GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.

T)

AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON

SENSING SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.T)

PROJECT REPORT ON
AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON SENSING SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

In partial fulfillment for award of Diploma in Electrical Engineering

Year (2017-2018)

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.T)

SUBMITTED BY
MANISH KUMAR SINGH 156580309028
MANDAL AARIYA HEMANT 156580309027
SHRIVASTAV YASHASWI PRADEEP 156580309053
RAHUL YADAV 156580309047
SWAMINATH PANDEY 156580309057
VIPUL HALPATI 146580309019
PRASHANT SHARMA 146580309036

GUIDED BY: - MR. M CHAITANYA KRISHANA PRASAD

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This is certified that SHRIVASTAV YASHASWI .P

having Enrollment No. 156580309053 has satisfactory
completed their project-2 entitled as AUTOMATIC
IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON SENSING SOIL MOISTURE
CONTENT. during the academic year 2017-2018.

Internal guide Mr. Lalit.V. Solanki

Mr. M CHAITANYA K PRASAD. PRINICIPAL
Govt. Polythenic Daman.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express my immense gratitude to my guide

MR. M CHAITANYAKRISHANA PRASAD .We are grateful to him
for his prolonged interest in my work and excellent guidance. He has
been a constant source of inspiration to us.By this uncompromising
demand for quality and his insistence for meetings the deadlines. we can
do such an excellent work. He has shown me a way to pursue
excellence.
We express our deep sense of gratitude and respect
for our H.O. D MR. Pradyuman Royfor their valuable guidance and
sincere.
Helping hand in every task that I undertake.
We express our sincere thanks to the institute
"GOVERMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN" that allowed and supports us
in undertaking and managing this project.
We carry forward this thanks to the technical staff of Electrical
department who has helped us in all possible way, last but least me
thanks to all our classmates for their kind supports and precious
suggestion for preparing this project.

 MANISH KUMAR SINGH

 MANDAL AARIYA HEMANT
 SHRIVASTAV YASHASWI
PRADEEP
 RAHUL YADAV
 SWAMINATH PANDEY
 VIPUL
 PRASHANT

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TABLE OF CONTENT :-

TOPIC&SUBTOPIC PAGE NO.

UNIT
1. ABSTRACT 8-9

2. INTRODUCTION 10-11

3. IRRIGATION 12-14

4. SOIL MOISTURE 15-16

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM 17

6. HARDWARE COMPONENT. 18-30

6.1 POWER SUPPLY.
6.2 TRANSFORMER.
6.3 RECTIFIER.
6.4 FILTER.
6.5 VOLTAGE REGULATOR.
6.6 SENSORS.
6.6.1SOIL MOISTURE.
6.6.2 HUMIDITY AND TEMPRATURE
SENSOR(DHT11).

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6.6.3 DHT11 SENSOR AND PIN

DESCRIPTION.
6.7 MICROCONTROLLER.
6.7.1 BASICS PEIPHERALS IN
MICROCONTROLLER.
6.7.2 USES OF MICROCONTROLLER.
6.7.3 ABOUT AVR (ATmega8L) .
6.8 PIN DIAGRAM.
6.9 LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY.
6.9.1 LCD PIN PIN DESCRIPTION.
6.9.2 LCD PIN DIAGRAM.
6.10 RELAY.
6.11 TRANSISTOR.
6.12 BUZZER.
7. SOFTWARE REQUIRMENTS. 31

8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM. 32

9. ADVANTAGES. 33

10 DISADVANTAGES. 34

11. FUTURE-SCOPE. 35

12. CONCLUSION. 36

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LIST OF FIGURES.

FIG. NO. FIGURE DETAILS. PAGE

NO.
1. OVERVIEW OF 13
AUTOMATED
IRRIGATION SYSTEM.
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM. 17
3. POER SUPPLY 19
DIAGRAM.
4. DHT11 SENSOR. 22
5. PIN DESCRIPTION OF 22
DHT11 SENSOR.
6. PIN DIAGRAM OF 25
SENSOR.
7. LCD PIN 26
DESCRIPTION.
8. LCD PIN DIAGRAM. 27
9. CIRCUIT SYMBOL OF 28
RELAY OPERATION.
10. RELAY OPERATION 28
AND USES OF
PROTECTON DIODE.
11. CICUIT DIAGRAM. 32

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1.ABSTRACT

The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system

which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content

of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is

important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human

intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.

