SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

MANAGEMENT OFFICE (MDRRMO): THE CASE OF SINILOAN, LAGUNA

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminal Justice Education

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Siniloan, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

CAREN N. JERUSALEM

2020

CHAPTER I
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Sited by (Domingo S, and Manejar A, 2018) their research entitle “Fiasco

Readiness and Neighborhood Administration within the Philippines” mention that the

Philippines is easily damage for the usual disaster since it spread both the weevil,

while a Pacific ring of fire side. The present fair inside, thousands of lives had been

misplaced, several individuals had been uprooted and many billions of harms had

been caused due to calamity occasions. The National Catastrophe Hazard Lessening

and Administration Arrange give common rules for the detailing of Local Calamity

Hazard Lessening and Administration Arrange. The entire manage is co-leader with

the Metropolitan DRRM office (MDRRMO). It includes hazard appraisal and

possibility arranging within the zone which might require inputs and data on nearby

catastrophes to discover common hazards, vulnerabilities, and climate alters hazards.

Companionship of the Barangay Calamity Hazard Lessening Administration Set

through the BDRRMC is additionally energized. The MDRRMO guides, offices for

the barangay councils for detailing their plans. The arrangement of MDRRMP with

the national, territorial, and differential system, especially with the NDRRMP should

guarantee at some point of the tactic.

In according for the Global Health Organization, easily damage place may be

a level to which a residence person or association cannot guess, cannot fight and

revise before a disaster and easily hurt people. The value of disaster education is to

aware different kinds of societies that least levels had been endorsed with enormous

count of studies. Therefore, the valued is noting those individuals that easily hurt

because of their limitation and situation that need special limitations exercise and a
focus by the assistance of taut and professional people. While there's small statistical

information on the count of kids littered with natural and made of human disasters

within the universe, the U.S calculated that around billion of children on the ages of

15 reside the effect of volcanic activity in countries. Also, out of 175million, children

every year face the disaster caused by climate changed. Scientists and person have

acknowledged that children are keen on elders, because of physical, emotional,

and cognitive skills for safety, likewise as protection against emergencies and

disasters. (Torani S, and Majd M, P.2018)

In the Philippines, stand on the province of Santa Barbara, the employment of

consolidate, LDRRM Fund the year of 2013 it is prohibited for municipalities due the

number of P4, 800,859.25 on 2013, and only P1, 625,443.02, or 33.9% is previous

obtain the monthly salaries of members of the ALERT Rescue Team (ART) and

public employee, collect Limit Building and Risk Reduction Rehabilitation and

Environmental Management parts of the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Plans. The solid regulatory help for use superfluously redirects reserves

that may have fully financed from arranged necessities of the metropolitan

arrangement consistently. While pay rates for the ALERT Rescue Team could

likewise be gathered from the program, those metropolitan workers, including their

compensation shouldn't gather against the MDRRMP since the lasting representatives

of the district, regardless of whether ad-libbed conditional to the program. (CA,

2014).

The (MDRRMO) Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Officer Engr. Cyril Batcagan said the IEC campaign on the Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management (DRRM) plans aim a increase awareness also to prepare the people

for the coming rainy season and the typhoons that may hit the municipality. Batcagan
said that the municipal government thru the LDRRMO starts the IEC campaign with

the meeting of the different barangay officials and members of the Itogon MDRRMC

on June 10 at the Itogon Training Center to present the DRRM plans. As part of the

DRRM plan, pre-emptive evacuation or possibly forced evacuation will be strongly be

implemented to ensure that people living in the geo-hazard areas particularly along

with landslide-prone and flashflood- prone areas will be safe during calamities.

(CAWIS M, 2019).

The MDRRMO establish under R.A No. 10121, the Strengthening of the

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System Act, Provision for the

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Process, and Institutionalization

of the National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy, Appropriation of Funds and Other

Objectives 2010.

In relation thereto, R.A 10121, vitiate the PD, 1566 that created the National

Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC). The NDCC revise to the National Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) because of administering

body. That produces secure the policies and plans are in situ and preparation

community to the disasters strike. The programs should increase the awareness and

understanding of hazards, and preparedness for the response and immediate recovery .

(Aika Rey, 2015).

According to the former President Arroyo, signed the Act of Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Act of 2010 amending PD No. 1566. The present law

founded the disaster risk reduction and management system not only within the

national government but also government units in the Philippines. The important

feature of RA 10121 is that the comprehensive using the five hundred disaster fund,
and the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund. Within the former law, the

disaster fund can only be used once the realms are asserted under a state of disaster.

