.6 − 0.8 − 0.6]⎢ ⎥ − 8 10 (− 0.01)
3
( )
5 ⎢ 0 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦
q 2 = 9.26kN

]TahrN_ 14-8³ Ggát;elx @ rbs; Edl truss

bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-16 rgnUvkMeNInsItuNðPaB

83.3o C . kMNt;kmøaMgEdlekItmanenAkñúgGgát;elx

@. yk α = 11.7(10 −6 )/ o C / E = 200GPa . Ggát;

nImYy²manRkLaépÞmuxkat; A = 484mm 2 .

dMeNaHRsay³
edaysar vamankMeNInsItuNðPaB ΔT = +83.3o C . GnuvtþsmIkar 14-25 eTAelIGgát;elx @ Edl
λ x = 0.707, λ y = 0.707 eyIg)an
⎡ (Q1 )0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.707 ⎤ ⎡ 0.000689325 ⎤ 1
⎢(Q ) ⎥ ⎢ 0.707 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ (Q3 )0 ⎥
( )
⎢ 2 0 ⎥ = AE (11.7 ) 10 −6 (83.3)⎢ ⎥ = AE ⎢ 0.000689325 ⎥ 2
⎢− 0.707 ⎥ ⎢− 0.000689325⎥ 7
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣(Q4 )0 ⎦ ⎣− 0.707 ⎦ ⎣− 0.000689325⎦ 8
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab; truss enHRtUv)anbegáItenAkñúg]TahrN_ 14-2.
⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.135 0.035 0 0 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 − 0.035⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.000689325 ⎤ 1
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0.035 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.000689325 ⎥ 2
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.135 0 − 0.1 0 0 − 0.035− 0.035⎥ ⎢ D 2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 0 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥3
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥ = AE ⎢ 0 − 0.1 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035 0.035 0 ⎥ ⎢ D4 ⎥
+ AE ⎢ ⎥4
0 0
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 − 0.035 0 − 0.1 ⎥ ⎢ D5 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥5
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢Q 6 ⎥ ⎢ − 0.1 0 − 0.035 0.035 − 0.035 0.135 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥6
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 − 0.1 0 0 0 0.135 0.035 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢− 0.000689325⎥ 7
⎢ 7⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢Q8 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢− 0.035 − 0.035 0 0 − 0.1 0 0.035 0.135 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢− 0.000689325⎦⎥ 8

edayBnøatedIm,IkMNt;smIkarbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat nigedayedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarenH eyIg)an

D1 = −0.002027 m

D2 = −0.01187 m
D3 = −0.002027 m
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -495
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

D4 = −0.009848m

D5 = −0.002027 m
edayeRbIsmIkar 14-30 edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát;elx @ eyIg)an
⎡− 0.002027 ⎤
⎢ − 0.01187 ⎥
484[200]
q2 =
10 2
[− 0.707 − 0.707 0.707 0.707]⎢
⎢ 0
⎥ − 484(200 )11.7 10 −6 (83.3)
⎥
[ ( )]
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

= −27.09kN
cMNaMfa kMeNInsItuNðPaBénGgát;elx @ nwgmineFVI[mankmøaMgRbtikmμenAelI truss eT edaysarva Ca
truss kMNt;edaysþaTic. edIm,IbgðajBIkarBicarNakarBnøatm:aRTIsénsmIkar (1) edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMg

Rbtikmμ. edayeRbIlT§plsRmab;bMlas;TI eyIg)an

Q6 = AE [− 0.1(− 0.002027 ) + 0 − 0.035(− 0.002027 ) + 0.035(− 0.009828) − 0.035(− 0.002027 )]

+ AE [0] = 0
Q7 = AE [− 0.035(− 0.002027 ) − 0.035(− 0.01187 ) − 0.1(− 0.002027 ) + 0 + 0]

+ AE [− 0.000689325] = 0

Q8 = AE [− 0.035(− 0.002027 ) − 0.035(− 0.01187 ) + 0 + 0 − 0.1(− 0.002027 )]

+ AE [− 0.000689325] = 0

!$>(> karviPaK truss kñúglMh (Space-truss analysis)

eKGacviPaK truss kñúglMhkMNt;edaysþaTic nig truss kñúglMhminkMNt;edaysþaTicedayeRbI
dMeNIrkarviPaKdUcKñaEdl)anerobrab;BIelIkmun. b:uEnþ edIm,IKitG½kSTaMgbI eKRtUvbBa©ÚlFatubEnßmeTAkñúg
m:aRTIsbMElg T . edIm,ITTYl)anva eyIgnwgBicarNaGgát; truss EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 14-17.
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;EdlkMNt;edayeRbIkUGredaentMbn; x' RtUv)an[edaysmIkar 14-4.
elIsBIenH tamkarGegátrUbTI 14-17 eKGackMNt;kUsIunUsR)ab;TiscenøaHkUGredaenskl nigkUGr-
edaentMbn;edayeRbIsmIkarRsedogKñanwgsmIkar 14-5 nig 14-6 Edl
xF − xN xF − xN
λ x = cos θ x = = (14-31)
L (x F − x N )2 + ( y F − y N )2 + ( z F − z N )2
yF − yN yF − yN
λ y = cos θ y = = (14-32)
L (x F − x N ) + ( y F − y N ) + (z F − z N )
2 2 2

karviPaK truss edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -496

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
zF − zN zF − zN
λ z = cos θ z = = (14-33)
L (x F − x N ) + ( y F − y N )2 + (z F − z N )2
2

CalT§plénTMhM ¬G½kS¦TIbI m:aRTIsbMElg ¬smIkar 14-9¦ køayCa

⎡λ x λ y λ z 0 0 0 ⎤
T =⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 λx λ y λz ⎦
edayCMnYsm:aRTIsenH nigsmIkar 14-4 eTAkñúgsmIkar 14-15 ¬ K = T T k 'T ¦ eyIg)an
⎡λ x 0⎤
⎢λ 0 ⎥⎥
⎢ y
⎢λ 0 ⎥ AE ⎡ 1 − 1⎤ ⎡λ x λ y λ z 0 0 0 ⎤
k=⎢ z ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢0 λ x ⎥ L ⎢⎣− 1 1 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 0 0 λ x λ y λ z ⎦
⎢0 λy ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 λ z ⎥⎦
edayedaHRsayplKuNm:aRTIs eyIgnwgTTYl)anm:aRTIssIuemRTI
Nx Ny Nz Fx Fy Fz
⎡ λ2x λxλ y λxλz − λ2x − λxλ y − λxλz ⎤ N x
⎢ ⎥
⎢ λ y λx λ2y λ y λ z − λ y λ x − λ2y − λ y λ z ⎥ N y
AE ⎢
k= λz λx λz λ y λ2z − λ z λ x − λ z λ y − λ2z ⎥⎥ N z (14-34)
L ⎢
⎢ − λ2x − λxλ y − λxλz λ2x λ x λ y λ x λ z ⎥ Fx
⎢ ⎥
⎢− λ y λ x − λ2y − λ y λz λ y λx λ2y λ y λ z ⎥ Fy
⎢− λ λ − λz λ y − λ2z λz λx λz λ y λ2z ⎥⎦ Fz
⎣ z x
smIkarenHCam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;Edlsresr
edayeRbIkUGredaenskl. elxkUdtam beNþayCYredk
nigCYrQrtMNag[Tis x, y, z enARtg;cugCit N x , N y ,
N z Edlbnþedaycugq¶ay Fx , F y , Fz .

sRmab;karsresrkmμviFIkMuBüÚT½r CaTUeTAvaman
lkçN³gayRsYlkñúgkareRbIsmIkar 14-34 CagkaredaH
RsayplKuNm:aRTIs T T k 'T sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
dUckarerobrab;BIxagedIm dMbUgkMuBüÚT½rnwg rkSam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm½<n§ K EdlmanFatu
esμIsUnü bnÞab;mkeTotedaysarFatunImYy² énm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;RtUv)anbegáIt vaRtUv
)andak;eTAkñúgTItaMgRtUvKñarbs;vaenAkñúgm:aRTIs K . eRkayeBlFaturbs;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;
rcnasm<½n§RtUv)anbegáIt eKGacGnuvtþdMeNIrkar Edl)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 14-6 edIm,IkMNt;
bMlas;TIrbs;tMN kmøaMgRbtikmμ nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;.
Truss analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -497
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT

14>1 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;eRKOg 14>5 kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrenARtg;tMN ④

bgÁúM. yk A = 300mm 2 nig E = 200GPa nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;elx $ éncMeNaT 14>4.
sRmab;Ggát;. yk A = 0.0015m 2 nig E = 200GPa .
14>6 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
truss. yk A = 0.005m 2 nig E = 200GPa .

snμt; tMNTaMgGs;tP¢ab;edaysnøak;.

14>2 kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedk nigTisQr

enARtg;tMN ③ rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMenAkñúgcMeNaT
14>1.
14>3 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;nImYy²rbs;eRKOg
bgÁúMenAkñúgcMeNaT 14>1.
14>4 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
truss. yk A = 300mm 2 nig E = 200GPa 14>7 kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisQrenARtg;tMN ①
sRmab; Ggát;. nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;elx @ éncMeNaT 14>6.
14>8 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
truss. yk A = 0.0015m 2 nig E = 200GPa

sRmab; Ggát;.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -498

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
14>12 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;elx @ nig elx
% éncMeNaT 14>11. AE CacMnYnefr.
14>13 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
truss. yk A = 1000mm 2 nig E = 200GPa .

14>9 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;elx ^ éncMeNaT

14>8. yk A = 0.0015m 2 nig E = 200GPa
sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
14>10 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;elx ! éncMeNaT 14>14 kMNt;bMlas;TItamTisedkenARtg;tMN
14>8 RbsinebI Ggát;EvgCagmun10mm munnwg ① nigkmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;elx @ éncMeNaT

P¢ab;vaeTAkñúg truss. edIm,IedaHRsay dkbnÞúk 14>13. yk A = 1000mm 2 nig E =

10kN ecj. yk A = 0.0015m 2 nig E = 200GPa .

200GPa sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². 14>15 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgénGgát;elx @éncMeNaT

14>11 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab; 14>8 RbsinebIsItuNðPaBekIneLIg 55o C .
truss. AE CacMnYnefr. yk A = 1000mm 2 E = 200GPa nig α =
11.7(10 −6 )/ o C .

14>16 kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenAelI truss. AE

CacMnYnefr.

Problems T.Chhay -499

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cMeNaT T.Chhay -500

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!%> karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj
(Beam analysis using the stiffness method)

emeronenHnwgbgðajBIeKalKMnitEdlerobrab;enAkñúgemeronmunedIm,IviPaKFñwm. eyIgeXIjfa enA

eBlEdleKbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; nigm:aRTIsbMElg dMeNIrkarsRmab;karGnuvtþmanlkçN³
RsedogKñanwgkarGnuvtþsRmab; truss. emeronenHnwgbgðajBIkrNIBiesssRmab;sRmutDIepr:g;Esül
nigsItuNðPaB.

!%>!> kMNt;cMNaMbzm (preliminary remarks)

munnwgeyIgbgðajBIrebobEdlviFIPaBrwgRkajGnuvtþeTAelIFñwm dMbUgeyIgnwgerobrab;BIeKalKMnit
bzm nigniymn½yEdlerobrab;eTAnwgGgát;TaMgenH.
karkMNt;sMKal; node nigGgát;³ edIm,IGnuvtþviFIPaBrwgRkajeTAelIFñwm dMbUgeyIgRtUvEtkMNt;BIrebobbMEbk
FñwmCabgÁúMFatuGnnþtUc (finite element). CaTUeTA FatunImYy²minRtUvTak;TgnwgbnÞúkeT ehIyRtUvmanmux
kat;efr. sRmab;mUlehtuenH node rbs;FatuRtUvEtsßitenARtg;TMr b¤Rtg;cMNucEdlGgát;P¢ab;Kña Rtg;bnÞúk
Gnuvtþ Rtg;RkLaépÞmuxkat;pøas;bþÚrPøam² b¤Rtg;cNM ucEdleKRtUvkMNt;bMlas;TImMu. ]TahrN_ eKmanFñwm
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-1a. edayeRbIviFIdUcKñasRmab;karviPaK truss eKRtUvkMNt; node bYnCaelxeday
dak;kñúgrgVg;. dUcKña cMNaMfa cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;nImYy²RtUv)ankMNt;sMKal;edaysBaØaRBYjtam
beNþayGgát;nImYy².

kUGredaenskl nigkUGredaen³ eyIgnwgkMNt;RbB½n§kUGredaenskledayeRbIG½kS x, y, z EdleKalrbs;

vasßitenARtg; node EdleFVIeGaykUGredaenrbs;cMNucdéTeTotenAelIFñwmviC¢man ¬rUbTI 15-1a¦. kUGr-
Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -501
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edaentMbn; nigkUGredaensRmab;Ggát; x' , y' , z' maneKalrbs;vasßitenAcugCitrbs;Ggát;nImYy² G½kSviC¢-

man x' manTisedAeTArkcugq¶ay. rUbTI 15-1b bgðajkUGredaenTaMgenHsRmab;Ggát;elx @. enAkñúgkrNI
TaMgBIr eyIg)aneRbIRbB½n§kUGredaenédsþaM dUcenHRbsinebIeyIgbgVilédsþaMBIG½kS x b¤ x' eTAG½kS y b¤ y'
eyIgnwgTTYl)anG½kS z b¤ z' viC¢man EdlmanTisedAecjBIRkdasesovePA. cMNaMfa sRmab;Ggát;Fñwm
nImYy²G½kS x nig x' nwgsßitenAelIG½kSEtmYy ehIykUGredaenskl nigkUGredaensRmab;Ggát;TaMgGs;suT§
EtRsbKña. dUcenH ¬mindUckrNIsRmab; truss¦ enATIenH eyIgnwgmincaM)ac;begáItm:aRTIsbMElgrvagRbB½n§
kUGredaenTaMgenH.
PaBminkMNt;sIueNm:aTic³ eRkayeBlGgát; nig node RtUv)ankMNt; nigeRkayeBlRbB½n§kUGredaenskl
RtUv)anbegáIt eKGackMNt; degree of freedom nigPaBminkMNt;sIueNm:aTicsRmab;Fñwm. RbsinebIeyIg
KitTaMg\T§iBlm:Um:g;Bt; nigkmøaMgkat; enaH node nImYy²enAelIFñwmGaclman degree of freedom BIreBal
KW bMlas;TItamTisQr nigmMurgVil. dUcenAkñúgkrNIrbs; truss eKGackMNt;bMlas;TITaMgenHedayelxkUd.
eyIgeRbIelxkUdtUcbMputedIm,IeFVIkMNt;sMKal;bMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat ¬degree of freedom Edlminmankar
Tb;¦ ehIyeyIgeRbIelxFMbMputedIm,IeFVIkMNt;sMKal;bMlas;TIEdleyIgsÁal; ¬degree of freedom Edlman
karTb;¦. rMlwkfa mUlehtukñúgkareRCIserIsviFIénkareFVIkMNt;sMKal; eyIgRtUveFVIkarEbgEckm:aRTIsPaBrwg
RkajsRmab;rcnasm½<n§eGay)anRsYl dUcenHeyIgGacKNnabM;las;TIEdlCaGBaØattamrebobedaypÞal;
bMput.

edIm,Ibgðaj]TahrN_kñúgkardak;elxkUd eyIgnwgBicarNaFñwmCab;mþgeTotenAkñúgrUbTI 15-1a. enA

TIenH FñwmCarcnasm<½n§minkMNt;edaysIueNm:aTicdWeRkTIbYn. eKman degree of freedom cMnYnR)aMbI Edl
elxkUd ! dl;elxkUd $ tMNageGaybMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat ehIyelxkUd % dl;elxkUd * tMNageGay
bMlas;TIEdleKsÁal; ¬EdlenAkñúgkrNIenHvasuT§EtmantémøesμIsUnü¦. ]TahrN_epSgeTot eKGacbMEbk
FñwmenAkñúgrUb TI 15-2a CabIGgát; nigbYn node. cMNaMfa snøak;enARtg; node elx # dabdUcGgát;elx @

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -502

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

nigelx # b:uEnþmMurgVilenARtg;cugGgát;nImYy²mantémøxusKña. enATIenH eKman degree of freedom cMnYn

R)aMbYn EdlenAkñúgenaH degree of freedom R)aMCaGBaØat ¬dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-2b¦ ehIy degree of
freedom cMnYnbYnRtUv)ansÁal; ¬vaTaMgGs;suT§EtesμIsUnü¦. cugeRkay BicarNakarrGil ¬slider mechanism¦

EdleRbIenAelIFñwmenAkñúgrUbTI 15-3a. enATIenH PaBdabrbs;FñwmRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-3b dUc

enHeKmanbgÁúMPaBdabEdlCaGBaØatcMnUnR)aMEdlRtUv)ankMNt;elxerogCamYynwgelxkUdtUcbMput. FñwmCa
eRKOgbgÁúMminkMNt;edaysIueNm:aTicdWeRkTIR)aM.

karbegáItviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;FñwmmanlkçN³RsedogeTAnwgdMeNIrkarkñúgkarbegáItPaBrwgRkaj
EdleRbIsRmab; truss. dMbUg eyIgRtUvbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;nImYy² ehIybnÞab;mkpÁúMm:aRTIs
TaMgenHedIm,IbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Fñwm b¤m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm½<n§. edayeRbIsmIkar
m:aRTIssRmab;rcnasm<½n§ eyIgGacbnþkarKNnaedIm,IkMNt;bM;las;TIEdlCaGBaØatenARtg; node ehIyBIkar
kMNt;enH eyIgGackMNt;RbtikmμenAelIFñwm nigkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;enARtg; node.

