CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO

DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

THE IMPACT OD COVID-19 ON SMALL BUSINESS OUTCOMES AND

EXPECTATIONS IN SAN PABLO CITY

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

in Business Research

To:

Prof. Reeza R. Suazo, MBM

Research Adviser

By:

Abad, Daniel R.
Arceo, Francheska R.
Bautista, Jerome L.
Manalo, Jessa
Manaog, Jorlan S.
Vista, Gin Larryn
BSBA 2-E

May 2021

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

Small business is affected by the implementing of lockdown. All businesses are forced to closed

and to stay on their houses and continue their work while they are home. Also, while pandemic is

growing it also affects their businesses and also their income. They don't have a choice but to follow.

Shutdown of the country might help to prevent the speading of covid 19. Without such income small

businesses will forced to go outside to earn money. In order to develop a framework for the study from

another sources it is helpful to begin by considering the factors and consequences and their expectations

of the past experiences and also it included the paradigm to identify the impacts of covid 19 to small

businesses.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of covid 19 to small business outcomes and

expectations in San Pablo City, Laguna. Descriptive research design and Percentage and T- test was used

in the study. Around 51 respondents are coming from San Pablo City whose having small businesses.

Simple random technique was used in the research. The data collected is from the survey questionnaire.

Therefore, the results showed that from 51 respondents, the majority belongs to 21 years of age. These

finding indicates that small businesses around San Pablo City, Laguna are using online selling to earn

money while there is a pandemic.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

Page

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………. i

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………….. ii

List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………… iii

List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………… iv

Chapter

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 5

Background of the Study ……………………………………………………………. 7

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………. 9

Hypotheses ………………………………………………………………………….. 10

Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………… 10

Conceptual Paradigm ………………………………………………………………… 11

Scope and Limitations of the Study ………………………………………………….. 12

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………… 13

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature …………………………………………………………………….. 15

Local Literature ………………………………………………………………………. 17

Synthesis ……………………………………………………………………………… 20

3
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology ……………………………………………………………….20

Research Design ……………………………………………………………………… 21

Sampling Design ……………………………………………………………………… 21

Methods of Data Collection……………………………………………………………. 22

Survey Questionnaires ……………………………………………………………….. 23

Statistical Treatment of Data ………………………………………………………… 24

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA …………………………………………………….25

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………… 33

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………34

APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………………… 36

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

Introduction

The Impact of COVID 19 is felt by all businesses, large and small. The COVID-19 impact varies

by type of business, with these three categories most affected: personal service, hospitality and

retail. The smaller the company, the harder the hit, with companies with fewer than 20

employees most affected. One of the most impacted groups has been small businesses who faced

the challenge of dwindling staff and customers while implementing new social distancing and

public health practices.

As coronavirus continues to spread, businesses will struggle to access supplies and

receive shipments from their vendors. In cases where events or store locations need to postpone

operations, businesses should consider their long-term relationship with customers and know that

a refund or reschedule could be a relief point for those who may experience stress or hardship

during these times. Many businesses run on tight budgets, and that combined with an uncertain

market makes for some huge issues.

COVID-19 disruptions do not affect all businesses equally. Some are deemed essential

and remained open, while others were required to close. Some businesses could shift employees

to remote work, while others were ill equipped for the transition. In this section, we explore the

cross-industry variation in its effects. The early effects of COVID-19 on small business and

entrepreneurs are not well known because of the lack of timely business-level data released by

the government. Actions are already being taken by world leaders to protect small businesses.

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

An Asian Development Bank study shows over 70% of Philippine MSMEs ( micro, small

and macro enterprises )had cash flow problems, forcing owners to borrow from friends and

family to keep their business afloat. Most of them or most of the business are the non- essential

enterprises like clothing or ukay ukay stores, machineries or appliances stores , car or vehicle

shops and repair and etc. Last March 15, 2020 when the Philippines’ government decided to put

the country on enhanced community quarantine. It is already one year since the lockdown

implement but the effect is still growing in all business. In terms of the coronavirus pandemic’s

impact on businesses and households, the Philippines had it worst, according to a study by the

Asian Development Bank (ADB).