This is significant to alert below the section, 21 of RA 10121, of the Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Fund to utilize for disaster programs and activities as to

enable communities to become disaster elastic. Therefore, utilization of the Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Fund (DRRMF) requires the formulation of a

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (DRRMP) as the source for the fund

payment. The MDRRMO shall be particularly responsibilities is to complete

monitoring and evaluation of activities to further reviewed by the Municipal Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Council because the overseeing body of the

municipality for disaster risk reduction and management. The MDRRMO shall submit

a monthly, quarterly, and annual report back to the MDRRMC and to the Municipal

Mayor informing them of the state of the implementation of the approved MDRRM

program/projects for the amount. (PAGATPATAN, 2020).

According to the Disaster Risk Reduction Management, (DRRM) Online

Cause Preparation Meeting Report 2013, Makati has been a frontrunner city within

the Philippines within the area of disaster risk reduction. Locally abroad is a good

model and deserving to honor and respect. Atty. Violeta Seva, a Senior Advisor to the

Mayor, described how the town is responding to the increased risk from the

earthquake, fire hazard, and flooding because of a typhoon. She explained that Makati

introduces institutional structures creating special bodies and capacity and

improvement within the state of the art emergency operation center, the Makati also

ventured during a redevelopment planning project which aims to cut back the physical

and social-economic vulnerability of the high-risk community to natural hazard,

particularly earthquake. (DRRM, 2013).

 The NDRRMP outlines the actions geared towards the capacitance strong of

the general administration and therefore the regime units (LGUs) along with

connection to stakeholders, to create the weather elastic of the communities and to

institutional structures and review to lessen disaster risks, involves the plans of

disaster risk to enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities in the

slightest degree levels.

The background, among others, the importance of mainstream DRRM and

CCA within development processes like policy formulation, socio-economic

development planning, budgeting, and governance particularly within the area of

environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-

use, and concrete planning and public infrastructure and housing among others.

Mainstreaming also puts forth the requirement to develop common tools to research

the assorted hazard and vulnerable factors that put our communities and folks into

harm’s way. (The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan NDRRMP

2011).

The municipality of Siniloan could be the 2nd class within the province of

Laguna, in the Philippines. According to the 2015, census a population of 38, 067

individual and it holding 20 barangays. Siniloan could be a center of education,

commerce, and transportation, serving owns in eastern Laguna and a few towns from

the province of Quezon and Rizal. The municipality has active business and trade

activities. (CALABARZON DILG, 2016).

SWOT analysis may be a framework is to evaluate a company’s competitive

position strategic planning. SWOT analysis assesses internal and external factors,

further as current and future potential. SWOT analysis may be designed to facilities a
sensible, fact-based, data-driven observe the strengths and weaknesses of a

corporation, its initiatives, or an industry. The organization must keep the analysis

accurate by abstaining from preconceived beliefs or gray areas and instead of

specializing in real contexts. Companies should use it as a guide and not necessarily

as a prescription. (Grant M, and Scott G. 2020). SWOT analysis helps us to gaet a

better understanding of our emergency plan’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,

and threats. SWOT analysis helps our emergency planning group knowledge potential

vulnerabilities. The strengths are assets does had currently on time in emergency

readiness, when near a hospital facility, that have already got a honest relationship

jointly with local emergency authorities, the kind of steps that you already taken to

continue for readiness to emergencies plan, give some thought to the situation of your

facility, training programs available in your society. Weaknesses what could you

improve, in terms of emergency preparedness, Do all of your community members

know where they collect just in case of emergency, Do they know care, Do they

understand how to the early warning system. Opportunities what opportunities exist

that you simply can make the most of is there a neighborhood Community Emergency

Response Team program that you just can group with, Are the other organization like

Red Crescent Society currently developing emergency plans that you simply can use

as examples and inspiration. Threats what obstacles do one face in terms of planning;

some obstacles maybe lack of cash or time, low enthusiasm from other community

members. (Community-Based Health workers: Review and Risk Reduction Process).

In December 2011, The Central Bicol State University of Agriculture

(CBSUA) conducted 3- days of training on the Analysis of Disaster Risk Management

System in Agriculture and Fisheries. The 3-days training aims to capacitate the group

of the Municipal/Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

(M/BRRMC) and also the Provincial DRRMC within the project sites and in other

provinces within the region in conducting Disaster Risk Management (DRM) analysis

to be ready to institutionalize disaster risk management system in the regime.

(BINOYA, 2011)

According to Siribaddana H. & Hewage S. et. al, (2012), Psychosocial and

Ethical response to disasters conducts a SWOT analysis of post-tsunami, the

management of disaster in Sri Lanka. The SWOT analysis method is usually used as a

management and planning tool worldwide. Also, it’s been employed in evaluating

mental states and other health-related areas within the world. Although the

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka was hard preparation to face a natural of

such magnitude because of the tsunami, the prevailing strength had enabled a

commendable total of labor to be conducted during the immediate and long-run

aftermath.

