MATHS ART INTEGRATED PROJECT

- Venn Diagram And Representation Of Sets.

CLASS : XI A

GROUP 2

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 CONTENT:
1. VENN DIAGRAM [SNERAH SIBIN]
2. UNION OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM [SHIVANI R]
3. SOME PROPERTIES OF UNION [SHADI SHAFAQAT]
4. INTERSECTION OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM [MEENAKSHI MANJITH]
5. SOME PROPERTIES OF INTERSECTION [HRIDYA VISHNU]
6. DIFFERENCE OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM [ADHITHYA P S]
7. TYPES OF VENN DIAGRAM [ADHITHYA P S]
8. COMPLEMENT OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAMS [ABHINAM V A]
9. PROPERTIES OF COMPLEMENT [ABHAY ACHUTHAN] 2
 VENN DIAGRAMS
A Venn diagram is a diagram that shows all
possible logical relations between a finite
collection of different sets. These diagrams
depict elements as points in the plane, and sets
as regions inside closed curves. A Venn
diagram consists of multiple overlapping closed
curves, usually circles, each representing a set.

Venn diagrams were invented by John Venn

as a way of picturing relationships between
different groups of things.

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Let A be the set of all prime numbers
A B
between 1 and 9 and B be the set of all 4
even numbers between 1 and 9. 5
3 2
A : {2,3,5,7} B : {2,4,6,8} 8

The corresponding Venn diagram will be:- 7 6

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 UNION OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM
The union of two sets A and B is defined as the set of all the
elements which lie in set A and set B or both the elements in A and B
altogether. The union of the set is denoted by the symbol '∪'.
On a Venn diagram, the union is every element within both circles.
You can also have the union for more than two sets. For sets A and B,
the union is written as A ∪ B { which is read as ‘A union B’} .

A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
 UNION OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM
Representation of union of sets on venn diagram

U
A B

A∪B
 SOME PROPERTIES OF UNION
1.Commutative Law :- AUB=BUA

2.Associative Law :- (A U B) U C = A U (B U C)

3.Law Of Identity Element :- A U Φ = A

4.Idempotent Law :- A U A = A

5.Law Of U :- U U A = U
INTERSECTION OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM
The intersection is where the two circles
overlap.

The intersection of sets whatever data

is in the violet area of the diagram.

The intersection contains the elements

that the two sets have in common.
❖ The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all those elements
which belong to both A and B. Symbolically we write A ∩ B = {x : x ∈
A and x ∈ B}.

❖ If A and B are two sets such

that A ∩ B = ϕ , then A and B are
called disjoint sets.
 SOME PROPERTIES OF INTERSECTION
➔ COMMUTATIVE LAW ➔ ASSOCIATIVE LAW
A∩B=B∩A (A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)

Eg: A ={1,2,3,4}; B={3,4,5,6} Eg:A ={1,2,3,4}; B={3,4,5,6}; C={6,7,8}

Eg: A ∩ B= {3,4} [From (1)]

A ∩ B ={1,2,3,4} ∩ {3,4,5,6}
(A ∩ B) ∩ C = { 3,4 } ∩ {6,7,8} = { } = φ
A ∩ B= {3,4} (1)
B ∩ C = {3,4,5,6} ∩ {6,7,8} = {6}
B ∩ A={3,4}
A ∩ (B ∩ C) = {1,2,3,4} ∩ {6} = { } = φ

Therefore, A ∩ B = B ∩ A Therefore, (A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
 SOME PROPERTIES OF INTERSECTION
➔ LAW OF φ AND U ➔ IDEMPOTENT LAW
φ∩A=φ;U∩A=A A∩A=A
● Eg: φ ∩ A = { } ∩ {1,2,3,4} = { } ● Eg: A ={1,2,3,4}
Therefore, φ ∩ A = φ A ∩ A = {1,2,3,4} ∩ {1,2,3,4}
● Eg: U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}; A ={1,2,3,4}
= {1,2,3,4}
U ∩ A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} ∩ {1,2,3,4}
Therefore,
= {1,2,3,4} = A
A∩A= A
Therefore, U ∩ A = A
SOME PROPERTIES OF INTERSECTION
DISTRIBUTIVE LAW FOR SETS

A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

(B ∪ C) = {3,4,5,6} ∪ {6,7,8} = {3,4,5,6,7,8}

A ∩ (B ∪ C) = {1,2,3,4} ∩ {3,4,5,6,7,8} = {3,4} (2)

(A ∩ B) = {1,2,3,4} ∩ {3,4,5,6} = {3,4} and (A ∩ C) = {1,2,3,4} ∩ {6,7,8} = { } = φ

Therefore, (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = {3,4} ∪ φ = {3,4} (3)

From (2) and (3), A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

Similarly, A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
PROOF OF DISTRIBUTIVE LAW BY VENN DIAGRAM
DIFFERENCE OF SETS IN VENN DIAGRAM
● The difference of the sets A and B in this order is the set of elements
which belong to A but not to B. Symbolically, we write A - B and read as
“A minus B”.

● The difference of sets B and A (B-A)can be represented by the venn

diagram.

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Example:
Let A={1,2,3,4,5,6}, B={2,4,6,8} .Find A-B and B-A.

We have, A-B = {1,3,5}, since the element 8 belong to A but

not to B and B-A ={8}, since the element 8 belongs
to B and not to A .

Note: A - B ≠ B - A

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TYPES OF VENN DIAGRAMS
❏ Two set diagrams: This type of venn diagram uses two circles
or ovals to show overlapping properties.
❏ Three set diagrams: you can call this as three circle diagrams
as well.
❏ Four set diagrams: A four set venn diagram is one that is
packed with four overlapping sets.
Q) Draw a venn diagram to show the relationship between two overlapping
sets A and B. Now shade the region in the venn diagram.

A) Let A= 2,3,4,5,6,7 and B=4,6,7,8,9

Then A union B = {4,6,7}

A union B represents the number that are presented in both sets.

That is represented as the shaded region in the venn diagram.
 COMPLEMENT OF A SET
➔ If U is a universal set and A be any subset of U then the complement of
A is the set of all members of the universal set U which are not the
element of A.
➔ Symbolically, we write A’ to denote the complement of A with respect to
U.
➔ A’= {x : x ∈ U and x ∉ A}.
➔ A’= U - A
➔ Alternatively it can be said that the difference of universal set U and the
subset A gives the complement of set A.
➔ The complement A’ of a set can be represented by a venn diagram as
shown:
U A’

NOTE: The complement of universal set (U’) is the empty set.

Example : Let U={1,2,3,4,5,6} and A= {2,3,4}.

Then, A’= {1,5,6}
U A’
and U’= { }. 6
A 2
5 3 1
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 PROPERTIES OF COMPLEMENT
● Compliment law: The union of a set A and its compliment A’ gives the
universal set U. A U A’ = U
Also, the intersection of a set A and its compliment A’ gives
a null set ∅. A ∩ A’ = ∅

U
U =
● Laws of empty set and universal set: It states that the complement of
Universal set is ∅ and complement of ∅ gives universal set.
U’= ∅ and ∅’= U

● Law of double complementation: It states that if we take the

complement of a complemented set A’ then we get set A itself.
(A’)’ = A

A’
(A’)’
● De Morgan’s law: It states that the complement of the union of two
sets is equal to the intersection of their complement ,also the
complement of the intersection of two sets is the union of their
complement.
(A U B)’= A’ U B’ and (A ∩ B)’ = A’ U B’

AUB A’ B’

(A U B)’ A’ U B’

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THANK YOU

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