CN LAB RECORD
Wired programs:
1. Simulate a point-to-point network with duplex link as follows: n0-n2, n1-n2 and n2-
n3. Apply TCP agent between n0-n3 and UDP agent between n1-n3. Apply relevant
applications over TCP and UDP agents. Set the queue size to 5 and vary the
bandwidth to find number of packets dropped and received by TCP and UDP
agents using awk script and grep command.
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open ex1.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open ex1.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 2Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 0.4Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n1 $n2 5
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp1
set null1 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null1
$ns connect $udp1 $null1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
$ns at 1.1 "$cbr1 start"
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns at 0.1 "$ftp start"
$ns at 10.0 "finish"
proc finish {} {
global ns tf nf
$ns flush-trace
close $tf
close $nf
puts "running nam..."
exec nam ex1.nam &
exit 0
}
$ns run
Expected output: Animated 4 node structure is displayed. We need to see the trace file
to understand what has happened to the data flow.
Grep
grep “^r” ex1.tr #packets received
To calculate number of packet dropped by TCP and udp we need to write awk script.
Save the below program as ex1.awk
BEGIN {
tcp_count=0;
udp_count=0;
}
{
if ( $1 == "d" && $5 == "tcp")
tcp_count ++;
if ( $1 == "d" && $5 == "cbr")
udp_count ++;
}
END {
printf("Number of packet dropped in TCP %d\n", tcp_count);
printf("Number of packet dropped in UDP %d\n", udp_count);
To run the awk script you need to execute the command shown bellow on the terminal.
awk –f ex1.awk ex1.tr
2. Set up the network topology as shown in fig 1. Simulate different type of internet
traffic Such as traffic using FTP between the nodes n1 – n6 and Telnet between the
nodes n2-n5. Plot congestion window for FTP and Telnet, and analyze the
throughput.
Fig. 1: Network Topology
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open ex2.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open ex2.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set cwind [open win2.tr w]
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink0
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp0
$ns at 1.2 "$ftp start"
set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $sink1
$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1
set telnet [new Application/Telnet]
$telnet attach-agent $tcp1
$ns at 1.5 "$telnet start"
$ns at 10.0 "finish"
proc plotWindow {tcpSource file} {
global ns
set time 0.01
set now [$ns now]
set cwnd [$tcpSource set cwnd_]
puts $file "$now $cwnd"
$ns at [expr $now+$time] "plotWindow $tcpSource $file" }
$ns at 2.0 "plotWindow $tcp0 $cwind"
$ns at 5.5 "plotWindow $tcp1 $cwind"
proc finish {} {
global ns tf nf cwind
$ns flush-trace
close $tf
close $nf
close $cwind
puts "running nam..."
puts "FTP PACKETS.."
puts "Telnet PACKETS.."
exec nam ex2.nam &
exec xgraph win2.tr &
exit 0
}
$ns run
Expected output: Animated 4 node structure is displayed. We need to see the trace file
to understand what has happened to the data flow depending on the application used.
Awk script to calculate throughput
BEGIN {
last = 0
tcp_sz = 0
cbr_sz = 0
total_sz = 0
}
{
action = $1;
time = $2;
from = $3;
to = $4;
type = $5;
pktsize = $6;
flow_id = $8;
src = $9;
dst = $10;
seq_no = $11;
packet_id = $12;
if (type == "tcp" && action == "r" && to == "3" )
tcp_sz += pktsize
if (type == "cbr" && action == "r" && to == "3" )
cbr_sz += pktsize
total_sz += pktsize
}
END {
print time, ( tcp_sz * 8 / 1000000)
print time , (tcp_sz * 8 / 1000000 ), ( total_sz * 8 / 1000000)
}
3. Design networks that demonstrate the working of Distance vector routing protocol.
The link between node 1 and 4 breaks at 1.0ms and comes up at 3.0ms. Assume that
the source node 0 transmits packets to node 4. Plot the congestion window when
TCP sends packets via other nodes. Assume your own parameters for bandwidth
and delay.
Fig 2: Network Topology
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open ex4.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open ex4.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set cwind [open win4.tr w]
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red
$ns rtproto DV
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n4 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n5 0.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 0.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient up
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n4 orient up-left
$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n5 orient up-left
$ns duplex-link-op $n4 $n5 orient right-up
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n5 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
$tcp set fid_ 1
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n1 $n4
$ns rtmodel-at 3.0 up $n1 $n4
$ns at 0.1 "$ftp start"
$ns at 12.0 "finish"
proc plotWindow {tcpSource file} {
global ns
set time 0.01
set now [$ns now]
set cwnd [$tcpSource set cwnd_]
puts $file "$now $cwnd"
$ns at [expr $now+$time] "plotWindow $tcpSource $file" }
$ns at 1.0 "plotWindow $tcp $cwind"
proc finish {} {
global ns tf nf cwind
$ns flush-trace
close $tf
close $nf
exec nam ex4.nam &
exec xgraph win4.tr &
exit 0
}
$ns run
Expected output: Animated 6 node structure is displayed. We need to see the nam file
as well as the trace file to understand what has happened to the data flow.