According to Binta Anjasni (2012) in his research entitled, “SWOT

assessment of the community potency to see the strategic planning for volcano

eruption disaster management” research contains the SWOT factors of area people to

see the interior and extern factors that exist within the association. These internal and

external factors will analyzed and examine to produce strategic planning for disaster

management system under the condition of the encircling society in the Merapi

Volcano region.

The Function and Responsibilities of MDRRMO, design, training program

and therefore the DRRM activities, corresponding of the NDRRMC’s average and

guidelines; facilitate and help risk assessment and contingency outline activities at the

local level; strengthen of local disaster risk information which has natural hazard,
vulnerabilities, and temperature the weather changes, and maintain an area risk map;

and conducting research that improvement initiatives of DRRM; to formulate and

implement a comprehensive and also to integrated local DRRM Plan (LDRRMP) in

conformity to the national, regional, provincial framework, and policies on DRR in

close coordination at the Local Development Council (LDP); prepared and labor

under the local Sanggunian through the Local DRRM Council and therefore the LDC

the annual LDRRMO Plan budget, the proposed programming of the LDRRRMF, and

other dedicated DRRM resources, and other regular funding sources and budgetary

support of the LDRRMO or BDRRMC; maintain a database of human resource and

their capacities, equipment, directories, and risky infrastructures like hospitals and

evacuation centers; function the Secretariat and executive arm of the DRRM Council

(LDRRMC); Recommended through the LDRRMC and lawmaking of local

ordinances consist with R.A 10121; Prepare and submit through the LDRRMC nad

LDC, the report on the use the LDRRMF and other dedicated DRRM resources to the

local COA, the duplicate of complete the first office director of protection (OCD) and

therefore for regional director of the operations of government officer of the DILG

and include the foremost easily hurt sectors of status of people in risk assessment and

planning.

In relation Disaster Risk Reduction and Management manage a great deal of

risk alert notice technique, direct to the Disaster Risk Reduction to provide actual and

timely warning of national emergency response association conjointly the last word

public, into numerous mass media, primarily in radio and phonephone

communications, conjointly technology for communication within the native

communities, continued conduct disaster monitor and movement of instruments and

rights of the LGUs, CSOs, public team and set the volunteers, to utilize the power
and wealth for the protection and preservation of lives’ and property throughout the

emergency in pursuance with existing policies and procedures; Development

strengthen and operational mechanisms for partnership or networking with private

sector CSOs, and volunteer groups; answer and manage the adverse effect of

emergencies and to hold out restoring the activities within affected place, insure that

there is a capable mechanism for instant delivery of food, house and for medical

finance for women and children’s, effort to form a special place where always replace

of mothers can find help with breastfeeding, nourish and take care of their babies and

provides support to every other; Coordinate other Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management activities. Organize links and network with other Local Government

Units for Disaster Risk Reduction and emergency response purposes. Establish a

provincial city or municipal and barangay DRRM operation center (OFFICE OF THE

MDRRMO 2015).

The Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

(MDRRMC) through the MDRRM Office conduct a two-day Joint Capability

Building Exercises Activity on April 22-23 2018 at Palaumbaness Island, Caramoan,

Catanduanes. This activity aims to capacitate the LGU based Emergency Responders

& Volunteers to retort to any emergency within the area of responsibility. This aims

to refresh the pieces of training learned by these responders’ especially land-based

rescue, water safety, and standard attention to support the aspiration for a safer, better

prepared, and elastic municipality. The first activities goal is to save lots of life’s and

a chance to the progress of social interactions and established linkages relations

enable the agency to reply better to the wish of the community and joined by

MDRRMO of Baras, and Caramora, also the Pandan station of Philippine Coast

Guard (PCG). (WEBDEV TEAM 2018).

 The province of Laguna, located nearer outside the Philippines’ head of a table

of Manila, is revealing a large number of risks, the first of which is inundation. The

overload of the gush of Laguna de Bay the largest lake and internal rivers turn in the

farmland keen on immense water thanks to heavy cloudburst deterioration to incorrect

garbage administration. For many years, inundation has damaged territory, economy;

also therefore the life of the population of the province. 2011, the planet Food

Program begins with Disaster Preparedness and Response/weather Change

Adaptations Programmed (DPR/CCA) Programmed in calamity area province like

Laguna to assist lessen the chance of such risks. (CHASE LIM, 2015).

