)*q*tv+

&'(r@Adl
prfipgmnn@ nnrgrbn$qr
ndgor U[IdD6ri'
E
t3: e'ufi6 agrru ao2a otnfuE ,raaa,26,
-
+a|.f4il@4 630561. &og,,.ryi4r 84897 77t4O
vfitsdl Fiy ftzchal,, &raaloe ,oga,
ch/@r@i46 ei$ ire 0,6adl
$&cdr

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 a

'-Dr S 'T D ',ilD 6

iA odtr 6f b6,w pnarf o'$Ecfu 6lpn r-Lgol.)

g$rffuti:
t gSolobranneir t
urfir-fi Eat. gr. Eu'rturn&SLqwro,it
Erth,6r,, t9l.mrirg.'

€r5lnfi$gldD4:
tr thrfi 8, ur oomrt8 f norf wcir
fik,et,, 6l.srrirg.'

I
l Glanpeocu u$uucrb
I
aeertntut - 600 001.
I

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 G)onpouro 6ra:oflu9@: 3
APP uflirL)
S6tr@, 198l' l-

3
*'
*
KORKAI i
u$)iunenri :

Qa,rfieo,uit uSttuu'rb
2, GrcL@$ 6P(D,
?,ear?eor - 1'

p&uu-rrfiaeh';
Opgrttu Er,orr--tig&
urfr B?6rolr.ltb
r-94nLG2, 6ic<'tr&,w - 1

RK ryri; 9t6rr6lu
49, g:t 6lPcD, 6i,xo,r&,w - L

6lar. 6tat. 6,. &bryrEtmru'fr 8&?otr

6pfog& 6,o(0, 6)onPeoo - 698 80 I

6lor.P,o' 44&earh,
I l, O,ldra'-rntil 6i.p'.g, 6}tr'Er&ur-5'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 ormftrgiro!
trs*,tfr 8. urooarfifirlmwfrrr,m
p6 g6;mr $ g Etat p$ p&uorri,
6lcchfuidr uoto&rud; apsrb
e-o--e pnar8a eurya:irppoL gilpir;u{p .@t--rb Ouatgpb
.5}aS*Er g,81g,t pnorfiaungtil. af,tC+s ntJlqptb arpgtth
ceoflolri r6l&s pr.Spori; @a1- cLrfieurg/ eroirgld 6pnr-tgo6g2rn
pnarfiorir crerirgti 6gnr-r9o8gl6 ,66ihCt awtrfrSp Op6or,s
creursunf . cremGorBra5r qprll6rn6sh 6iaroinunoir&u q6Slrffu:ii
ggl"lgrfiprgri "ssi:Gprairpl mr6rGpnerirlEci; olcugbGp
orrGorr@ lgoai,r Gpnerir fr Vpp tg+" 6rdhg, un4ne@run
yruir;uri. O,cEg; ugr6olru-rdr 6u19sornu1Lh Folppp p:d$rr,rth,
$;ur4otGa:nrqqri Ourgoir rlpLou-.r rlotorr-oqtb pu-rgord&o
peiler9ortonqgtb. Seirorn4 euleunpglu iuqlorrou4& nne,flx&
dlpftrqrh o;neuufla o.ror,3lrb prdporrb 6snoin@ $aSatpS68;
arywn gr,Epa$$nh pn@ti J6trdr5r(Oro'rgri. q:flrytb
6 fi uun a p pur'gs;i$ ;3r uainoo'-,o l'/fit ptg)6'Lr ur--rgor oeh nfu

gr.0pf pnorf,o ornri&6)dg6 runeurFls GroLiunirggr,,Eh qbflal

grlg&,ueoflseh ufl): qSu9glrn ptqgoeorr--u_l $w Gup@sEr
6rfaormr5 96 ot-posoyu r:r__rqennilaoh .fl&r:$p nl,rgilol 6ttpr
o9lsto-q"'. anar G)zuoiron p8pg,h *i_ei: 6);usherrgdlDg6 gl,d$E,
GunO g;rg<iaar$oair rcr-$rb enemrdarlgrusurdurdr @p gt*p
goolur--rgemrdr*otr $ah gl o9orrdligdahgror .
@p p,O ugri...G)u1grb Oulgeoro aurtL Sp gorplqgoonfuaofieir
Ati.E GenpreooEi geapg:altngd'. $66l6oilGoro8 ronorir_s
4d g";'g, flfiryryrtup ..i6(4rb @r'r upih r,iuqganro atrtl$p
Gonprors *ryn uga tn q;;ofrtr !cEg* g god6r Oareifl prirgord olcrnfl
6p8$ 6lun6r'@ at$gr priL,dti Gaei;ryrrb orLenrb 6tun6gpFu_t
u^t'r+fitatrlb aglenafudtrg,r. 6tonp;os gopgt o_o:ou r1e [ibupp
dorflGurunpJro.liroi.r er96rbr9 qewFf,f,gl- Glsnefnr__ Apllgfi
(gffrrE,.
gb Wurflrffr_rri ggo.loilrarrdr .Er;arriaeir pdg,n pth p$a;reu
rorri: 6lurporzuei erira , oneugbpFeb q6O ffgOl* lggnir$n_r
6lanpenap golpgapsdr ugrb6lLagrb ap,iA,UrS- pea
euyeorfig& eyn gTdr *nr_rg ppaglqoirennrf. aonpoa
gq.qp grdr&I s,rn8q +prJnrgt ulbgu ur+p1grr q6;rrrir&A&
lgfiuqahr g_ drlr-+ geirogloflu Sr58-hrctfrpCqlii opgrn
grudm crqgpqeirennri. @oeidu:airsofreb Ornproro rreirbaleir

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 lv
orr6p6borr6 @oflgp* flr,r $1|,uL@oer g erarupbrs
pBiuroraal6 Opafizunoalr-b 6rOgEriDr$ gtairerrt. Sr;re$t-
grlr9o--<ioanrri pbp areil@Oorsil g;arrioolleSr ogpp8aultb
4trfierr&Gs a9h--nglpbgeternt. 6lanp,ana cra8rglri Ouurf&
euycuur$ap o9)fcuno qqrfu$gafternft. Grng[urf, orgfl
@gan4rh Scnr-3bEteiren arqalrgrgrti er;nga&,r aJ+Fglp
pligairarnft. uncdnrqru uahemf (gdD.OEJ Ssnorqefs6rff6tr
@lg4iorotrnacrlb . gncmrtrni.reh otr+6rgrb .94riaan&urunrolr-b
Gorpara glrunir€u 8ri rflg I pft9?llr & 6,6ttr-1 p& d,ar $g1&1E&.
U,6gl e,9enu1rh ggTyna& Gtcrrrrlora ageirrdrdul 8pfu rrG.gg,
dmnpdairgri. Grooefupofefu gpl0qo&n a9lrfiotna er9endrd$
pfi,gsftmrt. Aeifleofl aaefi&rgtb 6eur$'a&n3ii 6,tt-q b
pfigetrerrft.
6onpolna & g u S p :, enati-n r ri +cs la gtco pg:su ui rgeur
'
rorm;b glauirEu EpuEbr otya:ngrgei; e otr6ao-srir@ a9rfta.lna
5yrfuflrrr.rgrt. qairbrd; orurot ugrplqrl', crru:eir ur'rqcnrb
uddq6, q8pp p6i'gJri ufi4uqtt Ct(gdDr-orr-rildn uo: 6leu-rg9
a*r$ pfigaftnnt.
gr686,tt .6Old,: ug$lrr9eb '&firybp Grigri' rrahp g&llrr.96i)
p 1F€buu9er Itatsu,b G pn an p er0or6 g,
6arr gleoo a9gila sla-rrorr--$
8orq4f' GongyrLd], pnu-reiaynr--Sl, rglar'*a$rir meireurriaeir
€tLdl, .93rrir8a: 4gid]d; srounilsoflerc 6sngrcr-.* Q.u$gr unfipdt
s&nri lgfur9l@, ,$d;onal& 6anp.noeou-l o9rf|2ro.* 6rr't+
gr"Otit @gtdu9+', ygfc rq*r eoy i I gtu 5t g ;n gt GureuGzu,6r6p6
t

gyq* ugrbOtrqgLi''6tulgeoto euru:$o ila,r.o;orsu9kqtb rlgri

E & gu r1egp Gcriti;aGa.rafir rgu-r a L t-n uL p $fur o9or e g€eEr 14it
uprb i,-'ulgolLn *rd;rgtb uemflu91gn pti pnorffori aulgcnro
c-arpg o-w t $ puttOolpptg otnu-rri r9lqgddpgl crana:nrh.
crorGol @pE,cigu 6)ururi Gunor 6)xnporouge& S&uro1 prarft
6p86& F0merl a.pr' .glerirGqq!
Etalr8fiuf r-r&r-ri Go ;5r, €o,runa:Elgi4crrcir 44arf
t%tr 6gt$ery e.rrr$gEt8airGpah. Ar&u .ry19anuriunr-@ldr
Gorofluil- ra geiigrh .6cnp rlr,at u $uuorb' prb utt, r L,+ $Elfir-t
orrioeh ebarf. 06 gyr60bp p,t6g a_gl petgyarath etfiEt
rr,flfitarprgs.
iieah&r - 29 i
15 - 8 - 8l I 8. urooe"it0rnsw?uth

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 n$fir;ory.
u6tubg grrrpqtdfir@sd-(E goahorf Srfgoa$$cir
roi@r,6;irf @gi'arnogGsuGu gidur-9u$gtic g;orralcb
g'(Etb'
@fgbe l6eri ,f)zu Etangtlge,tuargfeh e,ihOl '6iongrsora'
gqSp,n?mut $$$u,rn#)cSr arsr-'1ur--$;:6'8rr Gprai;8gsir $etl
oloireoro r1o-*grgft. ppGung e-rga-lr8 p'ih1q ouenrt&#l
ueor--$gtoirar '6ecir &r' u"pEtk 'qg6l;oo-t'"" 'pfror,ts',
'gpgt&(g+' gogo$rr gt;ogtg:snirasir g1&oneu3b$)eb c,rcoa,it
ur-nggltoerh g: x'ryptiut-r pgl?tletr glnil atponrb.

Groglrb, $ei; cnou3b gtoi.prgtelfuao8ru;' .qfi41. (P5'rg1;oro,

a6r1, Gsgiro.,[@), G gu96.\ Gunairp o-cwrolri 6lungshsrggl-dr
u6&6,, cruneir, rlaosrig&u 6lsusou&r. a-rtb.
rnoftrGlcmneoir6eoru-1, asbrrain?omru'-l Gunriir4l oLn$Sora619
,Qohpueorou-lrp 6iunlgeheGen qpgtro$ - 6tpti;rgrn$ 6lcdtu-tft
l.l@dahpor. €t@ttu, gy4cra:3i.Eeb'3stfiola'$ gtagt
rfpeg$a9iOp gt 6tcoth,61nrbr1. r'Ecng Guriah D glc.t Gungshoeh
toi@tfcird ayor,og4grb Gmeirncor uuga0pig, p6orb' gdeil
goEno8u-reurargrgJr_dh oorroeruf, eifizu epfipgrh @arfif
o9@ogronor gtfirr-l '9o68,' tlbg,a6 6lsri-lnrrluit--
pn,grh. Gmebpn[@ orcurf,rrgri A$p;nL@ erroflsq96
Gr-l'rir9u9i@ti 6lonobr@ Gre,n frecr's $ gl6op1q, b 8d.9 or'.9ot'
tl"bpE 6rt n* go,$eoo G5rrei;6Gn-r 4t'-qrb.
.?e rl)eos' 6IpgrLo6 Q,etLpgt e-.u1rf bp Glunqlelra&r
mr.@tn ehEu; e-u9rflar35$)air o-u9ripn4u:nem 6Long0u9dr
euevr$orp0 6i,ug&7etpfigti Sln: .glfitu pdgld* 6)enps8ru-16
gair6or5g1. dGrried Gunahpr pn@eqgrig 6tbg'n8
6erirgrehengl.

@oioronol olfiu.r 6|celornirs&nqrb 8pur1*o&nu4rb &tV

pr@ 6rufiPg,fip6,pdt1ry6b s4g pnarf,a,596i, r9dir grdrdrur

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 vi

$Eg$qr{igri? $nau€ar A5beu! urr(gn' 6tgdholfl$Shu

pnafrs$fiafi phu:nu-r 6lpr,r1ei; a-gieGen Onfug B,t,L,S
.c96,6.s*. creorGeu pr6?h, "6)ang);oaGu 6tpairoffp$tt
prafra$$tax ,3tprr-lrAeil" .r: *hry t--riiiuf *rroil@6lalei: a.f
qsirsnn ri"

yafia$San'6prirgarn's 919 erar$$oi: ofloroil€al

',ianp,cro' Ostng pre ffo5i:ESlcir Jonirqar;r'o6 ezl ofleirnilo
s$Et&u. Ag, e-otrenr-o. eb@rt CIFdAru mnpGo,rafir@tb.
Oongranouldr a.figlir4p oerf5g,ft u5o)#,rr @&uu9&otu:ot--tl
Gorafirltb. Itpp:gp ,6d[Fdl 6lu6mriio,gdr gr,tre'th et6u6ur
6cu.rtr Gotatn$6. c4eirar;rgl 6lcu-roLr:r--gb Gp6eoaluneur
o-.rlrrft&Eo$fut Epgfru! o-soinr-n$rgtong;il 6,6et Oaroff
u9 $or$ air p8rul-rru-r uuSnn gleou $p-Er Gur eun1grb.
6th a96glu;:Fptdonnnia, SpSrea o-6aind;E$ pbp p6g
ggr-r$fitiii 'qga.re*remr,.n' glorioig rroilsoh D6r,r6
o-fielpngd. gSolaincnrnir g4zuriaeir 'lnei;lrf uil-rb'
Oup:rral-;rh 6larlrfiunqqri 19pdo greil @ggyGarunigrh
cr air u p&r rod girii S u1-- eh rgp! nr9r- o9grhrl € G 19rb.

,6pErt0&t.o grb g1rffu o-soqu-rnob elcrrfl .5)cu-rp p8$ft

Guryplgi r--neir-ri E. unata,{synarflu:fi g4orfarlqg Sl
.upuus.5;pfnir m€$i4l 6or,6.5 nnfr a-fr$pngth

grg4g gy&a or4olff aigp pb7 6rupd s4&ea$

.prqgdi96 erin pril fl o-fiupr1gth.
o.rr1jta pudp Grongfl!
olnlira pr6gf pr.lfiarl!!

Clo,r,Mafi ufiitut$gnfr
-

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 gDdrf gDIeDtr

p{l:u,t 8rg. @y-r. +ei;ulrcnali pyth Ea pn&a[g19cir

,g crahbrd
^roryO,
..6lanpaalooru:t:t u1i1fi& dlOl&rfrfu
6Ory
orttg46 6|an@rdloeh" Goir__rf. e_r_o;r- uAa:iatr@
6egggoah Oorgreoari Dt
6tal,

-€tfgrg,i;g& 6eanpEf, 6,Dgn

ylgq.qrt goirg5rfl;n go$uarGqn@-a_dtrurrqtd4,Epgrn
.-\
lih'.6$)db . ur--ri$Beur. oO4r; eCarr6 Tiairu'fiew Ci'i#O
Gan&r 6tpgt.tt OanctfuGuah. -
OonlDeoaamrri upfiu: g@n,ls&rg df{qGeurair.
uneiir_f arei:@6forei: og4€a_r .pFg6peiiGorog orryclrg. grcir
Gparorri ur1_ El. r_ nd- r_ r-p. c gtrergl .g4o.rf c&n cygr5e#*r.
.9ty(Dg 9,-,i g,iF ner9a_rlcOrn OrnrgF Gucrrtep'E figr'ffiafl,
pr*r__iaOurg Aq:.*:"-p plilnyra @O'fipg,.-"elt*p
"9,&eorbA+r@$pn,t,
cremeofllth g,r{lwargt gr"r,t gr;i,irg-rr"F
poiir glooug 6prflo03igr ci;,Oenoh 6 Ggrah.

- Gpeoa;u_,reor ogcu4niloeh Eoor_3ig, r_gairgl&

-Cg-p r3p,,l]'o06t&u n(4poJr.-an1gr-b
o_r_few
:Gun6)petarnrn
flfu.
6lurrpena:6 Oonporo oa*rgoair-$b@rb. 6(Ebg,
,.4.j 6eu-re6gogp FeDu96il q$b $ar"rao"-#F- 3OC- -6OA
* "9l@qgrSr. $dru,gn ucupnch 6r(4pg0+urjrrosL are6rcn

6?ffr ,o{'i8do,fr-?iilg.8g:t%* *",r .,'#Hfl

61e€f ciori- 6ediu+b ucmfru9lsu, ae
$
rr $ u@ $ $ut pafur u t esou*ulnannap py',d,g.
$ Ogrnogrrgo"o er cr d
rl- gleut arqD* q9 rrgperr
(!p6op p6ird po9cir iggd 6tpgth.