!%>@> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;Fñwm (Beam-member stiffness matrix)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;FñwmEdlmanRkLaépÞmuxkat;efr nig
manRbB½n§kUGredaentMbn; x' , y' , z' ¬rUbTI 15-4¦. eKRtUvdak;eKalrbs;kUGredaenenARtg;cugCit N
ehIyG½kSviC¢manrbs; x' manTisedAeTArkcugq¶ay F . eKmankmøaMgRbtikmμBIrenARtg;cugnImYy²rbs;Ggát;
EdlmankmøaMgkat; q N nig q F nigm:Um:g;Bt; q N nig q F . bnÞúkTaMgenHeFVIGMeBItamTisedAkUGredaenviC¢-
z' y' z' z'

man. m:Um:g; q N nig q F viC¢manvilRcasTisRTnicnaLika tamviFanédsþaMviucT½rm:Um:g;manTistambeNþay

z' z'

G½kSviC¢man z' EdlmanTisecjBIRkdasesovePA.

Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -503

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

bMlas;TIlIenEG‘r nigbMlas;TImMuEdlpSMCamYynwgbnÞúkTaMgenHk¾GnuvtþtamkarkMNt;sBaØaviC¢mandUc
Kña. enATIenH eyIgnwgdak;bMlas;TITaMgenHdac;edayELkBIKña ehIybnÞab;mkkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIenAelI
Ggát;EdlbNþalBIbMlas;TInImYy².

bMlas;TI y' ³ enAeBleKeFVIeGaymanbMlas;TIviC¢man d N xN³eBlEdleKGackarBarbMlas;TIEdlGac

y'

ekItman eKGacbegáItkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-5a. m:Um:g;RtUv)anbegáItenAkñúg

kfaxNÐ 11-2 dUcsmIkar 11-5. dUcKña enAeBleKeFVIeGayman d F eyIgTTYl)ankmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;dUc
y'

bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-5b.

mMurgVil z' ³ RbsinebIeKeFVIeGaymanmMurgVil d N xN³bMlas;TIEdlGacekItmanTaMgGs;RtUv)ankarBar

z'

kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVIeGaymankMhUcRTg;RTayRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-6a. m:Um:g;

RtUv)anbegáItenAkñúgkfaxNÐ 11-2 dUcsmIkar 11-1 nig 11-2. dUcKña enAeBleKeFVIeGayekItman d F bnÞúk z'

pÁÜbRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-6b.

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -504

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

edayviFItRmYtpl RbsinebIeKbUklT§plenAkñúgrUbTI 15-5 nig 15-6 bBa©ÚlKña eyIgGacsresr

TMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigbMlas;TITaMgbYnsRmab;Ggát;enAkñúgTRmg;m:aRTIsCa
N y' N z' F y' Fz'
⎡ 12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI ⎤
⎢ 3
− ⎥
⎡q N y ' ⎤ ⎢ 6LEI L2 L3 L2 ⎥ d
⎢q ⎥ ⎢ 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI ⎥ ⎡ N y ' ⎤
− 2 ⎢ ⎥
⎢ N z ' ⎥ = ⎢ L2 L L L ⎥⎢d Nz' ⎥ (15-1)
⎢ q Fy ' ⎥ ⎢ 12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI ⎥ ⎢ d ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢− 3 − 2 3
− 2 ⎥ ⎢ Fy ' ⎥
⎢⎣ q Fz ' ⎥⎦ ⎢ L L L L ⎥⎢ d F ⎥
⎢ 6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI ⎥ ⎣ z ' ⎦
− 2
⎢⎣ L2 L L L ⎥⎦
eyIgk¾GacsresrsmIkarTaMgenHkñúgTRmg;kat;dUcxageRkam
q = kd (15-2)
m:aRTIssIuemRTI k enAkñúgsmIkar15-1 Cam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;. emKuN\T§iBl kij TaMg
16 EdlpSMCam:aRTIs k )anKitbBa©ÚlbMlas;TIEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;rbs;Ggát;. tamrUbviTüa

emKuNTaMgenHCabnÞúkenAelIGgát; enAeBlGgát;rgbM;las;TIÉktþa. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI d N = 1 ¬rUbTI 15

y'

-5a¦ xN³EdlbMlas;TIdéTeTotesμIsUnü Ggát;nwgrgEtbnÞúkbYnEdlbgðajenAkñúgCYrQrTImYyrbs;m:aRTIs

k . tamrebobdUcKña CYrQrdéTeTotrbs;m:aRTIs k CabnÞúkenAelIGgát;sRmab;bMlas;TIÉktþaEdlkMNt;

edayelxkUd degree of freedom RtUv)anbgðajBIxagelICYrQr. BIkarbegáItenH eKRtUvbMeBjlkçxNÐ

lMnwg niglkçxNÐRtUvKña. dUcKña eyIgRtUvcMNaMfam:aRTIsenHdUcKñasRmab;kUGredaenskl nigkUGredaentMbn;
edaysarG½kS x' , y' , z' RsbnwgG½kS x, y, z dUcenHeKminRtUvkarm:aRTIsbMElgrvagkUGredaenTaMgBIr
eT.

!%>#> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMFñwm (Beam-structure stiffness matrix)

eRkayeBlrkma:RTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; eyIgRtUvpÁúMvaeTAkñúgm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;
eRKOgbgÁúM K . dMeNIrkarenHGaRs½ynwgkarsÁal;TItaMgrbs;FatunImYy²enAkñúgm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;
Ggát;CadMbUg. enATIenH CYredk nigCYrQrrbs;m:aRTIs k nImYy² ¬smIkar 15-1¦ RtUv)ankMNt;edayelx
kUdBIrRtg;cugCitrbs;Ggát; ¬ N y' , N z' ¦ EdlbnþedayelxkUdBIrRtg;cugq¶ay ¬ Fy' , Fz' ¦. dUcenH enA
eBlpÁúMm:aRTIs eKRtUvdak;FatunImYy²enATItaMgdUcKñarbs;m:aRTIs K . tamviFIenH K RtUvmanlMdab;esμInwgelx
kUdFMbMputEdlRtUv)ankMNt;eTAelIFñwm edaysarvaCaelxsrubén degree of freedom. dUcKña enATItaMg
Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -505
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

EdlGgát;CaeRcInP¢ab;Kñanwg node, emKuN\T§iBlPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; (member stiffness influence

coefficients) nwgmanTItaMgdUcKñaenAkñúgm:aRTIs K dUcenHvaRtUv)anbUkbBa©ÚlKñatamlkçN³nBVnþedIm,IkMNt;

emKuN\T§iBlPaBrwgRkajén node sRmab;rcnasm<½n§. eKcaM)ac;RtUveFVIEbbenH edaysaremKuNnImYy²Ca

ersIusþg;rbs; node énrcnasm<½n§enAkñúgTisedA ¬ y' b¤ z' ¦ enAeBlekItmanbMlas;TIÉktþa ¬ y' b¤ z' ¦ enA
Rtg; node dEdl b¤Rtg; node déT. ]TahrN_ K 23 CabnÞúktamTis nigenARtg;TItaMgénelxkUd@ enAeBl
bMlas;TIÉktþaekItmantamTis nigenARtg;TItaMgénelxkUd #.

!%>$> karGnuvtþénviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;karviPaKFñwm
(Application of the stiffness method for bema analysis)
eRkayeBleKkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§rYcehIy eKGacP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk
enARtg; node rbs;FñwmeTAnwgbMlas;TIedayeRbIsmIkarPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§
Q = KD
enATIenH Q nig D Cam:aRTIsCYrQrEdltMNageGaybnÞúk nigbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat nigEdlsÁal;.
karbMEbkm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajeGayeTACaFatuénbnÞúk nigbMlas;TIEdlsÁal; nigGBaØat eyIgTTYl)an
⎡Qk ⎤ ⎡ K11 K12 ⎤ ⎡ Du ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ = ⎢ K ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣ u ⎦ ⎣ 21 K 22 ⎦ ⎣ Dk ⎦
enAeBleyIgBnøatm:aRTIsxagelI eyIgnwgTTYl)ansmIkarBIrKW
Qk = K11 Du + K12 Dk (15-3)
Qu = K 21 Du + K 22 Dk (15-4)
eKGackMNt;bMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØatBIsmIkarTImYy. edayeRbIsmIkarTaMgenH eyIgGacKNnakmøaMgRbtikmμ
TMr Qu BIsmIkarTIBIr.
bnÞúkEdlenAkNþal³ sRmab;karGnuvtþ eKcaM)ac;eGayFaturbs;FñwmminrgbnÞúktambeNþayFñwm edaysar
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;RtUv)anbegáItsRmab;bnÞúkEdlGnuvtþEtenAxagcugrbs;va ¬emIlrUbTI 15-
4¦. b:uEnþ eBlxøHFñwmRtUvRTbnÞúkBRgay dUcenHeKRtUvkarEktRmUvlkçxNÐenHedIm,IGnuvtþkarviPaKeday
m:aRTIs.
edIm,IedaHRsaykrNIenH eyIgnwgeRbIeKalkarN_tRmYtpltamrebobRsedogKñaeTAnwgGIVEdl)an
eRbIsRmab; truss Edl)anerobrab;enAkñúgkfaxNÐ 14-8. edIm,IbgðajBIkarGnuvtþrbs;va BicarNaFaturbs;

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -506

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

FñwmEdlmanRbEvg L dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-7a EdlrgbnÞúkBRgayesμI w . dMbUg eyIgnwgGnuvtþkmøaMg

bgáb;cug nigm:Um:g;bgáb;cugeTAelIGgát; EdlvaRtUv)aneKeRbIenAkñúgviFIPaBrwgRkaj ¬rUbTI 15-7b¦. eyIgnwg
sresrbnÞúkTaMgenHCam:aRTIsCYrQr q0 . bnÞab;mkeTot eyIgGnuvtþbnÞúkBRgayesμI nigkmøaMgRbtikmμ q0
rbs;va ¬rUbTI 15-7c¦. eKkMNt;bnÞúkCak;EsþgenAkñúgFñwmedayeFVIplbUkeTAelIlT§plTaMgBIr. kmøaMg
Rbtikmμbgáb;cugsRmab;krNIbnÞúkdéTeTotRtUv)aneGayenAkñúgemeronTI11. bEnßmelIkaredaHRsaycMeNaT
EdlBak;B½n§nwgbnÞúkxagdUckrNIenH eyIgk¾GaceRbIviFIenHedIm,IedaHRsaycMeNaTEdlBak;B½n§nwgbERmbRmYl
sItuNðPaB b¤kMhuskñúgplitkmμ.

kmøaMgkñúgGgát;³ eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;FñwmnImYy²edayeRbIsmIkar 15-2

ehIybUkbEnßmkmøaMgRbtikmμbgáb;cug q0 RbsinebIGgát;rgbnÞúkenAkNþal. eyIgman
q = kd + q0 (15-5)
RbsinebIlT§plGviC¢man vabgðajfabnÞúkeFVIGMeBIpÞúynwgTisedAEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-4.

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

viFIxageRkampþl;nUvmeFüa)ayedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI RbtikmμTRm kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát; b¤FatuGnnþtUc
rbs;FñwmkMNt;edaysþaTic b¤FñwmminkMNt;edaysþaTic.
kareFVIkMNt;sMKal;³
Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -507
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

 bMEbkFñwmCaFatuGnnþtUc ehIykMNt;elxerogeGayFatunImYy² nig node nImYy²rbs;va. eRbIelx

EdlsresrkñúgrgVg;sRmab; node nigelxkñúgkaersRmab;Ggát; b¤Fatu. CaTUeTAGgát; b¤FatusßitenA
cenøaHTRm b¤enAcenøaHbnÞúkcMcMNuc b¤enAcenøaHtMN b¤enAcenøaHcMNucEdleKRtUvkarkMNt;kmøaMgkñúg
b¤bMlas;TI.
 kMNt;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát;edaysBaØaRBYjEdlsßitenAelIGgát; ehIymanTisedAeTArkcug
q¶ay.
 enARtg; node nImYy² kMNt;elxkUdtamTis y nigtamTis z . enARKb;krNITaMgGs;eRbIelxkUdtUc
bMputedIm,IsMKal; degree of freedom EdlminmankarTb; ehIybnþedayelxbnþbnÞab; b¤elxEdl
FMbMputedIm,IsMKal; degree of freedom EdlmankarTb;.
 begáItm:aRTIsbMlas;TIEdlsÁal; Dk nigm:aRTIsbnÞúkEdlsÁal; Qk . KitbBa©Úlm:aRTiscRmas;én
bnÞúkbgáb;cug RbsinebIGgát;rgbnÞúk.
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm½<n§³
 GnuvtþsmIkar 15-1 edIm,IkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;FatunImYy²edayeRbIkUGredaenskl.
 eRkayeBlkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; ehIyCYredk nigCYrQrRtUv)ankMNt;CamYynwg
elxkUdsmRsb pÁúMm:aRTIsedIm,ITTYl)anm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ K . sRmab;kar
epÞógpÞat;edayEpñk m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; nigm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§RtUv
EtCam:aRTIssIuemRTI.
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³
 bMEbksmIkarPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§CaRkum ehIyeFVIRbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIsedIm,IkMNt;
bMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat Du nigkmøaMgRbtikmμTRm Qu .
 eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g; q enARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;FñwmnImYy²BIsmIkar 15-5 edayKitbBa©Úl
TaMgbnÞúkbgáb;cug.

]TahrN_ 15-1³
kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;TRmrbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-8a. EI CacMnYnefr.

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -508

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³ FñwmmanFatuBIr nig node bI EdlRtUv)ankMNt;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-8b. eKeRbI
elxkUd 1 dl;elxkUd$ sRmab;kMNt; degree of freedom EdlminrgkarTb;.
m:aRTIsbnÞúkEdlsÁal; nigbMlas;TIEdlsÁal;KW
⎡ 0 ⎤1
⎢− 5⎥ 2
⎡0⎤ 5
Qk = ⎢ ⎥ Dk = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥3 ⎣0⎦ 6
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦4
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;³ eKkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;TaMgBIrBIsmIkar 15-1. eyIg
RtUvcMNaMBIrebobbegáItelxkUdsRmab;CYredk nigCYrQr.
6 4 5 3 5 3 2 1
⎡ 1.5 1.5 − 1.5 1.5 ⎤ 6 ⎡ 1.5 1.5 − 1.5 1.5 ⎤ 5
⎢ − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ 4 ⎢ − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ 3
k1 = EI ⎢ 1.5 2 k 2 = EI ⎢ 1.5 2
⎢ − 1.5 − 1.5 1 . 5 − 1 . 5⎥ 5 ⎢ − 1.5 − 1.5 1.5 − 1.5⎥ 2
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1.5 1 − 1.5 2 ⎦ 3 ⎣ 1.5 1 − 1.5 2 ⎦ 1
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ eyIgGacpÁúMFatuTaMgenHeTAkñúgm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§. ]TahrN_ Fatu
K11 = 0 + 2 = 2, K 55 = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3 .l. dUcenH

Q = KD
1 2 3 4 5 6
⎡0⎤ ⎡ 2 − 1.5 1 0 1.5 0 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢ − 5⎥ ⎢− 1.5 1.5 − 1.5 0 − 1.5 0 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢ 0 ⎥ = EI ⎢ 1 − 1.5 4 1 0 1.5 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0 0 1 2 − 1.5 1.5 ⎥ ⎢ D4 ⎥
⎢Q5 ⎥ ⎢ 1.5 − 1.5 0 − 1.5 3 − 1.5⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢Q6 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 0 1.5 1.5 − 1.5 1.5 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥

m:aRTIsRtUv)anbMEbkCaRkumdUcbgðaj. edayedaHRsayplKuNsRmab;CYredkbYndMbUg eyIgTTYl)an

Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -509
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

0 = 2 D1 − 1.5D2 + D3 + 0
5
− = −1.5D1 + 1.5D2 − 1.5D3 + 0
EI
0 = D1 − 1.5D2 + 4 D3 + D4

0 = 0 + 0 + D3 + 2 D2
edayedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarxagelI eyIgTTYl)an
16.67
D1 = −
EI
26.67
D2 = −
EI
6.67
D3 = −
EI
3.33
D4 =
EI
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH ehIyedayKuNCYrQrTaMgBIrxageRkay eyIg)an
⎛ 16.67 ⎞ ⎛ 26.67 ⎞ ⎛ 3.33 ⎞
Q5 = 1.5 EI ⎜ − ⎟ − 1.5EI ⎜ − ⎟ + 0 − 1.5 EI ⎜ ⎟
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠

= 10kN
⎛ 6.67 ⎞ ⎛ 3.33 ⎞
Q6 = 0 + 0 + 1.5 EI ⎜ − ⎟ + 1.5 EI ⎜ ⎟
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠

= −5kN

]TahrN_ 15-2³
kMNt;kmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;enAkñúgGgát;elx ! rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-9a. EI CacMnYnefr.