Albay Philippine, the rapid escalation of Taal’s volcanic activity within the

week caught many unexpectedly, despite the particular undeniable fact that the

volcano is the foremost active within the country. One in every rationale for this sort

of reaction, particularly in Calabarzon where the volcano is found, is that the dearth of

the eruption as shown during a nationwide survey. A 2017 nationwide household

survey by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiatives Program on Elastic Communities

(HHIPRC) said 100% of households surveyed in Calabarzon do not have any disaster

management plan specific for volcanic eruptions. The 2017 survey said only 22% of

the surveyed population in Calabarzon reported experiencing volcanic eruptions and

lava flows within the past. The last recorded discharge of Taal was in 1877 said

Ylanan; while Dimaculangan and Consulta are younger. In terms of disaster 75% of

the survey, residents reported that they learned the way to reply to a natural disaster

from experiences with disasters. Most of the respondents thought “improved

planning” should be done to help household better steel oneself against disasters

(34%), followed by education, training, or awareness (18%). 1/2 the household in

Calabarzon (52%) had medical insurance but life (21%), benefit (3%), and residential
(2%) assurance low. 99.80% national average, of the household surveyed across the

Philippines, had no disaster management plan specific for dismissal. (CONDE, 2020)

A Barangay and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Operation Center is organized by Municipal Disaster Risk Management (MDRRM) to

respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out surviving

activities at the most vulnerable site, especially for the primary sectors of women,

children, senior citizens and PWDs. SWOT is primarily used by the association to

examine the internal strengths, shortcomings, and the opportunities and risks of the

community.With the use of the introductory stages in designing and deciding also the

acts for beginning to progress a thought or finding an answer that obtains into

considering a lot of alternative factors of internal and external. The goal of practice is

to maximize the available strengths and opportunities while minimizing the effect of

the weaknessess and threats to realize the best result. The SWOT analysis of India

base on the project on Preparing future Practice and Capacitance Building Strategy for

Disaster Risk Reduction under (NCRMP).In India, abundant citizens may cover

effective disaster risk reduction programs with the assistance of major, capably

organized, and support public awareness efforts. (Choudhury, 2016)

Theoretical Framework

Strategic Planning Theory

Strategic planning is an recognize the valuable discipline, an invaluable,

methodical, and enduring process that allows the association to planning the

consumption and utilization of their wealth, ability, and wisdom to get their

association mission, goals, and objectives in environments of continuing change. In

particular at times of high levels of modification that strategic planning places an

organization in the additional nimble state, status of preparedness a lot attuned to

current and another status, therefore, the higher preparation to flex or maybe

altogether change to the strategic push and the planning operation at local moreover

as at higher scale when invaluable, sometimes arrangement economical, political and

social change happen. ( Beynon C. 2017)

Theory of Planned Behavior and Disaster Preparedness

Disaster preparedness is an activity that ensures that resources are available

after the disaster or can be readily obtained when necessary to provide a successful

response. Disaster preparedness involves an intensive understanding of the cause of

disaster preparedness actions to impact success or non-performance (DPB). A shift in

calamity may be a significant severance of the functioning of an inter-community or

society that includes widespread disappearance of people, raw resources, economic or

environmental disappearance, and effects that surpass the impact of the community or

society's ability to cope with its wealth. While the types and causes of disasters are

generally different, the impact results are usually the disaster should be an issue of

disaster impacts. Disaster preparedness is for planning and modifications, such as

storing food and preparing the house for an emergency, preparing an emergency kit,

and other danger or accident and harm prevention activities. Disaster preparedness

can be a health and behavior defense that has been taken as a way by the therapeutic

interventions to the middle stage. While several thousands of lives have been

suddenly impacted annually by disasters, the benefit concern does not have to brace

itself for disaster strikes. It is therefore evident that many broad-based behavioral

improvement efforts are required. Successful marketing disaster preparedness

interventions involved a radical view of the factors that could impact the success or

non-performance of disaster preparedness actions (DPB). For the present purpose of

the DPB, the concept of expected actions may be specifically extended to the domain

of disaster risk mitigation and behavioral interest. (Helen E, et al. 2017).

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

I. Profile of the
respondents

 Age
 Sex
 Civil status
 Educational
Attainment
MDRRMO Officers  Length of Service
 Training and Seminar
Attended, associated
with training
 Monthly Income
II. The level of
preparedness.
 Implementation of law
 Training programs
 And, Activities
III. Problem encountered
in operation.

Figure l. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1. The paradigm shows the Input, process, and output of the SWOT
analysis of the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office.

Statement of the Problems

This study will try to answer the following sub-problems:

1. What are the profiles of the respondents, in terms of?

 1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Civil status

1.4 Educational Attainment

1.5 Length of Service

1.6 Training and Seminar Attended, associated with training

2. What is the level of preparedness of the equipment of Siniloan, Laguna MDRRMO

when possible emergency on any threat of disaster?

