SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 4

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1

4.2 Materials for Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1

4.3 Storage of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2

4.4 Class and Composition of Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.4.1 Class of Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.4.2 Class SF Concrete and Class SF Concrete with Steel Fibres . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.4.3 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.4.4 Composition of Concrete for Underwater Deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.4.5 Aggregate Tests and Concrete Mix Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.4.6 Initial Mixes, and Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.5 Measurement of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 5

4.6 Mixing Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.6.2 Truck Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.6.3 Time of Hauling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.7 Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 7

4.8 Pour Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 7

4.9 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 8

4.9.1 Strength Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 8
4.9.2 Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 8
4.9.3 Test Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 9
4.9.4 Slump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 9
4.9.5 Air Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 9
4.9.6 Testing Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 10
4.9.7 Failure to Meet Slump Or Air Content Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 10

4.10 Falsework and Formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 10

4.10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 10
4.10.2 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 10
4.10.3 Forms for Exposed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 11
4.10.4 Forms for Unexposed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 12
 4.10.5 Standard Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 12
4.10.6 Deck Formwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 12

4.11 Protection of "Weathering" Steel Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 12

4.12 Protection of Substructure Units From Rust Staining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 13

4.13 Removal of Falsework, Forms and Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 13

4.14 Handling and Placing Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 14

4.14.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 14
4.14.2 Consolidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 15
4.14.3 Additional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 16
4.14.4 Pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 16

4.15 Placing Pile Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 17

4.16 Placing Deck, Curb and Deck Overlay Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 17

4.16.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 17
4.16.2 Screed Guide Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 18
4.16.3 Dry-Run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 18
4.16.4 Screeding Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 18
4.16.5 Bull Floating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 19
4.16.6 Surface Defects and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 19

4.17 Placing Approach Slab and Roof Slab Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 20

4.18 Concreting Shear Keys and Diaphragms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 20

4.19 Construction Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 20

4.19.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 20
4.19.2 Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 20

4.20 Concreting in Cold Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 21

4.21 Depositing Concrete Under Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 22

4.22 Curing Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 23

4.22.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 23
4.22.2 Curing Requirements for Concrete Slope Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 23
4.22.3 Curing Requirements for Class SF Concrete and Class SF Concrete with Steel
Fibres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 23

4.23 Concrete Finishing Under Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 24

4.24 Concrete Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 24

4.24.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 24
4.24.2 Class 1. Ordinary Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 25
4.24.3 Class 2. Rubbed Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 25
4.24.4 Class 3. Bonded Concrete Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 26
 4.24.5 Class 4. Floated Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 26
4.24.6 Class 5. Floated Surface Finish, Broomed Texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 26
4.24.7 Class 6. Floated Finish, Surface Textured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 27

4.25 Sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 27

4.26 Concrete Strength Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 27

4.26.1 Payment Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 28
4.26.2 Open to Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 29
4.26.3 Coring for Compressive Strength Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 29

4.27 Measurement and Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 29

REFERENCE DRAWINGS
Drawing No.

Standard Concrete Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S-1411-87

Standard Construction Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S-1412-99
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.1 General

This Section prescribes the quality requirements, the sampling and testing of the materials and
concrete, the methods of producing and handling the constituent materials, and the batching,
mixing, handling, transporting, placing and curing as outlined, and which constitute good and
acceptable construction practice in structural and similar work. The Contractor shall supply all
necessary materials.

Where Standards and Standard Specifications are referred to, the version current at time of
tendering shall govern. Metric versions are inferred, when available and relevant.

4.2 Materials for Concrete

Concrete shall consist of Portland cement, aggregates, water and admixtures or additives which
shall conform to the requirements as specified.

Cement - Normal Portland cement, Type 10, or Sulphate Resistant, Type 50, shall be supplied
unless otherwise specified. Cement shall conform to the requirements of CSA Standard A5,
Portland Cements.

Water - Water to be used for mixing concrete or mortar shall conform to the requirements of CSA
Standard A23.1 and shall be free from injurious amounts of alkali, organic materials or deleterious
substances. The Contractor shall not use water from shallow, stagnant or marshy sources.

Aggregates - Fine and coarse aggregates shall conform to the requirements of CSA Standard A23.1
and shall be stockpiled separately.

Admixtures - All approved admixtures, such as water reducing agents, air entraining agents and
superplasticizers shall be compatible with all other constituents. The addition of Calcium Chloride,
Accelerators, Retarders and Air-reducing Agents, will not be permitted, except when approved by
the Department/Consultant, retarders or set controlling admixtures may be used for concrete
specified with corrosion inhibitor.

Silica Fume - Condensed silica fume shall conform to CAN/CSA-A23.5, Type U, with a SiO2 content
of at least 85%, of a maximum of 6% ignition loss, and no more than 1% SiO3 content.

Air Entraining Agent - Air Entraining Agent shall be added to all concrete and shall conform to the
requirements of CSA Standard A266-1.

Steel Fibres - When specified, steel fibres shall be Xorex I, or an approved equivalent. The fibres
shall be 50 mm in length and the aluminum content shall be no more than 0.020% by weight when
tested by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry
(ICP)

B351-01 4-1
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

Fly Ash - Concrete containing fly ash as supplementary cementing material may be used in pipe
piles and spread footings for all bridges, and in solid pier shafts for river bridges. The fly ash shall
not exceed 35% by weight of cement, and it shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C311,
ASTM C618 and CAN/CSA-A23.5. Only approved compatible superplasticizing admixtures and air
entraining agents shall be used with the fly ash. The Consultant may require characteristic data for
fly ash to prove conformance to the standards.

4.3 Storage of Materials

Cement, silica fume and steel fibres shall be stored in a suitable weather-tight building which shall
protect these materials from dampness. Cement and silica fume shall be free from lumps at all
times during their use in the work. Cement and silica fume which have been stored for a length of
time resulting in the hardening or the formation of lumps shall not be used in the work. The steel
fibres shall be free from balls and clumps at all times during their use in the work.

All aggregates shall be handled so as to prevent segregation and to obtain uniformity of materials.
The separated aggregates, and aggregates secured from different sources, shall be piled in
separate stockpiles. The site of the stockpiles shall be cleaned of all foreign materials and shall be
reasonably level and firm. If the aggregates are placed directly on the ground, material shall not be
removed from the stockpile within 150 mm of the ground level. This material shall remain
undisturbed to avoid contaminating the aggregate being used with the ground material.

4.4 Class and Composition of Concrete

4.4.1 Class of Concrete

Minimum Size of Max.

Compressive Coarse Range of Entrained Air Water/
Class of Strength at Aggregate Slump Cont. Cementing
Concrete 28 Days MPa mm mm % material
Ratio
B 25 28 to 5 50 to 70 5-8 0.45
*C 30 20 to 5 60 to 80 5-8 0.42
**SF 35 20 to 5 80 to 110 5-8 0.38
D 30 14 to 5 50 to 70 5-8 0.42
S 20 28 to 5 50 to 70 5-8 0.50
Pile 25 28 to 5 50 to 70 5-8 0.45

B351-01 4-2
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

Note

* - The size of coarse aggregate shall be 28 to 5mm for Class C concrete when used in
mass pours such as piers and abutments.
** - Class SF Concrete shall be used for all decks, curbs, medians, roof slabs, approach
slabs and Deck Overlay Concrete.
- The requirements for Class SF Concrete with Steel Fibres are the same as for Class SF
Concrete. Additional requirements are listed in Section 4.4.2.
- When the thickness of deck overlay concrete is specified as 50 mm or less, the nominal
maximum top size of aggregate shall be 12 mm.

4.4.2 Class SF Concrete and Class SF Concrete with Steel Fibres

(a) mix shall include 7.5% condensed silica fume by weight of Portland Cement
(b) minimum cement content (excluding silica fume) of the mix shall be 350 kg/m3
(c) superplasticizer, meeting the requirements of CSA Specification CAN3-A266.6-1985 and
compatible with the air entrainment agent, shall be used
(d) slump retention of test mix after 45 minutes shall be at least 50% of initial slump
(e) When Class SF Concrete with steel fibres is specified, it shall contain 60 kg of 50 mm
Xorex 1, or an approved equivalent steel fibre per cubic metre.

The Contractor's attention is drawn to Section 14.3.3 of CAN/CSA A23.1 requiring an air voids
spacing factor not exceeding 230 Fm with no single test greater than 260 Fm. A test shall be
performed for each 200 m3 of concrete placed.