San Pablo City is one of the powerhouse of Laguna in terms of business transactions and

operations because different big companies are located here but not only the companies

contribute or bring the wealth of the city, also the small business in the city. Different small

business like ukay ukay, foodcourts or carinderias, small merchandise store and even hotels and

resort are situated around the center of San Pablo. But due to pandemic, most of them are forced

to close for the safety of the all people in San Pablo.

The more the pandemic continues the more the small business outcomes continue to

suffer and continuous to be affected. Having this kind of pandemic people will find ways on how

to earn money and inevitably go out to work.

The research wants to know what's the effects on Covid 19 on small business outcomes

on their everyday life and what will be their expectations on this on how they handle this kind of

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

pandemic and what will be their strategies that they do to adopt this kind of new normal while

the pandemic is continues. The research wants to know what will be the expectations of the

owners on their outcomes on the effects of Covid- 19.

Background of the Study

San Pablo City is a popular and one of the tourist spot in Laguna because of the seven

lakes that located in the city and because of this , many local stores are developed around here to

promote the city specially the stores around the Sampaloc Lake that is considered as the largest

lake in the city. Example of this local stores are the souvenirs store like clothes, keychain, etc

and street foods stores. There is also a shop where you can rent a bicycle to enjoy the whole

vicinity of the lake. In other lakes, they offers rental boats to accommodate the tourist and this

serves as their business like in Pandin and Yambo Lakes. In the center of the city, there is a

famous Shopping mall where most of the small business and market are located.

Due to pandemic, all the business mentioned above are affected. Most of them forced to

close last year when the Covid-19 started to spread. All the business owners started to worry

about their business. Some of the fired some of their employees like the saleslady to minimize

the expenses of the business. After one year of lockdown, some business are trying to start their

business again and some are became permanently close.

The government decided to implement lockdown since the number of positive on

COVID-19 were became higher day by day. Everyone was shocked and unprepared for the

lockdown and closing of the business. So many business became financially fragile. The profits

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
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are started to fall and expenses became higher. Most of the products and goods specially

essentials stuff became expensive due to increase of the capital allocated for these items. Many

of this disclosure maybe became permanent because of the inability of owners to pay ongoing

expenses and survive the shutdown.

The City of San Pablo in collaboration with San Pablo Economic Development

Corporation is providing a one-time grant 243,317.50 Philippine peso to small businesses that

have experienced adverse financial impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Funded by the City

of San Pablo, the San Pablo Micro-Enterprise COVID-19 koRelief Program will provide grants

to 10 small businesses within the incorporated City of San Pablo.

Most major industries faced large drops in the number of active business owners in April

with the only exception being agriculture. Construction, restaurants, hotels, transportation, and

personal/laundry services all faced large declines in the number of active business owners due to

COVID-19.

The researcher believe that the lockdown is effectively on how to avoid Covid- 19 and

social distancing must follow while all the businesses will be closed. The researcher is interested

to know the primary reason on how to overcome this kind of pandemic on the outcomes of small

business and what will be their expectations.

Statement of the Problem

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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This study aims to determine the Impact of Covid-19 on Small Business Outcomes and

Expectations.

The great impact of covid-19 in small business is a deep-seated issue in business sectors. The

researchers wants to know the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the owners on a business?

1.1 Age of the Owner

1.2 Gender of the Owner

1.3 Type of business

2.When lockdown was first implemented all throughout the country small what do you think will

happen in scaled businesses?

3 How long does the owners expects the crisis to last?

( ) 1 year

( ) 2-3 years

( ) 5 years

4. How small business adjust to the economic disruptions resulting from COVID-19?

5. Is there significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic to small business outcomes and

expectations in San Pablo City?

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DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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( ) Yes

( ) No

Hypotheses

The researcher have obtained the following hypothesis for the research paper:

Ho : There is a significant impact of Covid 19 Pandemic to small business outcomes and

expectations in San Pablo City.

