A s e m in a r o n
AN AL Y S I S O F S L O P E S S TAB I L I T Y U S I N G F I N I T E E L E M E N T M E T H O D
SUBMITTED TO : PRESENTATION BY :
Mrs. BENAZEER SULTANA BHAGYASHREE ROUT
Ms. MONOSWI MANINI SAHOO REGD NO -2007106092
BRANCH – CIVIL ENGINEERING, (M.TECH)
SPECIALIZATION – GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
2nd SEMESTER
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
1. AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
GHATIKIA, BHUBANESWAR
C O N T ENT S
• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES
• LITERATUR REVIEW
• TYPES OF SLOPES
• TYPES OF SLOPE FAILURE
• FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
• FINITE SLOPE METHODS : ANALYSIS
o SEWDISH FLIP CIRCLE METHOD
o FRICTION CIRCLE METHOD
o TAYLOR’S STABILITY NUMBER METHOD
• ADONIS SOFTWARE
• METHODOLOGY
• GRAPHS OBTAINED
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
I N TR O D U C TI O N
• A slope is defined as a surface of which one end or side is at higher level than another; a rising or falling surface.
• An earth slope is an un supported, inclined surface of a soil mass. The failure of a mass of soil located beneath a
slope is called as slide.
• It involves a downward and outward movement of the entire mass of soil that participates in the failure.
• The failure of slopes takes place mainly due to, The action of gravitational forces, and Seepage forces within the
soil.
• Slope stability analysis is performed to assess the safe design of a human- made or natural slopes and the
equilibrium conditions. Slope is the resistance of inclined surface to failure by sliding or collapsing.
• The failure of a slope may lead to loss of life and property. Therefore, essential to check the stability of proposed
slopes. With the development of modern method of testing of soils and stability analysis, a safe and economical
design of slope is possible.
OBJECTIVES
• To study principles of finite element methods in slope stability analysis.
• To study the suitability of each method for particular soil type and slope condition with factor of safety.
• To suggest mathematical tools for slope stability analysis.
• Compare the findings from finite element analysis with previous research studies
LITE RATUR RE VIE W
AUTHOR SUMMARY
1. Carol Matthews and Zeena Farook, Arup; And Peter Helm (2014): They concluded that, as computers and their application evolve in geotechnical
analysis; it seems that we should be looking to more advanced ways to analyses
slope stability. This study has shown that there are significant opportunities in
using the more comprehensive finite element analysis. However, the traditional
Limit Equilibrium method remains able to produce accurate and reliable results.
The both have their advantage sand disadvantages with the choice of which
method to use depending on some of the considerations described below the
method the user selects should be based on the complexity of the problem to
be modeled. For example problems with complex geometries or that requires
analysis of seepage, consolidation and other coupled hydrological and mechanical
behavior.
2. Khaled Farah, Mounir Ltifi And Hedi Hassis (2015): In this paper, they were concluded the perturbation method and the spectral
stochastic finite element method (SSFEM) using random field theory are
presented. These methods are applied to analyze the stability of a homogeneous
slope assuming an elastic soil behavior. To overcome the absence of the analytical
solution of the mean and standard deviation of the factor of safety.
3. Bozana Bacicn (2014): In that paper they conclude a methodology of slope stability analysis and provide
an insight into the basic of landslides and their general terms. Natural process of
constant affected by change in relationship for shearing stress and resistance.
4. Reginald Hammah et, all (1999): “ A comparison of finite element slope stability analysis with conventional limit
equilibrium investigation” - As stated by Griffiths and Lane, , opinions that the FE
SSR may be complex overlook the fact that ‘slip circle’ analyses may produce
misleading results. As such we encourage geotechnical engineers to adopt the
SSR as an additional robust and powerful tool for designing and analyzing slopes.
It can help uncover important behavior that may otherwise go unnoticed.
TYPE OF SLOPE :
• Infinite Slopes-
The type of slope extending infinitely, or up to an extent whose boundaries are not well defined. For
this type of slope the soil properties for all identical depths below the surface are same.
• Finite slope-
The finite slopes are limited in extent. The slopes of embankments and earth dams are examples of finite slopes.
The slope length depends on the height of the dam or embankment. In recent years soil cement as a facing
material for earth fill dams has been found economical where suitable rip-rap is not available near the site. A
reasonably firm foundation is preferred so that deformation after placement of soil-cement is not significant;
however, no unusual design features need be incorporated into the embankment.
TY P E S O F SL O P E FA I L UR E S
Soil slope failures are generally of four types :
1. Translational Failure-
• Translation failure occurs in the case of infinite slopes and here the failure surface is parallel to the slope surface.
• This type of failure can be observed in slopes of layered materials or natural slope formations.
2. Rotational failure-
• In the case of rotational failure, the failure occurs by rotation along a slip surface and the shape thus obtained in slip surface is
curved. Failed surface moves outwards and downwards.
• Rotational failure may occur in three different ways :
1. Face failure or slope failure
2. Toe failure
3. Base failure
3.Wedge failure
• Wedge failure, also known as block failure or plane failure, generates a
failure plane that is inclined.
• Occurs when there are fissures, joints, or weak soil layers in slope, or
when a slope is made of two different materials.