!fg.p* Gugf orflane'a9ei;

orgordrduleirGenah.
gopoir gra:raai rOanpienannu
6Jpnt_rtfig Lnroei_r-:r1ryrb. 4art', adloro
rianeu8rr- Qergllytb '
@p6,gL- eetfe&nd, ufifluqLb pffir;,,t
ort9r-rrlrrrolr@, fl(gp ofl6*6Gpoir e-rairuotp3b )grfiarg<ie
crfgriqGpclr.

_ Gsnpcoa gyci: .Oanpane,u u$bua,,6$ah or4arn pgt g169

a;rfieoatgeb Cf;rtu 6)ol#ugr__na JCO-E,' errn66p,fut**-o.lni
u$iunart&grh crair pahf e_rffug.-
"€t(4pll&Dur.b" l
6cc6r br - 29 | g;atfrid,rffir6ir
(Gol. pn. Gonuno:dlgo$crrd,rr)

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 e_6r@6Dpl
I

1. Glonprcncugah 6lunglonarril I

2. @arti8uin'6)anEroro 2l

3. GFFgr 6'$&rru-tk gl5nt 29

-1

4, srugurb p6bglr19tb 38

5. Srffgr$p Grgf 46

6, ppraneuii 6onPteoo 50

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 'r/tl I
\. \l l,
€1,'A
/tut
\"QD .a
F
s)
-r
E

\l ILE

-\*d. Ih
.e
f'
L
F
6
.B
JI
K
.q
Gi
t/l .E
t ..''1
.a
61
.s
h

@
.a
G
qh
v
l
.-l

€
s
.s
I

€
.q
h
6
ET
a
^\h

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 '. : .tl.: I
.ii... ii-r.
..;i..,K
l.: .:::#:l;::'t'il
a ,::, !i!rlt. ::

tril
. ' .iil
,;:;:'. :,,riltiii;',

C V- ;, ):'!:i u)6fiF'uJ L96iT%fi g!6il'i;n6t'I

G),-',,r.',.t;ri.,
5 ''t' 'r 1::(j'"
cJ u.t ii6ff r ir ; ( l{evenue Inspector)u
uewflwnp,)' gurc4 GtL-t,9gtatllf i'
'Jttqle),,t':u I
I

fuu n $ gn fi air @6nu L p ii ritr(gnff 55r

I

$ t' u

9O * 1glggii;1g''onrJuntf,u t96ir&n
elatiaLrg @tUa
,L l :)lf i' fUf g'
Pg,t
7-
-ytstu?ugtlelr

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 ._ - r6tr.

4;

Gl a r b6Ds

l. Oonpancugl6ur Ounpenorb
ulgilitg+tt Ou6an
6oob Ggnair,
'cg+;;;'ona:3bGg ornGennt?
gpch Gpnotrfiw, :y Ggn6irr(gci
u pth 6 u6rh gpp grngf. o_aro#
pn -no,i_#".E; lHi*^ r. *
##;t *f#T ps".;;#)p. *o,,rerdrori n

Gon-s,
ua:L- 6proor# atruur fiEtd;gth
r;;
'o'tgodrgorgl"Y;#Gou;apri'
u*r9ch aartr@rri
s uoJtu,+
.-r-.Tf{Bfo-
pAunrgrffgeb
@an4,
s+o,o)
aupnirqgrq-- c"oqi6g
....--1dgd o*rn
d""aC"' -l#i(spen'
6;r;s,s, urrrGrca:per
",d#
ftX ftr'; : fr;Y*-?vib ffi 'f*'.T',
6r",1 6'lpT
Z:;t
"'?*.? ;;Hfl#;H;?#A?. L-,tua

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 rc&aennul
udDLiqcb 6nn:$ 6pnr--nil6i uroforur-r--
o-rrrriorng!:o1 crulprl pr-Eglriosir'
pnarflo$ 6lprll{n
5lr6nror5 afibbg
6ubp ilulgpayrila&n cryourm$gl pia
Juoto r! ri;e rmraofl ofu arqg#l I
ary pax ri, prf prfl ch apn-*"fr, qant'- OonDeoo s6'ur
a-p1o1, nryt*rtr, "gfitrilt-$pd;aeoou' euq96lu16' l
sg, payrwargn Gtng' unobrr+
o-ppoopqn, ,gr*r,,ln lgatp3ut Gxy'
qon(Drb 6lorporoul6
uflectr p%:payrr-'aetr t @btflu$
t{ln(D1
gyzuriprb gi6ulp(g36u-ulrg6urrdro6ir' A-pOltit
6lonpto, ou.ltb gleopgoou uirqorth crehglrb $puGun@
-fta;g 6)upporau' 6ui' "9lo
pe^lp*v n * E i e 6 ulgorro u-1tb- Gptr ppg:h
|",ia",gi er*np"oi* t'Jgu'l pgporflah
f,rg,r"h";rrirb, #rO'b ao''polrir' o:n$o1rb pnPo]th
okrr--porGp 6pgr"0"h Gpn riiornngtb'

ut&t rgutfrm ueogana

6)arpouro, unelfirrgu-lrieoffair uprnduqgrb Potrth"
6lonpo:o ea-,,ppet', Oanpalou-lrr efi'
6an fieo:o;$ eilorpl
6tuulrioorneir
olffi, Oonpooloti;'Gannretr crahgurbOuEudgriooir"
unofurrqu-r Gar$priosir gpfrgL-i 5lr' .
to lLJ n 6Trolr
un erfir rq ulri o sir r'E o rl u5ur S6lt'
cE

d. go. u$pnth Elrp@ldfir+q gttrtreDor

ana)mah'

ogg1gsruf porfiei: "l;; Gonuggd;ana ef66b' mu9

oOpg, grrfrio 1g:pa}uta:fiapit gltf"gtiioeir 9r9ri

(ophir) rytfl,J'p(q,d,b6"ScoEgr *@Pa)&
oeairqgrioeir
r'Eau
)r*t,' -,rO*' gpndr@dpgi' "1n:o$pglshor
usu)gr5oLorur- ptngi"+
6"11 rugo0eih Ouwytgth' 6g'
e{I6I gret'olonru (6' cp' 1000 g5b) 6unofo$
#_19 aitufi ar'r--r--iiipeir
ffo-i"t pao*t Ou'Rus agwnuny&

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 3

g19 ugSwn&u drrdum@rdrDr_uJ orjluoi:eoffS

.:. Oonailr @ ituLt--91 cr ahg ehorgt . e$lutr u n y L 6irut
asy
16rir
oofiah ur--r9u_rg21rb onarorriu@SpEl. pdngogg#or
'5fi,h' ordrp 6lenoi: .Orf$sir Ggneoo erdrp ,Oercirg
dOpgi ol$pgl" '-"irgl ono$@6)o:ei: a,,Et&gt.
r-?o.: ei;eanrtb' erairgltb groggrrb q9
grri
@Or_g@ 61g,i.' gO,f
srotrugl, pg6pduGzuo0 unarr__r_ppoi: o_aior oalfiri
uirgourrb crahualgqrb €r6ucf e_crlfd,S(fii. o_o.lflo
Oonporcd;qg gl14c6 o_ehcngrrh unoirrga-rfa@ci,(g
o- fi einmu-l nom gJ mfr 6dr @ (D gJ6rDp(tr c ei ul rq or ib.
ooudafiorh gfrLq, .Or-6gFd Ocnsi:ogair u6Dg)6rDrn6?DrL,
o_mr i gbgreuG,on@ un abr rg u-rri oofi ah uoopou.rrotg&uru;rb
o.-DtB 6e tu&pg.

qpono9arft 6r6trgt Gun fiphu@rb ornei:rtrSugah

@yr rcrwewrio ureotrrgu-roolri ub$,n qg@n19l@6pg,.
dergd$pn arafin t-$ fiob orgrb unr-oil, unat,q_tu,icof-;
piho pay nrr6ur crLrr r_rJ rr $a p d; qgpd,LgL@,
€tgJ 6)unah
@g2r& go;itgosnngyrb ellerfl 6au:a.rrjur_r__ Gl4_anr_
ornu9&uu;an t-w gt 6r dr g a"-,gtflp gt.

I pB6?poitGrus8^ ot4orgr - onetr@@,r"lcir, pr,ggrrtadr

t--nd;url p t@te$t, Sfgufl ffOo+g c1gpoe.
2 The olilest Dravidian word found in arry record in
the world to be the word for .,peacocg,, in
the
Hebrew text of the Book of Kings and
Chronicles
in the list of articles of merchandise brougbt from
Ophir in Solomon,s rhips_Caldwcll, Compar&tiva
't Grammar.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 ogunc gooflalficd, snan uny pth', unci*rr-allgeir
.
@(DfJsr gIi&o,anar, unaintgu-l gogE,
l
@onal44enu'l
r.omr.ogi 6'lorabrr-opp Gtprfi o9l &8 p Et'

go. pnetranh grb@afin+sni eror& [email protected]

,s.
6ugth anppwnwclrt, unarflsufl er9)ulnoymrpflbg
o-a,r org$gloirorrri. €rp6$'eunafurt+ul" creiirgtb
6len ob gytig @a.:tiamrd org;&gretrcnnf .

@61Dr-ur *ulrO-i51.*oofl ei: un afirrgu-lrio&nnu.olpar gduq

6roon o.lrbcrb' o.rahgld @n:nil;oou9etr aryoon|
-dr-g,t.
@tp& qgputg@6 ErrS, e$ff;dir o9eu:nh, unainqu
gdDpgr @ororldl;ou ncrirpp fietuSoi,ut$ P@Ap$i'
&lo-#, 6. go. 47I - s,6$ @o':nirarc qr'Eeulu:n .
-'Y

6uppotah.

aa6lcudenafirt-66rgri EairGor SGr6a

pnr--qair
g@ uqg€eou: Seufurr--arf Gcei:goeiu pGor--d' eloli
"^. *b7\t'
*.-g12 Gpg6$ d. go' 28O tbflrg,up
2eo,l4 e65ator@
;Jf, or- 6p.dur 4;trntrtrnr Or-oorfiu-rrflah

G. A. A2 t ' 297) =94oureu&qg

Orooctupafeiu
(U.guinooo.) erahuaro4$ grgt6trtJr6 elgs0r-9@/i'
britiuptofsiD S. g:. 8O2 9o.56$ 6' q!D' 298 at;oar'
@$$uro9)ei: pri'tfld,g$pnrt' P{tb
"gqt#Oeonarb 6coCI org0u-rn.n,* Gor' r__ar6anp
6F" olin_rup-pu+b
r1f GrcriLp*; rgshlqoorno crqgpulehornrt' ex&
cglatrrgan' erahgrlrb gII6O6b q-ehenen' g&
[,6rq"ttt' CIeu:pagrb o-ehmor'
fp,iqe"ffri, unofrn4u;i u|frw 1

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 gpparnogeir g4yerLfl 6e,ig atfip Mrr6 dcrfldn
'3- 6Hcraclct) crchuarqgei;gr_i Oueofir t.sa1 gCrg ,gpppgt.
.91n6uafirgrl6gn unaint4utr (pandeya) orut g,A
.r Oruuytr orgpnild@ri.
{ilqfog Ejp6.irnA, Ap,ffi*
ugpsou:ri aon@pprnt. -IJ*
.oqE .grrjrug€
?g{r9ri, uttbg,aircrgl prb roooir g4ryeraint_ pnianr_-
865 Ernndto,or:ro,h A,flpgt goirOorng ilyffLqg*
oir6to.rn6 pr?hrii;g .9,1abe[,,fr_
Oaron'rtpg etye.rlt:e -cggl-Epei: or:r_ JrO_p-ir*
ord1gl or.r__&n Aptflppnt
c-Im6ra
Jg- cbrrffirulnlqetu@
ep(gorgrrb g,1yerfuapg,ci(g orlgarnu-r atppgt. iOEL
e$4,49 g1r7 fitrrl.polu_lg 6)onaror*pgl or__@-r,alie.uFoa.
e-pot) croirorpdg b
@<Apgr orlgrb crahugrd, .gx6ilorn0,
e[raorp or@ua,io## Lgoo-,.r-e - o-*nJ$,
erlnp or'r-nporrio&nr] uugry,pgir uouFtr
, 6uirrb
_i arotrugth. en arye/g1 a6ppnugg$pg,1 --L
€),6u(Dor-llJ 6@pgt pn@ Gp(Uarg,rb
ou,-_,a--'ojl
Goranir@d **y,Aft, €,ir;19orrtr)ur gni,+pGo
6)eeuergl Gorafor@rb crcirugrGrn .i,3rr r,
c1 dr; qg;-;d6
E(g,t, Orooabpofdu

(ptiny) erairgrrb @gpregwt g. rg. pg

r_06rfl6rFl
19p6b Zg armrrr atrg$patt. .glou,i prh crqg3fl;
,@utfuta o.r4anng;' (Natural
Hitory; croiirgld grrdg6b
Oroosfupeforp qg@rir9lr_or pit
G ur a.
vutruDrp
WA@. ',.,eu1Lw'PLJ 96
6)au-r@ou4i;

+ Lrnainrgur (pandeya; crahgd

e_ain@. epp ptr@ Fn@ gargr
npp pn@a*nu Gurouoi.:arnmd>
v l Olocetupcfrb _ o0. rrdu. og.
@yreorch.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 o

rnnilros glg3ipurei: qcnriui@ 6ug,Apgl,, @pF-,,

Gp19ar€gl6 $elorrEr gorriur-@ or6Lb pn@ @ppnG;u
ung6. @.oa;r ortrilrg[ 15)66r ar(D:l,r gt a-pfiu@
d;hpgr. Opongogen:-csgrlr Epgparcn g19g€Gru.
=9.o6h atryatr$pndu, gryorGor p$eulpugalr allchr9pgn
ur$Synrgar. Bbg glyorrwapfiew godida.rLoneor
ulg8auL =g)tor€gSg6 Oan@$pnair. $n6uafor6infld'r
eupGu: Gpnairfurortadir gfigng payrwa&lr Sebr@
sr-rlqdair porri.'

6lrnoorupoferu @fne €6rfi6iu orairgg gplnr9@tb

Oensb Ogartlge8ou (Hercules) erahglrb 6luu-lflch Sappp
ol4rumngd:. dG4ti;o o9nrioo8ai r^6o6 6pppa:eo
Gpofigo8ou. Sri6uu:ar4 gtzuhrr'r Guneb a9f th
Qep$porgan un eubrrgar 91 ttrg ar gnildu9gei;drairpanri,
Omoerupoflen-r.tb r9of,oFlu+b. @oilo91qor1grb gpur-9)@6
6usoinenw49, n%vuL$g1ruc urobrrgu-lah rnaoh r.6gti4l
qrdrgt aryeorfi1g€tLflu-rriooh o1ggrldqgrioeh. g,si:argl,
@gt' un aisrrqurair I $ P y r w a pgu5o)r-ur nc,atr E $ Sy tr w
corpu9ch orp3i Gpnahpei:osh unotrq-uriooh' 616iirp
6aur$nnt-r<i; gpluL9r-di 6.0rb orarugt, r.g, o0. epndlar
u ain u,r y $ p,r t a rg p gl.' un;oilr rgurrio ot or etr p 6en ei: orCIoh
#lsop Ga.l un obr rgu:n cran orpnilorlul@oir org1.

Gupomilrr-- Ocu:pooh, Afipgt Epitupfigit tr6n

grp19ftfo-@6@cir(g 1ry:o,remGy unobrrgu-rri ugpfifig
pnirgcir g19 uEpanar Sftfur@ di,pfiqfipattaaa
I - oS. crsfu. o0l. Qryrco.rdr.
t96neufi
2 utfut4wrl orqorrgg - T. V. c prrfieu ueirr-rqpprf .

