Loads on Stack

2
1 Internal Pressure Pi = 0.000981 N/mm
2
2 Vaccum Pv = 0.0004905 N/mm
2
3.1 Wind Pressure at Section 1 Pw1 = 0.00131551 N/mm
2
3.2 Design External Pressure at Section 1 Pe1 = 0.00180601 N/mm
3.3 Wind Moment at Section 1 M1 = 9471686.4 N/mm
2
4.1 Wind Pressure at Section 2 Pw2 = 0.0013039 N/mm
2
4.2 Design External Pressure at Section 2 Pe2 = 0.0017944 N/mm
4.3 Wind Moment at Section 2 M2 = 37803110.4 N/mm
2
5.1 Wind Pressure at Section 3 Pw3 = 0.00128357 N/mm
2
5.2 Design External Pressure at Section 3 Pe3 = 0.00177407 N/mm
5.3 Wind Moment at Section 3 M3 = 84764275.2 N/mm
2
6.1 Wind Pressure at Section 4 Pw4 = 0.00126034 N/mm
2
6.2 Design External Pressure at Section 4 Pe4 = 0.00175084 N/mm
6.3 Wind Moment at Section 4 M4 = 150041549 N/mm
2
7.1 Wind Pressure at Section 5 Pw5 = 0.00123827 N/mm
2
7.2 Design External Pressure at Section 5 Pe5 = 0.00172877 N/mm
7.3 Wind Moment at Section 5 M5 = 233308754 N/mm
2
8.1 Wind Pressure at Section 6 Pw6 = 0.00121968 N/mm
2
8.2 Design External Pressure at Section 6 Pe6 = 0.00171018 N/mm
8.3 Wind Moment at Section 6 M6 = 316446143 N/mm
2
9.1 Wind Pressure at Section 7 Pw7 = 0.0011616 N/mm
2
9.2 Design External Pressure at Section 7 Pe7 = 0.0016521 N/mm
9.3 Wind Moment at Section 7 M7 = 399169356 N/mm
2
10 Wind Pressure at Section 8 Pw8 = 0.0011616 N/mm
2
10 Design External Pressure at Section 8 Pe8 = 0.0016521 N/mm
10 Wind Moment at Section 8 M8 = 709602317 N/mm

Unit Loads and Layer Calculations

At Section 8 ( Conical Section)
Maximum external Pressure Pem8 = 0.0016521
Maximum internal Pressure Pim8 = 0.000981
Cone Angle ø = 2.45403167
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø8 = 1.11619116 N/mm As Per En-13121-3-2008 10.4.3.1
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø8 = 0.66278284 N/mm ø 8
Axial Compressive Unit Load in Cone to Knuckle Junction
due to Pressure Qcx8 = 3.27859245 N/mm Kc2 2.94
Axial tensile Unit Load in Cone to Knuckle Junction due to
Pressure Qtx9 = 1.9467945 N/mm
Equivalent Diameter of Flare Portion Def = 1050.96384 mm As Per En-13121-3-2008 10.4.3.2.b
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm8 = 817.993011 N/mm

Weight on Section 8 By Upper sections W 1-7 = 24256.8055 Kg

237959.262 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 100.993047 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.66278284 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 1.11619116 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 819.939806 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 922.264651 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 922.264651 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 40 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 38 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 145

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 143
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 255.1975
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2309180
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9048.59961 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm From Elastic Modulus Sheet 0.15013769
Checking For Stability Pcr 86.177 0.02898848 0.0143
Effective Length of Shell Ls = 7006.42562 mm H/Cosø Pcr 239.87
Type of Conical Shell Long Shell
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = 239.872121
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6
Checking For Pc/Pem8 >F Pcr/Pem8 = 145192.253 61.911
Safe
k 0.8315 Uc 437977
Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 437977.315
Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 474.893313
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

1.25
(Qxc x F/Ucr) =
0.00423588
(Pem8 x F /Pcr)1.25=
3.3133E-06
1.25 1.25
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr) + (Pem8 x F /Pcr) =0.0042392
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 8 As = 23.111902 m2 23.111902
Weight Of section CSM wt 1508.05161 Kg
Resin for Csm 3061.34476 Kg
WRM wt 2016.05121 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 2459.58248 Kg
Total Weight of Section 8 9045.03006 Kg
W8 =
88731.7449 N

At Section 7
Maximum external Pressure Pem7 = 0.0016521
Maximum internal Pressure Pim7 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø7 = 0.6195375 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø7 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx7 = 0.30976875 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx7 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm7 = 903.534593 N/mm
20568.3423 Kg
Weight on Section 7 By Upper sections W 1-6 =
201775.438 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 85.6361556 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6195375 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 903.71853 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 989.480517 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 989.480517 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 42 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 40 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 145