4. Consider a client and a server. The server is running a FTP application over TCP.
The client sends a request to download a file of size 10 MB from the server. Write a
TCL script to simulate this scenario. Let node n0 be the server and node n1 be the
client. TCP packet size is 1500 Bytes.
#Create a ns simulator
set ns [new Simulator]
#Open the NS trace file
set tracefile [open ex5.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
#Open the NAM trace file
set namfile [open ex5.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
#Create 2 nodes
set s [$ns node]
set c [$ns node]
$ns color 1 Blue
#Create labels for nodes
$s label "Server"
$c label "Client"
#Create links between nodes
$ns duplex-link $s $c 10Mb 22ms DropTail
#Give node position (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $s $c orient right
#Setup a TCP connection for node s(server)
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $s $tcp0
$tcp0 set packetSize_ 1500
#Setup a TCPSink connection for node c(client)
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $c $sink0
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0
#Setup a FTP Application over TCP connection
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$tcp0 set fid_ 1
proc finish { } {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam ex5.nam &
}
$ns at 0.01 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 15.0 "$ftp0 stop"
$ns at 15.1 "finish"
$ns run
Expected output: Animated 2 node structure is displayed with the node labeled as
client and server. We need to make use of the awk script to calculate the time required
to transfer the 10 MB file from the server to client and duration for converting
downloaded file into MB.
Save the following awk script as ex5transfer.awk
# AWK script to calulate the time required to transfer the 10 MB file from the server to
client
BEGIN {
count=0;
time=0;
total_bytes_sent =0;
total_bytes_received=0;
}
{
if ( $1 == "r" && $4 == 1 && $5 == "tcp")
total_bytes_received += $6;
if($1 == "+" && $3 == 0 && $5 == "tcp")
total_bytes_sent += $6;
}
END {
system("clear");
printf("\n Transmission time required to transfer the file is %f",$2);
printf("\n Actual data sent from the server is %f Mbps",(total_bytes_sent)/1000000);
printf("\n Data Received by the client is %f Mbps\n",(total_bytes_received)/1000000);
Save the following awk script as ex5convert.awk
# AWK Script to convert the downloaded file into MB
BEGIN {
count=0;
time=0;
}
{
if ( $1 == "r" && $4 == 1 && $5 == "tcp")
{
count += $6;
time=$2;
printf("\n%f\t%f",time,(count)/1000000);
}
}
END {
}
5. Demonstrate the working of multicast routing protocol. Assume your own
parameters for bandwidth and delay.
#Create an event scheduler wit multicast turned on
set ns [new Simulator -multicast on]
#$ns multicast
#Turn on Tracing
set tf [open mcast.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
# Turn on nam Tracing
set fd [open mcast.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $fd
# Create nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
set n7 [$ns node]
# Create links
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n7 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n6 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail
# Routing protocol: say distance vector
#Protocols: CtrMcast, DM, ST, BST
set mproto DM
set mrthandle [$ns mrtproto $mproto {}]
# Allocate group addresses
set group1 [Node allocaddr]
set group2 [Node allocaddr]
# UDP Transport agent for the traffic source
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
$udp0 set dst_addr_ $group1
$udp0 set dst_port_ 0
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp0
# Transport agent for the traffic source
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
$udp1 set dst_addr_ $group2
$udp1 set dst_port_ 0
set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr2 attach-agent $udp1
# Create receiver
set rcvr1 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $rcvr1
$ns at 1.0 "$n5 join-group $rcvr1 $group1"
set rcvr2 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $rcvr2
$ns at 1.5 "$n6 join-group $rcvr2 $group1"
set rcvr3 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n4 $rcvr3
$ns at 2.0 "$n7 join-group $rcvr3 $group1"
set rcvr4 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n5 $rcvr1
$ns at 2.5 "$n5 join-group $rcvr4 $group2"
set rcvr5 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n6 $rcvr2
$ns at 3.0 "$n6 join-group $rcvr5 $group2"
set rcvr6 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n7 $rcvr3
$ns at 3.5 "$n7 join-group $rcvr6 $group2"
$ns at 4.0 "$n2 leave-group $rcvr1 $group1"
$ns at 4.5 "$n3 leave-group $rcvr2 $group1"
$ns at 5.0 "$n4 leave-group $rcvr3 $group1"
$ns at 5.5 "$n5 leave-group $rcvr4 $group2"
$ns at 6.0 "$n6 leave-group $rcvr5 $group2"
$ns at 6.5 "$n7 leave-group $rcvr6 $group2"
# Schedule events
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 9.5 "$cbr1 stop"
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr2 start"
$ns at 9.5 "$cbr2 stop"
$ns at 10.0 "finish"
proc finish {} {
global ns tf fd
$ns flush-trace
close $tf
close $fd
exec nam mcast.nam &
exit 0
}
# For nam
# Group 0 source
#$udp0 set fid_ 1
#$n0 color red
$n0 label "Source 1"
# Group 1 source
#$udp1 set fid_ 2
#$n1 color green
$n1 label "Source 2"
#Colors for packets from two mcast groups
$ns color 1 red
$ns color 2 green
$n5 label "Receiver 1"
$n5 color blue
$n6 label "Receiver 2"
$n6 color blue
$n7 label "Receiver 3"
$n7 color blue
$ns run
Expected output: Animated node structure is displayed with single sender multicasting
data to specific receiver group.