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 7

crahu"rnp$ 6prfl#l$drirpan. e89g t?pitupfigtt

: uai:a:nt94rb gafor@ogtig go,rlur' L u6tDg)5?Dto r-dei;oajli
unainrgruriooir crain-rc'rpp prfpti erfuarwa?bris uDDw
Oeni$osir o-g&atrpo,r.

g,&critatb
@eopu-rri con#lu-leb s-66)T z p%ts&owath, @olr-#
3

enilorb, oeorr-& +nilgtb eran gt rg edlotb @rf@u9gf

unaintyuLri' eran6 qgdn6)l@ glrierlilanfuo&rrit u1bfiut
Ocu:po&nu Lt6ir6rfi olo"l4niloqg eatr p1g8p gt.
p%t:&e&ath rnglsolu9oi: @CIppgt. e,gi, 4440
gotor@ooh @gppg. onurSiom orqpd gogeunad; o@rdr
Gonah mr.go 89 eutetean tarcprr:rpi an3igorf. 4yru
6eir aogu:4nirGepar unabrrgu:ri crq4o:ri. p%o& trila
gtrei:ooh, uflunuei:, (g1t7rffit, (ggrg@@' oorfiu:n
a9oon gopo0ueur. pe-ot&errt,a& r-lamrriooflair Ognano
4440.
@oa'r--ri ariro6 aunt-qy$Soi: Su-lnil6u-rgr. Oorabr
Gpri<i 6e$ttetr gDpilna g:t-p$gnrpor tr(96 59
unoobrr.qu-rri e,6Dpcii an $pewt, €,orig6h ggorri aerflu-r4nir
GoSgri. @oorr--&cnirotb 6COp.c oneurb 87OO q6!fur@
ooh. 6pnebon&9uLrh, u,nqrlnorurG, @roe g@rtiorb,
*p t4ynawr.jd (tp6Dnffr6ul6u @oolticnilo groi:oeir.
@otrrr--& rrwat qouorrioaflcir Ognooo 87OO.

oornL-$ erfuarh @CgFp @L-tb o-$gf :mgrt6otI. €,grl

I 850 Seutur@ 6)eu:si:uir--gl. Op@$6pndD6 prgrgu
I (.gto Frg/rCIr),E.gfi6;'pnar6 pn$figh PPPfur

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 t
Frglf9t; qp Frgir,Er, pnilEio, WU, uplbgtuupgt
6oDr-.irnir6 grroi:aeir, 5L5b GaneOd'Cgp
gDg68uJ6?DoJ
pitt9l ary p
g:t-$ pqgnr pan gt pcuno o- d;df rl dr ;lgarqgp
*1ga 49 unainrqu-lri €l,Dg pt-ppnri. gryo-rqgeh oo$
usyrfuGaf,utafi gooL,i. aao>r-ei efua,| qa.:zuioofiair
Qpneoa 449.
g:&e&ath @fObp onzurb 9,990 qt@tor@ : $,<Vbp
qa:orrflah Opnano 81589. 6npp mahoriiooflah erootr
anrfld;ano 197. @bp *aincofloi: apu%xr oa:$pqg6
&pg erahunnp guq& 6l*neirqgrb €,Gp Gprrpfl,fi,
gs&afusrfuaair @6pperi,nqio, @tO1goeo,al 6ugniler-ci;:
Gan dr aair 6r Apgt ugpplilgapfldr 6u6rir uglflenu-r
o9 q3r&6 o9lt-t-eor ro r1-b o- eoilreo m er eihu pe$ pu:r.8ei:&u.

pr-8gad dpfiGa lqnfl g:%trd;g €1uung1rb u4c$

,flAppgt. .gtpb@e qgrnrfld; oatnr-rb .9,6$dug @6togofi
u:r6 crotrr-6 erahugl 6uu-rri. @,ggap Gpri$p or-d:
=gldlgbpg, ofh-t_ourprl
Gcneir con n ub O& aafrrr--rb or-o9 eir
uoi:GorEu arycunfig aLsfugypiiorgti, 6il @u-rril errobglpri
6grb o.-g&sorpart. gopp cL-ei: Gonoh 6tp6prg
4OOO qotur@oqg61g g:tro,rt Esgppgt *etrgth
.g@pp ar-oir Genoir Ap?d5t Ep&uafigti 4la: Erp
1gai'r@aeOdqg gooirort E atppg gt erahgurb o6grdnirp
orrt. @ci o.,-DOro&nrjr ua':GorEu rrrotrgargr--ah Grnb
pnLr-nt fi g aflqdtr ornllr i,
"unoogoffu-ln3bg,r-dh uair ro&u u@do3bg*
' 1gorf,& Gan@6 @on@rtor--eir 6enehen"
516dirg 6la:rlupan4rb Oe or--e$Goneir 6lerllpdgii
erdrg uat&pg.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 ,9

uefranf
6o;ull-ti 6ni,5 6noupgi6(9 Cgpflut unobrrgu-r
:- uo>goeoru.tn*-* alrq6uflJrbu D't'p urralr
oofiei: r-8cri
crorolril' 6piq"
+ur6iir. @olhru unoilrrgu-rair nnSt$S u&gud
Gu:nair eranolrb g1anpuui. @rluirairrgu-lair
aglpn o@$
u-rngror=Gon@ **.i'"qgrn-;apoo @b-6t
pn:o, ,ren4grb 6eripJu:, Seugltign 6)ahGalr cuPP
usi:u:nasn?eu Apgl@Gtnn OuOorCl€ crahglrb
aeor-t
cdra$gr6g 1gfiut-t-.Ln.o6rqfO unofurrquPeurti unqu
q g pi n W b:gtir L n r-- o9 ei: 6 p i rg our ro r
ri o' gd 19 tt'
u-r

crrdlGcn olrgflu:
QOr6; EnirGar&
}efiSrrit ua'tb6unah oru9fiurl6 6$P
AfF.6'i OPrqGrur*
oglgrefilair
potroffn u&oofi uanne0gtb "*f'rr"*", 9)

cranGan, unarbrrgu-rriaeir ugb4&g Pr Lr 66r tgTfi*

oafrrr--ppGa: Afligt tatrip$gt&gfi "-*tndnd
gabr@oqg669 gpeorar3y eilrGer&Eu-t Opne&rarm
rfleiecufosir or s&rugt a-gs pur 8p gt. @u uirsrinrgtrfieh
guourpgocri uirg#gorb P?6nP?(Da\* 6)onpeoc"fh
Fpoatlrq th apfiqk aupgt$ gagbp agtrrgth'

Qat fic,a . Q s ut Ft A a'c gffii io

n si:Ga',' 6l a n ei: SCro'

til uu-ror tr ei; e 6)o
6on pouro er cir 916
5cr,l'- Gyrrn pinr--rgeurri qgdnl9@
"ro;rCrfa:":nri,
dairpanri. @pe* q4tfubq ondu@6arn), 6)onparo
oroanu:6 .6esnu$d6ri' cran6 1gdegi,b arpd;atb
pr,SgDd'6grb 6Opp- o cr @pg8onr.@619d''

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 t0

"8(D& te$grt Gonuls8gehcn ea)Oarr-@ guitdei:

flaacbeoo eratr3p 6egl<*;criur-rg19tiuolp Ptffi
oafirGr--air" erchdqgii one$@6fzusi: dulgunair. @eopp
dprutpgt Oonporo crnirgtrb 6uru;oq SfntlJd1gf.
Oanoir 4 eoo etewp Oenpoofiah 6iun1geir, 6Oon&u
Oeurqtb a1h' otstgt 6'dii afierco$gttsg goplcr
gpanru moflpoflair 6(Dd, eoapnoih. 4lrgrGou
6lanstanoulngrb croirgu ig$uL9f@66f . erya:ri og$gy,
Oonsi: (6on&u 6lcu-lqrb) 5'D6 (ofrb) erahgld
6lenpoGor r-lilntriipE, fionpeoou:ffffi gt ordruptrgrh.
ano$@6arefua9air'Sg6'lpei:Gore8 a.r4ouirgl' crnirgltb
grr6g6b @riugporru 6rng! 6luulri$p r-nci;r--f
p. eggdoe, gy"or-riqei; gpeofici: 65)onplano' erairglD
6uu-ri o9ondaronop pr.h o(gigJor5Dptlrh pfigdrarri.
ana erah,rn Oenoi:glciig @r--tb crairgu Ounlgsh Oanafrr@,
gt&uaoh 6lonei:glrb (prd;qgrb, pofd;qg6) @r-rb crohgl
6lungeir 6n@rtb r--neil,i +q9da9)' "ar-fiao'ly
Qlo.s88,6tb onolrflu GufiuLrfig" (dla:rbr1 6 : 162)
croirglrb #la:llu€onr zurflu9 lq6 "rOpgrci oni@
A19,i.

6i,anfiats crerirgltb 6uulri6igei; anob@6loroil

6lonainl 6)unqgoflglrb, un,Sr--ri egda9 en@irb
0unlgeir 6unrg$p'g:arL-u:onog| G pnang$pgr goff
6torD.d ererirglrb 6i,ung&ltr$ plgth Oanfiprh atanglth
6ene$osourrqu:noci;'6lonpeno' crairglD 6uu-ri G ptr ar p
u91g6oei; a,-Otb 6160rgt o1ggGarn1grb o-oni.

6Oonduoro' areilrugt, 6lon&u 6lcu.tqtb ay$oop&

Ofrpgt, €,p6dr Ognr--rtunor Gchrarurti; Vfr$pgt.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 tl
crahug uror- 41si:eugl unrg er9@
,9r.6@du 6lonpooo
crahglrb 6un-19orgrl o";tgutit 6(EPgJ.jn o-afir@'r

g4yenaint-ptdo'
CIni'g
6lunpeoou uTaftrrgu-rsrh
6ruulrgaturu mlqbryt eranui'
$ppiqn '6unDeoai -#t
Ggg errb, GxT nibp'trb tlsir&n' erlarf'
"gdrgf ,
"firralr aain r,galrYP GPetlgt
€j
6cgfl&sP
6u-toitg
Pgoron66 Ounpeoo
$eurrb r-lagPri OuoG(tse
arYretr t olricr-Egl F6f tsgl
6cgfltna
e&uGarnocrir 41ro 6lcri.rultb
6tutfior,a orenPr@"
un@rir uptb
6r6iirg, 6tonpeoougefu zunqgrb gopuorriooir
unr--%u& eretr1ry,a -OEg'e "T:@-n'i: , Ol
e-lbgliua 66)unp"ors' -J"g/flfrbgt 'donparra-
u:r t9 fiEl cror ti; 6oneh cneun tb'

Oarfieoad& Acrfueolo
e na.: r.onh o p 5) I-9l'i gieop go orb' 6anpo"ro
na:$$o0qgp
croruoop
u95d'r 4ry6Gou1siror a-zurfll uirqanGrn
oneuppob
glairorri6 oobrGr--nrb. o-eurfl r1o1ir 6i,ubp
6lonpeoou4b q6Lir Aubf4bpgt lralrgt
6orroirar$oi:
porfei:eu.
I Kolkie - J. R. Sinna Thambi' Journal cf Tamil
Studies, December 1972'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 r2

oaforr-$pei: gopp or--ei:Goneh G pt p pGun gs:

(gmfi ci
ngtayu-1th etp&6r& ert$p ug€ulrb ar--o$ei: Cp1!€
a-tAppoir. g,p@6b @4afirln6 ptiltjl& eri'tarh 6utrr-
urgddb Fgr"CI, e$ parl$Gpu9lgpgt unaftr4ar
pnr--ernr us n aitr LJr {6r, 6}zuafrrG grit* OegFuloir.

oarr& er&o ano:$Ssi:r unainrgu:rflair geoplg,c,it

r-d-rqanrnre p Ssgpp 6)onpano, pndyuvewfl ouo0d:
oardgrdr-pSoir @tObpgt, @;or--ti et:'l,a ana:ppdr
unaftrrguli p?otparynren aunuqypprdr 6lanpeoo
er ;& glth, erF,?( ,r o.lugrfarn ri'unobrtgu-l 6oln utbt 6T 66t g'
.grdDpppsuri aretrEtth, r-9.,+. .gryriulnilonf
@@nr9@6q9f. t 'eoflo.lne

ao.lnl6 €r6b6ug, eunrsh croiirgtrb 6anoi:gii;g

ornu9eb, apol crnirugl Ounlgsir. unoiirrgu-l pnrirq-dh
creir 3un9e$, olposog u9$ g;so ro;iipp gryp p&,rs pa y th *
n6b
' unainrgul,ioof, air a.ln ugair' (T he Ga tcwa y of Paod iat) o-rar
o.lpniroriur--r-gl.

auru4rIGrr Oonpana 6rdrp 6@pffi)p o.l4aln4)91

orpr&du qop 6ubp Cry. @fnoo.rd, d. ereiu. crg"
gnei:
Ar ncorair qdGunq rh ofi g e 6o nafur@oirenourri.
(loanfia'r,c,ci Gonpcri
@olr-e* errL,apanp er@h&$g
atmt$p91. @enrr--ti cwath Fglo9lu-l 6a.lafirrGr--ri#
6)cg8uoh gDgoro gn-$Sgmnpwr nlga orlgup6)predl..
ugt unainrqnrriaoir Ocnpleoou9ft GonGa;n##lanrf"
erdrgth, 6.Ocrpano aurn-qyth croirg tl-pituLt-gt.
I Thc Hirtory of Trqilr - P. T. Srinivna lycngrr

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 l3

{tebr@tb ousi:Gonoh cr4g,bpg). Oonporoqrb @cnr--*

rtfua14,th,9,oo16 e1pppfir. er-poar4u9oil L66ubr@[b
Oonparorl ur 'rqcord or'r-rjrut--r--gt" etotrElth .9. Afn
cnr6ih I qg@nL9@d1gri.

prdruyodP&git uptb 6uutt porilr6ungo,p.

cglgl uanpu grnrf,6 oannr--ji;Sgltb unfupgt gr+urg.
6)roaefupoPefu, eeprtiyuGar crairglrb pn@. @p€r:n
cr9)e8COpg, gr19 p$ulne$ r9rfld;ariur@oirong" 6166rg
gSDr9@dgf' pniyuGar 6r6or9t @orri qgpnr9@ogr
Sounilaro €19rb. @ppuna9o01gpgl et5u.rgn r9'f,cigrb
pS pntfryureuu'FlGu-r €196.€,9@o) pnfiyuyoor,fl @L
Gungl Abgrga @COppngrb, Ctrair@ai: Gu4nlgoci;
grcrfid; cofurr-$pei: und:$gt Gweorpg. gl,p6,h ooorru9dr
(!p.s696fu Oanpooo (aurt-qrin) @tOp.sgt. @ryainu'rth
or-ei: Gonqgei4gu r9pg, @rlGun groiren donpanaoou-lrl
urabrrgurf pE1a9)orri ernhugt Gmploafrnu euei;gyprt
.*deh o1g;ipngth.
.@oot-& enilo onougbglri aurt-lqyGn 6lonpanot
.rrehgrrb e-pg qrtnfuOn Ofr-g, @oor--6 cnirori;
*l-sn tq y $ gt d;qg cii 6!an peo o er air @t rb 6l uu.rri 6CO.o €Cq ci'o
,ots'rb, .9,6b6Dgr oanuci ewa$g& Oonploo'roriqgci; ounl
qf,h crahgtrb Gorgu 6'luu-r,i 6CO.o€COci;ozunrb. @,snh
o-otiranrc, @eirsulpu-l Oonpooau-9eil .gryogilzuru-ra; Gu4l
,?cr eh ordlur--r--n oi.l .Dntrg qu--@(g tb.

I Oonpcno Gcnprf - gf. Sqrcordi.

2 6roaeru'po?6fu - d crrb orQ. fTrao.lair

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 l4

Oatfieo'aldcfir }Pitq
@riGungr or--a0o0gpEl agod o-eirctrLnid
o-eh€n4nori; ani$l plgth 6i,e,nfieuroGu enilo ona:SSglii
@a,nfisola. 4lriGung etg e-arsd, qcg6i,ufip
galplg:c,nnag E"gbpgt. efldry t9pitupfiE.
1g:otarGy Odi Oonpo,o gy:gfirna,6tl,h, Gug4nooltb
Esgfipg; uryfat, etGr&ui, 6)urroffru-rri,
o$fiGurttlli,ut, 6G46ori, Gynnt (ggo0u-r Grodu
pnr'r--nrflah oaxfuoeh Oanfrol,a$ gtffitp(gsps"p pr,+
arbpfir. urir-du-lri, lPrlrrt go,668tu E-p pnL-lorlgrb
6)anpeooanu: prq- arypart. sas,Gnflwi pncrf,o$pair
o-u9t prrqurno o9ont&du unr9)Gzunair po4rb Gunalrll
unaisrq,uLy gt prarfla aJCnpAbE o-t9f pnt4usra&
Oonpeoori Oulgpc4& o9lorrruildugt"' croirugl
o-oilranm.

r96rf,eufl 6)onpeurosou:'Gc,nyGa' (Koracae}

O{t
or nr Et gpnr9@619;i. Oongreoar* Gsntlcnt-etn w& * fi ft
qgornnour .gtopceirr Sqbpan eretrgth, .9f6upddr,
s,-rflus upa&nu;orr--u-l 6on@o:m Esrppp (lpp&uooh
@COppatt croihEurb gf ur-9@419ri.

6|urflurlgefu glralndlrflu-rqg,b (d.,9. 80) pnor-dqtb

(6. L9). 13O) @ri; Oonpeosanu-rti OoneuGa (Colche)
cranci; qgpur.9)@de&rpairt. pna:l8o pntflyuycmlfloo,w&
rG'rnorah p€' 6166rgl gpur9l@n g1lg& e'r.lr-ciiGa
6c n4D,nnoq# eo gl cr ohdlgti.

