DESIGN CALCULATIONS: OPTIMIZATION 3

Material BALANCE CALCULATION

GIVEN VALUES
Description FORMULAR
Operating pressure
Ideal gas constant
Feed temperature
Dew point temperature
Bubble point temperature
Minimum reflux ratio
Feed flow rate
Composition of n-butane in feed
Composition of n-pentane in feed
Composition of n-hexane in feed
Composition of n-heptane in feed
Composition of n-pentane recovered in distillate
Composition of n-hexane recovered in Bottoms
MOLAR FLOWRATES
Description FORMULAR
flow rate of n-pentane in Feed
flow rate of n-pentane in Distillate
flow rate of n-pentane in Bottoms
flow rate of n-hexane in Feed
flow rate of n-hexane in Bottoms
flow rate of n-hexane in Distillate
flow rate of n-butane in Feed

flow rate of n-butane in Distillate

flow rate of n-butane in Bottoms

flow rate of n-heptane in Feed

flow rate of n-heptane in Distillate

flow rate of n-heptane in Bottoms

total flow rate in Distillate
Total flow rate in Bottoms
TOP & BOTTOM FLOWRATES
 Description FORMULAR
Actual reflux ratio RACTUAL=1.5RMIN
Liquid flowrate in rectifying section
Vapour flowrate in rectifying section
Feed enters at boiling point hence q=1
Liquid flowrate in stripping section
Vapour flowrate in stripping section
MOLAR COMPOSITIONS
Description FORMULAR
Composition of n-butane
Composition of n-pentane
Composition of n-hexane
Composition of n-heptane
LIQUID DENSITIES
Description FORMULAR
General Liquid density of n-butane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
General Liquid density of n-pentane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
General Liquid density of n-hexane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
General Liquid density of n-heptane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
Liquid density of mixture
VAPOUR DENSITIES
Description FORMULAR
Molar mass of n-butane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
Molar mass of n-pentane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
Molar mass of n-hexane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
Molar mass of n-heptane Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6 Appendix C
Molar mass of mixture
Vapour density of n-butane
Vapour density of n-pentane
Vapour density of n-hexane
Vapour density of n-heptane
Vapour density of mixture
SURFACE TENSION
Description FORMULAR
Contribution to Sugden Parachor for carbon Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6: Table 8.7 Pg 335
Contribution to Sugden Parachor for hydrogen Coulson and Richardson Vol. 6: Table 8.7 Pg 335
Sugden Parachor for n-butane
Sugden Parachor for n-pentane
Sugden Parachor for n-hexane
Sugden Parachor for n-heptane
Surface tension of n-butane
Surface tension of n-pentane
Surface tension of n-hexane
Surface tension of n-heptane
Surface tension of mixture
MIZATION 3 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
TION HYDRAULIC SIEVE
VAPOUR-LIQUID EQU
SYMBOL UNITS VALUE PROCES DESIGN P
P Kpa 450 Description
R 8.314 Temperature
O
TF C 70 Liquid flow rate
O
TDEW C 67 Vapour flow rate
O
TBUBBLE C 132 Vapour density
RMIN 0.395 Liquid density
F kmol/h 100 Surface tension
Zbutane,F 0.4 Molecular weight
Zpentane,F 0.25
Zhexane,F 0.2 ASSUMED PARAMETERS
Zheptane,F 0.15 Parameter
Xpentane,D 0.9 Tray spacing
Xhexane,B 0.9 Flooding factor
Downcomer area
SYMBOL UNITS VALUE Hole area
kmol/h 25 Weir height
kmol/h 22.5 Hole diameter
kmol/h 2.5 Tray thickness
kmol/h 20 Turndown
kmol/h 18
kmol/h 2 COLUMN DIAMETER CALCULATI
kmol/h 40 PARAMETER

kmol/h 40 Liquid vapour flow factor

kmol/h 0 Factor

kmol/h 15 Corrected factor

kmol/h 0 Flooding velocity

kmol/h 15 Actual vapour velocity

D kmol/h 64.5 Maximum vapour flow
B kmol/h 35.5 Net area required
Column cross sectional area
 SYMBOL UNITS VALUE Column diameter
RACTUAL 0.5925
L 38.21625 USING THE SAME DIAMETER ABOVE AND BELOW
V 102.7163 Diameter in meters
q 1 Diameter in feet
L' 138.2163 Rounding off to the nearest 1/2 ft
V' 102.7163 Final Diameter