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -510

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³ enAkñúgkrNIenH Fñwmman degree of freedom EdlCaGBaØatcMnUnEtBIrb:ueNÑaHEdlman
bgðajelxkUd ! nig @ ¬rUbTI 15-9b¦. cMNaMfa bnÞúk M 0 manTMhMGviC¢man. m:aRTIsbnÞúk nigm:aRTIs
bMlas;TIEdlCasmμtikmμKW
⎡0 ⎤ 3
⎢0 ⎥ 4
⎡ 0 ⎤1
Qk = ⎢ ⎥ Dk = ⎢ ⎥
⎣− M 0 ⎦ 2 ⎢0 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 ⎦ 6
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;³ edayGnuvtþsmIkar 15-1 eTAelIGgát;nImYy² edayeyageTAelIelxkUd
EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-9b eyIg)an
5 6 4 1 4 1 3 2
⎡ 12 6 12 6 ⎤5 ⎡ 12 6 12 6 ⎤4
⎢ 3 2
− 3 ⎥ ⎢ 3 − 3 ⎥
⎢ L6 L L L2 ⎥ ⎢ L6 L2
L L2 ⎥
⎢ 4 6 2 ⎥ ⎢ 4 6 2 ⎥
− 2 6 − 2 1
k1 = EI ⎢ L 2 L L L ⎥ k 2 = EI ⎢ L 2 L L L ⎥
⎢ 12 6 12 6⎥ ⎢ 12 6 12 6⎥
⎢− 3 − 2 3
− 2 ⎥4 ⎢− 3 − 2 3
− 2 ⎥3
⎢ L L L L ⎥ ⎢ L L L L ⎥
⎢ 6 2
− 2
6 4 ⎥ ⎢ 6 2
− 2
6 4 ⎥
⎢⎣ L2 L L L ⎥⎦ 1 ⎢⎣ L2 L L L ⎥⎦ 2
bnÞúk nigbMlas;TI³ eKbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§edaypÁúMm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;
nImYy². edayGnuvtþsmIkarm:aRTIssRmab;rcnasm<½n§ eyIg)an
Q = KD
1 2 3 4 5 6
⎡ 8 2 − 6 6 2 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ 1
⎢ L 0
L L 2
L2 L ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 4 6 6 ⎥⎢ ⎥
1⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎢ − 2 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ D2 ⎥ 2
⎢ 2 ⎥⎢ ⎥
2 ⎢⎢− M 0 ⎥⎥ ⎢ 6
L L L L
6 12 12 ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ − − − 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥ 3
3 ⎢ Q3 ⎥ = 2 2 3 3
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L L L L ⎥
6 ⎥⎢ ⎥
4 ⎢ Q4 ⎥ ⎢ 0 6 12 24
− 3
12
− 3 − 2 ⎢ 0 ⎥4
⎢
5 Q5 ⎥ ⎢ L 2
L L 3
L L ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 6 12 12 6 ⎥⎢ ⎥
6 ⎢⎣ Q6 ⎥⎦ ⎢ 2 0 0 − 3 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥ 5
⎢ L L L3 L2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 0 0 − 2
6 6 4 ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ L L L2 L ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ 6
eFVIplKuNeTAelICYredkdMbUgTaMgBIredIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI eyIg)an
Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -511
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

8EI 2 EI
0= D1 + D2
L L
2 EI 4 EI
− M0 = D1 + D2
L L
dUenH M L
D1 = 0
14 EI
2M 0 L
D2 = −
7 EI
dUcenAkñúg]TahrN_elIkmun eyIgTTYl)ankmøaMgRbtikmμBIkareFVIplKuNénCYredkEdlenAsl;. ]TahrN_
kmøaMgRbtikmμenAxagsþaMgédKW
6 EI ⎛ M 0 L ⎞ 6 EI ⎛ 2M 0 L ⎞ 9M 0
Q3 = − ⎜ ⎟− ⎜− ⎟=
L2 ⎝ 14 EI ⎠ L2 ⎝ 7 EI ⎠ 7L
eKkMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenARtg; node ! nig @ BIsmIkar 15-2. eyIg)an
q = k1d
5 6 4 1
⎡ q5 ⎤ ⎡ 12 6 12 6 ⎤⎡ 0 ⎤ 5
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 3 − ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L6 L2 L3 L2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢q6 ⎥ ⎢ 4
− 2
6 2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥6
⎢ ⎥ = EI ⎢ L2 L L L ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 12 6 12 ⎢
6⎥ 0 ⎥
⎢q 4 ⎥ −
⎢ 3 − − ⎥⎢ ⎥4
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L L2 L3 L2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 6 2 6 4 ⎥⎢ M L ⎥
− 2
L ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣14 EI ⎥⎦ 1
0
⎢q ⎥ ⎢⎣ L2
⎣ 1⎦ L L
6 EI ⎛ M L ⎞ 3M 0
q5 = 2 ⎜ 0 ⎟ =
L ⎝ 14 EI ⎠ 7L
2 EI ⎛ M 0 L ⎞ M 0
q6 = ⎜ ⎟=
L ⎝ 14 EI ⎠ 7
6 EI ⎛ M 0 L ⎞ 3M 0
q4 = − ⎜ ⎟=−
L ⎝
2 14 EI
⎠ 7L
4 EI ⎛ M 0 L ⎞ 2 M 0
q1 = ⎜ ⎟=
L ⎝ 14 EI ⎠ L
lT§plTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-9c.

]TahrN_ 15-3³ FñwmenAkñúgrubTI 15-10a rgm:Um:g;BIr. RbsinebITRmkNþal ②Rsut 1.5mm

cUgkMNt; kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenARtg;TRm. yk E = 200GPa nig I = 22(10 −6 )m 4 .
karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -512
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³ FñwmmanFatuBIr nig degree of freedom EdlCaGBaØatcMnYnbI. BYkvaRtUv)aneKkMNt;
edayelxkUdtUcCageK ¬rUbTI 15-10b¦. enATIenH m:aRTIsbnÞúk nigm:aRTIsbMlas;TIEdlCasmμtikmμKW³
⎡4 ⎤ 1 ⎡0 ⎤4
Qk = ⎢⎢0 ⎥⎥ 2 ⎢
Dk = ⎢− 0.0015⎥⎥ 5
⎢⎣− 4⎥⎦ 3 ⎢⎣0 ⎥⎦ 6

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;³ eKkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;edayeRbIsmIkar 15-1 eday

eyageTAtamelxkUd nigTisrbs;Ggát;EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-10b. eyIg)an
6 3 5 2 5 2 4 1
⎡ 1 .5 1 .5 − 1 .5 1 .5 ⎤ 6 ⎡ 1 .5 1 .5 − 1 .5 1 .5 ⎤ 5
⎢ − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ 3 ⎢ − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ 2
k1 = EI ⎢ 1.5 2 k 2 = EI ⎢ 1.5 2
⎢ − 1 .5 − 1 .5 1 .5 − 1 .5⎥ 5 ⎢ − 1 .5 − 1 .5 1.5 − 1.5⎥ 4
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 .5 1 − 1 .5 2 ⎦ 2 ⎣ 1 .5 1 − 1 .5 2 ⎦ 1
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ karpÁúMm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ nigkarsresrsmIkarPaBrwgRkajsRmab;
rcnasm<½n§ eyIg)an
1 2 3 4 5 6
⎡ 4⎤ ⎡ 2 1 0 − 1.5 1.5 0 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 1 4 1 − 1.5 0 1.5 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢− 4⎥ = EI ⎢ 0 1 2 0 − 1.5 1.5 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ Q4 ⎥ ⎢− 1.5 − 1.5 0 1.5 − 1.5 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ Q5 ⎥ ⎢ 1.5 0 − 1.5 − 1.5 3 − 1.5⎥ ⎢− 0.0015⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢Q6 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 1.5 1.5 0 − 1.5 1.5 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥
edaHRsayrkbMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat
= 2 D1 + D2 + 0 D3 − 1.5(0 ) + 1.5(− 0.0015) + 0
4
EI
0 = 1D1 + 4 D2 + 1D3 − 1.5(0 ) + 0 + 0

Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -513

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

−4
= 0 D1 + 1D2 + 2 D3 + 0 − 1.5(− 0.0015) + 0
EI
edayCMnYs EI = 200(10 6 )(22)(10 −6 ) nigedaHRsay eyIg)an
D1 = 0.001580rad D2 = 0 D3 = −0.001580rad
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH dUcenHkmøaMgRbtikmμTRmKW
Q4 = 200(10 6 )22(10 −6 )[− 1.5(0.001580 ) − 1.5(0 ) + 0 + 1.5(0 ) − 1.5(− 0.0015) + 0] = −0.525kN
Q5 = 200(10 6 )22(10 −6 )[1.5(0.001580) + 0 − 1.5(− 0.001580) − 1.5(0 ) + 3(− 0.0015) − 1.5(0)] = 1.05kN

Q6 = 200(10 6 )22(10 −6 )[0 + 1.5(0) + 1.5(− 0.001580) + 0 − 1.5(− 0.0015) + 1.5(0)] = −0.525kN

]TahrN_ 15-4³ kMNt;m:Um:g;EdlekItmanenARtg;TRm A rbs;FñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-11a.

yk E = 200GPa nig I = 216(10 6 )mm 4 .

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³ enATIenH Fñwmman degree of freedom EdlCaGBaØatcMnYnBI EdlkMNt;elxerogeday
elxkUd ! nig @.
karviPaKedaym:aRTIsTamTareGaybnÞúkGnuvtþenARtg; node dUcenHeKRtUvCMnYsbnÞúkBRgay nig
bnÞúkcMcMNucedaym:Um:g;bgáb;cugsmmUlrbs;vaEdlRtUv)ankMNt;BItaragenAkñúgemeron !! ¬emIl]TahrN_
11-2¦. cMNaMfa minmanbnÞúkxageRkAmanGMeBIenARtg; ① eT edaysarkmøaMgRbtikmμenARtg;elxkUd #
karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -514
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

nig $ CaGBaØatenAkñúgm:aRTIsbnÞúk. edayeRbIviFItRmYtpl lT§plénkarviPaKm:aRTIssRmab;bnÞúkenAkñúgrUb

TI 15-11b RtUv)anEktRmUvenAeBleRkayedaybnÞúkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-11c. BIrUbTI 15-11b
m:aRTIsbMlas;TI nigm:aRTIsbnÞúksmμtikmμKW
⎡0 ⎤ 4
⎡12 ⎤ 1
Dk = ⎢⎢0⎥⎥ 5 Qk = ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣0⎥⎦ 6 ⎣84⎦ 2

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;³ eKkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;BIsmIkar 15-1.

Ggát;elx !³ 12EI3 = 12(2003)(216) = 2400
L 6
6 EI 6(200 )(216)
= = 7200
L2 62
4 EI 4(200)(216)
= = 28800
L 6
2 EI 2(200)(216)
= = 14400
L 6
4 3 5 2
⎡ 2400 7200 − 2400 7200 ⎤ 4
⎢ ⎥
k1 = ⎢ 7200 28800 − 7200 14400 ⎥ 3
⎢− 2400 − 7200 2400 − 7200⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 7200 14400 − 7200 28800 ⎦ 2
12 EI 12(200)(216 )
Ggát;elx @³ = = 64800
L3 23
6 EI 6(200 )(216)
= = 64800
L2 22
4 EI 4(200)(216)
= = 86400
L 2
2 EI 2(200)(216)
= = 43200
L 2
5 2 6 1
⎡ 64800 64800 − 64800 64800 ⎤ 5
⎢ ⎥
k 2 = ⎢ 64800 86400 − 64800 43200 ⎥ 2
⎢− 64800 − 64800 64800 − 64800⎥ 6
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 64800 43200 − 64800 86400 ⎦ 1
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ eyIgtRmUveGay
Q = KD

Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -515

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

1 2 3 4 5 6
⎡ 12 ⎤ ⎡ 86400 43200 0 0 64800 − 64800⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢ 84 ⎥ ⎢ 43200 115200 14400 7200 57600 − 64800⎥ ⎢ D ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢Q3 ⎥ = ⎢ 0 14400 28800 7200 − 7200 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q4 ⎥ ⎢ 0 7200 7200 2400 − 2400 − 64800⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢Q5 ⎥ ⎢ 64800 57600 − 7200 − 2400 67200 − 64800⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢Q6 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢− 64800 − 64800 0 0 − 64800 64800 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥

edayedaHRsaytamrebobFmμta
12 = 86400 D1 + 43200 D2

84 = 43200 D1 + 115200 D2

( )
D1 = −0.2778 10 −3 m

D2 = 0.8333(10 )m −3

dUcenH Q3 = 0 + 14400(0.8333)(10 −3 )m = 12kN .m

m:Um:g;Cak;EsþgenARtg; A RtUvEtrYmbBa©ÚlkmøaMgRbtikmμTRmbgáb; + 96kN .m EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-
11c CamYynwglT§plEdl)anKNnasRmab; Q3 . dUcenH
M AB = 12kN .,+96kN .m = 108kN .m
lT§plenHdUcKñanwglT§plEdlKNnaenAkñúg]TahrN_ 11-2.
eTaHbICaeKminRtUvkarKNnam:Umg: ; nigkmøaMgkat;enARtg;cMNuc B enATIenHk¾eday EteKGacKitGac
KNnava)an ]TahrN_ Ggát;elx !/ node @ ¬rUbTI 15-11b¦. lT§plTamTarkarBnøat
q1 = k1d + (q0 )1
4 3 5 2
⎡q 4 ⎤ ⎡ 2400 7200 − 2400 7200 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 6 ⎤
⎢ q ⎥ ⎢ − 7200 28800 − 7200 14400 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3⎥ = ⎢ ⎥⎢
⎢ q5 ⎥ ⎢− 2400 − 7200 67200 57600 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
( )
⎥ 10 −3 + ⎢ 96 ⎥
⎢ 6 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣q 2 ⎦ ⎣ 7200 14400 57600 115200⎦ ⎣0.833⎦ ⎣− 96⎦

]TahrN_ 15-5³
kMNt;PaBdabenARtg;① nigkmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenAelIFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-12a. EI
CacMnYnefr.

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -516

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;smÁal;³ FñwmRtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrFatu ehIy node nigGgát;RtUv)ankMNt;CamYynwgTisBIcug
CiteTAcugq¶ay ¬rUbTI 15-12b¦. PaBdabEdlCaGBaØatRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-12c. cMNaMfa
bMlas;TImMu D4 minekItmaneT edayfakarTb;edayTRmrGilxag.
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;³ edaysar EI CacMnYnefr ehIyGgát;manRbEvgesμIKña enaHm:aRTIsPaBrwg
RkajsRmab;Ggát;RtUvEtdUcKña. edayeRbIelxkUdedIm,IkMNt;elxerogCYredk nigCYrQrnImYy²edayeyag
eTAtamsmIkar 15-1 nigrUbTI 15-12b eyIg)an
3 4 1 2 1 2 5 6
⎡ 1 . 5 1 . 5 − 1 .5 1 .5 ⎤ 3 ⎡ 1 . 5 1 . 5 − 1 .5 1 .5 ⎤ 1
⎢ 1 .5 − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ 4 ⎢ 1 .5 − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ 2
k1 = EI ⎢ 2 k 2 = EI ⎢ 2
⎢ − 1 .5 − 1 .5 1 .5 − 1 .5 ⎥ 1 ⎢ − 1 .5 − 1 .5 1.5 − 1.5⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 .5 1 − 1 .5 2 ⎦ 2 ⎣ 1 .5 1 − 1 .5 2 ⎦ 6
bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ pÁúMm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;eTAkñúgm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§ eyIg)an
Q = KD
1 2 3 4 5 6
−
⎡ ⎤ P ⎡ 3 0 − 1.5 − 1.5 − 1.5 1.5 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 4 1.5 1 − 1.5 1 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢ 0 ⎥ = EI ⎢− 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ Q4 ⎥ ⎢− 1.5 1 1.5 2 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ Q5 ⎥ ⎢− 1.5 − 1.5 0 0 1.5 − 1.5⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ Q6 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 1.5 1 0 0 − 1.5 2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
Beam analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -517
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

edayedaHRsayrkbMlas;TI eyIg)an
P
− = 3D1 + 0 D2 − 1.5D3
EI
0 = 0 D1 + 4 D2 + 1.5D3

0 = −1.5D1 + 1.5D2 + 1.5D3

1.667 P
D1 = −
EI
P
D2 =
EI
2.667 P
D3 = −
EI
cMNaMfa sBaØarbs;lT§plTaMgenHRtUvEtRtUvKñanwgTisedArbs;PaBdabEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 15-12c.
kareRbIlT§plTaMgenH kmøaMgRbtikmμKW
⎛ 1.667 P ⎞ ⎛ P ⎞ ⎛ 2.667 P ⎞
Q4 = −1.5 EI ⎜ − ⎟ + 1EI ⎜ ⎟ + 1.5 EI ⎜ − ⎟ = −0.5P
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠
⎛ 1.667 P ⎞ ⎛ P ⎞ ⎛ 2.667 P ⎞
Q5 = −1.5EI ⎜ − ⎟ − 1.5EI ⎜ ⎟ + 0⎜ − ⎟=P
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠
⎛ 1.667 P ⎞ ⎛ P ⎞ ⎛ 2.667 P ⎞
Q6 = 1.5 EI ⎜ − ⎟ + 1EI ⎜ ⎟ + 0⎜ − ⎟ = −1.5 P
⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠

karviPaKFñwmedayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -518

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
!%>! kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. snμt;②CaTRm !%>% kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmenARtg; ②nig③.
kl;. EI CacMnYnefr. snμt;②CaTRmkl; ehIy③ nig④CaTRmsnøak;.
EI CacMnYnefr.