1 ureirrgu-rri 6u6mrr--dl- Ggg. cr6. Gerrr,o,fipTrhtgoiren

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 l5

pnilt.8d(g g:fitt't-euynsr Ouafnrgnilof oroirueu

tD6Dr-Lr Fon ur-iiooflob, @$pulncrglgetrerpna&
gpnr-9r-riu@rb @uniraofiei: Gtanfieo.c,u4h @ahg.
mahgf o.l&ngr_-n otatrugt dGr<i;a rnnglrdecnndu
'6)onpeoo or&nqgln' 6r6ur o.rg:nil,ariur. t_g1.

t\
\d
/s
ln
,h
E
l.
s
.d

Oon$ano

'g8yr&una{6q9 €trfl6) etbgnS 6lereru-rirur-@ -p.o

gtmplysawaon creirzunorp@gyrb 6Gadariorggd;gri
uprioirur' r- r-8oti Apbp grapg:atb, prtfiyuy @nLq,e

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 l6
gorp
og8goori uqgpuggoircn 6lonpooa (6aneirano)S
g;rin g,n' lio;tE, qg p5)nd@rb cn ei:@Ozudu'' oaheufl u'rn
f ,,n-ir+ e,Bfrary[ $Gr&ariosir a$g @pdtdru
gopob
pg6pei:Goro0d; 5t baoiyu9do
!-pgo*rrc-r*tr(gofr,

e-dror @rGlroahg gcp6,h1gop6b qgdti;criulr-- @r--rgd

reprh pni@ ut-('{
6orporaGu-r' erahgliir'
"rq;$e@'i.
prorricoh, oromfloriaoir gDStCL-'iaofir--r'86pgl 6tpfi
ararrp ofh-- r-8gpruroS 6toipanoanufr ubflut 6]eurpsoh
dGrdioricofl-mtOpg, 6ex--6$ahpr*n" er;ir9t& qgpu
r9*-:- @ 6 d G r riari o #ah 6) p nafrour eit ur
tI t L@d16'i'

o7N6, Eyrthtq, d*(g, €td$, Gp,ig' rnu9oOpgt

(qigt, o-u-rfprp roanfl oranooeir, o-u:fzuano
F.lb4dl,,
,a[*t-edt gogorn*" 6]unlgeirceh 8P $Jnt'pgo6p€
'@b gt q b gn I 6)erirr*uir--or'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 rT-

espglu,swnatr Ounqgeiroeh "g-Erf",it ed$t

arrttiF @u@oglgpth SGre- 6)ronpuggtb Artb
A"fgtt Lgrslr qnfuAeu zugDc*d$,rb q$ricrb 6lcg3bpcu'

pr6$ti 6)rnsi:, r62flen:r' 6r6dr0'j

.gr1flsl erairglrh
SGrtto 6'rLnng8u96fu gnirdeu$$ci:'eo[eiu' qr6
zug:nfu6,
p*rr. el,S5i': erairglr'b pL6)g!6'6enei:
?-"-"Ft,i 6)un6oir) 6168r9t gdnqs'i' zugrnirdu-tgl'
"91'unaup'
dGaiiioppei: 64lti;o
6enei:
bO" erahgrrb PLfrge -
ffir;""' ar# 2g"i,6 glil6o'*ppui: dlatrCArra S?b:$
pgt. (g,oarlg(i gdci'tqtb u4eil erahglrb gt'B$ti6cir6i)
iC,,tuir; 6rd6tgt gntu6cu$$ai: dnpgl atgitutusgI
6)onpaurap gt6rit P "g6 p StfltgP 5t pL6}g!pnr--@r} 6un gsir
g--gi"lt 6u a 1q9 & q fi g rc S u: r uS str'
.o gu-ah u-r ri

G roei: pnr_ rqor ii ar gnir I rb cg Su qo eh @d: G unorrpu-l

Eor perr'
6anp"oou-i;ur 6'lunpair zuri Slpiroru ^ o9)orr eigd
+nila @n:&6u-rriro erff ei: ngs'o y & an q$8, s}gu un
(etprpgudl

LJffi)t-, mrf,tgggrgt, g)l6pr giffgj! :?'6t

gyro"+o@tb

6ronpmcugah Gugdqosogri Gua'4);irpsm' @ptprrap

Gorgl ug$u9ei: onobr Gunrb'
u-rotourriaorrnoi: 6)oneteoo,
6an11Ga' 6onsbdou'
o-rpdro*uu-
a* n Jeou (gl,g;5$ur uoi: Gzugu 6Ju u-r ri aon n ob
,6)anpsoo rrEon u6lDg6ultouiroTr 6ulgparn ordoruwp
c1oi:orrlGutrg,, elry?eriri.
a'fi{'w $r nilaerfiob 6oor' &6rb
GoL gt Ou rq5 ir eqgLh ofl61.r d;19
.Oppn,--16 p neuuru-rruir s g rb
h-tuit*] opanarpo:p& xntpp oqSa9ogtb t*ryi
6onpl"oo opona': pnarflo$
:go1r,r.--r--nglagft
tljn"J gogr,ri;ot--
; unDgft t! r'r0 d; o 5 er t'h u@ p P Glprft a9 eb
;G ("ae r-2

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
doirpor. q€pppei:g/rfl6b qoop Ourlgsir qu-rer9lsir
aafur6)L-@d;e&ur-r-- Ounqgeiraqgrb Sr*ogpoop Bgt,a+
€drpcr,r.
pg6pei:Gore0 rnnorr'r--$gfleir Sqgu9frn SftbrO
6(9;.9 goair orn6ir$p gponor rnoFfpouf,air puwwaotr
u6D dcar-;S,grohoreur. pnfiyuyemfl pSd;aayu9gr6h6n
6Jfco ug$:9g:1rb, glpg$r€it+igi et(Dd6b o-ehor'
enuLt qyth, gir--rbr-1aO (ggasar @r--nirooDglrb @airgutb
onouorriu@d $ouriq rcarrefuGm@cofleil iSand-dunes)
g$aneu lrruf,pdor uu:aru@$ptr opo6er9oeh oain
6r-@6c ri ui@ eir cn6?tr.l

6tp#rofb$w pro,fitfi$cir filgnLqdo

6ungl*lraci ?anpsoariuEpB opona:3bpGouGur
8guqPfgila Gareotor@tb creirgud Syra$u pnafla$
Gtpnuii;aL uEpoaflob Ogral,b 5rehgu erewEtth
qrnrL&filuLrrart alggtfli;rrpalrt. eltG,6 6@pd@6t)
pr6rr orreir@6lnrei: glarriagrbr '66)6rparoGu-r
Apahsun$/flw prc,rf,s$Sn 6pnLrqoi:" 6r6hgt qg.dt:l
riL-@oircrrrii.

unainrgu-lriaaflnir Oulgpo4roncn 6)enpsoopnoiir-

goGar:$pisafloir pnuan crahglrh a1g$orry& 6eafl
arg8& 6aul$ru0'o o1196 corpqtb 6tprflo9l&dpgt.

Gerg urroinrquri Sdur goor(Dth o-.t-ei;r Epfi

,Ge rJ

Earriasir. goor1gtb 6onpanau0n) 45t-dl 6ei:parri.

I Srnd)r- pnafiap$tu eloftG@+ - q'ntpp o0ot-*
l7-8-80.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 19

Ooirporadqg el,1gdgJoiror greionarfl (@orf 6en$g|

.': crohgAr-pdsi: goarlgr$gd 6,en$pnrw Oungl po--nir
aon @6ppn. ono:rlGund;€5b rgfrag&r vfiuLt_g1.
unaiirrqu_lah pevl 6.i,xn $p er9r__rgGoGw prw& agir__nair.
: Geagltb Genpglrb al-<i6gxtb Grnpd,rgprb Ga:n$g
crytraeoh aryolropgei Glenotruoorri o cr erir glrb asDgisiDuJ
u;rb onei:@6arei: pn$ .Sqg6psi:Gorog o_rqoun@'p!6i)
g(D619f. @aheopu_r donpraradiaqgGo .gn,*areuufl,
g@ Apryryna& onr__dil-lofl6$pgl. S6eorp, gpGor$
pfooffeb 6pna3reorrn r.d<i;oalri unainrgu:ri erahglrb
6(Dp6ulp 6u68t/g,p,o 6r (gbp albu?satGuL cra;rupfu
ggu-tr_6ei:%u.

Oonpeoe p%tspe4rab Sathbpg oralrglt\ €lS,

r9airsurii ng;ory&g urfiprtuLt_g1 oranglth rgof;
, pta:payth at_fiaco,yt uCa,€{96b g15/6
-1@6!,996191t.
pnoi: L8fiil-r@tb elduGoncnneb gl$ulb ,r*rup,ri,
unohrrgu-lfooh oeol& eniro oroSi;pd: p&upean4&
o"r-_si: orglrb 6uu_li Oorobrr_ @anal,pu mgro4&ig
mnpf, aOr'lnriasir. rr6rn19g)lrb 6)onpeoo unootrrgu-#
6oflah gapg:ait eorrorojb 6)pnt_ri bgt goigpEl
-1_1r-rg
u1a$ Oufipgl. 9,,5.DG6 fiu g1rfuGa eounireemry aOenecl
(Light House) gairgurb Eg,o.og,.

6erattOg.d'oc
uneoinrgru Garyptaeir prodgri rgchGor q6n,f
Gunqgrb pth qg6i)6uri6g @enargo,,dr ur_lrb _L,
. g4arriohrg44dlu-loir goalpoerfid: upriigeug
orpdcrirl
g4ppc,ra @enarrycrio&r6 @onpoo porfldu
.6dr4i
--{Sr-drrg$ r-nilg 6tonrfront 6)eu.rporri. ,g;

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 20

eNf€l(D&rlltorrnoji pagpppnd>, 51s,1 pioa @cnartr

#lqgcioreu-rn a p Ea g b p gt. utr aisr tpueh 6)p@96)egf ruair
6)un;h Ocu-l 6lanefueuah gah OeneirGol@ei Gonoloufurei
Gianstrpo:n6one au9ri #)t--r--Gurgt, Oenptang
,9r0CO.up @oror 4ecir 6)zup$ Gorp Oeg8u:eih mg,ior4 ei;qgt*
6i,ean g roahor{go moouf}goq @+d; 6)onoilrr--nair

{*
:iI#{ mfi

Gr66tg) dlo:riupan46 d^grtb Oerirg8u-lnoi: Aorp

e1pdGqgtb.
. erdlo anourb ,elr6lpf otn$la9oi: Ounparrzurorro$
gagppo,pi GunouGor 6anpo"ro pofich oL4orpfgl&
cgfg1 6|unponzuLnna3i 6agPP g,1.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 2r Slo*Clur& OonPsDG
uu-reuuflaqgrb OolPo-6
-JrPu e,rouflorioqqth,
r-9ppni@
a'fu-rer'rpeop (gDpugpr96tu "*tc-:y-:
-rrlJ uourp 6rpg
edta $otidu-rniroEgdr etpcir #lpirmruu
pb
dairpar. Jh tionourl qor:zuriaoh ppnt aar'
unL-eboofleir

O *n-O-",i fo-goe gfuL9)r-@ n&$

6anpeoa' Et 6ri6t Agt
'p!2gt fit ersoryrir-9eh t6laripeooei Ganrnnah
r-rn@rnpEuu u;oL-qrbo
6"7Oi,Ir, 6u6sgrlorp' er etrgt gri'tgggrgrh'
.oo96t qg 6ronpooa; crru.rgJ g4apirgnglrb' 'Pb
ongdlul.Lo' P&6 9f61DL-
6onpeoa-' 6r6iirg, Loguer4&
--a*nf--
ar"-U'"*"* U glt65trtfi r-1o3!dairpor'
gt$grairaeh
6onporougah o.rr$clrpqrb parporpulft oglrfleunod;
I"G"ag-* gA-Eg, ogorti;gzueog
o naror sb 6)ugrnd$:41 P6fu
gtn'
r,hlollt trg.&
rogteord; ongdlugah qslrflruri'Id€i+ m(D-9(9f'
por ui tpp&uarair, E&utrna:nilo r 6rrr-pgt&
6)e{li€otoirp
6p6qq9a"f -** ipiaanfro,aGwnt por,tt 6lun19p'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 22

6166rDt ogrrn$gl$ eorf,ci€q9ri. gr;nilGo, Oanpotou9oir

ur*o&rrrl ubf,u-lio c.g&1ryf .

6t,rr fial,a pc,tI.jo, pairrnriooflr-rb Grnalnrir$ -'

GpnewgpeOi9G6D q6CJ6iDt-ur o9lgrfu-t gahanLoanu-lri
6ubpgr. rgeb cl,pd gffi @4tpp Sfltu cpgo:pul6'
erflerrnirgdohp enileooultb o-6?DL-uJgJ, (y1ffirPulk
crdrourou4b ar--a9eb Appd er@iunl1g'l 6,uflu AO&
Eu$eopu4ic,L-.urgt, ooir&'n q-cnnzuno6 6onainL-
@Opg 1gr+ooh zunqptb ESgrta%,vqth o-eortu-rgl'
61 6ttr gt agan'd;g Sg,i rnnnilgrg m(E,o(gf -

Grrlgzusggl Gocr3i Gpnanf&

dlqeor-tr ofilqg* Slpr:r8oir
ofrensg rg$rt fr p #lCggp.sdrh
@orrd;6or&n uftg q$€arfl dr

cri 6ar#4ri 1g4uur&a$grl

pfiJan fiolrGun rt paeJAut(DP.
(roglorqct anq!61 :. 133 - 138)

unr-@ru:r5i p%uoLah Op@g6"du.lofl ah oneu$$eir

gf6u ,ldlDr-.t-t gcri,plyssit 1-1r'tg&r6 orriurgufl45bpgr
erahueopulft rn 1gpgri o-or1 ti;S1gf .

eurrourflurb 6)eriuo'uriooh $$gr'S9o$p6b 6)etru-rrjr

ur-r-- Guneuufr aa:niro&n gfursb pr@o'gqciigri 6oneobr@
Gun ettp fran a, g nrb 215tb G un g mq e$oa':nilo 6rn6b 6t b fi
euppey&1qahr gpi: Oug6gu qo,nri g:a$Gp otflu
u1&&cor p- p@pslunei: A.o619Lo€ ilxfu&e&rpemt'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 23

.gpriGundpqgrb pe$6la:orgogril1g,th gancanu-lOun$

Sfgbpg6 n5tmr pcrfletu o-r(gfi S!6utr.
oro0orp 6|u@pp oreiDg1g ordodr
uoirGorg ua*rr-th @CptqO uLt4w$gt
gei:6'uah @rdgForc torcorcb ooilOa:or
pclr b plho ollhr lgif aonir?onafrr@ uglori
6ulgairor--oi: qr' rpgu r1an1$$orq Gu-rnprb
6COd,cS rogrr9ri ururrl 6lurff6 PAbg
o-66aqg ungoh or@orntr
(toEporq& enqldl : 536 - 542,

oPlungfiWrtu6rt-
O onpeurougeh o-riq olouflarfiah a-rafrrrgoek orfleoe
,u t a& oeai:deiirgur. €|oJ.pc(ts@, e..i oof| arfi oiir LlPor er9|u-lri
ph @g|o,paetr Gutrc-- zuorri6ou AuDp gt[nil(96@ttb
a-l1gdairpor. 6lanpanari uqgpugei: ellei;grnilgaoir,
euomflorfiair gp$angoGcnn@ o9l&nurn@dahpor' @gp
f,Dgcig ge8 r-8oa1& Eq $pnnarg. eleot1urf'Pl
g r rfurg aetr, €t19co dlgp d;61-ciq9 6, moafl rfl ;w' t b a?hr t)
Guneirgl epggrohr *@pgt, o-rnoflah o:nur Gung4b
orn6uluuJ@)t-:u doflgeo8air olug,oSr--$Gpu9r-@,
rr,p}(ts(g doflqgeon-ei: €,@t,5 gor*, r56tr derf,ge8zu
gyaae$gtr <gpbiacir derflgeoCIei: Grnnglorgne'i:
.o-otrr--n g A g osorl-r ri i9 gl;ioopooh G aL-g tnn g 6eu-lgl
ofl&nu-rn@d ar p o,rr L 61cnur, Seoru6agfl pni@ pei':glrtt
pp p p pg,ri, (
Sl g;un gnrrpgrit ueor-'u9ob g(gd(gri "

Gpnair uoi@ a-ufinrf gqgomdun@ ol,fip

roarglrl grt66r6ur o$$' ror--Golnf
pargrlri g,6dror pcmff (gPPk
orreiroinr! 6r19p$6rir atu9fips$ pt-e$p

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 24

Gpndir r1pb rodDp*gri peborrt gile.rir.06fr

a.-6nfiu.Jdb griurcb o_ror' rguf noc&p
denfg5o&r rlprilor64r €gl8o0 u_rn@r_b
ebg$fr orcolr}9air Qarftol,a
(Eg,n<&rt 55-62\

et6,brq)JIW
€', 5 p n gff pp! ai-: r_1ar ruri 6ol;*r ootr euor gf , 6o nsenr o
u9ah manrei-r gl,5Dr- aealyufl?exru_4h ,g|gta,sir E.flo,f
65rfl6ih Goo$mg3fi p@ &ualo puqrb e-gu6'qgri.

gabreorflu-r !$6gilcornei: Cpr_drurir_ Earbp

e

pafurrg%orqin, i?anqgagtr 6i,nrrLq%mqrh 6upp

goafrre-oib (cg$,3odh6rii) ,.;-ur15Sfitu, a_u-ti fi:p, rneourei:
€,fiDl-.bp aso4u9sb, Srr6o)!p othozgi. g4psnag Gui_t
Gun gll rb p?zucuru-r qor L tu gj t x rg& en y a:lrr d: p p c),5d) tr6DuJ
qtr'rr-ur5J. goehonn€u-r ufia9hvqemc_uL .6*fur- Llp
€t,otF-rir uo,*o;rb ;aohq5*$ Qrn$g 6rBgt Bbu, etpotr
a;lu9S*op @t-ronooleoL-ul E grritpra ,gfibgt, qzunci:
pnppp6uipp pnei4) @Opg, +rolg ro,--ri p,rbpk
ornggr-l A-6, Sonparou96!1 sr pooorffiu5E.

