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Redesign and Remanufacturing the Shot Peening Machine: Model and

Experiment
To cite this article: Henny Pasandang Nari et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1858 012009

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ICETIA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012009

Redesign and Remanufacturing the Shot Peening

Machine: Model and Experiment
Henny Pasandang Nari1 , Mahadir Sirman1 , Rusdi Nur2,∗ , M. Iqbal
Mukhsen2
1
Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar, Jalan Salodong
Biringkanaya Makassar 90552 South Sulawesi Indonesia. 2 Mechanical Engineering
Department, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar
90245 South Sulawesi Indonesia.
E-mail: ∗ [email protected]

Abstract. Stainless steel is a material that is corrosion resistant and can be used as an implant
material (type 316L). Cold treatment can only increase stainless steel’s hardness, one of which
is the shot peening process. This paper aims to remanufacture the shot peening machine for
laboratory-scale testing purposes. The methodology used in designing the device, making all the
necessary components, assembling it, and testing the shot peening machine with several specified
parameters. The conclusion that can be obtained is the shot peening machine has been well
designed and remanufactured and has appropriately functioned based on the performance that
has been shown in the testing of stainless steel 316L.

1. Introduction
All kinds of human needs are increasing from year to year. Likewise, many problems arise both
in the industrial sector and in the world of health. One of the issues that arise from the health
sector is stainless steel, which is often used in the medical world. Problem cases occur in the
medical world, i.e., the use of stainless steel as an implant material in grafting broken bones. In
joining a fractured bone using an implant plate, orthopedic doctors’ materials are titanium and
stainless steel. The implant material itself must have higher corrosion resistance due to direct
contact with the human body. Human body fluids contain many aggressive ions that can cause
corrosion, and the implant material must also be malleable to conform to the contours of human
bones.
Stainless steel is a material that resistant to corrosion and is easier to form than titanium, so
the cost of developing it can be cheaper [1]. However, because the hardness level of stainless steel
is below the titanium material, stainless steel needs to go through additional treatment before
it is ready to be used as an implant material [2]. Besides, stainless steel has low carbon content,
making it challenging to do heat treatment. Therefore, stainless steel is preferable to undergo
cold treatment. The cold treatment process is the process of machining [3,4], sandblasting [3,4],
and shot peening [5].
This activity uses the shot peening method on the stainless steel surface, which can change
the material’s surface structure due to the impact of the steel shot. The shot peening process
can increase the surface hardness of the stainless steel implant material. With the method of
firing the steel shot to the stainless steel material’s surface, it is hoped that abrasive will not
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ICETIA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012009

occur due to abrasion by the steel shot itself. The use of steel shot is a method that is friendly to
health than the sandblasting way that uses silica sand which can adversely affect the respiratory
tract inhaled during the spraying process. This paper aims to redesign and remanufacture the
shot peening machine for laboratory-scale testing purposes.

2. Methodology
In this part of the methodology, the remanufacturing process will be explained along with the
working process, and then experimented with predetermined parameters.

2.1. Materials and Tools

The material to be used in the shot peening machine testing is stainless steel AISI 316L. While
the steel balls used for shooting the material is steel shot type S-230 with 0.6 mm diameter.

2.2. Remanufacturing and Assembly

The shot peening machine consists of several components, both made and purchased. The parts
purchased are the spray gun, the suction hose, the host connected to the compressor, and the
specimen holder’s vise, while the other components have several parts as described in table 1.

2.3. Experimental setup

The shot peening machine has already made all the components entirely and assembled them to
function correctly. Next, the experiment is carried out by referring to the experimental schematic
as shown in Figure 1. The parameters used in the test are the shooting time variation (0, 15,
30, 45, and 60 minutes) and the shooting angle (0o and 45o ).

Figure 1: Schematic of shot peening process

3. Results and Discussion

In this section, the results of remanufacturing shot peening machines will be described clearly
and will be accompanied by discussion.

3.1. Results
The shot peening machine has been remanufacturing and can be seen in Figures 2 and 3.
The following table shows the average results for all specimen testing, namely the surface
roughness test and the material hardness test.

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ICETIA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012009

Table 1: Part of the shot peening machine includes the process and tools used

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ICETIA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012009

Figure 2: Design of shot peening machine

Figure 3: Result of remanufacturing the shot peening machine

Surface Roughness (Ra) Hardness (BHN)

Shooting Time (minute)
Angle shoot 0o Angle shoot 45o Angle shoot 0o Angle shoot 45o
0 0.10 0.38 117.56 117.56
15 2.55 2.26 146.38 138.46
30 2.40 2.11 148.84 142.26
45 2.26 2.06 149.11 144.15
60 2.25 2.04 150.54 146.68

3.2. Discussion
Based on the results of remanufacturing the shot peening machine and testing data has been
performed, it can be said that the surface roughness obtained will increase sharply after shooting

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ICETIA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012009

the specimen for the first 15 minutes. In the next 15 minutes, the resulting surface roughness
decreased slightly. The surface roughness did not change significantly after 45 minutes and 60
minutes, as shown in Figure 4. The effect of surface roughness on shooting time showed the
same trend for 0 o and 45o shooting angles, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the
study by Mukhsen et al. [6], in which it was concluded that the timing of firing influenced
the surface roughness induced in the shot peening. The effects of shot peening conditions on
medium carbon steels’ surface characteristics with different heat treatments were investigated [7].
3D finite element modeling was used to determine surface topography changes affected by the
shooting parameters and processing time [8]. In addition to finite element modeling, other
researchers have also discussed the stability and reduction of extensive test features [9–23]. Other
studies investigate the influence of controlled shot peening (CSP) parameters (S110, S230, S330,
and S550) on the treated material [24].

o
Figure 4: Surface roughness in different shooting time for the shot angle of and 45o

Meanwhile, for the material hardness response, there is a similarity between the surface
roughness responses. The hardness obtained will increase after shooting the specimen for the
first 15 minutes. In the next 15 minutes, the resulting hardness increased slightly. The hardness
did not change significantly after 45 minutes and 60 minutes, as shown in Figure 5.
The effect of surface roughness on shooting time showed the same trend for 0o and 45o
shooting angles, respectively. In a similar study, the results of shot peening conditions on
medium carbon steels’ surface characteristics with different heat treatments were investigated [7].
The hardness of the surface was considerably lowered during the tempered workpiece was shot-
peened. The hardness distribution shows work softening near the surface. In another study, the
main objective was to determine the main factors of the shot peening (SP) process of AISI 1060
high carbon steel on microhardness, grain size, and residual stress [25].

4. Conclusion
Based on the results of the redesign, remanufacturing, and experiments on the shot peening
machine, it can be concluded as follows: The shot peening machine can be adequately and
wholly remanufactured to the specifications in the shot peening test, which is intended for
laboratory-scale purposes. The shot peening machine’s performance also provides a reliable
ability to increase the hardness and the surface roughness desired for the implant material.

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ICETIA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012009

Figure 5: Hardness in different shooting time for the shot angle of 0o and 45o

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