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MTH-206 Statistics and Probability Theory

This document provides an overview of the course MTH-206 Statistics and Probability Theory. It discusses key topics that will be covered including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, populations, samples, parameters, and statistics. It also defines important statistical concepts such as observational studies, designed experiments, data, and variables. Probability is distinguished from statistical inference, noting that statistical inference uses concepts from probability to draw conclusions about populations based on sample data.

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Samiya Ahsan
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37 views

MTH-206 Statistics and Probability Theory

This document provides an overview of the course MTH-206 Statistics and Probability Theory. It discusses key topics that will be covered including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, populations, samples, parameters, and statistics. It also defines important statistical concepts such as observational studies, designed experiments, data, and variables. Probability is distinguished from statistical inference, noting that statistical inference uses concepts from probability to draw conclusions about populations based on sample data.

Uploaded by

Samiya Ahsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH-206 Statistics and Probability Theory

Lecture 01
MTH-206 Statistics and Probability Theory
• Credit hours 3(3-0)
• Quizzes 04
• Assignments 04
• Sessional-I 10 Marks
• Sessional-II 15 Marks
• Final 50 Marks
• Recommended Book: “Probability and Statistics for Engineers and
Scientists” by “Ronald E. Walpole” 9th Ed.
Statistics (First Part of this Course)

• Collection (Primary, Secondary) Simple Random Sampling (Article 1.2)


• Presentation (Graphs and Charts)
• Analysis (Statistical tools are used to analyze data)
• Interpretation (A statement about the analyzed results)

Def: Statistics
Statistics (Branches of Statistics)
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics consists of methods for organizing and
summarizing information. Descriptive statistics includes the
construction of graphs, charts, and tables and the calculation of
various descriptive measures such as averages, measures of
variation, and percentiles.
Statistics (Branches of Statistics)
Inferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics consists of methods for drawing and measuring the
reliability of conclusions about a population based on information
obtained from sample of the population.
Statistics (Some Definitions)
Population
Collection of all objects relating with the subject of study is
known as population.
Sample
A representative part of the population.
Parameter
Any measure taken from the population data is called
“Parameter”.
Statistic
Any measure taken from the sample data is called “Statistic”.
Statistics
We often need to classify statistical studies as either observational studies or
designed experiments.

Observational Studies
In an observational study, researchers simply observe
characteristics and take measurements, as in a sample
survey.
Statistics
We often need to classify statistical studies as either observational studies or
designed experiments.

Designed Experiments
In a designed experiment, researchers impose treatments
and controls and then observe characteristics and take
measurements. Designed experiments can help establish
causation
Statistics Data
Data
The collection of all observations for a particular variable is called a data set.
Variable
A characteristic that varies from one person or thing to another.
Probability Vs. Statistical Inference
Statistical inference makes use of concepts in probability

• The sample along with inferential statistics allows us to draw conclusions about the population,
with inferential statistics making clear use of elements of probability.

• Elements in probability allow us to draw conclusions about characteristics of hypothetical data


taken from the population, based on known features of the population.

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