Micromodem-2 User’s

Guide
Acoustic Communications Group

Version number: 1.2

1
Table of Contents
Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
New Features in the Micromodem-2........................................................................................................ 2
Hardware Improvement Highlights ...................................................................................................... 2
More Information ................................................................................................................................. 2
Upgrading from the Micromodem-1 ........................................................................................................ 3
Hardware Differences ........................................................................................................................... 3
Software Interface Differences ............................................................................................................. 3
Getting Started with Acoustic Communication ........................................................................................ 4
Modem Setup ....................................................................................................................................... 5
NMEA 0183 Sentences .......................................................................................................................... 6
NMEA Messages.................................................................................................................................... 6
Hardware Interface ..................................................................................................................................... 10
User Connections .................................................................................................................................... 11
Pinouts ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Mating Connectors.............................................................................................................................. 12
Electrical Specifications........................................................................................................................... 14
Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................................ 14
Operating Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 14
Software Interface ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Acoustic Communications Sentences ..................................................................................................... 16
CAACK – Acknowledgment of a transmitted packet ........................................................................... 16
CADRQ – Data request message, modem to host .............................................................................. 16
CARXD - Received binary message, modem to host ........................................................................... 17
CARXP – Incoming packet detected, modem to host ......................................................................... 17
CCTXD – Transmit binary data message, host to modem ................................................................... 17
CCTXP – Start of packet transmission, modem to host ...................................................................... 18
CCTXF – End of packet transmission, modem to host ........................................................................ 18
Sending Sweeps and Tones ................................................................................................................. 18

2
 Sending M-Sequences ......................................................................................................................... 19
Passthrough Messages........................................................................................................................ 19
NMEA API Level ....................................................................................................................................... 22
CCALQ.................................................................................................................................................. 22
CAALQ ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Acoustic Network Protocol Sentences .................................................................................................... 23
CCCYC – Network Cycle Initialization Command ................................................................................ 23
CACYC – Echo of Network Cycle Initialization command .................................................................... 23
Ping Sentences ........................................................................................................................................ 24
CCMPC – Mini-Packet Ping command, host to modem ...................................................................... 24
CAMPC – Echo of Ping command, modem to host ............................................................................. 24
CAMPA – A Ping has been received, modem to host ......................................................................... 24
CAMPR – Reply to Ping has been received, modem to host .............................................................. 25
CCRSP – Pinging with an FM sweep .................................................................................................... 25
CARSP – Response to FM sweep ping command ............................................................................... 25
Recording Raw Data ................................................................................................................................ 26
CCREC .................................................................................................................................................. 26
CARCI ................................................................................................................................................... 27
CAREP .................................................................................................................................................. 27
Example ............................................................................................................................................... 28
CACFT – Fathometer ping reply report ............................................................................................... 30
CACIR – Fathometer ping reply IRE capture ....................................................................................... 30
Sleep and Hibernate Sentences .............................................................................................................. 32
Hibernating ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Sleep.................................................................................................................................................... 37
External Hardware Line Control Sentences ............................................................................................ 39
CCEXL – External hardware control command, local modem only..................................................... 39
CCMEC - External hardware control command .................................................................................. 39
CAMEC – Echo of hardware control command, modem to host ........................................................ 40
CAMEA – Hardware control command received acoustically ............................................................ 41
CAMER – Hardware control command reply received ....................................................................... 41
Packets, Rates, Frames and Acknowledgement ................................................................................. 42

3
Flexible Data Protocol (FDP) ................................................................................................................... 44
CCTDP- transmit (downlink) data packet ............................................................................................ 44
CATDP - Response to CCTDP command .............................................................................................. 44
CARDP- Reception of a FDP downlink data packet. ............................................................................ 45
FDP Minipacket rates .......................................................................................................................... 46
User Mini-Packet Sentences ................................................................................................................... 48
CCMUC – User Mini-Packet command, host to modem ..................................................................... 48
CAMUC – Echo of user Mini-Packet, modem to host ......................................................................... 48
CAMUA – Mini-Packet received acoustically, modem to host ........................................................... 48
CAMUR – Reply to Mini-Packet received, modem to host ................................................................. 49
Navigation Sentences.............................................................................................................................. 50
CCPGT – Ping Generic transponder, host to modem .......................................................................... 50
CCPDT – Ping REMUS digital transponder, host to modem ................................................................ 51
CCPNT – Ping narrowband transponder, host to modem .................................................................. 52
SNTTA – Transponder travel times, modem to host........................................................................... 53
SNMFD – Nav matched filter information, modem to host................................................................ 53
Diagnostic and Information Sentences ................................................................................................... 54
CABBD – Dump of baseband data to serial port, modem to host ...................................................... 54
CCCFR -- Measure noise level at receiver, host to modem................................................................. 54
SNCFR -- Noise report, modem to host ............................................................................................... 55
CACST – Communication cycle receive statistics ................................................................................ 55
CAXST – Communication cycle transmit statistics .............................................................................. 58
CAMSG – Transaction message, modem to host ................................................................................ 58
CAREV – Software revision message, modem to host ........................................................................ 59
CADQF – Data quality factor information, modem to host ................................................................ 60
CASHF – Shift information, modem to host ........................................................................................ 60
CAMFD – Comms matched filter information, modem to host .......................................................... 60
CACLK – Time/Date message, modem to host ................................................................................... 61
CASNR – SNR statistics on the incoming PSK packet .......................................................................... 61
CADOP – Doppler speed message, modem to host ............................................................................ 62
CADBG – Low level debug message, modem to host ......................................................................... 62
BBD, Baseband data dump configuration parameter ......................................................................... 62

4
 SNNST .................................................................................................................................................. 64
Configuration Sentences ......................................................................................................................... 66
CCCFG – Set configuration parameter, host to modem ..................................................................... 66
CCCFQ – Query configuration parameter, host to modem ................................................................ 67
Selected Configuration Settings for detector lockouts ....................................................................... 84
Synchronous Navigation ......................................................................................................................... 85
Using and Setting the Clock .................................................................................................................... 86
CCTMS ................................................................................................................................................. 86
CATMS ................................................................................................................................................. 86
Examples ............................................................................................................................................. 87
CCTMQ ................................................................................................................................................ 87
CATMQ ................................................................................................................................................ 88
CATMG ................................................................................................................................................ 88
CCCLK – Set clock, host to modem...................................................................................................... 89
Firmware Update .................................................................................................................................... 91
UPMFW ............................................................................................................................................... 92
UPMFWA ............................................................................................................................................. 92
UPDAT ................................................................................................................................................. 93
UPDATA ............................................................................................................................................... 93
UPERR.................................................................................................................................................. 93
UPDONE .............................................................................................................................................. 94
pyAcomms Support ............................................................................................................................. 95
Acoustic NMEA command ...................................................................................................................... 96
CCACM ................................................................................................................................................ 96
CAACM ................................................................................................................................................ 96
CAACA ................................................................................................................................................. 97
CAACR ................................................................................................................................................. 97
USBL navigation ...................................................................................................................................... 98
USBL Navigation Configuration Parameters ....................................................................................... 99
CCXSB ................................................................................................................................................ 100
CAXSB ................................................................................................................................................ 101
CCRSB ................................................................................................................................................ 102

5
 CAUSB ............................................................................................................................................... 103
CAUIR ................................................................................................................................................ 103
CAUXY ............................................................................................................................................... 103
Error Messages ..................................................................................................................................... 104
CAERR – Error message, modem to host .......................................................................................... 104
ModemTMA .......................................................................................................................................... 105
pyAcomms Support Library................................................................................................................... 106
pyAcomms Installation Instructions: ................................................................................................ 106
pyAcomms Upgrade Instructions ...................................................................................................... 107
Applications............................................................................................................................................... 108
Long-term deployment with periodic wakeups and data logging ........................................................ 109
Initial Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 109
Wake the modem from hibernate .................................................................................................... 110
Set the time when the host wakes the modem ................................................................................ 110
Command the modem to hibernate (in the future) ......................................................................... 110
Retrieving Logged Data ..................................................................................................................... 111
Example Real-Time Modem Output ................................................................................................. 111
Docking an AUV using USBL navigation with precision timing ............................................................. 113
Navigation using a tracking ping ........................................................................................................... 116
CCPST Passthrough Message Examples ................................................................................................ 118
FATHOMETER Examples........................................................................................................................ 120
Depth sounder, no Iridium link ......................................................................................................... 120
References: ............................................................................................................................................... 128
Document Revision History: ..................................................................................................................... 128

Table 1: NMEA-0183 Talker IDs known by Micro-Modem ........................................................................... 6

Table 2: Micro-Modem NMEA Messages – Host to Modem ........................................................................ 6
Table 3: Micro-Modem NMEA Messages – Modem to Host ........................................................................ 7
Table 4: Quick-Reference Guide for Commonly Used Messages ................................................................. 9
Table 5: Rate Chart...................................................................................................................................... 42
Table 6: FDP minipackets ............................................................................................................................ 46
Table 7: FDP Miniframe sizes, in QPSK symbols ......................................................................................... 46
Table 8: FDP data packets ........................................................................................................................... 47

6
Table 9: Communications Packet Receive Statistics Message Fields .......................................................... 56
Table 10: Communications Packet Transmit Statistics Message Fields ...................................................... 58
Table 11: Routine Errors ............................................................................................................................. 59

7
Overview

1
New Features in the Micromodem-2
The Micromodem-2 offers many improvements to the Micromodem-1 while maintain the same form
factor and supporting existing applications. It is acoustically interoperable with Micromodem-1 systems.

Hardware Improvement Highlights

 Configuration settings are stored in non-volatile memory that requires no power. Therefore,
clock battery depletion will no longer result in loss of the modem configuration.
 The real-time clock battery is sized to operate for approximately 15 years (at room
temperature).
 The supply voltage range has been expanded: 3.5V to 33V.
 The power supply input protection has been significantly improved: absolute max of -36V to
+36V.
 The modem has two prioritized power supply inputs.
 The real-time clock is accurate to 2ppm.
 There are up to 14 reconfigurable GPIO pins available.
 GPIO pins can operate when driven from -6V to +6V.
 There are a total of 4 serial ports, including a RS485/422-capable port and a 3.3V serial port.
 The negative operating temperature range has been lowered to -40°C. (See the Temperature
section for more details.)
 Acoustic performance is improved.
 The processing capabilities of the modem have been substantially improved.

More Information
For a more detailed discussion of the development of the Micromodem-2, see Reference [3].

Note that several specifications of the Micromodem-2 have changed since this paper was published.
Use this manual when designing interoperable systems, and contact the Acoustic Communcations Group
with questions.

2
Upgrading from the Micromodem-1
The Micromodem-2 is designed to be largely backward-compatible with the Micromodem-1, both in
hardware and in the software interface.

Mechanically, the Micromodem-2 is the same size as the Micromodem-1 and includes the same
mounting hole configuration. See the assembly drawing for more details.

Hardware Differences
Some of the connectors used on the Micromodem-2 are different from those used on the Micromodem-
1. An adapter harness, WHOI Acomms Part 231024, may be used to connect a Micromodem-1 wiring
harness to a Micromodem-2. For more details on the Micromodem-2 connectors, see the assembly
drawing.

With current firmware, idle power consumption of the Micromodem-2 is higher than the Micromodem-
1 (approximately 500mW). This is expected to decrease with future software updates.

Software Interface Differences

1. The version number of Micromodem-2 firmware is in a different format: 1.23.12345X. If parsing
the version number (typically not necessary in user applications), each section of the version
number should be parsed as follows:

<16-bit unsigned integer>.<16-bit unsigned integer>.<32-bit unsigned integer><optional ASCII char>

2. $CCTXA is no longer supported

3. $CCCFR is not yet implemented
4. $CCEXL is no longer supported since its functionality is present in $CCMEC.
5. $CCMEC functionality is slightly different, see CCMEC for current functionality.
6. $CACST supports a version number, see (version 6) in Table 8 of the Software Interface Guide.
7. The following configuration parameters are no longer implemented:
a. EDR- same as ECD, end of cycle delay
b. NPT – Noise threshold for navigation, same as PTH
c. RSP – Receive signal power. Not yet implemented.
8. $CAXST supports a version number, see Table 9 in the Software Interface Guide
9. $CASNR, the input and output SNR fields are now reported to one decimal place as opposed to
none.
10. $CAMSE, Mean Squared Error in dB, is reported to one decimal place as opposed to none.

3
Getting Started with Acoustic Communication
Only a few commands are necessary to get started transmitting and receiving data via the acoustic modem. The
system may be polled (master-slave) for communication, but also supports random access. Active navigation
using the REMUS Digital Transponders is asynchronous, but can be coordinated centrally if desired using the
Cycle-Initialization command. While many messages are used to provide status, most of these can be turned off
if desired. The interface is designed to be NMEA compatible, and thus the interface commands and status
messages are all ASCII. Transfer of binary data is handled by hex-encoding it within an NMEA sentence. However,
all of the data that is actually transmitted acoustically is sent in compact binary form in fixed-length packets. A
short introduction to the interface is provided below. More detail is available in the sentence descriptions and
applications chapter.