Wireless programs:
1. Set up a 2-node wireless network. Analyze TCP performance for this scenario with
DSDV as routing protocol.
#Setting the Default Parameters
##################################################################
# Setting the Default Parameters #
##################################################################
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac) Mac/802_11
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ll) LL
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x) 500
set val(y) 500
set val(ifqlen) 50
set val(nn) 2
set val(stop) 20.0
set val(rp) DSDV
set ns_ [new Simulator]
set tracefd [open 001.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
set namtrace [open 001.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
set prop [new $val(prop)]
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
create-god $val(nn)
#Node Configuration
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON
#Creating Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
#Initial Positions of Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 40
}
#Topology Design
$ns_ at 1.1 "$node_(0) setdest 310.0 10.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.1 "$node_(1) setdest 10.0 310.0 20.0"
#Generating Traffic
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp0
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $sink0
$ns_ connect $tcp0 $sink0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns_ at 1.0 "$ftp0 start"
$ns_ at 18.0 "$ftp0 stop"
#Simulation Termination
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop) "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Expected Output: Demonstration of wireless network, Analysis of DSDV routing
protocol.
2. Set up 3-node wireless network with node N1 between N0 and N2. As the nodes N0 and
N2 moves towards each other they exchange packets. As they move out of each other‘s
range they drop some packets. Analyze TCP performance for this scenario with AODV
routing protocol.
#Setting the Default Parameters
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac) Mac/802_11
#set val(ifq) CMUPriQueue
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ll) LL
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x) 500
set val(y) 400
set val(ifqlen) 50
set val(nn) 3
set val(stop) 60.0
set val(rp) AODV
set ns_ [new Simulator]
set tracefd [open 002.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
set namtrace [open 002.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
set prop [new $val(prop)]
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
create-god $val(nn)
#Node Configuration
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON
#Creating Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
$node_($i) random-motion 0
}
#Initial Positions of Nodes
$node_(0) set x_ 5.0
$node_(0) set y_ 5.0
$node_(0) set z_ 0.0
$node_(1) set x_ 490.0
$node_(1) set y_ 285.0
$node_(1) set z_ 0.0
$node_(2) set x_ 150.0
$node_(2) set y_ 240.0
$node_(2) set z_ 0.0
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 40
}
#Topology Design
$ns_ at 0.0 "$node_(0) setdest 450.0 285.0 30.0"
$ns_ at 0.0 "$node_(1) setdest 200.0 285.0 30.0"
$ns_ at 0.0 "$node_(2) setdest 1.0 285.0 30.0"
$ns_ at 25.0 "$node_(0) setdest 300.0 285.0 10.0"
$ns_ at 25.0 "$node_(2) setdest 100.0 285.0 10.0"
$ns_ at 40.0 "$node_(0) setdest 490.0 285.0 5.0"
$ns_ at 40.0 "$node_(2) setdest 1.0 285.0 5.0"
#Generating Traffic
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp0
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $sink0
$ns_ connect $tcp0 $sink0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns_ at 10.0 "$ftp0 start"
#Simulation Termination
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop) "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Repeat the simulation for AODV and DSR Routing protocols.
Output: Demonstration of wireless network, Analysis of routing protocols.
3. Set up a 6-node wireless network; analyze TCP performance when nodes are static and
mobile.
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac) Mac/802_11
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ll) LL
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x) 500
set val(y) 500
set val(ifqlen) 50
set val(nn) 25
set val(stop) 100.0
set val(rp) AODV
#set val(sc) "mob-25-50"
set val(cp) "tcp-25-8"
set ns_ [new Simulator]
set tracefd [open 003.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
set namtrace [open 003.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
set prop [new $val(prop)]
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
set god_ [create-god $val(nn)]
#Node Configuration
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON
#Creating Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
$node_($i) random-motion 0
}
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
set xx [expr rand()*500]
set yy [expr rand()*400]
$node_($i) set X_ $xx
$node_($i) set Y_ $yy
}
#Initial Positions of Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 40
}
#puts "Loading scenario file..."