SYMBOL UNITS DISTILLATE BOTTOMS PROVISIONAL PLATE DESIGN

Xbutane 0.62 0.00 ADJUSTED VALUES
Xpentane 0.35 0.07 PARAMETER
Xhexane 0.03 0.51 Column cross sectional area
Xheptane 0.00 0.42 Downcomer area
Net area required
SYMBOL UNITS TOP BOTTOM Active area
579 579 Hole area
626 626
659 659 WEIR LENGTH
684 684 (Ad/Ac) X100
597.88 667.2394 using figure 11.31 (coulson &Richardson)
ℓw/Dc
SYMBOL UNITS TOP BOTTOM ℓw
58.124 58.124
72.151 72.151 14.Number of Holes
86.178 86.178 parameter
100.250 100.250 area of each hole
63.887 91.136 NUMBER OF HOLES
9.25 7.77
11.49 9.64
13.72 11.52
15.96 13.40
10.17 12.18

SYMBOL UNITS TOP BOTTOM

C 4.8 4.8
H 17.1 17.1
190.20 190.20
229.20 229.20
268.2 268.2
307.2 307.2
12.08 12.21
14.52 14.70
16.26 16.49
17.56 17.83
0.0131 0.0169
DESIGN CALCULATIONS: OPTIMIZATION 3
HYDRAULIC SIEVE TRAY SIZING
VAPOUR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA
PROCES DESIGN PARAMETERS
Description UNITS SYMBOL TOP SYMBOL BOTTOM
0
Temperature C T 67 T 132.000
Liquid flow rate kmol/h L 38.21625 L' 138.216
Vapour flow rate kmol/h V 102.716 V' 102.716
Vapour density kg/m 3 ρv 10.1704 ρv 12.1797
3
Liquid density kg/m ρL 597.876 ρL 667.239
Surface tension N/m σ 0.0131 σ 0.0169
Molecular weight kg/kmol MM 63.887 MM 91.136

ASSUMED PARAMETERS
Parameter Symbol top bottom UNIT
Tray spacing ℓt 0.375 0.53 m (Range :0.3- 0.6m)
Flooding factor F 85 85 % (Range :70 - 90%)
Downcomer area Ad 20 20 %Ac (Range :10- 20%)
Hole area Ah 10 10 %Aa (Range :10- 20%)
Weir height hw 40 40 mm (Range : 40 - 90mm)
Hole diameter dh 4 3 mm (Range :2.5 -12mm)
Tray thickness tD 5 5 mm (Range : 3 - 5mm)
Turndown 95 92 %

COLUMN DIAMETER CALCULATION

F0RMULAR UNITS SYMBOL TOP BOTTOM

FVL=(L/V) (ρ_V/ρ_L )0.5 - FVL 0.0485 0.182

Appendix A, figure 11.27 - K1 0.070 0.077

k1,cor=k1 (σ/0.02)^0.2 - K1,corr 0.064 0.074

0.5
Uf=k1 (ρL-ρV/ρV ) m/s Uf 0.532 0.565

ÛV=FUf m/s Ûv 0.452 0.480

Vmax=(V*MM)/(ρV (3600) ) m 3 /s Vmax 0.179 0.213
2
An=(Vmax/ÛV) m An 0.396 0.445
2
Ac=An/0.88 m Ac 0.495 0.454
 Dc=((4Ac)/π)^(1/2) m Dc 0.794 0.760

THE SAME DIAMETER ABOVE AND BELOW

Diameter in meters 0.760
Diameter in feet 2.494
ng off to the nearest 1/2 ft 3.000
Final Diameter 0.914

PROVISIONAL PLATE DESIGN

ADJUSTED VALUES
UNIT SYMBOL top bottom
/4 m2 Ac 0.657 0.657
2
m Ad 0.131 0.1313
2
m An 0.525 0.525
2
m Aa 0.394 0.394
2
m Ah 0.039 0.039