Ha : There is no significant impact of Covid 19 Pandemic to small businesses outcomes and

expectations in San Pablo City.

Theoretical framework

According to Tardi (2020), the rational expectancies concept is a idea and modeling

approach this is used extensively in macroeconomics in which the concept posits that people

base their choices on 3 number one factors: their human rationality, the data to be had to them,

and their beyond experiences. Economists frequently use the doctrine of rational expectancies to

give an explanation for predicted inflation fees or some other financial state. For example, if

beyond inflation fees had been better than expected, then human beings would possibly recall

this, in conjunction with different indicators, to intend that destiny inflation additionally would

possibly exceed expectancies.

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
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Expectations and consequences have an impact on every different. There is persistent

remarks flow from beyond consequences to cutting-edge expectancies. In recurrent situations,

the manner the destiny unfolds from the beyond has a tendency to be solid, and those modify

their forecasts to comply to this solid pattern.

Because human beings make choices primarily based totally at the to be had data to

hand mixed with them beyond experiences, maximum of the time their choices may be correct. If

their choices are correct, then the equal expectancies for the destiny will occur. If their selection

changed into incorrect, then they may modify their conduct primarily based totally at the beyond

mistake.

This research is connected with this theory. A small business' outcome and

expectation in the mid of pandemic will depend on the past experience or knowledge of the

owner. The research believes that most of the effects of pandemic is negative to the business and

all of the business experiences this kind of effects. This is not the first pandemic that affect the

small business but it brings a lot of damage to the system of a business.

Figure1.1CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RESEARCH STUDY

The figure below show the independent variable about the demographic profile

of the owners on their business outcomes.

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
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Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
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The dependent variables are the impacts of Covid-19 to small business outcomes

Demographic profile of small business

owners to their outcomes

and expectations.

(Input)

(Process)

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DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
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(Output)

Conceptual Framework

Survey

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be undertaken to find out the impact of COVID-19 on small business
Identifying the impact to Covid-!9 to
outcomes and expectations in San Pablo City.
small business outcomes and
expectations
Benefiting the study are the various sectors as follows:

CUSTOMERS: The customers will understand the changes in the market process. This study

will give the information to them on the impact of COVID-19 to some business specially those

small business. This will help them to react or on how they manage their reaction on the adverse

effect of COVID-19 in transitions and changes in the market like pricing of goods and services.

13
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

SELLERS OR OWNERS: The sellers or owners will get tips and information about the effect

of COVID-19 to their business and to have full understanding on how it changes. This study will

also give to the seller the information about the reactions and effect of the pandemic to their

price, supplies of goods and services and demand of the customers and on how they can react on

these effects.

GOVERNMENT: This study will give information needed to help those small business to get

back and how to cope to those effect with the help of the government. Using this study, they can

use this in able them to have ideas about the massive effect of pandemic to the economy.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS: This study can be use as references for the future researches.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study will focus on the impact of COVID-19 or pandemic on the small business

outcome and expectations. The data needed will be collected through an interview. The

researchers decided to interview 10 small business’ owners in San Pablo City to have the data

needed.

The study will discuss the outcome and expectation on small business in the mid of

pandemic. Also, this study will discuss the customers’ and sellers’ reactions and how they cope

to those changes happen during the pandemic.

Definition of Terms
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DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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CUSTOMERS -A person that buys a product or service and can choose between different goods

and suppliers.

EXPECTATION IN BUSINESS - it is the income that can provide for their everyday expenses

OUTCOMES - The goals set by a business to measure the success or achievement.

QUALITY SERVICE - Dealing with clients and customers in a respectful and helpful

SMALL BUSINESS - A privately owned corporation or partnership that has fewer employees

and less annual revenue than a regular sized business.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature

There is a plethora of ongoing research studies on estimating the economic impact of

COVID-19, in both emerging and developed countries. Due to widespread business closures,

especially in lower income populations, national economies are expected to contract, leading to a

dramatic rise in unemployment and poverty rates. A report from the World Bank estimated that

11 million people could fall into poverty across East Asia and the Pacific (World Bank 2020).