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 143
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 255.1975
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2309180
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9048.59961 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 616082.51

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 622.63228
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

 (Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 =
0.00301925
(Pem7 x F /Pcr)1.25=
1.4069E-06
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 + (Pem8 x F /Pcr)1.25 =
0.00302066
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 7 As = 9.42477796 m2
Weight Of section CSM wt 614.966762 Kg
Resin for Csm 1248.38253 Kg
WRM wt 822.123382 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 1002.99053 Kg
Total Weight of Section 7 3688.4632 Kg
W7 =
36183.8239 N

At Section 6
Maximum external Pressure Pem6 = 0.00171018
Maximum internal Pressure Pim6 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø6 = 0.6413175 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø6 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx6 = 0.32065875 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx6 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm6 = 716.287543 N/mm
17007.9477 Kg
Weight on Section 6 By Upper sections W 1-5 =
166847.967 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 70.8124765 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6413175 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 716.47148 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 787.420678 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 787.420678 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 34 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 32 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 140

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 138
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 246.345
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2228880
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9047.79882 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 573906.785

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 728.843934
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 =
0.00247968
(Pem6 x F /Pcr)1.25=1.469E-06
1.25 1.25
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr) + (Pem8 x F /Pcr) =
0.00248115
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 6 As = 9.42477796 m2
Weight Of section CSM wt 593.761012 Kg
Resin for Csm 1205.33485 Kg
WRM wt 793.377809 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 967.920927 Kg
Total Weight of Section 6 3560.3946 Kg
W6 =
34927.471 N
At Section 5
Maximum external Pressure Pem5 = 0.00172877
Maximum internal Pressure Pim5 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø5 = 0.6482871 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø5 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx5 = 0.32414355 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx5 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm5 = 528.10299 N/mm
13447.5531 Kg
Weight on Section 5 By Upper sections W 1-4 =
131920.496 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 55.9887974 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6482871 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 528.286927 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 584.415931 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 584.415931 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 26 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 24 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 140

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 138
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 246.345
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2228880
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9047.79882 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 573906.785

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 982.017695
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 = 0.0017082
(Pem5 x F /Pcr)1.25=1.489E-06
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 + (Pem8 x F /Pcr)1.25 =
0.00170969
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 5 As = 9.42477796 m2
Weight Of section CSM wt 593.761012 Kg
Resin for Csm 1205.33485 Kg
WRM wt 793.377809 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 967.920927 Kg
Total Weight of Section 5 3560.3946 Kg
W5 =
34927.471 N
At Section 4
Maximum external Pressure Pem4 = 0.00175084
Maximum internal Pressure Pim4 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø4 = 0.6565635 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø4 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx4 = 0.32828175 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx4 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm4 = 339.624593 N/mm
10015.2271 Kg
Weight on Section 4 By Upper sections W 1-3 =
98249.3779 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 41.6983311 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6565635 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 339.80853 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 381.651205 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 381.651205 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 17 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 15 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 135

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 133
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 237.4925
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2148580
 2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9046.93832 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 533226.431

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 1397.15642
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

1.25
(Qxc x F/Ucr) =
0.00109934
(Pem4 x F /Pcr)1.25=
1.5128E-06
1.25 1.25
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr) + (Pem8 x F /Pcr) =
0.00110085
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 4 As = 9.42477796 m2
Weight Of section CSM wt 572.555261 Kg
Resin for Csm 1162.28718 Kg
WRM wt 764.632236 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 932.851328 Kg
Total Weight of Section 4 3432.32601 Kg
W4 =
33671.1181 N
At Section 3
Maximum external Pressure Pem3 = 0.00177407
Maximum internal Pressure Pim3 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø3 = 0.6652755 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø3 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx3 = 0.33263775 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx3 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm3 = 191.867071 N/mm
6659.74226 Kg
Weight on Section 3 By Upper sections W 1-2 =
65332.0715 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 27.7277923 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6652755 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 192.051008 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 219.927501 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 219.927501 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 11 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 9 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 132

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 130
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 232.181
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2100400
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9046.39053 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 509535.998