!%>@ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enAkñúgFñwmenARtg; ① nig②. !%>^ kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. snμt;②CaTRm

snμt;②CaTRmkl; ehIy③CaTRmsnøak;. EI Ca snøak; ehIy① nig③ CaTRmkl . EI CacMnYn
cMnYnefr. efr.

!%># kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. EI CacMnYnefr. !%>& kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. EI CacMnYnefr.

!%>$ kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg;TRm. snμt②

; !%>* kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; ① nig③. snμt;②
CaTRmkl;. EI CacMnYnefr. CaTRmkl; ehIy① nig③CaTRmbgáb;. EI Ca
cMnYnefr.

Problems T.Chhay -519

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

!%>!! kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. eKmanTRmrGil

tamTisbBaÄrenARtg;① dUcbgðaj. EI CacMnYn
efr.

!%>( kMNt;m:Um:g;Bt;enARtg; ① nig③ RbsinebI

TRm②Rsut 30mm ¬cMeNaT !%>(¦. snμt; ②Ca
TRmkl; ehIy① nig③CaTRmbgáb;.
EI = 5000kN .m 2 .

!%>!0 kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm. EI CacMnYnefr.

cMeNaT T.Chhay -520

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

!^> karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj
(Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method)

eKalKMnitEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgemeronelIkmunEdlerobrab;GMBIkaeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkajenAelI trusses
nigFñwmRtUv)anBnøat nigGnuvtþeTAelIkarviPaKeRKag. viFIenHnwgbgðajfadMeNIrkarsRmab;edaHRsayman
lkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgkaredaHRsaysRmab;Fñwm b:uEnþvaRtUvkareRbIm:aRTIsbMElg edaysarGgát;eRKagsßit
kñúgTisepSg².

!^>!> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajrbs;Ggát;eRKag (Frame-member stiffness matrix)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐenH eyIgnwgbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;eRKagEdlmanmuxkat;efr
(prismatic frame member) BIRbB½n§kUGredaentMbn; x' , y ' , z ' ¬rUbTI 16-1¦. enATIenH Ggát;rgkmøaMg

tamG½kS q N , q F kmøaMgkat; q N , q F , nigm:Um:g;Bt; q N , q F enARtg;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;va

x' x' y' y' z' z'

erogKña. bnÞúkTaMgenHsuT§EtmanGMeBItamTiskUGredaenviC¢manCamYynwgbMlas;TIrbs;va. dUcKñakñúgkrNIFñwm

m:Um:g; q N nig q F viC¢manvilRcasTisRTnicnaLika edaysarkareRbIviFanédsþaM viucT½rm:Um:g;manTistam
z' z'

G½kS z' EdlecjBIépÞRkdas.

eyIg)anBicarNaTMnak;TMngrvagbnÞúk nigbM;las;TIEdlbNþalBIbnÞúkTaMgenHenAkñúgemeronelIkmun.
bnÞúktamG½kSRtUv)anerobrab;edayeyageTAelIrUbTI 14-2 kmøaMgkat;eyageTAtamrUbTI 15-5 ehIym:Um:g;
Bt;eyagtamrUbTI 15-6. tamviFItRmYtpl RbsinebIeKbUkbBa©ÚllT§plTaMgGs;enHcUlKña eKGacsresr
TMnak;TMngrvagbMlas;TI nigbnÞúkcMnYnR)aMmYysRmab;Ggát;kñúgTRmg;m:aRTIsdUcxageRkam
Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -521
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

N x' N y' N z' Fx' F y' Fz'

⎡q N x' ⎤ ⎡d ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎡ AE AE ⎤ ⎢ N x' ⎥
0 0 − 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L L ⎢ ⎥
⎢q N y ' ⎥ ⎢ 12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI ⎥ ⎢d N y ' ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 − 3 ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L 3
L 2
L L 2
⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢q N z' ⎥ ⎢ 0 6 EI 4 EI
0 − 2
6 EI 2 EI ⎥ ⎢ d ⎥
⎥=⎢ L ⎥⎢
Nz'
⎢ L 2 L L ⎥ (16-1)
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ AE AE
⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ q Fx ' ⎥ ⎢− 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ d F ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L L ⎥ ⎢ x' ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 − 3 − 2 0 − 2 ⎥⎢ d
⎢ q Fy ' ⎥ L L L3
L ⎥ Fy ' ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 − ⎢ ⎥
⎢ q F ⎥ ⎣⎢ L2 L L2 L ⎦⎥ ⎢ d ⎥
⎣ z' ⎦ ⎣ Fz ' ⎦
b¤tamTRmg;kat; q = k'd (16-2)

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; k ' pSMeLIgedayemKuN\T§iBlcMnYn 36 EdltMNagedaybnÞúkenAelIGgát;

enAeBlGgát;rgbMlas;TIÉktþaCak;lak;NamYy. CaBiess CYrQrnImYy²enAkñúgm:aRTIsnImYy²CabnÞúkkñúg
Ggát;sRmab;bMlas;TIÉktþaEdlkMNt;edayelxkUd degree of freedom EdlmanbgðajenABIxagelICYrQr
nImYy². eRKagEdleKRtUvKNnaRtUvEtbMeBjlkçxNÐlMnwg niglkçxNÐbMlas;TIRtUvKña.

!^>@> m:aRTIsbMElgénbMlas;TI nigm:aRTIsbMElgénkmøaMg

(Displacement and force transformation matrices)
dUcenAkñúgkrNI trusses, eyIgRtUvbMElgbnÞúkkñúgGgát; q nigbMlas;TI d BIkUGredaen x' / y' / z' eTA
CakUGredaenskl x, y, z . sRmab;ehtuplenH eKRtUvkarm:aRTIsbMElg.
m:aRTIsbMElgbMlas;TI (displacement transformation matrix)³ eKmanGgát;eRKagdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb
TI 16-2a. enATIenH eyIgeXIjfabMlas;TI DN kñúgRbB½n§kUGredaensklbegáIt)anbMlas;TIkñúgkUGredaen
x

tMbn;
d N x ' = D N x cos θ x d N y ' = − D N x cos θ y

dUcKña bMlas;TI DN enAkñúgbMlas;TIskl ¬rUbTI 16-2b¦ begáIt)anbMlas;TIenAkñúgkUGedaentMbn;

y

d N x ; = D N y cos θ y d N y ' = D N y cos θ x

cugeRkay edaysarG½kS z' nigG½kS z RtYtsIuKña ¬manTisedAecjBIépÞesovePA¦ mMurgVil DN CMuvijG½kS z eFVI

z

eGaymanmMurgVilRtUvKña D N CMuvijG½kS z' . dUcenH

z'

karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -522

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

DNz' = DNz

tamrebobdUcKña RbsinebIeKeFVIeGaymanbMlas;TIskl DF tamTis x / DF tamTis y nigmMurgVil DF

x y z

enAxagcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát; smIkarbMElgKW
d Fx ' = D Fx cos θ x d Fy ' = − D Fx cos θ y

d Fx ' = DFy cos θ y d Fy ' = DFy cos θ x

d Fz ' = D Fz

yk λ x = cosθ x , λ y = cosθ y CakUsIunUsR)ab;Tisrbs;Ggát; eyIgGacsresrrYmpSMKñaénbMlas;TICaTRmg;

m:aRTIsdUcxageRkam
⎡d N x' ⎤ ⎡ λ x λ y 0 0 0 0⎤ ⎡ D N x ⎤
⎢d ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ N y ' ⎥ ⎢− λ y λ x 0 0 0 0⎥⎥ ⎢ D N y ⎥
⎢d Nz' ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 1 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ D N z ⎥
⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ (16-3)
⎢ d Fx ' ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 λx λ y 0⎥ ⎢ DFx ⎥
⎢dF ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 − λ y λx 0⎥ ⎢ D Fy ⎥
⎢ y' ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ d Fz ' ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 1⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ D Fz ⎥⎦

b¤ d = TD (16-4)

tamkarGegát m:aRTIs T bMElgbMlas;TI D kñúgkUGredaenskl x, y, z TaMgR)aMmYyeGayeTACabMlas;TI d

kñúgkUGredaentMbn; x' , y' , z' TaMgR)aMmYy. enATIenHm:aRTIs T RtUv)aneKsÁal;Cam:aRTIsbMElgbMlas;TI.

m:aRTIsbMElgkMlaMg³ RbsinebIeyIgGnuvtþbgÁúMkmøaMgnImYy²eTAelIcugCitrbs;Ggát; eyIgGackMNt;BIrebob

bMElgbgÁúMkmøaMgBIkUGredaentMbn;eGayeTACakUGredaenskl. edayGnuvtþ q N ¬rUbTI 16-3a¦ eyIgGac
x'

eXIjfa
Q N x = q N x ' cos θ x Q N y = q N x ' cos θ y

Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -523

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

RbsinebIeKGnuvtþ q N ¬rUbTI 16-3b¦ enaHbgÁúMkmøaMgrbs;vaKW

y'

Q N x = −q N y ' cos θ y Q N y = q N y ' cos θ x

cugeRkay edaysar q N RtYtsIuCamYynwg QN eyIg)an

z' Z

QN z = q N z'

tamrebobdUcKña bnÞúkenARtg;cugGgát; q F x'

, q Fy ' , q Fz ' nwgpþl;nUvbgÁúMkmøaMgdUcxageRkam³
Q Fx = q Fx ' cos θ x QFy = q Fx ' cos θ y

Q Fx = − q Fy ' cos θ y QFy = q Fy ' cos θ x

Q Fz = q Fz '

smIkarTaMgbIEdlpÁúMenAkñúgTRmg;m:aRTIsCamYynwg λ x = cosθ x , λ y = cos θ y pþl;nUv

⎡Q N x ⎤ ⎡ λ x − λ y 0 0 0 0⎤ ⎡ q N x ' ⎤
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ N y ⎥ ⎢λ y λ x 0 0 0 0⎥⎥ ⎢q N y ' ⎥
⎢Q N z ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 1 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ q N z ' ⎥
⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ (16-5)
⎢ QFx ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 λx − λ y 0⎥ ⎢ q Fx ' ⎥
⎢ QF ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 λ y λx 0⎥ ⎢ q Fy ' ⎥
⎢ y⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ Q Fz ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 1⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ q Fz ' ⎥⎦

b¤ Q =TTq (16-6)

enATIenH dUckarerobrab; m:aRTIs T T bMElgbnÞúkenAelIGgát;TaMgR)aMmYyEdlsresrenAkñúgkUGredaentMbn;

eGayeTACabnÞúkTaMgR)aMmYyEdlsresrenAkñúgkUGredaenskl.

!^>#> m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsklsRmab;Ggát;eRKag
(Frame-Member Global Stiffness Matrix)
eKGacpÁúMlT§plénkfaxNÐelIkmunedIm,IkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;EdlP¢ab;TMnak;TMng
rvagbnÞúkskl Q eTAnwgbMlas;TIskl D . edIm,IeFVIEbbenH eKRtUvCMnYssmIkar 16-4 ¬ d = TD ¦ eTAkñúg
smIkar 16-2 ¬ q = k ' d ¦. eyIg)an
q = k 'TD (16-7)
enATIenH kmøaMgkñúgGgát; q Tak;TgnwgbMlas;TIskl D . edayCMnYslT§plenHeTAkñúgsmIkar 16-6
¬ Q = T T q ¦ eKTTYl)anlT§plcugeRkay
Q = T T k 'TD (16-8)

karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -524

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

b¤ Q = kD

Edl k = T T k 'T (16-9)

enATIenH k Cam:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsklsRmab;Ggát;. eyIgGacTTYltémørbs;vakñúgTRmg;TUeTAedayeRbI

smIkar 16-5/ 16-1 nig 16-3 ehIyedayeFVIRbmaNviFIm:aRTIs eKnwgTTYl)anlT§plcugeRkay

(16-10)
cMNaMfam:aRTIsTMhM 6 × 6 Cam:aRTIssIuemRTI. elIsBIenH eKP¢ab;TItaMgrbs;FatunImYy²eTAnwgkUdenARtg;cug
Cit N x , N y , N z EdlbnþedayelxkUdenARtg;cugq¶ay Fx , Fy , Fz EdlRtUv)anbgðajenAxagelIénCYr
Qr nigtambeNþayCYredk. dUcm:aRTIs k ' CYrQrnImYy²rbs;m:aRTIs k CabnÞúkenAelIGgát;Rtg; node Edl
KRtUvkaredIm,ITb;Tl;nwgbM;las;TIÉktþatamTisEdlkMNt;edayelxkUdrbs;CYrQr. ]TahrN_ CYrQrTI
mYyrbs;m:aRTIs k CabnÞúkenAkñúgkUGredaensklRtg;cugCit nigcugq¶ayEdlbgáeLIgedaybMlas;TIÉktþa
enARtg;cugCittamTis x eBalKW N x .

!^>$> karGnuvtþénviFIPaBrwgRkajsRmab;karviPaKeRKag
(Application of the stiffness method for frame analysis)
enAeBlEdleKbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;rYcehIy eKGacpÁúMBYkvabBa©ÚlKñaeTAkñúgm:aRTIs
PaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§tamrebobFmμta. edaysresrsmIkarm:aRTIssRmab;rcnasm<½n§ eKGac
kMNt;bM;las;TIenARtg; node EdlminmankarTb; EdlbnþedaykmøaMgRbtikmμ nigkmøaMgkñúgenARtg; node.
eKGacedaHRsaykmøaMgxagEdlmanGMeBIelIGgát; kMhusqÁgedaysarplitkmμ bERmbRmYlsItuNðPaB
kmøaMgTRmeRTt nigkmøaMgTRmxagkñúgtamrebobdUcKñanwgGVIEdl)anerobrab;sRmab; truss nigFñwm.
Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -525
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNIrkarkñúgkarviPaK (Procedure for analysis)

viFIxageRkampþl;nUvmeFüa)ayedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI RbtikmμTRm kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;eRKagkMNt;
edaysþaTic nigeRKagminkMNt;edaysþaTic.
kareFVIkMNt;sMKal;³
 EckeRKOgbgÁúMCaFatuGnnþtUc ehIykMNt;elxerogeGayGgát; nig node nImYy²rbs;va. eKEtgEt
BnøatFatuenAcnøaHcMNucrbs;TRm cMNucrbs;bnÞúkRtg;cMNuc RCugEkg b¤tMNEdleKRtUvkarkMNt;
bMlas;TI b¤kmøaMgkñúgrbs;Ggát;.
 begáItRbB½n§kUGredaen x, y, z CaTUeTAedIm,IPaBgayRsYlCamYynwgeKalEdlmanTItaMgenARtg;
cMNuc node enAelIFatumYy nigG½kSEdlmanTItaMgy:agNaeGayRKb; node TaMgGs;mankUGredaen
viC¢man.
 enARtg;cMNuc node nImYy²rbs;eRKag kMNt;bgÁúMelxkUdbIKW x, y, z . RKb;krNITaMgGs; eKeRbI
elxkUdtUcbMputedIm,IkMNt;elxerogsRmab; degree of freedom EdlminmankarTb; Edlbnþeday
elxkUdEdlenAsl; b¤elxkUdEdlmanelxerogFMedIm,IsMKal; degree of freedom Edlmankar
Tb;.
 begáItbMlas;TIEdlsÁal; Dk nigbnÞúkxageRkAEdlsÁal; Qk . enAeBlbegáIt Qk eKRtUvR)akdkñúgkar
bBa©ÚlbnÞúkbgáb;cugRbsinebIGgát;RTbnÞúkenAkNþal.
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM³
 GnuvtþsmIkar 16-10 edIm,IkMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;nImYy²EdlsresrenAkñúgRbB½n§
kUGredaenskl. eKkMNt;kUsIunUsR)ab;Tis λ x nig λ y BIkUGredaen x, y éncugrbs;Ggát; ¬smIkar
14-5 nig 14-6¦.

 eRkayeBlsresrm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát;nImYy² nigeRkayeBlkMNt;CYredk nigCYrQr

CamYynwgelxkUdcugCit nigcugq¶ay eKGacRc)ac;m:aRTIsTaMgenHbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,IbegáItm:aRTIsPaBrwg
RkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM K . sRmab;karepÞógpÞat;edayEpñk m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;Ggát; nig
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMKYrEtCam:aRTIssIuemRTI.
bMlas;TI nigkmøaMg³
 EbgEckm:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajCaRkumdUcbgðajedaysmIkar 14-18. karBnøatenHeyIgTTYl)an
karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -526
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

Qk = K11 Du + K12 Dk

Qu = K 21 Du + K 22 Dk
eKkMNt;bMlas;TIEdlCaGBaØat Du BIsmIkarTImYyénsmIkarTaMgBIrxagelI. edayeRbItémø
TaMgenH eKkMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμ Qu BIsmIkarTIBIr. cugbBa©b; eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúg q enARtg;cug
rbs;Ggát;BIsmIkar 16-7 eBalKW
q = k 'TD
RbsinebIlT§plénGBaØatEdl)anKNnaCaTMhMGviCm¢ an vabgðajfaBYkvaeFVIGMeBItamTiskUGredaen
GviC¢man.

]TahrN_ 16-1³ kMNt;bnÞúkenARtg;tMNrbs;eRKagGgát;BIrEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-4a. yk I =

( ) /
1800 10 6 mm 4 A = 6000mm 2 ehIy E = 200GPa sRmab;Ggát;TaMgBIr.

Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -527

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;sMKal;³ tamkarGegát eRKagmanGgát;cMnYnBIr nig node cMnYnbIEdlRtUv)ankMNt;sMKal;dUc
bgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-4b. eKalrbs;RbB½n§kUGredaensklRtUvmanTItaMgenARtg; ①. dMbUgelxkUdenA
Rtg; node RtUv)ankMNt;eday degree of freedom EdlminmankarTb;. BIkarTb;enARtg;①nig③ nigbnÞúk
Gnuvtþn_ eyIg)an
⎡20⎤ 1
⎡0 ⎤ 6 ⎢ 0 ⎥2
⎢0 ⎥ 7 ⎢ ⎥
Dk = ⎢ ⎥ Qk = ⎢ 0 ⎥ 3
⎢0 ⎥ 8 ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥4
⎣0 ⎦ 9 ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ 5

m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúM³ tYxageRkammanlkçN³dUcKñasRmab;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;
Ggát;TaMgBIr³
AE 6(10 −3 )(200)(10 6 )
= = 200(10 3 )kN / m
L 6
12 EI 12(200 )(10 6 )(180)(10 −6 )
= = 2(10 3 )kN / m
L3 63
6 EI
=
( ) ( ) = 6(10 )kN / m
6(200) 10 6 (180) 10 −6 3
2 2
L 6
4 EI 4(200)(10 )(180)(10 )
= 24(10 )kN / m
6 −6
= 3
L 6

=
6
( ) ( ) ( )
2 EI 2(200) 10 (180) 10 −6
= 12 103 kN / m
L 6
6−0 0−0
Ggát;elx !³ λx =
6
=1 λy =
6
=0

edayCMnYsTinñn½yeTAkñúgsmIkar 16-10 eyIg)an

4 6 5 1 2 3
⎡ 200 0 0 − 200 0 0 ⎤ 4
⎢ 0 2 6 0 − 2 − 6⎥⎥ 6
⎢
( )
k1 = 10 3 ⎢ 0
⎢
6 24 0 − 6 12 ⎥ 5
⎥
⎢− 200 0 0 200 0 0 ⎥ 1
⎢ 0 −2 −6 0 2 − 6⎥ 2
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 0 6 12 0 − 6 24 ⎦⎥ 3

karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -528

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

CYredk nigCYrQrénm:aRTIs 6 × 6 RtUv)ankMNt;edayelxkUdbI x, y, z CadMbUgenARtg;cugCit ehIybnþ

edaycugq¶ayeBalKW $/ ^/ %/ !/ @/ # erogKña ¬rUbTI 16-4b¦. eKeFVIEbbenHsRmab;karpÁúMFatuelIkeRkay.
Ggát;elx @³ λx = 6 −6 6 = 0 λy =
−6−0
6
= −1

edayCMnYsTinñn½yeTAkñúgsmIkar 16-10 eyIg)an

1 2 93 7 8
⎡2 0 0 6 ⎤1
6 −2
⎢ 0 200 0 0 − 200 0 ⎥ 2
⎢ ⎥
( )
k 2 = 10 3 ⎢ 6
⎢
0 24 − 6 0 12 ⎥ 3
⎥
⎢− 2 0 −6 2 0 − 6⎥ 7
⎢ 0 − 200 0 0 200 0 ⎥ 8
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 6 0 12 − 6 0 24 ⎥⎦ 9
CaFmμta karkMNt;elxerogrbs;CUredk nigCYrQrKWeyageTAtamelxkUdTaMgbItamlMdab; x, y, z sRmab;
cugCit nigcugq¶ay erogKña eBalKW !/ @/ # bnÞab;mk &/ */ ( ¬rUbTI 16-4b¦.
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)ankMNt;edaykarpÁúMm:aRTIs k1 nig k 2 . lT§plén
Q = KD EdlbgðajedaykarbMEbkCaRkumKW
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
⎡ 20 ⎤ ⎡ 202 0 6 − 200 0 0 − 2 0 6 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 0 202 −6 0 − 6 − 2 0 − 200 0 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 6 −6 48 0 12 6 − 6 0 12 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢0⎥
⎢0⎥ = ( )
10 3 ⎢
− 200
⎢ 0
0
−6
0 200 0 0 0
12 0 24 6 0
0
0
0 ⎥ ⎢ D4 ⎥
0 ⎥ ⎢ D5 ⎥
(1)
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q6 ⎥ ⎢ 0 −2 6 0 6 2 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ −2 0 −6 0 0 0 2 0 − 6⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 7⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢Q8 ⎥ ⎢ 0 − 200 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ 6 0 0 −6 24 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
⎣ 9⎦ ⎣ 0 12 0 0

kmøaMg nigbMlas;TI³ edayBnøatedIm,IedaHRsaybMlas;TI eyIgTTYl)an

⎡20⎤ ⎡ 202 0 6 − 200 0 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡0⎤
⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0
⎢ 202 − 6 0 − 6⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢0⎥⎥

⎢ ⎥
( )
⎢ 0 ⎥ = 10 3 ⎢ 6
⎢
− 6 48 0 12 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥ + ⎢0⎥
⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢0⎥ ⎢− 200 0 0 200 0 ⎥ ⎢ D4 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 − 6 12 0 24 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ D5 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0⎥⎦

edayedaHRsaym:aRTIsxagelI eyIgTTYl)am
Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -529
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

( )
⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 17.51 10 − 3 m ⎤
⎢D ⎥ ⎢
( )
⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ − 37.47 10 m ⎥
−6 ⎥

( )
⎢ D3 ⎥ = ⎢− 2.505 10 − 3 rad ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
( )
⎢ D4 ⎥ ⎢ 17.51 10 m ⎥
−3
⎥

( )
⎢⎣ D5 ⎥⎦ ⎢ 1.243 10 − 3 rad ⎥
⎣ ⎦
edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμBIsmIkar (1) dUcxageRkam
1 2 3 4 5
( ) ⎡ 17.51 10 - 3 m ⎤
⎡Q6 ⎤
⎢Q ⎥
( )
⎡0
⎢− 2
−2 6
( )0 6⎤ ⎢
⎥
0⎥ ⎢
− 37.47 10 −6
m
⎥ ⎡0⎤ ⎡− 7.50kN ⎤
⎥ ⎢0⎥ ⎢ − 20kN ⎥
⎢ 7 ⎥ = 10 −6
( )
3 0 0
⎢ ⎢− 2.505 10 rad ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢
− 3 ⎥
⎢Q8 ⎥ ⎢ 0 − 200 0 0⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ( ) 0 ⎥ 0
⎥ ⎢ 17.51 10 − 3 m ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
7.50 kN
⎥
⎣Q9 ⎦ ⎣6 0 12
( ) 0 0⎦ ⎢ −3
⎣ 1.243 10 rad ⎦
⎥ ⎣0⎦ ⎣ 75kN .m ⎦

eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenAkñúg node ② edayGnuvtþsmIkar 16-7 eTAelIGgát;elx 1. enATIenH k ' RtUv 1

)ankMNt;edaysmIkar 16-1 ehIy T edaysmIkar 16-3. dUcenH

1
4 6 5 1 2 3
⎡ 200 0 0 − 200 0 0 ⎤ ⎡1
⎢ 0
0 0 0 0
⎢
( ) ⎤⎥ 4
0⎤ ⎡ 17.5 10 − 3
⎢ 2 6 0 − 2 6 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢0 1 0 0 0 0⎥⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥6
( )
q1 = k1T1 D = 10 3 ⎢ 0 6 24 0 − 6 12 ⎥ ⎢0 0( )1 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ 1.243 10 − 3 ⎥5
⎢
⎢− 200 0 0 200 0 0 ⎥ ⎢0
⎥⎢
0( )0 1 0
⎥⎢
0⎥ ⎢ 17.51 10 − 3
⎥
⎥1
⎢ 0 −2 −6 0 2 − 6 ⎥ ⎢0 0 ( )
0 0 1 0⎥ ⎢ − 37.47 10 6
⎥⎢
⎥2
⎥
⎢
⎢⎣ 0 6 12 0
⎥⎢
− 6 24 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0 0 ( )
0 0 0 1⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 2.505 10 − 3 ⎥⎦ 3

cMNaMkardMerobd¾RtwmRtUvénFatuenAkñúgm:aRTIsdUcEdl)anbgðajedayelxkUdtamRCugxagrbs;CYrQr
nigCYredk. edaHRsaym:aRTIsxagelI eyIg)an
⎡q4 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ q ⎥ ⎢ − 7.50kN ⎥
⎢ 6⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ q5 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎢ q1 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢q 2 ⎥ ⎢ 7.50kN ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ q3 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣− 45kN .m⎥⎦
lT§plxagelIRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-4c. TisedArbs;viucT½rTaMgenHRtUvKñanwgTisviC¢manEdlkMNt;
enAkñúgrUbTI 16-1. elIsBIenH eKalrbs;kUGredaen x', y', z' sßitenARtg;cugCitrbs;Ggát;. tamrebob
dUcKña düaRkamGgÁesrIénGgát;elx @ RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-4d.

karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -530

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]TahrN_ 16-2³ kMNt;bnÞúkenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²éneRKagEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-5a. yk

( ) /
I = 225 10 6 mm 4 A = 7500mm 2 ehIy E = 200GPa sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².

dMeNaHRsay³
kareFVIkMNt;sMKal;³ edIm,IGnuvtþkarviPaKedayviFIm:aRTIs bnÞúkBRgayEdlmanGMeBIenAelIGgát;edkRtUv)an
CMnYsedaym:Um:g;cugsmmUl nigkmøaMgkat;enAxagcugsmmUlEdlRtUv)anKNnaBIsþaTic nigBItaragenAkñúg
emeronTI11. bnÞab;mkedayeRbIviFItRmYtpl lT§plEdlTTYl)ansRmab;eRKagenAkñúgrUbTI 16-5b RtUv
)anEktRmUvsRmab;Ggát;enHedaybnÞúkEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-5c.
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-5b, node nigGgát;RtUv)andak;elxerog ehIyeKalrbs;RbB½n§kUGredaen
sklRtUv)andak;enAkñúg node ①. tamFmμta dMbUgeKRtUvdak;elxkUdeTAelI degree of freedom Edlmin
mankarTb;. dUcenH

Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -531

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎡0 ⎤ 4
⎢0 ⎥ 5
⎢ ⎥ ⎡ 0 ⎤1
⎢0 ⎥ 6
Dk = ⎢ ⎥ Qk = ⎢⎢− 150⎥⎥ 2
⎢0 ⎥ 7 ⎢⎣ 150 ⎥⎦ 3
⎢0 ⎥ 8
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣0⎥⎦ 9
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§
Ggát;elx !³
EA 7500(10 −6 )(200)(10 6 )
= = 200(103 )kN / m
L 7.5
12 EI
=
( )
12(200) 10 6 (225) 10 −6( ) = 1280kN / m
L 3
(7.5) 3

6 EI 6(200)(225)
= = 4800kN
L2 (7.5)2
4(200)(225)
= 24(103 )kN .m
4 EI
=
L 7.5
2 EI 2(200 )(225)
L
=
7.5
= 12 10 3 kN .m ( )
6−0 4.5 − 0
λx = = 0.8 λy = = 0.6
7.5 7.5
edayGnuvtþsmIkar 16-10/ eyIg)an
4 6 5 1 2 3
⎡ 128.46 95.39 − 2.88 − 128.46 − 95.39 − 2.88⎤ 4
⎢ 95.39 72.82 3.84 − 95.39 − 72.82 3.84 ⎥⎥ 6
⎢
( )
k1 = 10 3 ⎢ − 2.88
⎢
3.84 24 2.88 − 3.84 12 ⎥ 5
⎥
⎢− 128.46 − 95.39 2.88 128.46 95.39 2.88 ⎥ 1
⎢ − 95.39 − 72.84 − 3.84 95.39 72.82 − 3.84⎥ 2
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ − 2.88 3.84 12 2.88 − 3.84 24 ⎦⎥ 3

Ggát;elx @³
=
( )
EA 7500 10 −6 (200) 10 6 ( )
= 250 10 3 kN / m ( )
L 6
12 EI 12(200 )(225)
= = 2500kN / m
L3 (6)3
6 EI 6(200 )(225)
= = 7500kN
L2 (6)2
4 EI 4(200)(225)
L
=
6
= 30 10 3 kN .m ( )
karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -532
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
2 EI 2(200)(225)
L
=
6
= 15 103 kN .m ( )
12 − 6 4.5 − 4.5
λx = =1 λy = =0
6 6
dUcenH smIkar 16-10 køayCa
1 2 3 7 8 9
⎡ 250 250 0 − 250 0 0 ⎤1
⎢ 0 7 .5 7 .5 0 − 2.5 7.5 ⎥⎥ 2
⎢
( )
k 2 = 10 3 ⎢ 0
⎢
0 30 0 − 7.5 15 ⎥ 3
⎥
⎢− 250 0 0 250 0 0 ⎥7
⎢ 0 − 2 .5 − 7 .5 0 2.5 − 7.5⎥ 8
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ 0 7.5 15 0 − 7.5 30 ⎦⎥ 9
m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkajsRmab;rcnasm<½n§EdlrYmbBa©ÚlenAkñúg Q = KD køayCa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9
⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 378.46 95.39 − 128.46 − 95.39 2.88 − 250 0
7.88 0 ⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤
⎢− 150⎥ ⎢ 95.39 75.32 − 95.39 − 72.82 − 3.84
3.66 0 − 2.5 7.5 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ D2 ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢− 150⎥ ⎢ 2.88 3.66 54 − 2.88 3.84 12 0 − 7.5 15 ⎥ ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ Q4 ⎥
( )
3 ⎢
− 128.46
⎢ Q5 ⎥ = 10 ⎢ − 95.39
− 95.39 − 2.88 128.46 95.39 − 2.88
− 72.82 3.84 95.39 72.82 3.84
0
0
0
0
0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
(1)
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ Q6 ⎥ ⎢ 2.88 − 3.84 12 − 2.88 3.84 24 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ Q ⎥ ⎢ − 20 0 0 0 0 0 250 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 7 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ Q8 ⎥ ⎢ 0 − 2.5 − 7.5 0 0 0 0 2 .5 − 7 .5 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣ Q9 ⎦ ⎣ 0 7 .5 15 0 0 0 0 − 7.5 30 ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦

bMlas;TI nigbnÞúk³ Bnøatm:aRTIsxagelIedIm,IkMNt;bMlas;TI nigedayedaHRsay eyIg)an

⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡378.46 95.39 2.88⎤ ⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡0⎤
⎥ ( )
⎢− 150⎥ = 10 3 ⎢ 95.39 75.32 3.66⎥ + ⎢ D ⎥ + ⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣− 150⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 2.88 3.66 54 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ D3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0⎥⎦
⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.716mm ⎤
⎢ D ⎥ = ⎢ − 2.76mm ⎥
⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ D3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 0.00261rad ⎥⎦

edayeRbIlT§plTaMgenH eKGackMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmBIsmIkar (1) dUcbgðaj³

Plane frame analysis using the stiffness method T.Chhay -533

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎡Q4 ⎤ ⎡− 128.46 − 95.39 − 2.88⎤ ⎡0⎤ ⎡ 178.8kN ⎤

⎢Q ⎥ ⎢ − 95.39 − 72.82 3.84 ⎥ ⎢0⎥ ⎢ 122.7 kN ⎥
⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎡ 0.716 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢Q6 ⎥ ⎢ 2.88 − 3.84 12 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢0⎥ = ⎢ − 18.7 kN .m ⎥
⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ − 2.76 ⎥ ⎢0⎥ ⎢ − 179.0kN ⎥
0 ⎥⎢
⎢Q7 ⎥ ⎢ − 250
⎢Q8 ⎥ ⎢ 0
0
− 2 .5 − 7 .5 ⎥
⎢⎣− 0.00261 10 3 ( ) ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
⎢0⎥ ⎢ 26.5kN ⎥
⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣Q9 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 7 .5 15 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 59.9kN .m⎥⎦
eKGackMNt;kmøaMgkñúgBIsmIkar 16-7 EdlGnuvtþeTAGgát;elx ! nigelx @. enAkñúgkrNIGgát;elx !/
q = k '1 T1 D Edl k '1 RtUv)ankMNt;BIsmIkar 16-1 ehIy T1 RtUv)ankMNt;BIsmIkar 16-3. dUcenH
4 5 6 1 2 3
⎡q 4 ⎤ ⎡ 200 0 0 − 200 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ 4
⎢q ⎥ ⎢ 0 1.28 4.8 0 − 1.28 4.8 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢− 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ 0 ⎥⎥ 5
⎢ 5⎥ ⎢
⎢ q6 ⎥ = ⎢ 0 4.8 2.4 0 − 4.8 12 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 1 0 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ 6
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢q7 ⎥ ⎢− 200 0 0 200 0 0 ⎥⎢ 0 0 0 0.8 0 0⎥ ⎢ 0.716 ⎥ 1
⎢ q8 ⎥ ⎢ 0 − 1.28 − 4.8 0 1.28 − 1.8⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 − 0.6 0.8 0⎥ ⎢− 2.76⎥ 2
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ q9 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 4.8 12 0 − 4.8 24 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 1⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ − 2.61⎦⎥ 3

enATIenH elxkUdbgðajCYredk nigCYrQrsRmab;cugCit nigcugq¶ayrbs;Ggát; erogKña eBalKW $/ %/ ^

bnÞab;mk !/ @/ # rUbTI 16-5b. dUcenH
⎡q 4 ⎤ ⎡ 216.6kN ⎤
⎢ q ⎥ ⎢ − 9.15kN ⎥
⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ q6 ⎥ ⎢− 18.7kN .m⎥
⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎢ q1 ⎥ ⎢ 216.6kN ⎥
⎢q 2 ⎥ ⎢ 9.15kN ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ q3 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ − 50kN .m ⎦⎥
lT§plTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 16-5d.
karviPaKdUcKñaRtUv)aneFVIsRmab;Ggát;elx @. lT§plRtUv)anbgðajenAxageqVgkñúgrUbTI 16-5e.
sRmab;Ggát;enH eyIgRtUvdak;bnÞúkénrUbTI 16-5c dUcenHlT§plcugeRkaysRmab;Ggát;elx @ RtUv)an
bgðajenAxagsþaM.

karviPaKeRKagkñúgbøg;edayeRbIviFIPaBrwgRkaj T.Chhay -534

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
16>1 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab; 16>4 kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmkñúgenARtg; ① nig
eRKag. snμt; ① nig ③ CaTRmsnøak;. yk ③ ¬cMeNaT 16>3¦. yk E = 200GPa /

E = 200GPa I = 243(10 6 )mm 4 , I = 300(10 6 )mm 4 , A = 21(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;

A = 6000mm 2 sRmab;Ggát; nImYy². Ggát;nImYy².

16>5 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
eRKag. yk E = 200GPa I = 250(106 )mm 4 ,
A = 19(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². snμt; ②

nig③ CatMNbgáb;.

16>2 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²
¬cMeNaT 16>1¦. snμt; ① nig ③ CaTRm
snøak;. yk E = 200GPa / I = 243(106 )mm 4 ,
A = 6000mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².

16>3 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;Ggát;

nImYy²rbs;eRKag. snμt; ③Casnøak; nig ①Ca 16>6 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;Ggát;
TRmbgáb;. yk E = 200GPa / I = 300(10 )mm
6 4
nImYy²rbs;eRKag. yk E = 200GPa
A = 21(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². I = 280(10 6 )mm 4 , A = 18(10 3 )mm 2
sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².

Problems T.Chhay -535

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

16>7 kMNt;kmøaMgkñúgenARtg;cugrbs;Ggát;nImYy²
¬cMeNaT 16>6¦. yk E = 200GPa /
I = 280(10 6 )mm 4 , A = 18(10 3 )mm 2
sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
16>8 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
eRKag. yk E = 200GPa I = 250(106 )mm 4 ,
A = 12(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².
16>11 kMNt;mMurgVilkñúgenARtg; ① nig ③ nig
kmøaMgRbtikmμenAkñúgcMeNaT 16>10.
16>12 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;
Ggát;nImYy²rbs;eRKag. yk E = 200GPa
I = 270(10 6 )mm 4 , A = 6(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;

nImYy².

16>9 kMNt;bgÁúMbMlas;TIRtg;① éncMeNaT

16>8. yk E = 200GPa I = 250(106 )mm 4 ,
A = 12(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy².

16>10 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;

eRKag. yk E = 200GPa I = 240(106 )mm 4 ,
A = 6(10 3 )mm 2 sRmab;Ggát;nImYy². snμt; ① 16>13 kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRm ① nig ④
nig③ Casnøak; ehIy ②CatMNbgáb;. kñúgcMeNaT 16>12. tMN ① nig ④CatMN
snøak; ehIy② nig③ CatMNbgáb;. yk

cMeNaT T.Chhay -536

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

( )
E = 200GPa I = 270 10 6 mm 4 ,
A = 9(10 )mm sRmab;Ggát; nImYy².
3 2

16>14 kMNt;m:aRTIsPaBrwgRkaj K sRmab;

eRKagEdlmanGgát;BIr. yk E = 200GPa
I = 350(10 )mm , A = 20(10 )mm sRmab;
6 4 3 2

Ggát;nImYy². tMN ① nig③ CatMNsnøak; ehIy

②CatMNbgáb;.

16>15 kMNt;kmøaMgRbtikmμTRmenARtg; ① nig③

éncMeNaT 16>14.

Problems T.Chhay -537

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

A. m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM
(Matrix algebra for structural Analysis)

A >!> niymn½y nigRbePTm:aRTIs (basic definitions and types of matrices)

edaysarPaBcaM)ac;énkMuBüÚT½r dUcenHkarGnuvtþm:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMmanlkçN³TU
lMTUlay. m:aRTIspþl;nUvmeFüa)ayd¾smRsbsRmab;karviPaKenH edaysarvamanlkçN³gayRsYl
kñúgkarsresrrUbmnþkñúgTRmg;c,as;las; ehIybnÞab;mkedaHRsaym:aRTIsedayeRbIkMuBüÚT½r. sRmab;
mUlehtuenH visVkreRKOgbgÁúMRtUvEtyl;BIvaeGay)anc,as;.
m:aRTIs³ m:aRTIsCakartMerobelxkñúgTRmg;ctuekaNEdlamnCYredk m nigCYrQr n . elx ¬EdleK
ehAfaFatu¦ RtUv)antMerobenAkñúgekñób. ]TahrN_ m:aRTIs A RtUv)ansresrCa³
⎡ a11 a12 L a1n ⎤
⎢a ⎥
⎢ 21 a 22 L a 2 n ⎥
A=
⎢ M ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣a m1 a m 2 L a mn ⎦
m:aRTIsEbbenHRtUv)aneKehAfam:aRTIs m × n . cMNaMfasnÞsSn_TImYysRmab;FatunImYy²CaTItaMgCUr
edkrbs;va ehIysnÞsSn_TIBIrCaTItaMgCYrQrrbs;va. CaTUeTA aij CaFatuEdlmanTItaMgenAkñúgCYredk
TI i nigCYrQrTI j .
m:aRTIsCYredk³ RbsinebIm:aRTIspSMeLIgEtBIFatuenAkñúgCYredkeTal eKehAvafaCam:aRTIsCYredk.
]TahrN_ m:aRTIsCYredk1 × n RtUv)aneKsresrCa
A = [a1 a 2 L a n ]
enATIenH eKeRbIEtsnÞsSn_eTaledIm,IsMKal;Fatu edaysareKdwgfasnÞsSn_CYrQresμInwg1 eBalKW
a1 = a11 , a 2 = a12 , nigbnþbnÞab;.

m:aRTIsCYrQr³ m:aRTIsEdlmanFatuKrelIKñakñúgCYreTal eKeGayeQμaHvafam:aRTIsCYrQr.

m:aRTIsCYrQr m ×1 KW
⎡ a1 ⎤
⎢a ⎥
A=⎢ ⎥
2
⎢ M ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣a m ⎦
enATIenH Fatu a1 = a11 , a 2 = a 21 , nigbnþbnÞab;.

m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM T.Chhay -538

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

m:aRTIskaer³ enAeBlcMnYnCYredkrbs;m:aRTIsesμInwgcMnYnCYrQr m:aRTIsenHmaneQμaHfam:aRTIskaer.

m:aRTIskaer n × n manTRmg;
⎡ a11 a12 L a1n ⎤
⎢a ⎥
⎢ 21 a 22 L a 2 n ⎥
A=
⎢ M ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ a n1 a n 2 L a nn ⎦
m:aRTIsGgát;RTUg³ enAeBlRKb;FatuTaMgGs;rbs;m:aRTIsesμIsUnü elIkElgEtFatutamGgát;RTUg m:aRTIs
enHmaneQμaHfam:aRTIsGgát;RTUg. ]TahrN_
⎡a11 0 0 ⎤
A = ⎢ 0 a 22 0 ⎥⎥
⎢
⎢⎣ 0 0 a 33 ⎥⎦

m:aRTIsÉktþa³ m:aRTIsÉktþaCam:aRTIsGgát;RTUgEdlFatutamGgát;esμInwgcMnYnÉktþa. ]TahrN_

⎡1 0 0 ⎤
I = ⎢⎢0 1 0⎥⎥
⎢⎣0 0 1⎥⎦

m:aRTIssIuemRTI³ m:aRTIskaermanlkçN³sIuemRTIluHRtaEt aij = a ji . ]TahrN_

⎡ 3 5 2⎤
A = ⎢⎢5 − 1 4⎥⎥
⎢⎣2 4 8 ⎥⎦

A >@> RbmaNviFIma:RTIs (matrix operation)

smPaBrbs;m:aRTIs³ m:aRTIs A nig B esμIKñaRbsinebIm:aRTIsTaMgBIrmanlMdab;esμIKña ehIyFatuRtUvKña
rbs;m:aRTIsTaMgBIresμIKña eBalKW aij = bij . ]TahrN_ RbsinebI
⎡2 6 ⎤ ⎡2 6 ⎤
A=⎢ ⎥ B=⎢ ⎥
⎣4 − 3⎦ ⎣4 − 3⎦
enaH A = B
plbUk nigpldkrbs;m:aRTIs³ eKGaceFVIRbmaNviFIbUk b¤dkm:aRTIseTA)anluHRtavaCam:aRTIsEdlman
lMdab;esμIKña. lT§plRtUv)anTTYlBIkarbUk nigdkFatuRtUvKña. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI
⎡6 7 ⎤ ⎡− 5 8 ⎤
A=⎢ ⎥ B=⎢ ⎥
⎣2 − 1⎦ ⎣ 1 4⎦
⎡1 15⎤ ⎡11 − 1⎤
enaH A+ B=⎢ ⎥ A− B = ⎢ ⎥
⎣3 3 ⎦ ⎣ 1 − 5⎦

Matrix algebra for structural analysis T.Chhay -539

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

RbmaNviFIKuNedaysáaElr³ enAeBlm:aRTIsRtUv)anKuNedaysáaElr FatunImYy²rbs;m:aRTIsRtUv)an

KuNnwgTMhMsáaElrenH. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI
⎡4 1 ⎤
A=⎢ ⎥ k = −6
⎣6 − 2⎦
⎡− 24 − 6⎤
enaH kA = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ − 36 12 ⎦
RbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIs³ eKGacKuNm:aRTIsBIr A nig B bBa©ÚlKña)anluHRtaEtvaRsbKña. lkçxNÐenH
GacbMeBj)an RbsinebIcMnnY rbs;CYrQrenAkñúgm:aRTIs A esμInwgcMnYnCYredkkñúgm:aRTIs B . ]TahrN_
RbsinebI
⎡a a ⎤ ⎡ b11 b12 b13 ⎤
A = ⎢ 11 12 ⎥ B=⎢ ⎥ (A-1)
⎣a 21 a 22 ⎦ ⎣b21 b22 b23 ⎦
enaHeKGackMNt; AB edaysar A manBIrCYrQr ehIy B manBIrCYredk. b:uEnþcMNaMfa eKminGackMNt;
BA )aneT. ehtuGVI?

RbsinebIeKKuNm:aRTIs A EdlmanlMdab; (m × n) CamYynwgm:aRTIs B EdlmanlMdab; (n × q )

eyIgnwgTTYl)anm:aRTIs C EdlmanlMdab; (m × q ) eBalKW
A B = C
(m × n ) (n × q ) (m × q )
eKrkFaturbs;m:aRTIs C edayeRbIFatu aij rbs;m:aRTIs A nig bij rbs;m:aRTIs B dUcxageRkam
n
cij = ∑ aik bkj (A-2)
k =1

eKGacBnül;viFIsaRsþénrUbmnþenHeday]TahrN_samBaØxøH. eKman
⎡ 2⎤
⎡ 2 4 3⎤
A=⎢ ⎥ B = ⎢⎢6⎥⎥
⎣− 1 6 1⎦ ⎢⎣7⎥⎦

tamkarGegát eKGaceFVIRbmaNviFIKuN C = AB edaysarm:aRTIsTaMgenHCam:aRTIsRsbKña eBalKW A

manCYrQrbI ehIym:aRTIs B manCYredkbI. tamsmIkar A-1 RbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIseFVIeGaym:aRTIs C
manCYredkBIr nigCYrQrmYy. lT§plEdlTTYl)andUcxageRkam
c11 : KuNFatuenAkñúgCYredkTImYyrbs; A CamYynwgFatuRtUvKñaenAkñúgCYrQrrbs; B ehIybUklT§pl

TaMgenaHbBa©ÚlKña eBalKW
c11 = c1 = 2(2 ) + 4(6 ) + 3(7 ) = 49

m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM T.Chhay -540

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

c21 : KuNFatuenAkñúgCYredkTIBIrrbs; A CamYynwgFatuRtUvKñaenAkñúgCYrQrrbs; B ehIybUklT§pl

TaMgenaHbBa©ÚlKña eBalKW
c21 = c2 = −1(2 ) + 6(6) + 1(7 ) = 41
⎡49⎤
dUcenH C=⎢ ⎥
⎣ 41⎦
dUc]TahrN_TIBIr eKman
⎡ 5 3⎤
⎡ 2 7⎤
A = ⎢⎢ 4 1⎥⎥ B=⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣− 2 8⎥⎦ ⎣− 3 4⎦

enATIenH eKGacrkplKuN C = AB edaysar A manCYrQrBIr ehiy B manCYredkBIr. m:aRTIs C nwg

manCYredkbI nigCYrQrBIr. eKGacrkFaturbs;m:aRTIs C dUcxageRkam³
c11 = 5(2) + 3(− 3) = 1 ¬CYredkTImYyrbs; A KuNnwgCYrQrTImYyrbs; B ¦
c12 = 5(7 ) + 3(4) = 47 ¬CYredkTImYyrbs; A KuNnwgCYrQrTIBIrrbs; B ¦
c21 = 4(2) + 1(− 3) = 5 ¬CYredkTIBIrrbs; A KuNnwgCYrQrTImYyrbs; B ¦
c22 = 4(7 ) + 1(4 ) = 32 ¬CYredkTIBIrrbs; A KuNnwgCYrQrTIBIrrbs; B ¦
c31 = −2(2 ) + 8(− 3) = −28 ¬CYredkTIbIrbs; A KuNnwgCYrQrTImYyrbs; B ¦
c32 = −2(7 ) + 8(4) = 18 ¬CYredkTIbIrbs; A KuNnwgCYrQrTIBIrrbs; B ¦
lT§plsRmab;RbmaNviFKI uNGnuvtþtamsmIkar A-2. dUcenH
⎡ 1 47 ⎤
C = ⎢⎢ 5 32 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣− 28 18 ⎥⎦

eKk¾RtUvcMNaMplEdrfa eKminGaceFVIplKuN BA )aneT edaysarkarsresrEbbenHm:aRTIsminRsbKña.

c,ab;xageRkamGnuvtþcMeBaHRbmaNviFIKuN
!> CaTUeTA RbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIsminmanlkçN³qøas;eT
AB ≠ BA (A-3)
@> eKGacBnøatRbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIs
A(B + C ) = AB + AC (A-4)
#> eKGacpþúMRbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIs
A(BC ) = ( AB )C (A-5)
Transposed matrix: eKGaceFVI transposed m:aRTIsedaybþÚrCYredk nigCYrQrrbs;va. ]TahrN_
RbsinebI
Matrix algebra for structural analysis T.Chhay -541
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

⎡ a11 a12 a13 ⎤

A = ⎢⎢a21 a22 a23 ⎥⎥ B = [b1 b2 b3 ]
⎢⎣ a31 a32 a33 ⎥⎦
⎡ a11 a21 a31 ⎤ ⎡ b1 ⎤
enaH A = ⎢⎢ a12 a22 a32 ⎥⎥
T
B = ⎢⎢b2 ⎥⎥
T

⎢⎣ A13 A23 A33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣b3 ⎥⎦

cMNaMfa AB minRsbKña dUcenHeKminGaceFVRI bmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIseT. ¬ A manbICYrQr ehIy B man

CYredkmYy¦. mü:agvijeTot eKGaceFVIRbmaNviFIKuN ABT edaysarenATIenHm:aRTIsTaMgBIrRsbKña
¬ A manbICYrQr ehIy BT manbICYredk¦. xageRkamCalkçN³sRmab; transposed matrix
( A + B )T = AT + BT (A-6)
(kA)T = kAT (A-7)
( AB )T = BT AT (A-8)
eKGacbgðajlkçN³cugeRkayeday]TahrN_. RbsinebI
⎡6 2 ⎤ ⎡4 3⎤
A=⎢ ⎥ B=⎢ ⎥
⎣1 − 3⎦ ⎣ 2 5⎦
bnÞab;mk tamsmIkar A-8
T
⎛ ⎡6 2 ⎤ ⎡4 3⎤ ⎞ ⎡ 4 2⎤ ⎡6 1 ⎤
⎜⎢ ⎟
⎜ 1 − 2⎥ ⎢2 5⎥ ⎟ = ⎢3 5⎥ ⎢2 − 3⎥
⎝⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦⎠ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
T
⎛ ⎡ 28 28 ⎤ ⎞ ⎡28 − 2 ⎤
⎜⎢ ⎟
⎜ − 2 − 12⎥ ⎟ = ⎢28 − 12⎥
⎝⎣ ⎦⎠ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 28 − 2 ⎤ ⎡ 28 − 2 ⎤
⎢28 − 12⎥ = ⎢28 − 12⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
karEbgEckm:aRTIsCaRkum³ eKGacEbgEckm:aRTIsCam:aRTIsrgedaykarEbgEckvaCaRkum. ]TahrN_
⎡ a11 a12 a13 a14 ⎤
⎡A A ⎤
A = ⎢⎢a21 a22 a23 a24 ⎥⎥ = ⎢ 11 12 ⎥
⎢⎣ a31 a32 a33 a34 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 21 22 ⎦
A A

enATIenHm:aRTIsrgKW
A11 = [a11 ] A12 = [a12 a13 a14 ]
⎡a21 ⎤ ⎡a22 a23 a24 ⎤
A21 = ⎢ ⎥ A22 = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ a31 ⎦ ⎣ a32 a33 a34 ⎦
c,ab;rbs;m:aRTIsGnuvtþeTAelIm:aRTIsEdlEbgEckCaRkumluHRtaEtkarEbgEckmanlkçN³RsbKña.
]TahrN_ eKGacbUk nigdkm:aRTIsrg A nig B luHRtaEtvamancMnYnCYredk nigCYrQresμIKña. dUcKña eK
GaceFVIRbmaNviFIKuNm:aRTIsluHRtaEtcMnnY CYredk nigcMnYnCYrQrRtUvKñaénm:aRTIs A nigm:aRTIs B esμIKña
m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM T.Chhay -542
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

ehIym:aRTIsrgrbs;vaesμIKña. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI

⎡ 4 1 − 1⎤ ⎡ 2 − 1⎤
A = ⎢⎢− 2 0 − 5⎥⎥ B = ⎢⎢0 − 8⎥⎥
⎢⎣ 6 3 8 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣7 4 ⎥⎦

bnÞab;mk eKGaceFVIplKuN AB edaysarcMnUnCYrQrrbs; A esμInwgcMnYnCYredkrbs; B . dUcKña

m:aRTIsEdlbMEbkCaRkummanlkçN³RsbKñasRmab;RbmaNviFIKuN edaysar A RtUv)anbMEbkCa
CYrQrBIr ehIy B RtUv)anbMEbkCaCYredkBIr eBalKW
⎡ A A ⎤⎡ B ⎤ ⎡ A B + A B ⎤
AB = ⎢ 11 12 ⎥ ⎢ 11 ⎥ = ⎢ 11 11 12 21 ⎥
⎣ A21 A22 ⎦ ⎣ B21 ⎦ ⎣ A21B11 + A22 B21 ⎦
plKuNrbs;m:aRTIsrgKW
⎡ 4 1⎤ ⎡2 − 1⎤ ⎡ 8 4⎤
A11B11 = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎣ − 2 0 ⎦ ⎣0 8 ⎦ ⎣ − 4 2 ⎦
⎡ − 1⎤ ⎡ −7 −4 ⎤
A12 B21 = ⎢ ⎥[7 4] = ⎢ ⎥
⎣− 5⎦ ⎣− 35 − 20⎦
⎡2 − 1⎤
A21B11 = [6 3]⎢ ⎥ = [12 18]
⎣0 8 ⎦
A22 B21 = [8][7 4] = [56 32]
⎡ ⎡ 8 4⎤ ⎡ − 7 − 4 ⎤ ⎤ ⎡ 1 0 ⎤
+
dUcenH AB = ⎢ ⎢⎣− 4 2⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 35 − 20⎥⎦ = ⎢− 39 − 18⎥⎥
⎥ ⎢
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ [12 18] + [56 32] ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 68 50 ⎥⎦

A >#> edETmINg; (Determinants)

enAkñúgkfaxNÐbnÞab; eyIgnwgerobrab;BIrebobcRmas;m:aRTIs. edaysarRbmaNviFIenHRtUvkar
karKNnaedETmINg;rbs;m:aRTIs eyIgnwgerobrab;BIrlkçN³mUldæanrbs;edETmINg;.
edETmINg;CakartMerobelxCaTRmg;kaeredaysßitenAkñúgr)arbBaÄr. ]TahrN_ edETmINg;
lMdab; n ¬EdlmanCYredk n nigCYrQr n ¦ KW
a11 a12 L a1n
a21 a22 L a2 n
A= (A-9)
M
an1 an 2 L ann

karKNnaedETmINg;enHeFVIeGayeKTTYl)antémøCaelxeTalEdleKGackMNt;edayeRbI Laplaces’s
expansion. viFIenHeRbI determinant’s minor nig cofactor. FatunImYy² aij rbs;edETmINg;énlMdab;

Matrix algebra for structural analysis T.Chhay -543

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

n man minor M ij EdlCaedETmINg;lMdab; n − 1. RbsinebI minor RtUv)anKuNeday (−1)i+ j Edl

eKehAvafa cofactor rbs; aij enaH
Cij = (− 1)i + j M ij (A-10)

]TahrN_ eKmanedETmINg;lMdab;dI
a11 a12 a13
a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33

cofactor sRmab;FatuenAkñúgCYredkTImYyKW
a22 a23 a22 a23
C11 = (− 1)1+1 =
a32 a33 a32 a33
a21 a23 a21 a23
C12 = (− 1)1+ 2 =−
a31 a33 a31 a33
a21 a22 a21 a22
C13 = (− 1)1+ 3 =
a31 a32 a31 a32

Laplace’s expansion sRmab;edETmINg;lMdab; n ¬smIkar A-9¦ erobrab;fatémøCaelxEdltMNag

eGayedETmINg;esμInwgplbUkénplKuNénFatuénCYredk b¤CYrQr nig cofactor EdlRtUvKñarbs;va
eBalKW
D = ai1Ci1 + ai 2Ci 2 + L + ainCin ( i = 1,2,K, n )
b¤ D = a1 jC1 j + a2 jC2 j + L + anjCnj ( j = 1,2, K , n ) (A-11)

sRmab;karGnuvtþ eyIgeXIjfaedaysar cofactor, edETmINg; D RtUv)ankMNt;eday n edETmINg;

lMdab; n − 1. eKGackMNt;edETmINg;bnþedayrUbmnþdUcKña b:uEnþvaRtUvkMNt; (n − 1) edETmINg;lMdab;
(n − 2) nigbnþbnÞab;. dMeNIrkarénkarKNnaenHbnþrhUtdl;edETmINg;EdlRtUvkarKNnaRtUv)ankat;
bnßyrhUtdl;lMdab;BIr cMENkÉ cofactor énFatuCaFatueTalrbs; D . ]TahrN_ eKmanedETmINg;
lMdab;TIBIrxageRkam
3 5
D=
−1 2
eyIgGacKNna D BIFatutamCYredkxagelIbMput EdleGay
D = 3(− 1)1+1(2 ) + 5(− 1)1+ 2 (− 1) = 11
b¤ edayeRbIFatuénCYrQrTIBIr eyIg)an
D = 5(− 1)1+ 2 (− 1) + 2(− 1)2 + 2 (3) = 11

m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM T.Chhay -544

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

RbesIrCagkareRbIsmIkar A-11 eKGackMNt;edETmINg;lMdab;BIredayKuNFatutamGgát;RTUg

BIxagelIEpñkxageqVgeTAeRkamEpñkxagsþaM ehIydknwgplKuNénFatuGgát;RTUgBIxagelIEpñkxagsþaM
eTAxageRkamEpñkxageqVg GnuvtþtamsBaØaRBYj

BicarNaedETmINg;lMdab;bI
1 3 −1
D = 4 2 6
−1 0 2

edayeRbIsmIkar A-11 eyIgGacKNna D edayeRbIFatutambeNþayCYredkxagelI eyIg)an

2 6 4 6 4 2
D = (1)(− 1)1+1 + (3)(− 1)1+ 2 + (− 1)(− 1)1+ 3
0 2 −1 2 −1 0

= 1(4 − 0) − 3(8 + 6 ) − 1(0 + 2 ) = −40

eKk¾GacKNna D edayeRbIFatutambeNþayCYredkTIBIr.

A >$> cRmas;rbs;m:aRTIs (Inverse of a matrix)

BicarNasMNMuénsmIkarlIenEG‘rbIxageRkam
a11x1 + a12 x2 + a13 x3 = c1

a21x1 + a22 x2 + a23 x3 = c2

a31x1 + a32 x2 + a33 x3 = c3

EdlsresrkñúgTRmg;m:aRTIsdUcxageRkam
⎡ a11 a12 a13 ⎤ ⎡ x1 ⎤ ⎡ c1 ⎤
⎢a a ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 21 22 a23 ⎥ ⎢ x2 ⎥ = ⎢c2 ⎥ (A-12)
⎢⎣ a31 a32 a33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ c3 ⎥⎦

b¤ Ax = C (A-13)

eKGacedaHRsayrk x edayEck C nwg A b:uEnþvaminmanRbmaNviFIEckenAkñúgm:aRTIseT. CMnYseday

RbmaNviFIEck eKeRbIm:aRTIsRcas. cRmas;rbs;m:aRTIs A Cam:aRTIsdéTeTotEdlmanlMdab;dUcKña
ehIyeKsresrvaCanimitþsBaØa A−1 . eKmanlkçN³dUcxageRkam
AA−1 = A−1 A = I
Edl I Cam:aRTIsÉktþa. KuNGgÁTaMgBIrénsmIkar A-13 eday A−1 eyIgTTYl)an
Matrix algebra for structural analysis T.Chhay -545
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

AA−1x = A−1C
edaysar A−1Ax = Ix = x eyIg)an
x = A−1C (A-14)
luHRtaEteKGacTTYl)an A eTIbeKGacedaHRsay x .
−1

sRmab;karKNnaedayéd viFIEdleRbI A−1 EdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayeRbIc,ab; Cramer. enA

TIenHeyIgmin)anerobrab;BIkarbegáItvaeT eyIgnwgbgðajEtlT§plb:ueNÑaH. cMeBaHbBaðaenH eKGac
sresrFatuenAkñúgm:aRTIsénsmIkar A-14 Ca
x = A−1C
⎡ x1 ⎤ ⎡C11 C21 C31 ⎤ ⎡ c1 ⎤
⎢x ⎥ = 1 ⎢C C C ⎥ ⎢c ⎥ (A-15)
⎢ 2⎥ A ⎢ 12 22 32 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣C13 C23 C33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ c3 ⎥⎦

enATIenH A CaedETmINg;rbs;m:aRTIs A EdlRtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbI Laplace expansion Edlerobrab;

enAkñúgkfaxNÐ A-3. m:aRTIskaerEdlman cofactor Cij RtUv)aneKeGayeQμaHfa adjoint matrix.
edaykareRbobeFob eyIgeXIjfaeKGacTTYlm:aRTIsRcas A−1 BIm:aRTIs A edaydMbUgeKRtUvCMnYsFatu
aij eday cofactor Cij bnÞab;mkeFVI transpose m:aRTIsEdlCalT§pl ¬EdleKeFVIeGay)an adjoint

matrix¦ ehIycugeRkayedayKuN adjoint matrix CamYynwg 1 / A .

edIm,IbgðajBIrebobedIm,ITTYl A−1 eyIgnwgBicarNadMeNaHRsayénRbB½n§smIkarlIenEG‘rxag

eRkam
x1 − x2 + x3 = −1
− x1 + x2 + x3 = −1 (A-16)
x1 + 2 x2 − 2 x3 = 5
⎡ 1 −1 1 ⎤
enATIenH A = ⎢⎢− 1 1 1 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣ 1 2 − 2⎥⎦

m:aRTIs cofactor sRmab; A KW

⎡ 1 1 −1 1 −1 1 ⎤
⎢ − ⎥
⎢ 2 −2 1 −2 1 2 ⎥
⎢ −1 1 1 1 1 −1⎥
C = ⎢− −
⎢ 2 −2 1 −2 1 2 ⎥⎥
⎢ −1 1 1 1 1 −1⎥
⎢ 1 1 −
⎣ − 1 1 − 1 1 ⎥⎦

KNnaedETmINg; adjoint matrix KW

m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM T.Chhay -546

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
⎡− 4 0 − 2⎤
C = ⎢⎢ − 1 − 3 − 2⎥⎥
T

⎢⎣ − 3 − 3 0 ⎥⎦
1 −1 1
edaysar A = − 1 1 1 = −6
1 2 −2

dUcenH cRmas;rbs; A KW
⎡ − 4 0 − 2⎤
= − ⎢ − 1 − 3 − 2⎥⎥
−1 1⎢
A
6
⎢⎣ − 3 − 3 0 ⎥⎦

dMeNaHRsayénsmIkar A-16 eyIg)an

⎡ x1 ⎤ ⎡− 4 0 − 2⎤ ⎡− 1⎤
⎢ x ⎥ = − 1 ⎢ − 1 − 3 − 2⎥ ⎢− 1⎥
⎢ 2⎥ 6⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ − 3 − 3 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 5 ⎥⎦

x1 = − [(− 4 )(− 1) + 0(− 1) + (− 2 )(5)] = 1

1
6
x2 = − [(− 1)(− 1) + (− 3)(− 1) + (− 2)(5)] = 1
1
6
x3 = − [(− 3)(− 1) + (− 3)(− 1) + (0)(5)] = −1
1
6
eyIgeXIjy:agc,as;fa karKNnaCaelxTamTarkarBnøatsmIkary:agEvg. sRmab;mUlehtuenH eKeRbI
kMuBüÚT½rkñúgkarviPaKeRKagedIm,IedaHRsaycRmas;rbs;m:aRTIs.

A >%> viFI Gauss sRmab;KNnaRbB½n§smIkar

(The Gauss method for solving simultaneous equation)
enAeBleKRtUvkaredaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarlIenEG‘reRcIn eKGaceRbIviFIkat;bnßy Gause BIeRBaH
vamanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkaredaHRsay. karGnuvtþviFIenHTamTarkaredaHRsayrkGBaØatmYykñúgcMeNam n
smIkar eBalKW x1 edayeRbIGBaØatdéTeTot x2 , x3,..., xn . CMnYssmIkarEdleKehAfa pivotal
equation eTAkñúgsmIkarEdlenAsl;Edlman n − 1 smIkarCamYynwg n − 1 GBaØat. GnuvtþRbmaNviFI

enHbnþeTotedIm,IedaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarTaMgenHedIm,Irk x2 CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgGBaØatEdlenAsl; n − 2
GBaØat x3, x4 ,..., xn begáIt)an pivotal equation TIBIr. bnÞab;mkCMnYssmIkareTAkñúgsmIkardéTeTot
EdleFVIeGayenAsl; n − 3 smIkarCamYynwg n − 3 GBaØat. GnuvtþRbmaNviFIenHsareLIgvijrhUtTal;
EtenAsl; pivotal equation mYyEdlmanGBaØatmYy EdlbnÞab;mkeyIgnwgedaHRsayrkva. bnÞab;mk
eyIgGacedaHRsayrkGBaØatdéTeTotedayCMnYsvaeTAkñúg pivotal equation. edIm,IeFVIeGaydMeNaH
Matrix algebra for structural analysis T.Chhay -547
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

RsayenHmanlkçN³suRkit enAeBlbegáIt pivotal equation nImYy² eKRtUvEteRCIserIssmIkarEdl

manemKuNFMCageKedIm,Ikat;bnßyGBaØat. eyIgGacbgðajkaredaHRsayenHtamry³]TahrN_.
edaHRsayRbB½n§smIkarxageRkamedayeRbIviFI Gause:
− 2 x1 + 8 x2 + 2 x3 = 2 (A-17)
2 x1 − x2 + x3 = 2 (A-18)
4 x1 − 5 x2 + 3 x3 = 4 (A-19)
eyIgnwgcab;epþImedaykat;bnßy x1 . emKuNEdlFMbMputrbs; x1 KWenAkñúgsmIkar A-19 dUcenHeyIgnwg
eRbIvaCa pivotal equation. edaHRsayrk x1 eyIg)an
x1 = 1 + 1.25 x2 − 0.75 x3 (A-20)
edayCMnYseTAkñúgsmIkar A-17 nig A-18 nigedaysRmYl eyIg)an
2.75 x2 + 1.75 x3 = 2 (A-21)
1.5 x2 − 0.5 x3 = 0 (A-22)
bnÞab;mk eyIgkat;bnßy x2 . edayeRCIserIssmIkar A-21 sRmab; pivotal equation edaysarem-
KuN x2 mantémøFMCageKenATIenH eyIg)an
x2 = 0.727 − 0.636 x3 (A-23)
edayCMnYssmIkarenHeTAkñúgsmIkar A-22 nigedaysRmYlva eyIgTTYl)an pivotal equation cug
eRkay EdleyIgGacedaHRsayrk x3 . eyIgTTYl)an x3 = 0.75 . edayCMnYstémøenHeTAkñúg pivotal
equation A-23 eyIg)an x2 = 0.25 . cugeRkay BI pivotal equation A-20 eyIg)an x1 = 0.75 .

m:aRTIssRmab;karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM T.Chhay -548