Analyzing the effect of the pandemic on poor communities across four continents, (Buheji et al.

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

2020) estimates that 49 million individuals will be driven into extreme poverty in 2020 (living on

less than $1.90 per day).

According to the Pew Research Center, the highest risks of layoffs are in the

accommodations, retail trade, transportation services and arts entertainment and recreation

services sector(Kochhar and Barroso 2020). Additionally, among the sectors that lost the most

jobs in March are the leisure and hospitality and health and educational services (Burns 2020).

Using a variable vector autoregression model based on data from recent disasters, (Ludvigson et

al. 2020) estimates a cumulative loss of 24 million jobs in the U.S. over the course of 10 months,

largely due to a 17% loss in service sector employment. Only 37% of jobs in the U.S. can be

performed at home, and many lower-income countries have a lower share of jobs that can be

performed remotely (Dingel and Neiman 2020).

Based from Turner, Joanne Akinremi and Temitope Associated themes, (2020)

shutdowns did cause significant losses for many businesses especially those in the service of

entertainment industries that suffered double digit losses in revenue. With almost a 20 to 50

percent reduction msny small businesses are not working at full capacity.

It was related on our study because it focuses on the effects of covid-19 on businesses

and also because of this pandemic many countries around the world are decided to shutdown

their country to protects it's people from this virus including so many businesses and jobs are

affected. Also many people losses their jobs because of this situation. Many people decided to

stay at home and left their businesses outside and they can't do anything about it but to stay and

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

wait for the announcement if they can go back there and to continue what has been postponed

work and at the same time because of losing jobs it also focuses on the poverty that many people

are experiencing right now on this crisis.

In small businesses, marketing relies heavily on word-of-mouth recommendations to

attract customers (Stokes & Lomax, 2016).Certain characteristics of today’s economic

preference for small and medium-sized enterprises characterized by relationships, technology,

and networks (Walsh & Lipinski, 2017).

There is a lot of literature on the impact of small businesses. The research presented in

this article focuses on the typical problems of small businesses during the pandemic. While

critical in safeguarding public health against the spread of COVID-19, the enhanced community

quarantine and other quarantine/lockdown measures (henceforth referred to as ECQ)

dramatically limited business activities throughout much of the Philippines. After the 16 March1

lockdown of the NCR, Calabarzon, and other regions, most Philippine enterprises faced the

immediate closure of business or limitation of business operations. According to the survey,

65.9% of enterprises surveyed temporarily closed their business after the ECQ came into effect .

Limited operations continued in 29.1% of the enterprises surveyed. Among those with limited

operations, onefifth reported more than 50% of their business continued, while 78.4% reported

less than 50% of their business operational . Only 4% of those surveyed remained fully open.

Meanwhile, 1.1% closed permanently Asian Development Bank(ADB), July 2020.

Local Literature

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
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Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
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MANILA, September 29, 2020—Social assistance to poor and vulnerable families as

well as micro and small enterprises will help cushion the impact of COVID-19 and hasten

recovery in the Philippines, according to From Containment to Recovery, the World Bank’s

October 2020 Economic Update for East Asia and the Pacific, released today.The report

forecasts the Philippine economy to contract by 6.9 percent in 2020 before rebounding to 5.3

percent in 2021 and 5.6 percent in 2022 – a drawn out process that could slow down the

country’s rapid progress in poverty reduction in recent years. Economic growth averaged 6.6

percent from 2015 to2019, resulting from prudent macro-fiscal management, significant

investments in infrastructure and human capital, and favorable external conditions.

Consequently, robust growth in household incomes reduced the national poverty rate from 23.5

percent in 2015 to 16.7 percent in 2018.The COVID-19 shock is now abruptly pushing the

economy into recession and threatening these economic and social gains. The pandemic has

triggered declines in remittances sent by Filipino overseas workers and job losses caused by

strict containment measures. Recovering from the pandemic requires effective public health

management and social protection measures in the immediate and resuming the government’s

strong emphasis on human capital investments and infrastructure that characterized the

Philippines’ successful growth story pre-COVID.