The project uses an 8051 series microcontroller which is

programmed to receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of

the soil through the sensing arrangement. This is achieved by using an op-

amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing

arrangement and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives this

signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water

pump. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display

status of the soil and water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by

using two stiff metallic rods inserted into the field at a distance.

Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit.

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The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM

technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an

SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the

pump. We can also control the pump through SMS.

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2.INTRODUCTION

Agriculture, for decades, had been associated with the production of basic
food crops. Agriculture and farming were synonymous so long as farming
was not commercialized. But as the process of economic development
accelerated, many more other occupations allied to farming came to be
recognized as a part of agriculture.
At present, agriculture besides farming includes forestry, fruit cultivation,
dairy, poultry, mushroom, bee keeping, arbitrary, etc. Today, marketing,
processing, distribution of agricultural products etc. are all accepted as a
part of modern agriculture.
Thus, agriculture need the mass production for economy growth. So need
fast production with balance parameter like water level humidity
fertilizers level and other thing for the good quality of crops. Here present
the concept of autonomous agriculture. In that the humidity of soil is
measure by the sensor and it maintain as per crops requirement.
The continuous increasing demand of food requires the rapid
improvement in food production technology. In acountry like India,
where the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climatic
conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full use of
agricultural resources.The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of
land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is
reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the
zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due
to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water
goes to waste.
In modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that
water is supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to
which a large quantity of water is saved. At the present era, the farmers
have beenusing irrigation techniques in India through manual control in
which farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process

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sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late

due to which crops Get dried. Water deficiency can be detrimental to
plants before visible wilting occurs. Slowed growth rate, lighter weight
fruit follows slight water deficiency. This problem can be perfectly
rectified if we use automatic micro controller based drip irrigation
system in which the irrigation will take place only when there will be
acute requirement of water.

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3.IRRIGATION

Irrigation system uses valves to turn irrigation ON and OFF. These

valves may be easily automated by using controllers and solenoids.
Automating farm or nursery irrigation allows farmers to apply the right
amount of water at the right time, regardless of the availability of labor
to turn valves on and off. In addition, farmers using automation
equipment are able to reduce runoff from over watering saturated soils,
avoid irrigating at the wrong time of day, which will improve crop
performance by ensuring adequate water and nutrients when needed.
Automatic Drip Irrigation is a valuable tool for accurate soil moisture
control in highly specialized greenhouse vegetable production and it is a
simple, precise method for irrigation. It also helps in time saving,
removal of human error in adjusting available soil moisture levels and to
maximize their net profits. Irrigation is the artificial application of water
to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops. In crop productionit is
mainly used in dry areas and in periods of rainfall shortfalls, but also to
protect plants against frost.

Types of Irrigation
Surface irrigation
Localized irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation

The conventional irrigation methods like overhead sprinklers, flood type

feeding systems usually wet the lower leaves and stem of the plants. The
entire soil surfaces saturated and often stays wet long after irrigation is
completed. Such condition promotes infections by leaf mold fungi. On
the contrary the drip or trickle irrigation is a type of modern irrigation
technique that slowly applies small amounts of water to part of plant
root zone. Water is supplied frequently, often daily to maintain favorable
soil moisture conditioned prevent moisture stress in the plant with

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proper use of water resources. Drip irrigation saves water because only
the plant’s root zone receives moisture. Little water is lost to deep
percolation if the proper amount is applied. Drip irrigation is popular
because it can increase yields and decrease both water requirements and
labor. Drip irrigation requires about half of the water needed by
sprinkler or surface irrigation. Lower operating pressures and flow rates
result in reduced energy costs. A higher degree of water control is
attainable. Plants can be supplied with more precise amounts of water.
Disease and insect damage is reduced because plant foliage stays dry.
Operating cost is usually reduced. Federations may continue during the
irrigation process because rows between plants remain dry.