Topside (or Central) Control: The computer controlling the master modem will use the Cycle Initialization
command, $CCCYC, to send or request data to or from other units in the network. Data received back from a
remote unit will be sent over the serial port in $CARXD (hex-encoded binary) messages, depending on which
has been enabled. Designation of the ‘Master’ is actually arbitrary, any modem can be told by the user to initiate
a transaction with the Cycle Initialization command.

Remote (or Slave) Units: A computer connected to any modem will receive notification that a Cycle Initialization
command has been received. The information that indicates the function of the current cycle is then provided
to the user in the $CACYC message. If there is incoming data, it is typically sent in $CARXD (hex-encoded binary)
messages. If the master is requesting data, the modem passes that request to the user with the $CADRQ (Data
Request) message. After the user provides the data to the modem it is transmitted back to the requestor.

Autonomous Networks: There is no requirement for a ‘Master’ in the network. At any time any member of the
network can make a transmission. Thus, while monitoring of the network and queries for sensor or status
information may come from a buoy or ship with a human in the loop, vehicles operating independently may
communicate among themselves as desired. For example, vehicles may be launched and the queried for status
at the start of a mission, then left to interact asynchronously. However, as message traffic grows, the probability
of one system interfering with the other increases. Use of the acknowledgement capability ensures delivery of
important packets. Often there is a clear flow of data, for example, vehicles performing initial surveys will pass
location data to other vehicles outfitted with different sensors. Then it makes sense for the survey vehicle to
initiate all transactions, and for the other vehicles to transmit only when told to. Important information (as
differentiated from state-of-health) should be transmitted with the acknowledgement bit set.

4
Modem Setup
Setting up a new Micro-Modem requires just a few steps to ensure that it is configured for the intended use.
The setup is done using the $CCCFG command. When this command is entered the modem will echo back the
value in the $CACFG message. The format of the command is:

$CCCFG,NNN,vv*CS

Where NNN is the parameter name, and vv is the value. Values can be queried using the $CCCFQ command,
which is

$CCCFQ,NNN

The modem echoes back the value of parameter NNN in the $CACFG message.
The basic steps to set up are as follows:
1. Set the unit number (SRC): $CCCFG,SRC,1
2. Set the Cycle-Init timeout time (CTO): $CCCFG,CTO,10
3. Set data output format flag as desired, for example: $CCCFG,RXD,1 to enable hex-encoded data
output.
Testing that the transmitter works simply requires sending a cycle-init command: $CCCYC,1,1,4,0,0,1
(transmit unit 1 to unit 4, rate 0, no ACK, one packet in the transaction). The modem will send the short cycle-
init packet, then request data from the user to transmit. If no data is provided it will generate an error message.
A test packet will be transmitted if the ASD parameter is set (Always Send Data).

5
NMEA 0183 Sentences
The following messages are used to interact with the Micro-Modem. Generally, the messages are NMEA 0183
sentences. Sentences begin with “$” followed by a 5 character talker and message identifier, then some number
of comma delimited data fields, a checksum field “*<8 bit HEX checksum>” and finally, the termination sequence
<CR><LF> (HEX 0D 0A). Different talker identifiers (the first two characters after the “$” in a talker sentence) are
used for the different acoustic tasks the modem can perform, as shown in the table below. Not all have been
implemented yet ($DF, $YX, and $XB).

Table 1: NMEA-0183 Talker IDs known by Micro-Modem

Talker ID Function Description
$CC Control Computer Host Computer connected to modem via serial
port
$CA Acoustic Communications Data and configuration for acoustic
communications
$SN LBL Navigation Data and configuration for LBL navigation
$GP, $PG GPS Receiver Messages from GPS receiver, only interpreted on
the auxiliary serial port when the GPS flag is
enabled. See the “GPS” configuration parameter.
$XB Transponder Beacon Data and control for acoustic transponder (Not
yet implemented)

NMEA Messages
The NMEA commands and messages supported by the modem are summarized in the following tables, which
are sorted alphabetically by message.

Table 2: Micro-Modem NMEA Messages – Host to Modem

Message Description Applications Page

$CCCFG User sets a modem parameter All 80

$CCCFQ User queries for current value of modem All Error!

parameter Bookmark
not
defined.

$CCCLK User sets real-time clock All 86

$CCCYC User commands network cycle All communication 23

$CCMEC User controls external hardware I/O lines All Error!

Bookmark

6
Message Description Applications Page
not
defined.

$CCMPC User commands active navigation cycle (ping) Active Navigation 24

$CCMSC User commands modem to sleep All 37

$CCMUC User sends User Mini-Packet Communication 48

$CCPDT User commands ping to REMUS digital Active Navigation 50

transponders.

$CCTXD User provides data hex-encoded data to Communication 17

transmit

Table 3: Micro-Modem NMEA Messages – Modem to Host

Message Description Applications Page

$CAACK Modem reports positive acknowledgement All 16
that a frame of data has been correctly
received by another unit.

$CACFG Modem reports NVRAM configuration All 5

parameter

$CACLK Modem reports current time (real-time clock) All 86

$CACYC Modem reports current synchronous network All communication 23

command

$CADBG Modem reports low-level debugging messages All 62

$CADOP Modem reports relative Doppler (m/sec) All Communication 61

$CADQF Modem reports decision quality factor for last All Communication 60
FSK packet

$CADRQ Modem requests data from the user. All Communication 16

$CAERR Modem reports an error All 104

$CAMFD Modem reports comms matched-filter detector All Communication 60

value

$CAMSA A sleep command was received acoustically All 38

7
Message Description Applications Page
$CAMSC Echo of sleep command All 37

$CAMSG Modem reports a system information message All Communication 58

such as a time-out when expecting a data reply.

$CAMSR An acoustic reply to a sleep command was All 38

received

$CAMUA Mini-Packet received acoustically Communication 48

$CAMUC Echo of User Mini-Packet command Communication 48

$CAMUR Reply to Mini-Packet received Communication 49

$CAREV Modem reports application name and revision All 59

number

$CARXD Modem reports received data in binary format All Communication 17

$CARXP Modem reports detection of start of packet All Communication 17

$CATXD Modem confirms receipt of data in CCTXD to All Communication Error!

transmit Bookmark
not
defined.

$CATXF Modem reports end of packet transmission All Communication 18

$CATXP Modem reports start of packet transmission All Communication 18

$SNMFD Modem reports nav matched-filter detector Navigation 53

value(s)

8
 Table 4: Quick-Reference Guide for Commonly Used Messages
$CACYC, Command Type, SRC, DEST, Packet Type, ACK Request Bit, Number of frames

$CADRQ, Time, SRC, DEST, ACK Request Bit, Max # Bytes Requested, Frame Counter

$CAERR, Time, Error Name, Error Number

$CAMSG, Message Type, Message Number

$CARXD, SRC, DEST, ACK bit, Frame Number, Hex encoded data message

$CATXD, SRC, DEST, ACK bit, # Bytes in CCTXD message

$CCCFG, Parameter Name, Setting

$CCCFQ, Parameter Name

$CCCYC – same as CACYC

$CCPDT, Group, Interrogation Channel, Synch Flag, Synch Timeout (ms) AF, BF, CF, DF

Where Group is typically 1 or 2, Interrogation Channel 1-4. Set xF to 1 to enable specific transponders

$CCTXD, SRC, DEST, ACK bit, Hex encoded data message

$SNTTA, Travel Time 1, Travel Time 2, Travel Time 3, Travel Time 4, System Time

9
Hardware Interface

Figure 1: Assembly Drawing of Micromodem-2 showing edge connector pinouts

10
User Connections

Pinouts
View looking into edge of modem:

J5 Signals
Pin # Type Signal Name

1 Power Ground Ground

2 Power Input Edge Power
3 Power Ground Ground
4 Power Input Edge Power
5 Power Ground Ground
6 Power Input Edge Power
J4 Signals
Pin # Type Signal Name

1 Ground Ground
2 Power Out Aux 3.3V Out
3 3.3V Serial Out COM3 TX
4 3.3V I2C Out I2C SDA
5 3.3V Serial In COM3 RX
6 3.3V I2C Bidirectional I2C SCL
7 3.3V Serial Out COM3 #RTS
8 Bidirectional GPIO GPIO1
9 3.3V Serial In COM3 #CTS

11
 10 Bidirectional GPIO GPIO2
11 Analog In (differential positive) Aux ADC +
12 Analog In (differential negative) Aux ADC -

J3 Signals
Pin # Type Signal Name
1 Signal Ground Ground
2 Signal Ground Ground
3 RS232 Out COM1 TX
4 RS232 Out COM2 TX
5 RS232 In COM1 RX
6 RS232 In COM2 RX
7 RS232 Out COM1 #RTS
8 RS232 Out / RS485 Out COM4 #RTS / TX+
(Input in RS485 half-duplex mode)
9 RS232 In COM1 #CTS
10 RS232 Out / RS485 Out COM4 TX / TX-
(Input in RS485 half-duplex mode)
11 Logic In (PPS) EXTPPS (rising edge is PPS)
12 RS232 In / RS485 In COM4 RX / RX+
13 Logic In EXTWAKE (active low)
14 RS232 In / RS485 In COM4 #CTS / RX-
15 Logic In TXTRIGGER (rising edge)
16 Signal Ground Ground

Mating Connectors
The connectors used on the edge of the modem are FCI Minitek 2mm headers. They are locking and
polarized to prevent misinsertion. They mate with FCI connector bodies and crimp contacts.

Preassembled Harnesses
WHOI builds an adapter harness for connecting Micromodem-2’s to Micromodem-1 wiring harnesses,
part 231024.

Crimp Contacts
Wire Size FCI Part Number Digi-Key Part Number Mouser Part Number
26 AWG to 30 AWG 77138-101LF 609-2653-1-ND 649-77138-101LF
22 AWG to 24 AWG 10044403-101LF 649-10044403-101LF

Connector Bodies
Note that these connector bodies have pin 1 indicators that DO NOT match the connector on the
modem. Please be careful to make sure that any wiring matches the pinouts illustrated above. (FCI
obsoleted the connector bodies with the “correct” pin 1 indicators.)

Mate for FCI Part Number Digi-Key Part Number Mouser Part Number

12
 J1 90311-014LF 609-2743-ND 649-90311-014LF
J3 90311-016LF 609-2798-ND 649-90311-016LF
J4 90311-012LF 609-2797-ND 649-90311-012LF
J5 90311-006LF 609-2777-ND 649-90311-006LF

Crimpers
In addition to the crimper below, Molex part 11-01-0204 (now obsolete) and Molex 63819-0100 (Digi-
Key WM9020-ND) have been successfully used. The Molex crimpers are preferred by several engineers
and technicians at WHOI.

FCI Part Number Digi-Key Part Number Mouser Part Number

HT-151 609-2508-ND 649-HT-151

13
Electrical Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed in this section may cause permanent damage to the modem. Do not
design to these specifications. Exposure to any absolute maximum rating for extended periods may
affect the reliability and lifetime of the modem.

Parameter Value
Edge Power Input Voltage -36V to +36V
Stack Power Input Voltage
Voltage on GPIO1, GPIO2, GPIO3, GPIO4, GPIO5, EXTPPS, -8V to +8V
TXTRIGGER, COM3 TX, COM3 RX, COM3 RTS, COM3 CTS, TXACTIVE,
RXACTIVE, TXINHIBIT
Voltage on EXTWAKE -3.6V to +12V
Voltage on COM1 RX, COM1 CTS, COM2 RX, COM4 RX/RX+, COM4 -25V to +25V
CTS/RX-
Voltage on COM4 TX/TX-, COM4 RTS/TX+ -13.2V to +9V
Voltage on COM1 TX, COM1 RTS, COM2 TX -13.2V to +13.2V
Voltage on Aux ADC -, Aux ADC + -24V to +24V
All voltages specified relative to ground.
These ratings are determined by design, and are not individually tested.

Operating Conditions
Parameter Conditions Min Typical Max Units
Input Supply Voltage (Vin) 3.6 33 V
Supply Current Vin ≤ 5V 1 A
Vin ≤ 12V 0.5 A
Vin ≤ 24V 0.25 A
Vin ≤ 33V 0.15 A
Hibernate Current Vin = 5V 31 40 µA
Vin = 12V 41 55 µA
Vin = 24V 47 65 µA
Voltage on any GPIO pin -6 6 V

14
Software Interface

15
Acoustic Communications Sentences
CAACK – Acknowledgment of a transmitted packet
Message from modem to host indicating that an acknowledgement was received for a previously transmitted
data frame.

$CAACK,SRC,DEST,Frame#,A*CS

SRC Source (unit designated as transmitter of the ack)

DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver of the ack)
Frame# Frame number
A ACK bit, always set to 1.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence), optional

Example: $CAACK,2,0,1,1

This ack was sent by node 2 to node 0 indicating that it successfully received frame one from the node 0. Node
0 can then remove the data corresponding to the successfully transacted frame from the queue or buffer.

