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Protozoa Manuscript

The document discusses four types of protozoa: Sporozoa, which are unicellular parasites responsible for diseases like malaria; Ciliates, which use cilia for movement and have thousands of species; Flagellates, which use flagella for movement; and Amoeba, including the commonly studied Amoeba proteus species.

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60 views4 pages

Protozoa Manuscript

The document discusses four types of protozoa: Sporozoa, which are unicellular parasites responsible for diseases like malaria; Ciliates, which use cilia for movement and have thousands of species; Flagellates, which use flagella for movement; and Amoeba, including the commonly studied Amoeba proteus species.

Uploaded by

Luthfiyyah Annisa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Luthfiyyah Annisa Nur A

02211942000011
PROTOZOA

1. Sporozoa

Sporozoa is a large subphylum consisting of many unicellular, intracellular parasites.


Currently, the group is suggested to contain over 65,000 species with varying
morphological characteristics. Given that they are strictly parasitic, members of the
subphylum are responsible for a variety of diseases in human beings (e.g. Malaria,
Babesiosis, and Cyclosporiasis, etc).

Class 1 : Telospora
Ex = Monocytis,Gregarina
Class 2 : Toxoplasma
Ex = Toxoplasma
Class 3 : Haplospora
Ex = Haplosporidium
2. Ciliate

The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like


organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in
general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern
than flagella. Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only
have them for part of their life-cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling,
attachment, feeding, and sensation. Ciliates are an important group of protists, common
almost anywhere there is water — in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and soils. About 4,500
unique free-living species have been described, and the potential number of extant
species is estimated at 27,000–40,000.[2] Included in this number are many
ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic species, as well as some obligate and opportunistic
parasites. Ciliate species range in size from as little as 10 µm in some colpodeans to as
much as 4 mm in length in some geleiids, and include some of the most morphologically
complex protozoans.
Class 1 : Cariacotricheae
Ex = Cariacothrix caudata
Class 2 :Litostomatea
Ex = Haptoria,Trichostomatia
Class 3 : Spirotrchea
Ex = Euplotia,Hypotrichia

3. Flagellates

A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.
The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization)
characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term
presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that
possess flagellae. However, the term "flagellate" is included in other terms (such as
"dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellata") which are more formally
characterized.Flagellates. Flagellates are characterized by the possession of one or more
flagella, which are long, tapering, hair-like appendages that act as organelles of
locomotion and feeding.
Class 1 : Trepomonadea
Class 2 : Retortamonadea
Class 3 : Trichomonadida
4. Amoeba

Amoeba, also spelled as Ameba, is a genus that belongs to protozoa, which are
unicellular eukaryotes (organisms with membrane-bound cell organelles). The name
Amoeba is derived from the Greek word amoibe, which means change. There are many
species, of which the most extensively studied is Amoeba proteus. Majority of the
species are very minute and are not visible to the naked eye. In spite of its small size,
the genomic content is several times more than the human genome. The species A.
dubia consists of about 370 billion base pairs; whereas, human genome has about 3
billion base pairs.
The Amoeba (plural Amoebae or Amoebas) is found in terrestrial as well as aquatic
habitats. In fact, it can thrive in nearly all types of habitat. Some are parasitic in nature,
thereby causing harm in humans and animals. As of date, six parasitic species are
identified which cause mild to severe ailments in humans. Hence, this unicellular
eukaryotic organism is widely studied in microbiology.
Scientific Classification :
Domain = Eukaryota
Phylum = Amoebozoa
Class = Tubulinea
Order = Euamoebida
Family = Amoebidae
Genus = Amoeba

Amoeba proteus is a type of amoeba that can live freely in nature without having to
depend on various growth processes on other living things. This type of protozoa is
included in the type of amoeba that can live outside the body of other organisms, so
that the usual place to live is a place that is watery and muddy.
Amoeba proteus is the most famous of its several species, this species has a size of
0.028 inches or 0.7mm equivalent, and that's only visible, while for some other species
it can reach 0.1 inches or about 3 mm or more.

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