Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Advanced Structural Analysis,
Design & Engineering Solutions
Engineering Support Services
Offshore Oil and Gas market: West Africa
Annapolis | Houston | Singapore | Palm Beach | Tanzania
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Presentation Overview
This presentation provides an overview of the extensive and diverse projects done by Viking Systems in the West
Africa Offshore Oil and Gas market. Viking uses a reliable and consistent quality approach to structural
assessment of both conversion projects and new vessel designs, in addition to on-going lifecycle management of
the structural asset due to corrosion related degradation in strength, as well as changes in structure design
resulting from changes in design requirements and equipment upgrades:
Clients and Projects served over nearly two decades:
Oil & Gas (Primarily FPSO and FSO vessels)
Military and Defense (Navy, Coast Guard and Patrol Vessels)
Commercial (offshore supply, cargo, passenger vessels)
West Africa Environmental Overview
Hull Strength Assessment for Offshore Vessels
Hull Fatigue Assessment for Offshore Vessels
Special Studies
Related Professional Reports, Presentations and Industry Editorials
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Some of Viking’s Clients
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Petrobras, Shell, Cobalt
Modec, Sofec, Mitsui
Mustang Engineering, Harvest,
Sembcorp Marine, Maersk Group
Tanker Pacific Offshore Terminal (TPOT / OMNI)
Design Firms: Oceaneering, Gibbs & Cox, CSC, SAIC, NETSCO, OGI, VARD,
Bristol Harbor Group, LMG Marin
US Shipyards: Commercial, US Navy, US Coastguard Vessels
General Dynamics NASSCO, Bollinger Shipyards,
Gunderson, Bay Shipbuilding, AKER Philadelphia, Corn Island,
Alabama Shipyard (BAE), VT Halter Systems
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Oil & Gas (FPSO/FSO, etc) Petrobras Cidade de Caraguatatuba MV27
Petrobras FPSO Cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes MV29
Shell FPSO Fluminense
BP PSVM Angola FPSO
TOTAL Kaombo
Cendor MOPU Conversion (Malaysia)
TOTAL PazFlor (DSME)
Chevron Frade FPSO (FEED / 3rd Party Verification / New
Tullow Ghana FPSO Kwame Hkrumah MV21 (Jubilee Field)
Module Install)
Tullow T.E.N. FPSO Ghana
Chevron Frade FPSO Redevelopment
50+ FEED and Proposal Projects
CNR International FPSO Baobab Ivoirien MV10
Cobalt Cameia FPSO (Angola)
ConocoPhillips Belanak LPG FSO
COTCO FSO Kome Kribi 1 (Esso Chad)
ExxonMobil Yoho FSO
HESS North Malay FSO
Kuito FPSO (ABS)
Petrobras UOTE (External Turret)
Petrobras FPSO Vidade do Rio de Janeiro MV14
Petrobras FSO Cidade de Macae MV15
Petrobras FPSO Cidade de Niteroi MV18
Petrobras FPSO Cidade de Santos MV20
Petrobras FPSO Cidade de Angra dos Reis MV22
Petrobras FPSO Cidade de Sao Paulo MV23
Petrobras FPSO Cidade de Mangaratiba MV24
Petrobras FPSO Cidade deItaguai MV26
*Denotes West Africa project
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Military and Defense
LCS (Austal Trimaran class of DDG-53 (USS John Paul Jones)
Ships) DDG-65 (USS Benfold)
JHSV (Class of Ships) DDG-102 (USS Sampson)
LCS (Lockheed Monohull) CG-66 (USS Hue City)
FRC (Class of Ships) CD-56 (USS San Jacinto)
OPC (Class of Ships) CG-57 (USS Lake Champlain)
MLP (Class of Ships) CG-53 (USS Mobile Bay)
LSD-42 (USS Germantown) CG-54 (USS Antietam)
LSD-43 (USS Ft McHenry) CG-47 Life Extension
DDG-67 (USS Cole) CG-17 (USS Lake Erie)
DDG-60 (USS Paul Hamilton) CG-71 (USS Cape St. George)
LHD-6 (USS Bonhomme Richard) Indian Navy Patrol Vessel
FFG-36 (USS Underwood) Egyptian Navy Patrol Vessel
LPD-18 (USS New Orleans) US Navy Submarine Rescue Vessel
LSD-47 (USS Rushmore) Corrosion Modeling of 30+ CG,
DDG-51 (USS Arleigh Burke) DDG, LHD, LSD vessels
DDG-52 (USS Barry)
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Commercial Gunderson Marine Projects
VARD Projects
Project America Cruise Vessel (STX) Offshore Supply Vessels
SeaAmerica Cruise and Conference Vessel (STX) Work Boats
Penn Maritime Barge (Alabama Shipyard) Other projects
Penn Maritime Asphalt Barge (Alabama Shipyard)
Matson CV2600 Containerships (Aker Philadelphia)
SeaRiver Tanker (Herbert Engineering)
NASSCO T-AKE Tankers (Herbert Engineering)
OSG Maritrans Barges
Corn Island Shipyard Asphalt Barge
Ocean Residences Under Sea Resort Vessel
Platform Supply Vessel
Sergeant Marine Asphalt Commander Double Hull
Conversion
VT Halter Marine Barge Projects
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
West Africa Environmental Overview
Benign water conditions means the vessel has extra strength on-site
Environmental conditions on-site create an opportunity to reduce required steel
renewal at conversion more than vessels purposed for other regions (North Sea, GOM)
Viking is very experienced with ABS, DNV-GL and BV in this region
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
SAGA Flow Chart:
Hull Strength Assessment for Offshore Vessel
(Class Independent)
Other Loading Software Supported:
DNV-GL Wasim time domain hydrodynamic
software, simulating large amplitude loads
SAGA Class Rule wave, acceleration and
