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ECE132: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab

This document describes an experiment on verifying Thevenin's and Norton's theorems in DC circuits. It introduces Thevenin's theorem, which states any circuit can be reduced to a single voltage source in series with a resistance, and provides steps to find the equivalent resistance and voltage of a sample circuit. Norton's theorem is also introduced, which states any circuit can be reduced to a current source in parallel with a resistance. Steps are provided to find the equivalent resistance and short circuit current of another sample circuit using Norton's theorem. The document concludes by stating the circuits will be verified using a virtual lab.

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Sumit Kumar
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43 views15 pages

ECE132: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lab

This document describes an experiment on verifying Thevenin's and Norton's theorems in DC circuits. It introduces Thevenin's theorem, which states any circuit can be reduced to a single voltage source in series with a resistance, and provides steps to find the equivalent resistance and voltage of a sample circuit. Norton's theorem is also introduced, which states any circuit can be reduced to a current source in parallel with a resistance. Steps are provided to find the equivalent resistance and short circuit current of another sample circuit using Norton's theorem. The document concludes by stating the circuits will be verified using a virtual lab.

Uploaded by

Sumit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE132: Basic Electrical and

Electronics Engineering Lab


Experiment 3: verification of Thevenin's and Norton's theorems in DC
circuits.
Introduction
Thevenin’s Theorem
It states that “Any linear circuit containing several voltages and resistances
can be replaced by just one single voltage in series with a single resistance
connected across the load”. In other words, it is possible to simplify any
electrical circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent two-terminal
circuit with just a single constant voltage source in series with a resistance (or
impedance) connected to a load as shown below.
Introduction
Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit
An Example
Find the current across the load resistor by
applying the Thevenin’s theorem.
An Example
Find Equivalent Resistance, Rs

Step 1: Firstly, we have to remove the RL


load resistor connected across the terminals A-
B
Step 2: Remove any internal resistance
associated with the voltage source(s). This is
done by shorting out all the voltage sources
connected to the circuit with their internal
resistance r.
An Example
Find Equivalent Resistance,
Rth
Step 3: The value of the equivalent
resistance, Rth is found by calculating
the total resistance looking back from
the terminals A and B with all the
voltage sources shorted.
An Example
Find Equivalent Voltage, Vs

Step 4: We now need to reconnect the two


voltages back into the circuit, and find the
Vth = Voc by applying the KVL law
An Example
Step 5:. Consequently, as viewed from
terminals A and B, the whole network
(excluding RL) can be reduced to single
source (called thevenin's source) whose
e.m.f equal to VO.C. and whose internal
reistance equal to Rth as shown in figure.
RL is now connected back across terminals
A and B from where it was temporaily
removed earlier. Current flowing through
RL is given by,
Let Verify using Virtual Lab
Introduction
Norton’s Theorem
It states that “Any linear circuit containing several energy sources
and resistances can be replaced by a single Constant Current
generator in parallel with a Single Resistor”.
An Example
Find the current across the 40Ω load resistor by
applying the Norton’s theorem.

Find Equivalent Resistance, Rth

Step 1-3
An Example
Find Short circuit Current, Is

Step 4: To find the Norton’s equivalent of the


above circuit we firstly have to remove the centre
oad resistor and short out the terminals A and B to
give us the following circuit and find the short
circuit current by applying the KCL.
An Example
Step 5: As per Norton's theorem , the
equivalent circuit as shown in figure,
would contain a current source in parallel
to the internal resistance, the current source
being the short circuited current across the
shorted terminals of the load resistor.
Let Verify using Virtual Lab
Thanks You

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