DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the period, the students will be able to:

a. Describe the characteristics of constellations.

b. Illustrate diagram that shows the arrangement of the stars in a group.
c. Reflect the importance of studying the beliefs and practices about constellation and
astrology.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

TOPIC: Constellation
REFERENCE: Ease Integrated Science 1 Module 18
MATERIALS: Pictures, concrete object (ballpeen, and pentelpen)
VALUESFOCUS: Cooperation honesty, open-mindedness, belief
TIMEFRAME: 60 minutes from Monday-Friday for:
Grade 9-Mercury
Grade 9-Earth

III. LESSON PLAN

Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. PREMINILARY ACTIVITIES

• Opening prayer
• Checking of Attendance
• Collecting of Assignments

1. RECALL
Class. What have you discussed last meeting?

We had discussed all about asteroid.

Very good. What about it? What have you learned?

Ma’am our nine (9) planets and their moons are

not alone in space. There are other heavenly
bodies in the solar system like the planets,
revolved around the sun in fixed orbit.
 This bodies are called asteroid. There are about
fifteenth hundred asteroids within the solar
system. Most of them travel in orbit between of
those of Mars and Jupiter, called the asteroid belt.
Astronomers have a hard time studying asteroids
because of their tiny sizes. Beyond Jupiter, only
an unusually sized asteroids would have a chance
of being observed.

Excellent, what else??

We also learned that there was a theory that

asteroid were little pieces of a planet that broken
up by the gravitational force of Jupiter but it did
not have much support because the number of
asteroid is great and their combined mass is less
than five percent of the moon. Such combined
matter is too little to form even in a small planet.

Very well said, the largest asteroid discovered was

Ceres with a diameter of 480 miles. Most asteroids
only have diameters of less than fifty miles. As
mentioned earlier, some asteroids come quite close
to the earth. Hermes is one of them. In 1937, it
passed the earth at only twice the distance of the
moon.Fortunatelly, it was moving fast enough to
escape the gravitational pull of the earth.

B. Motivation

Look at this picture, what is it?

Ma’am it’s a stars.

Yes, if you take time to study the stars for a while,
you will find out that they fall into patterns and
designs imposed by our mind .Sky watchers during
the ancient times perceived stellar patterns and
called such patterns constellations.

Amazing right?

Yes ma’am

Yes! Do you have any idea how stars made from?

( Students answers may vary)

For you to understand about constellations, or stars

we will discussed today the characteristics of
stars ,the arrangement of star in a group and
beliefs and particles about the constellations and
astrology.

You ready?

Yes ma’am.

1. ACTIVITY
Before we proceed let’s have a short game in
relation to our topic. We will having five groups:
each group will be given a cutted pictures of the
different characteristics of stars or constellations.
You will examine the cutted pictures and then, you
will arrange the cutted pictures on the board into
their proper arrangement. After you completed the
puzzle you will identify what characteristics of
stars or constellations that the pictures shows.

Is that clear?

Yes ma’am

I will only give you five minutes for this .You may
now start.
*after 5 minutes*

So class what do you learn in our activity?

Ma’am in our group, for us it says that the picture

represent “Color” which is one of the
characteristics of the stars

Very good, what about the others?

Ma’am in our group, for us it says that the picture

represent “Size” which is one of the characteristics
of the stars

Ma’am in our group, for us it says that the picture

represent “Temperature” which is one of the
characteristics of the stars

Ma’am in our group, for us it says that the picture

represent “Brightness” which is one of the
characteristics of the stars

Ma’am in our group, for us it says that the picture

represent “Composition” which is one of the
characteristics of the stars

Excellence! So do you have any other questions

with regards to the activity?

None ma'am

We will know more about this characteristic of

stars and how they affect the others.
Let’s now proceed to the discussion. Before
anything else, what do we mean by stars?

Ma’am stars are heavenly bodies with so much

central heat and pressure that energy is generated
in their interiors by nuclear reaction.

Very good!
Class, there are five basic characteristics of stars,
which is interrelated to each other’s.

We have the color and temperature, brightness,

size and composition.

The first one is the color and temperature. Let’s

take a look at these picture, What can you notice?

Ma’am the color represent a different level of

temperature

Very good. These pictures shows the relationship

between color and temperature. If you look up in
the night sky, you can see slight differences in the
colors of stars. Like hot objects on Earth, a star’s
color reveals its surface temperature. If you watch
a toaster heat up, the wires inside glow red hot.
The wires inside a light bulb are even hotter and
glow white. Stars are the same.