#source $val(sc)
puts "Loading connection file..."
source $val(cp)
#Simulation Termination
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop) "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Expected Output: Setup of wireless network and Performance analysis of static and
mobile nodes.
4. Write a TCL script to simulate the following scenario. Consider six nodes, (as shown in
the figure below) moving within a flat topology of 700m x 700m. The initial positions of
nodes are: n0 (150, 300), n1 (300, 500), n2(500, 500), n3 (300, 100), n4(500, 100) and
n5(650, 300) respectively. A TCP connection is initiated between n0 (source) and n5
(destination) through n3 and n4 i.e., the route is 0- 3-4-5. At time t = 3 seconds, the FTP
application runs over it. After time t = 4 seconds, n3 (300,100) moves towards n1 (300,
500) with a speed of 5.0m/sec and after some time the path breaks. The data is then
transmitted with a new path via n1 and n2 i.e., the new route is 0-1-2-5. The simulation
lasts for 60 secs. In the above said case both the routes have equal cost. Use DSR as the
routing protocol And the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol.
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac) Mac/802_11
#set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ifq) CMUPriQueue
set val(ll) LL
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x) 700
set val(y) 700
set val(ifqlen) 50
set val(nn) 6
set val(stop) 60.0
set val(rp) DSR
set ns_ [new Simulator]
set tracefd [open 004.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
set namtrace [open 004.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
set prop [new $val(prop)]
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
set god_ [create-god $val(nn)]
#Node Configuration
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON
#Creating Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
$node_($i) random-motion 0
}
#Initial Positions of Nodes
$node_(0) set X_ 150.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 300.0
$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(1) set X_ 300.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 500.0
$node_(1) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(2) set X_ 500.0
$node_(2) set Y_ 500.0
$node_(2) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(3) set X_ 300.0
$node_(3) set Y_ 100.0
$node_(3) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(4) set X_ 500.0
$node_(4) set Y_ 100.0
$node_(4) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(5) set X_ 650.0
$node_(5) set Y_ 300.0
$node_(5) set Z_ 0.0
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 40
}
#Topology Design
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(0) setdest 160.0 300.0 2.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(1) setdest 310.0 150.0 2.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(2) setdest 490.0 490.0 2.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(3) setdest 300.0 120.0 2.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(4) setdest 510.0 90.0 2.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(5) setdest 640.0 290.0 2.0"
$ns_ at 4.0 "$node_(3) setdest 300.0 500.0 5.0"
#Generating Traffic
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp0
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(5) $sink0
$ns_ connect $tcp0 $sink0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns_ at 5.0 "$ftp0 start"
$ns_ at 60.0 "$ftp0 stop"
#Simulation Termination
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop) "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Output: Demonstration of wireless network, Analysis of DSR routing protocol.
5. Set up a wireless network with mobile nodes, induce 1 to 10% error to the network using
uniform error model. Plot the congestion window for TCP connections. Write your
observation on TCP performance as error increases in the network.
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy
set val(mac) Mac/802_11
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ll) LL
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
set val(x) 500
set val(y) 500
set val(ifqlen) 50
set val(nn) 5
set val(stop) 50.0
set val(rp) AODV
set ns_ [new Simulator]
set tracefd [open 006.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
set namtrace [open 006.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
set prop [new $val(prop)]
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
create-god $val(nn)
#Node Configuration
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-IncomingErrProc "uniformErr" \
-OutgoingErrProc "uniformErr"
proc uniformErr {} {
set err [new ErrorModel]
$err unit pkt
$err set rate_ 0.01
return $err
}
#Creating Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns_ node]
$node_($i) random-motion 0
}
#Initial Positions of Nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 40
}
#Topology Design
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(0) setdest 10.0 10.0 50.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(1) setdest 10.0 100.0 50.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(4) setdest 50.0 50.0 50.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(2) setdest 100.0 100.0 50.0"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$node_(3) setdest 100.0 10.0 50.0"
#Generating Traffic
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp0
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $sink0
$ns_ connect $tcp0 $sink0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns_ at 1.0 "$ftp0 start"
$ns_ at 50.0 "$ftp0 stop"
set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $tcp1
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $sink1
$ns_ connect $tcp1 $sink1
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
$ns_ at 1.0 "$ftp1 start"
$ns_ at 50.0 "$ftp1 stop"
#Simulation Termination
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop) "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Expected output: Animated nodes structure is displayed. We need to see the
performance of the network with a varying error rate.