CADRQ – Data request message, modem to host

This message is from modem to host requesting data to transmit. The host may reply to the modem with either
the CCTXA (ASCII data) or CCTXD (hex encoded binary data) messages. If the host does not respond within the
time set with the DTO parameter (default is 2 seconds), a timeout error message: $CAERR, DATA_TIMEOUT is
sent the serial port by the modem and no acoustic reply is transmitted back to the requester. The number of
bytes N is determined by the packet type (see CCCYC message for more information).

$CADRQ,HHMMSS,SRC,DEST,ACK,N,F#*CS

HHMMSS Time of Request

SRC Source (unit designated as transmitter)
DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver)
ACK ACK bit, 0 or 1.
N Max number of bytes requested by modem
F# Frame number
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CADRQ,134351,1,4,0,32,1

At time 13:43:51 the modem requests the host to provide up to 32 bytes of data to transmit to unit 4 for frame
number 1. The ACK flag is set to 0 in this request.

16
CARXD - Received binary message, modem to host
Received hex encoded binary data message from the modem to the host. This message is sent to the host when
good data (correct CRC) is received by the modem. This message can be enabled or disabled by sending
$CCCFG,RXD,x, where x is 1 to enable and 0 to disable. Default is enabled. When data is received but the CRC
does not check the message $CAMSG,BAD_CRC,2 is sent to the host.

$CARXD,SRC,DEST,ACK,F#,HH…HH*CS

SRC Source (unit designated as transmitter)

DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver)
ACK ACK bit set by transmitter, 0 or 1.
F# Frame number
HH Hex coded data bytes, 2 characters each, eg. 00-FF to
represent binary numbers from 0-256
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: CARXD,4,6,1,1,4379636c6520546573742046726f6d20536563757265435254*3D

The message ‘Cycle Test from SecureCRT’ has been received in frame number 1 of a message transmitted by
unit 4 to unit 6, and the ACK bit was set by the transmitter, and the RXD flag is set so that the modem provides
the data in hex-encoded form.

CARXP – Incoming packet detected, modem to host

The modem sends this message when it acoustically detects the start of a packet. It is sent before the full packet
is received. This message is only sent if the RXP configuration parameter is set to 1. By default, RXP is disabled
(0).

$CARXP,Type*CS

Type Incoming packet type: 0 if FSK, 1 if PSK.

*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CCRXP,0*444

CCTXD – Transmit binary data message, host to modem

Binary data message from host to modem for transmission. This message (or alternatively, CCTXA) is sent by the
host to the modem in response to the $CADRQ (data request) message. The number of bytes in this message
should be the same or less than the number of bytes that were requested by the modem using $CADRQ. The
user sets the ACK bit to 1 when an acknowledgement is desired for this packet. The source and destination
addresses should be the same as those in the data request message and are included for symmetry with the
CARXD message.

17
If ACK is requested on the packet being sent, the ACK field must be set on all TXD messages that supply data for
that packet.
Pre-loading a data frame: Both $CCTXD and $CCTXA can be used to pre-load a single 32-byte frame. The next
$CCCYC command will not issue a $CCDRQ but send the pre-loaded frame immediately at the rate requested
by the cycle init command. Trying to pre-load more than 1 32-byte frame will result in the 2nd frame being
dropped.

$CCTXD,SRC,DEST,A,HH…HH*CS

SRC Source (unit designated as transmitter)

DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver)
A ACK request bit set by transmitter, 0 or 1.
HH…HH Hex coded data bytes, 2 characters each, e.g. 00-FF.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

Example: $CCTXD,4,6,0,546573742046726f6d2042756f79*0F

The host provided the hex-encoded data destined for unit 6 from unit 4.

CCTXP – Start of packet transmission, modem to host

The modem sends this message when it begins acoustically transmitting a packet.

$CCTXP,#Bytes*CS

#Bytes Number of bytes in the packet

*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence), optional

Example: $CCTXP,4*46

CCTXF – End of packet transmission, modem to host

The modem sends this message when it has finished acoustically transmitting a packet.

$CCTXF,#Bytes*CS

#Bytes Number of bytes in the packet

*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence), optional

Example: $CCTXF,2*56

Sending Sweeps and Tones

The Micromodem can send FM sweeps and tones, using the CCSWP command. For example, to send
three sweeps, 1 second apart, starting at 22500 Hz, ending at 27500 Hz, which are 50 msec long, use:

18
$CCSWP,225000,275000,5000,500,3,10000

CCSWP
Send an FM sweep
$CCSWP,start_freqx10, stop_freqx10, bw_Hz, duration_msx10, nreps,
reptime_msx10*CS

start_freqx10 Start frequency, in Hzx10.

stop_freqx10 Stop frequency, in Hzx10.
bw_Hz Bandwidth, Hz, if sweep, must be abs(stop freq-start
freq).
duration_msx10 Duration of signal in milliseconds times 10.
nreps Number of repetitions of the signal
reptime_msx10 Time between successive reps, milliseconds times 10,
must be greater than the length of the signal. Ignored if
nreps = 0.

Sending M-Sequences
The Micromodem can send maximal-length sequences, using the CCMSQ command. The ‘cycles per
chip’ field in the command should be chosen so that the implied bandwidth
(carrier_Hz/cycles_per_chip) is an allowable modem bandwidth. For example, to send 3 repetitions of a
length 511 (k=9) M-sequence at a carrier of 700 Hz at 14 cycles per chip , use:
$CCMSQ,511,3,14,700

CCMSQ
Send a maximal-length sequence
$CCMSQ,seqlen_bits,nreps,cycles_per_chip,carrier_Hz*CS

seqlen_bits Sequence length, bits. Should be 2k-1, where k={4…16}

nreps number of repetitions, between 3 to 60.
cycles_per_chip carrier cycles per chip
carrier_Hz carrier, Hz

Passthrough Messages
A “passthrough” sentence, $CCPST, allows serial strings to be sent to devices connected to other serial
ports on the Micromodem-2. For example, a host computer on Micromodem-2 COM2 could send a
configuration sentence to a GPS connected to Micromodem-2 COM4. The passthrough sentence is

19
configurable to allow a variety of options. The passthrough sentence can include the standard NMEA-
style response, $CAPST…, or it can just include the user’s string without a $CAPST… preamble, and with
optional reformatting to generate a new NMEA sentence. See documentation and examples below.

CCPST
Pass a string from one Micromodem-2 serial port to other Micromodem-2 serial port(s), with optional
reformatting.
$CCPST,target_ports,strip_msg,prepend_dollar,append_cksum,append_CRLF,supplie
d_cksum,string*CS

target_ports 0-15, bit mask: bits 0,1,2,3 correspond to passing the

message through to COM1,2,3,4, respectively.
target_ports does not necessarily have to include
the originating port that sent the $CCPST command,
in which case no message is sent back to the
originating port.
strip_msg 0-1: if 0, pass through complete $CAPST string. If 1, strip
$CCPST,t,s,p,a,a, from message prior to passing it
through.
prepend_dollar 0-1: If strip_msg=1 and prepend_dollar=1, then the
passthrough message will be $string\r\n with the
$CAPST,t,s,p,a,a, stripped off and a dollar sign
pre-pended. Otherwise, if strip_msg=0, then
prepend_dollar must be 0.
append_cksum 0-1: If strip_msg=1 and prepend_dollar=1 and
append_cksum=1, then the passthrough message
will be $string*CS\r\n with the
$CAPST,t,s,p,a,a, stripped off, a dollar sign pre-
pended, and a checksum appended. Otherwise, if
strip_msg=0, or if (strip_msg=1 and
prepend_dollar=0) then append_cksum must be 0.
append_CRLF Set to 0 only.
[Future Implementation: 0-1: If strip_msg=1 and
prepend_dollar=0, then if append_CRLF=1, pass through
string\r\n . Otherwise, append_CRLF=0 and the
passthrough string is not further modified.]
supplied_cksum Empty, or two ASCII-hex chars: if supplied_cksum is not
the empty string, and append_cksum=1 (and hence
strip_msg=1 and prepend_dollar=1), then pass
through $string*CS\r\n where CS is the supplied
checksum. Otherwise, do not modify passthrough
string.
string The string to pass through to the target ports. Maximum
length is 125 characters.

20
 *CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.
The modem will pass through the response to the CCPST command to the target ports as described
below with the CAPST sentence.

CAPST
Response to CCPST passthrough command. Response is sent to each of the target_ports, not necessarily
including the originating port that sent the $CCPST command unless that port is explicitly included in
target_ports.

If strip_msg=0, response string includes $CAPST and the arguments:

$CAPST,target_ports,strip_msg,prpnd_dollar,appnd_cksm,supplied_cksm,string*CS

where fields are as described above in CCPST documention.

(For 2.0.18841 and earlier, append_CRLF is missing from $CAPST message.)

If strip_msg=1, then response string does NOT include $CAPST or the arguments, and only includes the
“string” argument itself, with optional NMEA-style reformatting:

If prepend_dollar=1 and append_cksum=0:

$string\r\n
If prepend_dollar=1 and append_cksum=1 and supplied_cksum is empty:
$string*CS\r\n [CS is calculated checksum]
If prepend_dollar=1 and append_cksum=1 and supplied_cksum not empty:
$string*CS\r\n [CS is supplied checksum]
If prepend_dollar=0 and append_CRLF=0:
string
If prepend_dollar=0 and append_CRLF=1:
[FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION] string\r\n

CCPST Passthrough Message Examples can be found in the Applications section.

21
NMEA API Level
The NMEA interface provides a version number, called the “NMEA API Level” below, which only changes
when the NMEA interface changes. Therefore, it doesn’t change with each firmware update, but only
when NMEA messages are changed or added. This version number is a single integer that monotonically
increases.

The host can use the NMEA API Level when developing systems that interface with the Micromodem
and can avoid parsing the firmware version number. The host software can query the NMEA API version
using the CCALQ command.

CCALQ
Request NMEA API Level and other information useful to application developers

$CCALQ,0*CS

0 Reserved. Must be 0.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.
The modem will respond to this command with the CAALQ message.

CAALQ
Response to NMEA API Level query

$CAALQ,app_name,nmea_api_level,reserved*CS

app_name Application currently running on the modem.

MODEM for a uModem2 running standard firmware
RECOVERY when the modem is in recovery mode
Other values may appear when using custom,
application-specific firmware
nmea_api_level NMEA API level (integer)
reserved Reserved field, currently blank.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

22
Acoustic Network Protocol Sentences
CCCYC – Network Cycle Initialization Command
This command starts a network cycle and is typically used by the network master, though any unit can originate
a transaction. This message sets up transactions as listed in the Network Protocol Command Table shown below.
Note that if the command is to transmit data, then the modem will send a message requesting the data to the
user ($CADRQ). The command may be used by any unit, but there is a risk of collision if multiple units
simultaneously start a network cycle. Thus it is typically used only by the Master, though remote units can use
this command to talk to others, including the Master. Normally this command is used by the Master to talk
directly with another unit, in which case it puts its own address in ADR2. However, this command allows the
Master to tell a unit to transmit to a different one, (i.e. unit 2 to talk to 3). In that case the transmitting unit is
ADR1 and the receiving unit is ADR2.

$CCCYC,CMD,ADR1,ADR2,Packet Type,ACK,Npkt*CS

CMD Deprecated. Use any number from 0-7 in this field.

ADR1 Address 1 - Unit or Group # (depends on command type)
ADR2 Address 2 – Unit or Group# (depends on command)
Packet Type Packet type, 0-6.

ACK Deprecated. Use either 0 or 1 in this field. To request

acknowledgment mini-packets, set the ACK bit in the
$CCTXD message.
Nframes Number of frames to send in packet , only used in serial
commands for downlink requests
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

All Cycle Initialization packets are mini-packets. For FH-FSK data packets, they are sent using Packet Type 0, FH-
FSK. For higher rates, the mini-packet modulation depends on the value of the MOD parameter. If MOD is 1, the
mini-packet is set using PSK modulation. Data packets are transmitted using the indicated type. The approximate
length of all data packet transmissions with maximum number of allowable frames is 3.5 seconds for bands 1, 2
and 3.

CACYC – Echo of Network Cycle Initialization command

This message is the echo back to the user of the CCCYC message. It provides a check for the user that the
command was received by the modem. The parameters of the echo are the same as the command.

23
Ping Sentences
The Ping command is used to check if a particular unit is within communication range, and to measure the travel
time to the unit. The Ping command is done using a mini-packet (just like the Cycle-Init command), so that it is
relatively short (less than 1 second long). The ping command is sent using FSK modulation or PSK modulation
based on the value of the NVRAM MOD parameter. A Ping transaction involves several NMEA sentences as
described below.

CCMPC – Mini-Packet Ping command, host to modem

To ping another unit the CCMPC command is used. The SRC is the originator of the command, the DEST
is the unit to be pinged.