4.4.3 Temperature

The temperature of all classes of concrete except Class SF Concrete shall be between 10EC and
22EC at discharge. Temperature requirements for Class SF Concrete at discharge shall be
between 10EC and 18EC unless otherwise approved by the Consultant.

4.4.4 Composition of Concrete for Underwater Deposition

See Section 4.21 "Depositing Concrete Under Water" for modifications to specifications for the
designated class of concrete, if the concrete is to be deposited in water.

B351-01 4-3
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.4.5 Aggregate Tests and Concrete Mix Design

The Contractor shall submit for the Consultant's review two weeks before scheduled placing of
concrete, the mix design he proposes for each class of concrete. Aggregate tests and concrete
mix design shall not be required for concrete used for the construction of culvert collars or cut-off
walls when culverts are 3 metre diameter or smaller nor for small volumes of non-structural
concrete. Each mix design shall include the following aggregate analysis:

- "Fine and Coarse Aggregate Sieve"

- "Organic Impurities in Sands for Concrete"
- “Assessment of Potential for Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity”
- "Petrographic Examination of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete" shall be required for all
Class SF Concrete.

If the fine aggregate consists of a blend from more than one source, the "Fine Aggregate Sieve"
analysis shall show the gradation of the blended fine aggregates. Similarly in the case of blended
coarse aggregates, the "Coarse Aggregate Sieve" analysis shall indicate the gradation of the
blended coarse aggregates.

Fine aggregate, tested in accordance with CSA Test Method A23.2-7A, "Organic Impurities in Sands
for Concrete", shall produce a colour not darker than the Standard colour (Organic Plate Number
3). Aggregate producing a colour darker than the Standard colour will be rejected; provisions
5.3.3.2(a) & (b) of CSA Standard CAN3-A23.1-M shall not apply.

The potential for deleterious alkali-aggregate reactivity shall be assessed in accordance with
CSA A23.2-27A. This assessment shall include the risk level associated with structure size and
environment, the level of prevention related to service life requirements and the determination of the
appropriate preventative measures. In the absence of current (less than 18 months old) test data
evaluating the potential alkali-silica reactivity of aggregates, the aggregate shall be presumed to be
moderately reactive.

Petrographic analysis shall be performed by an experienced qualified petrographer of a CSA

certified laboratory in accordance with MTO (Ministry of Transportation Ontario) Lab Test Method
LS 609. The (weighted) petrographic number shall not exceed 130, and the ironstone content shall
not exceed 0.8%. The results shall be certified by a Professional Geologist or Geological Engineer,
and indicate that the aggregate is suitable for the intended use.

The analysis of the aggregates shall be current and fully represent the material to be used in
production. Sampling and testing shall have been done no more than 90 days prior to concrete
production. Additional analyses of more recent sampling shall be provided periodically if so
determined.

Concrete mixes that will be placed by concrete pump shall be designed for pumping.

B351-01 4-4
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

The sampling and testing of aggregates, and the concrete mix design shall be completed by an
independent CSA certified concrete testing laboratory which shall have a permit to practice in the
Province of Alberta. The testing laboratory shall provide an engineering opinion that concrete
aggregate and mix designs are suitable for the intended use and are expected to perform to
specified standards.

For Class SF Concrete (and other concrete if requested), the Contractor shall produce evidence
satisfactory to the Consultant that the proportions selected will produce concrete of the quality
specified. This shall include the preparation of satisfactory trial mixes and at least seven-day
compressive strength results therefrom, before the concrete is used. The trial mix shall be a
minimum of 3 m3 or 50% of the rated mixer capacity (whichever is greater) and simulate the
anticipated placing procedures at site. In preparing the trial mixes the workability and slump
retention characteristics shall be assessed at 30, 45 and 60 minute intervals.

4.4.6 Initial Mixes, and Adjustments

In cases of initial mixing operations or changes in source of water or aggregates, the mix adopted
shall be designed for an excess compressive strength of 10% above the specified 28 day nominal
compressive strength. After the mix has been adequately proven as to strength and performance,
adjustment may be undertaken, but only with the approval of the Consultant. If, during the progress
of the work, the mix design is found to be unsatisfactory for any reason including poor workability,
the Consultant may require the Contractor to make the necessary adjustments. Notwithstanding
the Consultant’s review of the design mix, it remains the Contractor's responsibility that the concrete
meets all the requirements of this Specification.

4.5 Measurement of Materials

Coarse and fine aggregate materials shall be separated and measured separately by weighing,
except as otherwise specified or where other methods are specifically authorized by the Consultant.
The apparatus provided for weighing the aggregates and cement shall be suitably designed and
constructed for this purpose. Each size of aggregate, and the cement, shall be weighed separately.
The accuracy of all weighing devices shall be such that successive quantities can be measured to
within one percent of the desired amount. The mixing water shall be measured by volume or by
weight. The water measuring device shall be capable of control accurate to plus or minus 1/2 %
of the design quantity. All measuring devices shall be subject to approval. Unless otherwise
approved, air entraining agent and other admixtures shall be added to the mix in a water-diluted
solution; the dilution of the solution shall be approved by the Consultant. For mix adjustments at the
site, the Contractor shall maintain facilities to control the amount of superplasticizer and air
entrainment so that the required tolerances can be met.

4.6 Mixing Concrete

Mobile continuous mixers or other such concrete supply equipment will not be approved for use.

B351-01 4-5
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.6.1 General

All concrete shall be mixed thoroughly until it is uniform in appearance, with all ingredients uniformly
distributed. In no case shall the mixing time per batch be less than one minute for mixers of one
cubic metre capacity or less. The “Batch” is considered as the quantity of concrete inside the
mixer. This figure shall be increased by 15 seconds for each additional half cubic metre capacity
or part thereof. The mixing period shall be measured from the time all materials are in the mixer
drum.

The Contractor shall in no case load the mixer above its rated capacity. The Contractor shall
maintain the mixer in good condition. Inner surfaces of the mixer shall be kept free of hardened
concrete and mortar. Mixer blades which are bent or worn down so as to affect the mixing efficiency
shall be renewed. Any mixer leaking mortar or causing waste of materials through faulty charging
shall be taken out of service until repaired. The Contractor shall, at all times, operate the mixer at
the speed recommended by the Manufacturer and shall, if requested, supply the Manufacturer's
certification of the mixing capacity of the machine in use.

The mixer shall be fitted with an accurate and dependable means for measuring the water added,
which is not affected by variation in pressure in the water supply line. All joints, valves and other
parts shall be maintained so that there is no leakage of water into the mixer drum. Failure of the
Contractor to have an accurately working and dependable water gauge on a mixer shall be cause
for the Consultant to prohibit the mixer to be used.

Water shall be released first and continue to flow while the solid materials are entering the mixer.
The water discharge pipe shall be so arranged and be of such size that the flow into the mixer is
completed within the first quarter of the mixing time, and the water is delivered well within the mixer
where it will be quickly mixed with the entire batch.

Air entraining agents and admixtures shall be placed in the mixer after the initial water is in the mixer
drum but before the remaining materials are added. Superplasticizer shall be added after initial
mixing and as per the manufacturer’s recommendation.

4.6.2 Truck Mixing

Truck mixers, unless otherwise authorized by the Consultant, shall be of the revolving drum type,
watertight, and so constructed that the concrete can be mixed to ensure uniform distribution of
materials throughout the mass. All materials for the concrete shall be accurately measured in
accordance with Section 4.5, and charged concurrently at the proportions which satisfy the
approved mix design into the drum at the proportioning plant. Increases in water-cement ratio will
not be permitted.

B351-01 4-6
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

The maximum size of batch in truck mixers shall not exceed the maximum rated capacity of the
mixer as stated by the manufacturer and stamped in metal on the mixer. Truck mixing shall
commence immediately and be continued for not less than 50 revolutions after all ingredients are
in the drum. The speed shall not be less than 4 rpm, nor more than a speed resulting in a peripheral
velocity of the drum of 70 m per minute. Not more than 100 revolutions of mixing shall be at a speed
in excess of 6 rpm.

When adjustment to the mix by adding water, air entrainment or superplasticizer at the site is
authorized by the Consultant, the mixer shall be run for a minimum of 20 additional revolutions to
ensure homogeneity of the concrete before discharge. Discharge chutes shall be kept clean and
free from hardened concrete and shall be wetted down prior to use.

