TOUCH SENSOR BY USING IC 555 TIMER’s

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

On

TOUCH SENSOR BY USING IC 555 TIMER’s

Submitted In partial fulfilment of the requirement

For

The award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

By
U.Anitha [17NN1A0453]

Sd. Shameela banu [17NN1A0446]

M. Madhuri [17NN1A0430]

A. Sumitra [17NN1A0402]

Under the Estimated Guidance of

Mrs. Dr. B. M. S. RANI, M. Tech, [Ph. d]

Assistant Professor, Dept. of E.C.E

VIGNAN’S NIRULA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE FORWOMEN

(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, KAKINADA)

Vignan’s avenue, Pedapalakaluru- 522005, Guntur (Dist), Andhra Pradesh

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DEPARTMENT OF ECE
TOUCH SENSOR BY USING IC 555 TIMER’s

VIGNAN’S NIRULA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE FOR WOMEN

(Affiliated to JNTUK & Approved by AICTE)

Vignan’s avenue, Pedapalakaluru- 522005, Guntur (Dist), Andhra Pradesh

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “TOUCH SENSOR BY USING IC 555
TIMER’s” the bonafide work carried out by U. Anitha, Sd. Shameela banu, M. Madhuri, A.
Sumitra, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, from J.N.T.U,
Kakinada during the year 2017-2021 under the supervision and guidance.

[Project guide] [Head of the department]

Mrs. Dr. B. M. S. Rani Mrs. Dr. G. Sandhya

Assistant Professor Associate Professor

External Examiner

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to avail the opportunity to thank Mrs. Dr. P. Radhika, Principle of Vignan’s Nirula
Institute Of Technology & Science For Women for her continuous support and giving
valuable suggestions during entire period of the project work.

We take this opportunity to express my gratitude to Mrs. Dr. G. Sandhya, Head of the
Department for her great help and encouragement to do this project work.

We would like to express our unbounded gratefulness to our guide Mrs. Dr. B. M. S.RANI,
Assistant Professor in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his
valuable support and motivation at each and every point in successful completion of the
project.

We would like to express our hearty thanks to our parents and friends for their
encouragement and support in completion of the project.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

U. Anitha [17NN1A0453]

Sd. Shameela banu [17NN1A0446]

M. Madhuri [17NN1A0430]

A. Sumitra [17NN1A0402]

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TOUCH SENSOR BY USING IC 555 TIMER’s

DECLARATION
We, hereby that the work which is being presented in dissertation entitled “TOUCH
SENSOR BY USING IC 555 TIMER’s”, submitted towards the partial fulfilment of
requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Communication Engineering at of Vignan’s Nirula Institute of Technology & Science for
women, Pedapalakaluru is an authentic of our world carried out under the supervision of
Assistant professor Department of E.C.E, Vignan’s Nirula Institute of Technology & Science
for women, Pedapalakaluru.

The matter embodied in the dissertation report has not been submitted by us for the
award of other degree. Further the technical details furnished in the various chapters in this
report are prevalent to the above project and there is no deviation from the theoretical point of
view for development and implementation.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

U.Anitha [17NN1A0453]

Sd. Shameela ban [17NN1A0446]

Madhuri [17NN1A0430]

A. Sumitra [17NN1A0402]

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TOUCH SENSOR BY USING IC 555 TIMER’s

CONTENTS

List of figures

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1

1. 1 Introduction

1.2 Objective

CHAPTER 2

2. List and description of components

2.1 Resistor

2.2 LED’s lights

2.3 9 volts battery

2.4 IC555 Timer

2.5 Battery

2.6 Connecting wires

2.7 Pins (collecting plates)

CHAPTER 3

3. PROJECT DETAILS

3. 1 Block diagram

3. 2 Circuit diagram

3.4 Circuit diagram description

3. 3 Working Principle

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Applications

4.2 Advantages

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4.3 Disadvantages

4.4 Conclusion

4.5 Future scope

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No NAME

2.1 Resistor

2.2 LED’s lights

2.3 9 volts battery

2.4 IC555 Timer

2.5 Battery

2.6 Connecting wires

2.7 Pins (collecting plates)

3. 1 Block diagram

3. 2 Circuit diagram

3.3 Connected circuit diagram

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ABSTRACT

A touch sensor is a type of equipment that captures and records physical touch or
embrace on a device or an object. It enables a device or an object to detect touch, typically by
a human user or operator. It is developed by using IC555 TIMER operated as a monostable
multivibrator. A touch sensor may also be termed as a “TOUCH DETECTOR”. Unlike a
button or manual control, touch sensors are more sensitive and are often able to respond
differently to different kinds of touch such as tapping, swiping and pinching. Touch sensors
are used consumer tech devices such as smart phones, tablets and computers.