$CCMPC,SRC,DEST*CS

SRC Source (unit designated as ping originator)

DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver of the ping)
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

CAMPC – Echo of Ping command, modem to host

When the modem sees a CCMPC command it responds back with a CAMPC message as a confirmation to the
user that the command is received.

$CAMPC,SRC,DEST*CS

SRC Source (unit designated as ping originator)

DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver of the ping)
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CAMPA – A Ping has been received, modem to host

When a ping is received at any unit, the CAMPA message is sent over the serial port to the user. The information
provides awareness of network activity. The SRC is the originator of the ping command, the DEST is the unit
being pinged. When the ping is received at DEST the modem automatically responds. Thus the CAMPA is simply
notification and no action is necessary by the user.

$CAMPA,SRC,DEST*CS

SRC Source (unit designated as transmitter)

DEST Destination (unit designated as receiver of the ping)
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

24
CAMPR – Reply to Ping has been received, modem to host
When the modem that transmits a ping command receives a response it computes the one-way travel time and
provides that information in the CAMPR message. Note that the SRC and DEST now reflect the fact that the unit
that was pinged is now transmitting. Thus, the value of DEST in this message will match SRC in the original
CCMPC command.

When the reply to a ping is received by other modems a CAMPR message is generated for the user. However,
these other units have no knowledge of the transmission time of the ping command, so there is no travel time
available. The travel time field is empty in this case.

$CAMPR,SRC,DEST,TRAVELTIME*CS

SRC Source (unit that responded to the ping)

DEST Destination (originator of the ping)
Travel Time One-way travel time (seconds) if available
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CCRSP – Pinging with an FM sweep

This command is used to send out an FM sweep without a packet.

$CCRSP,RXSIG,TXSIG,TIMEOUT*CS

RXSIG Deprecated. Set to 0.

TXSIG Signal type. 1 to transmit FM sweep for a FSK packet, 2 to
transmit FM sweep for a PSK packet, both in current band.
TIMEOUT Deprecated. Set to 0.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CARSP – Response to FM sweep ping command

Echo of the CCRSP command. For example, if the user issues the command

$CCRSP,0,1,0

The modem echoes the command before transmitting the sweep:

$CARSP,0,1,0*4E

25
Recording Raw Data
Using the $CCREC command, the modem can record up to 2.8Mbytes (1.4M words) of basebanded data.
In addition to the command, the rec configuration parameter shows the current state of the recording.

CCREC
Start recording raw passband or baseband data

$CCREC,start_time,rec_secs,chmask,passbandflag,mem_loc,print_format,bw_Hz,
reserved,serial_port*CS

start_time YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ: time in ISO 8601 Extended

format (including the “Z” time zone specifier), it
corresponds to the time when the modem will
start recording. This time must be in the future,
and can be at most 5 hours from the current
time.
2-18000: the modem will start recording after these
many seconds have elapsed, with the upper limit
corresponding to 5 hours.
-1: Stop any current recording. All other arguments
are ignored

rec_secs 0 Number of seconds to record. This cannot result in

more than 1.4M words of data being requested.
chmask 1-30 A bitmask of 5 bits, the least significant being the
onboard channel, and the other four being the
multichannel card. Either the onboard channel or the
multichannel source can be selected for recording, but
not both.
passbandflag 0-1 baseband vs. passband recording. Currently works
only for baseband
mem_loc Location where data is stored
0 External SDRAM, default
1 SD card, currently not operational
2 Flash, currently not operational
print_format Format of print messages
0 ASCII, not operational
1 Base 64, default
2 Base 252, not operational
bw_Hz 10-10000 Bandwidth of basebanded data, can be
different from modem’s current detector settings for a
limited set of values.

26
 ain_shift 0-12 Analog input left shift, used for data that may not
be full range for a 16-bit A2D.
serial_port 0-15 A bitmask of output ports to print recorded data
to, with 0 used for no printing.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded
(8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

The modem will respond to this command with a CAREC message with the start time field populated by
the actual start time in ISO 8601 Extended format, unless the command was sent to stop recording.

CARCI
Informational message issued at the start and stop of a recording

$CARCI,START*CS

$CARCI,STOP*CS

CAREP
Print out recorded data at the end of the recording interval, if the serial port field in the CCREC
command is non-zero. The data is chunked into messages, each of which is further composed of buffers
with unique shift and length. Each message is represented by a CAREP.

$CAREP,msgnum,nmsgs,nbufs,start_time,time_source,nchan,iscomplex,sample_rate,
buflength,shift,data*CS

msgnum Message number, starting from 1 up to a maximum of

nmsgs.

nmsgs Total number of messages in this recording

nbufs_per_msg The number of buffers in this message
start_time Time of the first sample in this message, in Unix
format with a subsecond field added.
time_source 5-bit field, with bits 1-3 defining the PPS source, and
bits 4-5 defining the real time clock source. See
CCTMQ for further information.
nchan Number of channels being recorded, set by bitmask
iscomplex Set to 1, if basebanded data
sample_rate The sample rate of the recording, in Hz
buflengths Buffer length, in 16-bit int, for each buffer in this
message, printed as base 64
shift The shift value of each buffer, printed as base 64

27
 data Total data in the buffers, printed as base 64. If
multichannel baseband data, then stored as r,i for
channel 1, r,i for channel 2 and so on for each buffer

Example
Set the modem to record 2 seconds after the receipt of the command for 10 seconds on all four
channels of the multichannel card at a baseband bandwidth of 100 Hz.

$CCREC,2,10,30,0,0,0,100,0,1

$CAREC,2014-04-12T08:10:51Z,2014-04-12T08:11:01Z,30,0,0,1,0,0,0*7C

$CARCI,START*36

$CAREV,081054,AUV,2.0.20147*17

$CAREV,081054,COPROC,0.30.0.56*4B

$CARCI,STOP*6E

$CAREV,081104,AUV,2.0.20147*13

$CAREV,081104,COPROC,0.30.0.56*4F

$CAREC,2014-04-12T08:11:08Z,2014-04-12T08:11:18Z,30,0,0,1,0,0,1*78

$CARCI,START*36

$CAREV,081114,AUV,2.0.20147*12

$CAREV,081114,COPROC,0.30.0.56*4E

$CARCI,STOP*6E

$CAREP,1,11,11,1397290267.899122,9,4,1,200,oACgAKAAoACgAKAAoACgAKAAoACgAK==,CwACAAMABA
AFAAYABwAHAAgABwAIAA==,AAAAAAAA///9/w4A/f+W/3oAUwCj/wYAXwDy/4//EgCYAPL/jv9MAGQAjP/
G/1wASwC7/+H/bgANAJD/8P9iAL//Zv9HAFMAov+s/1sAjQCj/wYAXwDy/4//EgCYAPL/jv9MAGQAjP/G/1wA
SwC7/+H/bgANAJD/8P9iAL//Zv9HAFMAov+s/1sAjQAAAAAA+P8CACQA7f+Q/6/74P8ZAGQAjP/G/1wASwC
7/+H/bgANAJD/8P9iAL//Zv9HAFMAov+s/1sAjQAAAAAA+P8CACQA7f+Q/6/74P8ZAAYA+f8BAAEA//8BAP//
//8BAP//8P9iAL//Zv9HAFMAov+s/1sAjQAAAAAA+P8CACQA7f+Q/6/74P8ZAAYA+f8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP
//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQC2/7r/cwBXAJP/6v8SANv//P8JAN3/DAAaAOv///89ABYAKwAvAOT/mf
9b//T/Mv8WAbv/nwCCAL3/wQA+//P/i/98/zoAJv/kAJ7/rgCeAN3/DAAaAOv///89ABYAKwAvAOT/mf9b//T/
Mv8WAbv/nwCCAL3/wQA+//P/i/98/zoAJv/kAJ7/rgCeAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////mf9b//T/Mv8WAb
v/nwCCAL3/wQA+//P/i/98/zoAJv/kAJ7/rgCeAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////w
EA//8+//P/i/98/zoAJv/kAJ7/rgCeAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAE
A//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAOH/CgFh/2sAd/+P/9H/DgB6/0oAb/+S/+L/Mv+WAIz/7wA6APT/xwA4/4gAKP/J/
4n/I/+HAD3/wABfAO3/rgCC/24Apf+k/+b/OP9rAIv/b/+S/+L/Mv+WAIz/7wA6APT/xwA4/4gAKP/J/4n/I/+HA
D3/wABfAO3/rgCC/24Apf+k/+b/OP9rAIv//////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////84/4gAKP/J/4n/I/+HAD3/wABfAO
3/rgCC/24Apf+k/+b/OP9rAIv//////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//+3/rgCC/24A
pf+k/+b/OP9rAIv//////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA

28
//8BAAEAwAA7AD4A1wBt/0AA6//b/6j/fwBg/6L/zP81/5cAtv+rADUACQC4AF7/nwBE/9X/9P9r/4EAmf+dAI
YA7//LADf/bgBm/7D/KABK/9IAoP9g/6L/zP81/5cAtv+rADUACQC4AF7/nwBE/9X/9P9r/4EAmf+dAIYA7//LA
Df/bgBm/7D/KABK/9IAoP//////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////17/nwBE/9X/9P9r/4EAmf+dAIYA7//LADf/bgBm
/7D/KABK/9IAoP//////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//7//LADf/bgBm/7D/KABK
/9IAoP//////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQ
CMAFkADQDFAHf/dgDx/8r/tP90ALH/sf/r/zn/sABj/6sATAANAN8AZP9wAET/rP/u/1f/hQBr/6cAZAAOALgAR
v9gAEX/x/8AAEL/lQBZ/7H/sf/r/zn/sABj/6sATAANAN8AZP9wAET/rP/u/1f/hQBr/6cAZAAOALgARv9gAEX/x/
8AAEL/lQBZ//////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////ZP9wAET/rP/u/1f/hQBr/6cAZAAOALgARv9gAEX/x/8AAEL/lQB
Z//////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8OALgARv9gAEX/x/8AAEL/lQBZ//////8
BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAOsAWwAnAM
UAM/9QAN3/5f9Z/y0APf9x/9P/Tf+/AMj/vQBTAPD/3QB1/28AZ/+Z/xUASf/EAG3/qgCdAMX/9gAy/2oAPf+J
/8v/G/+yAHX/Pf9x/9P/Tf+/AMj/vQBTAPD/3QB1/28AZ/+Z/xUASf/EAG3/qgCdAMX/9gAy/2oAPf+J/8v/G/+y
AHX//////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////91/28AZ/+Z/xUASf/EAG3/qgCdAMX/9gAy/2oAPf+J/8v/G/+yAHX//////
wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//8X/9gAy/2oAPf+J/8v/G/+yAHX//////wEA//8BA
AEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEAsgCTADMA5QCO/ycAv
v++/2z/VAAR/1L/EgAh/7kAhP/CAEEAFgDPAEX/pQBB/6z/sv9C/9AAd/+0AEAA+f+xADT/MwBV/4T/0v8p/58
Alv8R/1L/EgAh/7kAhP/CAEEAFgDPAEX/pQBB/6z/sv9C/9AAd/+0AEAA+f+xADT/MwBV/4T/0v8p/58Alv/////
/AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////0X/pQBB/6z/sv9C/9AAd/+0AEAA+f+xADT/MwBV/4T/0v8p/58Alv//////AQD//w
EAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//+f+xADT/MwBV/4T/0v8p/58Alv//////AQD//wEAAQD//
wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQCjAEQA8f/XAGv/NADE/2X/mQ
CY/78AOwAvANoAav+TAEf/uv+R/yv/jQBL/+YABABFAIsAd/+HAGH/8v+n/zn/aABE/9EAOQBfALwAhf+fAL8A
OwAvANoAav+TAEf/uv+R/yv/jQBL/+YABABFAIsAd/+HAGH/8v+n/zn/aABE/9EAOQBfALwAhf+fAP////8BAP/
/AQABAP//AQD/////jQBL/+YABABFAIsAd/+HAGH/8v+n/zn/aABE/9EAOQBfALwAhf+fAP////8BAP//AQABA
P//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//+n/zn/aABE/9EAOQBfALwAhf+fAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD
/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAD3/5/96/2P/QQCD/+r/dQAtAJ//5g
D9/4wA1ACZ/3kAJ/8eAIf/Sf9MACz/3ADv/4UAmADX/78ARv8hAHf/g/8aAC//CgHh/6QA2wCt/9gA5gD9/4w
A1ACZ/3kAJ/8eAIf/Sf9MACz/3ADv/4UAmADX/78ARv8hAHf/g/8aAC//CgHh/6QA2wCt/9gA/////wEA//8BA
AEA//8BAP////9MACz/3ADv/4UAmADX/78ARv8hAHf/g/8aAC//CgHh/6QA2wCt/9gA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8
BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//3f/g/8aAC//CgHh/6QA2wCt/9gA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8
BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEATf88ALr/Uf9RAF//xP9pAGr/YP9AACX/v
ACy/10AewDS/8wAa/80AHz/ef8yAEf/2gDN/4oAkABw/9EAMf8xAFf/SP9gADn/zQC1/28AewBAACX/vACy/1
0AewDS/8wAa/80AHz/ef8yAEf/2gDN/4oAkABw/9EAMf8xAFf/SP9gADn/zQC1/28AewD/////AQD//wEAAQ
D//wEA/////3z/ef8yAEf/2gDN/4oAkABw/9EAMf8xAFf/SP9gADn/zQC1/28AewD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA
/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//Mf8xAFf/SP9gADn/zQC1/28AewD/////AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wE
A//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//wEAAQAUAPIASP9ZAJn/cf9eAL7/c/+4/04AGf96A
MD/rAC/AN7/twBf/2EAkP+O/xUAM/95AI//dwBRABkA0ABU/20AYP+n/9f/J//BAHz/5ABuAE4AGf96AMD/r
AC/AN7/twBf/2EAkP+O/xUAM/95AI//dwBRABkA0ABU/20AYP+n/9f/J//BAHz/5ABuAP////8BAP//AQABAP/
/AQD/////kP+O/xUAM/95AI//dwBRABkA0ABU/20AYP+n/9f/J//BAHz/5ABuAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD///
//AQD//wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//9U/20AYP+n/9f/J//BAHz/5ABuAP////8BAP//AQABAP//AQD/////AQD//
wEAAQD//wEA/////wEA//8BAAEA//8BAP////8BAP//AQABAD==*64