As the data has been gathered the World Bank's October 2020 Economic Update for East

Asia and the Pacific forecasts the Philippine economy to contract by 6.9 percent in 2020 before

rebounding to 5.3 percent in 2021 and 5.6 percent in 2022. The pandemic has triggered declines

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
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in remittances sent by Filipino overseas workers and job losses caused by strict containment

measures.

In the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic, global markets are severely disrupted.

Businesses are forced to explore innovative solutions to overcome the growing negative

implications of this unprecedented crisis. Due to various quarantine measures imposed by

governments around the world, certain industries have been affected much more than others.

As only businesses involved in the value chain of essential commodities are operational,

the rest of the industries need to evaluate how they will respond to business unusual. The

existing business continuity plans may not be sufficient to address the fast-changing variables

presented by COVID-19.PwC has prepared a list of questions unique to your industry that you

can consider to strategically respond to these challenges in these areas

The information that I gathered is that businesses are forced to explore innovative

solutions to overcome the growing negative implications of this unprecedented crisis. Certain

industries have been affected much more than others. The existing business continuity plans may

not be sufficient to address the fast-changing variables presented by COVID-19.

The novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has brought significant change to people’s

lives and business activities nationally, regionally, and globally. The Philippines took swift

action—including enhanced community quarantine (ECQ)—to contain the pandemic and

launched an emergency subsidy program with massive public spending to support disrupted

households and businesses. The strict lockdown ran from mid-March to the end of May 2020 in

19
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
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the national capital region and high-risk provinces, causing huge economic losses. Six months

after the March lockdown, the Philippine economy has moved to the recovery stage, but micro,

small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are continuing to confront a sharp drop in

demand and revenue. We examine the initial impact on MSMEs of the ECQ and lockdown

measures using evidence obtained from a rapid nationwide survey conducted from the end of

March to mid-April 2020 and derive policy implications

From the data has been presented the Philippines took swift action, including enhanced

community quarantine (ECQ), to contain the pandemic. The strict lockdown ran from mid-March

to the end of May 2020 in the national capital region and high-risk provinces. Six months after

the lockdown, the Philippine economy has moved to the recovery stage.

Synthesis

     The information that we gathered from different sources find out that the shutdown of

different countries around the words helps people to avoid covid 19 cases while they are at home

and at the same time all businesses outside will be closed so that people will aware on this and

also some businesses are continue their business transaction online even if they are at home. But

on the other hand while there is a lock down or enhance communication quarantine people who

are in the state of poor community are also affected by this from losing their jobs because of this

shutdowns. 

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 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

While there is shutdown some businesses are limited to support people from their needs

and wants. As the result a lots of people around the world are jobless and a lots of some

businesses are suffering from losing their income.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the methodology, research design and sampling design will discuss.

Appropriate designs for the study was indicated. Methods of data collection will elaborate in this

part. The discussion of survey questionnaire is also part of this chapter. Statistical treatment of

the study , where the statistic formulas is included is the last part of this chapter.

Research Methodology

This study is a quantitative and qualitative research design to determine the impact of

covid-19 to the small business expectation and outcome in San Pablo City. In discussion of the

outcomes and expectation of small business towards to Covid-19 using the qualitative approach.

Expounding the result of the data gathering for the study is a representation of qualitative

approach. Analyzing and interpretation of data and information from the online survey, the study

will utilize the quantitative approach. In this approach, the response will tabulate and analyze to

form enough information for the study.

21
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DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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Research Design

The study of impact of Covid -19 to small business outcomes and expectations will use

the descriptive research. Using this research design, this study aims to accurately and

systematically describe the impact of covid-19 pandemic to small business. Elaboration impacts

to business expectations and outcomes will be cover of this research design. To be more specific,

the researchers decided to use descriptive-survey design since the data gathering will use online

survey questionnaires. According to Formplus (2020), Descriptive-survey research uses surveys

to gather data about varying subjects. This data aims to know the extent to which different

conditions can be obtained among these subjects. Using the descriptive-survey research aims to

describe accurately the research problems indicated on the statement of the problem.

