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VIDYASAGER UNIVERSIYT

HIJLI COLLEGE

2020-2021

Study Of Common Insect

In West Bengal
2nd Semester

Environmental Studies
NAME: - Kous hik Mandal

DEPARTMENT: - Computer Science

ROLL NO: -1121117200014

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Contents
1. ACKNOWLEDEMENT 3
2. aim of the project 4
3. introduction 5
4. NAME OF Common birds of west Bengal 6
5. ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSECT 18
6. Insect’s Is dangerous for human 19
7. MODERN THREATS AND INSECT 20
8. Conclusion 21
9. Reference 22
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ACKNOWLEDEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
teacher Dr. Swarup De as well as our principal Dr. Asis
Kumar Dandapat who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic “Snake”, which also helped
me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so
many new things.
I am really thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time.
I am making this project not only for marks but to also increase
my knowledge.
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aim of the project

1.Identify the distinguishing characteristics of an insect.
2.Identify the three main sections of an insect.
3.Identify the different life stages of insects.
4.Describe common insects in west Bengal and are classified.
5.Identify the distinguishing characteristics of insect orders.
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introduction

Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insect, the largest and (on
land) most widely distributed taxon within the Phylum Arthropoda. In
introduction of exotic species are also contributing to decline in
many insect species. Among the insect species of west Bengal only few
butterfly species are included sects comprise the most diverse group of
animals on the India.
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NAME OF Common birds of west

Bengal
List of ten important insect’s species found in west Bengal: - 1. Fire
Ant,2. Paper Wasp, 3. Mosquito ,4. Honey bee , 5.0 Carpenter ant ,6.
Cockroach ,7. Mantis , 8. Phasmatodea,9.A Green Jewel Bug , 10.
butterfly and Others.
Fire Ant
Fire ant is the common name for several species of ants. Fire
ants are arthropods that build anthill mounds in soft soil for their
colonies. Unlike other ant species, their mounds lack a central
opening — you’ll see the ants entering from all directions.
There are more than 20 species of fire ants worldwide.
These invasive pests spread like wildfire and have now become
common in the west Bengal. In some cases, they have
displaced their native counterparts completely.

Fire ants are found in warm and tropical climates. They need
water to survive, so homes with ponds, leaky pipes and
moisture issues are more susceptible to infestation. We are
finned around our home or garden.
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They also like to eat. Fire ants are attracted to oily and greasy
foods, other insects and seeds, as well as dog and cat food.

Paper Wasp
Paper wasps are vespid wasps that gather fibres from
dead wood and plant stems, which they mix with saliva, and
use to construct nests made of grey or brown papery material.
Paper wasps are 3/4 to 1 inch long, slender, narrow-waisted
wasps with smoky black wings that are folded lengthwise when
at rest. Paper wasps are usually brown with yellow markings on
the head, thorax and bands on the abdomen.
Paper wasps are the most common in west Bengal . especially
during the summer months. Some paper wasps, such
as P. exclamans and the invasive P. dominula, are improperly
called “yellowjackets” due to their alternating bands of yellow
and dark-brown or black markings on their gasser. Paper
wasps are usually longer .
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Eggs are laid individually in cells and hatch into legless grub-
like larvae that develop through several stages (instars) before
pupating. Cells remain open until developing larvae pupate.
Sterile worker wasps assist in building the nest, feeding young
and defending the nest. A mature paper wasp nest may have
20 to 30 adults.
In late summer, queens stop laying eggs and the colony soon
begins to decline. In the fall, mated female offspring of the
queen seek over-wintering sites. The remainder of the colony
does not survive the winter and dies off.

Mosquito
Mosquitoes are members of a group of about 3,500 species of
small flies within the family Culicidae The word "mosquito" is
Spanish for "little fly".[3][4] Mosquitoes have a slender segmented
body, one pair of wings, one pair of halteres, three pairs of long
hair-like legs, and elongated mouthparts.
The slender, elongated body of the adult is covered with scales
as are the veins of the wings. Mosquitoes are also characterized
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by long, fragile-looking legs and elongated, piercing

mouthparts. The feathery antennae of the male are generally
bushier than those of the female. The males, and sometimes the
females, feed on nectar and other plant juices. Different species
of mosquitoes show preferences and, in many cases, narrow
restrictions as to host animals.

The mosquito life cycle consists of egg, larva, pupa,

and adult stages. Eggs are laid on the water surface; they
hatch into motile larvae that feed on aquatic algae and organic
material. These larvae are important food sources for many
freshwater animals, such as dragonfly nymphs, many fish, and
some birds such as ducks. The adult females of most species
have tube-like mouthparts that can pierce the skin of
a host and feed on blood, which
contains protein and iron needed to produce eggs.
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Honey bee
honeybees are social and cooperative insects. Honeybee
hives have long provided humans with honey and beeswax.
Such commercial uses have spawned a large beekeeping
industry, though many species still occur in the wild.
Only eight surviving species of honey bee are recognized, with
a total of 43 subspecies, though historically 7 to 11 species are
recognized. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the
roughly 20,000 known species of bees. Apis Mellifera, a
European import, produces 75% of India’s honey.