4.6.3 Time of Hauling

The maximum time allowed for all classes of concrete other than Class SF Concrete to be delivered
to the site of the work and discharge shall not exceed 90 minutes after batching. For Class SF
Concrete and Class SF Concrete with Steel Fibres, this requirement is reduced to 70 minutes. In
hot weather, or under conditions contributing to quick setting of the concrete, these times may be
reduced as determined by the Consultant. Deviations from these requirements will be addressed
in the Special Provisions.

4.7 Delivery

The Concrete supplier shall have sufficient plant capacity and satisfactory transporting equipment
to ensure continuous delivery at the rate required. The rate of delivery of concrete during concreting
operations shall be such that the development of cold joints will be precluded. The methods of
delivering and handling the concrete shall facilitate placing with a minimum of rehandling, and
without damage to the structure or the concrete.

4.8 Pour Schedules

The Contractor shall outline to the Consultant the proposed pour schedule for any particular pour.
If in the opinion of the Consultant the amount of pour is deemed larger than can be poured with the
facilities outlined the Contractor shall either:

(a) Limit the amount to be poured at any time (using adequate construction joints), or

(b) Augment his facilities in order to complete the proposed pour, or

(c) In the case of continuous pouring provide additional crews and have adequate lighting to
provide for proper placing, finishing and inspecting.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.9 Inspection and Testing

The Consultant shall be afforded full facilities for the random quality assurance inspection and
testing that may be carried out relative to the concrete itself and/or the constituent materials. This
includes at the worksite and any plant used for the manufacture of concrete wherever this may be
situated. The facilities shall be adequate in the opinion of the Consultant to permit proper sampling
of concrete, making of test cylinders and testing slump and air content. The proper storage of all
site cast concrete cylinders in accordance with the relevant specifications is the responsibility of the
Contractor and shall be provided prior to any concrete pour.

The results of the quality assurance testing carried out by the Consultant will serve to monitor and
review the quality control program of the Contractor.

The Contractor shall utilize ACI or CSA certified workers with extensive related experience to test
at site, the air content, slump, and temperature of each batch; results of all such tests shall be
provided to the Consultant. Additional tests will be required if the results are borderline or widely
variable. In case of an unacceptable result, one check test will be permitted. The certified workers
shall also cast the test cylinders as specified in 4.9.3 “Test Cylinders”.

4.9.1 Strength Tests

A "Strength Test" shall consist of the compression tests of four standard test specimens, sampled,
made, cured, and tested in accordance with CSA Standard Specifications as referenced with
modifications as indicated. One cylinder shall be tested at seven days. The 28 day test result shall
be the average of the strengths of the remaining three specimens, except that if one specimen in
a test in the opinion of the Consultant shows manifest evidence of improper sampling, molding, or
testing, it shall be discarded and the remaining two strengths averaged. Additional cylinders may
be cast, at the discretion of the Consultant or Contractor.

For Class SF concrete and modified Class SF concrete, the Contractor shall take a strength test
to represent each approximate 10 m3 portion of the concrete pour. For all other concrete, the
Contractor shall take a strength test to represent each bridge element or portion of the element (ie.
abutment seat, abutment backwall, pier footing, pier cap), except on larger pours a strength test will
be taken to represent each approximately 30 m3 portion of the concrete pour. Such tests shall be
taken from representative batches as determined by the Consultant.

All strength test results shall be provided to the Consultant.

4.9.2 Sampling

Sampling of concrete shall be carried out in accordance with CSA Standard A23.2-1C.

When a concrete pump is used to place concrete, sampling shall be at the end of the discharge
hose.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.9.3 Test Cylinders

Making and curing concrete test cylinders shall be carried out in accordance with CSA Standard
A23.2-3C, except that the time for cylinders to reach the testing laboratory shall be between 20 and
48 hours. The test cylinders shall be cast by the Contractor in standard CSA approved moulds.
The Contractor shall provide properly designed temperature-controlled storage boxes for test
cylinders, as specified in Section 5.3.2.1 of CSA Standard A23.2-3C, for a period of at least
24 hours, and further protection from adverse weather and mishandling until removed from the site.
The Contractor shall provide a max-min thermometer for each storage box. Storage in a portable
building which will be used by Contractor's personnel or the Consultant during the first 24 hour
storage period will not be permitted. Storage facilities shall be provided, installed, and approved
before any concrete is placed.

The Contractor shall deliver the test cylinders to an independent CSA certified testing laboratory.
Handling and transporting of the cylinders shall be in accordance with CSA Standard 23.2-3C. No
extra laboratory curing time will be allowed for cylinders that are delivered late to the laboratory. A
copy of the test results shall be forwarded to the Consultant within 2 days of the break date.

If the test cylinders were allowed to freeze, or were otherwise mishandled resulting in unreliable
strength test results, the Department or Consultant may either reject these portions of the Work,
or require core-testing, at the Contractor's expense to determine the in-situ strength of the concrete.
.
The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs for concrete testing, including but not limited to
making test cylinders, transporting cylinders to an independent certified testing laboratory of his
choice, storage, curing, breaking, and providing written reports of the concrete test results to the
Consultant.

The Contractor shall also be responsible for costs for supplying CSA approved moulds, curing and
delivering test cylinders cast by the Consultant, for quality assurance purposes to the same
independent certified testing laboratory that he selects. Quality assurance testing will be carried out
by the Consultant and the costs for breaking and provision of concrete test cylinder reports will be
paid for by the Department.

4.9.4 Slump

Slump tests shall be made at the discretion of the Consultant in accordance with CSA Standard
A23.2-5C.

4.9.5 Air Content

Air content tests shall be made in accordance with CSA Standard A23.2- 4C.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.9.6 Testing Cylinders

Test cylinders will be tested in compression by an independent CSA certified engineering laboratory
in accordance with CSA Standard A23.2-9C.

4.9.7 Failure to Meet Slump Or Air Content Specifications

In the event that slump and/or air content are outside the specified tolerance range, as determined
by the Contractor's or the Consultant's testing, the Consultant may, accept adjustments of the
deficient condition as an alternate to rejection provided adjustments are made within the maximum
time allowed as specified in 4.6.3. Concrete that does not meet the specifications will be rejected
after the maximum time is exceeded.

For Class SF Concrete, the Contractor will be allowed to adjust only the quantities of
superplasticizer and air entraining agent. Addition of water at site to the batch will only be permitted
subject to an alternate batching procedure approved by the Consultant and the Department. In no
case shall approved batch adjustment relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for the eventual
durability, strength, and acceptability of the concrete concerned. The Department or Consultant
reserves the right to reject any batch in the event of confirmed unacceptability, and to require
immediate removal of any concrete from this batch which may have already been placed in the
structure.

4.10 Falsework and Formwork

4.10.1 General

Detailed falsework and formwork drawings shall be supplied to the Consultant for review and
examination as to concept only. The drawings shall be submitted three weeks before construction
of the work begins. The drawings shall bear the Seal of a Professional Engineer registered in
Alberta, who shall assume full responsibility to ensure that his design is being followed in
construction of the falsework and formwork. Alberta Safety, and compliance with the Occupational
Health and Safety Act and Regulations thereunder, shall be integral parts of his design. All falsework
and formwork shall be fabricated in accordance with the drawings.

4.10.2 Design

For the design of falsework and formwork, the density of fresh concrete shall be assumed to be
2400 kg/m3. All forms shall be of wood, metal or other approved materials, and shall be designed
and built mortar-tight and of sufficient rigidity to prevent distortion due to the pressure of vibrated
concrete and other loads incidental to the construction operation. The forms shall be substantial
and unyielding, and shall be designed so that finished concrete will conform to the design
dimensions and contours. The shape, strength, rigidity, watertightness and surface smoothness
of re-used forms shall be maintained at all times. Any warped or bulged formwork must be repaired
or replaced before being used. Forms which are unsatisfactory in any respect shall not be used.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

All falsework shall be designed and constructed to provide the necessary rigidity and to support the
loads without appreciable settlement or deformation. Falsework which cannot be founded on a
satisfactory footing shall be supported on piling which shall be spaced, driven and removed in a
manner acceptable to the Consultant.