FIG .1 Overview of Automated Irrigation System

The above fig 1 explains about important parameters to be measured for

automation of irrigation system are soil moisture. The entire field is first
divided into small sections such that each section should contain one
moisture sensor. These sensors are buried in the ground at required
depth. Once the soil has reached desired moisture level the sensors send
a signal to the micro controller to turn on the relays, which control the
motor. In proposed system, automated irrigation mechanism which turns

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the pumping motor ON and OFF on detecting the dampness content of

the earth. In the domain of farming, utilization of appropriate means of
irrigation is significant. The benefit of employingthese techniques is to
decrease human interference. This automated irrigation project, the soil
sensor senses the moisture content by giving input signal to an Arduino
board which operates on ATmega328 micro-controller, is programmed
to collect the input signal of changeable dampness circumstances of the
earth via dampness detecting system.

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4.SOILMOISTURE

Soil moisture is an important component in the atmospheric water cycle,

both on a small agricultural scale and in large-scale modelling of
land/atmosphere interaction. Vegetation and crops always depend more
on the moisture available at root level than on precipitation occurrence.
Water budgeting for irrigation planning, as well as the actual scheduling
of irrigation action, requires local soil moisture information. Knowledge
of the degree of soil wetness helps to forecast the risk of flash floods, or
the occurrence of fog.
Soil water content is an expression of the mass or volume of water in the
soil, while the soil water potential is an expression of the soil water
energy status. The relation between content and potential is not universal
and depends on the characteristics of the local soil, such as soil density
and soil texture.
The basic technique for measuring soil water content is the gravimetric
method. Because this method is based on direct measurements, it is the
standard with which all other methods are compared. Unfortunately,
gravimetric sampling is destructive, rendering repeat measurements on
the same soil sample impossible. Because of the difficulties of
accurately measuring dry soil and water volumes, volumetric water
contents are not usually determined directly.
The capacity of soil to retain water is a function of soil texture and
structure. When removing a soil sample, the soil being evaluated is
disturbed, so its water-holding capacity is altered. Indirect methods of
measuring soil water are helpful as they allow information to be
collected at the same location for many observations without disturbing
the soil water system. Moreover, most indirect\ methods determine the
volumetric soil water content without any need for soil density
determination. The new soil moisture sensor uses Immersion Gold
which protects the nickel from oxidation. Electrodes nickel immersion

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gold (ENIG) has several advantages over more conventional (and

cheaper) surface plating such as HASL (solder), including excellent
surface planarity (particularly helpful for PCB's with large BGA
packages),good oxidation resistance, and usability for untreatedcontact
surfaces such as membrane switches and contact points.
A soil moisture sensor can read the amount of moisturepresent in the soil
surrounding it. It's a low techsensor, but ideal for monitoring an urban
garden, or your pet plant's water level. This is a must have tool for a
connected garden.
This sensor uses the two probes to pass current through the soil, and then
it reads that resistance to get the moisture level. More water makes the
soil conduct electricity more easily (less resistance), while dry soil
conducts electricity poorly (more resistance).

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5.BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIG NO :-2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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6.HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS

• POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

• MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA8L)
• LCD
• HUMIDITY SENSOR
• BC547 TRANSISTOR
• RELAY
• 1N4007
• LED
• RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

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6.1.POWER SUPPLY: - The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated
power supply. The a.c. input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step down by the
transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier. The output obtained from the rectifier is
a pulsating d.c voltage. So in order to get a pure d.c voltage, the output voltage from
the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any a.c components present even after
rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage regulator to obtain a pure
constant dc voltage.

FIGURE NO.3

6.2 Transformer: - Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various

electronic equipment and these voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages
cannot be obtained directly. Thus the a.c input available at the mains supply i.e.,
230V is to be brought down to the required voltage level. This is done by a
transformer. Thus, a step down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to
a required level.
6.3Rectifier: -The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts
A.C. into pulsating D.C. The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In
this project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and full
wave rectification. The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to
dc voltage using both halfcycles of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit
is shown in the figure. The circuit has four diodes connected to form a bridge. The
ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of the bridge. The load
resistance is connected between the other two ends of the bridge. For the positive
half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D3 conduct, whereas diodes D2
and D4 remain in the OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in series with the
load resistance RL and hence the load current flows through RL. For the negative

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half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D2 and D4 conduct whereas, D1 and D3
remain OFF. The conducting diodes D2 and D4 will be in series with the load
resistance RL and hence the current flows through RL in the same direction as in the
previous half cycle. Thus a bi-directional wave is converted into a unidirectional
wave.
6.4Filter: - Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the
output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant
until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, if either of the
two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes. Therefore a regulator is
applied at the output stage.
6.5Voltage regulator: - As the name itself implies, it regulates the input
applied to it. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to
automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project, power supply of 5V
and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812
voltage regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive supply
and the numbers 05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels. The L78xx
series of three-terminal positive regulators is available in TO-220, TO-220FP, TO-
3, D2PAK and DPAK packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful
in a wide range of applications.
These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the
distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs
internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it
essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over
1 A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these
devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage and
currents.