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CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
• Sam Hurst is the founder of elographics, developed the first sensor in 1971.

• Dr Basic reason for this development is durability, robustness, attractive product

design and cost. Sensors are unlike the mechanical devices do not contain moving
parts.

• Touch sensor is a type of equipment that can captures and records the physical touch.

• It enables a device or an object to detect touch, typically by a human or operator.

• It can be implemented by using IC 555 timer and operates as a monostable

multivibrator.

• A touch sensor can also be termed as “Touch switch” or “touch detector”.

• Unlike a button or manual control, touch sensors are more sensitive and are often able
to respond differently to different kinds of touch such as swiping, pinching and
tapping.

• Touch sensors are used in consumer tech devices such as Smartphone’s and
computer’s

1.2 OBJECTIVE
The core objective of this project is to design a “TOUCH SENSOR”, with light
emitting diodes and IC 555 Timer, which will protect the individuals from crime, and
employs in various applications in daily life

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CHAPTER 2

2. List and Description of components

List of components Range Quantity

2.1 Resistor 330 ohms [only 1]

2.2 LED’s white colour [only 2]

2.3 9 volts battery --- [only 1]

2.4 IC 555 TIMER’s --- [only 1]

2.5 Connecting wires --- Required number

2.6 Pins (collecting plates) --- [only 4]

2.7 Bread board --- [only 1]

Description of components

2.1 Resistor:
Resistor is a passive element which opposes the flow of current. The resistor
values are varied by using the colour coding.

Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within
circuits. In electronic circuits resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels,
bias active elements, terminate transmission lines among other uses. High-power resistors
that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat nay be used as part 01 motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test roads for generators.

The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial

resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude. The nominal
value of the resistance will fall within a manufactures tolerance.

Fig. Resistor

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2.2 LED’s [Light Emitting Diodes]:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing
energy in the form of photons.

Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with holes, releasing energy in the form

of photons. The colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined
by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light
is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device.

A LED is often small area (less than 1mm^2) and integrated optical components may be used
to shape its radiation pattern.

Fig. LED’s

Applications:

 Led uses fall into major categories:

 Visual signals where light goes more or less directly from the source to human eye, to
convey a message or meaning.
 Illumination where light is reflected from objects to give visual response of these
objects.
 Measuring and interacting with processes involving no human vision.
 Narrow band light sensors where led’s operate in a reverse-bias mode and respond to
incident light, instead of emitting light

1.

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2.3 BATTERY:

A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external

connections provided to power electrical devices.

Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode.
Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to
flow out of the battery to perform work.

Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode
materials are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline
battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices.

Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple times; the
original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current.

Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for
portable electronics

Fig. Battery

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2. 4 IC 555 Timer’s:

 It contains eight pins.

 Employed in my applications.
 The pin description is discussed in the following lines.

Pin 1:

The first pin is connected to ground in order to protect the IC and other
components connected to it.

Pin 2:

The trigger signal is applied as an input since it is operates as a

Monostable multivibrator.

Pin 3:

The output is collected from third pin. This pin is drawn from push to pull
configuration formed by transistor

Pin 4:

Reset is fourth pin and it should be connected to positive rail to work IC

properly . when it is connected to ground the IC will stop working.

Pin 5:

Control voltage is fifth pin which can be used to control the pulse width of the
output waveform and also the levels of the threshold and trigger . When an external voltage is
applied then the output waveform is modulated.

Pin 6:

Threshold is the sixth pin . when the voltage is applied to threshold pin then it
contrasts with reference voltage.

Pin 7:

Discharge is seventh pin . when the output of the open collector discharges a
capacitor between the intervals, then it toggles the output from high to low.

Pin 8:

Voltage supply is eighth pin which is used to supply the voltage to the IC with
respect to the ground terminal.