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

cMeNaT
2 − 3⎤
A-1 RbsinebI A = ⎡⎢64 1 5 ⎥⎦
ehIy ⎡− 1 3 − 2⎤
B = ⎢⎢ 2 4 1 ⎥⎥ . kMNt; AB .
⎣
⎡ 4 − 1 0⎤ ⎢⎣ 0 7 5 ⎥⎦
B=⎢ ⎥ . kMNt; A + B nig A − 2B .
⎣2 0 8⎦
A-11 RbsinebI A = ⎡⎢12 53⎤⎥ . kMNt; AAT .
A-2 RbsinebI A = [6 1 3] ehIy B = [1 6 3] ⎣ ⎦

bgðajfa ( A + B )T = AT + BT . A-12 bgðajfa A(B + C ) = AB + AC RbsinebI

⎡ 3 5⎤ ⎡3⎤ ⎡5⎤
A-3 RbsinebI A = ⎢ kMNt; A + AT . ⎡ 2 1 6⎤ ⎢/ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ / .
− 2 7⎥
⎣ ⎦
A=⎢ ⎥ B = ⎢ 1 ⎥ C = ⎢− 1⎥
⎣ 4 5 3 ⎦ ⎢⎣− 6⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
⎡1⎤
A-4 RbsinebI A = ⎢⎢0⎥⎥ ehIy B = [2 − 1 3] A-13 bgðajfa A(BC ) = ( AB )C RbsinebI
⎢⎣5⎥⎦ ⎡3⎤
⎡ 2 1 6⎤
kMNt; AB . A=⎢ ⎢ ⎥
/
⎥ B = ⎢ 1 ⎥ C = [5 / − 1 2] .
⎣ 4 5 3 ⎦ ⎢⎣− 6⎥⎦
⎡ 6 2 2⎤ 1 3 5
A-5 RbsinebI
A = ⎢⎢− 5 1 1 ⎥⎥ ehIy A-14 KNnaedETmINg; 2 5
2 nig 7 1 .
⎢⎣ 0 3 1 ⎥⎦ 7 1
3 8 6
⎡ − 1 3 1⎤
B = ⎢⎢ 2 − 5 1⎥⎥ ABkMNt; . A-15 RbsinebI A = ⎡⎢53 1 ⎤
− 2⎥⎦
. kMNt; A−1 .
⎣
⎢⎣ 0 7 5⎥⎦ ⎡0 1 5 ⎤
A-6 kMNt; BA sRmab;m:aRTIséncMeNaT A-5. A-16 RbsinebI A = ⎢⎢2 5 0⎥⎥ . kMNt; A−1 .
⎢⎣1 − 1 2⎥⎦
⎡ 5 7⎤ ⎡6 ⎤
A-7 RbsinebI A = ⎢ ⎥ ehI y B=⎢ ⎥
⎣− 2 1⎦ ⎣7 ⎦ A-17 edaHRsaysmIkar − x1 + 4 x2 + x3 = 1 /
kMNt; AB . 2 x1 − x2 + x3 = 2 ehIy 4 x1 − 5 x2 + 3 x3 = 4
⎡3⎤
RbsinebI ⎡1 8 4⎤
ehIy edayeRbIsmIkarm:aRTIs X = A−1C .
A-8 A=⎢ ⎥ B = ⎢⎢ 2 ⎥⎥
⎣1 2 3⎦ A-18 edaHRsaysmIkarenAkñúgcMeNaT A-17
⎣⎢− 6⎦⎥
kMNt; AB . edayeRbIviFI Gause.
⎡2 7 3⎤ A-19 edaHRsaysmIkar x1 − x2 + x3 = −1 /
A-9 RbsinebI A = ⎢ ehIy
−2 ⎣ 1 0⎥⎦
− x1 + x2 + x3 = −1 ehIy x1 + 2 x2 − 2 x3 = 5
⎡6⎤
B = ⎢⎢ 9 ⎥⎥ kMNt; AB . edayeRbIsmIkarm:aRTIs X = A−1B .
⎢⎣− 1⎥⎦ A-20 edaHRsaysmIkarenAkñúgcMeNaT A-19
⎡6 4 2⎤
A-10 RbsinebI A = ⎢⎢2 1 1 ⎥⎥ ehIy edayeRbIviFI Gause.
⎢⎣0 − 3 1 ⎥⎦
Problems T.Chhay -549
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

cemøIysRmab;cMeNaTeRCIserIs
(Answers to selected problems)

CMBUk !
!>! DL = 18.4kN / LL = 43.2kN @>!& B y = 44.6kN / Ay = 16.8745kN /
!>@ DL = 13.1kN Ax = 22.5kN
!># P = 4.06kN / m2 @>@0 FB = 495kN / Ax = 428.7kN /
!>% FD = 90kN / FL = 92.2kN / F = 182kN A y = 22.5kN

!>^ Wc = 9.16kN / m @>@@ Ay = 73.1kN / Bx = 0 / B y = 25.9kN

!>& 5kN / m 2 @>@$ w2 = 22.85kN / m / w1 = 91.44kN
!>* DL = 6.08kN / m, LL = 10.77kN / m @>@& FA = 44.78kN / Bx = 38.78kN /
!>( p x = 0.20kN / m 2 , p y = 0.35kN / m 2 B y = 16.39kN

!>!0 Fg = 49.71kN , FR = 20.25kN @>@* wB = 36.5kN / m / w A = 178.6kN / m

!>!! Fg = 415.5kN @>#@ B y = 74.6kN , Ax = 130.5kN ,
!>!# F = 12.0kN A y = 76.6kN

!>!$ F = 1.80kN @>#$ E y = 15kN , E x = 15kN ,

!>!% sm<aFxageRkAenAelIépÞdMbUlRtUvTisxül; /
B y = 187.5kN Ay = 2.5kN , Ax = 0

p = −488 N / m 2 @>#& B y = 60kN / Ay = 20kN / E y = 40kN /

sm<aFxageRkAenAelIépÞdMbUlminRtUvTisxül; F y = 20kN

p = −236 N / m 2 @>$# B x = 124kN , B x = 111kN ,

sm<aFxagkñúg p = m134 N / m 2 Ax = 124kN / Ay = 111kN /

/
C x = 41kN C y = 159kN
CMBUk @
@>$( Ax = 2.347 kN , A y = 6.629kN /
@>! sRmab; BG / w = 97.5kN / m
C x = 3.053kN , C y = 8.879kN
sRmab; ABCD / kmøaMgRbtikmμKW 21.9kN
@>@ bnÞúktambeNþay DF = 7.2kN / m
CMBUk #
enARtg; A nig E ³ F '= 27kN
#>$ FCD = 11.3(C ), FCB = 8kN (T ),
enARtg; A, B, C, D ³ F = 54kN
FDA = 11.3kN (T ), FDE = 16kN (C ),

cemøIysRmab;cMeNaTeRCIserIs T.Chhay -550

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

FBE = 11.3kN (C ), FBA = 24kN (T ) /

FCD = 4.08kN (T ) FDH = FDF = 0

Ax = 16kN / Ay = 8kN
#>( FAH = 25kN (C ), FAB = 20kN (T ), CMBUk $
FBC = 20kN (T ), FBH = 10kN (T ), $># N B = 0 / VB = 144kN / M B = 192kN .m
FHG = 16.7 kN (C ), FHC = 8.3kN (C ), $>* N B = 0 / VB = 264kN / M B = 432kN .m
FGF = 16.7 kN (C ), FGC = 20kN (T ) $>!0 V = 2kN / M = (2 x + 16)kN .m
#>!$ FIH = 7.45kN (C ), FBC = 6.0kN (T ), $>!$ VC = 2.5kN / M C = 6kN .m / N C = 0
FBH = 1.49kN (T ) $>!( a = L3
#>!* FKJ = 115kN (C ), FCJ = 27.0kN (T ),
$>@^ V = ⎛⎜⎜ 6 − x9 ⎞⎟⎟kN / M = ⎛⎜⎜ 6 x − 36
x ⎞⎟
3 4
kN .m
⎟
FCD = 97.5kN (T ) ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

#>@% FGF = 1.78kN (T ), FCD = 2.23kN (C ), $>#@ V = 2kN / M = (2 x + 4)kN .m

FCF = 0 $>%& Cy = 8.571kN / B y = 6.786kN
#>@( FCD = 24kN (T ), FCF = 13.4kN (C ), A y = 13.21kN / D y = 11.78kN

FED = 13.4kN (C ), FAE = FBF = 9.49kN (C ),

$>^! FDE = 9kN / C y = 1.8kN /
FAC = FBC = 4.24kN (C ), C x = 7.2kN

FEC = FDF = 12.7 kN (T )

#>#^ FDE = 10kN (T ), FDI = 3.33kN (C ), CMBUk %
FJI = 7.83kN (C ) %>@ P = 42kN
#>$! FBC = 8kN (T ), FHG = 10.1kN (C ), %>% y B = 0.867m / y D = 0.704m
FBG = 1.8kN (T ) %>!0 x B = 2.18m
#>$# /
FKJ = 15.3kN (C ) FCD = 15.3kN (T ) %>!# y = 0.0267 x 2 / Tmax = 60.0kN
/
FHD = 0.83kN (T ) FNJ = 0.83kN (C ) %>!% TB = 36.3kN / TA = 30.9kN
#>$( FAC = FAE = 0 / FAB = 4kN (T ) / %>!* B y = 0 / FH = Fmin = 100kN /
R B = FBE = 5.66kN (T ) / FBD = 2kN (C ) / Fmax = 117kN / T = 10kN

FDE = FDC = FCE = 0 %>@! M max = 3.56kN .m

#>%! FAD = 12.4kN (T ) / FAB = 5.09kN (C ) %>#! C x = Ax = 167 N / C y = 111N
FAC = 5.09kN (C ) A y = 389 N

#>%$ FCH = 12.2kN (C ) / FCB = 4.08kN (T )

Answer to slected problems T.Chhay -551
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

CMBUk ^ CMBUk *
^>!( (M C )max = 40kN .m / (VC )max = 1.5kN *>% θ max = − MEI0 L / ν max = − M2EI0 L
2

^>@$ (M C )max = 30kN .m / − M 0 L2

(VC )max = 4.75kN
*>* θ max =
M 0L
2 EI
/
ν max =
8 EI
− PL 2 3
^>@* (M A )max = −106kN .m / *>!0 θB =
2 EI
/ ΔB =
PL
3EI
(VB )max = 17.5kN 2
19 Pa 3
*>!# θA =
5 Pa
/ ΔC = ↓
^>#^ (VBC )max = 108.4kN / 2 EI
Pa 3
6 EI

(M C )max = 184.5kN .m
*>!% ΔD =
12 EI
↑

^>$@ (VCD )max = −30kN *>!( θA =

5M 0 a
/ M a2
ΔC = 0 ↑
12 EI 4 EI
^>%! (FHG )max(C ) = 160kN (C ) / *>@! ΔC =
84
/
↓ θA =
8
/ θB =
16
/
(FHG )max(T ) = 0 EI
40
EI EI
θC =
^>%& x = 6m / (FGF )max = 67.1kN (C ) EI

^>^0 (VC )max = 11.8kN / *>@# a= L

3
16
(M C )max = 70.9kN .m *>@% θ B = 0.00172rad / Δ C = 1.107mm ↓
^>^# (FIH )max = 38.4kN (C ) *>@* θ A = PL
2
/ ΔA =
− PL3
2 EI 3EI
^>^& (FIH )max = 15kN (C ) *>#!> θ C = −0.00171rad / Δ C = −3.86mm
^>&0 (M C )max = 201kN .m *>#$ Δ A = 6.75mm
^>&@ Vmax = 10kN / M max = 39kN .m
*>#& θ C = − 32EIPL / Δ C = − EIPL
2 3

^>&% M max = 1031kN .m

CMBUk & CMBUk (

&>* M F = 8.1kN .m / M D = 14.4kN .m (># Δ B = 1.50mm ←
h

&>!! M I = 12.96kN .m / M L = 29.16kN .m (>& Δ C = 0.0375mm

v

M H = 38.88kN .m
(>!! Δ B = 0.751mm
v

&>!^ FCF = 48.08kN (>!% Δ C = 0.234mm ←

h

&>#! Ay = 11.7kN / Ax = 9kN / (>!* Δ B = 0.942mm

v

M A = 24.3kN .m
(>@! Δ E = 0.233mm ↓
v

(>@$ Δ B = 0.525mm ↓
v

cemøIysRmab;cMeNaTeRCIserIs T.Chhay -552

mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

(>@* Δ A = 12.7mm ↑
v
Ay = 14.06kN / M A = 8.44kN .m
(>#@ Δ B = 0.4mm
v
!0>@# Ay = 4.688kN / C x = 50kN /
(>#^ Δ D = 4.88mm C y = 4.688kN / M C = 81.25kN .m
v

(>$0 Δ B = 1.01mm
h
!0>@( FHG = 2.32kN (C )
(>$# Δ C = 0.9504mm →
h
!0>#@ FBE = 3.62kN (C )
3
(>$& Δ C = 56PaEI ↓ !0>#& FCD = 163kN (C ) /
FCA = FCB = 212kN (T )
Pa 2
(>%0 θA =
EI !0>$0 FDB = 19.2kN / FCB = 53.4kN
(>%$ θ A = 4.5(10 −3 )rad !0>$% M D = 46.9kN .m
3
(>%* Δ A = 43PL
h
EI
→

(>^@ Δ B = 10.59mm ↑ CMBUk !!

(>^& Δ D = 59.4EIkN.m ↓
3 !!>@ M BC = 72 M 0 / M AB = − 17 M 0
2
M BA = − M 0
(>&0 Δ C = 49.1mm ↓
V
7

(>&$ Δ C = 9.62EIkN .m →
3 !!>% M AB = 5kN .m / M BA = 10kN .m /
M BC = −10kN .m / M CB = 25kN .m
H

!!>& Ay = 53.3kN / B y = 72.0kN / C x = 0 /

CMBUk !0
C y = −5.3kN
!0># B y = 153.75kN / Ay = 13.125kN /
!!>!! M BA = 9.47kN .m / M AB = 4.74kN .m /
C y = 73.125kN
M BC = −9.47kN .m / M CB = 26.52kN .m
!0>^ Ax = 0 / B y = 5wL
4
/ C y = Ay =
3wL
8 !!>!% M AB = 12.4kN .m / M BA = 24.9kN .m
!0>!0 B y = −68.8kN / C y = 15.6kN / M BC = 24.9kN .m / M CB = 9kN .m
Ax = 0 / Ay = 15.6kN !!>@# M AB = −3750kN .m /
!0>!# B y = 54.2kN / Bx = 0 / C y = 12.5kN / M BA = −822kN .m / M BC = 822kN .m
Ay = 13.3kN M CB = 829kN .m / M CD = −829kN .m
!0>!& M = PL8 / M A = M B = PL8 / !!>@^ M BA = 36kN .m / M BC = −36kN.m /
Ay = B y =
P M CB = −36kN .m / M CD = 36kN .m
2
!0>@0 C y = 8.44kN / Ax = 13.5kN /
Answer to slected problems T.Chhay -553
Department of Civil Engineering NPIC

CMBUk !@ !$>!0 q2 = 62.5kN (C )

!@>$ M AB = −11.6kN .m / M BA = 12.8kN .m / !$>!@ q1 = 5.66kN (C )/ q5 = 4.00kN (T )
M BC = −12.8kN .m / M CB = 13.8kN .m !$>!$ D1 = −0.0624mm / q2 = 50.9 N (C )
!@>& M AB = 0 / M BA = 55.5kN .m / !$>!^ Q4 = 94.3kN / Q5 = −117kN /
M BC = −55.5kN .m / M CB = 44.25kN .m Q6 = −66.7kN
!@>( Ay = 6kN / D y = 6kN / B y = 14kN /
C y = 14kN CMBUk !%
!@>!! M B = −7.61kN .m !%>! Q5 = −7.50kN / Q6 = 5.0kN.m
!@>!^ M BA = −104kN .m / M BC = 104kN .m / !%># Q2 = −6.0kN / Q5 = 30kN .m /
M CB = 196kN .m / M CD = −196kN .m Q6 = 33.0kN

M AB = M DC = 0 !%>^ Q4 = 127.5kN / Q5 = 105kN

Q6 = 127.5kN
CMBUk !# !%>* Q3 = −204kN .m / Q5 = 38kN.m
!#>@ K A = 25.1(103 )kN .m / C AC = 0.579 2
!%>!! Q2 = − wL6 / Q3 = wL / Q4 = − wL3
2

!#>^ K A = K B = 31.3(103 )kN .m /

C AB = C BA = 0.599
CMBUk !^
!#>( C AB = 0.707 / K A = 14.25(103 )kN .m !^>$ Q5 = −36.3kN / Q6 = −46.4kN /
C BA = 0.315 / K B = 31.95(10 3 )kN .m
Q7 = 36.3kN / Q8 = 46.4kN
!#>!@ M AB = 113kN .m / M BA = 151kN .m / Q9 = 77.1kN .m
M BC = −151kN .m / M CB = 461kN .m
!^>& Q7 = 20kN / Q8 = 0 / Q9 = 20kN
!#>!* M AB = M CD = 0 / !^>( D1 = −82.84mm / D2 = −151.1mm /
M BA = M DB = 28.3kN .m /
D3 = 0.0327rad
M BD = M DC = −28.3kN .m
!^>!# Q9 = −6.74kN / Q10 = 18.0kN /
Q11 = −17.3kN / Q12 = −18.0kN
CMBUk !$ !^>!% Q6 = 8.50kN / Q7 = 52.6kN /
!$>@ D1 = 0 / D2 = −0.694mm Q8 = 56.5kN / Q9 = 3.43kN
!$>% D4 = −0.45mm / q4 = 6.67k (T )
!$>& D1 = 2.0334(10 −6 )m / q2 = 0.508kN
cemøIysRmab;cMeNaTeRCIserIs T.Chhay -554
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa

]bsm<½n§ A
⎡6 3 ⎤
A.3 ⎢ ⎥
⎣3 14⎦
⎡ 79 ⎤
A.7 ⎢ ⎥
⎣− 5⎦
⎡ 2 48 2⎤
⎢
A.10 0 17 2
⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣− 6 − 5 2⎥⎦
A.14 − 33 , − 18
⎡0.75⎤
⎢
A.17 0.25
⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣0.75⎥⎦
A.20 x1 = 1 , x3 = −1 , x 2 = 1

Answer to slected problems T.Chhay -555