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6.6SENSORS

A sensor is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument.
A sensor is a device, which responds to an input quantity by generating a functionally
related output usually in the form of an electrical or optical signal. A sensor's
sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's output changes when the measured
quantity changes.
6.6.1 Soil moisture sensor:
Working Principle
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil. All plants need water to
grow and survive. Soil moisture sensors used to determine how much water are
needed to irrigate the plants.
6.6.2 Humidity and Temperature Sensor (DHT11)
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of
water and is invisible. Humidity indicates the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or
fog.
Humidity sensors detect the relative humidity of the immediate environments in
which they are placed. They measure both the moisture and temperature in the air
and express relative humidity as a percentage of the ratio of moisture in the air to the
maximum amount that can be held in the air at the current temperature. As air
becomes hotter, it holds more moisture, so the relative humidity changes with the
temperature.
Most humidity sensors use capacitive measurement to determine the amount of
moisture in the air. This type of measurement relies on two electrical conductors
with a non-conductive polymer film laying between them to create an electrical field
between them. Moisture from the air collects on the film and causes changes in the
voltage levels between the two plates. This change is then converted into a digital
measurement of the air’s relative humidity after taking the air temperature into
account.

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6.6.3 DHT11 sensor and pin description

FIG NO. 4

6.6.4 Features

FIGNO5 Low
cost, long-term stability, relative humidity and temperature measurement, excellent
quality, fast response, strong anti-interference ability, long distance signal
transmission, digital signal output, and precise calibration.

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6.7MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, UC or MCU) is a small computer on

a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM
is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM.
Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.
6.7.1 Basic Peripherals in a Microcontroller:
1. I/O ports.

2. Interfacing with LCD

3. Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)

4. USART

5. Timers/Counters

6. Interrupts

7. I2C
8. SPI

6.7.2 Uses of Microcontrollers:

Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as
automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls,
office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By
reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor,
memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally
control even more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are
common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic
systems.

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6.7.3 About AVR Atmega8l:

a) I/O and Packages:

23 Programmable I/O Lines, 28-lead PDIP

b) Operating Voltages:
2.7V - 5.5V (ATmega8L)
4.5V - 5.5V (ATmega8)

C) Power Consumption:
At 4 MHz, 3V, 25°C:
Active: 3.6mA
Idle Mode: 1.0mA
Power-down Mode: 0.5Μa

6.8PIN DIAGRAM(ATMEGA8L)
FIG NO 6

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6.9LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

The display module consists of an LCD. The LCD used here is JHD 161A. The
function of LCD is given below:
Most LCDs with 1 controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller has 16 Pins
(two pins are extra in both for back-light LED connections). Pin description is shown
in the table below.

6.9.1 LCD PIN DESCRIPTION

PIN NO. NAME DESCRIPTION

Pin no. 1 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)

Pin no. 2 D6 Data bus line 6

Pin no. 3 D5 Data bus line 5

Pin no. 4 D4 Data bus line 4

Pin no. 5 D3 Data bus line 3

Pin no. 6 D2 Data bus line 2

Pin no. 7 D1 Data bus line 1

Pin no. 8 D0 Data bus line 0

Pin no. 9 EN1 Enable signal for row 0 and 1

Pin no. 10. R/W 0 = Write to LCD module

1 = Read from LCD module

Pin no. 11. RS 0=Instruction Input

1=Data Input

Pin no. 12. VEE Contrast adjust

Pin no. 13. VCC Power supply (+5V)

Pin no. 14. VSS Power supply (GND)

Pin no. 15. LED+ Backlight LED

Pin no. 16. LED- Backlight LED

FIG NO 7

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6.8.2 PIN DIAGARM

FIG NO 8

Parameter Symbol Testing STANDARD VALUES Unit

Criteria
Min. Typ. Max.