For timber formwork, drawings shall specify the type and grade of lumber and show the size and
spacing of all members. The formwork drawings shall also show the type, size and spacing of all
ties or other hardware, and the type, size and spacing of all bracing.

When forms appear to be unsatisfactory in the opinion of the Consultant, either before or during the
placing of concrete, the Consultant will order the work stopped until the defects have been
corrected.

For narrow walls and columns, where the bottom of the form is inaccessible, removable panels
shall be provided in the bottom form panel to enable cleaning out of extraneous material immediately
before placing the concrete.

4.10.3 Forms for Exposed Surfaces

Forms for exposed surfaces which require a Class 1 "Ordinary Surface Finish" shall be made of
good quality plywood, or an approved equivalent, of uniform thickness, with or without a form liner.
Forms for exposed surfaces requiring a Class 2 "Rubbed Finish" or Class 3 "Bonded Concrete
Surface Finish" shall be all new material, made of "Coated Formply", "C244", "Evans 107", or
approved equal. All form material for exposed surfaces shall be full-sized sheets in good condition,
and approved by the Consultant. The re-use of any forms must have the approval of the Consultant.

All forms for exposed surfaces shall be mortar-tight, filleted at all sharp corners, and given a bevel
or draft in the case of all projections. At the top edges of exposed surfaces, the chamfers are to be
formed by chamfer strips.

The minimum acceptable forming for all exposed concrete where the pour height is 1.5 m or less
shall have 18 mm plywood, "Coated Formply", "C244", "Evans 107", or equal, supported at 300 mm
maximum on centres. Where the pour height is greater than 1.5 m the minimum acceptable
forming for all exposed concrete shall have 18 mm plywood, "Coated Formply", "C244",
"Evans 107", or equal, supported at 200 mm maximum on centres. The support spacings specified
here assume the use of new material. Closer spacings may be required in case of re-used
material. Strong-backs or walers placed perpendicularly to the supports shall be employed to
ensure straightness of the form.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

Metal bolts or anchorages within the forms shall be so constructed as to permit their removal to a
depth of at least 20 mm from the concrete surface. Break-back type form ties shall have all spacing
washers removed and the tie shall be broken back a distance of at least 20 mm from the concrete
surface. All fittings for metal ties shall be of such design that, upon their removal, the cavities which
are left will be of the smallest possible size. Torch cutting of steel hangers and ties will not be
permitted. Formwork hangers for exterior surfaces of decks and curbs shall be an acceptable
break-back type with surface cone, or removable threaded type. Cavities shall be filled with cement
mortar and the surface left sound, smooth, even and uniform in color.

4.10.4 Forms for Unexposed Surfaces

The minimum acceptable forming for unexposed concrete shall have 15 mm plywood supported
at 400 mm maximum on centres.

4.10.5 Standard Details

Refer to Standard Drawing S-1411 "Standard Concrete Joints" and Standard Drawing S-1412
"Standard Construction Joints," included with these Specifications, for details of joints.

4.10.6 Deck Formwork

Formwork for decks, curbs, sidewalks, and parapets shall be fabricated so that the lines and grades
shown on the drawings are achieved. Girders will be erected to normally accepted industry
standards of tolerance; it shall be necessary to adjust the formwork to compensate for variances
in girder dimensions, positioning, alignment, and sweep.

Prior to commencing deck formwork, the Contractor shall profile all the girders and determine the
deck concrete thickness values required to achieve the specified gradeline. This information shall
be provided to the Consultant prior to commencing any deck formwork.

In the event that actual girder camber values vary significantly from the estimated values indicated
on the drawings, the Consultant will require the Contractor to raise or lower the gradeline
accordingly.

4.11 Protection of "Weathering" Steel Girders

Where steel girders are fabricated of "weathering" steel, it is essential that the uniformity of rust
formation is not adversely affected by the Contractor's operation.

The Contractor shall exercise utmost care and provide the necessary protection to prevent marking
or staining of the girders. All joints between deck formwork and steel members (including interior
girders, and diaphragms) shall be sealed to prevent leakage of cement paste or concrete. Caulking,
duct tape, ethafoam, or any other suitable means or material, shall be used to achieve the seal.

Should foreign material spill onto the girders despite the protection provided, the Contractor shall

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

clean off, wash, and sandblast the contaminated areas, to the satisfaction of the Consultant.
Additionally, should the exterior face of an exterior girder become stained or marked, the entire
exterior face of the girder line shall be lightly sandblasted and "weathered" so that uniformity of girder
color, in the opinion of the Consultant, is achieved.

"Weathering" shall be achieved by repeatedly fogging the exterior girder faces with clean water and
allowing them to dry. Fogging should leave the girders wet but not "running wet", and should be
repeated when the girders are completely dry.

The cost of sealing and stain-prevention shall be included in the unit price bid for the deck concrete;
no separate or additional payment will be made for the cost of protecting the girders, nor for any
cleaning, sandblasting, or "weathering" made necessary by the Contractor's operation.

4.12 Protection of Substructure Units From Rust Staining

The substructure will be subject to staining, during the period from erection to casting of the
concrete deck. The Contractor shall be responsible either to take suitable measures to coat or
cover the piers and abutments before erection, or to adequately remove all staining so that the
required concrete finishes may be applied with no trace of stain remaining. Final approval of pier
finish will not be given until after all deck and curb concrete is in place.

This work will be considered incidental to the application of the specified concrete surface finish, and
no separate payment will be made.

4.13 Removal of Falsework, Forms and Housing

Forms and their supports shall not be removed without the approval of the Consultant. In
determining the time for the removal of falsework, forms and housing, and the discontinuance of
heating, consideration shall be given to the location and character of the structure, the weather and
other conditions influencing the curing of the concrete, and the materials used in the mix.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

The following guide for removal of forms and supports may be used if the temperature of the
concrete is maintained at no less than 15oC:

Portion of Work Age or Minimum Strength

Arches and girders - 14 days (or 80% of 28-day strength)

Pier caps and beams - 5 days (or 50% of 28-day strength)
Columns - 1 to 3 days
Decks & Slabs - 5 days (or 50% of 28-day strength)
Vertical faces of supported elements - 12 to 24 hours
Walls over 3 m high - 2 days

Supports and forms may be removed from arches, girders, deck, pier caps and beams earlier than
the minimum curing periods specified above, with the Consultant's approval. In seeking approval
the Contractor shall, at his own expense, furnish evidence satisfactory to the Department and
Consultant that the strength of the concrete in place has attained the above noted percentage of the
specified 28-day strength before removal.

Supports shall be removed in such a manner as to permit the concrete to uniformly and gradually
take the stresses due to its own weight.

All formwork must be removed from the completed structure.

4.14 Handling and Placing Concrete

4.14.1 General

The Contractor shall give the Consultant a minimum of two days advance notice of a concrete pour
date or a change to a pour date.

All equipment proposed for use in mixing, conveying, placing and compacting the concrete shall be
approved by the Consultant prior to its use. All the necessary equipment for any particular pour shall
be on site and proven to be in working condition before the pour commences, with backup
equipment on site as determined by the Consultant. The equipment shall be well maintained,
suitable in kind and adequate in capacity for the work.

In preparation for the placing of concrete, all sawdust, chips and other construction debris and
extraneous matter shall be removed from the interior of forms. Struts, stays, and braces, serving
temporarily to hold the forms in correct shape and alignment, pending the placing of concrete at their
locations, shall be removed when the concrete placing has reached an elevation rendering their
service unnecessary. These temporary members shall be entirely removed from the forms and not
buried in the concrete.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

Concrete shall be placed so as to avoid segregation of the materials and the displacement of the
reinforcement. When placing operations would involve free drop of concrete by more than 1 m, it
shall be deposited through metal or other approved pipes.

Concrete for the structure shall be deposited in the forms in the order indicated on the drawings, and
each portion placed between construction joints shall be placed in one continuous operation. No
other order of pouring shall be done unless otherwise approved by the Consultant.

Concrete placing operations shall not work off, or transport concrete directly over, concrete already
placed, when this concrete is less than 48 hours old, no matter what system of runways, supports
or protection is used on the surface of the concrete already placed, if it is subjected thereby to live
or dead loads. Concrete more than 48 hours old but of less than the specified 28-day strength shall
not be loaded without the approval of the Consultant.