Workers are the only bees that most people ever see. These
bees are females that are not sexually developed. The queen's
job is laying the eggs that will spawn the hive's next generation
of bees. Male bees are called drones—the third class of
honeybee.

For all three forms of honeybees, eggs hatch in three days and
then develop into larvae that are known as grubs. All grubs are
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fed royal jelly at first, but only the future queens are continued
on the diet. When fully grown, the grubs transform into pupae.
Queens emerge in 16 days, workers in about 21 days (on
average), and drones in 24 days. After emerging, the queens
fight among themselves until only one remains in the hive. The
old queen and the majority of her workers typically have left the
hive by the time the new queens emerge. The swarm, which
typically reproduces during swarming, may form two or more
new colonies at different nesting sites.

Carpenter ant
Carpenter ants are species that belongs to the
genus Camptonites besides being ‘polymorphic. Carpenter
ants are large ants indigenous to many forested parts of the
world.
Carpenter ants are common across the west Bengal and are
the largest of all common ant species. They also commonly
infest wooden buildings and structures, and are a widespread
nuisance and major cause of structural damage. Nevertheless,
their ability to excavate wood helps in forest decomposition.
The genus includes over 1,000 species.
Also known as “wood ants,” not all of the carpenter ants prefer
to dwell in wood. Some of them like Camponotus
castaneus prefer to live in the soil.
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Once the primary nests are beginning to mature, they lead to

the construction of satellite nests. Older larvae, pupae and
some ants with wings reside in these nests. As far as the
residents of primary nests are concerned, they consist of the
queen, the workers, the freshly born larvae and eggs. The
queen constructs new nests and deposits around 20 eggs.
Then these eggs are raised by her as they develop till the time
workers ants do not come out.

Cockroach
Cockroaches are insects of the order Blatted, which also
includes termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are
associated with human habitats.
The word cockroach is a corruption of the Spanish cucaracha.
The cockroach is characterized by a flattened oval body, long
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threadlike antennae, and a shining black or brown leathery

integument. The head is bent downward, and the mouthparts
point backward instead of forward or downward as is the case
in most other insects. Male cockroaches usually have two pairs
of wings, whereas females, in some species, are wingless or
have vestigial wings.

The female produces eggs in egg cases (called oothecae).

These are sometimes held protruding from her body or may be
glued in protected areas. After the female deposits an egg
case, the soft white nymphs emerge. As
their exoskeleton hardens, it turns brown in colour. The
structure and large size (certain species have a wingspread of
more than 12 cm [4.7 inches]) of cockroaches have made them
objects of interest in the biological laboratory.
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Mantis
Mantises are an order of insects that contains over 2,400
species in about 430 genera in 30 families. The largest family is
the Mantidae ("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in
temperate and tropical habitats.
hey have triangular heads with bulging eyes supported on
flexible necks. Their elongated bodies may or may not have
wings, but all Mantodea have forelegs that are greatly enlarged
and adapted for catching and gripping prey;

The closest relatives of mantises are termites and cockroaches,

which are all within the superorder Dictyoptera. Mantises are
sometimes confused with stick insects other elongated insects
such as grasshoppers. They normally live for about a year. In
cooler climates, the adults lay eggs in autumn, then die. The
eggs are protected by their hard capsules and hatch in the
spring. Females sometimes practice sexual cannibalism, eating
their mates after copulation.
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Phasmatodea
The Phasmatodea are an order of insects whose members are
variously known as stick insects, stick-bugs, walking sticks,
or bug sticks. They are generally referred to
as Phasmatodea’s, phasmids, or ghost insects. Phasmids in
the family Psyllidae are called leaf insects, leaf-bugs, walking
leaves, or bug leaves. The group's name is derived from
the Ancient Greek φάσμα phasma, meaning an apparition or
phantom, referring to their resemblance to vegetation while in
fact being animals. Their natural camouflage makes them
difficult for predators to detect; still, many species have one of
several secondary lines of defence in the form of startle
displays, spines or toxic secretions.

A Green Jewel Bug

The Green Jewel Bug forms non-feeding clusters during hot
dry periods especially along creeks, spreading out to feed on
many plants from ferns and figs to Lantana when conditions
improve.
Females lay clusters of eggs around twigs and guard them until
they hatch. The nymphs are often a different colour to the
adults.
Length about 20 mm. This species is similar to the Hibiscus
Harlequin bug but has a more elongated body. It is orange with
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two black spots on the thorax and eight spots on the enlarged,
shield-like scutellum.

butterfly
India has extremely diverse terrain, climate and vegetation,
which comprises extremes of heat cold, desert and jungle, of
low-lying plains and the highest mountains, of dryness and
dampness, islands and continental areas, widely varying flora,
and sharply marked seasons.[1] India forms a large part of
the Indomalaya biogeographical zone; many of the floral and
faunal forms show Malayan affinities with some taxa being
unique to the Indian region. In addition, India hosts three of the
world's biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats, the Eastern
Himalayas, and the hilly ranges bordering India and Myanmar,
each having numerous endemic species.

