PRACTICE TEST 1

1. Democracy died after a period of (cease) wars, imperial expansion abroad,

and the rise of demagoguery at home.

incessant/ceaseless: triền miên, không dứt

2. The consequences of (compel) gambling are comparable to those of any

other addictive disease and are not simply those of financial loss.

compulsive: có tính ép buộc

3. The prison service has the twin goals of punishment and (habit).

rehabilitation: sự phục hồi

1
4. The first (conceive) is that legal study at university is exclusively for
students who intend becoming solicitors or advocates.

misconception: sự hiểu sai

5. Too late, she remembered the (settle) effect such comments would have on
Johnny.

unsettling: đáng lo

6. Some economists are now predicting the danger of (run) inflation.

runaway: xảy ra rất nhanh

7. The (narrate) in this book plays second fiddle to the excellent photographs.

narrative: câu chuyện

8. They were now faced with seemingly (mount) technical problems.

insurmountable: không thể vượt qua

9. When you come down on him too hard, you may only intensify his own
(critic)

self-criticism: tự phê bình

10. Your speech should not have been (lace) with these facts beside the point.

interlaced: trộn lẫn

11. Their views lie outside the (stream) of current medical opinion.

mainstream: xu hướng

12. The teachers are fair and avoid (favour) and scapegoating.

favouritism: sự thiên vị

13. She has become (mesh) in a tangle of drugs and petty

crime. enmeshed: vướng vào

14. Do not set your goals too high or else you will always be failing and there is nothing
more (moral).
demoralising: làm nản lòng

15. The demise of the industry has caused (tell) misery to thousands of hard-
working tradesmen.

untold: đáng kể

16. Attracting the banks are the (surge) economy and reforms that have opened
up industries to foreign capital.

resurgent: hồi sinh

17. The ordinary reader is impressed by the tone and manner of publication, and the
words chosen to (head) a story.

headline: đặt tiêu đề

18. At all events, it was this group of the (possess) that gave the first successful
impetus to the Revolution.

dispossessed: nghèo

19. (prey) pricing by large supermarkets was threatening the livelihood of

smaller businesses.

predatory pricing: chính sách hạ giá để tiêu diệt đối thủ

20. He is a (voice) critic of the president's stance on

abortion. vociferous: mạnh mẽ

21. She made several (par) remarks about the manager she dislikes.

disparaging: làm mất danh dự

22. As women we tend to be (face) and make light of what we have achieved.

self-effacing: khiêm tốn

23. GEW lamp dimming promise uptime at least 1500 hours, raised productivity and
reduces (time).

downtime: thời gian chết của máy móc

24. Would you mind if I took one of the pictures as a (keep)?

keepsake: vật lưu niệm

25. Mania usually alternates with depression, to form a (pole)

disorder. bipolar (disorder): bệnh trầm cảm

26. This was too we a (hole) for the tax planners: no wonder inheritance tax is
called a voluntary tax.

loophole: kẽ hở

27. The teacher said that he found it difficult to cope with a class of (affect)
teenagers.

disaffected: bất bình

28. He is (fail) polite and tries desperately to understand other people's views.

unfailingly: luôn luôn

29. The court (turn) that decision on the grounds that the Prosecution had
withheld crucial evidence.

overturned: lật đổ

30. Some of these statements are misleading and some downright (amend).

mendacious: sai sự thật

31. The state (fast) refused to settle this matter at any time.

steadfastly: kiên quyết

32. What is illustrated by these photographs is as much the culture of shamelessness as

the reigning admiration for (apology) brutality.

unapologetic: không biết hối lỗi

33. The judge found that in her case there were (mitigate)

circumstances. mitigating: làm dịu bớt

34. He impressed his audience by the (profound) of his knowledge.

profundity: sự uyên thâm

35. The causes of social (stress) include inadequate

housing. distress: cảnh khốn cùng

36. He was in the (envy) position of having to choose between imprisonment

or exile.

unenviable: không mong muốn

37. He was (capacity) by old age and sickness.

incapacitated: suy yếu

38. The bank is (solve) and will be unable to live up to its obligations.

insolvent: vỡ nợ

39. Natalie considered herself very (virtue) because she neither drank nor
smoked.

virtuous: có đạo đức tốt

40. Their refusal to (tail) spending plans and to increase the burden on poll tax
payers is expected.

curtail: cắt giảm

41. Rather than a benevolent "socialist" super power China, whose population is made up
over 90% Han Chinese, will (stride) the world as a racially homogeneous, and
communalistic "Middle Kingdom”.

bestride: bắc ngang qua

42. Broadly speaking, on-line shopping experiences can be categorized into two distinct
dimensions: (use) and hedonic value.

utilitarian: thực dụng

43. It encouraged experimenters to propose (beat) or novel approaches to

problems.

offbeat: khác thường

44. It's a bustling (eat) where the fishy fare is served in cones of butcher's
paper.
eatery: quán ăn

45. Several spoke out against the harshly (right) tone of the original motion.

self-righteous: tự cho là đúng

46. Elections are essential for the (sustain) of parliamentary democracy.

sustenance: sự tồn tại

47. (similar) is consequently difficult, particularly as the minority groups

experience considerable hostility.

Assimilation: sự đồng hóa

48. Growth and (mature) of vascular plants are often controlled by light,
usually in conjunction with temperature.

maturation: sự lớn lên

49. The practice of meditation and (temple) is life-long, reflecting this daily
process of repentance and change at heart.

contemplation: sự suy ngẫm

50. The new policy only serves to (accent) the inadequacy of provision for the
homeless.

accentuate: nhấn mạnh

51. Pressure was applied with cool precision: women had discovered that to
(step) male dominance was to avoid destructive rage.

sidestep: tránh

52. I found your book absolutely (thrall)!

enthralling: làm say mê

53. Listen to both sides and you will be (light), heed only one side and you will
be (night).

enlighted – benighted: làm sáng tỏ-nông cạn

54. Bertha, exaggerating the seriousness of the affair, thought it (charlatan) to
undertake a post without knowledge and without capacity.

charlatanry: lừa đảo, giả dối

55. I write this down (verb), for much the same reason I took notes in college.

verbatim: đúng nguyên văn

56. She came to the party wearing a(n) (land) costume and blond wig.

outlandish: nổi bật

57. Opposition leaders said they would try to stage nationwide protests, but previous
opposition rallies have met only (warm) support.

lukewarm: lãnh đạm, thờ ơ

58. She gave me some friendly advice without a trace of (descend).

condescension: sự hạ mình

59. It's that (patron) tone of hers that I can't bear.

patronizing: ra vẻ bề trên

60. And then, to the audience's (mystic), the band suddenly stopped playing.

mystification: sự bối rối

61. The (conspire) of the assissination of the president was brought to light in
time.

conspiracy: âm mưu

62. The report is critical of attempts by (official) to deal with the problem of
homelessness.

officialdom: giới viên chức

63. The system of counties was essential to Frankish government, and a count could
wield considerable power, particularly in (far) regions.

far-flung: xa xôi
64. Jaubert had been a reasonable man to work for, had never asked her to do anything
illegal or (taste)

distasteful: không vừa ý

65. Darwin's theory of evolution was a(n) (shed) dividing the old way of
thinking from the new.

watershed: bước ngoặt

66. I can find just enough re-run of quality programmes to prevent myself from falling
into utter despair and pining for the good old days of (year).

yesteryear: trước đây

67. If he resigned it would be (amount) to admitting that he was guilty.

tantamount: tương đương với

68. For twenty-five years he (pain) amassed evidence to support his

hypothesis.

painstakingly: chịu khó

69. He felt out of place, a(n) (conform) in a society where conformity was
highly prized.

nonconformist: người không theo khuôn phép

70. She unveiled the picture with a(n) (ceremony) gesture.

ceremonious: trịnh trọng

71. Travellers may be (inquire) about the world, but they also travel to make
discoveries about themselves.

inquisitive: tò mò

72. Both Hathor and her potential victims became (exceed) drunk and merry,
so she failed at her task.

exceedingly: dư

73. Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its (front) tactics and
its implacable opposition to abortion under all circumstances.
confrontational: đương đầu

74. A(n) (face) approach to sustainable construction is required for use by

policy - makers, practitioners and civil society.

multi-faceted: nhiều phương diện

75. Wage control is the (corner) of the government's economic policy.

cornerstone: cơ sở

76. She's (fail) cheerful no matter what the circumstances.

unfailingly: luôn luôn

77. Instead of just (moan) your fate, why not do something to change it?

bemoaning: than phiền

78. For users, they are still expensive (add) features and come with their own
set of integration problems.

add-on: thêm vào

79. Foreign observers also accused the authorities of widespread (practice).

malpractice: hành vi bất chính

80. (type) images of women are used to legitimise male dominance.

Stereotypical: rập khuôn

81. It will (legal) sex - far from helping girls resist pressure, it will help boys
bully girls into sex.

legitimate: hợp pháp hóa

82. Mongolia, although poor, has considerable (tap) resources of oil and
minerals.

untapped: chưa khai thác

83. Towards the end of the (infant) period the child is becoming more
perspicacious.

infantile: còn trẻ con

84. It would be (ingenuity) on our part to pretend ignorance of our book's
impact, both in sales and controversy.

disingenuous: gian xảo

85. I think I must have known (conscience) that something was going on
between them.

subconsiously: tiềm thức

86. If evolution has (wire) into us a belief that there are objective moral
obligations, then we will believe that there are.

hard-wired: ăn sâu vào

87. You want clothes that are stylish as well as practical, versatile, (task) and
low maintenance.

multitasking: nhiều công việc

88. His failures (line) the difference between theatre and film

direction. underline: nhấn mạnh

89. In other words, subcultural cleavage has attenuated and cultural

(homogeneous) has extended from structural orientation into policy orientation.

homogeneity: tính đồng nhất

90. As the inspector and others came in, she regarded them (disdain),
seemingly unconcerned about her capture.

disdainfully: miệt thị

91. The concert hall itself reminds one (play) of reproduction art deco and is
also acoustically first-class and adaptable.

playfully: khôi hài

92. She didn't want to confront the (escape) fact that she would have to sell the
house.

inescapable: không thể tránh khỏi

93. He made a fortune buying (run) houses and fixing them up to sell.
run-down: đổ nát

94. Business schools, who currently dominate entrepreneurship teaching and research,
(compartment) knowledge into functional boxes.

compartmentalise: phân chia

95. Idealism was deeply (credit) by the failure to prevent the outbreak of the
Second World War.

discredited: làm mất uy tín

96. We will reform principal local councils into a(n) (unit) system based on
natural communities and the wishes of local people.

unitary: thống nhất

97. Since (regulate), banks are permitted to set their own interest rates.

deregulation: sự bãi bỏ qui định

98. These years witnessed the (integrate) and destruction of the English
peasantry.

disintegration: sự tan rã

99. This was really a(n) (whim) thought, and I reproved myself often for the
simplicity of it.

whimsical: kì dị

100. There seems to be a(n ) (satisfy) demand for more powerful computers.

insatiable: không thỏa mãn được

PRACTICE TEST 2

1. A portion of the proceeds will be for providing school fees for poor children
for the coming academic year. (mark)

earmarked: dành riêng

2. The administration ropes in all educational institutions, government offices, public

sector and universities for the purpose of mobilising funds. (take)
undertakings: việc kinh doanh

3. Contraception is less or affordable in South America.

(cure) procurable: có thể đạt được

4. Both toxic and potentials are properties of all drugs. (cure)

curative: chữa bệnh

5. While learning has changed for students in this new century, we are by the
boundless opportunity presented in our lifetime. (bold)

emboldened: khuyến khích

6. It does not become an economic but it does become a ‘newly industrialized

country’, like Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea. (power)

economic superpower: siêu cường kinh tế

7. We believe that the most effective enforcement tool is self-policing and

(strain).

self-restraint: tự kìm chế

8. It is possible to humanely raise and slaughter a variety of food animals, including

poultry and beef cattle. (range)

free-range: nuôi tự nhiên

9. Most of this feature includes behind-the-scenes video of the crew working

and goofing off. (foot)

footage: cảnh phim

10. Together they forged a(n) intellectual climate that has profoundly shaped
my career. (vigor)

invigorating: tiếp thêm sinh lực

11. We will investigate the tradeoffs among data , data hiding capacity, and
probabilities of extraction errors in different applications. (perceive)

imperceptibility: không thể thấy

12. This is a(n) thriller that promises to deliver. (page)

page – turning: thú vị

13. Death, from this perspective, seems unproblematically universal, a simple, irreducible
fact of our nature, the same across all societies and throughout time (yield)

unyieldingly: không thay đổi

14. Of course there is a(n) between such advantages of large cells and the
disadvantages of slower cell multiplication. (trade)

trade – off : sự kết hợp, đan xen

15. Today we look at claims that in Queensland, the regime that looks after the most
vulnerable people, the infirm elderly, and adults, is failing. (capacity).

incapacitated: bị làm mất sức lao động

16. Scholars have tried to make a case for , competitiveness, and selfishness as
innate human trait. (acquire)

acquisitiveness: sự thu lợi

17. The judge ruled that Newman's comments were not a(n) offense. (act)

actionable: có thể kiện

18. She was a very selfish, bad-tempered little girl. (agree)

disagreeable: khó chịu

19. Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical
(antique).

antiquity: đồ cổ:

20. He claims that the laws are and have no contemporary relevance. (antique)

antiquated: không hợp thời

21. I fretted and sweated as they stalked in and stared around with that ,
accusatory look of all cops everywhere. (approve)

disapproving: tỏ ý không tán thành

22. A good teacher can encourage creativity. (art)

artistic: nghệ thuật

23. She's and knows how to get round her parents. (art)

artful: xảo quyệt

24. Most or totalitarian regimes are nonconstitutional. (authority)

authoritarian: độc đoán

25. One encouraging feature of period-instrument performances in recent decades has

been a growing concern with reliable and editions. (authority)

authoritative: hoàn chỉnh, đáng tin cậy (thông tin)

26. It is essential that there is a(n) (author) use of the confidential information.

unauthorised: trái phép

27. He thought back to the days of his childhood. (care)

carefree: vô tư, thảnh thơi

28. They gave him a(n) assurance that he would not be hurt.(category)

categorical: dứt khoát

29. They are taking measures to safeguard their forces from the effects of
chemical weapons. (caution)

precautionary: để phòng ngừa

30. Their greetings did not seem heartfelt. (ceremony)

ceremonious: kiểu cách

31. The full costume is only worn on important occasions. (ceremony)

ceremonial: trang trọng

32. Utilitarian notions in the social sciences are not enough for even providing a(n)
framework for grasping what actually happens. (concept)

conceptual: dựa trên khái niệm

33. It once seemed to everyone that men should travel to the moon. (conceive)

inconceivable: khó tin

34. The procedure is in strict with standard international practices.(conform)

in conformity with: tuân theo

35. The present economic policy is of the earlier one. (continue)

a(n) continuation: sự kế tiếp

36. An historical awareness also imparts a sense (continue).

of continuity: tính liên tục

37. Last month's elections saw a in power of the country's socialist party.
(continue)

continuance: sự kéo dài

38. It's very to find out that your own team members have been lying to you.
(courage)

discouraging: mất tinh thần

39. Do you believe in the powers of the local mineral water? (cure)

curative: chữa bệnh

40. She has an artist's eye. (discriminate)

discriminating: sáng suốt

41. The government enacted laws to protect women from employment practices
(discriminate)

discriminatory: có sự phân biệt đối xử

42. Maria loved both the children. There was never a hint of (favour)

favouritism: sự thiên vị

43. They often are involved in the hiring and dismissal of employees but generally have
no role in the of personnel policy. (form)
formulation: sự soạn thảo