WEIR LENGTH top bottom

(Ad/Ac) X100 - 20.000 20.000
using figure 11.31 (coulson &Richardson)
ℓw/Dc - 0.860 0.860 (Range: 0.6 - 0.85)
ℓw m 0.7864 0.7864

14.Number of Holes
formula unit symbol top bottom
/4 m2 0.000013 0.000007
Ah/area of each hole 3136 5574
 DESIGN CALCULATIONS: OPT
PROVISIONAL PLATE DESIGN
WEEPING Symbol Top Bottom unit
Maximum liquid flow rate L'(max) 0.678 3.499 kg/s
Minimum liquid flow rate L'(min) 0.644 3.219 kg/s
Maximum weir crest how,max 9.575 26.571 mm liq
Minimum weir crest how,min 9.25 25.13 mm liq
Minimum wet pressure drop (hw + how,min) 49.253 65.13 mm
Factor (using fig. 11.30, Coulson& Richardson) K2 30.4 30.6 -
Min vapour velocity through holes Ûh 2.365432 2.22 m/s
Actual min vapour velocity through holes Ûh,(actual) 4.321281 4.984859 m/s
Actual vapour velocity > Design vapour velocity
WEEPING? NO

PLATE PRESSURE DROP Symbol Top Bottom unit

Actual velocity through holes Uh 4.549 5.418 m/s
An / Aa - 10 10.0 %
tD / dh - 1.25 1.25 -
factor (using fig. 11.34, Coulson& Richardson) Co 0.84 0.9 -
Dry plate pressure drop hd 25.43986 33.74 mm
Maximum Wet pressure drop (hw + how,max) 49.575 66.57 mm
Residule head hr 20.90735 18.73 mm
Total plate pressure drop 95.922 119.047 mm
Range : 76 - 127 mm liq
Acceptable? Yes

DOWNCOMER LIQUID BACKUP Symbol Top Bottom unit

(Range: hw -(5-10mm)) 8.5 9

Downcomer clearance hap 31.5 31 mm

Active area Aap 0.025 0.024 m1
Minimum area Aap/ Ad 0.189 0.186 m1
Pressure loss in downcomer clearance hdc 0.35 7.68 mm
 Downcomer back up hb 146 193 mm
(1/2 (tray spacing + weir height)) - 207.5 285 mm
hb < (1/2 (tray spacing + weir height))
Acceptable? Yes

% FLOODING Symbol Top Bottom unit

Actual flooding velocity - 0.34 0.41 m/s
Percentage flooding - 75.4 84.7 %
Actual < Assumed
Acceptable? YES
ATIONS: OPTIMIZATION 3
L PLATE DESIGN CHECKS
ENTRAINMENT Symbol unit top bottom
Percentage flooding - % 75.4 84.7
Liquid entrainment
Fractional vapour flow factor
(from fig FVL - 0.049 0.182
11.29, coulson & Richardson) Ψ - 0.041 0.08
Range : Ψ < 0.1
Ψ < 0.1

Entrainment? NO

RESIDENCE TIME Symbol Top Bottom unit

Residence time tr 16.89 4.841 s

Range: tr > 3s

Acceptable? NO

13. Perforated Area SYMBOL FORMULAR UNITS Values

Ratio of lw/Dc lw/Dc - 0.86
Angle Ө Ө - Degrees 110
Unperforated stripby
Angle subtended round
the - - mm 50
plate edge 0
edge of the plate 180-Ѳ C 70
Mean length, unperforated (Dc-unperforated length)PIx
edge strips - (angle/180) m 1.056077
Area of unperforated edge
strips (strip plate edge x mean length) m2 0.052804
Mean length of calming weir length+width of unperforated
zone, approximation strip 0.836394

Area of calming zones 2(mean length x strip plate edge) m2 0.083639

(Ah/10%)-area of unperf. edge
Total area of perforations Ap strips-area of calm zones m2 0.25758
Ratio of Ah/Ap - Ah/Ap - 0.152971
ratio of lp/dh lp/dh vol.6
Coulson & Rich - 2.1
hole pitch Lp Lp=2.1dh mm 6.3
Number of Holes N 5574.482