The wings, bodies, and legs, like those of moths, are covered
with dust like scales that come off when the animal is handled.
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Unlike moths, butterflies are active during the day and are
usually brightly coloured or strikingly patterned. Perhaps the
most distinctive physical features of the butterfly are its club-
tipped antennae and its habit of holding the wings vertically
over the back when at rest. The lepidopteran life cycle has four
stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult
(imago). The larvae and adults of most butterflies feed
on plants, often only specific parts of specific types of plants.
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ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF
INSECT
While all organisms in the ecosystem are essential, the role
played by insects is particularly vital. Insects play an equally
vital role in waste biodegradation. Beetle larvae, flies, ants
and termites clean up dead plant matter, breaking down
organic matter until it is fit to be consumed by fungi and
bacteria. In this way, the minerals and nutrients of dead
organisms become readily available in the soil for uptake
by plants.
• The Economic Value Derived from Insects. While
all organisms in the ecosystem are essential, the
role played by insects...
• Pollination Of Plants. Insects are responsible for
the pollination of about 80% of trees and bushes
on the entire planet.
• Dispersal Of Seeds. Ants play a crucial role in the
dispersal of fruit and seeds from plants.
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Insect’s is dangerous for human

Fair ant they’ll bite you and then sting you with their abdomen. Their
stings are painful and can sometimes feel that part of your body is on
fire. The sting, an injection of a toxic venom into the skin, has been
known to trigger serious allergic reactions in some people.
Paper wasp stings are dangerous, and these territorial insects will sting
when they feel threatened. Unlike bees that die when they sting
someone, wasps have retractable stingers and can attack numerous
times. Anyone who gets close to what paper wasps consider to be “their
turf” is in danger of getting stung.
Although the honey bee sting is not commonly hazardous, some people
may be allergic to the bee’s venom and will experience such severe side
effects as nausea, fainting and, in extreme cases, death. The numbers of
stings also plays a role in the effects.
Cockroaches are considered to be dangerous as an allergen source and
asthma trigger. They may also carry certain bacteria that can cause
illnesses if left on food. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), cockroaches are “unhygienic scavengers in human settlements.”
Carpenter ants, as we now know, will bite humans, and their bites can
be very painful and sometimes dangerous. If we notice carpenter ants in
our home and want to avoid being bit, then we should get help from an
expert. With the right guidance,
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MODERN THREATS AND INSECT

In today’s modern society, it is common to use chemical pesticides to control
insect pests. They are aggressively promoted by large companies and government
groups making up a more than $35 billion a year industry. The problem is, as our
reliance on chemical pesticides increases, their effectiveness is
declining. Chemical insecticides are rarely selective and kill a large number of
insects, including the good ones. Insect pests have an uncanny ability to develop
resistance to conventional insecticides. The combination of secondary pest
outbreaks, insect resistance, government regulations and legal battles over safety
and the environment have caused the cost of chemical insecticides to rise
dramatically.

• Domestic animal deaths and contamination

• Honeybee and pollination losses
• Groundwater contamination
• Bird losses
• Fishery losses
Negative attitudes towards insect’s manifest as the emotion disgust,
which is regarded as a psychological adaptation to produce pathogen-
avoidance behaviour. Based on theories of evolutionary psychology
(parasite avoidance theory of disgust and error management theory),
we hypothesized that there are two pathways by which urbanization
increases the intensity and breadth of feelings of disgust towards
insects:
• While negative perceptions of insects are
widespread around the world, the causes of
this phenomenon remain unknown.
• Urbanization increases the seeing of insects
indoors and insects seen indoors induce
stronger disgust than outdoor insects.
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Conclusion
Insects play many important roles in nature. They aid bacteria, fungi,
and other organisms I’m the decomposition of organic matter and in Soll
formation. The decay of carrion, for example, brought about mainly by
bacteria, is accelerated by the maggots of flesh files and blowflies. The
activities of these larvae, which distribute and consume bacteria, are
followed by these of moths and beetles, which break down hair and
feathers. nests and flowers have evolved together. Many plants depend
on insects for pollination. Some insed are predators of others
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Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect
Common (Vernacular) Names of Insects | SpringerLink
Common (Vernacular) Names of Insects | SpringerLink
de Vries T and Lakes-Harlan R. 2006. Prenatal cannibalism
in an insect. Naturwissenschaften, 94.

Kang Y, Rodriguez-Rodriguez M and Evilsizor S. 2014.

Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of two-stage
models of social insects with egg cannibalism. Journal of
Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 430.

Lelito JP and Brown WD. 2006. Complicity or Conflict over

Sexual Cannibalism? Male Risk Taking in the Praying
Mantis Tenodera ariifolia sinensis. The American
Naturalist, 168.