The coolest stars, with a surface temperature of

about 3,000oC appear reddish, the medium stars,
with surface temperatures over 5,000oC appear
yellow while the hottest stars, with surface
temperatures over 20,000oC appear bluish-white.

So let’s take a look to these picture, What do you

notice?

Ma’am the stars is glowing

Very well said! The second characteristics of star
is brightness, So anyone what do you mean by
brightness?

Ma’am brightness means the quality or state of

Yeah you have an idea! The brightness of a star being bright
depends on both its size and its temperature. How
bright a star looks from Earth depends on both its
distance and how bright the star actually is. The
brightness of a star can be described in 2 different
ways:
Apparent brightness - is its brightness as seen from
Earth.
Absolute brightness - is its brightness as seen from
Earth.

Is it clear class?

Ok so let’s go to the fourth characteristics of star Yes, ma’am

which is size.
So anyone what is size?

You have an idea. How about the others?

Ma’am size means the relative aggregate amount
or number

Ok very well said. So When you look at stars in the

sky, they all appear to be the same size. Many stars
are actually about the size of the sun, which is a Ma’am size is related to small or large
medium-sized star. However, some stars are much
larger than the sun. Very large stars are called giant
stars or supergiant stars. Most stars are much
smaller than the Sun. Black and white dwarf stars
are about the size of Earth. Neutron stars are even
smaller, only about 20 km in diameter.

Is it clear class?

Good so let’s go to the last characteristics of stars

which is…?

Yes ma'am
So What about composition anyone?
 composition

Ok very good so When stars form in the present Ma’am composition means the way in which
Milky Way galaxy they are composed of about something put together or arrange
71% hydrogen and 27% helium, as measured by
mass, with a small fraction of heavier elements. Ma’am the combination of parts or elements that
Typically the portion of heavy elements is make up something
measured in terms of the iron content of the stellar
atmosphere, as iron is a common element and its
absorption lines are relatively easy to measure. The
portion of heavier elements may be an indicator of
the likelihood that the star has a planetary system.

Any questions?

So let’s go to the next topic which is the

arrangement of the stars in a group.

So when you were outside at your house and you

look up with the sky with full of stars what do you
noticed.
What patterns or arrangement do you observed? None ma’am
Who wants to volunteer on the board or to
illustrate a diagram that shows the arrangement of
stars you have observed?
 Ma’am let me.
Okay (Many students will try)
So do you know class that there are about 88
different constellations across the whole sky. But
no one can see them all. This is because people in
the northern part of the world see different stars
from people living in the south. There are far more
bright stars in the southern skies than in the north.

So class I have here a pictures what do you notice

on this pictures?

Verygood!
This pictures is one of the kinds or type of
arrangement of a stars in a group which is
called…?anybody

Excellent!
The Ursa Major is called great bear because its
stars are arranged in such a way that they also
seem to form the outline of a great bear.
Is it amazing class?

Ma’am a stars has being connected to the each

other
This constellation consists of seven bright stars
arranged in a pattern resembling somewhat a big
bear.The stars marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 are supposed to
form the body of the bear whereas the stars marked
5, 6 and 7 form the tail of the big bear. The head
and paws of this bear are formed from some other
faint stars not shown in the figure. This
constellation can be seen clearly in April in Ma’am ursa major
summer season in the northern part of the sky at
night.

Ok if there is a big bear there also a…

That’s right so next what do you infer these second Yes ma’am
pictures?

That’s right but these pictures is the representation

of ursa…. Little bear

Ok so this constellation is also a closed group of

seven stars. The arrangement of stars in Ursa
Minor is similar to those in Ursa Major, the only
difference being that the stars here are closer
together and appear to form the outline of a little
bear. The stars here are less bright than those of
Ursa Major.

Ok what else do you observe on the picture?

Ma’am it’s looks like a kite

Very good question, so at the end of the tail of

Ursa Minor is a very important star of average
brightness, which is called the pole star. This
constellation is also sometimes called the pole star Minor
constellation. It can be seen in the northern part of
the sky in July during the summer season.

Any question regarding ursa major?

Good so let’s go to the other types of arrangement
of star in a group.

The Orion

Ma’am the top of the stars there are word pole star

Ma’am what is pole stars?

So what do you notice class?