4.14.2 Consolidation

Concrete, during and immediately after depositing, shall be thoroughly consolidated. The
consolidation shall be done by mechanical vibration subject to the following provisions:

- The vibration shall be internal unless special authorization of other methods is given by the
Consultant, or the Consultant requests the use of other methods.

- Vibrators shall be of a type and design approved by the Consultant. They shall be capable
of transmitting vibrations to the concrete at frequencies of not less than 4500 impulses per
minute.

- The intensity of vibration shall be such as to visibly affect a mass of concrete of 25 mm

slump over a radius of at least 0.5 m.

- The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number of vibrators to properly compact each
batch immediately after it is placed in the forms.

- Vibrator operators shall be suitably instructed in the use of vibrators, and the importance
of adequate and thorough vibration of the concrete.

- Vibrators shall be manipulated so as to thoroughly work the concrete around the

reinforcement and imbedded fixtures and into the corners and angles of the forms.
Vibration shall be applied at the point of deposit and in the area of freshly deposited
concrete. The vibrators shall be inserted vertically and withdrawn out of the concrete
slowly. The vibration shall be of sufficient duration and intensity to thoroughly compact the
concrete, but shall not be continued so as to cause segregation. Vibration shall not be
continued at any point to the extent that localized areas of grout are formed. Application
of vibrators shall be at points uniformly spaced and not farther apart than the radius over
which the vibration is visibly effective.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

- Vibration shall not be applied directly or through the reinforcement of sections or layers of
concrete which have hardened to the degree that the concrete ceases to be plastic under
vibration. It shall not be used to make concrete flow in the forms over distances so great
as to cause segregation, and vibrators shall not be used to transport concrete in the
forms.

- Vibration shall be supplemented by such spading as is necessary to ensure smooth

surfaces and dense concrete along form surfaces and in corners and locations impossible
to reach with the vibrators.

4.14.3 Additional Requirements

When concrete placing is discontinued, for whatever reason, all accumulations of mortar splashed
on the reinforcing steel and the form surfaces shall be removed. Dried mortar chips and dust shall
not be puddled into the unset concrete. If the accumulations are not removed prior to the concrete
becoming set, care shall be exercised not to injure or break the concrete-steel bond at and near the
surface of the concrete, while cleaning the reinforcing steel.

Concrete shall be placed while fresh and before it has taken its initial set. Retempering of partially
hardened concrete with additional water will not be permitted. No concrete shall be used which
does not reach its final position in the forms within the time stipulated under 4.6.3 "Time of Hauling"
above.

After initial set of the concrete the forms shall not be jarred and no strain shall be placed on the ends
of reinforcing bars which project.

Concrete which would be adversely affected by the presence of freestanding water shall be
protected to prevent its occurrence, and the Contractor shall take whatever steps may be necessary
to prevent free water build-up in the event of unexpected rainfall or similar occurrences for the first
24 hours.

Water used to keep equipment clean during the pour, or to clean equipment at the end of the pour,
shall be discharged clear of the structure.

4.14.4 Pumping

The operation of the pump shall produce a continuous flow of concrete without air pockets. The
equipment shall be so arranged that no vibrations result which might damage freshly placed
concrete. When pumping is completed, the concrete remaining in the pipeline, if it is to be used,
shall be ejected in such a manner that there will be no contamination of the concrete or separation
of the ingredients.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.15 Placing Pile Concrete

All pile concrete shall be placed by pumping unless specifically approved otherwise by the
Consultant. Pile concrete can be deposited directly from the transit mix trucks into unreinforced
pipe piles with diameter of 510 mm or less. The Contractor shall make every attempt to obtain a
"dry" pile hole prior to pumping of the pile concrete. In the event that all reasonable attempts at
obtaining a dry hole fail, the Consultant will permit the placement of pile concrete under water in
accordance with Section 4.21 of this Specification.

Concrete in the upper 3 m of the piles shall be consolidated by the use of an approved concrete
vibrator.

4.16 Placing Deck, Curb and Deck Overlay Concrete

4.16.1 General

All deck, curb and deck overlay concrete shall be Class SF or Class SF with Steel Fibres as
specified. Concrete placing will not be permitted when the air temperature is below +5EC or above
22EC, nor in the event of rain or excessive wind or dust, nor when there are other conditions judged
by the Consultant to be detrimental to the concrete. Deck concrete placing shall normally be
between the hours of 6:00 pm and 10:00 am except with specific approval of the Department and
Consultant. Night pours shall require proper lighting as approved by the Consultant. The
temperature of the concrete during discharge shall be between 10EC and 18EC unless approved
otherwise by the Consultant. The temperature of the mix shall be maintained below the 18EC
maximum temperature by the inclusion of ice to the mix which shall not alter the design
water-cement ratio. Immediately prior to placing concrete, the substrates shall be thoroughly wetted
down with clean water.

All deck concrete and deck overlay concrete shall be consolidated in accordance with
Section 4.14.2 even when vibratory drum type finishing machines are used.

Placing/Finishing Machines
For all deck concrete and deck overlay concrete, screeding shall be by concrete placing/finishing
machines as follows or approved equivalents:

- Bidwell Model RF200 or Model 364

- Gomaco Model C450

The Contractor shall provide two work bridges, separate from the placing/finishing machine, of
adequate length to completely span the width of the pour. The work bridges will facilitate the
operations of concrete finishing and placing of wet burlap, and shall also be made available to the
Consultant for straight-edge checking. The work bridges shall be supported essentially parallel to
the concrete surface, between 250 mm and 600 mm above the concrete surface, and shall be at
least 800 mm wide to permit diverse uses concurrently, and be rigid enough that dynamic
deflections are insignificant.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.16.2 Screed Guide Rails

Approved steel screed guide rails shall be installed to suit the profile of the required surface and to
ensure a smooth and continuous surface from end to end of the bridge. Guide rails must be located
outside of the finished surface of the pour for overlay concrete and also for deck concrete, unless
specified otherwise in the Special Provisions. All rails and supports shall be removed with minimum
disturbance to the concrete.

4.16.3 Dry-Run

The finishing machine shall be set-up to match the skew angle of the bridge, when the skew angle
exceeds 15E.

The finishing machine and guide rails shall be adjusted so that the height of the screed will finish the
concrete to the design gradeline and crown. To confirm the adjustment of the machine and
guiderails, the screed shall be dry-run prior to the pour and clearance measurements taken at each
of the girder tenth points, and provided to the Consultant for approval. Re-setting of the machine
and/or screed rails shall be done as necessary, to obtain an acceptable dry-run. Adjustments to
the machine or screed rails will not be permitted after an acceptable dry-run has been completed.

Where screed rails are supported on cantilevered formwork that could deflect under the weight of
the fresh concrete and the deck finishing machine, the Contractor shall pre-load a section of the
cantilevered formwork on each side of the bridge to determine deflections that will occur during
concrete placement. The formwork, machine and/or screed rails shall be adjusted to compensate
for the expected formwork deflection.

4.16.4 Screeding Concrete

The screed shall be moved slowly and at a uniform rate. In general, the direction of pouring should
be from the low end of the bridge to the high end. A roll of concrete shall be maintained along the
entire front of the screed at all times to ensure the filling and consolidation of the surface concrete.
The contractor shall also ensure that the required concrete thickness is being placed by randomly
probing the concrete behind the finishing machine.

Screeding shall be completed in no more than two passes. The screed shall not be allowed to run
except when screeding is actually in progress. The screeded surface shall not be walked on or
otherwise damaged.

4.16.5 Bull Floating

The concrete surface produced behind the finishing machine shall be magnesium floated the
minimum amount necessary to ensure that the surface is free from open texturing, plucked
aggregate and local projections or depressions.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.16.6 Surface Defects and Tolerances

The finished surface of the concrete shall conform to the design gradeline profiles as indicated on
the drawings and/or as determined on site.

The surface shall be free from open texturing, plucked aggregate and local projections.

Except across the crown, the surface shall be such that when tested with a 3 m long straight edge
placed anywhere in any direction on the surface, there shall not be a gap greater than 3 mm
between the bottom of the straight edge and the surface of the deck anywhere below the straight
edge.

The surface shall be checked by the Contractor, as described above, immediately after final bull
floating and before texturing.

The surface shall again be checked by the Contractor at the end of the curing period in the same
manner and to the same tolerance.