4.Compound Failure
•A Compound failure is a combination of translational slide and rotational
slide.
•In this case, the slip surface is curved at two ends like rotational slip surface
and flat at central portion like in translational failure.
•The slip surface becomes flat whenever there is a hard soil layer at a
considerable depth from toe
Causes of Slope failure
• Erosion:
• Steady Seepage:
• Sudden Drawdown:
• Earthquakes:
• External Loading:
• Construction activities at the toe of the slope:
• Rainfall:
Definition of Key Terms
• Slip or failure zone: It is a thin zone of soil that reaches the critical state or residual state and results in
movement of the upper soil mass.
• Slip plane or failure plane or slip surface or failure surface: It is the surface of sliding.
• Sliding mass: It is the mass of soil within the slip plane and the ground surface.
• Slope angle : It is the angle of inclination of a slope to the horizontal.
• The slope angle is sometimes referred to as a ratio, for example, 2:1 (horizontal: vertical).
FINITE E LE ME NT ME THOD
• In finite analysis method based on computer performance has improved application of FE in geotechnical
analysis.
• In finite element method the critical surface is automatically find out by various software’s.
• The advantages of finite element method: In FE method is to for model slopes with a degree of very high
realism (complex geometry, sequence of loading, presence of material for reinforcement, action of water, and
laws of complex soil behavior) and also better visualizes the deformation of soil in place.
• It must have complete stress-strain model for so
F IN IT E S L O P E M E T H O D S
• Swedish slip circle method
• Friction circle method
• Taylor stability number
FINITE SLOPES: ANALYSIS
2. FRICTION CIRCLE METHOD :
• This method is based on total stress analysis ,in which shearing
angle of soil ϕ is used to analyse the stability of finite slope.
• In this method , the resultant reaction between the 2 portions of
soil mass on either side of slip plane is assumed to pass at an angle
of ϕ with normal to the slip plane and tangential to the smaller
concentric circle termed as friction circle having radius r sin ϕ.
3. TAYLOR’S STABILITY NUMBER METHOD :
• In this method, stability of slop is analysed with the help of Taylor’s stability number which is read from Taylor’s
chart on the basis of given values of C and ϕ.
• The unit weight of soil to be considered in Taylor’s stable number is as follows :
i. For dry soil, γ = γd
ii. For submerged slope, γ = γ'
iii. Saturated soil with effect of capillary, γ = γsat
iv. In case of sudden drawdown, γ = γ sat and
v. weighted friction angle is used to find stability number which is given as
ADONIS SOFTWARE
ADONIS is Free Finite Element Software for Geo-Engineers. The goal of the ADONIS development is to
improve the modeling and computational simulation in geotechnical engineering.
The objective of ADONIS is to eventually offer to engineers and teachers a service similar to that of
integrated commercial packages.
Main features :
1. An easy-to-use, CAD-style, graphical input window that allows user to create geometry quickly and
efficiently.
2. Powerful automatic mesh generators to generate triangular element.
3.Data entry via dialog boxes, accessed from menus, toolbars and command panel.
4.Element Types: constant strain triangle (3-noded triangle) and linear strain triangle (6-noded triangle).
MET HODOL OGY
1. Model creation in AutoCAD with given datas as shown in figure no. 6
Base width =30m, ht. of left side stratum=12m, ht. of right side stratum=18m, upper stratum width =10m, slope =2H: 1V
2.Then import the Dxf. File format which was done in AutoCAD to ADONIS
Software with unit setup.
3.Discrete the model with triangulation pattern.
4.Provide the material properties according to the Mohr-Coulomb pattern then apply
in the model.
5.Then we fixed the 3sides of the soil stratum.
6.Then the value of acceleration due to gravity was given 9.81m/s2 .
7. Then find out the factor of safety.
Graphs obtained-
Contour of X-displacement graphs
Contour of Y-displacement graphs
CONCLUSION
• This paper aims study of various finite element methods in slope stability analysis based
on significant works by numerous authors have been done with regards to stability of
slopes.
• From the above analysis we have conclude that various parameters and factor of safety
equations found by ADONIS SOFTWARE gives us better result and review. Some
mathematical tools are also suggested which can be used for analysis of slope in
particular condition .
REFERENCE
1. Arai, K., and Tagyo, K. (1985), “Determination of noncircular slip surface giving the minimum factor
of safety in slope stability analysis.” Soils and Foundations. Vol.25, No.1, pp.43-51.
2. Malkawi, A.I.H.,Hassan, W.F., and Sarma, S.K. (2001), “Global search method for locating general slip
surfaces using monte carlo techniques.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.
Vol.127, No.8, August, pp. 688-698
3. Greco, V.R. (1996), “Efficient Monte Carlo technique for locating critical slip surface.” Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering. Vol.122, No.7, July, pp. 517-525.
4. Kim, J., Salgado, R., Lee, J. (2002), “Stability analysis of complex soil slopes using limit analysis.”
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Vol.128, No.7, July, pp. 546-557.
5. Yamagami, T. and Ueta, Y. (1988), “Search noncircular slip surfaces by the Morgenstern- Price
method.” Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, pp. 1335-1340
6. All the graphs and models are collected from the softwares.
