Teacher: Miss Nisrine

Reported speech
Rules:
Direct speech reported speech
Simple present past present
“Where is my umbrella? “she asked. she asked where her umbrella was
Present continuous past continuous
“Where are you going? “she asked. She asked where you were going
Simple past past perfect
“I went to the library yesterday“ he said. he said that he had gone to the library
Past continuous past perfect continuous
“John wasn’t cooking at 6 pm yesterday “ mary said that john hadn’t been cook at 6pm
Mary said. Yesterday.
Present perfect - past perfect simple
“The child has eaten three bowls of ice cream! “ Mary said that the child had eaten three bowls of ice cream.

Mary said

Present perfect continuous past perfect continuous

“It has been raining all day“ he said He said that it had been raining all day.
Future simple would
“A match will set fire to a large building“ The man said that a match would set fire to a large building
The man said.
Future perfect would have
“Tom will have arrived at 7pm“ Mike said. Mike said that tom would have arrived at 7 pm.
Can could/would be able to
“You have too much cake “My mom told me. My mom told that I could have too much cake
May might
I may leave soon he said He said that he might leave soon.
Must must/ had to/ would have to
“All the lessons must be learnt today“ The teacher said that the lessons would have
the teacher said. To be learnt today.
TIME/SPACE EXPRESSIONS:

YESTERDAY  THE DAY BEFORE

TODAY  THAT DAY
LAST WEEK/MONTH/…  THE WEEK/MONTH/… BEFORE
THE PREVIOUS WEEK/MONTH/…
TOMORROW  THE NEXT DAY
NEXT MONTH/YEAR/…  THE FOLLOWING MONTH/YEAR/…
THIS/THESE  THAT/THOSE
HERE  THERE

Practice
SHE SAID THAT….
a) “I’m living in New York.”
____________________________________________________________________________
b) “My mother isn’t very well.”
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c) “Jane and Paul are going to visit Italy next month.”
____________________________________________________________________________
d) “My brother had an accident.”
____________________________________________________________________________
e) “I haven’t seen Diana last night.”
____________________________________________________________________________
f) “Jack and Jill were waiting for the bus.”
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g) “I don’t drink coffee anymore.”
____________________________________________________________________________
h) “Tom can speak Japanese.”
____________________________________________________________________________
i) “I will go to Anna’s birthday party.”
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j) “My purse was stolen this morning.”
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k) “Kate took my keys.”
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l) “My husband has just finished reading this interesting book.”
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 Modal verbs

MODAL VERBS USE EXAMPLES

ability She can run like no one else.
CAN request Can I ask you a favor?
permission You can come in now.
COULD request Could you call the nurse, please?
ability When he was younger, he could dance for hours.
MAY permission May I come in?
possibility He may be late tomorrow.
MIGHT possibility We might not wait for you.
MUST necessity I must leave now.
MUSTN’T prohibition You mustn’t drive without a license.
SHOULD advice She should see a doctor.
moral obligation We should respect nature.

Practice

1. Choose the right modal verb for each situation.

a) We should/ can/ may go home now. It´s getting cold.

b) May / Must / Might I start the game?

c) Tim just shouldn´t / couldn´t / can´t speak, he was so shocked.

d) You mustn´t / couldn´t / mightn´t smoke here.

e) Tomorrow I can / might / should go to the beach, but I´m not sure.

2. Fill in the blanks with the most suitable modal verb.

a) When she was younger, she run very fast.

b) I _ understand a word she´s saying.

c) The doctor told me I _ in bed. It´s essential, he said.

d) You smoke. It´s not good for you.

e) I don´t know if I do this exercise. It´s rather difficult.

f) You never lie to your parents.

 Relative pronoun

It is used to refer to people

Who Example: The man who
works at the Post Office is
very kind.

It is used to refer to animals

and objects
Which
Example: Tina has a bunch
of flowers which his friend
bought.

It is used to refer to
possession
Whose
Example: Whose is that
dictionary?

Have you seen the girl

It is whose
used to father
refer todied
people,
animals,It can replace WHO
That or WHICH
Example: The blue jacket that
she is putting on belongs to her
friend.

It used to refer to places

Where
The hotel where we slept
was excellent

It is used to refer to time

When
That was the day when my
sister was born

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE WHEN/WHERE/WHICH/WHO/WHOSE

1.-A couch is a person ………………………….. helps you train.

2.-That’s the politician …………………………. daughter got married in Miami.

3.-A court is a place …………………………..…. people play tennis.

4.-That is the race …………………………………. millions of people watch.

5.-1992 is the year ……………………………..… the Olympics were held in Barcelona.

6.- I have a friend ………………………….……. father is working in the local hospital

7.-You will never forget the day …………………….…. you were born.
 Passive voive
Rule:

The students write stories

Subject verb object

Stories are written by the students

Object to be past Subject
Present participial

Example:

Active Passive
Ahmed prepares the cake the cake is prepared by Ahmed.
Present
Ahmed prepared the cake the cake was prepared by Ahmed.
Past
Conclusion:
Structure of the passive voice:
Object+ verb to be (conjugated according to the tense of the original sentence) + verb in the past participal+
subject
 Exercise
Present

1. They grow coffee in Brazil

___________________________

2. He examines patients on the second floor

_______________________________

3. She feeds the animal twice a day.

_______________________________

4. They deliver the newspaper in the morning.

______________________________

Past

1. He found the child in the park.

________________________________

2. They broke the glasses with a stone.

________________________________

3. She saw the mouse in the kitchen.

_________________________________

4. I polished the furniture in the afternoon.

_________________________________

5. He made the dress.

__________________________________

6. Somebody pushed Mary into the water.

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