44. An agreement on the of a new government was reached on June 6. (form)

formation: sự thành lập

45. There are people who want to you and grind you down. (humble)

humiliate: làm bẽ mặt

46. The discussions reached a new level of and by lunchtime the exchanges
were becoming very heated. (intense)

intensity: sự dữ dội, mãnh liệt

47. and specialization in agriculture, especially in the vineyards, gave rise to

commercial exchange and opportunity for profit and saving. (intense)

Intensification: Sự đẩy mạnh

48. Areas near the frontier were rough and in the old days. (law)

lawless: vô trật tự

49. It is for a teacher to inflict corporal punishment on pupils. (law)

unlawful: trái pháp luật

50. The relation of politics and economy is a of historical gradual progress.

(master)

masterstroke: kì công

51. A builder from South London, McAvoy was the of the robbery (master)

mastermind: người vạch kế hoạch

52. Photographs and that cover the walls and fill several display cases
chronicle the foods this area is famous for. (memory)

memorabilia: những việc đáng ghi nhớ, vật kỉ niệm

53. The three countries have signed a(n) pledging to work together. (memory)

memorandum: bản ghi nhớ

54. Olympic gold medalist Ekaterina Gordeeva is writing a(n) about her life
with Sergei Grinkov, her late husband and figure-skating partner.(memory)

memoir: nhật kí

55. Her first defeat was an early lesson in (humble).

humility: sự khiêm tốn

56. They cannot forget the they suffered at the hands of their oppressors.
(humble).

humiliation: sự bẽ mặt

57. Sales have slowed down quite (mark).

markedly: rõ rệt

58. To the untrained eye, the two flowers look similar. (mark)

remarkably: đáng chú ý, nổi bật

59. Always check the before you buy a secondhand car (mile)

mileage: đồng hồ đo quãng đường di chuyển

60. The invention of the wheel was a(n) in the history of the world. (mile)

milestone: cột mốc quan trọng

61. One lapse in concentration could prove fatal. (moment)

momentary: chốc lát, nhất thời

62. It was in Glasgow, however, that many events were taking place. (moment)

momentous: quan trọng

63. Guy was greedy, , obsessed with power and self-gratification.

(moral) amoral: không theo nguyên tắc

64. Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and (moral)

immoral: vô đạo đức

65. Since their interest in the past was primarily , precise knowledge of actual
events and when they happened was not required. (moral)

moralistic: khắc khe về mặt đạo đức

66. A couple of victories would improve the team's enormously. (moral)

morale: tinh thần

67. You become when things are not going your way and you can't really see a
way out of it. (moral)

demoralised: bị suy thoái về đạo đức

68. To the audience's , the band suddenly stopped playing. (mystical)

mystification: sự bối rối

69. Electric-powered cars are still something of a(n) (novel)

novelty: sự mới lạ

70. Comparisons are simpler to make when data is presented in diagrammatic

form and conclusions are easier to draw from it. (number)

numerical: bằng số

71. pictures have been deemed to contribute to a hostile environment (object)

Objectionable: có thể bị phản đối

72. Personal disinterest in a programme content will help your in assessing its
potential for your public relations purposes. (object)

objectivity: tính khách quan

73. To say that the (observe) of this custom or law is sacrilegious or illicit must
be regarded as (error).

observance – erroneous: sự tuân thủ-sai lầm

74. Recent developments in biology have made it possible to acquire more and more
precise information concerning our genetic . Scientists can even today identify
a number of genetic disorders that may cause illness and disease. (make)
genetic make-up: cấu tạo gen

75. Since 1990 the price of sugar has tended to fluctuate more wildly than any of the
other four commodity groups, and has almost been the most expensive relative
to 2002-2004 prices. (vary)

invariably: luôn luôn

76. A dozen international poverty and development organizations published a report last
week on the impact of building new coal power plants in countries where a large
percentage of the population lacks access to electricity. The report’s conclusions are
strikingly : on the whole, building coal power plants does little to help the poor,
and often it can actually make them poorer. (intuition)

counter-intuitive: khác thường

77. The scandal surely the end of his political career. (sign)

signals/signalled: báo hiệu

78. He gained for being difficult to work with as an actor. (notorious)

notoriety: tai tiếng

79. Tre Transformer is quite intriguing. It is one of the best movies of the year.
(doubt)

undoubtedly: chắc chắn

80. Her hip has been for quite a while, and she'll probably need surgery on it.
(trouble)

troublesome: phiền

81. Her latest novel is a(n) thriller, set some time in the late 21st century.
(future)

futuristic: hiện đại

82. The new policy only serves to the inadequacy of help for the homeless.
(accent)

accentuate: nhấn mạnh

83. Successful candidates will be required to an induction programme. (take)

undertake: đảm nhận

84. Radio 4 also announced a new of Primo Levi’s short story collection The
Periodic Table, starring Henry Goodman and introduced by Janet Suzman, to be
broadcast in 12 episodes of varying lengths this spring. (drama)

dramatisation: sự chuyển thành kịch

85. In the UK, the ratio of people of working age to people over 65 could fall from 3.7 to
1 in 1999 to 2.1 to 1 in 2040. This suggests a very big increase in the ratio and
is consequently a cause for concern because with current spending pension commitments,
it will place a higher burden on the shrinking working population. (depend)

dependency ratio: tỷ lệ phụ thuộc

86. The UK government has already made tentative steps to raise the retirement age and
increase the role of private sector pensions. These policies will make an ageing
population more (manage).

manageable: dễ quản lí

87. Ian Darkin of One Traveller, which specialises in offering holidays for mature single
travellers, says: “The new generation of (retire) aren’t sitting at home knitting.
Their keenness to experience other countries and cultures is (diminish) with
age.”

retirees – undiminished: người nghỉ hưu-không giảm bớt

88. The UN Security Council unanimously adopted a(n) calling for a halt to
hostilities. (solve)

resolution: sự kiên quyết

89. Environmental degradation is (character) as any change or aggravation to

nature’s turf seen to be pernicious or (desire).

characterized – undesirable: có đặc điểm-gây khó chịu, không mong muốn

90. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction describes
environmental degradation as the of the limit of the earth to meet social and
environmental destinations, and needs (less).
lessening: sự giảm đi

91. Humans have destroyed a tenth of Earth’s remaining in the last 25 years
and there may be none left within a century if trends continue, according to an
authoritative new study. (wild)

wilderness: vùng hoang dã

92. Technology has been lauded as a way to free up time for us, yet the reality of an all-
consuming medium often does the reverse. New innovations bring with them a host of
consequences, ranging from the troubling to the downright depressing. Social
media makes us lonely. Too much screen-time makes teenagers fall behind their peers.
And at the more feeble end of the spectrum, many of us have walked into an obstacle
while texting. (intend)

unintended: không được dự tính trước

93. Zombies are archetypal monsters from the bottom of the uncanny valley, with their
dead eyes and faces (express).

expressionless: không biểu cảm

94. The terrible scenes were indelibly on his mind (print).

imprinted: in dấu ấn

95. Phyllis Schlafly, the conservative activist who helped defeat the Equal
Rights Amendment in the 1970s, has died. (speak)

outspoken: thẳng thắn

96. The results poor hygiene as one cause of the outbreak. (imply)

implicate: cho thấy

97. The country’s economic crisis had a(n) effect on world markets. (settle)

unsettling: đáng lo

98. The piece, which had been affected by centuries of and grime, was
brought back its former glory by seven conservators from the museum's Hamilton Kerr
Institute. (colour)

discolouration: sự bạc màu

99. The company has established total over its rivals. (supreme)

supremacy: ưu thế tối cao

100 Despite fighting between the government and SPLA rebels, citizens will be allowed
(hinder) access to humanitarian aid via "tranquility corrid.

unhindered: không bị cản trở

 PRACTICE TEST 3

1. With increasing numbers of people choosing to teach English as a foreign language,

the need to gain a(n) (credit) qualification has never been more important.

accredited: được công nhận

2. A campaign is calling for the reversal of a decision to scrap A-level archaeology -

saying it would cause (revoke) harm to the development of future
archaeologists.

irrevocable: không thể thay đổi

3. Sir Adrian was a true gentleman. He was (fail) polite to everyone he met
within the business and was on first name terms with many of them, regardless of where
they worked.

unfailingly: luôn luôn

4. An eight-month inquiry by the all party group on (mind) found frontline

public servants could be less likely to fall ill with stress, or quit altogether, if they engage
in the increasingly popular meditation practice.

mindfulness: chánh niệm

5. (absent) is an issue of growing concern among employers in the UK owing

to changing legislation, but there is virtually no robust data on its direct or indirect costs.

Absenteeism: sự vắng mặt không có lí do chính đáng

6. A decision to allow (hear) evidence in disciplinary proceedings against a

doctor linked to child abuse claims was (law).

hearsay – unlawful: tin đồn-bất hợp pháp

7. Slavoj Žižek was born in communist Yugoslavia in 1949, and received a thorough
grounding in Marxism and the principles of (dialect) materialism.

dialectical: biện chứng

8. Can you make up a(n) (four) for tennis tomorrow?

foursome: đấu cặp

9. These wonderful books (capsule) moments in history in truly unforgettable

ways .

encapsulate: tóm lược

10. Proposals to protect the right of mentally (capacity) people to be involved

in important decisions about their life have been published by the government.

incapacitated: bị làm mất sức lao động

11. Authorities in the US state of Michigan have charged a taxi driver with six counts of
murder after he went on a random shooting spree on Saturday. Jason Brian Dalton, 45,
remained (express) as the charges were read in court on Monday.

expressionless: không biểu cảm

12. Around 40% of jobseekers have been without work for more than one year, the report
says, running "significant risks of (moral), loss of self-esteem and mental
health problems"

demoralization: sự làm mất tinh thần

13. A former migrant has returned home to Senegal after becoming (heart) with
life as an illegal migrant in Spain. After six years, Babacar Dialor Faye never got his
legal documents and had to live on (hand) from the Red Cross.

disheartened – handouts: nản lòng-sự cứu trợ

14. Kids have become (sense) to violence. Someone's been shot, and kids are
playing up and down the streets on their bikes, because they're used to seeing it and that's
also what you see in a war zone.

desensitized: bớt nhạy cảm

15. Parents often favour one child over another and, at its worst, parental
(favour) can be one of the most profound and damaging emotional dynamics a child ever
encounters. It can affect the rest of their lives.

favouritism: sự thiên vị
16. When Emma was widowed in 1879, she decided to leave her home in Koblenz,
Germany, to start (new) in Glasgow, and settled in the city by 1881.

anew: từ đầu

17. Anti-terrorism police patrol units are to be introduced across London boroughs. This
tactic was endorsed by Lord Harris in his review of London's (prepare) for a
terror attack, commissioned by the mayor.

preparedness: sự chuẩn bị sẵn sàng

18. Reports of memory loss with long-term cannabis use are nothing new, and an
influential paper published last year provided evidence that smoking marijuana has a(n)
(delete) effect on

intelligence. deleterious: có hại

19. THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis and

is what causes the subjective "high". This includes changes in (perceive)
sensations, a feeling of (content) and increased appetite .

perceptual – contentment: thuộc giác quan-sự thỏa mãn

20. Cyanide (toxic) is experienced by humans at doses of around 0.5–3.5

milligrams per kilogram of body weight .

toxicity: tính độc

21. She has become increasingly (opinion) and verbalises her opinions
forcefully without any insight into their effect on others.

opinionated: bảo thủ, ngoan cố

23. who want to fund the restoration of a derelict arts centre in Cheltenham
have pleaded with other bidders to let it become community-run (benefit)

Benefactors: nhà hảo tâm

24. He was a bad influence on the child, who was at a(n) (impress) age.

inpressionable: dễ bị ảnh hưởng

25. Membership talks were launched in 2005, but progress has been slow, as several EU
states have serious about Turkish EU membership. (give)
misgivings: mối nghi ngại

26. He has such great power and yet talked with such (humble). There aren’t
many people in politics who are as charismatic as President Obama.

humility: sự khiêm nhường

27. For many people Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the most influential figure in
the history of western classical music. His extraordinary talent was already clearly
evident as a young man, (mercy) surviving a somewhat unconventional
upbringing during which his eccentric father would often force him to take music lessons
in the middle of the night.

mercifully: 1 cách nhân từ, một cách may mắn

28. How often have you seen rich people take to the stress, shouting that they are earning
too much? Protesters are typically blue-collar workers yelling that the minimum page has
to go up, or that their jobs should not go overseas. Concern about (fair) is
always (symmetry), stronger in the poor than the rich. And the (lie)
emotions are not as (loft) as the ideal itself. Children become
thoroughly (indignation) as the slightest discrepancy in, say, the size of their
slice of pizza compared to their sibling’s.

fairness: sự công bằng, asymmetrical: không đều nhau, underlying: cơ sở, cơ bản, lofty:
kiêu kỳ, indignant: căm phẫn

29. Many teachers expressed serious (give) about the new tests.

misgivings: mối lo ngại

30. The price of property in the city is (prohibit)

prohibitive: đắt đỏ

31. is an economic theory which states that a progressively greater level of

consumption is beneficial to the consumers. (consume)

consumerism: chủ nghĩa tiêu dùng

32. If your credit card debt is mounting and yet you can't stop spending, you could be a
(shop).

shopaholic: nghiện mua sắm

33. The number of people suffering from shopping addiction has . (TAKE) the
number of drug and drink addicts combined.

overtaken: vượt

34. Everyone has heard of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; few of his son Franz Xaver. A
new CD collection (title) The Other Mozart celebrates Franz's music - in all its
haunting, (melancholy) innocence. The 27 songs are brief slivers of ideas,
(develop) shadows of what might have been, reaching a beautiful fulfillment in
the later works. But it is clear that the music never reaches the heights of his genius
father. Franz was the youngest of Mozart's children, and his mother's hopes and ambitions
focused on him following the (mature) death of his father. The very best
teachers were automatically available to Franz's, who made his public debut as a singer,
aged five. The songs bring to light Franz's . (piano) accomplishments; the piano
parts are extremely demanding. The songs hint at Franz's love for a woman; they speak
time and again of unattainable love and (fulfil) longing.