Areas that do not meet the required surface accuracy shall be clearly marked out and the Contractor
shall, at his own expense:

(a) Grind down any areas higher than 3 mm but not higher than 10 mm above the correct
surface.

(b) Correct any areas lower than 3 mm but not lower than 10 mm below the correct surface,
by grinding down the adjacent high areas.

(c) When the deviation exceeds 10 mm from the correct surface, the deck slab shall be
replaced for a length, width and depth which will allow the formation of a new slab, of the
required quality, in no way inferior to the adjacent undisturbed slab. Replaced areas shall
be at the Contractor's expense.

Grinding shall be carried out by an approved machine, of a type and capacity suitable for the total
area of grinding involved, until the surface meets the specified requirements.

If the surface is damaged in any way by construction operations, or if the deck shows signs of
distress or scaling prior to the final acceptance of the deck, it shall be repaired or replaced by the
Contractor at his own expense.

4.17 Placing Approach Slab and Roof Slab Concrete

After properly placing and consolidating the concrete, it shall be struck off and screeded to conform
to the required cross-section and grade. Concrete placing shall be carried out in a manner such
that the newly deposited concrete is continually placed against fresh concrete across the entire face
of the pour and the formation of cold joints is avoided. A slight excess of concrete shall be kept in

B351-01 4 - 19
Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

front of the screed at all times.

The surface shall then be floated longitudinally, transversely or in both directions as necessary to
ensure that the surface is free from open texturing, plucked aggregate, and local projections or
depressions. The surface shall be such that it does not vary more than 5 mm from the required
lines, under a 3 m straightedge.

4.18 Concreting Shear Keys and Diaphragms

Precast concrete girders will be erected to normally accepted industry standards for tolerance.
Forming of shear keys and diaphragms shall be designed to accommodate variations in girder
dimensions, positioning, alignment, camber and sweep. Before concreting, the girder keyways
must be saturated with water for a period not less than 30 minutes, and must be coated with an
approved bonding agent immediately ahead of the concrete. Concrete placed in the keyways shall
be adequately vibrated, and trowelled smooth and flush to the girders. Immediately after trowelling,
wet burlap or white filter fabric shall be placed on the shear keys and kept continuously wet for the
next 72 hours.

4.19 Construction Joints

4.19.1 General

Construction joints shall be made only where indicated on the drawings or shown in the pouring
schedule unless otherwise approved by the Consultant.

If not detailed on the drawings, or in the case of emergency, construction joints shall be placed as
determined by the Consultant and according to the standard drawing. Shear keys or inclined
reinforcement shall be used where necessary to transmit shear, or to bond the two sections
together. Construction joints should be located to allow a minimum of 50 mm minimum concrete
cover on reinforcing steel running parallel to the joint. Refer to Standard Drawing S-1412 "Standard
Construction Joints" included with these Specifications.

4.19.2 Bonding

Before depositing new concrete on or against concrete which has hardened, the forms shall be
retightened and the surface of the hardened concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned and saturated with
water, with all free standing water removed. The placing of concrete shall be carried out
continuously from joint to joint. The face edges of all joints which are exposed to view shall be
carefully finished true to line and elevation.

4.20 Concreting in Cold Weather

The Contractor shall accept full responsibility for the protection of concrete during adverse weather
conditions.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

When the ambient air temperature is, or is expected to be below 5oC, or when determined by the
Consultant, the following provisions for cold weather concreting shall be put in place:

(1) All aggregate and mixing water shall be heated to a temperature of at least 20oC but not
more than 65oC. The aggregates may be heated by either dry heat or steam; in the latter
case the quantity of mixing water may need to be reduced. The temperature of the
concrete shall be between 10oC and 25oC at the time of placing in the forms. In the case
of mass pours, the Consultant may alter the temperature requirements to suit.

(2) The Contractor shall enclose the structure in such a way that the concrete and air within
the enclosure can be kept above 15oC for a period of 7 days after placing the concrete.
The enclosure shall be constructed so that a minimum 300 mm clearance exists between
the enclosure and the concrete. To prevent overheating, the air temperature within the
enclosure shall be monitored frequently, especially during the first 24 hours.

The relative humidity within the enclosure shall be maintained at not less than 65%.
Heaters must be kept well clear of the formwork housing. Adequate ventilation is required
to provide air for combustion, and to prevent the accumulation of carbon dioxide which can
be harmful to the concrete. The use of salamanders, coke stoves, oil or gas burners and
similar spot heaters which have an open flame and intense local heat is prohibited without
the Consultant's specific approval.

The system of heating, and positioning of steam outlets, heaters, and fans, is to be
designed to give the most uniform distribution of heat possible, and is subject to the
approval of the Consultant.

(3) Before placing concrete, adequate pre-heat shall be provided to raise the temperature of
formwork, reinforcing steel, previously-placed concrete, and/or soil to at least 10oC. The
Contractor shall be responsible to make all arrangements for heating, and to ensure
continuous protection from unsatisfactory temperature and moisture conditions during the
curing period. The Consultant's approval of the Contractor's arrangements shall be
obtained; it will be a requirement that pre-heat is adequate, in the Consultant's opinion, to
ensure that no portion of the fresh concrete is damaged by freezing, or curing retarded by
cold temperatures.

(4) Fully insulated formwork may be proposed as an alternative to provision of further heat
during the curing period. Such formwork shall be designed and insulated with approved
materials so that the initial heat of the mix, and the heat generated during the hydration of
the cement, is retained to provide the specified curing conditions. The adequacy of the
protection is the Contractor's responsibility.

(5) Protection and heating, where used, shall be withdrawn in such a manner so as not to
induce thermal shock stresses in the concrete. The temperature of the concrete shall be
gradually reduced at a rate not exceeding 10EC per day to that of the surrounding air. To
achieve this, in a heated housing, the heat shall be slowly reduced and then shut off, and

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

the whole housing allowed to cool to air temperature before the housing itself is removed.
However, the protection shall not be removed until the temperature of the concrete has
fallen to within 10EC of the temperature of the outside air.

4.21 Depositing Concrete Under Water

Concrete shall not be deposited in water except as specified and with the approval of the Consultant
and under his immediate supervision.

Concrete to be deposited in water shall be of the specified class, with mix design modified to yield
150 mm to 175 mm slump, and with an excess of 15% of the cement quantity added beyond this
designed amount. The concrete temperature shall be between 10oC and 25oC.

To prevent segregation, concrete shall be carefully placed in a compact mass, in its final position,
by means of a concrete pump. When specifically approved by the Consultant, a properly designed
and operated tremie may be used. The concrete shall not be disturbed after being deposited. Still
water shall be maintained at the point of deposit and the forms underwater shall be watertight.

When placing concrete under water, the discharge end of the concrete pump line shall be lowered
to the bottom of the form or hole. Pumping shall then proceed with the end of the discharge line
being continually buried no less than 500 mm below the surface of fresh concrete at all times, to
maintain a seal until the form or hole is completely filled with fresh uncontaminated concrete.

A tremie, when approved, shall consist of a rigid tube having a diameter between 200 mm and
300 mm, and if constructed in sections it shall have flanged couplings fitted with gaskets. The
discharge end shall be closed at the start of the work to prevent water entering the tube. The tremie
tube shall be kept full to the bottom of the hopper, and water shall be kept out at all times. When a
batch is dumped into the hopper, the flow of concrete shall be induced by slightly raising the
discharge end, always keeping it in the deposited concrete. The flow shall be continuous until the
work is completed. Sufficient tremies shall be used to place the concrete under water such that it
is not necessary to move any of the tremies from one portion of the pour to another. The use of
non-rigid tremie tubes will not be permitted.

Concrete shall not be placed in water which is below 4EC.

Concrete seals shall be placed continuously from start to finish; the surface of the concrete shall
be kept as nearly horizontal as is practicable at all times.

Dewatering will not be permitted while concrete is being placed. Dewatering may proceed when the
concrete seal is sufficiently hard and strong. All laitance or other unsatisfactory material shall be
removed from the exposed surface by scraping, chipping or other means which will not injure the
surface of the concrete.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.22 Curing Concrete

4.22.1 General

Freshly deposited concrete shall be protected from freezing, abnormally high temperatures or
temperature differentials, premature drying, excessive moisture, and moisture loss for the period
of time necessary to develop the desired properties of the concrete.