=grynilGo dfain@ ar1grb €,€bDeeh 6lon*tr@ orpgr.

a9$u-r igoflft*S'qtb @aflulrb 6ubp A&gtacr- Apfrri;
ditii;Etsrpo,r. aryefuzupGu: Ocsi:g1rb, er9lgriru$prio
p6ol-dotrru16-drrtr Ed;u'r4u9air onei:eoir g;rb r.g#gtahn
r8pd'4leirpor. gpgaotr (g.dourf oofla;r 6n&u or@&
6eu-rgu €lp66r g
Gsuo$oogt* Glo@rSdsiirpnn. @oiraLngl
$a$grg1 pe-$eu Ggolf u1ft-u unotrrqaremgl 6lonplorna
crnirglG paifletr atfrgtin p.'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 2\

S&r pr gs 6,ur pfi p Ocr&orcil Oargggoorr

6tsgf$tr Goni@umor gyouoot4ti
go;rirr--aLb
Gucrurib p&r:al r9amrl €ro,tttp Plto.t1g.
cluggeol-- 6p@fiGpr@ anriruu uNo{t-6ih
arugglanr-ri Gur Et arnoO$oir 6t9lfiAn
ef$p7 $pttgt utdtr!)dh
rlarolri 6)unqggr
@zuri$ar'ry p$p *frtuaf.i tgPPth
oa.lri,oorr--ri rlqo9lcii erei: ol@p pqdnglb
ppcpi orqr,S Oorgreura (4atugtmlp
(glsri 130>

6an-pso,r p6r p gJfi uargurf ( ?pdrppqga: uti;ooh)

rcoerflii Gp119m.d pnerfieil rgflalpu-lk zua:rirlrfl$' erarnno
u4h e,vrfipg; or-.si: Ogriou$oop org$u@ouang, rnrgosn
gii d)$Snd;6tEf.
ugrtu: uLn %u a?br uqor,u
.Gi=lrii 6)eu-ru-1b 6tgirpa0ail
u-lor@Jrb GunfL-+ 6teupf dugunlgutordrr uneotnrgu-r
grd;grflu-rg;, 4fLF dgp.o flpfid?kcrugoit-ut OeirpanCI
19Oot-gic.:rp.

.gdrG*, ogor;rirgrb gofl dlg,o,o rgs$gatgt-on,

zuouibr-;iflti +nilgo&nri Senfl$gt, 6rg:u:ri roooflri
.91ti qgo.n'i$ p gtnpu9atr aotbrGooT 6t-b 6i'1ilr;u$np
argfur-@ @ps, ssrtetrein ttci'pbp .9,.Ed Gprp€eit''
fnpuS pnofei: ctderb Gunqgppu 6ugnirar-o.l
<ebr6unrfl6don pg.'

er9fur po9lafu urr&r oflpebGunrfi"l ut aftr rywett

qo$roo0 AptAfi 6bnproro (p&gl6Dp
.9logl'ta$lf go$p6lor@ oralbqrfi 6)erfi$gr

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 26

por9rr66fru 6uro0;b-p
"tt 9-lq...glutug'ir
uorgou'r u,aElflft ueffi$gtooPu
uYatu

uaGeurnir .aolr4ba
ga$P a26fiott-
_@a"o, 6u6rirer_du o_oLal8orrrf ttty,"^
201)

.aonpoo,s6 aupugpugei: @?gt: qgofiuuarriasir

s4rb r:+p$e
,gpgte slut9a%n n@\gt "''S;t ?@3n'iTtit' t"?-*
r-?rguueuf oqfti;'Orit
n'irgaoir,flru +rc*rrb
qgth. r-6erh Srquuzurioeh protigei
tgpge
--'9i-- 9y'-**
6rir9o&n,uu;'g--tn'i' " 9"pp'SSi{
pgd -,t'qg*[ J%tsuna,& oonOuurriaoir' Og
";;;"n"to,bl{-si
oru-rg
6lona'ftrr--5 6}onpeoo' 61661 9l
-O""r-"dJ dtpu-ua qgfd;6gi, ',gt.,tt Gu4na:
ureua:f
unobrrqu-l pnu-@u '
-n,rin,t creirglrb
4|ur9
uarrtrair Oorsiruorrl gao$P
a'i@6
Prr'ff PPe'9loit r,fl$6Ptol,t-
Gurfforeei 6longroo.
1g4e6: 296)

11p,o$dt 194fld;a& 6eei:grb uypasiastr 6lurflLr

au-
glqnl-Pp5tb
ur--6e$ Aeef{gtoetr' a-pLru;rli-u. pn &arr put4
osei: epiitgdigto*'' ptiorLcti -*9f*."*
onirg*Ebn -qf9o
eraiarfleiorou-{-',6' gpf; -*ti'qF'+ p gt &rSoftf:on
6lan ain@ piotqdci'i osh' . q*-nq. ^'gt
zurip5tb e' fi p $ ptrri
g+ P 5t Ppgrbqrb"u y pa:t i%n' 491 rn 6tti:gt artr
gDurt*a s]lt
oo,nugeto Ftrrgl, "Jqq
asotrugeb @'onfulgarnf
"h"g@pg' e'+:-\t ? -iTl.
Geupo, 4yrr-rfaoir
ooh. 6)onr*ra d;;;;--{"
tidqgri' Ge p pn aobrarorgrr
o9l
6regpr.0$u """9di6;rfl
rr airguLb xrilau q6Dal'r'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 21

rpadg P*iA
@eulilSgrb urylrugloir
r--eDriqff @Fdu-r onob$rtrcfu
uypatll
gp9p&uu usfierrb 4prtriurii
ao6ruar6
Iueatqg Oarprots cr$ri6en-en Afptotl
6lp@r&Gonr' @ 46n&oafir'
19oro1 roennut
(qr6, 350)

gt$Qgdnenntsrio
o'LDP|)
enilo eno.-$eop gl-q6rurqg$p glOeuorei;
-'C o't' *i *' rgu'rf
Gt u orb' qgo$6'rpr eir,,in ul'; *" n u neobr

;-iH-{f*{-,n#',,*;:f"Hf :,?titrh{';
ilflf#8l ;#ffi% i - 4;; t Ea st e''-' " u
9
ere&rust Oprflu't
u.rairG6! 6pErh 6;E;L-zui6uste'i
619)6$85u.

sir zu'r 5l Grnn gt

erpsoougoir or--paeo n'9q th "
515 u
g'i-"P'!
ba SLi$p o9iofl tlot
sfi psurrnu-r n ul, 6 +e 7
C'@'-..:'r [u95b Gzuomno
uJriDr-tugf --t b{^I*'-ti'
o^'9'- ex%uugair GoLop
-pp 99
Gr-ongrrb ery&uGu-rn@
Grot--rseb-qB et.bp GmirsGeuGu'r
€6tu etpp "nOaee''
"hW:
e'lFt**e:- fs*q
et"n''
"iffig?
Golamno erriGung1 g1couq''
elr196
Oceirar to.D6l(919
ermgl atr$56&APg'
p6nfu
@ppolau: 6|onpora<iq9nttt."$nt
9:n'noflr-&
orrgtb crairgt
or(gr.orrgu r*nog1i"e'""J -nfir
&e p gt J
8i "n op'g' d' 6r oT
rq 19
p*u o9l ugair 6 pqg?--

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 28

Eai p glulfroornefuGrout, erd

e-(gar,ru.l
p1gurfug$ $dr poe,eg p cnilori-rlgornedr
darfolfol urt$PgeEirb 6lpah6onpano6 Ganranotr
a-oltdrta{ urt$$1g&gtb 6pq!c.
Qg:pdgdrerrld4dl t 40)

.6onporeu9eir (9o.og,56ir dloor_d;qgrb crahuorg

u-tna4g6 gtdorri. 6)anpsoo3b glorglugei: ml@mn qgopg,
ooh q-6otirL- n 6 ar pen ? Oanpanaeou_ru-lnqgrb qggpGora)
mrglg16Dr-ur qgefit crpg !$eiur_l u,nt$};;r& anp
o n oi: p &r riqg r-b on rfl;o s u f o dohro oflei.:, .gya.rbr ai c'^-r_ rjl
6,u,gp qganpu-lnob Wpgtaetr o_eufurr_ndoh peor,r' or#rEl,
a.gudlgoh .o?a.:o9.

Snt9ufairg @rl crSlogf Sggarrb

GonpanaGrr uetal rr@olgt
qglg$Gorcir rr,rp{or -6sn4Dora$
E'efitcr$g .91aor&
agSwrft ccfirfurb u@th.

(g:pdpndft arnt0yth l 46>

Oonpooeu9air qg $gtapstrt Guno6 Gono:pu_lrflnh

oofuroufri$ gof.)aoh gogirggnngci e'-DJ.jo oaggfinir
r-16!'6urro G un fr p$p&ag.
oryour ytxgfirflrufsoir 3r1g oreoou9du 6lon4a*nougah
Egtteauii; e,rpo @zuei;du-l o.le,i;geprieornoa qa:otriooir
6larporou9air cnl' do&n glgfluln gaglu_lono$ d[r+4
orlquqoircnorri. gysDilJ csloiranpn: Oonpoooo[J CIdh
glh ph Cgetr Fgpgtfieirpalr.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 3. 1glpgt ofl?rnu16 (9einn
p&ur o9lei:
6e npeoe o str P6uu-lso4 6?t* p p gJ'b' prh
}pnenEt 6lpniGt_
Gpnahgzugl @bgt' Oonpoura p p gt' Grn ei: p ni@
pw tr a'$ &aig
rg p gt eqgofl <i grb g;;:'a,.-t
Jffi""i Sgpnt_@ zueoofleq96 fir"'a$ ol5Dp
' .Gta,r
@Pgl
(grob6c,p pr+ uJbrrrg- .lgoppar4arort'
6)uilgeirsgrb' GEtito tp7atr
"Jt*-*'w^,. *'u^Ji
orrroofluGr-c
G'uppoar'
ctpgrri'*Op$-i tl cleqtpgi.*G'
nt *"f * 6lan pol: oanu-rdt
rnirs a nou [r,]*-'i * €9i " p e'+ dlpioru
gu uqeio un stl
Z b f,;" ;; 1iJO t c J"
6r

goorn o,argg,ru,,n'q;''i'
q9or119$# gc$guoafioi:
FGp

etetrugt Grnei:
r-6)a6 crpbpgt tiarrinsoro cgpGp
.pnr--rqorfi5itu 6nu4'
cg p g,pieuLo
s tn gi' G an- G r-ngotb''6a:tb'
eoufl *ofi ge

uo:orrb, r1r--uqneLb, nyipx'

rnnouFld;orh
' (9$5'
orolqtb 616tru66r 6-pg'ui''
pauroeoofaoir'
ouro.r@rfiu-rrb, o9)&nu{6
icoofisoiri
tgpgtk uaronlgorb $iuu@ :-"9* rfld;opndr
(u14g)-e'-#*"** gTTt*ri:
.91ouflosk. giflrii rn$rieouultb
4xomflGaLrri6g 'gtgs5rflpg
a-wt$gatgt,

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 .9,fo9ud6truw (gFE, g(D o0.o q6rfl (oyrtcr;
u9db o-.cdlrt_nflpgt. @i-p" -cEgg,* d}nrg
6r6ur
o"tprdrgar'i. @bO! dlu&dlglorr roorGa;n,
@(S Gargl
a-gbg,h OunlgGorn qgbgt Oaianrr_ncu,
.gydd)rirg
wr&us Errnoollfl palr Lap$Gprd) .91@len$t,
crrir9$du-rtb (Epithelium-)_ *"lrgrri, ur__ar36griqgor
g-e1 ?urfigglt eoar66grgr" et4ptt ;"rgd;
$,yno6of, o,f d;@th $ii6[noilo6u_r
.91@d;ono eupgt AuFpp
6ur1g%tr& Gtun Ss,oor p gt. @oireungu 19ddgx,i p; 6
CtunSwL 6upp Ounqgeirpn rt Abgt.
tgp8grcir CpahEr Glun@ohoeir o-ehcneur. sgrfiDor
qr rofuu@ (A ragonite), onahdGu_rnegah
in)
lConch-iol
fit erwuw. 6,rr.mfl o,yii;grh $rflgdren *n,irC-i6
Pn6n' (g4p Oungoir. @rrafurt-ni dur rgalr.sr@.*qgoen
Ag.nd arord;euu@tb dl6)mafir@ri Ounrgeir. gorrr(tsor
ptrmr $i,@qatoruorgl 6)urgerflGarGnr
bCOAegg,I
@p66tr .3[@iij(go6ir rjo 6roci:ifrr6Dor. €,6rDor
gofieou-rp eolrgrTCT qoog@rb; .9apuo0ttoolO
6ruru;rb. =gppgofuEneir CgpgJ 6a qgrpero gcrflf
Anrpg. .e,@6i9?T 5ldir.dr?h ,tre, g"t (go gigiu
gnoi: uar fiprarcoir GotSgl g,6rffie66rpar .

(UlPd$ ;JGPgfi Spdl c-.pur', noi: Grneir

4y@ti;oro Ornglarna a_fipgt ogh_ Garafir@rb. .gah,J,
.glqgp$g1 goairGunei: gerf,ag)@rb. gopguoofioir
o_qga$rorr__ zurga.lgosiren rg:$gra8lrrGu.l-' in*o1,i,
o9ligtbqari.

I chr* ccnq!#}r.nb

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 dpefipp gefi, ebflfar Gutranflgppri:, Gouoirofl.
Gunoi.: 6olaftrarflp(!05?rrr-6oro, g1dtanyaegr Guneb
6e$,rfpgoarr-onro Sdur pnorhqgtb @pA,no (garorri
61 66r g Gueriu@€ 6&r p gt,,

ogJdJq @pnrar (go,ogJ6@rb e_eer@. €rdrrr6r,

darr-irugl r-do .gryrflpnoe6aireltotppair og?ruuJ6 dg,E.

CWBap EEtpgt agpunrioeir. e$6e,n6 drnDl_

etil(g petfluLrs o_oirorgi. g1tgt UpEt d6trugair
(Grain) erorrlu@rb. pr66rg rgpgt d6)rugerh @(D
anryLt-rrrgth (Carat).

i r r_ @ m sila: n ro sb, E mrf, go fur ugs€COpgl

6)o n,ooro u9eir
@fnGrneiuoryth atroy ua: agr_nilaof,du g3ig,,e g"ngpei:
I
prlor-Oufipgt, ploGurg g,pjiglciqgAugei: Upgte
. qgerFnq pel,t_6ug8pg. 196O@6b paln_itupp
,:- Cp,sgr.i; goflririsb rnr_@rb IO5il,BAI #)dngreir
er@ei;oilLur-r-or.

Groei: ptrLAe$gpgt pth pnL@d;g 6rrbp ua:ri

Aperi; qgofhianu Gprftsb oddtur@ nfl$p pg,i:€1grioeir..
oatrrorrioofL_rb Gar__@, €tffi FL ufbfr or W Su.rzurioqgrb
o-u"tor@. 6ianfieots tg&ga8erit ubfiu.lb Vpg,&
lgofiioruri up6u4th OrnocfugofCu, rgerflsfl, mnrici;o.
GunGa:n gdGa:nri ,gflbp e$taryfua&,nqrh @nirGo
6)cn@eio erglanpdGpnh. grya.rrioqgdDr_ur o636guocrfictr
#la: @arrm:'pw gapogludu o_ailranroeiqgri qpthura
@qgriuorpu 6iur1gL u@ppnmcb u+pgt rn6$Go:nrb.