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 2316.83621
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 =
0.00058421
(Pem3 x F /Pcr)1.25=
1.5379E-06
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 + (Pem8 x F /Pcr)1.25 =
0.00058575
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 3 As = 9.42477796 m2
Weight Of section CSM wt 559.831811 Kg
Resin for Csm 1136.45858 Kg
WRM wt 747.384892 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 911.809569 Kg
Total Weight of Section 3 3355.48485 Kg
W3 =
32917.3064 N
At Section 2
Maximum external Pressure Pem2 = 0.0017944
Maximum internal Pressure Pim2 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø2 = 0.6728985 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø2 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx2 = 0.33644925 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx2 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm2 = 85.5687379 N/mm
3304.25741 Kg
Weight on Section 2 By Upper sections W1 =
32414.7652 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 13.7572536 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6728985 N/mm
Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 85.7526754 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 99.6624408 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 99.6624408 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 6 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 4 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 132

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 130
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 232.181
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2100400
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9046.39053 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 509535.998

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 5112.61809
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 =
0.00021721
(Pem2 x F /Pcr)1.25=
1.5599E-06
1.25 1.25
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr) + (Pem8 x F /Pcr) =
0.00021877
Safe
Surface Area Of Section 2 As = 9.42477796 m2
Weight Of section CSM wt 559.831811 Kg
Resin for Csm 1136.45858 Kg
WRM wt 747.384892 Kg
Resin for Wrm = 911.809569 Kg
Total Weight of Section 2 3355.48485 Kg
W2 =
32917.3064 N
At Section 1
Maximum external Pressure Pem1 = 0.00180601
Maximum internal Pressure Pim1 = 0.000981
Maximum Circumferential Compressive Unit Load Qcø1 = 0.6772545 N/mm
Maximum Circumferential tensile Unit Load Qtø1 = 0.367875 N/mm
Axial Compressive Unit Load due to Pressure Qcx1 = 0.33862725 N/mm
Axial tensile Unit Load due to Pressure Qtx1 = 0.1839375 N/mm
Axial Unit load due to Wind Qxm1 = 21.4395123 N/mm
0 Kg
Weight on Section 1 By Upper sections W1 =
0 N
Axial Unit Load due to Weight Qxcw = 0 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Tensile Load Qøt = 0.367875 N/mm
Combined Circumferential Compressive Load Qøc = 0.6772545 N/mm
 Combined Axial tensile Load Qxt = 21.6234498 N/mm
Combined Axial Compressive Load Qxc = 21.7781396 N/mm
Max Unit Load Qmax = 21.7781396 N/mm
CSM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load CSM = 3 Nos
WRM Mat Requirement for above Max Unit load WRM = 1 Nos

Selected Number of CSM CSM = 130

Selected Number of WRM WRM = 128
Thickness of Above Laminate Thk = 228.64
Unit Modulus Xlam = 2068280
2
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity Ex = 9046.0112 N/mm
2
Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Eb = 8000 N/mm
Checking For Stability
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = Will be Checked at the end
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6

Critical Buckling Load Ucr = 494041.45

Checking For Ucr/Qxc >F Ucr/Qxc = 22685.1999
Safe

Checking for Combined axial and radial compressive loadings

(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 = 3.373E-05
(Pem1 x F /Pcr)1.25=1.5726E-06
Checking for(Qxc x F/Ucr)1.25 + (Pem8 x F /Pcr)1.25 =3.5302E-05
Safe
2
Surface Area Of Section 1 As = 9.42477796 m
Weight Of section CSM wt 551.349511 Kg

Resin for Csm 1119.23951 Kg

WRM wt 735.886663 Kg

Resin for Wrm = 897.781729 Kg

Total Weight of Section 1 3304.25741 Kg
W1 =
32414.7652 N Stiffener Required

Calculation Of Critical Buckling Pressure

Effective Length of Shell Ls = 35006.4256 mm Lconical+Lcyl
Long Shell
Critical Buckling Pressure Pcr = 475.97279
Buckling Safety Factor F = 6
Checking For Pc/Pem8 >F Pcr/Pem8 = 288101.683
Safe

Summary of All Section

Elastic
Modulus
Thickness Weight )
Moment of InertiaCG ( E
Sr No Section mm kg mm4 mm N/mm2
1 Section 1 228.64 3304.26 88748660770 2000 8249.58
2 Section 2 232.18 3355.48 91217139336 2000 8249.67
3 Section 3 232.18 3355.48 91217139336 2000 8249.67
4 Section 4 237.49 3432.33 95001705233 2000 8249.79
5 Section 5 246.35 3560.39 1.01532E+11 2000 8249.99
6 Section 6 246.35 3560.39 1.01532E+11 2000 8249.99
7 Section 7 255.20 3688.46 1.08347E+11 2000 8250.17
8 Section 8 255.20 9045.03 2.31844E+11 3683.71 8250.17