3. What is the implemented program and training activities of MDRRMO to aware

people in Siniloan, Laguna to confirm their safety?

4. What is the problem that encounter and solution of MDRRMO in Siniloan,

Laguna?

Hypothesis

Ho: In the case of a disaster in Siniloan, Laguna had been lower, because of the

SWOT analysis of Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices,

successfully maintain the awareness and preparedness to the calamities.

Scope and Limitation

The researcher of the study conduct research to determine A SWOT analysis

of the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office; the case of

Siniloan, Laguna. This research study is limited to the MDRRMO officers of

Siniloan, Laguna. Significance of the Study

Future researcher. The result of this study will help future researchers to gather data

about the SWOT analysis of MDRRMO.

Community. This study helps the community to aware and to ensure their safety, and

also to inform them of the planning of MDRRMO to maintaining the safety of people.
Local Government Unit. For the result of the study LGU’s help the MDRRMO to

support training programs and seminars that could help them to improved their skills,

and provide equipment and materials that will use the MDRRMO officers.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office. For MDRRMO

officers this study guides them to improved performance and to aware of the main

problem of planning in a time of natural disaster.

Definition of Terms

MDRRMO. Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office.

Comprehensive. It is research affairs, thoroughly understanding or realizing of mind,

had in-depth mental range or grasp, of the particular subject or, any subject, and

assurance covering or giving broad protection against loss.

Organization. A corporation may be a team of individuals that work together, as an

area of association, and benevolence group, a guild, or an organization. The

organization is additionally a forming or establishing partnership. It often talks over

with a system or regulatory or order, or a structure for classifying things.

SWOT Analysis. SWOT analysis can gather the strengths, weaknesses, possibilities,

and threats of the organization. A SWOT analysis is an agency that encourages the

growth of understanding of all factors involved in company decision-making.

Disaster Preparedness. Disaster preparedness refers to a measure to plan and

mitigate the effects of disasters to anticipate and, if possible, avoid disasters, mitigate

their impact on vulnerable communities, and respond to the outcome and resolve it

effectively.

Disaster. A disaster is an occurrence that disrupts traditional living conditions and

affects or exceeds the extent of deprivation and the community's capacity for

adaptation.
R.A 10121. Republic Act 10121, Aggrandizing the Philippine Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management System Act, providing for the national disaster risk

reduction management process and institutionalizing the national disaster risk

reduction and management strategy, appropriating funds and opposite opposite

purposes, May 27, 2010

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The calamity risk reduction is a central movement that needs for handling the

disaster risk, to cooperate for making progress that sustains the strengthening of the

administration into the calamity risk, and the current case for a broad not explaining

of disaster risk reduction. (UNDRR 2015). The main chance to lessen the disaster risk

is to make more activities of tree planting to avoid or to lessen the possible cause of

disaster risk. To reduce the two parts of hazard required to identify and lessen the

underlying drivers of hazard, which are mostly connected to poor economic and urban

progress choices and training, poverty of society, adversity and unfairness, and

weather change, that make and exacerbate the condition of hazard, reviling, and

dangerous area. Addressing those primary risk drives will minimize calamity change;

decrease the effect of weather change, that hence, keeping the sustainability of

progress (UNISDR Global Assessment Report 2015).

According to the report of Bonife 2014, chapter 17 calamity Risk Reduction

and Organization and Land Use Planning, mentions the problem meet of Human

Resource that leads to more labor that the consequence of unimplemented proposal

and plans. There’s no permanent MDRRO as of the moment, since before the

typhoon they have 4 MDRRMO, and the current MDRRMO will not be staying for

long as well.( DRRMLUP, 2015).

The effort of disaster risk reduction is to lessen the tragedy risk using

analyzing and systematic planning for the possible cause of the disaster. The

decreasing of hazards is reduction exposure of community and territory, smart

managing of land and the environment, and planning awareness for adverse

happening are examples of disaster risk reduction. Disasters depend on the condition

natural hazards. Disaster cruelty depends on the impact of risk is on association and

the environment. The degrees of impact will rely on the choices we make for our lives

and environment. The relation in growing foods depends on our choice, and to build

our shelter family where and the kind of government of the community, for our

financial method of works, and even teaching in schools. For every planning and

behavior that makes us more vulnerable to disasters and or more elastic to them.

(DRR, 2012).

According to “2018 Situational Analysis of Myanmar Disaster Risk

Reduction” the establishment, the permission, and the DRR Working Group have

been expressed around four enter areas, strengthening DRR organization, of public

disaster awareness, and mitigation, the establishment the information and awareness

of DRR, plus improvement of sectors. A modern strategic and planning strategic

process is to aware people of the possible result of implementation. (SADRR, 2018).