All exposed concrete surfaces, other than SF concrete, SF concrete with steel fibres or concrete
slope protection, which are to receive a Class 2 or 3 finish, shall be moist cured. The Contractor
shall cover the concrete surface(s) with a single layer of clean, soaking wet burlap or light colored
filter fabric as soon as the surface will not be marred by so doing. The burlap or light colored filter
fabric shall be kept continuously wet for 72 hours.

All unexposed concrete surfaces not requiring the application of silane sealer shall receive two
applications of an approved curing compound. The rate of each application shall not be less than
the rate specified by the manufacturer of the compound. Curing compound shall not be used on
any construction joints or when cold weather concreting is in effect.

Where the formwork is left in place for 72 hours or more, no additional curing will be required for
either exposed or unexposed concrete surfaces.

4.22.2 Curing Requirements for Concrete Slope Protection

Concrete slope protection shall receive 2 coats of a curing compound approved by the Consultant.
The first coat is to be applied immediately after the concrete has been satisfactorily finished, and
the second coat is to be applied within 3 hours after the application of the first coat. In cases where
premature drying is severe or is anticipated to be severe, then moist curing, as specified in 4.22.1,
will also be required.

4.22.3 Curing Requirements for Class SF Concrete and Class SF Concrete with Steel Fibres

Light colored filter fabric (Layfield Plastic LP401 or equivalent) or burlap shall be placed on the fresh
concrete surface as soon as the surface will not be marred as a result of this placement. A fine
spray of water shall be immediately applied to the filter fabric or burlap. Edges of the filter fabric or
burlap shall overlap a minimum of 150 mm and shall be held in place without marring the surface
of the concrete.

Curing with filter fabric or burlap and water shall be maintained for a minimum period of 7 days. The
filter fabric or burlap shall be in a continuously wet condition throughout the curing period, by means
of a soaker hose or other means as approved by the Consultant.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.23 Concrete Finishing Under Bearings

All concrete areas on which bearing plates or pads are to be placed are to be at the required
elevation, and are to be finished or ground to a smooth and even surface in preparation for bearing
plates or pads. The finished surface shall not vary more than 1 mm over an area whose
dimensions exceed the dimensions of the bearing plates by 60 mm. Air voids created by forming
grout-pad depressions shall be filled with an approved patching material, well in advance of girder
erection. In cold weather conditions this work shall be completed while the concrete is still warm.

4.24 Concrete Surface Finish

4.24.1 General

Surfaces requiring concrete finishing, shall conform to the requirements of section 4.20. All mortar
patches shall be cured as specified in section 4.22, “Curing Concrete”.

On unexposed concrete surfaces all cavities, honeycomb, and other deficiencies shall be thoroughly
chipped out, cleaned, and after having been kept saturated with water for a period of not less than
30 minutes, shall be filled with cement mortar.

On exposed concrete surfaces to 600 mm below grade or, in the case of river piers, 600 mm below
lowest water level, surface finishes shall be applied as follows:

Class 1 Ordinary Finish

- all exposed concrete surfaces unless other finishes are specified.

Class 2 Rubbed Finish

- solid shaft river piers
- inside surfaces of curb, parapet and sidewalk
- median vertical faces.

Class 3 Bonded Concrete Finish

- abutment seats except top surface
- pier caps except top surface
- exterior faces of curtain walls/wingwalls
- grade separation piers except top surfaces
- exterior concrete girder faces
- exposed end surfaces of cast-in-place concrete diaphragms
- underside of the deck overhang to top flange of girder
- exterior surfaces of curb, parapet and sidewalk.

Class 4 Floated Finish

- top surfaces of concrete deck and roof slabs which are to receive waterproofing
membranes and wearing surfaces.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

Class 5 Floated Surface Finish, Broomed Texture

- top surfaces of curbs, sidewalks, and medians.
- approach slab concrete which will be covered by a wearing surface only (without
waterproofing membrane).
- concrete slope protection

Class 6 Floated Finish, Surface Textured

- top surfaces of deck, roof and approach slabs which will not be covered with
either waterproofing membrane or wearing surface.

Only approved wood or magnesium trowels shall be used for finishing concrete.

4.24.2 Class 1. Ordinary Surface Finish

Unformed Surfaces - Immediately following placing and compacting, the concrete shall be screeded
to conform to the required surface elevations, and then trowelled to ensure that the surface is free
from open texturing, plucked aggregate, and local projections or depressions.

Formed Surfaces - Immediately following the removal of forms, all fins and irregular projections shall
be removed from all surfaces. On all surfaces the cavities produced by form ties, and all other
holes, honeycomb areas, broken corners or edges and other defects, shall be thoroughly chipped
out, cleaned, and after having been kept saturated with water for a period of not less than
30 minutes, shall be filled with cement mortar. Mortar shall be not more than one hour old. The
mortar patches shall be cured as specified under "Curing Concrete". All concrete joints in the
completed work shall be left carefully tooled and free of all mortar and concrete. The joint filler shall
be left exposed for its full length with clean and true edges.

4.24.3 Class 2. Rubbed Finish

Immediately following the removal of forms, all fins and irregular projections shall be removed from
all surfaces. All lines that are not true must be corrected by chipping, grinding or patching as
necessary. Parging to correct irregularities will not be permitted. On all surfaces, the cavities
produced by form ties, air bubbles and all other holes, honeycomb areas, broken corners or edges
and other defects, shall be thoroughly exposed by wire brushing with a stiff bristled powered wire
brush. The cleaned surface, after having been kept saturated with water for a period of not less than
30 minutes, shall be filled with cement mortar. Mortar shall be not more than one hour old. The
mortar patches shall be cured as specified under "Curing Concrete". All concrete joints in the
completed work shall be left carefully tooled and free of all mortar and concrete. The joint filler shall
be left exposed for its full length with clean and true edges. The small surface voids formed by air
bubbles must be filled by rubbing a thin grout composed of bonding agent, water, clean fine sand
and cement into the moistened surface. When the patching and filling have adequately hardened,
a carborundum stone shall be used to finish the surface to a smooth, uniform and closed texture.
Any voids opened during the stone rubbing process shall be re-filled.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

It is essential that the prepared concrete surface, including all patching and filling be uniform in
colour and texture. All portions of bridge elements, including those cast in more than one pour, shall
be of the same colour and texture. Any staining caused by cement, water, weather, or other
conditions shall be prevented, removed, or covered by methods and materials approved by the
Consultant. After the surface preparation has been completed to the satisfaction of the Consultant,
the Contractor shall apply sealer as specified in section 4.25.

If uniformity of colour is not achieved to the satisfaction of the Consultant, the Contractor, rather than
applying the sealer as specified in 4.25, shall supply and apply an approved pigmented concrete
sealer as specified for Class "3" "Bonded Concrete Finish".

4.24.4 Class 3. Bonded Concrete Surface Finish

Surface preparation shall be done as is specified for Class "2" Rubbed Finish, except that uniformity
in colour is not required.

After the surface preparation has been completed to the satisfaction of the Consultant, the
Contractor shall then supply and apply an approved pigmented concrete sealer, which meets the
requirements for a type 3 sealer of the "Alberta Transportation Concrete Sealer Test Procedure -
B388".

The pigmented concrete sealer shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications. The colour of the proposed coating, which shall be similar to the natural colour of
cured concrete, must be approved by the Consultant before application of the coating. A minimum
of two applications of the pigmented sealer are required. The Contractor shall ensure that no colour
variation is visible, and shall match the colour of any previously painted adjoining surfaces. Approval
of the pigmented sealer used will not be taken to relieve the Contractor of full responsibility for its
acceptable performance and appearance.

4.24.5 Class 4. Floated Surface Finish

Unless otherwise noted on the drawings, concrete which is to receive a waterproofing membrane
and a final wearing surface, shall be floated and trowelled as necessary to provide a smoothly
textured surface.

4.24.6 Class 5. Floated Surface Finish, Broomed Texture

The concrete surface shall be floated and trowelled as necessary to produce a smooth surface.
The surface shall not vary more than 3 mm under a 3 m long straightedge.