Sampling Design

In gathering the sample respondents of this study, the respondents will be the small

business entrepreneurs affected by the Covid -19 Pandemic. The respondents will come from San

Pablo City as the locale of the study. To get the desire number of the respondent, the researchers

decided to use the simple random sampling in choosing the respondents needed to accomplish

the study. A simple random sample is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this

sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance of being selected.

Methods of Data Collection

In this study, the researchers decided to get the information from the primary sources or

to be exact, the information will come from the owners of the small business to be more accurate

22
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

and credible. Due to health protocols and restrictions because of the pandemic, the researchers

decide to have a online survey that will send to the emails or facebook messenger of the owners.

Using the simple random sampling, the researchers will get their population and the sample size

needed to get the number of respondents needed like the equation below. The respondents will

randomly selected.

Using the Slovin’s formula:

N= population size

E= margin of error

N=sample size

n=N/1+Ne²

n= 100/ 1+100(.10)²

n= 100/1+(100(.01)

n=100/1+1

n=100/2

n=50

Therefore, 51 respondents will be chosen randomly.

An internet or online survey form will be send to the respondents and use as a tool

to measure the impact of Covid-19 to the small business expectations and outcomes.

Survey Questionnaire

23
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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Online survey questionnaire form will disseminate in social media platforms and emails.

The questionnaires consist of two parts. First part is the demographic profile of the respondents.

The questionnaire will ask the age and gender of the respondents. The name of the respondents

are optional. Type of the business and outcomes of business during the pandemic are the

important part of this survey to easily evaluate and analyze the result. The second part consist of

questions regarding on the impacts of pandemic to small business. In this part, the researchers

will get the enough information to elaborate the phenomenon indicated.

The questionnaire consist of 4 questions on the demographic profile of the respondents

and ten questions for the impact of covid-19 pandemic. In order to determine the response of the

respondents , the scale will given.

SCALE Descriptive

Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Neutral

2 Disagree

1 Strongly

Disagree

24
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After finishing the collection of data, the researchers will tabulate first the data collected.

Descriptive analysis in frequency counts and percentage will use in this study. To determine the

impact of covid-19 pandemic to the small business expectation and outcomes in San Pablo City,

the researchers will apply some treatment: mean, Percentage and T- test. These treatments will

use to analyze the data gathered from the survey. The variance and the standard deviation is also

use to have more accurate information for this research.

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter represents all the gather data from the survey questionnaire and at the

same time the data analysis included the interpretation using statistical instrument. The Impact of

Covid-19 to Small Business Outcomes and Expectation in San Pablo City, Laguna are also

discussed.

1. Demographics of respondents

The demographics of the respondents were determined of gender, age and type of

business.

25
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

There are also 51 respondents that were involved in the conduction of the study. The

respondents are also diverse in terms of gender, age and types of their businesses. The target of

this is small businesses that are affected by the pandemic.

Table 1.1

Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Frequency Percentage

19 1 2%

20 8 15.7%

21 11 21.6%

22 - 23 6 11.8%

24 1 2%

25 - 27 4 7.8%

28 - 36 5 10%

37 4 7.8%

39 - 46 6 12.8%

49 2 7.8%

51 - 62 3 6.8%

TOTAL 51 100%

26
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

The table above shows the frequency and percentage of the respondents as their age.

Among 51 respondents, 1 or 2% are age of 19 years old, 8 or 15.7% are age of 20 years old, 11

or 21.6% are age of 21, 6 or 11.8% are the age of 22 & 23, 1 or 2% are age of 24 years old, 4 or

7.8% are age of 25-27 years old, 5 or 10% are on the age of 28-36 years old, 4 or 7.8% are age

of 37, 6 or 12% are age of 39-46 years old. While 2 or 7.8% are the age of 49. And lastly, 3 or

6% are the age of 51-62 years old.

Based on the table above, the majority of the respondents with the highest percentage are

21 years old while the 19 & 24 years old has the least number of respondents.