$CAREP,2,11,11,1397290268.999129,9,4,1,200,…

29
CACFT – Fathometer ping reply report
Report a depth from a fathometer.active,1 ping.

$CACFT,start_time,lat_deg,lon_deg,AGN,RTTT_sec,peak_val,peak_shift_val_square
d*CS

start_time YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ: time in ISO 8601 Extended

format (including the “Z” time zone specifier), it
corresponds to the time when the modem
transmitted the outgoing ping
lat_deg. Latitude in degrees, if available, else set to -100.0
lon_deg. Longitude in dgrees, if available, else set to -200.0
AGN Gain setting
RTTT_sec Round trip travel time, seconds
peak_value Peak value of captured IRE buffer
peak_shift_val_squared shift compensation required for fixed-point peak value
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

CACIR – Fathometer ping reply IRE capture

Report impulse response from a fathometer.active,1 ping. There will be ‘nmsgs’ reported, each message
will report ‘nbufs’, each of length ‘buflen’.

$CACIR,msgnum,nmsgs,capture_start_time,nbufs,buflen,shift_val1,buf1_val,….
shift_valn,bufn_vals*CS

msgnum message number

nmsgs Total messages for this report
start_time YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ: time in ISO 8601 Extended
format (including the “Z” time zone specifier), it
corresponds to the start time of the first capture
buffer
nbufs Total number of buffers in this message
buflen length of each buffer, in samples
shift_val1 shift compensation required for this buffer’s samples
buf1_val Impulse response squared, in base64 or hex based on
configuration parameter.
shift_valn,bufn_vals shift values and IRE squared values for nbufs
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

30
31
Sleep and Hibernate Sentences
Hibernating
The modem can enter a low-power state during which it will not respond to acoustic or serial traffic.

The user can command the modem to enter hibernate either via a command, CCHIB, or via configuration
settings that enable automatic hibernation on a schedule.

The modem can wake from hibernate via the following:

Power-on reset (power to the modem is removed and reinstated)

Signal on EXTWAKE pin (the polarity of this signal can be changed via a hardware option, but for most
users the modem will wake when this signal is pulled low/to ground)

Signal on STACKWAKE pins – For the future expansion with highly integrated hardware. Please consult
the Acoustic Communications Group before using this functionality.

Real-time clock alarm – This can be set via user command and configuration parameters as described in
this section.

Hibernate Configuration Parameters

All parameters related to hibernating are controlled using parameters in the hibernate configuration
group.

hibernate.wake_interval Number of seconds between scheduled automatic wakeups. This is

typically used only if the modem must enter hibernate and wake
multiple times without host interaction.

0 (Default) Disable scheduled automatic wakeups

2 – 2419200 Number of seconds between automatic wakeup times. Maximum value
corresponds to 28 days between wakeups.

hibernate.wake_reference Reference time used as an offset for scheduled automatic wakeups.

Wakeup times are offset from this reference time by (signed) integer
multiples of the wake interval.

YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ Reference time in ISO 8601 Extended format. The time zone
specifier must be included and set to “Z”.
Default is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z

32
hibernate.hibernate_after Number of seconds modem remains on after boot before automatically
hibernating. This is typically used only if the modem must enter
hibernate and wake multiple times without host interaction.

0 (Default) Disable automatic hibernation

5 – 2419200 Number of seconds to remain on after modem boot. Maximum value
corresponds to 28 days before automatically entering hibernate.

CCHIB
Command modem to hibernate

$CCHIB,hibernate_time,wake_time*CS

hibernate_time 0: hibernate immediately. The modem will hibernate after

sending the response to this command.
YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ: time in ISO 8601 Extended format
(including the “Z” time zone specifier), it corresponds to
the time when the modem will hibernate. This time
must be in the future, and can be at most 28 days from
the current time. If the hibernate.hibernate_after
configuration parameter is set, the modem will pick the
earlier of the two times to hibernate.
2-2419200: the modem will enter hibernate after these many
seconds have elapsed, with the upper limit
corresponding to 28 days. If the hibernate.hibernate_after
configuration parameter is set, the modem will pick the
earlier of the two times to hibernate.
-1: Clear any hibernate time previously commanded by
$CCHIB. Does not clear scheduled hibernate times from
the hibernate.hibernate_after configuration parameter.

wake_time 0: Wake up on external trigger on the EXTWAKE or

STACKWAKE pins, or a power reset.
YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ: time in ISO 8601 Extended format
(including the “Z” time zone specifier), it corresponds to
the time when the modem will wake from hibernate.
This time can be at most 28 days from the current time
and must be at least 2 seconds after the hibernate_time, if
specified.
2-2419200: the modem will wake from hibernate after these
many seconds have elapsed, with the upper limit
corresponding to 28 days.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

33
After the CCHIB command is sent, the modem will reply with a CAHIB message that indicates when the
modem will hibernate and when it will wake.

CAHIB
Response to hibernate command

$CAHIB,hibernate_cause,hibernate_time,wake_cause,wake_time*CS

hibernate_cause 0 if the modem will be hibernating at hibernate_time

due to a value set by the user in the CCHIB
command
1 if the modem will be hibernating at hibernate_time
due to the value of the hibernate.hibernate_after
configuration parameter
2 if the modem will be hibernating at hibernate_time
due to a local serial $CCMSC command.
3 if the modem will be hibernating at hibernate_time
due to an acoustically received $CCMSC
command.
-1 if no hibernate time is set.
hibernate_time Date and time at which the modem will hibernate, in
ISO 8601 Extended format.
If the user specified 0 (hibernate immediately) as the
hibernate mode in the CCHIB command, this will
be the current time.
Field is blank if no hibernate time is set.
wake_cause 0 if the modem will wake at wake_time due to a value
set by the user in the CCHIB command
1 if the modem will wake at wake_time due to the value
of the hibernate.wake_interval and
hibnerate.wake_reference configuration
parameters
2 if the modem will wake at wake_time due to a local
serial $CCMSC command.
3 if the modem will wake at wake_time due to an
acoustically received $CCMSC command.
-1 if no wake time is set.
wake_time Date and time at which the modem will wake from
hibernate, in ISO 8601 Extended format.
If the modem will hibernate until an external signal
occurs, this field is blank.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

34
This message is sent in response to a CCHIB command, and also when hibernate or wake times change,
for example due to changing the hibernate configuration parameters or receiving a $CCMSC sleep
command.

CAHBR
Informational message issued before the modem goes into hibernation

$CAHBR,wake_time*CS

wake_time Date and time at which the modem will wake from
hibernate, in ISO 8601 Extended format.
If the modem will hibernate until an external signal
occurs, this field is blank.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message is sent just before the modem goes into hibernate. Thus, the CAHIB sentence serves as an
immediate acknowledgement of a change in hibernate or wake times, while the CAHBR sentence is an
informational message about the modem’s change of status before it shuts down.

pyAcomms Support
Hibernate is provided in pyAcomms via the start_hibernate method of the Micromodem class
(acomms.Micromodem.start_hibernate). For more information, see the pyAcomms documentation.

Hibernate Examples
In examples, messages in bold are commands sent from the host to the modem and messages not in bold
are messages sent from the modem to the host. CS is the NMEA message checksum.

Start hibernating immediately and wake only if an external signal occurs

This example assumes that the hibernate configuration parameters are set to their default values, and
that the current time is 2012-12-01T01:04:05Z.

$CCHIB,0,0

$CAHIB,0,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z,0,*CS

$CAHBR,*CS

The modem will hibernate immediately. However, other NMEA messages may be printed before the
modem hibernates and before the CAHBR is issued.

35
Start hibernating in 15 seconds and wake at 2012-12-01T06:00:00Z
This example assumes that the hibernate configuration parameters are set to their default values, and
that the current time is 2012-12-01T01:05:00Z.

$CCHIB,15,2012-12-01T06:00:00Z

$CAHIB,0,2012-12-01T01:05:15Z,0,2012-12-01T06:00:00Z*CS

After 15 seconds have passed and the modem is about to hibernate, it will issue the following message:

$CAHBR,2012-12-01T06:00:00Z*CS

CCRST
Reset command. The modem reboots from given location in flash memory. Power is not lost during a
reset. The syntax below is for firmware versions newer than 2.0.14791:

$CCRST,slot*CS

slot 0: Reset and reboot into recovery firmware.

1,2: Reset and reboot into user-programmable
firmware slot 1 or 2, respectively.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

The reset command can be used to set the modem into a known boot state. It can also be used while
programming new firmware onto flash. In this case, the user will issue $CCRST,0 to reboot into the
recovery slot. After programming new firmware onto flash, $CCRST,1 or $CCRST,2 will reboot the
modem into the firmware in slot 1 or 2, respectively.

Subsequent reboots and power-cycles of the modem will boot into the last slot successfully booted with
the CCRST command.

See Firmware Update section for more details on updating firmware.

(Deprecated syntax: For firmware versions older than 2.0.14774, $CCRST,1 will reboot into the recovery
firmware, and $CCRST,0 will reboot into the most recently programmed user firmware slot.)

36
Sleep
The Sleep command is used to power down a modem for up to one day in coarsely quantized increments. This
may be done locally, or via acoustic control. When done acoustically the command is sent using a mini packet.
A sleep transaction involves several NMEA sentences as described below. The power draw of a modem in its off
state is several milli-watts as opposed to almost 200 mW typically. (Users should only use the Sleep commands
when the command must be sent remotely; otherwise the Hibernate commands are recommended.)

CCMSC – Sleep command, host to modem

The local or remote sleep command is CCMSC. The SRC is the originator of the command, the DEST is the unit
to be put to sleep. If SRC is the same as DEST then there is no acoustic transmission and the local modem
acknowledges the command and then goes to sleep.

An argument within the sleep command is used to specify a time to sleep. Three modes are available. The
argument -1 indicates sleep until hardware wakeup (power cycle or hardware line EXTWAKE pulled high). 0
indicates sleep for 0 seconds which simply forces a hard reboot. Arguments larger than 0 and less than or equal
to 1524 indicate the number of minutes to sleep before waking up, rounded down to the nearest multiple of 6
minutes. The exception is that values from 1 to 6 are rounded up to 6, and thus the shortest sleep interval is 6
minutes. 1524 minutes corresponds to 25 hours and 24 minutes. Out of range values cause NMEA range error
messages.

The sleep command is available in both FSK and PSK modulation schemes, based on the value of the MOD
parameter.

$CCMSC,SRC,DEST,ARG*CS

SRC Source (unit giving the command)

DEST Destination (unit to sleep)
-1: Sleep until hardware wakeup via EXTWAKE.
0: Sleep for 0 seconds (force reboot).
ARG
1-1524: Sleep for ARG minutes with quantization as
described above.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

CAMSC – Echo of Sleep command, modem to host

When the modem sees a CCMPC command it responds back with a CAMPC message as a confirmation to the
user that the command was received. If SRC is the same as DEST the modem then goes to sleep and the acoustic
messages, CAMSA and CAMSR are not used. If the sleep command is destined for a remote unit the originating
host should wait for and expect a CAMSR message as confirmation. The arguments and format of the echo are
the same as for the command except that the modem always appends the checksum to the message where for
input it is optional.

37
CAMSA – A Sleep was received acoustically, modem to host
When any modem receives a mini-packet with the sleep command it informs the local host whether or not the
command is for it. This allows the local host to observe control activity in the channel. The arguments of the
CAMSA are the same as in the CCMSC and CAMSC messages.