According to (Roberta O and Sorrenti et al. 2017) in their study of “Italian

civil protection for resist and chance”, mention that the Italian implement the

warning zone to be aware of the upcoming disasters. Functional Centre evaluated

the critical level, the equivalent of the alert level will know through the select color

of codes this monitoring is in charge the regional civil protection for the decrease

alert level. The activation of the alert level of a municipality has used the account to

make a plan and to prepare for an emergency operation. The people knew where the

safe place because they are aware of the warning system that point they need to

protect themselves. The Italian general territory is exposed to a broad range of

natural hazards, including landslides, which every year causes a major number of
casualties and considerable economic damage. The defenselessness of the

population and the environment is increased by human activities.

A cited by Carter (2021) being advanced in preparing for any possible disaster

is make our lives calm and no worries because helping to your self are important to be

aware and to provide or storing foods, water, and emergency kit, and the very

important is you know where you go in times that you need to evacuate, you need to

have communication for any centers. Practicing emergency planning is the best way

to be prepared, checking a storage area and emergency kit, for every six months, and

completing your plan every year, including your contact numbers, and ensuring the

place of evacuation is the place that you go, all the details is updated.

As cited by Lingkar (2011), the Indonesian disaster education, they have a

baseline to implement actions for disaster risk, these are the following, 1). To secure

that the objective is for state and every society and environment to maintain the safety

of all to implement their action.2). to evaluate and examine the climate change to give

an alert alarming to aware and for the safety of the individuals, 3).using their

understanding, profession, and purpose to establish the traditional preparedness for

safety, and to be calm at all time. 4). for lessening the cause or the reason for disaster

risk. 5). to make strong the level of preparedness for the effective operation for

possible climate change. And to knew the ability of society to minimize climate

change in a restricted stage when the people know to decrease the exposed areas of

disaster risk.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan gave general

rules to the detailing of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan.

Incorporation of the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan through the
BDRRMC is additionally energized. The MDRRMO directs and encourages pieces of

training for the barangay chambers in detailing their separate plans. The arrangement

of MDRRMP with the public, territorial, and commonplace structure, especially with

the NDRRMP must be guaranteed all through the cycle. The proposed MDRRMP and

spending plan detailed by the MDRRMO will be submitted to the Sangguniang Bayan

through the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Council and the Local Development

Council. Remembered for the MDRRMP are refreshed danger and danger maps,

environment projections and past calamity evaluations in the district typically sourced

from CDRA, and a DRRM speculation programming plan enumerating appropriate

project ventures and exercises. Prioritization of PPAs for incorporation to the city

yearly speculation plan is led during MDRRMC gatherings. Asset use and

achievement reports are submitted month to month to the inward workplaces of the

LGU and the Department of Budget and Management; quarterly to DILG; month to

month for Office of Civil Defense, and every year to Commission on Audit. Checking

viewpoint manages the data that gives headings in setting the yearly needs and

spending plans. Then again, assessing, perspective spotlights on productivity,

viability, and effects.

As cited by Gaillard (2012) in a country that is topographically unpredictable

and blasted by roughly twenty hurricanes consistently, it is regular for the Philippines

to see debacles because of the dangers of Nature or characteristic risks. The event of

disaster risk in the Philippines is regularly clarified by calling attention to the way that

the Philippines is in the hurricane belt, just as in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Furthermore,

social researchers focus on individuals' view of the danger and how they adjust, with

an accentuation on peril related dangers, for example, the extent, term, and recurrence

of risks. It is accepted that the individuals with an okay discernment adjust gravely to
the danger, though those with a high impression of danger are required to adjust

without any problem. As a result, there is a predominant arrangement that the degree

of harm and human setbacks that follow a catastrophe is brought about by both the

limits of Nature and the low impression of danger alongside deficient practices. This

agreement nonetheless, ends up being inconvenient for everybody as it shapes how

catastrophe hazard decrease arrangements are made in the Philippines.

While the study of Mercader, et al, (2014), “The Contextual investigation ON

THE Catastrophe Readiness OF THE District OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN

SAMAR: THE Instance OF SUPER Storm YOLANDA" the changing environment

comparative with the turn of events and industrialization of nations in the worldwide

range, mankind is tested commonly that retaliates through cataclysms. From that point

forward, individuals discovered nearly nothing and moderate measures to relieve or

reduce the impacts of startling disater, all things considered; nations oftentimes visited

by normal disasters have gotten powerless against extreme harm of properties and

various setbacks. "readiness indicates a choice cycle for future foreseen occasions

with assessed probabilities of events and of outcomes, in which choices and their

related activities are actualized ahead of time of a characteristic or human-made fiasco

and are pointed toward decreasing debacle results to levels thought about worthy.