Table 1.2

27
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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Types Of Businesses

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Sales Staff Sari- Sari Store Other Businesses Online Seller

As you can see at the graph above the total percentage of the businesses of the respondents. As

the highest percent a total of 41.5% is from Online Selling. Second to the highest is the Other

Businesses having 30.1%. While the Sari Sari Store having 22.1% and Lastly, the Sales Staffs

having 6.1%.

RQ : When lockdown was first implemented all throughout the country small what do you think

will happen in scaled businesses?

28
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

The table above shows that the businesses will affects by the lockdown so that mostly of the

result from the respondents will mostly be Agree with total of 30% that because

of lockdown many small businesses will be closed so that it also affect their businesses and their

income. While 26% with Strongly Agree, 22% from Neural and 8% from Disagree and 6% for

Strongly Agree.

RQ: How long does the owners expects the crisis to last?

29
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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This pie chart above tells about the overall data gathered from the survey questions. As the result

42% are Strongly Agree that will expect that this crisis will be end and to continue their

businesses and to make their income increase. While 24% for Agree. Then 26% for Neural and

8% for Disagree.

RQ: How small business adjust to the economic disruptions resulting from COVID-19?

30
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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The result will be Strongly Agree with 41.2% that they come up with difficulties when it comes

to adjust with the pandemic the way they used to do when there was no pandemic. So that it

might affects their businesses so much. While 25.5% for Agree and 25.5% for Neural whose not

much difficulty to adjust with the pandemic

RQ:Is there significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic to small business outcomes and

expectations in San Pablo City?

31
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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There is a significant impact of covid to Small Businesses Outcomes so that the businesses will

mostly affected by this and also their income. From Strongly with 39% that it have a most impact

on them. While 20.8% from Agree that they also affect by this pandemic. Then 20.8% for

Neutral whose not been affected by covid 19 their businesses and also 14.6% for Disagree.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

32
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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This chapter presents and summarizes the main point of the study. It also discuss some part

of the study on how small businesses adapt the new normal on how to earn money even if they

are at home and at the same time it identifies some possible recommendations for small

businesses that which may benefit them.

The impact of COVID-19 to small business outcomes and expectations in San Pablo City,

Laguna were presented through demographic of respondents, interpreted through data’s,

analyzed was the resulted to almost 60% of being devastated due to the pandemic however they

are very hopeful that things will exceed but their business will still recover.

Conclusion

The more the pandemic is continuous to affects businesses there is no way that they

achieved their goal to increase their income and at the same time some of them give up and

continue their businesses at home. And also by implementing the lockdown most of the people

whose having such small businesses are most affected. Not just they loss their income but also

they loss their customers and it slowly affects their business operations. They don't have a choice

but to follow to decrease the spreading of covid-19 even if it affects them so much. They also

have difficulties to adjust for the new normal because of feer customers. They don't know how to

get up and how to recover the lost on their businesses. And also a lots of them is expecting that

the pandemic will be end so that they continued their normal transaction on their customers and

to bring back the normal businesses that they want to. Though COVID-19 caught us off guard

and many small scaled businesses were affected, still people hope that they can survived and

33
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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revive all their losses. I therefore conclude that negative impacts of COVID-19 on businesses

will not be the reason for people to stop instead more hopefuls always find their way to positive

outlook in life.

Recommendations

Based on the findings the researcher know that there is a big impact of covid 19 to Small

Businesses Outcomes and Expectations in San Pablo City in the long time business because of

the impact of lockdown so that the small businesses owners are having higher expenses and also

they come up their businesses to close but on the other hand they survive it with the new

strategy.