CAMSR – A Sleep reply was received, modem to host

A modem that receives a sleep command destined for it will respond with a reply message as confirmation
before it goes to sleep. That reply message is provided to the user via the CAMSR message. As with the ping
reply message, SRC indicates the SRC of the replying unit, i.e. the unit going to sleep, and the DEST is the unit
that commanded the sleep.

$CAMSR,SRC,DEST,ARG*CS

SRC Source (unit confirming the command)

DEST Destination (unit that originated the command)
An argument, -1 means sleep until hardware wakeup. 0
ARG
means sleep for 0 seconds which simply causes a reboot.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

38
External Hardware Line Control Sentences
The external hardware line control command is used to read or write several hardware output lines on the
modem. This may be done locally, or via acoustic control. When done acoustically the command is sent using a
mini packet. This transaction involves several NMEA sentences as described below. When using this line to
control a burn wire or other high-current device it should be opto-isolated and buffered. Even if it is not used in
this way it is suggested that the line be opto-isolated.

CCEXL – External hardware control command, local modem

only
Use this command to set the hardware I/O lines on a local modem. The argument to the hardware control
command is used to specify which lines are to be manipulated and how. The default state of the output lines is
0 volts upon power up. If the modem does a hard reboot the lines are also cleared to the default state.

$CCEXL,MODE*CS

MODE Two hex characters (8 bits total) controlling hardware

lines. Currently the bits that are assigned are:
Bit 0: Toggle EXTSEL1, 0 for low, 1 for high
Bit 1: Toggle EXTSEL2, 0 for low, 1 for high
Bit 6: Toggle GPO, 0 for low, 1 for high

For example, to set the external select line 1 (EXTSEL1) high, use:

$CCEXL,01

CCMEC - External hardware control command

Use this command to set and read the hardware I/O lines on a local or remote modem.

$CCMEC,source,dest,line,mode,arg*CS

source Address of unit issuing the command

dest ID of unit whose lines are being toggled. This can be the
same as source if controlling the local modem.
line Arg MM-1 MM-2 Pin MM-
2
1 EXTSEL1 Not None
implemented
2 EXTSEL2 GPIO4 J1.7
3 GPIO GPIO3 J1.2
4 reserved GPIO5 J1.8
5 reserved GPIO1 J4.8

39
 6 reserved GPIO2 J4.10
7 COM1 Not None
implemented
8 COM2 Not None
implemented
mode 0 Read Line
1 Set Value
2 Toggle high
3 Toggle low
arg Depending on mode, this has different values:
If Mode is 0, this must be 0.
If Mode is 1, then this is:
 0 for Off
 1 for On.
If Mode is 2 or 3, this is an integer argument for toggle
time duration:
 0 - 1 ms
 1 - 0.5 sec
 2 - 1 sec
 3 - 2 sec
 4 - 6 sec
 5 - 10 sec
 6 - 20 sec
 7 - 30 sec
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

The source is the originator of the command and the DEST is the unit whose hardware lines are to be
controlled. If Source is the same as DEST then there is no acoustic transmission and the local modem
acknowledges the command and performs the requested operation. Arguments to the hardware control
command are used to specify which lines are to be manipulated and how. At present four modes are
available, read, set, toggle high and toggle low. The default state of the output lines is 0 volts for lines
upon power up. If the modem does a hard reboot the lines are also cleared to the default state.

CAMEC – Echo of hardware control command, modem to host

When the modem sees a CCMEC command it responds back with a CAMEC message as a confirmation to the
user that the command was received. If SRC is the same as DEST the modem then acts on the command locally
and the acoustic messages, CAMEA and CAMER are not used. If the command is destined for a remote unit the
originating host should wait for and expect a CAMER message as confirmation.

40
CAMEA – Hardware control command received acoustically
When any modem receives a mini-packet with the hardware control command it informs the local host whether
or not the command is for it. This allows the local host to observe control activity in the channel. If the DEST in
the command is the same as the local address the action indicated in the command is performed.

CAMER – Hardware control command reply received

A modem that receives a hardware control command destined for it will respond with a reply message as
confirmation. That reply message is provided to the user via the CAMER message. As with the ping reply
message, SRC indicates the SRC of the replying unit, i.e. the unit taking the action, and the DEST is the unit that
commanded it. If a read command was given, then the ARG is the state of the line on the modem. The arguments
for LINE and MODE are the same as in the CCMEC message.

$CAMER,SRC,DEST,LINE,MODE,ARG*CS

(See description of SRC, DEST, LINE, MODE, ARG for $CCMEC above.)

41
Packets, Rates, Frames and Acknowledgement
As with many communications systems, all data transmitted by the Micro-Modem is broken up into packets.
Depending upon the data rate, there may be more than one frame of data within a packet. The current version
of the Micro-Modem software supports multiple transmit and receive rates. The high rates contain multiple
frames. The integrity of each frame is protected with a cyclic-redundancy check (CRC). The FSK packet contains
one 32 byte frame. At the lowest-rate PSK data rate there are three 32-byte frames per packet. The highest
current PSK rate has eight 256-byte frames per packet. The data rates and packet formats are listed below.

Table 5: Rate Chart

Rate ECC,Modulation Type Bytes Per Maximum Maximum Packet Payload
Frame Frames bytes per (bps) at 5000
packet Hz bandwidth
0 Conv(2,1,9),FH-FSK 32 1 32 80
1 BCH (128:8),QPSK 64 3 192 498
2 DSSS-15,QPSK 64 3 192 520
3 DSS-7,QPSK 256 2 512 1223
4 BCH(64:10), QPSK 256 2 512 1301
5 Hamming(14:9),QPSK 256 8 2048 5388
6 DSS-15,QPSK 32 6 192 490

Rates number 1, 4, and 5 use block codes, which perform better than the DSSS spreading/convolutional codes
(rates 2, 3, and 6) for the typical case of single-user access to the channel. Unless you have a specific backward-
compatibility requirement, we recommend that you use rates 1, 4, and 5. Rate 6 is provided to allow PSK
support for legacy 32-byte frames.

Acknowledgement that packets have been delivered without error is provided to the sender when the sender
sets the ACK bit in a transmit data message. Then the modem sets the ACK bit high in the acoustic transmission,
which prompts the receiving modem to reply with an ACK message acoustically. When the acoustic ACK is
received at the modem that originally sent the data it sends a message out the serial port to the user to indicate
successful receipt. Note that automatic re-transmissions are not done by the modem; it is left to the user to
decide if the data is to be re-transmitted, or if new data is to be generated.

Downlink Transaction without Acknowledgement

A downlink is a data transmission originated by the host computer controlling the modem. The sequence of
events for a downlink transaction without acknowledgement is as follows:

1. The host sends a CCCYC command to the specifying the data rate.
2. If using data rate 0 (FH-FSK), the transmitting modem then acoustically transmits the short
Cycle-Init command packet. All other modems that receive the Cycle-Init command packet will
report it to their hosts using the CACYC message. (If using PSK rates, the transmitting modem
does not transmit an explicit Cycle-Init command packet.)
3. The transmitting modem then queries its host with the CADRQ message for the data to be
transmitted and then the modem acoustically transmits the data packet.

42
 4. At the remote modem the data packet is received and if decoded correctly (CRC checks), the
data frames are sent to the user, one frame per CARXD message. All modems that decode the
data correctly provide the data to their host.
5. For PSK data packets, the Cycle-Init fields are incorporated into the data packet header, thus
obviating the need to send an explicit Cycle-Init acoustic packet. An NMEA $CACYC message is
still reported, however.

Uplink Transaction with Acknowledgement

An uplink is a poll for data from another modem. The sequence of events for an uplink transaction with
acknowledgement is as follows:

1. The user sends a Cycle-Init (CCCYC) command to the modem with the source ID, receiver ID
(itself), packet type, and other parameters.
2. The modem transmits the Cycle-Init packet. The data rate indicated in the Cycle-Init sets the
data rate and thus the size of the expected response.
3. When the Cycle-Init command is received by the polled modem it sends the Cycle Init message
to its host, then requests data to transmit, making one request for each frame of data using the
data request (CADRQ) command. If the polled unit would like an acknowledgement for a
particular packet, it sets the ACK bit in the $CCTXD data response message.
4. The requesting modem receives the data packet from the polled unit and sends the data frames
to the polling user, each in a CARXD message. If any of the frames have the ACK bit set, the
polling modem then transmits a short packet with the acknowledgement bits for that packet
back to the polled modem.
5. At the polled modem the acknowledgement(s) of receipt by the polling unit are sent to the user
with the CAACK message.

43
Flexible Data Protocol (FDP)
The Micromodem-2, in addition to providing the standard Micromodem-1 data and mini packets, also
implements a new communications protocol, the Flexible Data Protocol. This protocol is fully backwards
compatible with the Micromodem I standard, but allows greater flexibility and ease of use.

CCTDP- transmit (downlink) data packet

Send up to ‘maximum’ number of bytes at the user defined rate. If the data bytes specified are 100 or
less, and the rate chosen is compatible with a minipacket rate, a FDP minipacket is sent, else a full FDP
data packet is sent.

$CCTDP,dest,rate,ack,base64,hexdata*CS

dest ID of the destination

rate The data rate corresponding to bits per second
ack Currently set to 0. In future, 1 if an acknowledgement is
requested
base64 1 for base64 encoded data, 0 for hex encoded data
data The data to be sent, in hexadecimal or base64 format,
not to exceed the maximum for the rate specified
(see rate chart). Future feature: if this field is empty,
the modem will first look at the data queue, if that is
empty, the modem will issue a data request
(CAFDQ).
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

The modem will respond to this command with the CATDP message,followed by CATXP and CATXF, if they
are set. The modem breaks up the data into frames, each protected by a CRC. The response to the
$CCTDP command reports the number of bytes in each mini frame of the packet along with the number
of bytes in each data frame. Note the nbytes fields within mini or data frames are separated by a
semicolon delimiter.

CATDP - Response to CCTDP command

$CATDP,errflag,uniqueID,dest,rate,ack,base64,nbytesmf1;nbytesmf2;…,nbytesdf1;
nbytesdf2;…,checksum*CS

errflag Error flag, 0 no error, packet is queued;

1 error, packet is dropped
uniqueID Packet ID for transmit queue (future
implemetation,currently set to 0)
dest ID of the destination

44
 rate The data rate corresponding to bits per second
ack 1 if an acknowledgement is requested
base64 1 for base64 encoded data, 0 for hex encoded data
nbytesmf1;nbytesmf2… Number of bytes of data in each mini frame up to 8 mini
frames, blank if there are no miniframes.
nbytesdf1;nbytesdf2… Number of bytes of data in each data frame up to 16 data
frames, blank if there are no data frames.
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

A modem, on receiving a FDP data packet, will print out a CARDP message along with the standard set of
detection and packet statistics messages followed by the appropriate response to the packet received.
The RDP message takes the place of the CACYC and the CARXD messages. The data bytes are printed in
hexadecimal or base64 notation based on the value of the recv.base64 config parameter.

CARDP- Reception of a FDP downlink data packet.

$CARDP,src,dest,rate,ack,reserved,crccheck1;nbytes1;mf1;…crccheckn;nbtyesn;mf
n,crccheck1;nbytesn;df1;…crccheckn;nbytesn;dfn*CS

src ID of the originating modem

dest ID of the destination modem
rate The data rate corresponding to bits per second
ack 1 if an acknowledgement is requested
reserved Reserved
crccheck1; CRC check on mini frame, 1 if passed, 0 if failed,
nbytes1; Number of bytes in mini frame
mf1;… Mini frame bytes in hexadecimal or base 64
notation, if CRC check passed, blank if not.
crccheck1; CRC check on data frame, 1 if passed, 0 if failed,
nbytes1; Number of bytes in data frame
df1;… Data frame bytes in hexadecimal or base64
notation, if CRC check passed, blank if not.
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

In addition to the crccheck field on the CARDP message which alerts the user to an erroneous frame,
there are two other error messages possible. One, if the modulation header does not decode, causing
the modem to print ‘Bad Modulation Header’, and two, if the data header does not decode, the modem
will print “BAD_CRC, Data Header”. See Table 11.