After the concrete has set sufficiently, the surface shall be given a transversely broomed finish using
a coarse broom to produce regular corrugations to a maximum depth of 3 mm. An edging tool shall
be used at all edges and expansion joints. Where indicated on the drawing, sidewalk surfaces shall
be laid out in blocks using an approved grooving tool.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

4.24.7 Class 6. Floated Finish, Surface Textured

After the concrete has been bull floated, it shall be given a suitable texture with a “flat wire” texture
broom having a single row of tines. The desired texture is transverse grooving which may vary from
1.5 mm width at 10 mm centres to 5 mm width at 20 mm centres, and the groove depth shall be
3 mm to 5 mm. This operation shall be done at such time and in such manner that the desired
texture will be achieved while minimizing the displacement of the larger aggregate particles or steel
fibres. The textured surface shall be uniform and consistent.

Following the surface texturing, a strip of the concrete along the inside curb line shall be trowelled
smooth and the surface left closed.

4.25 Sealer

An approved Type 1c sealer shall be applied to all concrete surfaces which are susceptible to
deterioration by water and de-icing salts. This shall include all concrete surfaces to 600 mm below
grade, or in the case of river piers 600 mm below lowest water level, or as specified and shall
include all surfaces which are to receive a Class 2, Class 3, Class 5 and Class 6 Finish. This does
not apply to surfaces covered with either waterproofing membrane and ACP wearing surface, drain
troughs and concrete slope protection. Sealer will not be required on the underside of bridge decks
and on concrete diaphragms in the interior bay areas, however the faces of the end diaphragms
nearest the abutment backwalls, and the deck and curb overhangs shall be sealed.

Type 1c sealers shall meet the current “Specifications for the Supply of Concrete Sealers,
Evaluation Procedures for Sealers Used on Concrete Bridge Elements” (B388).

The sealer shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, however, the
application rate shall be increased by 30% from that indicated on the approval list. Before applying
the sealer the concrete shall be cured for at least 14 days. Mortar patches shall be cured for at
least two days. The concrete surface shall be dry, and air blasted to remove all dust and approved
by the Consultant prior to applying sealer. In order to ensure uniform and sufficient coverage rates
the Contractor shall apply measured volumes of sealing compound to appropriately dimensioned
areas of concrete surface, using a minimum of 2 coats.

Payment for Sealer will be made on the basis of the lump sum price bid which shall include full
compensation for the cost of all materials, labour, tools and equipment required to acceptably
complete this work.

4.26 Concrete Strength Requirements

The Department reserves the right to reject any concrete whatsoever which does not meet all the
requirements for that class of concrete. The Department may however, accept concrete the
strength of which falls below the specified strength requirements.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

In this case, payment will be made in accordance with 4.26.1. The bid price can either be unit price
or lump sum.

4.26.1 Payment Scales

Class B Concrete, Pile Concrete, 25 MPa

Strength Test Results
25 MPa and over Full bid price
24 MPa to 25 MPa Bid price less $15 per cu. metre
23 MPa to 24 MPa Bid price less $30 per cu. metre
22 MPa to 23 MPa Bid price less $45 per cu. metre
21 MPa to 22 MPa Bid price less $60 per cu. metre
20 MPa to 21 MPa Bid price less $80 per cu. metre

Class C Concrete, and Class D Concrete, 30 MPa

Strength Test Results
30 MPa and over Full bid price
29 MPa to 30 MPa Bid price less $15 per cu. metre
28 MPa to 29 MPa Bid price less $30 per cu. metre
27 MPa to 28 MPa Bid price less $45 per cu. metre
26 MPa to 27 MPa Bid price less $60 per cu. metre
25 MPa to 26 MPa Bid price less $80 per cu. metre
24 MPa to 25 MPa Bid price less $110 per cu. metre

Class SF Concrete, 35 MPa

Strength Test Results
35 MPa and over Full bid price
34 MPa to 35 MPa Bid price less $15 per cu. metre
33 MPa to 34 MPa Bid price less $30 per cu. metre
32 MPa to 33 MPa Bid price less $45 per cu. metre
31 MPa to 32 MPa Bid price less $60 per cu. metre
30 MPa to 31 MPa Bid price less $80 per cu. metre
29 MPa to 30 MPa Bid price less $110 per cu. metre
28 MPa to 29 MPa Bid price less $150 per cu. metre
27 MPa to 28 MPa Bid price less $200 per cu. metre

Class S Concrete, 20 MPa

Strength Test Results
20 MPa and over Full bid price
18 MPa to 20 MPa Bid price less $15 per cu. metre
16 MPa to 18 MPa Bid price less $35 per cu. metre

The reduced payment shall apply to the volume of concrete represented by the strength test as
defined in Section 4.9.1.

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

Concrete with strengths below the scales shown;

i.e. - Class B and Pile concrete below 20 MPa
- Class C and D concrete below 24 MPa
- Class SF Concrete below 27 MPa
- Class S concrete below 16 MPa
will be rejected.

4.26.2 Open to Traffic

The bridge shall not be opened to traffic until the deck or overlay concrete has attained a minimum
compression strength of 70% of the design strength. The concrete shall be cured in accordance
with Section 4.22 of the specification. The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated
with any additional testing that may be required to satisfy the strength requirement.

4.26.3 Coring for Compressive Strength Testing

Coring to confirm or contest low concrete strength test results shall be approved by the Department.
When coring is approved, arrangements shall be made by the Contractor, through the Consultant,
to employ an independent, certified testing service, all at the expense of the Contractor. The cores
shall be taken and tested within seven days of the testing of the twenty-eight day cylinders
representing the concrete in question. Three cores shall be taken for each strength test previously
taken, and there shall be no doubt that the cores taken, and the cylinders under consideration
represent the same batch of concrete. Cores may not be taken unless the Consultant's
representative is present. Cores shall be tested by an independent CSA certified laboratory and in
accordance with the requirements of CSA Standard A23.2-14C, and the average strength of the
cores as reported by the independent testing service shall constitute a test.

The foregoing procedure may be modified if the concrete in question was placed during weather
conditions not suitable, in the opinion of the Consultant, to permit satisfactory curing. In the event
the Contractor chooses to take cores after 7 days, they shall be taken as prescribed in the foregoing
paragraph, transported to an approved laboratory, and cured for a period of time such that the total
of curing time in place in the structure plus the curing time in the laboratory is equal to 28 days. The
cores shall then be tested and reported as specified above.

In cases where the concrete strength, as indicated by the cores, is higher than the strength based
on the concrete cylinder results, the core results shall be used as the basis for acceptance of and
payment for the concrete. If the core strengths are lower than the strength from the concrete
cylinder tests, the cylinder tests shall govern.

4.27 Measurement and Payment

Payment will be made on the basis of the actual volume within the neat lines of the structures as
shown on the drawings or revised by authority of the Department and Consultant, except deductions
will be made for volume of concrete displaced by ducts and voids, and by timber, pipe, or concrete
piles. The volume of a metre of timber pile will be assumed to be 0.08 m3. No deduction will be

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Specifications for Bridge Construction Section 4, Cast-In-Place Concrete

made for the volume of concrete displaced by steel reinforcement, expansion material or steel
H-piles, nor for fillets, scoring and chamfers 600 mm2 or less in cross-section area.
When it is specified on the drawings that concrete in footings is to be placed against undisturbed
soil or set in rock, and where the excavation is made wider than the neat lines of the footing as
shown, the Contractor shall supply and place the excess volume of concrete at his own expense.

In the case of drilled cast-in-place concrete piles where the drilled holes are made larger than
required by the drawings, the additional volume of pile concrete required to fill the enlarged hole shall
be supplied and placed by the Contractor at his expense.

An interim payment in the amount of 80% of full value will be made if the concrete has been placed
acceptably, and the 7 day test cylinder strength indicates that the concrete will reach the
acceptance range of specified strength. Partial payment in advance of 28 day test results will not
be deemed to constitute acceptance of the concrete, nor operate to limit in any way the
requirements of Section 4.26 of these specifications or Section 1.2.24 of the General Specifications.

Final payment will not be made until the specified concrete finish is acceptably completed, and the
28 day strength tests show that the concrete meets the strength requirement of the specification,
or indicate what deduction is to be made for under-strength concrete.

The payment for concrete shall include full compensation for the cost of furnishing all material, tools,
equipment, falsework, forms, bracing, labour, curing, heating, surface finish and all other items of
expense required to complete the concrete work shown on the drawings, and as outlined in the
specifications.

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