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Pin diagram

Fig . Pin diagram

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Fig. IC 555 TIMER’s

2.5 Pins:

A pin is a device used for fastening objects or materials together and has three sorts of body .

Fig. Pins

2.6 Connecting wires:

 Wires are used to establish the connection between the components for flow of
current.
 Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to
another, because electricity needs a medium through which it can move.

Fig. Connecting wires

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2.7 Breadboard:

Bread board is a thin plastic board used to hold electronic components like resistors ,

transistors , chips and some other that are wired together to produce an output. It is a widely

used tool to design and test circuit. It is easier to mount components and reuse them. Since,

components are not soldered we can change our circuit design at any point of time without

any hassle. It consists of an array of conductive metal clips encased in a box made of white

ASS plastic, where each clip is insulated with another clips. There are number of holes on the

plastic box, arranged in particular fashion. A typical bread board layout consists of two types

of region also called as strips. Bus strips are usually used to provide power supply to the

circuit. It consists of two columns, one for power supply and another for ground

Fig. Bread board

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CHAPTER 3

3. PROJECT DETAILS

3.1 Block diagram

Fig. Block diagram of touch sensor using IC 555 Timer’s

Block diagram consists of:

Touch plates: These can also be termed as collecting plates and pins. By using these
pins one can apply trigger pulse.

IC 555 Timer’s: It can operate in monostable multivibrator mode.

LED’s: These acts as output displaying units when we apply trigger pulse on the collecting
plates

Power supply: It can acts power supply for entire circuit

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3.2 Circuit diagram

Fig. Circuit diagram

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3.3 Circuit description

• Place IC 555 timer on the bread board.

• Connect a wire from pin1 of IC to ground or negative side of the breadboard.

• Connect another wire from pin8 to the positive side of the breadboard

• Connect the touch plates to pin1 and pin2 of the IC and also another pair of touch
plates at pin6 and pin8 of the IC.

• Connect the anode of led to the positive rail of breadboard and cathode of led to pin3
of IC.

• Connect 330ohm resistor to pin3 and route another terminal at any point on
breadboard.

• Connect the anode of led to 330ohm resistor and cathode of led to negative side of
breadboard.

• Finally connect the anode of battery to positive rail of breadboard and cathode to
negative rail of breadboard.

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3.4 WORKING PRINCIPLE

• Touch sensor can also be term as tactile sensors and they are sensitive to touch, force,
or pressure.

• Touch sensors one of the simplest and useful sensors.

• The working of touch sensor is similar to that of simple switch.

• The principle f behind working of touch sensor is, it can operate under monostable
vibrator. Because by applying pressure over collecting places one LED glows and
another turn off.

• When there is contact with the surface of touch sensor, the circuit is closed inside the
sensor and path is established for the flow of current and hence the LED’s glows.

• When the contact is released, circuit is opened and no current flows.

CHAPTER 4

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4.1 Applications

• Touch sensors are used in the musical instruments.

• Touch sensors are used in keypads and touch pads.

• Touch sensors are employed in electronic devices like laptops, smart phones tablets.

• Employs in security alert systems.

4.2 Advantages

• Touch sensors are employed in manufacturing devices like

a. operated bells

b. Buzzers in toys

• The input impedance of the trigger is very high so the touch sensor switch can be
triggered by the voltage induced in the human body.

• Low cost to design.

4.3 Disadvantages

• They may lose their sensitivity when more often used.

4.4 Conclusion

As technology growing on the evolution of touch is essential. It is quite easy to learn,

navigate to known and unknown users. It presents the simplicity and user-friendly having
with its flexibility of touch user-interface. Now, at present Smartphone, laptop is maintaining
this facility to use their product more users friendly. Apps like Gaming, Maps designed to
support in Smartphone, this would help for users actually they were involved with them
but they are logically connected.

4.5 Future scope

Researchers now continuing their growth of study at more and more touch
technologies to work out on multi-touch support and ability to provide high resolution
touch sensor. So, in future the touch makes more beneficial so that you can do your work and
catch all the things around you.
Future progress of this work can be identified in the areas summarized below
 We will try to upgrade this system to an advanced level with usage of technology with
low cost and high efficiency.
 We can also use infrared touch types to supports and to work even in the harsh
environment.

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