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Types of Ethics

This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines ethics as guiding values and principles of a group. There are different types of ethics including descriptive, normative, and analytic ethics. Business ethics is important for maintaining an organization's image, employee motivation, and legal and ethical conduct. The scope of business ethics includes society, internal policies, stakeholders, and personal levels. Sources of business ethics include religion, culture, laws, and societal attitudes. Theories of ethics include consequentialism, which focuses on outcomes for individuals or groups, and deontology, which focuses on duties and rights. Managerial ethics involves an organization's responsibilities to stakeholders and managing morality, dilemmas, and creative accounting practices. Ethical leadership incorporates values

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142 views

Types of Ethics

This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines ethics as guiding values and principles of a group. There are different types of ethics including descriptive, normative, and analytic ethics. Business ethics is important for maintaining an organization's image, employee motivation, and legal and ethical conduct. The scope of business ethics includes society, internal policies, stakeholders, and personal levels. Sources of business ethics include religion, culture, laws, and societal attitudes. Theories of ethics include consequentialism, which focuses on outcomes for individuals or groups, and deontology, which focuses on duties and rights. Managerial ethics involves an organization's responsibilities to stakeholders and managing morality, dilemmas, and creative accounting practices. Ethical leadership incorporates values

Uploaded by

Jack maze
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Module -1 Introduction to business ethics

The word ethics is extracted from the Greek word “ethos”, which refers to the
nature, guiding values, principles or ideals that are spread through a group
community or people.
According to Peter F. Drucker, “There is only one ethics, one set of rules of
morality, one code that of individuality behaviour in which the same rules apply
to everyone alike.”
Types of ethics
• Descriptive ethics
• Normative ethics / Prescriptive ethics
• Analytic ethics or Meta ethics
• Applied ethics
Importance of ethic in business—according to ppt//thakur publication
• Image /Helps in upholding moral values during tough times
• Pride of companies /Increases employee’s motivation
• Part of society /Supports employee development
• Cost /Assures ethical and legal acts
• Trust of employees /avoid unethical acts
Scope of business ethics////according to maam ppt ethics in diff departments
• Business ethics at society level
• At internal policy level
• At stakeholder level
• At personal policy level
Nature of Business ethics
• Embrace values
• Analytical in nature
• Relative term
• Investigative nature
• Assesing nature
Sources of business ethics
• Religion
• Culture
• Laws
• Societal attitudes
• Competitors
• Code of ethics
Normative theories of ethics
1)Consequentialist (Teleological) Ethical theory
• Utilitarianism Theory—good for everyone
• Egoism—good for self
• Altruism—good for everyone except self
2)Non-consequentialist theory (Deontology)
• Duty-based ethics (Immanuel Kant)
• Right based ethics
Morals ------Acc to Hegel, “Morality is an internalisation of values & external legal relations”.

Morals are the rules that govern which actions are right and which are wrong.
Morals can be for all of society or an individual’s beliefs.
Difference--------------------------------------------------------
Kohlber’s Six stages of Moral Development
• Stage 1-Avoiding punishment
• Self-interest
• Good boy attitude
• Law and order morality
• Social contract
• Principle
Values------According to Milton Rokeach,
Values are global beliefs that guide actions and judgements across a variety of
situations.
Characteristics of value
• Culture’s integral part
• Taught
• Reward for acceptable values
• Learned phenomenon
• Social phenomenon
• Values are adaptive
Objectives of value
• Develop human spirit
• Transform human nature
• Ensure growth
• Serve as a building block for relationships
• Self-management
• Develop business
• Give guidance
• Give feedback
• Facilitate decision making
Module 2 Managerial ethics
A Firm’s Ethical Responsibilities to Its Stakeholders
Owners/shareholders – Rightfully expect some form of return on their investment
Employees - Rightfully expect to be treated with dignity and respect for devoting
their energies to the enterprise
Customers - Rightfully expect a seller to provide them with a reliable, safe
product or service
Suppliers - Rightfully expect to have a fair relationship with firms they supply
and be treated fairly
Community - Rightfully expect businesses to be good citizens in their community
Categories of Management Morality
• Immoral Management
• Amoral management
o Intentional
o Unintentional
• Moral Management
Ethical Dilemma
Ethical dilemma is a situation, problem or opportunity which confronts an
individual, group or organisation when a particular action has to be chosen
amongst several unethical or immoral alternatives at the workplace.
According to Rushworth Kidder, “In ethical dilemma the toughest choices are
right versus right.
Creative Accounting
According to Kamal Naser “Creative accounting is the transformation of financial
accounting figures from what they actually are to what preparers’ desire by taking
advantage of the existing rules or ignoring some or all of them”.
Objectives of Creative Accounting
• To save on taxes
• To maintain the organisation financial outcomes within the stipulated
confines determined by creditors.
• To assist in coming to terms with regulators
• To make the organisation collapse
• To meet all public listing preconditions
• Take over and acquisition
• Management buy-out
Key elements in creative accounting
• Flexibility
• Interests of managers
• Management of the accounts
4-V model of ethical leadership

• Values
• Vision
• Voice
• Virtue
Leadership styles influencing ethical decisions

Whistle blowing----GIVEN BY MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.


Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter
Whistle blowing is the term that is used to define an individual’s decision to
disclose the information regarding unethical, immoral or illegal actions that are
going in company to higher authority.

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