(realist), however, the fact remains that this music, had it been written by a
composure of any other name, would probably have remained buried in the archives.

entitled: cho quyền, melancholic: u buồn, underdeveloped: chưa phát triển hoàn toàn,
premature: sớm, pianistic: thuộc về piano, unfulfilled: không thành, realistically: thực tế
là

35. The region has several medium-sized towns and cities, but no major
(urban)

conurbation: khu thành phố

36. When you're on a cross-country flight, it's tough to tolerate the crying of a
baby. (cease)

incessant: không dứt

37. Our mind registers things which our conscious mind is not aware of.
(conscious)

subconscious: tiềm thức

38. They were now faced with seemingly technical problems (mount).

insurmountable: không thể vượt qua

39. The report should distinguish clearly between fact, firm opinion and mere
speculation (dispute)

indisputable: không thể chối cãi

40. They have become , with both sides refusing to compromise any further.
(reconcile)

irreconcilable: không thể giảng hòa

41. Finland’s metalworkers' union chief Riku Aalto has criticised government proposals
to alter nationwide labour conditions as and unprofessional (amateur).

amateurish: nghiệp dư

42. His interpretation of the figures is far too (simple)

simplistic: đơn giản

43. The organization insists that it is and does not identify with any one
particular party (politics)

apolitical: phi chính trị

44. The new regulations will be for small businesses. (burden)

burdensome: phiền toái

45 Solon replies that birds like peacocks are in their beauty. (compare)

incomparable: vô song

46. It is to generalize from the results of a single experiment. (advise)

inadvisable: không nên

47. Try not to to criticism (react)

overreact: phản ứng quá mạnh mẽ

48. He was confused and and I didn't get much sense out of him. (cohere)

incoherent: không mạch lạc

49. Gradually she began to notice one or two little in his character. (perfect)
imperfections: sự không hoàn hảo

50. They’re concerned about the of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. (build)

buildup: sự tích tụ

51. Karen has always felt by her famous elder sister. (shadow)

overshadowed: bị làm lu mờ

52. An increasing number of tests are available for detecting foetal (normal).

abnormalities: sự bất bình thường

53. He is currently standing trial for alleged (practice)

malpractices: hành động phi pháp

54. All points on a circle are (distant) from the centre.

equidistant: khoảng cách bằng nhau

55. The worsening situation forced the company to (size) from 39 employees
to 7.

downsize: cắt giảm

56. The new version of the program comes with a much better user (face).

interface: giao diện

57. Who will be the main of the cuts in income tax? (benefit)

beneficiary: người được hưởng lợi

58. The parents showed remarkable (bear) toward their defiant and unruly son.

forbearance: sự chịu đựng, rộng lượng

59. A(n) (mean/menace) has been committed but the offender has not been
caught.

misdemeanour: tội nhẹ

60. I keep getting (contrary) advice - some people tell me to keep it warm and
some tell me to put ice on it.
contradictory: mâu thuẫn

61. He gazed at her with (smell) eyes, wishing she wasn't married.

smouldering/smoldering: âm ỉ

62. He had a(n) (rival) knowledge of south Arabian society, religion, law and
customs.

unrivalled: không gì sánh được

63. The ship is an exact (reply) of the original Golden Hind.

replica: bản sao

64. (provide) and expression as well as musical accompaniment of the

exercises plays a central role in the training programme of the Medau-Schule.

Improvisation: sự ứng biến

65. Ariadne herself personifies the passively courageous, endlessly (resource),

and (love) restorative element in every psyche.

resourceful – lovingly: tháo vát-yêu thương, âu yếm

66. (brain) on creative tasks has been a major activity in the advertising
business where it began in the 1930s.

Brainstorming: ý kiến bất chợt

67. Abuses of the investigative process may (perceive) lead to abridgment of

protected freedoms

imperceptibly: không thể nhận thấy

68. Their contributions to science have earned them (last) place in history.
a(n) everlasting: vĩnh viễn
69. She appeared on television to make a(n) (passion) plea for help.

impassioned: mãnh liệt, dữ dội

70. No one will raise moral psychology of the question of obesity, for fear of sounding
(passion) and (reaction).
uncompassionate – reactionary: tàn nhẫn-phản động

71. We should take a more (passion) view and consider the long-term effects
of Briant's work.

dispassionate: không thiên vị

72. The solutions (compass) a wide range of options to suit all tastes and
pockets.

encompass: xoay quanh

73. He was known to be a loud-mouthed, (opinion) bigot.

opinionated: ngoan cố, khăng khăng giữ ý kiến của mình

74. The aim of the report is to (lucid) the main points of the new regulations.

elucidate: làm sáng tỏ

75. Some things are (alien) true: Water is wet, gra is green (kind of), dogs bark
and houses prices rise

inalienably: không thể thay đổi

76. Jack tried to (one) for his rudeness by sending her some flowers.

atone: chuộc lỗi

77. By 1980 the Republican Party platform had become antiabortion; and a president who
pledged to (law) abortion altogether had been elected.

outlaw: cấm

78. Tootle seems to be essentially a(n) (caution) tale, warning the child to stay
on the narrow road of virtue.

cautionary: để cảnh báo

79. The country's great influence in the world is (proportion) to its relatively
small size.

disproportionate: thiếu cân đối

80. In the US, a school (intend) is in charge of the schools in a particular area.
superintendent: giám thị

81. The demonstrators (brand) banners and shouted slogans.

brandished: nói một loạt

82. He has a(n) (can) knack of being able to see immediately where the
problem lies.

uncanny: phi thường, kì lạ

83. Mick was stubborn and (dominate) with a very bad temper.

domineering: độc đoán, hốc hách

84. My profession had an important influence in the formation of my character and

(temper).

temperament: tính khí

85. The final whistle was greeted with (triumph) cheers from players and
spectators.

triumphant:chiến thắng, vui mừng

86. She has never traced back her (line), but believes her grandparents were
from Aberdeenshire.

lineage: dòng dõi

87. She was a devout Catholic and, so far as I am aware, (assail/salient)

morally.

unassailable: không thể đánh đổ

88. In the field of (diet), standards of practice have been developed for
practitioners in the field.

dietetics: dinh dưỡng

89. I am afraid I have quite a(n) (incline) to retire on a pension.

disinclination: sự không thích

90. A(n) (reach) and comprehensive strategy, carefully integrated with broader
plans for health care reform, is required.

far-reaching: có ảnh hưởng sâu rộng

91. They're making efforts to streamline their normally (cumber) bureaucracy.

cumbersome: phức tạp

92. Trading can be characterized as a pure, (cumber) personal choice with an

immediate outcome.

unencumbered: không lúng túng

93. He's (centre), (manipulate), insensitive; classic signs of a

personality problem.

self-centred – manipulative: ích kỉ-áp đặt

94. Sometimes a sympathetic friend can be a constant source of discouragement, all

(know).

unknowingly: vô tình

95. Some say he was reborn as an undead god, others that he was simply a(n)
spirit.

disembodied: tách rời thể xác

96. This book is about people who claim to have (normal) abilities such as ESP
and mind-reading.

paranormal: bất bình thường

97. The refugees slept in (shift) tents at the side of the road.

makeshift: tạm thời

98. The inheritance of (mode) company structures from the past, reinforced by
further concentration, produced very rigid company organisation.

outmoded: lỗi thời

99. In the (mingle) of news and commercials we have a struggle of sorts

between two different orientations.
intermingling: trộn lẫn

100. Two hijackers used fake explosives to (command) the airliner.

commandeer: kiểm soát

PRACTICE TEST 4

A. There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. Such is the pressure
heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence by their parents that these
1 (real) expectations are causing children to become hopelessly depressed. Indeed,
some, in their 2 (despair) to escape and their sense of guilt at being
unable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their 3 (push) parents,
either rebel in what is 4 (amount) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage in 5
(harm). It is no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially amongst young males,
have been rising steadily for some time now. These are tough times to be a teen.

Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the 6 (virtue) world
becomes their reality. For these teens, their social circle shrinks 7 (drama) until,
at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their online 8 (bud). Not alone
do they commonly suffer from sleep 9 (private) on account of their destructive
addiction to game play and net-surfing, their behaviour may become so 10 (err)
and peculiar over time as to be considered 11 (social) . And while they sit at their
computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world, such is the lack
of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for them to
maintain a stable weight. In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their weight
12 (rocket) until such time as they become morbidly obese.

1. unrealistic : phi thực tế 2. desperation: sự tuyệt vọng 3. pushy: thúc ép

4. tantamount: tương đương với 5. self-harm: tự làm hại bản thân 6. virtual: ảo

7. dramatically 8. buddies: bạn 9. deprivation: sự tước đoạt

10. erractic: thất thường 11. antisocial : khó gần gũi 12. skyrockets: tăng mạnh

B. The standard of television programming produced in this country is in terminal

decline. The 1 (shed) has become a meaningless term confined in its 2
(apply) to 3 (go) days when adult content felt the full force of censorship and
was not allowed to appear on the box until after 9:00 p.m. Nowadays, however, it seems
anything goes any time. And, truth told, whatever anything is, it seldom 'goes' for much
longer than a half hour or so at any rate before it is interrupted by a commercial break.
And don't even get me started on those appalling 4 (inform) most of the
networks run right the way through the night, one after another, for up to thirty minutes at
a time. lt is truly painful. Terrestrial television is now, as far as I am concerned, a
laughing stock. All the quality has been bought up by the satellite networks, with their
big-money weight behind them, but even here 5 (pick) are slim. In protest at the
dire state of things, I have become a converted 6 (net). I look to the web now to
find good content. There, I can find just enough 7 (run) of quality programmes
to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and pining for the good old days of
8 (year).

1. watershed: bước ngoặt 2. applicability: tính có thể ứng dụng

3. bygone: đã qua 4. infomercials: quảng cáo 5. pickings: lợi lộc

6. netizen: dân mạng 7. re-run: sự phát lại 8. yesteryear: quá khứ, năm ngoái

C. In January 2001, the 1 (govern) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its
latest report on climate change. Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had
become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to
2 (praise) the earlier projections for global warming. Their conclusions were that
something very serious is happening and that it cannot be a natural process. The 1990s
was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in
the last 10,000 years. According to the report, human activities are 3
(equivocate) to blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon
dioxide and, due to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it
back into oxygen. Methane 4 (concentrate) have also gone up dramatically
because of increases in rice culture and 5 (cattle), both of which generate
methane from 6 (compose) vegetation. These greenhouses gases trap heat in the
Earth’s atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst case, the resulting
melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm,
endangering the homes and 7 (lively) of tens of millions of people who live in

low-lying regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater 8 (unanimous) among the world’s scientists
over the issue than among politicians. As long ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a
60% reduction in carbon dioxide 9 (emit), as the basic level required to return
the planet’s climate to a healthy level. Governments globally failed to 10 (act)
these proposals. Now that the dangers have been reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high
time that governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable energy
sources.

1. intergovernmental: nhiều chính phủ 2. reappraise: đánh giá lại 3.unequivocally: rõ

rệt, dứt khoát 4. concentrations: nồng độ

5. cattle(-)raising/ breeding: chăn nuôi gia súc 6. decomposing: phân hủy 7. livelihood:
sinh kế 8. unanimity : sự nhất trí

9. emissions: sự tỏa ra, khí thải 10. enact: ban hành

D. People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their psychological

health, so it isn't particularly remarkable that most of us try to protect and enhance it in
ourselves whenever possible. What is remarkable is that attention to self-esteem has
become a(n) 1 (commune) concern, at least for Americans, who see a favorable
opinion of oneself as the central psychological source from which all manner of positive
outcomes spring. The corollary, that low self-esteem lies at the root of individual and thus
2 (society) problems and 3 (function), has sustained an ambitious social
agenda for decades. Indeed, campaigns to raise people's sense of self-worth abound.
Consider what transpired in California in the late 1980s. Prodded by State Assemblyman
John Vasconcellos, Governor George Deukmejian set up a task force on self-esteem and
personal and social responsibility. Vasconcellos argued that raising self-esteem in young
people would reduce crime, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, school 4 (achieve) and
pollution. At one point, he even expressed the hope that these efforts would one day help
balance the state budget, a prospect predicated on the observation that people with high
5 (regard) earn more than others and thus pay more in taxes. Along with its other
activities, the task force assembled a team of scholars to survey the relevant literature.
The results appeared in a 1989 volume 6 (title) The Social Importance of Self-
Esteem, which stated that "many, if not most, of the major problems plaguing society
have roots in the low self-esteem of many of the people who make up society." In reality,
the report contained little to support that assertion.

1. communal : công cộng, chung 2. societal : thuộc xã hội 3. dysfunctions : sự

hoạt động khác thường 4. underachievement: sự làm kém, không tốt như mong đợi 5.
self-regard : tự trọng 6. entitled: được đặt tên
E. An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific 1
(objective) to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many
2 (master). The blurred 3 (image) of Impressionist paintings seems to
stimulate the brain's amygdala, for instance. Since the amygdala plays a crucial role in
our feelings, that finding might explain why many people find these pieces so 4
(move).

Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from
Mondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's 5 (seem) haphazard
arrangements of splashed paint on canvas? 6 (sceptical) believe that people
claim to like such works simply because they are famous. We certainly do have an
inclination to follow the crowd. When asked to make simple 7 (perceive)
decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choose
a definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same. It is easy to imagine that
this 8 (mental) would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like art
appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer.

1. objectivity: tính khách quan 2. masterpieces: kiệt tác 3.imagery : hình tượng
4.moving: cảm động

5. seemingly: có vẻ 6. skeptics: những người hoài nghi 7.

perceptual : thuộc tri giác, cảm giác 8. mentality: tâm lí

F. Pop art was a(n) 1 (convention) art style in which 2 (common)

objects such as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as subject matter, and
were often incorporated into the work. The pop art movement was largely a British and
American cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s and ‘60s. Art critic Lawrence Alloway,
referring to the prosaic 3 (icon) of its painting and sculpture, named the
movement pop art. It represented an attempt to return to a more objective and 4
(universe) accepted form of art after the dominance in both the United States and Europe
of the highly personal abstract 5 (express). The art form was iconoclastic,
rejecting the 6 (supreme) of the ‘high art’ of the past and the 7 (pretend)
of other contemporary avant-garde art. Pop art became a cultural institution because of its
close reflection of a particular social situation and because its easily 8
(comprehend) images were immediately exploited by the mass media. Although the
critics of pop art describe it as sensational and non-aesthetic, its proponents saw it as an
art that was democratic and not 9 (discriminate), bringing together both
connoisseurs and untrained inexperienced viewers. Even though public reaction to pop art
was 10 (favour), it found critical acceptance as a form of art suited to the highly
technological, mass media-oriented society of western countries.

1. unconventional: trái với thường lệ 2. commonplace : tầm thường, quen thuộc

3. iconography: sự mô tả bằng hình tượng

4. universally: toàn cầu 5. expressionism : chủ nghĩa biểu hiện 6.

supremacy: uy quyền

7. pretentiousness: sự phô trương, khoe khoang 8. comprehensible: có thể hiểu

được 9. discriminatory: phân biệt đối xử

10. unfavourable: không có ích

G. The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop
dialogue delivered at 1 (neck) speed. This use of dialogue 2 (score) not
only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the
3 (absurd) of the film itself and thus its humor. The audience is bounced from gag to
gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection. The
audience is caught up in a(n) 4 (wind) of activity in simply managing to follow
the plot. This film presents pure 5 (escape) - largely due to its frenetic dialogue.

1. breakneck: nguy hiểm 2. underscores: nhấn mạnh 3. absurdity: điều vô lí

4. whirlwind: cơn lốc 5. escapism: sự thoát li thực tế

PRACTICE TEST 4
1. This place is an zone, which is restricted to people who work in the
Parliamentary House only. (EXCLUDE)

exclusionary: cấm vào

2. He was by the darkness and got lost in the forest. (NIGHT)

benighted: dốt nát

3. He was with intelligence but he tried hard to make up for it. (ENDOW)

unendowed: không được trời phú

4. Any gimmicks are forbidden in this competition. (MALICE)

malicious: hiểm độc

5. Surely all women must have instinct or the human race would die out.
(MOTHER)

maternal: thuộc về mẹ

6. Putting up with noise coming from the neighbor is probably the most
thing. (TO)

untoward: bất tiện

7. The leader was taken into custody, which brought an end to the .
(SURGE)

insurgency: sự nổi loạn

8. The spectacular view of Sa Pa has many visitors. (RAPTURE)

enraptured: làm thích thú

9. Andy has received such fame after he tried himself in the school’s
play. (WONT)

unwonted: hiếm thấy

10. The aridity in that area a poor crop.

(TOKEN) betokens: là biểu hiện của

11. Some people argue that money has football. (BASE)

debased: làm giảm giá trị

12. This remote village bore the of the storm. (PREDATOR)

depredation: sự đánh phá

113. “People” is a word. (SYLLABLE)

disyllabic: gồm 2 âm tiết

14. The young boy was by the two men who then asked the innocent for
money. (WAY)

waylaid: đón đường

15. Taking that old lady for a ride is . (CONSCIENCE)

unconscionable: phi lý

16. To achieve the logic, you have to employ certain techniques of using
connectives like ‘and’, ‘or’ in the right place within the sentence. (SENTENCE)

sentential: cách ngôn

17. This chair is almost too , so replace it with a new one!

(ANNUAL) superannuated: quá cũ

18. Underground nuclear are believed to have been carried out. (NOTE)

denotations: dấu hiệu

19. The opponents of nuclear power may object to the scheme for some
reasons. (MENTION)

undermentioned: được nên bên dưới

20. Every point in his speech is , which allows the audience to follow
easily. (PERSPEX)

perspicuous: rõ ràng

21. The is used to measured the smallest things! (MICRO)

micrometer: vi kế
22. His talking annoys the teachers a lot. (TERMINAL)

interminable: liên miên

23. Many policies have come into force to boost the economic
development. (BUSINESS)

pro-business: tốt cho doanh nghiệp

24. A(n) schedule assists me in passing the day smoothly. (ARRANGE)

prearranged: đặt trước

25. Allowing yourself anything you like makes you a figure. (INDULGE)

self-indulgent: tự nuông chiều

26. Mary with her husband about his budget this month.

(POSTULATE)

expostulated: phản đối

27. It is impossible to his excellence at work. (SAY)

gainsay: phủ nhận

28. People in coastal area live mainy on the , which allows them to earn
a great deal of money from the sea products (CULTURE)

aquaculture: sự trồng trên nước

29. People felt a great pity for the time spent to see such a(n) film.
(ABYSS)

abysmal: cực kì xấu

30. Every book has a including what the authors say about their
masterpiece. (WORD)

foreword: lời nói đầu

31. I cannot imagine why there are such people in this world. Don’t
they feel any sympathy for the homeless? (HEART)

hard-hearted: nhẫn tâm

32. I will bring my unbrella along on the that it rains. (CHANCE)

offchance: ít khả năng

33. The dramatic decrease in the of this factory can be a direct result
of underpayment. (PUT)

throughput: lưu lượng

34. The contaminated drinking water in Flint, Michigan can cause

consequences. (LIFE)

lifelong: cả đời

35. It is a fact that the vegeterian sausages were invented during World
War I. (KNOW)

little-known: ít được biết tới

36. His recent unpredictable mood him from his friends. (STRANGE)

estranges: li gián, làm xa cách

37. I was and fell in love with her immediately at first sight.

(LOVE) lovestruck: bị tiếng sét ái tình

38. The camera must be clean with a soft cloth. Otherwise, the water will
permeate and cause damage. (WRING)

well-wrung: được vắt kĩ

39. His recent ups and downs made the criminal more than ever. (BITE)

hard-bitten: chai lì

40. John Cena used to be in his in WWE but since his dislocation, he
had to leave for operation and it would take him a long time to make a full recovery.
(DAY)

heyday: thời hoàng kim

41. Bats use to navigate in the dark when hunting prey. (LOCATION)

echolocation: tiếng vang

42. He was lying, indicated by the sign that his hands were shivering.
(TELL)

tell-tale: làm lộ

43. Thanks to the at the bottom of the page, the Chinese-VietNamese

poem becomes more accessible. (NOTE)

footnote/annotation: chú thích

44. The dog seems rather ; it must not have been fed for days.

(SEE) unsightly: không ưa nhìn

45. injection is the most common way to inject drugs. (VEIN)

intravenous: trong tĩnh mạch

46. medication brings about a quick relief but it is not

recommended for long-term treatment. (ACT)

short-acting: trong thời gian ngắn

47. Ivan’s camera now because he carelessly dropped it into the pool.
(FUNCTION)

malfunctions: không hoạt động được

48. Mary told the doctor about her stomach’s . It didn’t seem to work
properly. (FUNCTION)

dysfunction: sự hoạt động khác thường

49. A cock roach can continue to live for a few days even if it is .
(CAPITA)

decapitated: bị cắt phần ngọn, phần đầu

50. Their house is decorated in such a way so that it fit in with other
houses. (DESCRIBE)

nondescript: thông thường, bình dân

51. people are strong and healthy ones who can make a living on
their own. (BODY)
able-bodied: cơ thể khỏe mạnh

52. I spent the whole evening my messy house. (CLUTTER)

decluttering: dọn dẹp

53. Remember to read every in the contract because it can be a trap

for the unwary. (PRINT)

small-print: phần in chữ nhỏ

54. I did my project in my own way, not in a one. (TREAD)

well-trodden: nhiều người

55. From six o’clock , I’m home! (ON)

onwards: kể từ

56. Some of the and regions in Somalia have

adopted distinctive symbols , including flags, while others continue to use the Somali
flag. (DEPEND/AUTONOMY)

quasi-independent/semi autonomous: gần như độc lập

57. A(n) disease is one that will gradually deteriorate the

functioning of any one part in your body. (GENERATE)

degenerative: suy thoái

58. It is widely known that judges have powers. (DISCRETION)

discretionary: tự do theo ý mình

59. The little boy left his hand-made boat on the river. (DRIFT)

adrift: trôi giạt

60. The students are seperated into differnt classes.

(QUALIFY) qualitatively: định tính

61. He suffered from headaches as an of his accident. (AFFECT)

aftereffect: di chứng
62. The renown that Michael Jackson gained for himself is almost .
(SUPERIOR)

insuperable: không thể vượt qua

63. Viet Nam used to be into two seperate areas, with the border
being Gianh river. (MASS)

demassified: chia ra

64. The walls were with colors, which make it so beautiful.

(STRIPE)

striated: có sọc

65. A bottle of cooled water had effects on us after a long walk.

(VIGOR)

invigorating: làm phấn khởi lên

66. Hand is accused of including BBA, which can cause many health
problems. (SANITARY)

sanitizer: phương tiện sát trùng

67. Their trouble is . They themselves made the situation worse.

(INFLICT)

self-inflicting: tự gây ra

68. The inside our bodies is a complex system. (MUSCLE)

musculature: hệ thống cơ

69. I do not understand why Adriana was so at last night’s party. She
is usually clever and tactical when meeting people. (ADROIT)

maladroit: vụng về

70. Viet Nam went through process and became an independent

country. (COLONY)

decolonisation: phi thực dân hóa

 PRACTICE TEST 5

1. The act of should be prohibited under any circumstances. Everyone all has
equal rights to vote. (FRANCHISE)

disenfranchisement: sự tước quyền công dân

2. The boss ordered his staff to be with each other in dealing with the
company's end-of-year burden. (LABOR)

collaborative: cộng tác

3. It is such a story that the mom lost her child when her family immigrated
from Africa into Europe. (LUCK)

hard-luck: cảm động

4. The mayor was determined that he would do everything in his power to the
murder case. (MYSTERY)

demystify: làm rõ

5. The government stressed it was not abandoning its tough policies.

(INFLATE)

anti-inflationary: chống lạm phát

6. The woman detected her conditions soon after she felt ill in her body.
(CANCER)

precancerous: báo trước bệnh ung thư

7. I cast my eyes and saw the geese flying in V-line. (HEAVEN)

heavenwards: về phía chân trời

8. programs are offered to those who want to do professional training while

being paid to work. (SERVICE)

In-service: đang thực hiện

9. It is inhumane to sell limbs of the animals, such as rhinoceros or elephants,

in the market place. (MEMBER)

dismembered: chia thành từng phần, cắt thành từng phần

10. He was regarded as a winner as he beat his opponents in three straight sets.
(RUN)

runaway: nhanh, dễ dàng

11. Although some hold out hope for a sea wall and land reclamation programme, it is
admittedly nothing more than a mere (STOP)

stopgap: sự thay thế tạm thời

12. A(n) is implanted in the body to prop up the heart. (MAKE)

pacemaker: máy điều hòa nhịp tim

13. She is gorgeous in that gown.

(DIE) drop-dead: bất thần

14. His behavior at the party was , which went beyond everyone's
expectations. (ERR)

aberrant: khác thường

15. The advent of computers was one of the milestones in the mankind's
history. (NOTE)
noteworthy: đáng chú ý

16. His condition was so serious as he had to stay in hospital for a month.
(MUCH)

inasmuch: bởi vì

17. Pending the of KFC, the manager had to catch up on a huge number of
backlogs. (TAKE)

takeover: quyền tiếp quản

18. It is to be waken up by the noisy music from the neighbor's house. (IRK)
irksome: annoying

19. Like many other of my age, I dread to use hi-tech gears. (TECHNICAL)

technophobes: người sợ công nghệ

20. Bacteria derived from disease can be contagious among people having
reciprocal contact. (MENINGES)

meningitic: viêm màng não

21. The woman is getting older. She is now in the year of her age. (LIGHT)

twilight: tuổi xế chiều

22. Chemicals are easily if they are laid open in the atmosphere for a long
time. (ACTION)

deactivated: không hoạt động

23. The spectators booed as the referee did not disallow the goal. (SIDE)

offside: việt vị

24. The government must work at full tilt to promote the economy and reduce the
. (EFFICIENT)

deficits: số tiền thiếu hụt

25. The Earth is experiencing a major in the climate. (HEAVE)

upheaval: chuyển biến
26. My is the unique thing that distinguishes me from others. (MARK)

birthmark: vết bớt

27. Children who grow up in peace tend to be more than those who grow up in
war. (ADAPT)

maladapted: không thích nghi

28. My mother me a great deal of encouragement after I got bad grades in my

exam. (VOUCH)

vouchsafed: dành, ban phát

29. He is a(n) man. He does not gain any ground in his family. (WILL)

weak-willed: yếu đuối, thiếu ý chí

30. You can look at the of this Chinese book to see the elucidation of these
new words. (ADD)

addendum: phụ lục

31. The reaction that occurs within the cell is called reaction. (CELL)

intracellular: nội bào

32. He was from the hustle and bustle of life since he moved to this rural area.
(TANGLE)

disentangled: thoát khỏi cảnh rối rắm

33. I over whether to go abroad or not. (SHALL)

shilly-shally: do dự

34. Many people nowadays want to indulge themselves in industries such as

finance and the like. (KNOW)

knowledge-based: dựa vào tri thức

35. Please accept this as a reminder of your stay here. (REMEMBER)

memento: vật lưu niệm

36. A(n) is the one who turns into wolf during full moon. (WOLF)
werewolf: ma sói

37. Nitrogen oxide is a(n) compound of oxygen and nitrogen. (ATOM)

biatomic: lưỡng nguyên tử

38. The story broadens the horizon of the children about their . (BEAR)

forebears: tổ tiên

39. I met my old friend at the supermarket this morning, which was quite .
(FORTUNE)

fortuitous: tình cờ

40. The mall has intrigued a great number of visitors since it was last month.
(GRAND)

aggrandized: mở rộng

41. She cast her eyes and saw a mysterious man looking at her. (STREET)

streetwards: về phía con đường

42. The girl excelled herself at the exam and came to the two boys. (THREE)

tertiary: thứ ba

43. Scientists from Russia, America and Japan have recently filled the periodic table’s
seventh row with four chemical elements. (HEAVE)

superheavy: siêu nặng

44. It is a misconception that human blood is blue. (OXYGEN)

deoxygenated: mất hết oxy

45. The house is painted in such a(n) style. (SAVOUR)

unsavoury: nhạt nhẽo, vô vị

46. In this modern day, you have to keep yourself so as not to lag behind
others. (DATE)

uptodate: bắt kịp thời đại

47. This book is . You can find information about the varieties of plants
around the world here. (EMBRACE)

all-embracing: bao gồm tất cả

48. The little rainfall a poor crop for farmers in this village. (BODE)
foreboded: dự báo

49. That word is such a(n) . It is not easy to pronounce at all. (JAW)
jawbreaker: từ khó phát âm
50. and disinfectants are widely used in hospital to kill the bacteria. (SEPTIC)

antiseptics: chất khử trùng

51. Due to the prolonged , the goods arrived later than we had expected.
(CONTAIN)

containerization: sự cho hàng vào container

52. Found in condition, the house is intended to be demolished. (DOWN)

run-down: xuống cấp, tồi tệ

53. of violence has been possible by means of television. (DOCTRINE)

Indoctrination: sự truyền bá

54. He laid his desk . It is untidily filled with all kinds of stuff.

(HEAP) aheap: ngổn ngang

55. It is that he will press ahead with his project. Nothing can prevent him.
(ODD)

odds-on: chắc chắn

56. X-rays, known as a form of , are widely utilized nowadays to diagnose

medical conditions. (RADIAL)

irradiation: bức xạ

57. His misunderstanding of the situation resulted in his . Everyone could

make out the embarassing remarks on his face. (COMPOSE)
discomposure: sự mất bình tĩnh

58. The minister the fight against hunger in his opening speech. (ACCENT)

accentuated: nhấn mạnh

59. Even the most equipment cannot replace the role of the teachers in the
future. (ART)

state-of-the-art: công nghệ hiện đại

60. America is considered one of the biggest in the world. (POWER)

superpowers: cường quốc

61. The water in the building is of great concern. It can damage the walls if not
managed properly and timely. (FILL)

infiltration: sự thấm qua

62. He took off his hat and a pigeon flew out. It was a trick. (GUILE)

beguilingly: lí thú

63. In a manner, he stepped into the room and shouted at the top of his voice.
(DOUBT)

redoubtable: đáng sợ

64. You should not assess a situation from such a(n) side. (LATERAL)

unilateral: đơn phương

65. The homless woman pleaded for a shelter from the rain in a(n) tone.
(PASSION)

impassioned: say sưa, mãnh liệt

66. The man reported than he had seen a(n) object, which might well be a
UFO. (EGG)

egg-shaped: có hình quả trứng

67. The coal cellar needs to be equipped with system in order to prevent
suffocation. (VENT)
ventilation: hệ thống thông gió

68. The advent of Internet is an important in human history. (MARK)

landmark: bước ngoặc

69. His face showed the remark of even when we were talking about
seriously. ( FLIP)

flippancies: sự xấc xược

70. What you know is rather . And it is unfair to judge just through a cursory
glance. (FACIES)

superficial: nông cạn

71. Moving is moving in a direction opposite to the direction the hands of the
clock moves. (CLOCK)

counterclockwise/anticlockwise: ngược chiều kim đồng hồ

72. Reta is studying animal at the Oxford university. (GENE)

genomics: bộ gen

73. The crews fortuitously dicovered a in the ship’s cool chamber. (STOW)

stowaway: người đi lậu vé

74. The man was on a medal for bravely taking a child out of the burning
house. (STOW)

bestowed: ban tặng

75. The report has the cause of global warming in the past decades. (POINT)

pinpointed: chỉ ra

76. It may take more than a month to deliver our car from Germany to VietNam as it is
. (SHIP)

shipborne: chở trên tàu

77. “Titanic” is an example of romance. (SHIP)

shipboard: trên tàu

78. The machine cannot work properly as a direct result of . (ALIGN)

misalignment: sự sắp xếp sai

79. There used to be a in Quang Tri, whose remains now become a historical
site. (HOLD)

stronghold: pháo đài, đồn lũy

80. Andy was from the volunteer group due to his poor attitude.
(COMMUNICATE)

excommunicated: bị đẩy ra khỏi

81. I was so that even a spider scared me. (KNEE)

weak-kneed: yếu ớt

82. The government its responsibility in the leakage of confidential

information. (NEGATE)

abnegated: từ chối

83. Try not to be even if you are tremendously successful. (VAIN)

vainglorious: khoe khoang

84. Bob is a(n) of an intelligent student. (TYPE)

archetype: hình mẫu

85. The goverment’s policy to soothe the anger among people was . It
should have happened earlier. (CHRONOLOGY)

anachronistic: sai thời điểm

86. Tom’s collection is such a(n) . There is no connection between things.

(MASH)

mish-mash: mớ hỗn độn

87. I was completely by the fact that he was going to get married. (MUSE)

bemused: làm sửng sốt

88. Sleeping during day and working when night comes sounds seemingly .
(SCIENCE)

antiscientific: phản khoa học

89. I question whether a spectacle so fantastic and impressive was ever dealtwith, even in
the pages of fiction. (SCIENCE)

quasiscientific: có vẻ mang tính khoa học

90. Adam’s gait is a(n) for his strong personality. (WORD)

byword: điển hình

91. The apricot blossom during spring. (GERM)

germinates: nảy mầm

92. In an world, people have to change to get into the swing of the
environment. (EVOLVE)

ever-evolving: luôn thay đổi

93. I the distance from my house to the Ann’s hospital and arrived there
rather late. (RECK)

misreckoned: tính sai

94. Harry Porter’s personality is successfully by J.K.Rowling throughout

her series. (LINE)

delineated: mô tả

95. Your saying last night could hurt other people’s feelings although you
might not intend to say so. (SENSE)

insensate: vô cảm

96. What Thuy Minh said has provoked violent from critics as well as
celebrities. (BLAST)

counterblast: sự phản đối

97. You are becoming a(n) . Just go outside and see what happens. (LAY)
layabout: người vô công rỗi nghề

98. A is an instrument that separates light into a frequency spectrum and

records the signal using a camera. (SPECTRUM)

spectrograph: máy quang phổ

99. Cindy showed support at Josh’s project. She always believes him.
(FALTER)

unfaltering: không nao núng

100. This place is an zone, which is restricted to people who work in the
Parliamentary House only. (EXCLUDE)

exclusionary: không cho vào

CHAPTER 2: CLOZE TEST

Part 1. Cressida Cowell is the author of the widely-praised How to Train your Dragon
series of children’s books. She spent her own childhood holidays on a remote island,
where she has left very much to her own (1) . As a result, she became an avid
reader, entertaining (2) with books and developing a fervent imagination. She
even (3) up her own secret languages.

Cowell believes that today’s children still have a real (4) for language, even
though their attention (5) may not be as great as in her day, (6) them
less tolerant of descriptive passages in stories. Her books are outlandish and exciting,
with vivid imagery, cliffhangers and eye-catching illustrations. Dragons seem to
(7) to children of all nationalities, who also seem to (8) with her
protagonist, Hiccup, quite easily. Hiccup is a boy who battles his way through’s life
problems, often against the (9) .

Cowell is currently planning an illustrated book for teenagers. In her own words, she
enjoys breaking the (10) and finds that kids are open-minded enough to accept
this.

devices – herself – dreamt – ear – span – making – appeal – identify – odds – mould

Part 2. Recent research carried out in Ireland amongst chefs and consumers found that
48% of people (1) to regularly over-ordering in restaurants. A campaign has
been launched as a result calling for the food-service industry to join (2) with
chefs and consumers to address the issue of food waste.

To bring the research findings to (3) , the owner of a restaurant in Dublin is

creating a "Great Irish Waste" menu, reconsidering food ingredients that have been
thrown away, rejected or (4) inedible and turning them into imaginative dishes
that are both appetising and of a suitable (5) to serve his customers. He says
that while there will always be some (6) of waste in the kitchen due to elements
such as bones or fat trimmings, there's an opportunity to minimize wastage in the
restaurant (7) through better communication. "Even though so much food
comes back on customers' plates and goes in the bin, the majority of diners aren't aware
of the environmental or cost (8) of that waste." Without consumers shifting
their (9) restaurants will struggle to reduce food waste significantly.

Tackling this problem as a consumer is straightforward. Ultimately, it (10)

down to smart shopping, clever cooking and shrewd storage.

admitted – forces - life – deemed – standard – degree – itself – implications -

mindset - comes

Part 3. The relationship between the modern consumer and his or her rubbish is a
complex one. Getting rid of rubbish has come to mean a great deal more than simply
consigning breakfast leftovers (1) a plastic bag. With the (2) of
recycling, rubbish has now invaded many people’s personal lives to an unprecedented
degree.

There was a time, in living (3) , when rubbish collection was a simple matter –
but today’s household rubbish, (4) being discarded, has to be filed and sorted
into colour-coded containers according to its recycling category.
What is more, we are (5) out in a rash of irritation by the suggestion that, if
rubbish collections (6) to become more infrequent, people would then make the
effort to cut down on shopping and recycle more. We might be excused for wondering
how this would be (7) . Can people realistically buy fewer eggs or tubes of
toothpaste than their lives (8) ?

Recycling is (9) to be good for us. But for some, it’s just a (10) of
rubbish.

to – advent – memory – before – brought – were – possible – require - supposed –

load

Part 4. The environmental outlook for the future is mixed. Inspite of economic and
political changes, interest in and (1) about the environmental remains high.
Problems such as acid deposition, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone depletions still require
(2) and concerted action is needed to deal with these. (3) acid
deposition diminish, loss of aquatic life in nothern lakes and streams will continue and
forest growth may be affected. Water pollution will (4) a growing problem as
an increasing human population (5) untold stress on the environment. To reduce
environmental degradation and for humanity to (6) its habitat, societies must
recognize that resources are finite. Environmentalists believe that, as populations and
their demands increase, the idea of continuous growth must give (7) to a more
rational use of the environment, but that this can only be brought about by a dramatic
(8) in the attitude of the human species.

concern – solutions – Until – remain – puts – save - way - change

Part 5. Just as a language may develop varieties in the (1) of dialects and
argots, languages as a whole may change (Latin, for example, evolved into the different
Romance languages). Sometimes rapid language change occurs as a result of
(2) between people who each speak a different language. In such circumstances
a pidgin may arise. Pidgins are grammatically based on one language but are also
influenced, especially in vocabulary, by (3) ; they have relatively small sound
systems, reduced vocabularies, and simplified and altered grammars, and they rely
heavily on context in order to be (4) . Pidgins are often the result of contact by
traders with island and coastal peoples. A pidgin has no native speakers; when speakers
of a pidgin have children who learn the pidgin as their first language, that language is
then (5) a creole. Once the creole has enough native speakers to form a speech
community, the creole may (6) into a fuller language. Many creole speakers
think of their languages as dialects of some colonial languages. Linguists nearly always
disagree with this view - from our (7) , creoles have independent grammars and
all the equipment of full, proper languages.

form – contact – others – understood – called – expand - perspective

Part 6. The issues for emerging economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to
build on undeveloped land is not (1) out of desperation or necessity, but is a
result of the relentless (2) of progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly-
skilled workforce make these countries highly competitive and there is a flood of inward
investment, particularly from multinationals (3) to take advantage of the low
wages before the cost and standard of living begin to rise. It is (4) such as these
that are making many Asian economies extremely attractive when viewed as investment
opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa, the relative (5) of precious
metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of exploration companies and a whole
sub-industry develops around and is completely dependent on this foreign-direct
investment. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of attention
can lose (6) of the environmental implications of large-scale industrial
development, and this can have devastating consequences for the natural world. And it is
a vicious (7) because the more industrially active a nation becomes, the greater
the demand for and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environmental issues,
though they can (8) be ignored, are viewed as a peripheral concern. Indeed,
having an environmental conscience or taking environmental matters into consideration
when it comes to decisions on whether or not to build rubber-tree plantations or grow
biofuel crops would be quite prohibitive in. For those (9) in such schemes it is a
pretty black-and-white issue. And, for vast tracts of land in Latin America, for example, it
is clear that the welfare of the rainforests (10) little to local government when
vast sums of money can be made from cultivating the land.

born – march – looking – factors – abundance – sight – cycle – hardly – involved –

matters

Part 7. It seems that a large percentage of today’s population is addicted to all forms of
digital media and no one seems (1) of the nagging phone that buzzes, rings or
sings to its owners incessantly. Many people no longer trust their own fallible memories
and (2) every detail of their lives to some digital device or (3) and
are completely lost without it. Generally speaking, it is the younger generation who are so
addicted, but more and more people seem to be (4) their way of life eroded by
the digital world. People ‘tweet’ the most mundane of (5) as well as the most
interesting – in their world, having a cup of coffee is as exciting as climbing Mount
Everest! There is a grave danger that people are allowing technology to take (6)
over everything else in their lives. And in educational circles, concern is (7)
over the influence of social media, which seems to be adversely affecting students’
progress in some cases.

free – commit – other – having – matters – precedence - growing

Part 8. Social networking is here to (1) and interaction between people all over
the world has never been (2) . We can share our lives with our network friends
who can help us solve problems or offer advice. Although these sites can (3) as
a kind of group therapy session with people who seem to care and who will listen, there is
little or no censorship, so cyber-bullying is a growing problem. Perhaps there need to be
more (4) on what people are allowed to say. Nevertheless, social networking
sites can be a great way to find people with shared (5) and they can also be very
informative if used wisely. For many people, it offers them a feeling of (6)
from the real world. Furthermore it gives them a chance to chat about anything and
(7) , often quite meaningless, without fear of being rejected by others.
(8) the drivers, it has become a compelling activity for many, so it is hardly
surprising that some people feel a (9) of disconnectedness if they are unable to
get online for any period of time. And when they do get back online after a few hours of
downtime, there is an unmistakable feeling of relief at being a (10) of the
world once more.

stay – easier – act – constraints – interests – escapism – everything – Whatever –

sense - part

Part 9. It is hardly surprising, in light of their desperation, that the peoples of the
developing world who are on the very bottom (1) of the ladder have little time
for the conservationists and environmentalists who (2) bloody murder at what
they perceive to be a total (3) for the environment in some parts of the “Third
World”. And while they – the nature campaigners, that is – have, on the (4) of
it, a very valid point after all, serious, and, in some cases, irrevocable (5) has
been done to many precious habitats and the rare creatures that inhabit same – we must
understand that the rules of supply and demand are in (6) here in the developing
world just as much as anywhere else. For example, on the African plains, where
(7) is still rife, and in the mountain forests where rogue hunters patrol, ask
yourself this; would they bother if there wasn’t a market for their kill? Believe me, for
every bull elephant slaughtered for its ivory (8) , there is a rich, greedy, fat-cat
collector ready to pay a premium to acquire this ‘find’ – in fact, there are probably ten of
them. Similarly, for every mountain gorilla murdered, whose dismembered limbs appear
in tourist outlets (9) so-called ‘ornaments’ – ashtrays and jewellery boxes, if
you don’t mind – there has to be a willing buyer; an admirer of these grotesque trinkets.
And there are plenty of them it (10) out. It’s the same principle with rare
animal furs and skins; who do you think buys the crocodilian handbag? I doubt the local
tribespeople could afford the price tag, don’t you? It is an absolute tragedy that
endangered species of animals are being (11) to the verge of extinction, of this
there can be no doubt. But we must try to understand the reasons why this is happening.
The reality is that poaching will continue while it is a lucrative occupation and while the
(12) of finding other forms of employment are very poor. Developing nations
need our help, not our scorn. (13) that for the few unscrupulous trophy hunters
still out there; rich, spoilt, despicable Western brats who get a (14) out of taking
aim at some of the world’s most precious and endangered species; it is a good thing for
them that we live in a civilised world where the death penalty has, by and large, been
removed from the list of possible punishments our courts can (15) down. That
said, since they have made themselves judge, jury and executioner for the innocent
creatures they have slain, perhaps nothing (16) than a capital sentence would be
good enough for these trigger happy delinquents.

rung – scream – disregard – face – harm – play – poaching – tusks - as – turns –

hunted – prospects – Save – kick – hand - less

Part 10. While the internet opens up a whole new (1) of knowledge and
information for this and future generations to explore, it also (2) a number of
serious concerns for parents with young, net-savvy children. For (3) , it is
exceptionally difficult to (4) your children's net activity and keep (5)
of whom they are interacting with online. Secondly, there is little (6) any
censorship of the internet, so parents must be willing to do the censoring themselves or
rely on software products to do it for them. Even still, there are ways around the best-
intentioned of such programmes, and, besides, the alarming level of growth in cyber-
bullying is (7) of a trend parents should, perhaps, be far more concerned about.
lt used to be that children were (8) from the bullies one they returned to the safe
confines of their home, (9) escaped their schoolyard tormentors, but not
anymore. There is nowhere to (10) thanks to social networks like Facebook,
which, if anything, make the (11) far and wide of malicious rumours and the
like easier than ever before given the virulent (12) of the internet.
world – poses – starters – monitor - abreast – if – indicative – protected – having –
hide – spreading - nature

Part 11. Today many people find that the pressure they have at work makes their jobs
untenable as they have to put their families totally in the (1) . So working from
home, being more at the (2) of your family rather than your current boss, has
great appeal to many as they start up their own businesses from bedrooms or garages. But
don’t just think about it. Now is the time to start, so (3) while the iron’s hot.
Providing you are disciplined in what you do, and (4) the idea of working
mostly alone and without the team spirit (5) by working alongside others, then
what’s stopping you? You gain far more flexibility as you can choose the working hours
that suit you. You will still have to meet deadlines, but they are ones that you or
customers have (6) . And if you are at a (7) end during quiet times,
you can go out and do things you couldn’t do before. But don’t get (8) away
with the idea of making millions. You’ll need to be determined and work hard to succeed,
but it’ll pay off in the end.

background – disposal – strike - embarce – engendered – set – loose - carried

Part 12. It is said that we never stop learning until the day we die. Broadening our
horizons has never been easier, as the twenty-first century (1) ever more
opportunities for learning and developing our skills. And if you don’t want to
(2) out in the job market and (3) for a poorly-paid, boring job, there’s
no (4) these days. Thousands of online courses allow you to work at your own
(5) , while you are doing a full-time job. Although be careful that you don’t
(6) off more than you can chew! Modern-day society puts a lot of pressure on
people, many of whom have had to take out (7) and run up enormous
overdrafts, just to survive. The situation they find themselves in is often not of their own
(8) but rather that of the global economy. Facing up to difficult situations by
doing something about it rather than running away and coming up with new ways of
solving these problems is the (9) to survival, and ongoing education helps you
do this. Don’t (10) around complaining. Get out there and do something about
it. Remember, actions speak louder than words!

offers – lose – settle – excuse – pace – bite – loans – making – key - sit

Part 13. According to some psychologists, we should examine our deeper (1)
when we attempt to help others who appear to be in need of our support. Helping others
is clearly a good thing to do, and it can have a therapeutic effect on both giver and
(2) . If, however, we begin to focus on what we might (3) out of
helping someone, rather than how that person might be helped, we could be in
(4) of adopting a somewhat calculating attitude. This would be to lend (5)
to the ideas of those psychologists who believe that, ultimately, we only do
things for our own (6) that no actions are truly altruistic. And, of course, we can
all think of examples of problems that have been exacerbated by the well-intentioned, but
ill-considered intervention of third (7) . We should also (8) in mind
that doing too much for people and protecting them from the consequences of their
actions can (9) their motivation and even rob them of the resources to (10)
things out for themselves.

motives – recipient – get – danger – weight – ends – parties - bear – reduce – sort

Part 14. We live in culture that values participation over ability: the karaoke culture. In
broadcasting, it seems we cannot (1) the vogue for “access TV”, “people
shows” and “video diaries”. (2) is our apparent obsession with documenting
our own lives that, in future, programmes will be replaced by cameras in every room, so
that we can watch (3) endlessly on TV. In the countless shows that (4)
our daytime schedules, the audience has become the star. The public make programmes,
the public participate in programmes, the public become performers. Anybody can do it!

But there is a world of (5) between enjoying something and joining in. If we
all join in, what is the (6) of artists or experts? If everything (7) , there
can be no mystery, no mystique. I love listening to a genius and learning from (or even
just appreciating) his or her skill. To assume then that I can “have a (8) at”

their craft would be monstrous impudence on my part.

escape – Such – ourselves – fill – difference – point – accessible - go

Part 15. Few inventions have had more scorn and praise (1) upon them at the
same time than television. And few have done so much to unite the world (2)
one vast audience for news, sport, information and entertainment. Television must be
rated (3) printing as one of the most significant inventions of all time in the
field of communications. In just a few decades it has (4) virtually every home in
the developed world and an ever-increasing proportion of homes in developing countries.
It took over half a century from the first suggestion that television might be (5)
before the first flickering (6) were produced in laboratories in Britain and
America. In 1926 John Logie Baird’s genius for publicity brought television to the
(7) of a British audience. It has since reached such (8) of success and
(9) on such a pivotal function that it is difficult to imagine a world
(10) of this groundbreaking invention.

heaped – into - alongside – reached – possible – pictures – attention – heights –

taken - bereft

Part 16. Concentration is good in exams, bad in orange juice. Concentration happens
when you manage to focus on one thing to the (1) of all others, and concentrating
on that one thing (2) you to stop worrying about a lot of other things. Sometimes,
of course, your mind concentrates when you don’t want it to. Maybe you can’t get
something out of your head, such as a problem you have to (3) up to, or an
embarrassing situation you’ve been in. That’s why collecting things as a hobby is
popular; it (4) your mind off other things. Indeed, some people seem to prefer
looking after and cataloguing their collections to actually (5) anything with them,
because this is when the absorbing, single- minded concentration happens.

The natural span for concentration is 45 minutes. That’s why half an hour for a television
programme seems too short whilst an hour seems too long. But many people's lives are
(6) of concentration. Modern culture is served up in small, easily digestible
chunks that require only a short (7) span although young people can concentrate
on computer games for days at a (8) .

Sticking out the tongue can aid concentration. This is because you can’t (9)
yourself with talking at the same time and other people won’t (10) to interrupt
your thoughts, because you look like an idiot!

exclusion – allows – face – takes – doing – devoid – attention – time – distract - dare

Part 17. Television occupies a large portion of American children's time. Starting in
preschool, children spend more time watching television than participating in any other
activity (1) sleeping. Children also have extensive experience with television
before being exposed to many socializing (2) , such as schools, peers, and
religious institutions. (3) the central role of this medium in most children's
lives, it is important to understand its potential positive and negative effects on a variety
of cognitive, academic, social, behavioral, and attitudinal outcomes.

The results of recent research suggest that there is considerable overlap between the
comprehension processes that take place during reading and those in prereading
television viewing. Thus, it may very well be the (4) that children who learn
these comprehension skills from television viewing before they are able to read are
equipped with some very important tools when they later start to read. If (5) ,
this has important implications for education, by opening the door for early childhood
education of some of these essential literacy skills.

Clearly, television viewing is not the sole (6) in which important cognitive
precursors to literacy may develop. For instance, children may be (7) to
narratives through parental bedtime reading and storytelling, particularly given that most
parents have positive beliefs about the value of such activities. Television, however, may
be an especially ideal medium in which to cultivate some of the skills and knowledge
needed for later reading acquisition. For example, this medium involves minimal print,
and the decision to view can be controlled entirely by the preschooler. Television is also
partially a visual medium, and thus (8) information more concretely than do
written and spoken text. This content difference across media seems to (9) for
the fact that preschoolers frequently are better at (10) televised stories than
audiotaped ones.

except/but - agents – Given – case – so – context – exposed - presents - account -

recalling

Part 18. Television used to (1) as a uniquely unifying national phenomenon.

Never before had so many people had so common (2) core of shared cultural
experiences. People might not know the names of their next-door neighbours, (3)
they probably watched many of the same programmes.

Thses days, however, with the vast (4) of television programming, everyone can
watch (5) different, just as each Internet user can explore a different selection of
websites. Even so, programmes (6) at international markets generally
(7) to be less popular (with the partial exception of those from America) and
people still often choose to watch their own national programmes. In (8) , if
television develops along similar (9) to the movie business, with a few
blockbusters attracting vast international audiences, people may even (10) up
watching a narrower range of programmes.

But (11) patterns of viewing habits develop, television will almost certainly
become a personal (12) of equipment, more (13) a mobile phone than a
communal source of entertainment. Armed (14) a credit card and a remote
control, viewers will be able to pick their programmes from wherever they choose.
Television will then have become truly global. (15) , perhaps, will the cultural
values it instils.
act – a – but – expansion - something – aimed – tend – fact – lines – end – whatever
– piece – like – with - So

Part 19. Language is thought to be a mechanism for transmitting the information

(1) thoughts. One experiment used to demonstrate this idea (2)
subjects to listen to a short passage of several sentences. The subjects are then asked to
repeat the passage. Most subjects accurately convey the gist of the passage in the
sentences they produce, but they do not come (3) to repeating the sentences
verbatim. It appears as if two transformations have occurred. Upon hearing the passage,
the subjects convert the language of the passage into a more abstract representation of its
meaning, which is more easily (4) within memory. In order to recreate the
passage, the subject (5) this representation and converts its meaning back into
language.

This (6) of thought and language is less intuitive than it might be because many
people find language to be a powerful (7) with which to manipulate their
thoughts. It provides a mechanism to internally rehearse, critique, and (8)
thoughts. This internal (9) of communication is essential for a social animal
and could certainly be, in (10) , responsible for the strong selective pressures for
improved language use.

within – requires – close – stored - recalls – separation – tool – modify –form - part

Part 20. There are solid reasons for supporting, preserving, and documenting endangered
languages. First, (1) and every language is a celebration of the rich cultural
diversity of our planet; second, each language is an (2) of a unique ethnic,
social, regional or cultural identity and world view; third, language is the repository
(3) the history and beliefs of a people; and finally, every language encodes. a
particular subset of fragile human knowledge about agriculture, botany, medicine, and
ecology. Mother tongues are (4) of far more than grammar and words. For
example, Thangmi (known in Nepali as Thami), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by an
ethnic community of around 30,000 people in eastern Nepal, is a mine of unique
indigenous terms for local flora and fauna that have medical and ritual (5) .
Much of this local knowledge is falling into (6) as fluency in Nepali, the
national language, increases. When children (7) to speak their mother tongue,
the oral (8) of specific ethnobotanical and medical knowledge also comes to an
end.

each – expression – of – comprised – value – disuse – cease - transmission

Part 21. Broadcasting has democratized the publication of language, often at its most
informal, even undressed. Now the ears of the educated cannot escape the language of the
masses. It (1) them on the news, weather, sports, commercials, and the ever-
proliferatinggame shows. This wider dissemination of popular speech may easily give
purists the (2) that language is suddenly going to hell in this generation, and
may(3) the new paranoia about it. It might also be argued that more Americans
hear more correct, even beautiful, English on television than ever before. Through
television more models of good usage (4) more American homes than was ever
possible in other times. Television gives them lots of colloquial English too, some awful,
some creative, but that is not new.

Hidden in this is a (5) fact: our language is not the special private property of the
language police, or grammarians, or teachers, or even great writers. The genius of
English is that it has always been the tongue of the common people, literate or not.
English belongs to everybody: the funny (6) of phrase that pops into the mind of a farmer
telling a story; or the travelling salesman's dirty joke; or the teenager saying, 'Gag me
with a spoon'; or the pop lyric — all contribute, are all as valid as the tortured image of
the academic, or the line the poet sweats over for a week. Through our collective
language (7) some may be thought beautiful and some ugly, some may live and
some may die: but it is all English and it (8) to everyone — to those of us who
wish to be careful with it and those who don't care.

surrounds – idea – justify – reach – simple – turn – sense – belongs

Part 22. Little babies are not so innocent after all, it would seem. Infants as young as six
months, new research claims, are capable of lying to their doting parents, which they do
(1) crying when they are not truly (2) pain or distress. They do it
simply to draw attention to themselves, but once they start receiving the loving hugs and
cuddles they (3) badly crave, the babies then do (4) best to prolong
this reward by offering fake smiles.

This has led to suggestions that human beings are 'born to lie' and that this is a unique
quality of our species. As someone who has devoted a lifetime to studying human and
animal behaviour, I have to report that this is actually (5) from being the truth.
Mankind may be the most adept species at telling fibs, but we are far from alone.

A young chimpanzee in captivity, for example, is just as capable of 'lying', as I have

witnessed on many occasions, most commonly when human handlers, working with
young chimps, have to leave them alone. (6) human babies, the apes really hate
(7) left alone, and for this reason, their handlers, (8) have
become their 'family', should ideally never be out of sight. Even (9) the
handlers always do their best to avoid going away for too long, some absence is
unavoidable. In (10) a situation, and as soon as the young ape knows it is
going to be left alone, it will start protesting vocally, and these protests can be heard as
the handler leaves the building. The screaming stops when the door is slammed,
(11) at this point the ape knows that the handler can (12) longer
hear him. It has total control (13) its crying and can switch it on and off
whenever it likes. The crying is actually a deliberate signal, rather (14) an
uncontrollable outburst. But (15) this is a case of "real" lying rather depends on
how you look at it.

by – in – so – their - far - Like – being – who - though - such - since - no - over - than
- whether

Part 23. Once children had ambitions to be doctors, explorers, sportsmen, artists or
scientists. Now, taking their (1) from TV, they just “want to be famous”. Fame
is no longer a (2) for gallant service or great, perhaps even selfless endeavour.
It is an end in (3) , and the sooner it can be achieved, the sooner the lonely
bedroom mirror can be replaced by the TV camera and flash gun, the (4)
Celebrity is the profession of the moment, a vain glorious vocation which, like some 18th-
century royal court, seems to exist largely so that the rest of us might watch and be
amazed while its members live out their lives in public, (5) self-regarding
members of some glittering soap opera.

Today, almost anyone can be famous. (6) has fame been more democratic, more
ordinary, more achievable. No wonder it s a modern ambition. It’s easy to see why people
crave celebrity, why generations reared (7) the instant fame offered by
television want to step out of the limousine with the flashlights (8) around
them. It doesn’t want to be the (9) of attention at some time in their lives?

Modern celebrity, peopled by (10) largely vain and vacuous, fills a need in our
lives. It peoples talks shows, sells goods and newspapers and rewards the famous for —
well, being famous.

lead – reward – itself – better – like - Never – on – bouncing – centre -

the Part 24.

In 1942, only a few months after the United States had entered World War II, as Hitler
plunged deeper into Russia and Japan was advancing victoriously throughout the Pacific,
President Roosevelt, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, and his deputy, Sumner Welles,
along with many politicians, journalists, and academics, were already involved in a
debate on postwar arrangements. Many of the proposals were far-reaching, (1)
revolutionary. In no other country did the shock of war create such a (2) at a
time when the Nazis and the Japanese were still clearly winning. Such activities
(3) strikingly with the negativism and lack of verve that now, in our peaceful
time, characterize the discussion, when there is any, of international organization for the
future.

At the end of the war, (4) from the usual xenophobes and isolationists,
relatively few voices questioned the need for the new international system. On the
(5) , there was a tendency to oversell it and to create unrealistic hopes for its
effectiveness. Thus when the cold war—along with the usual tendency of sovereign states
to quarrel and (6) to violence—shattered the dream of a more rational world,
public disillusion and hostility to the UN (7) all the fiercer. In fact, the UN has
never quite (8) from its failure to live up to its advance notices.

Already in 1942 there were warning (9) . Professor Nicholas Spykman of Yale
wrote that “plans for far-reaching changes in the character of international society are an
intellectual by-product of all great wars,” but they have never altered “the fundamental
power patterns.” Spykman predicted that the new postwar order would remain “a world
of power politics in which the interest of the United States will continue to demand the
preservation of a (10) of power in Europe and Asia.”

even – response – contrast – apart – contrary – resort – grew – recovered – voices –

balance

Part 25.

Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people are beginning to find that we

cannot (1) without the wilderness and that mountain parks and reservations are
useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, but as fountains of life. The
national park movement, is seeing to the worldwide protection of wild places, not only
out of respect for their intrinsic natural (2) , but also for their capacity to
(3) people’s lives with a depth of spiritual and poetic inspiration, dicovery and
adventure.
It is often in the (4) places, away
from the dominating presence or evidence of human activity, that thousands find spiritual
and physical refreshment: on the downs, along the seashore or by the mountain streams.
It is a dislike of constraint and restriction which (5) us to wild places.
We aspire to wild landscapes because we aspire to freedom. In Britain our wild
landscapes are now small in (6) and ecologically
(7) due to overgrazing, acid rain and nitrogen pollution. What is (8)
is doubly precious.

do – value – enrich – remote – draws – scale – degraded –

left Part 26.

A few countries, mainly in the south, have large herds of elephants that are growing in
number and are rapidly exceeding the (1) of game reserves to sustain them. In
most other countries, mainly in the centre of the continent, elephants are (2) but
extinct. The lines of conflict are (3) by this division. Countries with big and
growing herds push for culling and trade in elephant products. Those (4)
favour a ban on trade in ivory.

For environmentalists, the answer is to (5) elephants from overpopulated to

underpopulated areas, can help to ease the pressures to cull and stops the bitter clashes
(6) what to do. However, this is often just too expensive.

The only real (7) lies in the opening up of large new elephant rangelands by
dropping the fences of game reserves and joining them up with other protected areas,
including those in adjacent countries. This would create new homelands for thousands of
elephants at a (8) of the cost. In fact, one such trans-frontier park was opened
early this year. between South Africa and Botswana in the Kalahari. The governments of
South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Mozambique have agreed to (9) up
two more trans- frontier parks in areas (10) high elephant congestion.

capacity – all – drawn – without – redistribute – over – solution – fraction – set -

of Part 27.

The advertising industry is suffering from a brain drain because an increasing number of
senior executives find the strains of the job (1) with family life, a survey shows.
Stress counsellors say more mature staff are voting with their (2) because they
are disillusioned by poorer pay and less fun since the spendthrift heyday of the late
Seventies. Rather than pursue a place on the board, many choose alternative but less
lucrative jobs as (3) as furniture-making and alternative medicine, which enable
them to spend more time with their children.

Experts from the institute say their 2001 census of the 14,000 advertising employees in
Britain raises (4) over a lack of experience in senior positions. There was a
danger that unless companies made greater efforts to retain experienced staff, they may
lose (5) with the "grey market" as the population grew older.

Hamish Pringle, the institute's director general, says: "It bothers me that by definition this
means the industry has very few people with any significant business experience. There
are people advising clients on multimillion-pound decisions who are really very wet
behind the (6) . You've got to ask yourself whether that is really good for the
business."

He says increasing numbers of men and women tired (7) by the dual demands of
desk work and essential socialising in the London-dominated industry are leaving around
the age of 40 to achieve a healthier balance between work and home life.

incompatible – feet – varied – concerns – touch – ears –

out Part 28.

Sports psychology is the science of behaviour (1) to exercise and sport

participation. With levels of competition rising ever higher and differences between
competing athletes being measured in fractions of a second, increasing numbers of
sportsmen and women are using sports psychologists to help them gain a competitive
(2) . During the past decade major national organizations addressing the area of
sports psychology have emerged. Parallel increases have been apparent in the number of
books on the topic, but there is a (3) between the large amount of publicity about
the field and the relatively few trained professionals around. Until now it has been a
comparatively unknown area academically, however, in the (4) of the next few
years, with a rising number of universities offering specialist training, this (5) of
affairs will be resolved as more and more people take up the profession in earnest.

applied – edge – discrepancy – course – state

Part 29.

The research in the University of Leicester Department of Media and Communication

examines interest in celebrities and gossip about them. It was carried out by Dr Charlotte
De Backer who (1) in her study to explain interest in celebrity culture.
She said: “Life is about learning, (2) experience and in that process we have a
tendency to observe and mimic the actions of others. Ideally we mimic what makes
others successful and (3) unsuccessful actions others have trialed (and paid for).

“In reality, humans seem to have the tendency to mimic the overall behavior pattern of
higher status or more successful others.

“This explains why celebrities act as role models for broad (4) of behaviour they
display - good or bad.”

Dr De Backer also examined another theory for interest in celebrity, known as the
Parasocial Hypothesis. In this (5) , the bonds are parasocial, or one-way because
the celebrity reveals private information (often involuntary), and the audience members
respond emotionally to this, but there is no feedback of the private life of the audience
going to the celebrity (or hardly ever), and (6) do celebrities display emotions
towards their audience

Her study of 800 respondents and over 100 interviews confirmed that younger
participants showed greater interest in celebrity gossip, even if it was about celebrities
who were a lot older than them and even when they did not know the celebrities. They
showed greatest interest in internationally (7) celebrities, because they
considered those as more prestigious.
Her study also found that older people were interested in celebrity gossip not because
they wanted to learn about the celebrities, but because it helped them to (8)
social networks with other people.

“We did find in the interviews that older people do not gossip about celebrities as
(9) because they want to learn from them or feel befriended with them, but they
use celebrity gossip to (10) with real - life friends and acquaintances.

sought – gaining – avoid – ranges – case – nor – known – form – much –

bond Part 30.

How far should members of the public have to run the risk of personal harm where
scientific or technological innovation is (1) ? In some legal systems, incuding
European Union law, the (2) of the precautionary principle is a statuory
requirement. The precautionary principle advises society to be cautious about a
technology or practice where there is scientific uncertainty, ignorance, gaps in knowledge
or the likelihood of (3) outcomes.
This runs (4) to the optimistic notion that any adverse effects that arise
unintentionally can be addressed. (5) , some claim these may provide an
opportunity to develop new solutions, and in this way contribute to economic growth. For
this reason, the US Chamber of Commerce dislikes the precautionary approach and
prefers the use of sound science, cost – benefit (6) , and risk assessment when
assessing a particular regulatory issue. Its strategy is therefore to : ‘Oppose the domestic
and international adoption of the precautionary principle (7) a basis for
regulatory decision making.’ Yet history (8) us that asbestos, halocarbons and
PCBs seemed like miracle substances at first, but turned out to be highly problematic for
human and environmental health.

concerned – application/adoption – unforeseen – counter – Indeed – analysis – as –

reminds

Part 31.

Our biological clocks govem almost every aspect of our lives. Our sensitivity to stimuli
(1) over the course of the day, and our ability to perform certain functions is
subjects to fluctuations. Consequently, there is an (2) time for tasks such as
making decision: around the middle of the day. Anything that (3) physical co-
ordination, on the other hand, is best attempted in the early evening. What is more , there
is a dramatic drop in performance if these activities are carried out at other times. The
risk of accident in a factory, for example, is 20% higher during the night (4) .
Primitive humans lived their lives in (5) with the daily cycle of light and dark.
Today we are firmly convinced that we can impose schedules on our lives at (6) .
Sooner or later, however, we pay a price for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good
example is jet lag, caused when we confuse our body's biological clocks by
(7) several time zones, people suffering from iet lag can take several days to
(8) to new time zones, and have a reduced ability to make decisions, which is a
wonying thought, as serious (9) of judgment can be made, And this may be just
the tip of the iceberg. An increasing number of people suffer from seasonal affective
disorder (SAD), a form of depression that can be triggered by living in artificial
conditions. SAD can be serious, and sufferers, may (10) need to take

antidepressant drugs.
varies – optimum – demands – shift – tune – will – crossing – adjust – errors – even

Part 32.
In cities around the world a wide range of schemes is being instigated to promote
environmental awareness. ‘It’s just as easy to (1) of litter properly as it is to drop
it on streets’, says the city councillor, who has called on the government to mount a
concerted campaign to deal with the problem of litter. It’s just a question of encouraging
people to do so as a (2) of course. Once the habit is ingrained, they won’t even
(3) they are doing it. After all, think what we have achieved with recyclable waste
in the home. People have become accustomed to doing this, so it doesn’t (4) to
them that they are spending any additional time in the process. Only if they have to carry
this waste for some appreciable distance to find a suitable container do they feel they are
(5) . Most people know they should behave in a responsible way and just need (8)
(6) to do so. So a quirky, light – hearted gimmick might be enough to change
behaviour. With this in (7) , the city of Berlin is introducing rubbish bins that say
‘danke’, ‘thank you’ and ‘merci’. It might just (8) the trick in this city, too.

dispose – matter – notice – occur – inconvenienced – prompting – mind –

do Part 33.

One of the strongest influences on teenagers today is that of their peers. What their
friends think, how they dress and how they act in class and out of it (1) the
behaviour of nearly every teenager. In their (2) not to be different, some children
go so (3) as to hide their intelligence and ability in case they are made fun of.
Generally, teenagers do not want to stand out from the (4) . They want to fit in, to
be accepted. In psychological terms the importance of peer pressure can not be
overemphasized. There is a lot of evidence that it has great (5) on all aspects of
their lives, from the clothes they wear, the music they listen to and their (6) to
studies, to their ambitions in life, their relationships and their (7) of self-worth.
However, as adolescents grow up into young adults, individuality becomes more
acceptable and in their (8) for their personal style, the teenager and young adult
will begin to experiment and be more willing to (9) the risk of rejection by the
group. Concern about intellectual ability and achieving good exam results can dominate
as the atmosphere of competition develops and worries about the future (10) any
fears of appearing too brainy.

affect – efforts – far – crowd – bearing – attitude - sense – search – run – override

Part 34.

As medical science progresses, we are becoming an increasingly elderly (1) and,

although living to a ripe old age can only be a good thing, it brings with it a large number
of problems that we have yet to deal with properly. One (2) problem is that the
burden of financing care for the elderly seems to be (3) on a reduced percentage
of the working population. The gradual but steady trend (4) smaller families is
likely to result in a smaller number of people to pay for the requirements of an
increasingly elderly population. The services needed by the elderly appear to have
stretched to breaking (5) . Nursing homes, homecare, meals on (6) and
so on all need more investment if we wish our elderly to live as fulfilled and independent
a life as possible. Young people today are encouraged to start saving with personal
pension (7) as early as possible to ensure an adequately financed retirement,
since it is predicted that state pension levels in the future will not be enough to guarantee
a (8) of the lifestyle they have become accustomed to. But we still have to cope
with an expanding older population who are discovering too late that the (9)
they had taken to guarantee an income for their later years were not sufficient. Obviously,
the (10) on public funds to subsidize this shortfall is enormous.

society – such – falling – towards – point – wheels - schemes – continuation – steps –

pressure

Part 35.

Our ultimate escape from whatever life has thrown at us during our waking day is sleep.
Nature’s healer lowers our eyelids and (1) us with the comforting blanket of
unconsciousess. Every night we are given a period in which our bodies and minds can
recuperate and (2) us for the trials and demands of the following day. As we all
know, our subconscious controls our quiet periods, taking our (3) on journeys
consisting of events and half-remembered thoughts from our conscious hours. Our
journeys are usually fragmented patterns of sensations and pictures, sometimes pleasant,
sometimes harrowing.

These periods of (4) and dreams are essential for our health and well-being but
an increasing number of people today suffer from an inability to enjoy this necessary
form of escape. Insomnia affects a high proportion of us and this frustrating, debilitating
malady can have dire results. The insomniac wades (5) his waking hours in a
fog. Creative thought can be deadened, reflexes slowed and sensations dimmed. If this
ability to sleep lasts for more than a week or two, what is known as chronic insomnia
(6) in, sometimes causing severe depression and leaving the sufferer unable to
cope with daily life.

covers – prepare – minds – consciousness – through – sets

Part 36.

Throughout history people of all cultures have (1) to their dreams as a means of
finding solutions to problems or answers to specific questions. Nowadays it may seem to
be a forgotten art, but controlled dreaming is increasingly being advocated as a means of
tapping (2) the causes of deep – rooted problems. The procedure, known as
“incubating a dream”, is not difficult and almost anyone can develop the habit of
focusing
on a specific question before (3) off, in the hope that the subconscious will
provide enlightment. Answers may come in the (4) of symbols or events and
may not be immediately obvious, but with guidance and practice, almost anyone can do
it.

Many dream enthusiasts have gone a step (5) and perfected a technique known
as ‘lucid dreaming’. This (6) training your mind to stay awake while dreaming
in order to coherently experience the dream and even control it. Most of us are familiar
with the kind of dream where we know we are dreaming, but being able to do it at
(7) and having the capacity to influence events in the dream is a subtle art. This
technique has been shown to be a useful way of facing up to one’s fears, insecurities,
doubts or negative (8) . Conversely, lucid dreaming can be a kind of wish
fulfilment, opening up unlimited (9) within the imagination, empowering the
dreamer in a way that can be carried over into waking life as an additional (10)
to one’s self-esteem or feelings of well-being.

turned – into – dropping – form – further – involves – will – emotions – avenues –

boost

Part 37.

Some current evidence (1) that dreams may serve no useful psychological or
physiological function, and perform no adaptive role in maintaining our psychological
health. In fact, some researchers believe that dreams are merely an evolutionary by-
product of sleep (2) with a gradually awakening consciousness in human beings
– a developmental cognitive achievement assigned to the healthy functioning of a
complex neural network located in specific (3) of the forebrain.

Nevertheless, the way dreams reflect our emotional preoccupations or run (4) to
our awakened states of consciousness may explain why, throughout history, dreams have
been (5) to various uses. For example, in many societies dreams would be used
by shamans or witch doctors as a means to diagnose or cure illnesses, or to (6)
off evil spirits. Occasionally, dreams would be used to predict the weather or (7)
prophecies. In modern times dreams have been used by psychotherapists as a means of
understanding the patient’s (8) of mind, or simply to induce him or her to talk
about repressed feelings. Dreams may (9) be used socially, as an ice-breaker, or
as a way for some people to express fantasies. But there are emergent functions, coming
(10) as a result of dreams rather than causing them.

suggests – combined – areas - parallel – put – fend – make – state – even –

about Part 38.

A few generations ago, a university education could only be aspired (1) by an

elite minority. In the last few decades, however, a change has slowly but (2) been
taking place and prospective students who, a century ago, would have known that even a
basic education was beyond their (3) , can now look forward to gaining a degree
in higher education. Universities have been (4) into places not only of learning,
but also of business and are (5) out on a regular basis their finished product – the
graduate.

However, degree – holders are still faced with a problem. What used to be a passport to
employment is no longer a (6) of success. And (7) so: there are so many
graduates on the job market these days that it would be impossible to employ them all.
Were employers able to do (8) , everyone would surely be a great deal happier.
Consequenty, a number of schemes have been set up in order to help and advise those
(9) who have been unable to find work. The matter of further education is still
(10) that needs attention.

to – surely – reach – transformed – churning – guarantee – understandably – so –

graduates – one

Part 39.

There has been a significant (1) in entertainment trends over the last twenty
years or so. Entertainment used to be public; now it is becoming more and more
(2) . Formerly, people wanting to amuse themselves did so in groups; these days,
people (3) entertain themselves on their own.

Long, long ago, there were storytellers. They used to travel around the country and their
(4) was awaited with eager anticipation. In the more (5) past, people
used to have musical evenings, they used to play games together, or simply sit around the
fire and chat.
Nowadays, instead of playing board games in a group, children play video games alone
or with one (6) person. People of all ages spend their evenings alone watching
televisions, videos and DVDs. And large numbers of young (and not so young)
enthusiasts spend their free time surfing the net, which, by its very (7) , tends to
be a solitary activity.

Forms of entertainment have always been changing of course, but it could be said that
these recent changes – all products of technological development – (8) a more
fundamental shift. One could (9) argue that this shift is symbolised by the
earphones that are in evidence everywhere. Can this deliberate attempt to (10)
out the rest of the world really be called entertainment?

shift – private – do - arrival – recent – other – nature – mark – further –

shut Part 40.

An Italian academic, Giorgio Stabile, has (1) to light the fact that the ubiquitous
symbol of Internet era communication, the @ sign used in email addresses, is (2)
a 500-year-old invention of Italian merchants. He claims to have stumbled on the earliest
known example of the symbol’s use, as an (3) of a measure of weight or volume.
He said the @ sign (4) an amphora, a measure of capacity based on the terracotta
jars (5) to transport grain and liquid in the ancient Mediterranean world. The first
known (6) of its use occurred in a letter written by a Florentine merchant on May
4, 1536. The ancient symbol was uncovered in the (7) of research for a visual
th
history of the 20 century. Apparently, the sign had made its (8) along trade
routes to northern Europe, where it took on its contemporary accountancy (9) :
“at the price of”. According to Professor Stabile, the oldest example could be of great
value as it could be used for publicity (10) and to enhance the prestige of the
institution that has it in their possession.

brought – actually – indication – represented – used – instance – course – way -

meaning – purposes

Part 41.

These days, there is a growing band of 'shoestring renovators' who, in a (1)

where finance is hard to come by, are scaling (2) their refurbishment plans and
coming up with imaginative ways to transform their homes. Extra money is in short
(3) so things are done (4) the cheap - not in a nasty way but in a way
that makes use of materials that other people don't want. Sarah and her husband are an
example of this way of a (5) budget: the loan on an old cottage they bought was
reduced by the bank so they had no choice but to do most of the work themselves.

Sarah spent every spare minute for a year painting and decorating. She sourced materials
and furniture from eBay and recycled friends' unwanted possessions. Do-It-Yourself,
however, is not (6) its hazards: Steve, Sarah's husband, (7) himself out
cold for two hours by hitting his head on a low beam above the front door. Another time,
they only just (8) to save their new kitchen furniture from being ruined after a
mains water pipe burst. However, the upside is that the project has opened up a new
(9) for Sarah - people have seen her work and have suggested she start up her
own home-styling business. And the cottage next door is for sale so more creative
furniture sourcing could lie just around the (10) !

climate – back – supply – on – tight – without – knocked – managed – avenue –

corner

Part 42.

Many students in the UK consider doing a gap year before going to university. Critics
(1) whether it is a just a long glorified holiday or if it's really worth doing. Does
it actually help students in their careers? Some educational establishments (2)
encourage students to take a gap year and recommend that students take advantage of the
opportunities (3) . However, most of them would prefer it if the students did
some (4) of voluntary work instead of just having a holiday. There are numerous
organisations which organise these trips for students and it's a good idea to (5)
them out online. One of the main advantages is that it's a great way to get to know more
about different cultures and, for many, it is also a painless way to learn another language
by speaking to local people. Volunteers who stay in local homes say that they get the
chance to experience local culture and customs and, in (6) , to try a variety of
food which they wouldn't (7) have tried. When I was 18 years old, I had set my
(8) on going to work in Africa for a year, but unfortunately my parents wouldn’t
let me go and (9) that I went to university immediately. I'm 49 years old and still
haven’t had my gap year! Maybe one day I'll get (10) to doing it.

question – do – available – kind – check – particular – otherwise – heart – insisted -

around

Part 43.
Violence is alive and well on television. Yet there appears to be a difference in the quality,
variety, and pervasiveness of today’s televised violence. Some observers believe that, as a
result of more than three decades of television, viewers have developed a kind of
(1) to the horror of violence. By the age of 16, for example, the (2)
young person will have seen some 18,000 murders on television. One extension of this
phenomenon may be an appetite for more varied kinds of violence. On the basis of the
amount of exposure, certain things that initially would have been beyond the (3)
have become more readily accepted.

Violence on TV has been more prevalent than in recent years, in (4) measure
because there are fewer situation comedies and more action series. But also because some
25 million of the nation’s 85 million homes with television now receive one of the pay
cable (5) which routinely show uncut feature films containing graphic violence
as early as 8 in the evening.

The evidence is (6) so overwhelming that just as witnessing violence in the

home may contribute to children learning and acting out violent behavior, violence on
TV and in the movies may lead to the same result. Studies have shown that a steady diet
of watching graphic violence or sexually violent films such as those shown on cable TV
has caused some men to be more (7) to accept violence against women. Not only
actual violence, but the kind of violence coming through the television screen is causing
concern. One of the principal developments is the increasing sophistication of the
weaponry. The simple gunfight of the past has been augmented by high-tech crimes like
terrorist bombings. Programs in the past used the occasional machine gun, but
(8) weapons as the M-60 machine gun and Uzi semi-automatic have become
commonplace today on network shows.

Many people are no longer concerned about televised violence because they feel it is the
(9) of the world. It is high time that broadcasters provided public (10)
on TV screens that would warn viewers about the potentially harmful effects of viewing
violence.

community – average – pale – large – services – becoming – willing – such – way –

messages

Part 44.

Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not geographically, of
course, but in the (1) that media, technology and the opening of borders has
enabled the world’s citizens to view, share and gain access to a much wider range of
cultures, societies and world views. In this (2) pot that the world has become,
today’s child is privy (3) facets of the human experience that his immediate
predecessors had no inkling even existed. It (4) to reason that in order to absorb,
configure and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet, children must be
supplied with certain tools. (5) in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills,
cultural awareness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the
latter. Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would
have been considered a very (6) entity. This one-language phenomenon could be
attributed to a combination of factors. One of them is that the monolingual environment
in which a child was raised played a strong role, (7) did the limited, biased
education of the past. With regard to immigrants, the sad fact was that non-native parents
tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue so that the child would acquire the
‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country. Nowadays, the situation has
(8) an almost complete reversal. In the majority of North American and
European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second or even a
third language. Children acquire these foreign languages through various and diverse
means. In many countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state
school (9) . Other children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve
their goal. In other instances, children are (10) to bilingual parents, who, if they
so desire, may teach the children two languages.

sense – melting – to – stands – Included – rare – as – undergone – curriculum –

born Part 45.

Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are
constantly making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behavior to
them in (1) with these judgments. A casual meeting of neighbors on the street, an
employer giving instructions to an employee, a mother telling her children how to
behave, a journey in a train where strangers eye one another without exchanging a word -
all these involve (2) interpretations of personal qualities. Success in many
vocations largely depends on skill in (3) up people. It is important not only to
such professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but
also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit
his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, (4)
to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would be (5) if
we did not, to some extent, understand, and react to the motives and qualities of those we
meet; and clearly we are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes, although we
also recognize that misinterpretations easily (6) - particularly on the part of
others who judge us! Errors can often be corrected as we go (7) . But whenever
we are (8) down to a definite decision about a person, which cannot easily be
revised through his 'feed-back', the inadequacies of our judgments become apparent. The
hostess who wrongly thinks that the Smiths and the Joneses will get on well together can
do (9) to retrieve the success of her party. A school or a business may be saddled
for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which
interviewed him for a quarter of an hour (10) his personality.

accordance – mutual – sizing – not – impossible – arise – along – pinned – little -

misjudged

Part 46.

Can you feel your anxiety and stress levels increasing every time you get caught in a
traffic jam? Do you find it difficult to control your tongue when your boss points out
your shortcomings yet again? Do you (1) for state-of-the-art technology in your home
that you haven’t had to pay for? If you are shouting an enthusiastic “Yes!” in answer to
these questions, then it could be (2) to make a career and life change that may
not even require you to quit your job.

Working from home is a relatively new phenomenon, but is becoming an increasingly

popular (3) with both businesses and employees. The technology available to us
means that we no longer need to be in the same office building as our colleagues to
communicate effectively with each other. Companies may choose to employ a proportion
of their staff as home-based workers, as, of course, a workforce set up in such a way
requires far less office (4) and fewer parking facilities. The fixed costs of a
business can be dramatically reduced. Employees can enjoy the added benefits of
freedom to schedule the day as they choose and freedom to spend more time at home
with their families. We can even go so far as to say that the working-from-home
phenomenon could be one of the answers to the pollution problems which the modern
world has inflicted upon (5) . Fewer people travelling to work every day equals
fewer cars. Fewer cars, of course, to lower CO2 levels in the atmosphere.
(6)

But what are the drawbacks to working at home? For many of us, work is a means of
(7) our nearest and dearest and making our own mark on the world. The
relationships we have with our colleagues are a significant part of our life - after all, full-
time workers spend a third of their day in their workplace. Some people who work from
home feel that they are actually much more (8) and can get tasks done in a much
shorter time than in an office environment. Others, however, may be demotivated by the
isolation and find it difficult to get down to tasks which have a more intangible deadline.

As with most aspects of life, a (9) is probably the best solution for the majority
of workers – a job based at home which requires regular contact with colleagues at
regular meetings. Management surveys show that successful business is easier if we
operate as a (10) : brainstorming and sharing ideas and offering support and
motivation to each other. After all, we are only human and we need others to complain to
if we have a bad day at work!

yearn – time – option – space – itself – equates – escaping – productive – balance –

team

Part 47.

Beauty is the (1) of a thing or person that gives you pleasure. Inner beauty refers
to psychological factors, such as intelligence, kindness, compassion, and honesty. Outer
beauty, or physical attractiveness, refers to factors such as looks, health, youthfulness,
and symmetry.

Is the ability to define physical or psychological attractiveness innate or learned ? Is

beauty objective or subjective? There is some (2) that the sense of beauty is
subjective and culturally relative. The popular saying “beauty is in the eye of the
(3) ” tells us that different people have different opinions about what is beautiful.
For example, most Westerners consider a woman with a wide mouth attractive, while
many Chinese regard a woman with a small mouth as beautiful. During part of China’s
history, women with big feet were considered to be ugly. Traditional Chinese foot-
binding was (4) to keep a woman’s feet tiny and thus “beautiful”. To people in
the modern world, the foot-binding of women was painful, horrible, and ugly. These two
examples suggest that some ideas about beauty are learned and (5) to change.

On the other hand, research indicates that a preference for beautiful faces (6)
early in a child’s development. A small child plays with facially attractive dolls longer
than with facially unattractive dolls. Children innately pay attention to the beauty of
nature.

People from various cultures and periods of time may have slightly different ideas about
beauty. Nonetheless, they usually share many (7) of beauty. A kind, honest, and
intelligent individual is attractive. So is a healthy, youthful person with a mathematically
(8) face and a well – proportioned body. The appreciation of many aspects of
both inner beauty and outer beauty is innate.

Many aspects of beauty have been valued throughout human (9) . Our notion of
beauty is innate, though that innate sense may be (10) by the environment.

quality – evidence – beholder – intended – subject – occurs – standards – average –

history – influenced

Part 48.

Early civilisations, as (1) to merely primitive early societies, seem to have a

common positive characteristic in that they change human (2) of things. They
bring together the cooperative efforts of large number of people, usually bringing them
together physically in large agglomerations.

Civilisation is usually marked by urbanisation. It would be a bold individual was willing

to draw a precise (3) at the moment when the balance tipped (4) a
dense pattern of agricultural villages clustered (5) a religious centre or a market
to reveal the first true city. However, it is perfectly resonable to say that more than any
(6) institution has provided the critical mass which produces civilisation.

Inside the city, the surpluses of wealth produced by agriculture made possible other
things (7) of civilised life. They provided for the upkeep of a priestly (8)
which elaborated a complex religious structure, leading to the construction of great
buidings (9) more than merely economic functions, and in due (10) to
the writing down of literature.

opposed – scale – line – towards – around/round – other – characteristic – class -

serving – course

Part 49.

The average citizen is bombarded with TV commercials, posters and newspapers

advertisements (1) he goes. Not only this, but promotional material is constantly
on (2) , with every available public space from shop to petrol station covered
with advertising of some kind. People who are foolish enough to drive with their
windows open are likely to have leaflets advertising everything and anything thrust in at
them. The amount of advertising to which we are (3) is phenomenal, yet
advertisers are being hurt by their industry’s worst recession in a decade and a conviction
that is in many respects more frightening than the (4) and busts of capitalism: the
belief that advertising can go no further. Despite the ingenuity of the advertisers, who, in
their need to make advertisements as visually as attractive as possible, often totally
obscure the message, the consumer has become increasingly cynical and simply blanks
(5) all but the subtlest messages. The advertising industry has therefore turned to
a more vulnerable (6) : the young.

The messages specifically aimed at children are for toys and games – whose promotional
budgets increased fivefold in the 1990s – and fast food, which dominate the children’s
advertising market. However the main thrust of advertising in this area is no longer
(7) traditional children‘s products. Advertisers acknowledge that the commercial
pressures of the 1990s had an extraordinary effect on childhood: it is now generally
believed that the cut-off (8) for buying toys has been falling by one year every
five years. Research suggests that while not so many years ago children were happy with
Lego or similar construction games at ten or eleven, most of today’s children (9)
them at six or seven. In effect, the result is the premature (10) of children.

wherever – view – exposed – booms – out – target – towards – point – abandon –

ageing/aging

Part 50.

The game of solving difficult puzzles has always filled people with the feeling of a
profound excitement. No (1) , then, that the fascination of treasure hunting has
invariably been associated with the possibility of (2) the most improbable
dreams. According to what the psychologists claim, there is a little boy in every treasure
hunter. Yet, the chase of hidden valuables has recenlty become a serious venture with
amateur and professional seekers equipped with highly sophisticated (3) like
matal detectors, radars, sonars or underwater cameras.

What (4) the adrenaline level in these treasure - obsessed fanatics are legends,
myths, old maps and other variety of clues promising immeasurable fortunes (5)
beneath the earh's surface or drowned in the ancient galleys.

For many reasure hunters the struggle of hint searching is even more stimulating than
digging out a treasure (6) composed of golden or silver objects, jewellery and
other priceless artefacts. The job is, however, extremely strenuous as even the most
puzzling clues must be thoroughly analysed. Failures and misinterpertations (7)
quite frequently, too.Yet, (8) the most unlikely clue or the smallest find is enough
to reinforce the hunter's self - confidence and passion.
Indeed, the delight in treasure finding doesn't always depend on acquiring tremendous
amounts of valuables. Whatever is detected, (9) it a rusty sundial or a marble
statue, brings joy and (10) after a long and exhausting search.

wonder – realizing – devices –raises – buried – trove – occur – even – be - reward