Online Selling is a big help for the small businesses to recover their loss from their

businesses because of the pandemic and also it was their strategy to earn money while they are

at their home. It's hard for the long time businesses to adjust with the new normal because of

the fewer customers. But they think a posible solution and strategy to make money while they

are at home. The owners and sellers may benefit and also it was their big advantages because

they continued to transact with each other. The owners will also benefited because they can

communicate with customers through online and at the same time they can earn money. For

the customers they also benefited because they can buy products by online. The community

quarantine also helps people to decrease the spreading of covid 19. It's a big help on both of this

to prevent the spreading of covid 19. To the government, more programs must be offered to

34
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
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small businesses to help them recovered from the pandemic. To the bank and microfinances,

lending capitals for small businesses will help them to cope up. Reconstructions will also

recommended.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Projection of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Welfare of Remittance Dependent

Households in the Philippines, Enerelt Murakami, Satoshi Shimizutani & Eiji Yamada,

Published: 25 September 2020 https://link.springer.com/

The Effects of COVID-19 on U.S. Small Businesses: Evidence from Owners, Managers, and

Employees, September 2020 https://www.nber.org/

The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and expectations, Jose A. Scheinkman,

Columbia University, New York, NY, and approved June 23, 2020 (received for review April

13, 2020) https://www.pnas.org/

The impact of COVID‐19 on small business owners: Evidence from the first 3 months after

widespread social‐distancing restrictions, Robert Fairlie August 11, 2020

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461311/#!po=85.9551

Small Business Financial Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic July 2020

https://www.jpmorganchase.com/institute/research/small-business/report-small-business-

financial-outcomes-during-the-covid-19-pandemic

35
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

THE COVID-19 IMPACT ON PHILIPPINE BUSINESSKEY FINDINGS FROM THE

ENTERPRISE SURVEY July 2020 https://www.google.com/url?

sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/622161/covid-

19-impact-philippine-business-enterprise-

survey.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwibja2V8OTwAhWDdXAKHcRpB68QFjABegQIBhAC&usg=AOvV

aw38-DGVZ34oqA4zzZiFxfSq

David Llorito External Affairs Officer [email protected] (2020/05/PH) Assistance to

Vulnerable Households, Small Businesses Key to Mitigating Pandemic’s Impact and Hastening

Recovery in the Philippines https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-

release/2020/09/29/assistance-to-vulnerable-households-small-businesses-key-to-mitigating-

pandemic-s-impact-and-hastening-recovery-in-the-philippines

Isla Lipana & Co is PwC in the Philippines Responding to the potential business impacts of

COVID-19 https://www.pwc.com/ph/en/advisory/deals-advisory/responding-to-the-potential-

business-impacts-of-covid-19--deals-.html

Shinozaki, Shigehiro Rao, Lakshman Nagraj (2010-2015) Economics Energy Health Emerging

diseases COVID-19 Industry and trade Private sector development

https://www.adb.org/publications/covid-19-impact-msme-under-lockdown-evidence-rapid-

survey-philippines

36
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
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APPENDICES

Name: (Optional)

Occupation:

In the scale below, please indicate your level of agreement with the belief statements by putting a

checkmark ( ) against the statements under the relevant option.

There is no wrong or right answer, but I am interested in what you really believe in so, try

as much as you can behonest in indicating your belief. The responses mean: 1 = Strongly

Disagree, 2 = Disagree , 3 = Neutral , 4 = Agree , 5 = Strongly Agree.

Set A 1 2 3 4 5

Questions Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree
1. Is it

difficult for

your business

to adjust for

this kind of

pandemic?

37
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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2. Is the

pandemic

increase your

loss for your

business?

3. Do you

expect that

this pandemic

will be end ?

4. Did you

have a lot of

costumers

during the

lockdown

because of

covid 19?

5. Do you

expect that

when covid-

19 continues,

38
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

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it will

continue to

affect your

income?

6. Has the

lockdown

been

effective in

keeping

customers

away from

covid and to

continue

money

coming from

your

business?
7. Did covid

19 have a big

impact on

your small

39
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
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business and

did it cause

some of your

businesses to

close?

8. When the

lockdown

was

implemented,

did you

oppose it

because it

would affect

your

businesses?

9. Hasn't this

pandemic

been a

hindrance to

your

40
 CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
DALUBHASAAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College

TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Reaccredited
Excellence • Leadership • Service
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.

businesses?

10. Because

of the

implemented

lockdown did

you find it

difficult to

resume your

business?

41