hull girder loading
SAGA Hydro for Sinusoidal and Trochoidal
waves with Froude-Krylov effects included
SAGA Dynamic Load Parameter Tool
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Yielding & Buckling Criteria Checks – Ship Rules & Offshore Rules
SAGA Calculates ABS, DNV, LR, and BV Code Checks
Side Shell Plating Buckling Assessment
Bulkhead Need for Reinforcement
Bottom Stiffener Buckling Assessment to ABS SVR Part 5
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Calculation of Optimum Scantlings for Web Stiffeners
Analysis to determine the ABS Rule
minimum scantling requirements for
the vertical girders and transverse web
frame of all cargo tanks
The scantlings in way of all main
supporting members are checked
against inertia and buckling
requirements to determine the
scantling adjustment and new the
minimum FPSO renewal thickness
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Tower Mount Structure
A finite model of the
pancake truss structure is
developed for the study of a
DA Tower mount
Overview and Detail View of DA Tower Mount Model
Model includes all primary
steels of the mount
structure as well as the DA
Tower support ring, and the
section of the DA Tower
skirt where it attaches to
the support ring
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Helicopter Platform Evaluation & Analysis
Global Model Deck Structure
Deformed Stress Plot – Critical Scenario
Overall Global Model Loading
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
SAGA Flow Chart:
Hull Fatigue Assessment for Offshore Ship
(Class Independent)
Other Fatigue Software Supported:
SAGA Simplistic Fatigue using stress,
probability, and Weibull Distribution
SAGA Spectral Fatigue using RMS stress and
Rayleigh Distribution
SAGA Spectral fatigue using custom spectrum
analyzer and wave spreading
SAGA Fracture using crack growth calculations
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Hull FEA Fatigue Reports
Routes Traveled by Tanker Before Conversion
When looking at fatigue for a vessel we consider what the tanker phase has been, route to
operating site, and condition while on site.
Global and local FEA models evaluated with spectral fatigue analysis to calculate remaining
fatigue life of structural details
Life extension analyses are conducted for the client’s operating goals at multiple
designated lengths of time into the future
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
TSS Pipe Rack and HPU Room Stools
Spectral Fatigue Assessment performed on the turret support structure piperack stools, HPU
room stools and the entrance house at centerline of converted FPSO
Sub model loaded and
solved to develop hull
girder deflections
Sub model results screened
for fatigue damage using a
DNV-D curve and SCF = 2.0
If submodel results show less
than required fatigue life, local
FEA model with t x t mesh is
created for critical details SN-Curve Details for Stool
Outboard Local Model of Stool
Local model loaded with
enforced displacements from
submodel, as well as
acceleration loads
Local model element centroidal
stress results for fatigue using
DNV detail specific curves and
SCF = 1.0
If local model results show less
than required DFF, local stress
results evaluated with hot spot,
DNV-D curve, and SCF = 1.0 15
Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Hawser Reels: Fatigue Assessment
Modification for tanker included spectral fatigue analysis for Hawser Reel allowing for base
ship motions, ship loads and usage loads associated with the Hawser
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Offloading Station: Fatigue Assessment
Underdeck Reinforcement
Offloading Station Structure Below Main Deck Mooring Winch Structure Below Main Deck
Typical ship loads combined with local equipment loads when analyzing two bollards and one
mooring winch
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Crane Foundations: Fatigue Assessment
Spectral Fatigue Assessment performed on the crane pedestal foundation structure and
connections to the hull structure of converted FPSO tanker
Model View of Crane in Submodel
Deck IWO Crane Pedestal
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Bilge Keel: Spectral Fatigue Assessment
Motion loads and dynamic loads from drag pressure
Case specific: Tanker
bilge keel was being
removed and a longer,
wider bilge keel was to
be fitted during
conversion to FPSO
Motion loads and
dynamic loads from
drag pressure
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Gangway: Strength Fatigue Assessment
Finite Element Analysis of support hooks and connections to the hull structure
Main Deck Gangway Support Structure
Submodel Yielding Evaluation – Bracket at Side
Shell
Local finite element model of the main deck gangway has been evaluated for fatigue
performance using the ship loads and reaction loads
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Fatigue Proposed Modifications
Modifications developed to extend the predicted fatigue life
Models developed to predict fatigue life are also used to develop and
verify design modifications
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Special studies