Yes Orion means hunter. The arrangement of stars

here is supposed to resemble a hunter.
The major stars of Orion shown in the figure are None ma’am
supposed to form the body of a hunter. The head
and limbs of the hunter are formed from other faint
stars, which are not shown in the figure. The
constellation is visible during the winter season.

Is it clear class?

Ok so how about these picture what do you infer

about it?
Yes these picture represent scorpio Ma’am its looks like an open book
So did the word scorpio familiar to you class?

Ok very good the Scorpio constellation closely

resembles a scorpion complete with tail and
pincers. This constellation is usually visible in the
summer season
Is it clear class?

Yes ma’am

So let’s go to the last types of arrangement of stars

in a group
The Pleiades

Ma’am it looks like a letter “Y”

This constellation does not have any particular

arrangement of stars, which can be compared, to a
definite shape. This constellation looks like a
cluster of twinkling gems in the night sky. This
constellation is visible in winter season.
Yes ma’am we hear it in horoscope
Is it clear class?

These five constellation are the most known

although there are a lot of arrangement of stars in
universe.

So any question that related to our topic? Yes ma’am

Very good so let’s go to our last topic which is

beliefs and practices about constellations and
astrology
So before we proceed to our topic let’s define first
constellation again, so anyone?

That’s right, how about astrology? Anyone?

Very well, so I have here a pictures and tell me

class what do you infer about it?

Yes ma’am

None ma’am
Yes that’s right, but what sign? Do they have
name? What is it?

Ma’am constellation is an apparent arrangement

of stars

Yes that’s right, the Zodiac sign are name after

ancient gods, heroes, animals, or mythological
being.
If you observe them every night, you will see that Ma’am astrology defined as the art that treats of
the shapes of constellation do not change. In fact, supposed influence of the positions of stars on
you would not notice any change. The stars appear human activities and human events.
to hold fixed positions relative to each other.
The 12 constellations through which the sun moves
define the Zodiac.

At night, thousands of stars shine overhead. How

can we ever get to know all the stars, tell one from
another, or even understand their effect on our
lives?

People first tried to answer these questions 6,000

years ago in the "Cradle of Civilization" —
Mesopotamia. In southern Babylonia, a tribe
known as the Chaldeans looked to the stars for
guidance

Ma’am the pictures represent the different sign on

So class do you have any belief that you based on the horoscopes
the constellation?

Ma’am They called it zodiac sign

Each zodiac sign composed of 12 which are Aries,

Taurus, Gemini, cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra,
Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and
Yes that’s true, in ancient time they used Pisces
constellation to predict your future or even your
own characteristic.

How about practices, do you have any practices on

regards to constellation or astrology?

Yes, in ancient time they used constellation when

they are travelling and other practices are that’s it,
they used constellation to predict future.
And until now class, many people still consult
astrologers to predict there future.

Is it clear?

Good, But class remember this, that our future or

destiny relies on our hand and these beliefs and
practices about constellation and astrology are just
our guide, any successful predictions gained
astrologically can only be achieved by random
chance.

Is that clear?
 Ma’am they say that through constellation they
Is there any question regards to our discussion? can predict the future.

Ma’am they say through readings of stars or

constellation they can tell your characteristic or
attitudes
2. Analysis
Again what are the five characteristics of stars?

Very good. What are the basic types of

arrangement of stars in a group?
Ma’am when there was a shooting star we take a
wish

Excellent. Enumerate the 12 zodiac sign

3. Abstraction
Today we learn about Characteristic of stars which Yes ma’am
are:
Color and Temperature. Star’s color reveals its
surface temperature.

Can you tell to me the relation of Color to

Temperature?

Very good. Next is Brightness. The brightness of Yes ma’am

a star depends on both its size and its temperature.
How bright a star looks from Earth depends on
both its distance and how bright the star actually is.
None ma’am
Again what are the ways to describe brightness?

Ma’am the five characteristics of stars are Color

and Temperature, Brightness, Size and
Composition
Excellent
Next characteristic is Size. Some stars are much
larger than the sun.

So what do we call to very large stars? Ma’am the basic types of arrangement of stars in a
group are Ursa major and Minor, Orion, Scorpio
and Pleiades

Ma’am 12 Zodiac sign are Aries, Taurus, Gemini,

cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius,
Very good so the last characteristics is Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces
Composition.
So what’s about composition?