I ordrc: @ptolawsyrfi

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 J2

& nseioPd eitt gfi it ltsdl

g(D'Dp 6to11u
t $ P y 6fi pair clano,rugei: gnglnr rn 5
prrJ 6 "i'e-oo9#,3Dti5'ptiu p fi p p*t' rg pnq**tot@ o6rfl 6i)

agmii;gdqgri. (gpgl Clpttt q.?"S* .ereirornEl

;J^ pil ubfi esGan @(D
tEt+**".iJ-g,.i ?p36)t
@-'i ?o-'919iiod; a'@Lb' Epitrrl,u
-J"* "-"Jt ,Jn-t''gulprLO Ct'6dth -4l'f,e*
qft @hr$guu
oglorfiai;&gti.
€tftr6ih) u6t) mPozro9l
<rEitqn&4orfieiu ('Lraforrgu-l
T* pppr*& a'puu@5)'Dg'' S@6ii @orri 6)r-19r
-*,
ir" *" bL"- Ln*eir roi@Grc' $u 6uatu meevflsn
,6]uu-lri urrecforrgu:r'gdfnrid]afloru-Sarp$glib' ern6orp
or--osgu6 rtirrl' Serirqrb
ourq4gt' 46nir'xnniGa
€916, sr60r
ereilaroors& G:nquL Gpol;opasir aesurg
"ii-iii-l. Snlippor
grlorzunel,' or--o9gtah. 4trsu-itb
&* 44 ;wi tu p p &'x gt
6un q4 gt r 6ludro o?r a919riu$p ?b'.
Lntr 66rt cx oofl 6leri:u-t -
g;'n 6"l n 19&n'= o ;ctr 6r--$ $p'r i'
uer"1gti: €il;i;'rni?F ar-agei:
6p.p(9t 'Sptg -:ffiariaoh r'or--@tb
€rpd g'O'n19'-*6 p'5'5€D:9i -fo--U*
GroGa: er6pgr *Ep*t' . O1a1"o#
Groei:
'E'riO
y & aor"'i'' A'-"f' 5 Lb er9(Dr-t uL,' ur-'S a9i-L: r*Eu
Gynn p a m

eeL'rrfiur T
q'n 6ur1eGor ar--aese6$5
;:;;;";;l;. 6un;E
Sorr--tiqgLh *-- goJbS: 9o 6f t- '6rrLO
oofln: rn,iorflpLb *;-dtb
o"-lT ei: ouleniauu@6pgi'
elouuflu Ouir'gofich
qntrndt6olfi,iu App !g**tn*
€l s6D 5 at',wp g,t,
g'-- g19" 6) 19on n 6u-r ir3:$:5o8kn ci;
u n

u:rsoarr €Ne":nirarfl #Pn t

6anobr@ pth tca*r un 50br+ ""
o9)' $[nozuoh
I Gooefupooflot- o9l creb'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 33

Omoefupofan9oir 6^frEt afiu?h-,r& oanpungE4b

(gpgt creirgld a$?ooqwt$p rnmfleou.r (y:5alr Up685i)
eafir@Aq$gorri unahr+uyrl @1gcioei S--Olb c.r6irp
6@@Fp p@&pgt.
nyap& oei:g2c$g rnricrflgrb rrdih4, Or-lu_lri. 9g,
polnoa'flooflub g"hg.
rc4op$eopci; g@{ir19& 6}cnoi:
a:nGn: dGqci;oriosir igo.torpci qgfLrr_9r-@, lu:tafipth
crom o:gnildanri- 6)rnaeiupofeiur Grnglrb goporgn ubfru:
dlal Oeu:$o&'n orpnirgdqf i. Apge dlrltgaoir ga9)areb
qgo9)ua;nod onarrriu@rb or{org1fr, Gpofanuri €una:
Upgt& dlrir-$ooffguJl ene UpgJ& dirlr9 o-afrr6'lr--orirgurb
o-g&gt. Ourfiu.r ofl&uqarfgp Vpg 6orr__rigrb
flrlr-9oou-r dtnoougofeip glye ErtE oretrEt 6(Dp@lf
Gungpt. urn66g ppGugobGr--n gryarrioqgni;Go
' et r e (gpgt' danud;grh or & ua e;u;,r.h 6prflafl6dg'i.

t+pge Eufia&;r er@Egr Goruge$ei: o-orri3bp,

cgrcDor antu$p r_9pqg eizup8e8tgp6t gffi 6unqg$$nr
(gpg6h, er@uunrioeh 6r€6; gt s-gtrh 6lmoerupaferu
peiun: gD$$6,tr dh, p6$il Ounairof,ah o0&ucnu:dr
Gu nn: gorb ror--nir g n dr gt th, @ aafursor- qrb cr anr-regaOi@
fr gt pgt er$pr€ahpanri erahErrrb a'gu$q9ri.

t9flfdtr st#,i'Otb QrfuSan

6')rooeiupofen:-ei;(gii; ana;;i;oneb difiuLt-arytrolr
Eafloflqd gopglsofl,rn dlgrrioruqd €,nrpdl6dr ofl&uoour
uqth ufifi& a'dDoruirfin ua-r 6cut$s*trp pg&qgt,
6an-3

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 Appp 6xnpg go3i;groGen. Apgt
.CIf,nJiiojoegietr
ooh $'$grrn 6r p8r$pei:pno;r
oU Ou19rbun'gtrb do, r-d; I
grn. rgpgt& Slirrgoeir gtO g6u6r--r-- ona:lbpelupnair
a-fiu$puLndahpcrn. €loiDor ornarulgb Eppgr, u$n$
grofloou-rGu-ln, rneolp$anqGu-rn ornu9gleh 6t"gpd l
ornd?Dru Cpr+d, 6taneirdohpan. .etgGor (g,Ppr6 gl,P68r
oril-0dtdl6-+o-lgorndplgl. P6bei: (g7gt Gpnno.ru-lnu9air
ee.lrllrnfip p@d;ore8eb Bairg gRPd er@cio Goreufor@rb,
tgpgtaetr poforeuuf geh Sqtnd6itr r.6l19gnrnoolb,
OorofiGu or$go4-ah cbt+6urtnr6o1.b gd a9)@Sahpor.
il4'p86xr o9&D 6)ungnrno .9f pdh 6lalabroLor
uorueniq, oorrb SSUJ
o-1gafinoor- o.ltganrb, o-1gzurb,
eufienn} 6)un gg,P9d;Apg, g7;ct antrdtormncs'"r bp
@rotr@ Cp,g5J o(gitb @eiir(g o, S&nlrun $ oneunm nt' r--n *
o
€,Gp anyewr$g&one ptb Gynui Guyyet Cl,ogJdig
rgeuflGu-rn' (gnq g11,pp peuflppatranro) crahEu Ouu.trflr'

@eharnri. S$pu:no9ci: or--poor4u9o$ danlriueoo-r

Af,gt urgur-1 $ptb ornul$porar. €@5b o-6eu$Sdu
Ourflu:earn:.'

A b p e qg pr}1 oqgr-ch, gopona.:$pe$ o- o o$

r96rfi6ufl
SG* 6)uflarooaru-lnein @rafur@ fgbgte,etr erduScdr
g4yflutrear doflGrununr--4ne9r-rb (6.Cp. 68-90) @6$
p*n cr*hueopai; gpur9r-@, ga.,paptt ulbftuL fr6oor
un;or fia$ri4l geirmPulh P64,1gt.
ary$Gprranfliigtb doflGurnu.Lryrs$fi5k g(E
Gunr-rry pL-bpg). u-rnri gypo# 6leeua9loir gtg cr9)gipg,

I t5l6n6ufl- 49. cretu. o9l. @lroorair

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
pt\p@+u4b orahgld .gyriGunr--rgugoi:,pr6tr g@
o9lqt$p6fu uJbg,, r.Ee6r.rair Oeerur-ri Ocefuooh dear
arg8do 1p+q6 ercirg gtil6h 6i'pfla0gpncr.. @orpe
Gor-r- aA$Gpnarfl pdu igorgu.lnrneil oghunli.d1gltr.
g,d,u+ g19 o?fgp-p pt-pflrtt onl-@rong gl,ardih
Gonrflg;h. €ofiGu:nunr--4n o-r-Gor grqD d5ofurdrn$pdi,
PynLeol,e& en fiapii 6)onoabr@or y& 6i,ei:pn r.,tr. 4llordir
pn on$eb o-a:o3$pair ACq Ourfiu: gtpgt,i;a*a$
Opnnirgrb angarfloorno g1arflp S4gppne". .gtarpdl6i)
g19 19pop 6r@4gp PynLrrl,e& enpp,$ gryq9p€ii;
arrrygpneir. Apg 4ry& cnpanp& g+bg o9r_usir.
rop6(tscD an ps819pp @g6opuJrb er@perc* aoiyi,upplg.
gourairqgeir. ay$Gpnomf) gl,nDp.s g@6g1u Gunr-rgugeir
pnan Gpnfippr6 gnqat Oonoforr_n0fi.

dofiGu-rnuniaro9lah eWfi @yainunaryt (gFE6

.gfardir @ppp ApO Grnth pc,4& Gono9a9a) @@pp
erfsureru GEzusoprilgii onpsoufturo .9,firuRogl6oi
uLt-gt.
upgi r6o0u-roir Ocsiur-ri Oceruengair m€nq 75,OOO
uol/diir 6r6dir9t mpur9@d1gricoir. EeftGwrurLyr.
6rrly ggtd; 19+pp @(D 1gop€sih u€nq 7 5,OOO uo/dh.
.9tor6ir 6?Dor,s€19pp (gpgr65ir @fes1@rir uythueay&
6er$pna 4ryorqgdqge$ 4o:r-jigooor. €,6?Dar dgb
.6rL-@ g4yeiaaflufirgpgt urfirnoci danr__$poror
erangn gpur9@6lmftst. cg,dDar @fflw gtgEaani
gdg1rb, o-a:4eb 6)urflar (gEg,r6@drgrb
=grfiu_r (g.g,El
ogdgrb 6)uu.lf 6i,ubp Oonparo go$glcGor €b6u6u
cror d; 6on oirSahpanri.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
rrfr S*;6unfio,t r* Ytluff)ot r

d. r9. uflng:alrg:m gfr.algabrqa$ pLdgirpnL+6t)

uucurrrb 6)crrrpar i' @;i5no0u:
pnLqelryrew nnt&Gatr
GunGa;n. elriGurgl ugleo4u9oi: tppyunaisr+uJ5iir
qt-41 Oeurgr a$pnsat. rr,ni&aGunGnln unobrrgal

pnr-rgoir at-fio,eoydt ugpoofiei: (gpgt6 goflrllueoptt

cafr@, gf 6rD.gri u ls fr ut oeor niro&n p 6 p,r g p pefi ppn t .
.nrarflcfoth (g(t (g(f6lna<i OeahEl (gpgtd; (95IRn
unfoeh; Cgpgri; qgoflr}ua:rioeh o&uu-lnarran anuo&n
@@d,t9di, .gra$npgl 6lanain@ argloir gogirqgatnfaeir.
dtor--tiqgrb 4h19o&n 4lrieoueofiei: Gunr'@ci 6)o,reir
eurriosh. ot-gyi;qgeh gpria"olh rgn+uJr7 Eik'o qbuGth
Gungl, Gtoeil mLr--$589 ilFg4 p5ih1g6 U&€"
6qgp9,6 6lorrator@'-8"itor@tn or-'gllt*gsh 6)ee$olnri

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 37

56ir. UfiSre 1gelfiuq pr6ft Gp(B-g1,b pnnr_OuEurb,

grorrioeh g19 u(Dnrppal Gcafi<i1grb #hirgoeh crduetlr
pn@orqgd;grb Gpaoaru:ncor (qpgta&llr& Oon@dgrir
€t6nal gyporon euranal.
or-o0ei: o-eiror Sln: dairash gpgt& qgofl0uorri
a]&n6 s.r--,* doneirgu fl,rrg o9@tb. .gt.o@db o.remflari
arir n$Syth }pfrbp urfttusoriai%n gloolp;igrri 6't6ai>
zunricoh. =qa.r;iooir rlbflfk gS r6ahacn,rsi: gpgt8t
rg oflrlururio'qg tirg @airanai: t p uur patn g,t an Luv t acir.
nn?rruwnearg1h @pgt& goffnq B*rU ogl@orpnei:
unriiruourriosh n$fi7wa*lrr o9,i--r*Sd; 6)onefrotirrioeir.
Art9O €COt-@ppuur nn a rgt$gt$ qgofi ci;ori deairqgeir,
npEf th o9a:Su 6?euu96b r6eho €litig, @our 4 u-ln ar n rio ;ir .
€rpgdil @ro9ob unlgth ol-a9ot: *onor$poirmna
qgopgrii gorffuu$abPar.

(gpge gonpg6b greU*'orri S5ofi'r@,b Gn nnp$

Sah @sou n9a) 6pnr-drg 8 p gt. Cg pgt,i;,Offiei;a oglgr.br-;
Gzunri glye.eafluh gryliEnL#lu upfltX 6'tup Go:afir@6.
gryorrioEgeiqgri 6orr-d;rgrb orqgmn5rrp.drb u.s.d$ g19
udronro .91afl<i;o Garabr@rb. €l$gtt_o&r,
=91rtrg/cijg
Cryer"rrioeir ca*r6)L-@d;19th .gjflru, 6lurf,u_l qy:$gta&rlrit
6u1grb o-rflorrnqrb .g,frgcirg D_ddSrO. pnalt er@pgt,i;
Ooneirqgtb etppaooru Apbp gnggroqg6E g14a.66r
pdb6u aO&u 6)en@pgt a9@a-lpnsi:, zueuuflerioeh Appp
Cp$gtan 4r2ofr- tb onr-r--3i pwtdt:gat p5b&D.r

I rorrf*aGurGarn - c9. oefu. o0. @4rcorsrh

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 4. 6nu.re[b mci;E1qg6

Uffigfi urrU;O
' 6lonp'os @(D gtorpgotiruL-rgorrb erairglrb
@gpp r-Qp19 aru-la$ erahgr& oi-peeo4 F6f rh
#lgrriouru
grJsltpy)nu,ffnrgJ. @gJ @"itgt u5ttPur cnu-loi: 6r5ur
og:nirariu@Apg. ueDgu onuoi:, enufql3bg,rd;gd;
Sg!uq.o6 U;otg: ooLoei: gn[S.d5b, grpg,6g+ - 8<O,t
depgnt en&uu9du grg Abgrrno$ $o$orgt.
e,fLl prL-O patrnrfir 6a'lGnro0oi: atrbpp
g5i#r, 6uohr, ggopoopaeir o-t-ut-- 224
goeruogrbsohr
Guri mp xthu$pnr*r agegu-rniloqg&ana$ gtb 5,rr--o'rt--
o9,-@ @19 rnaei;oa-r$$eb tlpituLt-:ott. 4yzui"toir
1perbrcg1 6 n dl cr oirunrfhh p?a:"orLou9sir prdgir pnt-rgair
ar--pooo4ugeb 6)onpooori(9 etCOGou91 ,pp gt eorfl6i)
S,19. 875-9ui: -.ogl @prtufiarrfr. .3ryo:iooh @pr&dttl
@t--Gro uollJur onura:nqg6. ro4t*osu$$elu zu$$pdr$tt;
@pp ellepaqgd;gn unotrtgu-r roahorair Garcfirrq-u-l
arepsoh 6eilg Oan@3bpnoh. rnqditar$€du exerLrieeir
au p got nun eil 4yar io,gg * g roqtio a t, n wi' 6r # p uLt- $
(

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 39

opu{rb g6lfr$pndh.t @pgefu S.E. geJrupnth grpg,afur

rgGalGu: usdrpuJ onusi: pei:a: gl"rnp(9oi5mr<r 6tOppg'
a-pfr8pgt.

udogul onuob 6)arg er'9|eur1o9lGolGul po,r galp'gle,&

4lprlouru @g p gl oglL-r-- gl. u n afir rgu-li sofl ;h .9f r 6dtrLn Arr
@airgrth gynilGo
Gonr-'-nnr--aoflah @rgun@ash
qehorar.

qdr?nt& o'fiutlu
u6opu-l oiruoir gto, pgtarturirgorlnra $tgP g 6rr6Dp
pGa:Gur g;tp66r 4ry1gGeulohor qoi&uriionursi: 9U Aflur
d.Lqr. u€gtEtb Stecqoor
Er6Dp(!D,Enna$ fia$ppgt.
[-* b.tnt &s,sftL]i ge grro:pgooppe$; atpSpiat
deurri. glzuriooir @oi:g9rora3b prn =2ldeio,s€ei: orzup
Frgppni.
60 pp* xulw$n pfi ur itLlilp Saneor Ge.leiFu9@*&n
ex&flrrjr Gunritio-S$u-ri @nirGa gti e4&xsprmp
.Pgra9)anii.