As the study of Jurilla (2016) Clearing drills and recreation exercises and other

calamity preparing should be directed among workplaces and schools as well as

among families in peril inclined barangays of each district. Since

adequate/subsidizing assets is a critical factor in the achievement of the debacle of the

executives, it is subsequently suggested that LDRRMM of poor and catastrophe

inclined LGUs ought to be given need by the public and common government during

the circulation of calamity aid/help from private and unfamiliar benefactors all
together that their LDRRMF will be expanded. What's more, city catastrophe hazards

decrease the board gathering are urged to procure an organization with NGOs to

expand uphold for fiasco casualties, and above all, political separation should not be a

premise in giving debacle help.

According to Amaratunga, et al, (2018), For DRR activities to be viable,

urban areas should have an away from the danger that they are confronting. Danger

appraisals are in this way fundamental in understanding the dangers and for settling

on educated choices. Preventive foundations help evade or decrease the effects of

debacles and as such, it is fundamental to reinforce the defensive framework to

defend urban areas from fiascos. It is imperative to secure indispensable offices, for

example, schools and clinics which offer fundamental social types of assistance.

Danger delicate structure guidelines, development codes, and land use arranging are

fundamental in diminishing danger and weakness. Significantly, neighborhood local

area thinks about the perils and dangers that they are presented to so they can be

more ready to adapt to the possible fiascos. Ensuring biological systems and

common cradles are fundamental in alleviating calamities emerging from normal

risks. Compelling readiness, early admonition, and the reaction are the ninth

fundamental as it assists with guaranteeing urban areas, networks, and people can

act fittingly to diminish the dangers presented by characteristic and human prompted

fiascos.

As posited by Nabi and Gibson (2012), firsts and premier the significant test to

activity on Disaster Risk Reduction is the ability and political responsibility of

different organizations including the Government and significant contributors which

is additionally exacerbated by the assets accessible for the equivalent. There has to a

profound examination on what spending plan of the Government spending plan is

spent on DRR activities. We likewise need to take a gander at the number of givers

are supporting DRR programs and what % of their complete spending plan goes for

DRR interventions. Action on calamity hazard decrease that can be considered "top-

down", there are "base up" challenges that mirror the troubles natural in connecting

with individuals in routine wellbeing advancement and danger anticipation exercises

as a rule. Information interpretation endeavors that make hypothesis and proof on

DRR available and persuading to everyone are a significant segment in building

versatility.

While a study by Blasco, (2015) one significant issue experienced by the

DRRM in the Philippines is ineptness when it calamity and crisis circumstance

emerges. The DRRM in our nation has poor metropolitan administration bringing

about wasteful and ineffectual building regulations and helpless land-use arranging at

the neighborhood level. The reason isn't realizing how to change over what we know

right into it. Classes and talks have been held about disaster hazards. However, almost

no consideration has been given to real exhibits or penetrates with the goal that we

can apply what we have realized. Also, climate figures, risk warnings and logical data

have been given no or next to no appreciation.

As cited by Asio (2020), this can't help contradicting our present public

circumstance wherein the public authority gave a solid public stage and law for

disaster the executives for the country. Care and insight, monetary and specialized

assets, strategy, institutional courses of action, administration, and HR deflect

compelling and convenient institutional readiness and reactions to the disaster. These

thoughts supplement the setting of strategy making and believable local area support

from such imaginative and lawful boundaries of calamity the executives.

 As cited by Encarnation et al. (2015), Data about preparing occasions, drills,

classes, gatherings and such don't contact the individuals planned. Individuals that

need to chip in or contribute thoughts in gatherings about making arrangements for

alleviation and readiness can't because the data on when or where gatherings are held

don't contact them. The data about this only goes through the authorities and the

individuals they interact with.

According to Lagmay, et al. (2019), it was discovered that the various

setbacks were because of insufficient notice given during the methodology of the

typhoons. During a looming risk, alerts should be exact, solid, justifiable, and ideal.

Regardless of the accessibility of guides that recognized safe zones for various

networks, admonitions raised during the PDRA for both typhoons were considered

too broad calling for clearings of entire regions. Thusly, not all networks were cleared

in an ideal way due to disappointment in the critical components of a compelling early

admonition framework.

According to Vargas, et, al (2018). Before the event of the hurricane, the

MDRRMO had just directed debacle training on seismic tremors, fire, and flood with

the neighborhood and barangay authorities as members. On account of Typhoon

Karen, metropolitan government authorities directed climate observing through their

admittance to the Philippine Atmospheric and Geophysical Astronomical Services

Administration (PAGASA) site fair and square of the downpour check situated

around the flood-inclined regions of the district.