Corrosion Optimization
Forensic Analysis
Blast Wall Design and Analysis
Hull Deflections for Topside Design and Assessment
Thermal Stress Assessment
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Corrosion Assessment – Feature Overview
SAGA is used by Viking team members to apply corrosion instructions that have been entered into a
database system developed by Viking to manage corrosion gaugings:
Location of gauging including tank and coordinates
Gauged thickness
As built thickness
Calculation of corrosion rates for structure groups
Implementation of future anticipated corrosion
Class required steel renewal calculation
Steel renewal at conversion given vessel design life
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Corrosion Assessment – Feature Overview
SAGA applies the corrosion values by subtracting the FEA model scantlings:
Plate thickness
Beam and Bar Element Stiffener web thickness
Beam and Bar Element Stiffener flange thickness
The model’s gauging database is compared and a corroded model is made:
As built model and database thicknesses are compared and validity checked
Plate thickness and stiffener properties are updated
Interpolation options for elements away from gaugings
Percentage rule minimum corrosion can be applied
Diminution corrosion can be subtracted
Resulting FEA Model with as gauged thickness
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Forensic Analysis: Fracture & Fatigue Cracks
SAGA fracture mechanics is used on projects where a standard SN Curve approach is not considered sufficient, such as
to estimate time for a crack to grow to a certain size or to become critical. Based upon Paris’ Law, our approach allows
for the evaluation of crack growth of external and internal crack types typically found in ship structures.
The loading driving the fatigue stress ranges are defined by a Weibull distribution of a stress range calculated by
loading and solving an FEA model. The model program allows us to investigate the effect of:
Initial crack length SAGA calculates a fracture damage
Material strength ratio where amount of cycles in a
Residual stress in the structure design event is presented as a ratio
Compressive stress retardation accounted for of amount of cycles to failure.
Crack retardation models such as Wheeler
Shape geometry effects in case of a damaged area
SAGA calculates growth of cracks of
varying initial size
Damaged areas experiencing cracks can
be assessed for safety in operation
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Accommodation House Blast Study: Design and Analysis
Determining the extent of
possible damage to the
accommodation house front by
the ignition of a gas cloud on
the upper deck of the FPSO
Analysis also used to design
appropriate blast walls to shield
life saving equipment
Global deformed stress view
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Hull Deflections for Topside Design and Assessment
Initial deflections developed with constant radius bending theory
Deflections in way of topside stool supports validated and confirmed with the finite element analysis
Iterative analysis approach developed by Viking to study the effect of sliding connections between
topside modules and topside support stools
Resulting Deflection in way of Topside Module
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Thermal Strength Assessment for FPSO: Analysis Report
Environment specific for West Africa
Purpose of thermal analysis is to provide a detailed description of the calculation of bending stresses
associated with thermal loading and any effect on the current Stillwater bending moment allowables
on the FPSO.
Increase in hogging and sagging stresses when considering the stress due to the thermal
expansion coefficient of steel in way of cargo block frames where the cargo tank, off-spec
tanks and slop tanks receive cargo at elevated temperatures as compared to the ambient
temperature
Calculation of allowable bending moment with the influence of thermal stresses
FPSO Tank Layout
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Related Professional Reports, Presentations and Industry Editorial
Structural Stress Analysis: Tested vs Predicted
Maritime Reporter & Engineering News
Structural Life Extension Study: FEA Based
Corrosion Processing and Structural Optimization
to Minimize Steel Renewal (Global FPSO Forum)
Structural Design and Analysis of FPSO Topside
Module Supports (Society of Naval Architects and
Marine Engineers (SNAME)
Structural Analysis and Modifications – 2 Tankers
for Offshore FPSO and FSO Service (PRADS –
Marine Science and Technology)
Seakeeping Assessment of Large Trimaran for
Naval Aircraft Operations (American Society of
Naval Engineers – ASNE)
Motions and Structural Load Predictions Using
Wasim (DNV Software Magazine)
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Structural Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering
Contact Information
Lars Henriksen | President
[email protected] Bo Williams | Director of Engineering
[email protected] Fritz Waldorf | Director of Sales and Marketing
[email protected] 30