6.Ltl. 1578 e5'i Sffi@, Ur6tT r4-' unflur

1Fr. John de Faria) erairgltb un$rflu-rrii
nr e$o'&a%tr&
Gregtri;Sti dla: gt-8$ Erei:e&nr! uSutltppnri' $oufpnah
6;ally3uLnyaaafleb euglnirdl-r gt!$ 6lrnrpd;g Ct-Fgsor

{!Dpour6 g;aia"gzutb aymmpg1tii 6}ar @$Enri.'

I o*u*sor@4lo:rn - @1aforln& uro6'

Sefun:nr.Bc-rd
' 2 fr.
3;*a6o&u - tolr. crbu$Pcir

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 40

rgohGor t-&* &sn yrieeh, Gunrit*a-t*;ddu-mr f agfL

+6 Pngt qp'i;a$np pgaglorri' elorrioqpri;gti
rgair r96rq'S e, &an y'i aen at ppeart'

r;ah&urtii onu-roi: E$uL glagllporonqrb , tgpgl&

qgoflcigtb glsop'3odLnneqrb Slfg oneurb
pogpppotu
6prf,6pgu.

6'rwd) uLry-.arh

LltDSuJ nu-lob, qah&mei onu-lei: egdu-lorglan Pffi1'

@-U anu-rebuirqsurrb 616rr zupnilouu@rb onu-tGn:
r6)oeqrb qa$ firupp gratpgDolnna'p Sa$ppg;' 4O
pqDapsfuGaro$-S15ri6')e bWt A1grur-1i uneopu9leir 'l
6attg
a-ahargt.

4).,i. u$airgofigrb g,Tp(96!tor+6b gdlglopgldtg

arpp ranri&aGunGer:n $$pti onu-losebpnect atp$prdt
d@i. gtorri ,aT uoi: tilo,eflp$p glenpgoorb 6r66tgt
zurioufld;Eq5f .

.6,$n:diano$ 9"9?b* GropGo 60 sotooi>

"9li@
6leairqgrir mnuri (g,E$tpn@) 6166tp 6)urflu-r pnt-anl-
.txoor--u:a:n&. =9yg1 Ourflu $)$purn#loir 9(D ugd-"
6gJ uafurunr--rqg,tb ronr--dugglrb Apbp pnt-tra$
Aigpgt ar(Dflpgt, 61,6 .u'rl,+%xr pne&t6 elyrtadr
@eSpt
€.ftr@ atppnnaeir. +uggl6 4ryeuriaoFleb glri;dulmnor
,n*tt,q @,ppyun airqrJ6rir) crairuo-rGeor
6119,6 p%v AP\P g,lYxgl:r,nattrrir'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 4l

r6oi 6lurfla'r Fe,fth' '91enp rnnuri

cf,nuJsb ote&rugt
prLO rnohan,ioenn c oflennildlu-t pn ei:orriaofl etr tG sr FrI
g6ur gtgarfur Snfor@ oL6$6air' glorsih Ouu-rti
cl"€u:i{ .gltoreuni_ppei: 6)unahgrth rnerrflu+b'daoptl
gtanro€u+-e'ir
Bfgbp*. €)tordh P66rgt pnr--anr- (9(B
6r p gt or$p'r arr. gryp@cb =91u:efu 6nr--@ zu arfl ori o@iti;g
@p p",fX prtgiou Fp1rflu: @r-mn o
girorro$gioflLt--gl'
grysir oroufiorio'Egd;q9- @oilerraeah Apbp or4GorBq
zupnnEdgan. -g-t-g--- Ggorarooh o-r--gu<i;
@Ltdt fa-r,ocarppu u@dalrpan. ganou:nsi; -Grn&u$
topErtb elIl
6*r"rOuO(t05.5 eSiimefuo 6tr€, S6)Fair,
pnr-rgeiir uzu rilgpe6rn60 1g$gt A4ryh auuei:oeir A6
snu-r?ouGul g,rttpgo*r.nod; 6)anohd"hprtn' ei;,fprL+
olrt pth arjruobaoflei: rg€orro&nu16 Gzugp 6)ungeho&n
qrb 6lonannii$gl -nr-n*A Oedldair,oorri' pnr.-@
. anneucfisp€p@ Ap A*ptgath asfippna $1g&Epgt'"'

uL rg eorpa pit u b 0 e a-EutG u nGF gl nilGa

orr u-loi:
prort-6;,ufip @fto,r arnemflu$oopir up6ulrjo ronri6a
GunGa: n er?rflrun od; c-4dqgf '

.prf$pnr--r9rb tO.d-r,1pbgt zuenriolgl Atfuh:

4ryGporcnad; gS-arraa&nu t9p&a o9)@arpei;&u''
crerirdqgri mnri ci;oGu nGzun.

..prfp pnirgah €g 6 gtth, c)lcrrgfsDL-ur eG an prf t

6@6, qlirnefu, Pgunt, 6)ucri, q6tpah erahgrltb

I @orsdr ulnpattndt 1galGr;rt uncsrrguga @19da&

e-Orb crdrgri 619P3 foqdPtg.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 42

gw, p U) c,tlteoff gl oir or or arflari oofi L_ 6@ p gt qg € o r o %r

zunldlori Oulgrb 6)ungeir 6:lrzuogt@dairp55Tt, @zu;ioeir
pnLqrrlr ungtan*q&ana pd$6rr qgpeur4o&n
o.rrrdrgd;ihpfrti. @oriosir @r.rr.r,+ gutnugyth qg€;of
cai al"or4 $,o4'Orn€ 6l-rrllgl#ororf . g(D g€6u.raiig
gp,pgtgt +n€ (Sagi - gairp,url ,gurtit Ougurnncmgoohor
p neunurb ) 6pn,ol sci;g FFL_ndur 6)un,ih&ur er9u_lrunrfl o oh
6upg1 p;fueu oer$uj: 6ugr$'hpori. $);fuolencr1 ogPa:
6)on@$gri zu;railgtb o-u-rf en$d; qg$o1o&ni* xfl,uno,it
un g1 arr 6 a nanmun 91tb, e@ p fi p gfiuL n rgla gt atan aseir
deor--6snmei: Guir;vpng1rb, punuflyth qg€6Drya6rf,6il
Abgrg g$soaaGor atqg&u9@ppron. g},,6gD6$ qdur
(gp"ofiooir orndl igo&ur86iaoir.
,..9,,rq pnr-@d; rgfisora'ggd'g
$p,s pni@ri ulgar
otbppno Soi:%r. €l,s(. db €),Eul1u @,ppgt ogG)
fr?rru
dairp;ur 6r.!19, pnar arafirgl4Gp;,il'. .gl.o6rh e,ny5wr
rono S,6 pnl-rgGzuGu, |gfl;ctr olaniiir-1 otanocnoh pourl
g:orp u9"-+ 6J p g & 6o nohenrl ur--n moil an s agr_iulr_rur.
qg$,otro%n @rirGo oorririugtLb o-lngr& ?aiLatgk
gprgu-rrrooil Gur E,ir psor. .9i6urar5(O94g $alpri,fl
66rrp.o .9arfl6l* Grn Scapuqin, Geugu 6|or $efia&,vqth
6')an@d;4'qgiaoir. ot6;oreofle-+ elrfl.#}eotrp po-oa Gzug1
pro,fuLwaoir 6dCgr u*9rfl--rjr u@arpai:%r:. CIp
pnirgei: r9pciqgd rg&drrc* 1gL_rgooflair s,roi:ooh
fieirje, aru9g 6ug3bgr6 .ggappeo:2ulnoa;rb dap
&orpcor. .rrut pnLryclr roeo&rorndlGu-r @ppfg
god;Su-lrii an y ewrth' 61 66r g rorr ri 6sG un Go"*n c.gUdq3i.'

I ronrf&,rGrrirGorn - ogl. crefu. oil. @qnaorah

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 43

- &. r9. u$airgouh<f,b ryDgafor+eb oruoi: ur.rgan3b

€a$, .gtrq goerue$rnooflrh pP6Dorri oreu9gl g2nngp$dw
qa$Gi,ufip E @r[ eunanflo6no6 grgGupgf '

oeonei;onor g&,otya?hr @,otitEm€ defupnt. Lt6p

6upp q!06ru66tb pdlAln qzuariioorneor Googri r.;o:o-rri,
on,flrb Sdtu 6O-O,b @eilqrn6i, Appp
rJcu*o.rri
eurioGon. aJfiuJuJrgt zugonirdru Fp&arfi otokonsb
$loilggrffei: Epppatt 6rd6rDt t -Etfl. rpart. $etrEt
@eirgneil Cgitupgt V56rg ueiroflarnu9ei:aoir ACOri'
&enpatr.'

q$bp pebwfr
6,rnpo:otig €igic6 e-6ir6rr gd,sp Fsslrit
- uoilrauu-t pncrflari 6lulgeorooru-rit uoorp xrfig'tfipgl.
@rirerf , glorzugaforr-rb arlr$$eb, uir&nu-rdr Gonieor--
,9dcg,rgi, Sg&6e pgii 6ee$grrb zug0u9ei: u$Ggqyargl
eoLnogoi: o-eirorgl. q,fl4.p pefugnri erehglrb 0uuLri
S€iie pei:gyri ereur rnqg#) aryrrugd'pgt,
@eirgrfltt Grnpgu ug$u9eb onanrrlru@rh ueofor
'Gror-rgoi: S. 19. 187696i, r---ncir--ri gn*.i erahuorri
glogiorn4n tu&A pt$$gt, a.r--iluir-- mmtor png0o&n
o&nqrb, gltbqt* c'@o&nqLb, Atgrbqd; alga9la&nu-1tb
er
oabr6r@3bpnri. 6*,i oafur6L-@3bp roafrrgng0aGor
(ggt rnci;eeh pnSadr 6rfir alpniairu@udDar. pffp
aoffeb erg2ltirr4$ a-@ogd GzuEu 6)ungeiraqgtit
Atgbp6*. r-nd;r--ri grari €,CIr,Dmp q@pge 6)eahgu
-' I @ofuonrda-rcii o8ruriaen@flu-rd - 6roofirr-r6 6.onCgd.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 44

6tpgfgsnu95b 6uria0air porppcir gtg .g,(gnir

arLfiut a $Sal i Museuml on$glsfrornf .

glarpu9orri @eilo9L-$org$ Gpnafnrg gg,ryrtilppoirt,

@4gnorp glOzucien:neofurt_ri erairruati qrvfu&E, i,u.
GrnpD6o'rafnlnri.

q I p p pei: garff air 4ya giro.rn 4n rir& dlugei: qqgugr$

grcig GnfiuLt- 6un19ohceh oafor6r-@ri;airur'leur,
Apb p goeopu9 ei: puL r fi & a&uLt pn S a n r'S,1glbuna: r eur
Gunri<ii o1ga9oeh, Ap$bo peinooeh, prfua pi;oto,adr,
App?bruild: Ocriu:rjlur'r- ggiienrgaoir gopo0trcn
cofrr6l@cSodur-r-eor.

gng$oofl ah o-oh Gor, .g,rfl$l (p,odOrr prcrfl l:r&catlor

o-r6leqd fppp greuufogrb AfOppar. pnpoofair
6(g,6g,n uqg$seh Appp Gar&urlun@aqgr-oh po$t
Earpsar. png0og6g gorgo@rb o-eirarcor.

qd,og pefugyr,i rnabrG'nr--@d;g o.l-ci;Ga g19

anrodu g r p 8$ 6 ar ay r u e rg fl e e1 crahgtd Ar-p€eil
rfu

udrDplJ sw t @@b p ppan ar c)to)t_uJ ncnnilooh o_ eiroror.

Gtarrfuaynu.ld; @0e.fl erairglrb A,-6dri: €,drDrr.DF
urolpur oerrflah rn6or.g4g @@orrr__no el€,c,op6bgt/rf
ACOp€tO6oa:nrb crahgu alggt 6,oor palr ri .

qfld.p peirgrrrfiei: cain6fr-@&oriur'r-- roerfiroru

g@oofidt ua: $4nogL-riooflair roafnnnu O@osir 6r56rDI
c.-g$atrpart.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 crorGor gf$p poi:gurrflair pnorfiotb, #lpglOotofl
lr9ldr Syne$u pnorflo;iiGpn@ glpgusornulanr--nrgir
dr ar gtb algg,tfian pat t.

goofir Oun6otpci eantru9oir pnerflorb r-6odcrjl

treiDp6ororuncdrgJ el.eoi,uolp 45€pp pei:gyfli e,6p
ar nu-ro9le$ oafur6r--@ ti;orl uir- 6lunqgeir aeft aXdopgl rilg
e- orrri$ p ar qgdcir por.

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 5, Srflpnp Guqgrt

lnrLfluqrb ef Pefluah
orn$o4b ,srp6qd rod;ogd;g eyPu@rug Guna:n
mn poriaqgiaqg6 opu@nrcorp 6'utr6ur gt o-anrf $gl6pg.
qogir 6tu!gp Sabbp 6anpoi.a,
919 anorppei: o-a:arjr
unafurrgulfloh p&upo4mnoa.1rb gro.pg:aL uLrgeormro
Apilqpp Oonpo, s gi*
o.1rb, @enalyflg&eo,c,usnoalrb
tifrgpgt, flappgt Efigryna nnfiut grya.rnr6aeurP P.6g
fiair roanpar p 6rr,g&glh. 'App,flbg arou-rndu GrontrorS
oonntiGe' 6r66rp up6rong0ti;Gopu, erdra enn:;i€gl,b
etppg Uairqtb Cgpp*rpp Agtt Gron4entigth ApAr
rna u,n|tafi 9,. "
Etrgyni-flnflfi AarPaa
Gonparo erfiGungt g1ptot Epioi-u @pppgt
G-rddrg1 efiutnoei a'p @rualoflei:&u. enfuo onoupgr{igdt
r-9airGar 6f onpo, eusl & ary eur lba p & t"- gth g f nqo sir

6ant-riieoglo$h.:. 8. A. u$pnk gilfi@ailr@ oJoT)[

6l o rdora ur airrg rufi eh gi4l u9cb I airdair
Cqppg,. gv p

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
Cpohgrg gair@4on26 Oonpouro Gcngrflah qi$l6
1gr'ur--r-g'1. Getrgtaeh uoilranr--& 61ptLl 1616o unatr
rgru pnr-eor- @rneynt unofurrgrupn@ o-roril 6uui
nnfiprh flxti:plopit Gunzu, u-lo.lorlgrb, Ganoreqgrh
er$lpp Oanporo croirgl6 pS8ua.'ly nrbfr, 'GenGgp
8y dl6Lo cgriGorS mr&oar6' erairpolgppntaetr-
@tiScnprioeh onzu;Spelupnair Oonglsoau9srh q6gr
gahpa9lir--g'r.

oln:?zuoeh #la; @r-dlooflei: cr6otrtrfu .glflpgl

s-6hGor rl'rgrb. dla: @L-nilooFloi: ouei: meuur&u;b €rr--+
ar1gt oeoru9ei: Get$gt.it or-puigp;ou-l Grnr-nd;igrb.
gryg@db or-tus, oorau9e819$g ogn:6 o9o6ti 6leet>a:
Gprfi@rh. 6troirhru9eb ar-eil gry?a:ooh 6)eu96iirL g2ntg
Genr-1sor--6g 6tcug .l1gdai: orpgl 6)enaitr+Obpar.
AohEl ot--ei: gryuugdrr9ldb Oon'glerb OonqlcronoS
66Dtr6lnur o0a:6)r* 6cahg 6)onafirr91g&Apgt-
"9i@
6)onpooeu9grb @peoauL pa$&€l Gp'i bpgt.
orGa;n4$pei: mournei: Grorgr-r- 8pg 6i,uflu-t oOuo$'
osir ellnilGo aryg praa (g+uJrrgl. @,ggrfu uneobrrgu-l
prr-@69 atpp 6 u u ei: o sir Geugr €Sronor g'firp
(6br;otp pnq* 6csta.: Garaiirrgu-rgl Gptppgt. 6anf
rloa$ gaprgood Oroeirot:p gntpgorpp onn:ji€du unafur
+wyrLfl pt-pflCg&Vrongoi:, g;o.riooh pth ugth 6u1g
p6rdo Py$eunp& 6afur@ o.lncnnu9trnroeb flalp,eoory
p@ei;oet Gont1cioour$dci: Oun19sir 6lrn: rr9i @ p golrp
(gotb erirglrb 61pfau Ega fgeSugqgriunrioeir.
GangEi oGen n 6)onpnnou9t&r o9$ed aw L u fi firi oar8euri
ur--nmeir, qa$ atrfu$p gr,ilrp(gak grt pgt Guna.rorpgh

