ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Manasan, R., & Villanueva. C. (2006). Gems in LGU Fiscal Management: a Compilation of
Good Practices. 5th floor, NEDA sa Makati Building, 106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village,
Makati City, Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.

Public policy as I have learned in my current subject is the government intends to do or

not to do. Government is/ has been doing to elevate the welfare, education, health, defense of the
state, civil rights, etc. but the lack of financial resources to support the provision of basic services
and to fund local development plans is a critical concern at the local level if improvements in key
human development outcomes are to be attained. For me, public policy is interrelated to public
fiscal in way that there is no fiscal administering if there is no policy that is about to be
implemented or if there is no revenues extracted from the people to sustain/help them all in
return. On the one hand, revenue generation and resource mobilization at the local level is
hampered by complex tax structures, poor systems and procedures, and weak local capabilities.
On the other hand, planning and budgeting at the local level is bedeviled by the short political
tenure of local officials, and the lack of a clear mandate supporting the linkage between the
Local Development Plan, the Local Development Investment Program, and the Annual
Investment Program. Consequently, there is a need to help Local Government Units (LGUs in
short) develop strategies and systems that will enable them to increase their financial resources
and to allocate their resources in a manner that is consistent with their goals and objectives as
articulated their medium term developed plans.

World Bank. (2016). Republic of the Philippines PFM Strategy implementation Support
Public Financial Management and Accountability Assessment. 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, DC 20433, USA. The World Bank.

This study entitled Republic of the Philippines PFM Strategy implementation Support
Public Financial Management and Accountability Assessment Republic of the Philippines PFM
Strategy implementation Support Public Financial Management and Accountability Assessment
Republic of the Philippines PFM Strategy implementation Support Public Financial Management
and Accountability Assessment is constructed by the World Bank with the support of the
Australian Government through the Australia-World Bank Philippines Development Trust Fund,
Asian Development Bank and International Monetary Fund (to shorten it, IMF) and it contains a
report about Philippine Fiscal Management assessed by the Public Expenditure and Financial
Accountability (PEFA) performance assessment report and it evaluates the seven core pillars of
the public financial management (PFM in short) system of the Government of the Philippines. It
evaluates how effectively the PFM system achieves the desirable budget outcomes of aggregate
fiscal discipline, strategic allocation of resources, and efficient service delivery. The main report
of the Philippines as a target area of the World Bank is the information about core characteristics
of the Government’s PFM system. It covers the country economic, budgetary and fiscal trends,
structure of the public sector, legal and institutional framework for PFM, and the Government’s
internal control framework. The Philippines is one of the most dynamic economies in the East
Asia region because some of its factors is the being macroeconomic fundamentals and a
competitive state which is recognized globally. On the demand side, the strong performance of
private domestic demand supported by decade-low inflation and robust, although remittances
drove Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. Due to the need to elevate the public policy,
increases in the budget were rightly targeted toward priority areas such as the budget for
education, health, and social protection or the welfare and defense grew by almost three times
between 2010 and 2016 – this was under Aquino’s regime/administration.

Mathiba, L. S. (2011). Evaluation of Financial Management Practices in the Department of

Correctional Services. Master of Public Administration dissertation, Stellenbosch
University.

This study conducted by Luckyboy Samuel Mathiba for his fulfillment on the degree
Master of Public Administration determines the financial management practices in the
Department of Correctional Services. To reach this objective, Mathiba as a researcher focused on
the financial management practices performed by the accounting officer, chief financial officer
and other managers in the areas of budgeting, supply chain management, movable asset
management and control. Financial management has been a challenge for the Department of
Correctional Services since 2003 until 2010 financial years; managers could not spend all the
funds allocated to them. It was superficially observed that there is a general perception among
officials that financial management is the responsibility of accountants working in finance.
However, the National Commissioner, who is the accounting officer of the said department
(Department of Correctional Services, must account to Parliament for the budget allocated to the
department on an annual basis. There is a need to investigate whether different managers or
officers are facing challenges in respect of financial management in the said department. As we
all know, manager refers to all officials who have financial management responsibilities within
department of respective agencies. Therefore, it is important to share and reflect on such
challenges to determine how these challenges influence the various financial management
practices in the department. A financial management system has little value if it cannot be
evaluated, this is the reason why there is a need for monitoring and evaluation in order to oversee
or inspect if the money or where the money goes, however, there is a need for transparency and
accountability in order to be successful in financing.

Kim, K. (2015). Fiscal Administration and Public Sector. Chosum University. The Legal
Research Institute.

In the book entitled Fiscal Administration and Public Sector written by Kiyoung Kim
shares the idea of the reality of government and public good or service of the citizen. Fiscal
administration or the measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically
by manipulating the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures is an
independent subject from the accounting, economic, political, and legal science, which is
interdisciplinary and strives for any distinct goal of studies. This study contains theories and
concept that some will critique an evil aspect in decision making process as I learned from my
subject public policy pointing out a lobbying influence or political corruption as well as the
politician’s personal ambition (selfish interest as I would call it) of reelection. Others will raise a
concern, who would give a focus on the fiscal sustainability and acceptable allocation of
resources on expenditure, or justice of taxation and budget. The expenditures and revenues of
each level of government show what role and function the government would assume and
administer to generate the public goods or services for the citizenry of respective scope of
responsibility. Hence, understanding of fiscal administration is inseparable from the normative
structure of governments (what ought to be / should be) and their constitutional or statutory
authority.

Aguilar, A. P. (2017). The Influence of Fiscal Position to the Socio-Economic Development

of the Provinces in the Philippines. Review of Public Administration Management, 5(3).
doi:10.4172/2315-7844.1000232

This study conducted by Analiza Aguilar is a quantitative research. I guess we all know
what quantitative research is, quantitative research is the collecting and analyzing numerical data
and it can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and
generalize results to wider population in order to form a research. The problem of how to reduce
if not eliminate poverty has remained a predicament to leaders all over the world or international
community, especially in the third world countries like the Philippines where poverty thrives.
Much of what public sees in media on the state of social development in the Philippines is the
poverty in Metro Manila’s slums but this is just 3% of the country’s poor population. Truth to
tell, this is the lowest among the regions, with the four regions Western Mindanao, Bicol,
Eastern Visayas, and ARMM (currently transformed into BARMM). According to Balisacan,
poverty reduction in the Philippines has lagged far behind those of its East and Southeast Asian
neighbors, mainly Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and China. Both China and Vietnam started
with higher levels of poverty incidence than did the Philippines during the mid-1980s due to
their amendments and revision period on their government because they are both socialist states,
but eventually their absolutely poverty dwindled and became much lower than the Philippines in
the 2000s. This study determines as the ultimate goal is the fiscal position of the provinces in
terms of the 6 parameters namely, national government subsidy, income, operational
expenditures, total assets, public debts and budget surplus but it results to a strong negative
correlations between poverty incidence. However, there is a strong positive correlation between
public debts and attended mortality rate and between fiscal position parameters the dependent
variable, attended mortality rate.