Supply voltage VDD-VSS - 4.5 5.0 5.5 V

Input high voltage VIH - 2.2 - VDD V
Input low voltage VIL - -0.3 - 0.6 V
Output high voltage VOH IOH=02mA 2.4 - - V
Output low voltage VOL IOL=1.2mA - - 0.4 V
Operating voltage IDD VDD=5.0V - 1.5 3.0 V

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6.10RELAY

A relay is an electrically controllable switch widely used in industrial controls,

automobiles and appliances. The relay allows the isolation of two separate sections
of a system with two different voltage sources i.e., a small amount of voltage/current
on one side can handle a large amount of voltage/current on the other side but there
is no chance that these two voltages mix up.

Fig: 9 Circuit symbol of a relay Operation-

when current flows through the coil, a magnetic field are created around the coil i.e.,
the coil is energized. This causes the armature to be attracted to the coil. The
armature’s contact acts like a switch and closes or opens the circuit. When the coil
is not energized, a spring pulls the armature to its normal state of open or closed.
There are all types of relays for all kinds of applications.

Fig: 10 Relay Operation and use of protection diodes

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Transistors and ICs must be protected from the brief high voltage 'spike' produced
when the relay coil is switched off.

The above diagram shows how a signal diode (eg 1N4148) is connected across the
relay coil to provide this protection. The diode is connected 'backwards' so that it
will normally not conduct. Conduction occurs only when the relay coil is switched
off, at this moment the current tries to flow continuously through the coil and it is
safely diverted through the diode. Without the diode no current could flow and the
coil would produce a damaging
high voltage 'spike' in its attempt to keep the current flowing. In choosing a relay,
the following characteristics need to be considered:
1. The contacts can be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC). In the NC type,
the contacts are closed when the coil is not energized. In the NO type, the contacts
are closed when the coil is energized.
2. There can be one or more contacts. i.e., a different type like SPST (single pole
single throw), SPDT (single pole double throw) and DPDT (double pole double
throw) relays.
3. The voltage and current required to energize the coil. The voltage can vary from
a few volts to 50 volts, while the current can be from a few milliamps to
20milliamps. The relay has a minimum voltage, below which the coil will not be
energized. This minimum voltage is called the “pull-in” voltage.
4. The minimum DC/AC voltage and current that can be handled by the contacts.
This is in the range of a few volts to hundreds of volts, while the current can be
from a few amps to 40A or more, depending on the relay.

6.11TRANSISTOR: - A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify

and switch electronic signals. It is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material,
with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current
applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through
another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much more
than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.

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Some transistors are packaged individually but many more are found embedded in
integrated circuits.

6.12BUZZER: - A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be

mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers
include alarms, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.

6.13FEASIBILITY: - The Sensor sense the humidity and give the Analog signal
to Pin no. 28 of microcontroller, the set of instruction in the microcontroller calculate
the humidity in the soil which mean the water level present in the soil. Than as per
crops requirement microcontroller start and stop water pump of farms.

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7.

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8.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FIG : 11

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.T)

9. ADVANTAGES

 Consumes time-it the system is installed once then we can set a timer
to water for specific time interval.

 By using this type irrigation systems, the position of the water is

effectively targeted where there is a need.

 High frequency due to water distribution.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.T)

10 .DISADVANTAGES

 is expensive Design of the system.

 High amount of energy is required.

 Loss of water due to evaporation.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.T)

11.FUTURE SCOPE:

This concept can be improved in future by enhancing it by integrating

with GSM technology, such that whenever the water pump switches
ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the
status of the pump.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN (U.T)

12.CONCLUSION

The project “automatic irrigation system on sensing soil moisture

content” has been successfully studied. The project is developed to sense
the moisture content present in the soil. We can detect if the soil is dry
or wet with motor operation. The advantage of this project to decrease
the human involvement and still make certain appropriate irrigation
systems with high efficiency.The primary applications for this project
are for farmers and gardeners who do not have enough time to water
their crops/plants. It also covers those farmers who are wastefulof water
during irrigation. The project can be extended to greenhouses where
manual supervision is far and few in between. The principle can be
extended to create fully automated gardens and farmlands. Combined
with the principle of rain water harvesting, it could lead to huge water
savings if applied in the right manner. In agricultural lands with severe
shortage of rainfall, this model can be successfully applied to achieve
great results with most types of soil.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING