Internship report

Internship Report on ICT Center

Submitted by:
Group name. ID NO
1.Heidar Usmael. Ramit/1695/10
2.Jemal Mohamed. Ramit/1709/10
3.Gemechu Yones. Ramit/1667/10
4.Hussen Mohammednur . Ramit/1704/10
5.Hanan Meles ramit/801/09

Arba minch ,Ethiopia

June 2021
Acknowledgment

First of all, we would like to thank God keeping our healthy to do this project, second and foremost, we
would like to thanks our advisor Ms.Sinidu T for his guidence and support and the workers of Arba
minch university ICT centers for their contribution to our project.

We would like to express our gratitude to our friends especially for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which help us in completion of this project. Lastly, our thanks and appreciation also
go to department of computer science to give us the opportunity to develop the project in which we
have exercise the real problem.

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Executive summary
This report is prepared on the basis of some days practical works at Arbaminch university ICT center..
This internship program helped us to learn about the practical scenario of information communication
development technology agency.

As a main purpose of internship to learn by working in practical environment and to apply the

knowledge acquired during studies in a real world scenario. In order to tackle the problems using the
knowledge and skill learned during the academic process.

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Contents
1.Frist date:.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 What are Network Devices....................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Cable crimping............................................................................................................................1
1.2.2 Cat 6 UTP cable.............................................................................................................................3
1.2.3 RJ45 Interface...............................................................................................................................3
1.2.4 Crimper...............................................................................................................................................3
1.2.5 Cable tester....................................................................................................................................4
1. 3 Printer sharing................................................................................................................................4
1.4 file sharing using cross over cable........................................................................................................4
2. Second date : computer maintenance.................................................................................................5
2.1 Hardware maintenance.....................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Preventive...................................................................................................................................5
2.1.2 System unit.................................................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Motherboard.................................................................................................................................5
2.1.4 CPU(Central Processing Unit).............................................................................................................6
2.1.5 RAM(Random Access Memory)......................................................................................................7
2.1.6 Hard disk........................................................................................................................................7
2.1.7 Computer Fan....................................................................................................................................8
2.1.8 Power supply unit...........................................................................................................................8
2.1.9 Cache memory................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Software maintenance......................................................................................................................9
2.2.1 PC formatting..............................................................................................................................9
2.3 Constraints/Challenges........................................................................................................................10
2.4 Acquired knowledge........................................................................................................................10
2.5 Improving theoretical knowledge....................................................................................................10
2.6 In terms of improving practical skills..............................................................................................10
2.7 In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill...................................................................11

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1.Frist date:
1.1 Introduction.

There are different types of electronic devices are used in networking which are known as network
devices or network equipment. In a computer network, network devices are mainly used for
transmitting and receiving the data quickly and securely in between computers, fax machines, printers,
etc. These devices may be intra network or internetwork. There are some devices are installed on the
device such as RJ45 connector otherwise NIC card , whereas some devices are part of the network
namely switch , router, etc. These devices are specific devices, handles digital or electrical connections
to perform their exclusive roles very efficiently. This article discusses an overview of network devices
and their working.

1.2 What are Network Devices

Definition: The devices which are used for communication between different hardware’s used in the
computer network are known as network devices. These devices are also known as physical devices,
networking hardware, and network equipment otherwise computer networking devices. In a computer
network , each network device plays a key role based on their functionality, and also works for
different purposes at different segments.

1.2.1 Cable crimping

 The steps to crimp RJ45 are:
 We can use this procedure both for straight through and crossover cable arrangement.
 1. Cut the cable by the cutter , Strip cable end , Untwist wire ends , Arrange wires
,Trim wires to size , Attach connector , Check ,Crimp , Test
 Straight through UTP cable: use to connect different network devices like
 Switch to router

 Switch to PC
 Switch to server

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 Straight through UTP cable……

Side A Side B
1. White/orange 1. White/Orange
2. Orange 2. Orange
3. White/green 3. White/Green
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. White/Blue 5. White/Blue
6. Green 6.Green
7. White/Brown 7. White/Brown
8. Brown 8. Brown

 Both sides (side A and side B) of cable have wire arrangement with the same color. 
Crossover UTP cable: use to connect the same types of network devices such as
 PC to PC
 Switch to switch by using normal port
 Router LAN port to switch normal port
 The two sides (side A and side B) of cable have wire arrangement with the different
color.

Cross over cable order…….

Side A Side B
1. White/Green 1. White/Orange
2. Green 2. Orange
3. White/Orange 3. White/Green
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. White/Blue 5. White/Blue
6. Orange 6. Green

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 7. White/Brown 7. White /Brown
8. Brown 8. Brown

1.2.2 Cat 6 UTP cable  

 It is a standardized cable for Gigabit Ethernet and other network physical layers.

1.2.3 RJ45 Interface

RJ45 interface is the most common twisted-pair connector for Ethernet cables and networks.
“RJ” means “registered jack”, which is a standardized telecommunication network interface for
connecting voice and data equipment to a service provided by a local exchange carrier or long
distance carrier. The physical connectors that registered jacks use are mainly the modular
connector and 50-pin miniature ribbon connector types. RJ45 connector is an 8-position, 8-
contact (8P8C) modular plug and jack, which is commonly used to connect computers onto
Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN). RJ45 cable plug is usually
made of a plastic piece with eight pins on the port. Four of the pins are used
for sending and receiving data, and the other four are used for other
technologies or power networking devices.

1.2.4 Crimper

 It is used for crimping a cable after we finished possible order of the color for straight
through and crossover using RJ-45.

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1.2.5 Cable tester

 It is a device that is used to test the strength and connectivity of a particular type of
cable or other wired assemblies.

1. 3 Printer sharing

 Printer sharing allows more than one computers to use a single printer without any
problem. This will decrease space and cost complexity.
 Some steps will be followed to complete this task:-
1. Connect PC remotely with the PC which is directly connected to the printer.
2. Open control panel.
3. Double click devices and printers.
4. Double click on your printer icon; go to printer task left pane on the devices and
printers.
5. Click on sharing.
6. Fill share name textbox of your choice that associated with printer type or brand.
7. Click on Apply then ok.

1.4 file sharing using cross over cable

1: Connect Both PCs With LAN Cable. 

2: Enable Network Sharing on Both PCs. Now that you have physically connected both PCs
with a LAN cable, we have to turn on Network sharing on both computers to exchange
files between them. ...
3: Setup Static IP. ...
4: Share a folder.

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2. Second date : computer maintenance

2.1 Hardware maintenance.

2.1.1 Preventive
All maintenance begins with preventive maintenance and it is the major one that is why
we were doing preventive maintenance every week. I Was using blower to complete this
task.

2.1.2 System unit

 The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," contains the main
components of a desktop computerand used to hold all the other components
together and protect the sensitive electronic parts from the outside elements.
System unit has many Components such as :- 
 Motherboard.
 CPU or Processor.
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Hard disk or Hard drive.
 Computer fan.
 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drives.
 Power supply unit (PSU)
 Floppy disk drive.
So all of the component have their own function .let we can see one by one

2.1.3 Motherboard

 The board is called ‘mother’ because it has all the connectors to the other
hardware components of the computer system.
 This means that all input and output (I/O) devices have their connectors on the
motherboard. It has a socket for holding the Central Processing Unit (CPU) or

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 processor with heat sinks and fan mounting location(s) very close to the socket
due to the huge amount of heat produced by the CPU (especially high speed
CPU) during its operations.
 It also holds a slot for the main memory, a slot for video or graphics card and a
backup battery.

2.1.4 CPU(Central Processing Unit)

 Is a hardware component responsible for all operations that is carried out

in the computer’s system which is why most computer users refer to it as
the brain of the computer and it is held on the motherboard by a slot.
The CPU or processor has two main components which are :-
 control unit (CU)
 arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
The CU extracts instructions from the memory and executes them in order to
control input and output devices while the ALU carries out the arithmetic and
logical processes.

2.1.5 RAM(Random Access Memory)

 Is the main memory of the computer system whose main function is to

store data temporary.
 It allows data to be accessed easily by the CPU based on the fact that data
is accessed randomly (in no specific order).

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  It also speeds up the computer’s operations because of its ability to allow
random access to data.

2.1.6 Hard disk

 The major storage device of the computer system is the hard disk or Hard
drive.
 Unlike the RAM that stores data temporary, the hard drive stores
information, files and other documents permanently as its main function
and also allows the retrieval of data but it is non-volatile(data is not loss
when the computer goes off).
 Operating system and application software (apps) are installed on thishard
drive.

2.1.7 Computer Fan

 During operations by the computer the CPU produces a lot of heat

and heat could always cause damage to your computer, that is why
the CPU fan is put in place to keep the CPU under the required
temperature.

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  The case fan is to keep the system unit cooled. The CPU is not the
only source of heat but the environment around the system unit
especially when temperature is been raised very high by sunshine.
 The hard drive does not produce as much heat as the CPU so in
some system units you may not even see the hard drive fan but
some also do have. Therefore, all computer fans’ prime function is
to cool down and maintain a conducive temperature within the
system unit for smooth operations.

2.1.8 Power supply unit

 Just as any electronic device needs electrical power to

function, so as the system unit’s components.
 But the components do not work with the power from your
wall socket so the computer power supply unit receives the
alternating current (AC) and converts it to a controlled
direct current (DC) for the components to function.

2.1.9 Cache memory

 Cache memory is a chip-based computer component that makes retrieving data from the
computer's memory more efficient.
 It acts as a temporary storage area that the computer's processor can retrieve data from
easily.
There are different level of cache memory such as:-

 L1 cache, or primary cache, is extremely fast but relatively small, and is usually

embedded in the processor chip as CPU cache.
 L2 cache, or secondary cache, is often more capacious than L1. ...
 Level 3 (L3) cache is specialized memory developed to improve the performance of
L1 and L2.

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 EXPANSION SLOT AND CARD
 an expansion slot is a connection or port inside a computer on the motherboard or
riser card. It provides an installation point for a hardware expansion card to be
connected.
 expansion cards are a great way to increase the functionality or capabilities of a system.

2.2 Software maintenance.

2.2.1 PC formatting

 We also trying to see how to format pc and giving a domain name for that computer.

operating system 
 system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and
provides common services for computer programs.
type of operating system
 DOS(Disk Operating System) :  is a single tasking, single user and is
CLI based OS 
 windows:  computer operating system (OS) developed
by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs).
Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM-compatible PCs.
Operating system installation.
 Custom: when we use the same operating system with the current I choice it.
 Upgrade: change to different operating system
formatting
There are 2 forms of formatting these are:-
 Full format
 Half format with keeping data in other partition

2.3 Constraints/Challenges
Challenges happen from different direction that may delays the activity and workflow.

The major challenge for us to communicate with the workers, within few days.

 Works were repetition/ repeated activities observed daily.

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  They were so busy so we are not able to work with them most of the time.

 The center of the employer no take care to the internship students in case of work load.

2.4 Acquired knowledge

In our two days internship program we got a minor of benefits from our hosting
company theoretical knowledge, practical skills, improving communication skill ,
solving capability and work ethics.

2.5 Improving theoretical knowledge

 Theoretical knowledge is the information, understanding and skill concerned with ideas
and principles
 Apply classroom theoretical part to real work situations.
 Stimulate new interest in academic course works.
 Knowing the general safety rules of each operation.

2.6 In terms of improving practical skills

 Practical skill is connected with real situations rather than it is ideas and theories.
 Improve our practical skill in the operation of difference machineries,
 Increase our practical skill in the maintenance and gaining knowledge from practical
work is easier than from theoretical learning process

2.7 In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill

 Interpersonal communication is usually describing participants who are dependent upon

one another.
 It can involve one on one conversations or individuals interacting with many people. It
helps us to understand how and why people behave and communicate in different ways to
construct and negotiate a social reality.

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 Summary and Conclusions
 The internship program in intended to introduce the students to the real
experiences of the job they will be working on after graduation.
 starting from finding the hosting company working inside and observing the ways
in which the work flows and the job is done to how the experiences affects the
interns, the internship program is a great way to let students face the real
challenges and benefits of being a professional .
 I got some knowledge about network maintenance and its work flow. I develop
our The internship program has its own encouraged and highly advanced sides.
But it has some weakness that needs to be restricted managed and corrected as
Institute level such as
 There is no training program for the employers and student to enhance their
performance.
 Shortage of safety materials for the workers.
 There is no enough attention for the intern students
 social communication skill.

Recommendation
 The internship program has its own encouraged and highly advanced sides.
But it has some weakness that needs to be restricted managed and corrected as Institute
level such as:-
 There is no training program for the employers and student to enhance their
performance.
 Shortage of materials for the practice.
 There is no enough attention for the intern students

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