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
p@ti;anme$ a9)r--r-orri. gr.o@6b OonpeooGuln@
6anq9,S o9&n-u-lnrgl: e$k'oii;afraooir gleop og[_@ ogo
4or. or--si: Oonqgerb Oanqgercnen L9r6r crrrrilAugt. I

d. r9l. upairgoairqgk grb<gaiyrq6b 6onp6o)o, giooplgoorlr I

I

uurgorub ereirglrb Eptitarlu tg1odlgltb 6gpgl agir__rgl. i

6)orpouroeoru €luJ6bpni@ei oo_:ruiloeir u5opuJ

anw%a& 41zu gafor@an gtaolpiq,amneci; Oonoofurr_eur.
L95fi q;irfurti anuaOglrb orluo,*oeh or/rgr pnil6)or.
d.r9- upahgoahlgu Elp(Baforr+6b onu_roi:ur_rgernrb
gt6op19orrn64 6anporou9ah @-Creri.pp pnalr Giufigt
o9L, r. upang:o,r6.5lLb glrfp16e6rr+6fu ,odlpop€pg
oJ(D6D6 p$p nrrt&aGunGarn .9l1or prb uruoo-urei; g6ttq
oofiei: go3$g.lcio&nit upfr 6r(g€ru Gungrtb Oonprano
rlowit upfi qG@ Gura9)ei:%r: (ppGung gro..rpgo.ru
Oulgourtnoou-l p gt bgegrg 6upEueir6ngJ. )

6Don66'rb uoa,tflw@ftq
6. $. upgolrontb gr,pgain+oir go.puggd5i)
(d.r9). 1 81O) rnnodriong5rl unafurrqu-r pnirq6fu gff gpg)
log,l,ff)f pwty& 6onoh&nu9iueir. elr,o.D(g goahanri
t$dbo0 g4yceoflatr ueor--$pga:zuah Ged; crnngl$oh
unrofirqu-l pnr--surr-# gr,opunrggair. @pp goeruo06
t-rsor.-pp%uor i o oh 6s ngra-rcugglrb q g,pgl, glpair 6laoi:
zupeutpri 6'tanoir&nr0r-@ti 6)eahpqD6o Gorofir@rb
6r fu Dt orgg,lGar n19d o-abr@. I'
I

t
brilt.ifiry$L8
go stu a66 rqg 6 g u r9p g n gtffi tr u tr sr p na.r tiori oofl r_rb
nrflwg. elr,o,@6tu 6.19, upgahonrb girp(gefir@ @p6i)

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
I up Gcngnd grllo1gatu@ olantr unairtyi"tit tmgru)trn'tt)
r ,,ita dp*- *bE"ip966'Pyin-- 6r9ll-@oqr_@S 6)potr.
, t{-
I
$fapeuGaldu ugp'riai: 4yanr--ti;
unoobrtg p{rLJratr
ozurb q@bpsurt. gr-iotit uei:Go:Eu
Slpgr'ioofld>
{ p* n, glXd-pc'Lr P'h G an pay nno'ti; 6on;ubr@ g-dl
bou-,psurt.' 6)po'-:'?ot', 6)pairon'9, -6an'pora (9pdtu
I
I
i
6pait
@unta8ar$ pt:sopg,yntrad; 6!ondr@ 4,ffiO'
I

an$lu unobrrgu-rah, FtO6fpefuGologrjr urafuttg.utfu'

I
Oonpmroi unobriqu-lah creor olpnilstlur--uanri' gGf
culut$Psb g;pgt unafurrgurloeh qainr--grtb
e-6?itr@'
pnuL&a' roairanri
g-,i*tit rrigrotr*-n rlfo,thrit Gunor:
p prrr
I'ggr*g n uuLb 5t, u oon$ g,r$lt'.o Oegup€ eu n ti "
$
p?aryarth
@ppA onou$$si: 6lonporo g6 f*m@t
-rhgu; siprieouu 6i,rbpgt. onzuipc$pnair
qo-,i,*g SsnLgtnrrsur t56p'r-prb' arrir9lu-r$alpu+br
,i*ta""g,*g$ Optit*r-8$pnar'6orppGsupar6' fiF
gn*-\u;rh gpg ef.Xyy;rn unafur+ur5ih (A't9' 1564-
TeOal Oonpooraug;b a.fpplgpgl, x&a orroup@ai; oafl
uywGapi'uL 565-r6--fu6ru Gureu SL#l fiaispndr'
g5:rfuEfimatil 4$fu,rb
6)poirunoforrg pnr--rqeir unlktrut'harrri CxoroflGn:
poor--r.)upp uneobrr+u-rri Sfd) d'r9. 1748 atay F-ofl
'utgt
eroirugt 6i,o,fiepg. d.t9. 1756-CI5b Spri;d$Sudi
orb6uofl ngtftttr, gflgi6po$Gar60u ugpio&nd; orsri
upf ei;6fonodrr--g. un€bnu:ti;onrri 68ruu9o81g$p unaisr
qulrioeir cdahpnria;h d€b,reqg$ prgbg ofh-r--cinri"
6)onpouroqrb gnildGalu-rri .lbr-1eid,gi uur-gl. 6r@d
StnttuJth Agbgt 6lonpooa 9fO grndrnronS
"gbp
o9lur--gl.
6or-4

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 G. ppano& 6bnPote
OJtWfip €r"ryfrah $airanpu'r
p&u crs.iror? I
t

6cr@c frcitgl $1gi6}p'ilG6u60 ronod' p€s

gC'obrrgdtrr.-rb orr--up€$, SgtsGIr b 4t
g' 4gli;ga&
-

;h"g; go efigrrvra& onr.4l pw&pgt' or--asa9

g,bEt prcr.g orrn$ ona:d frddPgt'

6dgrr p+ 6p96orsd, €pn airrry@gtT

6)on (Dcrb-
,o-gyri,r- t*g, 6tng-"ti'^ gopo8u:oro16 dnnr--d;
a*pr;l . gg orzuSinei: $ntuGa at-bwtr @gbWp
06 6rrri&rrpran' SBrynerfir-- Ororpoefiair
-;A qrru:;ip
Ogn&eornorr: onefu@6loldu'gxorriasir 6lonp
orcie ftpryfico qrnril&6 GvfuEt un: o-afirsrroo&nci;
6i'pnS@r%rt
o*-6{e*. Gran$emugdu
"y@?
getug pOpPerlrrolu AarenDu@$Pgn'

glfurzno^
6larporo&g €f19€6 erytiocn&u 516814 AbArt
c--rrr*git. 4)wfu 4Srnulrrp ondu@6lorsi:' efgil u5tDPItt

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 5l

Oar glooodoit gtg r-45S @ueir gurn, exnirGoprc& urelr+

artgo'rneiorllut.r--eor sr&A*h *
-,nJ pno-t"*-tit

t ft $ pn t .gl tiiotb-J) utr dr, 6lun air gau n or prcmutit)

(

erlngarorOstr *1bEt{tL4p$S$ 6ttrr6rircrar uncdn4.utt

pr 6nr u-lnfu aeh deor-Pg'reiroror'

OorEd€ole$ slttomfr €onefeir

6lanp.ooti cippngdgtir 41eioen8ru srdrCUb
elfr Gutdor Ourf,r; pa:iugdtq
@-pgf 6qgrb @mrGtr
fr6eAoo,. cltryffir p@6tfl6b glgl Gana0ab €ldDm$
;;*;. €,gr 6rar.pSGoreb gxrbrnah Gane0arngri'
imr-le ena:3bpei: exdiGono6laseb oelnordn9dr
@g$p@pw g1k, Stgt .onerrropGurnn
-cO-* SaD grtffi's'ir
,g;q 4ynirGo 6&ru 4pototi;ariur-ug crdrgtb
o*yrt a'-gflewPwri'

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
-=----_:' ---
52

' 6lon,pola,u?;Eggg AagSt3ag da.$wttr, 6tp@,g

fiag0rua;r aLL?tn g1pfi,g r96tr rogloorflug;i: ellra.6or_r+ail
etflgor,r. .gyarreir onar3ipob 66'tunpfiqgg0ei: 6)orrei:of
,+'erar@. Wtbgafi,
egi (!p86u ,g@pbp 8,gnr u;gpofl<Sg
g1g useL orol%u e_u9fd,u6gl' ggrl+@ah lrdrgt
Erlo&ufiany.o 6-gflpgt, oafurornnsd;qg o_ugrirluo0
ggt-+u: 6lorpfGoLp 6)cg8uah uarggrioofloi: cobronnd6
Gonu9ebo&nei ar--r9u9,qgrioa:rr-b. E;Siurra, .g,oroir
@orar4ega EfOpgt €bf$ &etilp 6)onproa;b gtffi)p
Gp6E€6i. aafrreourd)d; Gonu9oi: oirgrglqgciocfi 6o-@)rh.
etglGar 6l:---pp"Garsi: =g4rirroair Ganugsil orohp' a(EtgryJ
.8a:otd,ogJ. Oo--p$Goreil Gaggu-lah or' rgu_lpnei;, O6
Gcraiei: .OarppiGoteb Ganugoi:' *oo, -p,,ir*,
=91tbr-cair
uurglgci;ari a*@:ir

@riGungr €tpp €trbrogldgri 6OeqSrano pidroa'

ereirgt 6uu:f. 6',eg!u_lgsb a;anrrdloiur_r_ pniooa
creirgttb OungoFle$ e.?+$ut p,ilr'oo' crairglrb Ouu_li
orgp|'i, .9tgl 'Oaq4eoa prdretna' Erdrgr pnp$gcta.*
6.@6 o-rchoi,4b 6(D p glh 6)orpf Garsu gryrbrnojr Gar tgoi:
q-ddbrsDuu9db oeufuanordd; GorogGa.: 6rgr$ r'rporl,p
e.treir Gi,atfuApg. 4ryd;Gonu9eCIair gi1gGa utu s_6iD.D
6rorgoeh o_oirorcur. gaiJDp6b p6iro A.flu-l
fit
darr66.ogr. cr,o(g5b .g,uu(g.d g(D cnogjO
at-fiytyu ug,Swra @19,o,og, aroorugt Guglrb
e-gpu:n8pg.
&pruafr Ga,roieil
OorppGorei: .glrbrnah Gonrdgytiqg.Gp,i Gogrdeir,
Gonporet* 6lp@rrff6i, gqg orrdDSF Ggnir_3gpflsir, d|ar#

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 53

Gonuge$ o-merg5t. @r6noJ uig,po,t-$p @t*; Genu9a$air

= aa:rfieil Slei: oei:62l@oeir o-ehdnsur. gl,6Dor A6
GonugPar,' 4t1 d;ae n 2a ff *oltr(gDdit L-un f G on o9ob' cr ahgt
gfur-9@Aohpau. crerirqgglrb @uhgl et4 Gonu9er9oi:
meah a-qgo.re $?ar:u95b%D. amtiromflug;fi .o-gnr&$l?ou
rooopiiigg'lGuneu, Acit Ganu9o$eh *r,avJdr o-lgotti
SlPoqrh urffipbgt a9)it-gl Gurgr6. A"ttgr g(ir
Gonu9o0ei: s$t prusai o-lgatci 6l%uq;irorg. Od;
Ganugosoir oo-;.6)2r--@aeir 6orpcns<ou-r'n'g1Gyr pu-t
peb gffri' er ar ti; g @u rf r$61 ar 1o rgu-l p nL- lq 5ih
"-or,'unobr
p?a p ars n mr n gtal, rs ufletr Oeei:zuri A puq&rg & irn [ffitrmncb
oiornildrugt 6lanpo'ooGu: ernhupnei: Sdra:ngl
(.r,gtGyn pw .65irgllri orsor gt) a4ag:$pni Gung)lth"
6rdrgt aqggri4qgri, Gg. ertb. Garrcx,ppyt-b L96h&n.r

atdt of, nr gtb u air a til un t591 rb

6onploorau-?ei: @(, euolrelflrorth o-ehongt. 9rg,
Fcoryutnt @r-+ri arrtu$g GmGa; Blfi,tpgt \pApg.
Soir zuasreuFmrytb ua: Wp$sin6.osnne @rg$g'l alg$pgr
erdrgl ggynt o-ootrBdeur pfirtt. $Joiroiahofl 'ofpffir1
a4h, 6lcqgoro pnilan6 glrbro?anu1tb, qgpur-9@tb sl(D ugtb
urr&u @eirgyi gopu-rorricooir e.-Et6ig,taen. aryir
unusb oJ1g{.llrg ! '
garmJr-b g4yeloyth .gor.d$p pr@
eilpffi Eplg qw&r,troyrir gorpfip pr@
pr6Drrtb qorbpaircufrcil orciroff roy,ororr gn@
prgrporculrb Stggdufig pac.'trE$p pn@

' I unairrgu-ld dugorr'd-Ggg. ori. Geru,c'ppythrg6r?en

2 OOratoEr

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 €)r&6orruJrb roprlanqd 6er6sddrc Frdr
4;tr(g1f+ @anafrr_ ggr:oir g46eirr1frrqr.b ot*orto,
$&atuggth qnbfl*l.p OggaGpoe Ocqg$ pdmo
6cc!r ofl 6ol4f Goleilprri go6dr_no r fu qg&
Llfrr;lrh
Gonranr-orr$r gruair gochul__d Ap$$,ge6lh
prora)r+ @/4,furLut
g&a i
qsSir goeiiarcrdl eulriigo.rrg! dedlog)
r
oorodthpq qro, errlq.n @unfirrlr eircrpn@ .

Syre; @pe&rr,gtolry1l GpeaEl @egfln;op

6<ganr g,a @urpcnaftr_rah gt- 6s, i qcgri OufG6ri,
aUrltri olberdg paryfrg Oegfl&o
cfuGu-rrooir g4yc" @edtuqtb .Ounpoo, otmpr@.

@ri unr-a) Oorpeooanlrri @unfuia cranci qgp8,

r9@arorp lgtn ar G y ceubrGr_n6.

6inbgfits,rfr ebuo*jrr
SoL araheofl nrpgl&@ er flGr s-6hcn on&ungeb"
rrodRn$t $pfua,ryfieor e_golri 4l%u6urnc&rg @@riuoral
q66tpbgt
onarrriu@dpgt. .b6ir@l@ 6rs6nr
T$""nsi:
$tgpaayftcdr 4&D- oorsoaur@g p Gpnt_urb gArfeir,
@g,it$pgt.

gttror 6bfuu Eatairryat

@6 Qaluirtt*r
dGrtioriceir , Gyrniaeir, grlyn tgut, gattt, urir.llnrii
qfify uei:Garg prirgarri G)ugnircarniroofleb err.6gl
efuA$p arord*o 6tonsanc ggt 6at g *rr",il
ur y p 91 * Et&E p g. GtorrrDanou9 eor e,
fi Etf: ugfaern$
.elogirarnqnriltid Gmgr6)onatr@ qsDfl Fofur_ r-w a-dn

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 55

6ro6an 6larnfi4 6an'arq Gorafu@b. Sfupgt Gtryyrw

- cna0firlgSrbr-r-rgoth erfi orp*g6 qcnneb, 4peinorroti
orarpS$ gr&ro ql#lrunenyrds, g4pdr ugn6ug
I al{rsilu Fhala,gb o,oloa9d. Ffurat.i or'r_gorh
orddu.rir opra&odn-u' @cb.enor. ar'r_Ounrbrosflcir
orfnfin urqlcro*gdteSbt9d: 9lg €on' olu crqgriuri
u-@drmg.
4lg,Gurard Ocrprarourggr6 upqg ftpdmru
"glpair
F&""[email protected] a&r$c.r-& gcirgl 4rpnro6ori 6updr
garcfir@rn,

@uir"9)CO Ocnroi:otgg,rb Oan@rougah unr__doru_r

a4ry&ono3S $wn np$arogr_nroci: pfurg5r. t_ zueba.:or.

e' p,ng6 gryq6. @6irogl@ 6lcuei:o&na1rb ergoracrfloir

'Ocri,t4il cro a-Eu8un a prbqGo-rrroro!

sivagangai noolagam.murugan
 !t-::

6\b6ti Wdtuen

I The Pandian Kingdom .-Neelakanda Sastri.'

2 iJ,patrurd ta$ StO,LrnO 44sirarEl $6?pei:Go'ro8

orf5|)rgJ. r9l"+, r--nd;uri sneb$6lrueil
-
A Political and Genbral Histcry of Tirunelvelly'
oerngltb gdldeu gragair prfp,reiio;b: 6ltonp
Gluuri3bGgrri : r-ntiuri p. c@8agl; Guryndlrfroru:,
6tg.E AO"+O egdoll
3 unofrrrgulri o.lryourgl
-T.
V. egndlor u&tr-rry$pntr
1

4 uncinrgu-lf @uqgLarr-dl -J. M. Gennr,$pytkr-9Cr&r

5 Garpat '?anptoor
- 4rr, Srneo;iir.
6 6lrooefugof;fu 7 d]6rfi6ufl 8 ronfi3t€unGzur-
#1. creiu. a9l. Sryrrao.rain
-
9 ary&a"tia&u ror. €t. elr.t-t$ptiir

l0 p6be a&:uri om@dlurb

ll $etusunrfiu-reii o&ucioorqg$lutb - gltigretu lpdb "+-f

12 Journal of Tamil Studies-December 1972.

:{
.6F ''!:

sivagangai noolagam.murugan