45
FDP Minipacket rates
A minipacket can be sent using different coding rates and data sizes. The following tables show a
breakdown of the packet size and duration for varying rates with a bandwidth of 5000Hz. Although only
full frames are listed, there is no penalty for sending partial frames. The packet duration does not
include the FM probe and null time that precede each packet. Grayed out rates are not yet
implemented. The duration of a packet can be calculated using the following formula:

d = (framesyms x nframes + overheadsyms)/BW

where:

d = Packet duration (sec)

framesyms = total number of symbols in a frame
nframes = number of frames
overheadsyms = 702, packet overhead, symbols
BW = symbol rate bandwidth, Hz

Table 6: FDP minipackets

Rate Number of Frame Data bytes Packet Packet duration Burst rate
frames size in packet length (QPSK (milliseconds) (bps)
(symbols) symbols)
1 1-8 896 1-100 7870 1574 508
3 1-8 384 1-100 3774 755 1060
5 1-8 91 1-100 1430 286 2797
The first miniframe of a packet can hold 9 data bytes, subsequent frames can hold 13. Thus the
breakdown of packet size with respect to number of frames sent is:

Table 7: FDP Miniframe sizes, in QPSK symbols

Nframes Databytes Packet length Packet Packet
(rate1) Length(rate 3) length(rate 5)
1 1-9 1598 1086 793
2 10-22 2494 1470 884
3 23-35 3390 1854 975
4 36-48 4286 2238 1066
5 49-61 5182 2622 1157
6 62-74 6078 3006 1248
7 75-87 6974 3390 1339
8 88-100 7870 3774 1430

A data packet can be sent using different coding rates and data sizes. The following tables show a
breakdown of the packet size and duration for varying rates with a bandwidth of 5000Hz. Only full

46
frames are sent, partial frames are padded to full length. The packet duration does not include the FM
probe and null time that precede each packet.

Table 8: FDP data packets

Rate Number of Frame Data bytes Packet Packet duration Burst rate
frames size in packet length (QPSK (milliseconds) (bps)
(bytes) symbols)
1 1-3 64 192 15358 3072 500
5 1-8 256 2048 15031 3000 5460

47
User Mini-Packet Sentences
The user mini-packet command sends very short messages in the same packet size as used by the Cycle-Init
command and ping commands. The mini-packet is relatively short (less than 1 second). A user mini-packet
transaction involves several NMEA sentences as described below.

CCMUC – User Mini-Packet command, host to modem

A user mini packet is sent using the CCMUC sentence. The data format is ASCII-encoded hex. The data payload
is 13 bits, which is encoded in the NMEA sentence as 2 8-bit hex values (4 characters). As with all transactions,
all modems that receive the packet report it.

$CCMUC,SRC,DEST,HHHH*CS

SRC Source (data originator), 4 bits.

DEST Destination (data receiver), 4 bits.
ASCII-coded hex data (2 Hex values). Values in the range of 0 to
HHHHHH 1FFF are legal.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

CAMUC – Echo of user Mini-Packet, modem to host

When the modem receives the CCMUC NMEA sentence it responds with the CAMUC sentence as confirmation.

$CAMUC,SRC,DEST,HHHH*CS

SRC Source
DEST Destination
ASCII-coded hex data (2 Hex values). Note that the data is zero-
HHHHHH padded, e.g. an F input in CCMUC is echoed back as 000F.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CAMUA – Mini-Packet received acoustically, modem to host

When a mini-packet is received at any unit, the CAMUA sentence is sent over the serial port to the user. The
information provides awareness of network activity. When the mini-packet is received at DEST the modem
automatically responds to acknowledge receipt.

$CAMUA,SRC,DEST,HHHH*CS

SRC Source
DEST Destination
ASCII-coded hex data (2 Hex values). Note that the data is zero-
HHHH padded, e.g. an F input in CCMUC is sent as 000F.

48
 *CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CAMUR – Reply to Mini-Packet received, modem to host

When the modem that transmits a mini-packet receives an acoustic confirmation that the Mini-Packet was
received, the CAMUR sentence is provided as confirmation that the data was delivered and acknowledged. Note
that the SRC and DEST now reflect the fact that the unit receiving the min-packet is now transmitting. Thus, the
value of DEST in this message will match SRC in the original CCMUC command.

When the reply to a Mini-Packet is received by other modems a CAMUR message is generated also.

$CAMUR,SRC,DEST*CS

SRC Source (unit that received the mini-packet)

DEST Destination (originator of the mini-packet)
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

49
Navigation Sentences
CCPGT – Ping Generic transponder, host to modem
Ping Generic Transponder from host to modem.

$CCPGT,Ftx,nbits,tx_seq_code,transponder_timeout_ms,Frx,rx_seq_code1,
rx_seq_code2,rx_seq_code3,rx_seq_code4, Bandwidth_Hz,reserved2*CS

Ftx Transmit frequency for outgoing ping, Hz

nbits number of bits to use from the signal sequence, same
for outgoing as well as incoming pings
tx_seq_code outgoing sequence bits, packed into a 64 bit int
transponder_timeout_ms Maximum time to listen for in milliseconds
Frx Receive frequency for incoming ping, Hz
rx_seq_code1,2,3,4 which signals to receive, 0 being no signal
Bandwidth_Hz chiprate/bandwidth, of outgoing and receive signals
reserved2 future use, potentially modulation scheme
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)
optional.

Example 1: Sending $CCPGT with a Turyn code (1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0) at a chiprate of 4 kHz and carrier frequency of 26 kHz
and listening for a reply of the Turyn code at 24 kHz:
$CCPGT,26000,28,DA444780,1000,24000, DA444780,0,0,0,4000,0*68

$SNPGT,26000,28,DA444780,1000,24000,FDA44478,0,0,0,4000,0*09
$CATXP,280*48
$CATXF,280*5E
$SNTTA,,,,,144456.86*56

50
CCPDT – Ping REMUS digital transponder, host to modem
REMUS active LBL navigation ping message from host to modem. Dprecated, use $CCPGT instead

$CCPDT,GRP,CHANNEL,SF,STO,Timeout,AF,BF,CF,DF*CS

Transponder group designator (at present only 1 is

GRP
available, which corresponds to a set A-D).
CHANNEL Interrogation channel, 1-4.
SF Synchronization Flag. If set to 1, transmits on rising
edge of EXTPPS hardware input. If set to 0, transmits
immediately and does not wait for EXTPPS.
STO Synch time-out in milliseconds. Set to 0 if not used.
Timeout Maximum time to listen acoustically (milliseconds).
AF,BF,CF,DF Transponder flags. Set to 1 to enable detection of
individual beacons.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)
optional.

Example: $CCPDT,1,1,0,0,2500,1,1,0,0

Ping transponder group 1 on channel 1, no hardware synchronization, 2.5 second time out, listen for
transponders A and B (for example, transponders labeled DTxA and DTxB, x might be 2 or 4 depending on the
number of channels it is capable of receiving). When two systems are sharing transponders they should use
different interrogation codes. As of October 2003 (Micro-Modem software release 0.86) all four interrogation
channels are supported by the Micro-Modem and the Digital Transponders.

The 1-way travel time information is returned in the SNTTA message.

Note: the transponder turnaround time parameter must be sent to the correct value in the modem non-
volatile memory. For the REMUS transponders this is 50 msec. The command to set this is: $CCCFG,TAT,50

51
CCPNT – Ping narrowband transponder, host to modem
Narrowband active LBL navigation ping message from host to modem. In passive mode, the navigation
statistics message $SNNST must be turned on to get the detection on the outgoing ping as well as all
four replies. Additionally, the passive nav travel times are reported as direct times with no
compensation for Transponder Turnaround Time(TAT).

$CCPNT,Ftx,Ttx,Trx,Timeout,FA,FB,FC,FD,Tflag*CS

Transmit frequency to interrogate narrowband

Ftx
transponders
Ttx Length of transmit ping in milliseconds
Trx Length of receive pings in milliseconds
Timeout Maximum time to listen for in milliseconds
FA,FB,FC,FD Receive frequency list (in Hz), difference between
Maximum and minimum frequency should not
exceed 5kHz.
Tflag Transmit Flag 0 – wait for external sync (deprecated)
1 – transmit outgoing ping
2 – passive mode, listen for outgoing
ping and replies
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)
optional.

Example 1, Deep-Ocean Transponder Ping:

$CCPNT,9000,10,10,10000,9000,10000,10500,11000,1
Ping at 9 kHz for 10 msec, then listen for transponders that have return pulse length of 10 msec for 10000 msec.
The transponder frequencies are 9 kHz, 10 kHz, 10.5 kHz, and 11 kHz. The 1-way travel time information is
returned in the SNTTA message.

Example 2, Benthos UAT-376 Ping: $CCPNT,26000,5,5,4000,25000,0,0,0,1

Ping at 26 kHz for 5 msec, then listen for 4000 msec at 25 kHz.

Note: the transponder turn around time parameter must be set to the correct value in the modem non-
volatile memory. For UAT-376 the turn-around time is 20 msec. The command to set this is: $CCCFG,TAT,20.

Sample output after $CCPNT is shown below for the case of a bench test at near-zero range. The MFD message
is printed if the MFD flag is set.

$SNPNT,26000,5,5,4000,25000,0,0,0,0,22118*6E
$SNMFD,01,1393,0154,0904*56
$SNTTA,-0.0005,,,,150347.00*6C

52
SNTTA – Transponder travel times, modem to host
Active LBL navigation one-way travel time message from modem to host. Note that if no signal is
detected the travel times fields are empty but the commas remain. The one-way travel time has the
transponder turn-around time already subtracted. The turnaround time is entered with the CCCFG
command: $CCCFG,TAT,xx, where xx is the turn-around time in milliseconds.

In passive mode, the ‘Time of ping’ field is populated with detection time of the outgoing ping. This is
used as the reference time to calculate the travel time offsets for transponders A, B, C and D.

$SNTTA,TA,TB,TC,TD,hhmmsss.ss*CS

TA Travel time from transponder A

TB Travel time from transponder B
TC Travel time from transponder C
TD Travel time from transponder D
hhmmss.ss Time of ping (Modem time from real-time clock)
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

Example: $SNTTA,0.0733,0.0416,,,014524.00*5C

The 1-way travel time to transponder A is 0.0733 seconds, or 110 meters, and the 1-way travel time to
transponder B is 0.0416 s, or 62 meters.

SNMFD – Nav matched filter information, modem to host

Matched-filter detector message from modem to host provided upon reception of a navigation pings.
This message can be enabled or disabled by sending $CCCFG,MFD,x, where x is 1 to enable and 0 to
disable. Default is disabled.

$SNMFD,NN,MFPK,MFPWR,MFRATIO*CS

NN Transponder channel
MFPK Matched-filter peak value.
MFPWR Incoherent broad-band power at the peak
MFRATIO Ratio MFPK and MFPWR used for the detector test .
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $SNMFD,01,0858,1632,00052

53
Diagnostic and Information Sentences
CABBD – Dump of baseband data to serial port, modem to host
NOTE: This message is used for diagnostic purposes only. If BBD is enabled during normal operation, serial
errors may occur. The CABBD message format and behavior may change in future firmware releases.

Modem prints complex, interleaved n-channel PSK data to serial port as a hex string. Available in firmware rev
0.93.0.0+

To enable this message, set the BBD configuration parameter to 1 (by issuing $CCCFG,BBD,1). When this
message is enabled, one $CABBD… message will be printed for every packet detected by the modem. The length
of this message is not fixed, but it can be determined using the nwords argument.

Disable this message once the desired baseband data has been retrieved by setting the BBD configuration
parameter to 0 ($CCCFG,BBD,0).

This message terminates with a CRLF character sequence, but does not include the NMEA 0183 checksum.

$CABBD,nwords, <hhhhhhhh…..>

Twice the number of samples being printed. Each sample

is represented as a hex-encoded 32-bit complex value, or 8
nwords
hex characters. So, the number of hex characters in this
message is equal to nwords * 4.
Baseband samples represented as hex-encoded 32-bit
<hhhhhhhh…..>
complex values (8 ASCII characters per sample).

CCCFR -- Measure noise level at receiver, host to modem

Message from host to modem used to command the modem to measure the level of signal at the hydrophone
in the frequency bands used for communication.

$CCCFR,TTTTT

TTTTT Time to average in milliseconds

Example: $CCCFR,1000

Command the modem to average for 1 second and report back with the average noise values in the $SNCFR
message

54
SNCFR -- Noise report, modem to host
Response from modem to host with noise estimates made in the frequency bands used for communication. The
FH-FSK standard uses 7 pairs of frequencies, so there are 14 measurements made and reported to the user.

$SNCFR,<v1>,<v2>,…,<v14>*CS

<v1> to <v14> Voltages in dB re Volt (dBV)

*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $SNCFR,-117,-116,-116,-116,-112,-88,-111,-115,-115,-113,-115,-115,-115,-111*7F

Frequencies Corresponding to the 14 Bins

Number Band A Band B Band C
1 7680 12800 23040
2 8000 13120 23360
3 8320 13440 23680
4 8640 13760 24000
5 8960 14080 24320
6 9280 14400 24640
7 9600 14720 24960
8 9920 15040 25280
9 10240 15360 25600
10 10560 15680 25920
11 10880 16000 26240
12 11200 16320 26560
13 11520 16640 26880
14 11840 16960 27200

CACST – Communication cycle receive statistics

Message from modem at the end of a communication packet receive. Used to print out all statistics related to
the received packet. Firmware rev 0.92.0.99+

The CST message is subject to change and has a version number starting from firmware rev 0-93.0.52. Versions
6+ of the CST message are supported in the Micromodem-II.