Very well said. Now we also discussed the

arrangement of stars in a group in which we have
tackled the basic types of arrangement which are? The coolest stars, with a surface temperature of
about 3,000oC appear reddish, the medium stars,
with surface temperatures over 5,000oC appear
yellow while the hottest stars, with surface
temperatures over 20,000oC appear bluish-white.

Very good. So the Ursa Major is called great bear.

Why?

Ma’am the 2 ways to describe brightness are

Apparent brightness - is its brightness as seen
Very good. This constellation consists of seven from Earth.
bright stars arranged in a pattern resembling Absolute brightness - is its brightness as seen from
somewhat a big bear and this constellation can be Earth
seen clearly in April in summer season in the
northern part of the sky at night.

Next is the Ursa minor which is known as?

Ma’am the very large stars are called giant stars or

supergiant stars. Most stars are much smaller than
Very well. The arrangement of stars in Ursa Minor the Sun. Black and white dwarf stars are about the
is similar to those in Ursa Major, the only size of Earth.
difference being that the stars here are closer
together and appear to form the outline of a little
bear
So at the end of the tail of Ursa Minor is a very
important star of average brightness, which is
called? When stars form in the present Milky Way galaxy
they are composed of about 71% hydrogen and
27% helium, as measured by mass, with a small
fraction of heavier elements.
Yes, pole star or pole star constellation. It can be
seen in the northern part of the sky in July during
the summer season.

So next is the Orion, so what‘s about Orion class?

Ma’am the basic types of arrangement of stars in a

group are Ursa major and Minor, Orion, Scorpio
Yes The arrangement of stars here is supposed to and Pleiades
resemble a hunter. The constellation is visible
during the winter season.

So next is the scorpio.

Ma’am because its stars are arranged in such a
So class what did scorpio resembles? way that they also seem to form the outline of a
great bear.

Very good. This constellation is usually visible in

the summer season

So the last type of arrangement of stars in a group

is?

And what about Pleiades?

Little bear

Very good. This constellation looks like a cluster

of twinkling gems in the night sky and this
constellation is visible in winter season.

Some more question?

And lastly we discussed about beliefs and practices

about constellation and astrology. Ma’am the pole star

Again what the ancient time beliefs about

constellation and astrology?

Very good. And in ancient times Zodiac names are

derived from? Ma’am orion means hunter.

Very good. If you observe them every night, you

will see that the shapes of constellation do not
change. In fact, you would not notice any change.
The stars appear to hold fixed positions relative to
each other. Ma’am Scorpio constellation closely resembles a
The 12 constellations through which the sun moves scorpion complete with tail and pincers.
define the Zodiac.

And we need to remember class that our future

depend on our hands and these beliefs and
practices about constellation and astrology are?

Ma’am Pleiades

Ma’am this constellation does not have any

Very good so any question regards on our topic? particular arrangement of stars, which can be
compared, to a definite shape.

4. Application
Group activity
Group 1. Describe the characteristics of
constellation and tell us about it.
Group 2. Illustrate a diagram that shows the basic
type’s arrangement of stars in a group and labelled
them. None ma’am
Group 3. Reflect the importance of studying the
beliefs and practices about constellation and
astrology.

Ma’am in ancient time they used constellation to

predict your future or even your own
characteristic.

Ma’am Zodiac sign are name after ancient gods,

heroes, animals, or mythological being.

Just our guide, any successful predictions gained

astrologically can only be achieved by random
chance.
 None ma’am

IV. EVALUATION

A. Multiple choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on your paper.

1 What reveals a star’s surface temperature?

a. color
b. size
c. brightness
d. all of the above
2. Stars that are much larger than the Sun are called ____________and ___________.
a. giant and supergiant stars.
b. Black and white dwarf stars
c. color and temperature
d. none of the above
3. What is the chemical composition of most stars?
a. composed of about 71% hydrogen and 27% helium
b. composed of about 72% hydrogen and 37% helium,
c. composed of about 81% hydrogen and 27% helium,
d. both a and b
B. IDENTIFICATION. Write your answer on your paper

4-5.) what two factors determine how bright a star looks from Earth?

Answer: Apparent brightness & Absolute brightness

C.ILLUSTRATION. Make a diagram that shows the different basic types of arrangement of
stars in a group. Labelled them. (2 points each)

D. REFLECTION. Reflect why it is importance to study beliefs and practices about

constellation and astrology. (5 points)

V. ASSIGNMENT

In a short bond paper, Draw the 12 constellation together with the 5 basic types of arrangement
of stars in a group.