As cited by Macalandag, et al (2011), world governments are increasingly

worried, concurrently, consistently increasing their interests in flexibility to counter

the result of common perils and weaknesses achieved by the impacts of environmental
change. Strategy and arranging systems in the matter of disaster flexibility have been

created and given need. The Philippines has formed a public Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management (DRRM) strategy pointed toward getting ready for and overseeing

calamities just as expanding environmental change flexibility over the long haul.

Based on the most recent report of the Laguna Provincial Disaster

Coordinating Council (PDCC) the aftermath of Ondoy last October 1, 2009, 125,319

families accounting for 613,519 individuals is still affected within the whole province.

Of the said figure 23,376 composing 116,599 evacuation centers most of which are

public schools. This has hampered classes since students need to drop to the

displaced.

The impact of the flood on the students is the loss of interest in going to

school. Thousands of families in siniloan, laguna are affected by the typhoon. The

Philippines is one of the foremost disaster-prone countries in the universe. The

Philippine archipelago is the prone area to different kinds of disaster change like what

happened if the pacific ring of fire. (Smith 2016).

As cited by Canaway (2020), the MDRRMO of Palawan conduct the disaster

preparedness to give an information and awareness for every place of Quezon. Officer

Molina of disaster risk reduction of Palawan, give a public awareness for the

southwest monsoon and the possible happened if the typhoon start to hit their place,

officer Mario Molina was focused of the near area or the place that have many case of

flood and landslide, also they provide a bulletin plan to secure that every individual in

their place knows what they do to reduce the main cause of the disaster risk.
 While the study of Bollettino et al, (2018) “the Perception of Disaster

Resilience and Preparedness in the Philippines”, its revealed that 31 % of Filipinos

said that they prepared, 83% that they aware to they discuss the preparedness in their

families, 27 % of population was confidently that they adapt the climate change that

the cause or result of the disaster, 41% said that they hard to cope the weather

changes, and the result of that. And while in a training of preparedness they found that

the previous individual is not interested or not participated in the training so they are

not aware for the possible happened.

As cited by Aquino (2021) the MDRRMO conducting defogging for defensive

measures to help Manila City Hall to reduce the Covid-19 case. According to Llorito

(2020), the a lot of disaster hit the different place of Philippine while fighting the

COVID-19 pandemic, all the people are inside the house for their safety, that

implement lockdown in every areas, in economic 8.1 % of economy high poverty like

in a past years, 2021 to 2022 may the possible improvement and recovery of all

damage cause of crisis.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods used by the researcher in conducting the

study. It includes research design, respondents and sampling technique, research

locale, research instrument, data collection and analysis.

Research Design

The researcher used descriptive method to determine the SWOT analysis of

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office. As cited by QuestionPro

(2020), is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of the

population or phenomenon studied. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of

the research subject than the “why” of the research subject. The descriptive research

method primarily focuses on describing the nature of a demographic segment, without

focusing on “why” a particular phenomenon occurs. In other words, it “describes” the

subject of the research, without covering “why” it happens. At all times, descriptive

research is concerned with how, what is or what exist in relation to come preceding

events that influence in affecting a present condition or event.

Respondents and Sampling Techniques

The respondents of this study were 20 MDRRMO Officers in municipality of

Siniloan, Laguna. They were chosen as they were the best and suited persons to

answer the self-made survey questionnaire as they are the persons who are appointed

or hired as MDRRMO Officers.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in the Barangay Laguio and Burgos in Siniloan,

Laguna, and this place was selected for knowing efficiency of the said study, this two

barangays in a common area of disaster risk, the barangay Laguio is a main area of
accidents and landslide, However, barangay Bugos is always have a flood, even its

not a heavy rain.

Research Instruments

The following statistical tools were used in order to answer the specific questions of

the study.

This study used a structured questionnaire for MDRRMO Officers, it have two

parts questionnaire provide by the researcher the, first part indicates the profile (age,

sex, educational attainment, civil status, length of service and training/seminar

attended related to MDRRMO); second part, was an open - ended questions regarding

problems encountered by the MDRRMO Officers in handling issues on disaster Risk

in their barangay.

Data Collection and Analysis

The researcher sent a request letter to the MDRRMO of Siniloan Municipal,

MDRMMO to have an access of SWOT Analysis for the year 2018-2019. After the

approval of the MDRRMO, the researcher starts gathering the data based on the

statement of the problems. The researcher spent two weeks to gather the data

necessary for her study.