$CACST,<Field1>,<Field2>, …, <Field26>*CS

55
 Table 9: Communications Packet Receive Statistics Message Fields
Field number Field number Field Name Description
(version 0) (version 6,
micromodem-2)
N/A 1 Version number if less than 6, then version 0.
N/A N/A Date YYYYMMDD
1 2 Mode 0 if good, 1 if bad CRCs, 2 if packet
timeout
2 3 TOA time Time of Arrival
Version 6: yyyyMMddHHmmss.uuuuuu
Version <6: HHmmss.ffff
3 4 TOA mode Clock status
4 5 MFD peak See $CAMFD description
5 6 MFD power See $CAMFD description
6 7 MFD ratio See $CAMFD description
7 8 SPL See $CAMFD description
8 9 SHF-AGN See $CASHF description
9 10 SHF-AINPSHIFT See $CASHF description
10 11 SHF-AINSHIFT
11 12 SHF-MFDSHIFT See $CASHF description
12 13 SHF-P2BSHIFT See $CASHF description
13 14 Rate Packet rate
14 15 SRC Packet Source ID
15 16 DEST Packet destination ID
16 17 PSK Error Code 0. No Error
1. " Bad Modulation header"
2. "Bad CRC, Data Header"
3. "Bad CRC" on any frame
4. "Error accessing coproc" - if modem
loses r/w connection to the coproc
5. "Equalizer timeout" - if the coproc
never returns
6. “Missed start of PSK packet”
17 18 Packet Type -1. Unknown
1: FSK
2: FSK Mini
3: PSK
4: PSK Mini
18 19 Nframes Number of frames expected
19 20 nbad Number of frames with bad CRCs
20 21 SNR-RSS See $CASNR description

56
Field number Field number Field Name Description
(version 0) (version 6,
micromodem-2)
21 22 SNR in See $CASNR description
22 23 SNR out See $CASNR description
23 24 Symbols SNR See $CASNR description
24 25 MSE Mean Squared Error from Equalizer
25 26 DQF Data Quality Factor, FSK only
26 27 DOP Doppler
27 28 Stdev noise Std dev. of noise, dB
28 29 Carrier Carrier frequency of received packet , Hz
29 30 Bandwidth Bandwidth of received packet, Hz
N/A TBD PCM Multi-channel mask, 0 for main board only

57
CAXST – Communication cycle transmit statistics
Message from modem at the end of a communication packet transmit. Used to print out all statistics related to
the transmitted packet. Use NVRAM setting XST to turn it on or off. Default setting, ON. Firmware rev
0.93.0.46+

$CAXST,<Field1>,<Field2>, …, <Field26>*CS

Table 10: Communications Packet Transmit Statistics Message Fields

Field number Field number Field Name Description
Version 6
N/A 1 Version number Version number of the xst message
1 2 Date YYYYMMDD
2 3 Time Time of transmit, hhmmss.sss
3 4 Timing mode Clock status
4 5 Mode 0. Transmit successful
1. FETS too hot
2. Extsync Timeout
3. TX inhibited
4. Data Timeout
5 6 Probe Length Length of FM probe, in symbols
6 7 Bandwidth Bandwidth of transmitted packet, Hz
7 8 Carrier Carrier, Hz
8 9 Rate Packet rate
9 10 SRC Packet Source ID
10 11 DEST Packet destination ID
11 12 ACK Ack expected/not expected (1/0)
12 13 Nframes Number of frames expected, from the CACYC
expected message
13 14 Nframes sent Number of frames sent
14 15 Packet Type -1. Unknown, 1: FSK, 2: FSK Mini
3: PSK, 4: PSK Mini
15 16 Nbytes Total number of data bytes sent

CAMSG – Transaction message, modem to host

Message from modem to host used to inform the user about the status of the acoustic link. At present
there are two CAMSG types: bad CRC of a received packet (either cycle init or data), and timeout when
an acoustic data packet was requested (or expected) and not received.

58
$CAMSG, Type, Number*CS

Type Type of message. Current message types include:

BAD_CRC
PACKET_TIMEOUT
Number Number of message. (For BAD_CRC and
PACKET_TIMEOUT, this is the packet type. For a list of
packet types, see CCCYC – Network Cycle Initialization
Command, page 23.)
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence), optional

Table 11: Routine Errors

Type Description
Bad Modulation Header Modulation header did not decode on a PSK packet

BAD_CRC, Data Header Data Header did not decode on a PSK packet

BAD_CRC A specific frame did not decode on a comms packet

Error accessing coproc The modem could not find the coprocessor

Equalizer Timeout A PSK packet took too long to decode

Missed start of PSK pkt A PSK packet probe was detected but the start of the
packet was missed
Unknown minipacket A command minipacket was received with unknown
command command type
Unknown minipacket type A minipacket was received with unknown type

TX inhibited The modem ‘TXINHIBIT’ line is high, causing modem

to drop a packet queued for transmit
PACKET_TIMEOUT A modem, expecting a data packet within ‘PTO’
seconds, timed out on a detection

CAREV – Software revision message, modem to host

Modem software revision number message from modem to host provided at boot and at the end of a
cycle, including a cycle time-out (e.g. after CTO seconds). This message can be enabled or disabled by
sending $CCCFG,REV,x, where x is 1 to enable and 0 to disable. Default is enabled.

$CAREV,HHMMSS,IDENT,V.VV.V.VV*CS

59
 HH Hours
MM Minutes
SS Seconds
IDENT Software identifier string (for example AUV), or INIT at
boot time.
V.VV.V.VV Revision number (for example, 0.89.0.17).
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CADQF – Data quality factor information, modem to host

Data qualify factor message from modem to host provided upon reception of an FSK data packet. This
message can be enabled or disabled by sending $CCCFG,DQF,x, where x is 1 to enable and 0 to disable.
Default is enabled.

$CADQF,DQF,P*CS

Data quality factor (0-255) for last packet. Values above 200
DQF normally represent decodable packets. Values from 230-250
represent high SNR.
P Packet type, 1 data packet, 2, mini-packet, e.g. cycle init.
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CASHF – Shift information, modem to host

Buffer shift information to convert 12-bit incoming data to full-scale 16-bit data, published upon
reception of all communications packets. Higher shifts imply low signal strengths and vice versa. This
message can be enabled or disabled by sending $CCCFG,SHF,x, where x is 1 to enable and 0 to disable.
Default is disabled.

$CASHF,AGN,AINPSHIFT,AINSHIFT,MFDSHIFT,P2BSHIFT*CS

AGN Analog gain setting.

AINPSHIFT Shift of previous input buffer
AINSHIFT Shift of current input buffer
MFDSHIFT Shift of the basebanded buffer containing a detection
P2BSHIFT Shift performed during basebanding incoming data
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CAMFD – Comms matched filter information, modem to host

Matched-filter detector message from modem to host provided upon reception of any data packet
reception. This message can be enabled or disabled by sending $CCCFG,MFD,x, where x is 1 to enable
and 0 to disable. Default is disabled.

60
$CAMFD,MFPK,MFPWR,MFRATIO,SPL*CS

MFPK Matched-filter peak value.

MFPWR MFPK compensated for shift and converted to dB
Ratio of MFPK and incoherent broad-band noise used for
MFRATIO
the detector test .
SPL Sound Pressure Level at receiver in dB re. 1 µPa
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CAMFD,6441,32,0440, 0138*41

CACLK – Time/Date message, modem to host

Time and date message from modem to host.

$CACLK,YYYY,MM,DD,hh,mm,ss*CS

YYYY Year
MM Month
DD Day
hh Hours
mm Minutes
ss Seconds
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

CASNR – SNR statistics on the incoming PSK packet

Received signal strength and packet SNR on received PSK comms packets.
Firmware rev. auv-0-92-0-94+
$CASNR,RSS,SNR in,SNR out,Symbol SNR, Noise level*CS

RSS Received signal strength in dB re. 1 Pa

SNR in Input SNR, dB, channel 1 only, reported to 1 decimal
place in version 6 of CACST
SNR out SNR at the output of the equalizer, dB, reported to 1
decimal place in version 6 of CACST
Symbol SNR Symbol SNR for spread spectrum packets only, dB
Noise level Noise level measurement, taken before start of
packet,channel 1 only
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

61
CADOP – Doppler speed message, modem to host
This message reports the calculated relative speed between the transducer attached to this modem and
the transmitting transducer. It is shown only if the DOP configuration parameter is set to 1.

$CADOP,Speed*CS

Speed Relative speed in meters per second

*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CADOP,0.0*5B

CADBG – Low level debug message, modem to host

Message from modem to host that provides insight into low-level modem processes. This message is
not intended for use by end users. Contact the Acoustic Communications Group for more information
or assistance with these messages.

$CADBG, Information*CS

Information Varies
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence), optional

BBD, Baseband data dump configuration parameter

BBD Baseband data dump level

0 (default) Baseband data dump disabled

1(legacy) Dumps all baseband data from every PSK packet received, using CABBD
format sentences.
2 (legacy) Dumps all baseband data from ‘Bad Mod Hdr’ error packets only, using
CABBD format sentences
3 Dump only training and header baseband data in a packet using the new
BDD sentences
4 Dump the entire packet, using the new BDD sentences

CABBD
Dump of baseband data to serial port, modem to host(legacy). This includes 75 msec of pre-packet
samples, which are used to estimate noise, and an extra 100 samples of padding at the end of the
message.

$CABBD,nwords,hhhh…

nwords Twice the number of samples being printed. Each sample

62
 is represented as a hex-encoded 32-bit complex value, or
8
hex characters. So, the number of hex characters in this
message is equal to nwords * 4.
hhhh…. Baseband samples represented as hex-encoded 32-bit
complex values (8 ASCII characters per sample).

CABDD
Dump of baseband data to serial port, modem to host. This includes 75 msec of pre-packet samples,
which are used to estimate noise, and an extra 100 samples of padding at the end of the message. Each
sentence has 256 bytes of hex encoded data samples. The last of these sentences can be zero padded.

$CABDD,msgnum,total_msgs,databytes,hhhh…*CS

msgnum Message number being printed

total_msgs Total number of messages to expect
databytes Data bytes in current sentence, exclusive of padding .
hhhh Baseband samples represented as hex-encoded 32-bit
complex values (8 ASCII characters per sample).
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

Assuming a serial baud rate of 19200, and single-channel receive, a full data packet dump can take up to
160 seconds (BBD=11), a training and header only dump (BBD=3) will take 11 seconds. At 115200 baud it
drops to 2.4 seconds. The following table shows the number of $CABDD messages printed for each
legacy packet type, along with the time take to print out all the messages at two different baud rates
assuming a bandwidth of 2 kHz. Because the pre-packet padding is fixed at 75 milliseconds, the number
of messages will change with the bandwidth.

Packet type Number of Number of Total seconds to Total seconds to

messages,BDD=3 messages,BDD=11 print full packet, print full packet,
19200 baud 115200 baud
1 34 488 148 25
2 34 469 142 24
3 34 530 160 27
4 34 498 150 25
5 34 482 145 24

To print out a baseband dump of 8 bytes of data using the new Flexible Data Protocol at a bandwidth of
5000 Hz at the lowest rate (rate 1), requires 62 messages.

63
SNNST
Navigation statistics message, printed at the end of an LBL navigation cycle. Controlled by the nav.nst
configuration parameter.

$SNNST,version,TX_Hz,TX_ms,yyyymmddhhmmss.ssssss,timing_mode,AGN,TAT,NAV_mode
,det0_peak,det0_pow,det0_ratio,xpond1,xpond1_freq,det1_peak,det1_pow,det1_rat
io,xpond1_owtt,… xpond4,xpond4_freq,det4_peak,
det4_pow,det4_ratio,xpond4_owtt*CS

version Version number of message, currently 0

TX_Hz Outgoing ping frequency, Hz
TX_ms Outgoing ping and replies width, ms
yyyymmddhhmmss.ssssss Timestamp of outgoing ping. In passive mode,
timestamp of start of the receiver
timing_mode 4-bit bitmask: bits 0-1 RTC source
00 RTC none
01 RTC onboard
10 RTC user command synced
11 RTC GPS synced
Bits 2-3 PPS source
00 PPS none
01 PPS from RTC
10 PPS from external pin
11 PPS from RTC, sync’d to the last
external PPS pulse.
AGN Analog gain setting at receiver
TAT Turnaround time, ms, for transponders
NAV mode 0, active nav, transmit ping
1, passive nav, do not transmit ping, listen for outgoing
ping and replies.

det0_peak MFD detection peak, outgoing ping, blank if active nav

cycle
det0_pow MFD detection power, dB, outgoing ping, blank if active
nav cycle
det0_ratio MFD detection ratio, outgoing ping, blank if active nav
cycle
xpond1 Transponder number, 1-4
xpond1_freq Reply frequency, Hz, of transponder 1
det1_peak MFD detection peak, transponder 1, blank if no detect

64
det1_pow MFD detection power, dB, transponder 1, blank if no
detect
det1_ratio MFD detection ratio, transponder 1, blank if no detect
xpond1_owtt One way travel time, ms, transponder 1, blank if no
detect
xpond2 …
xpond4_owtt One way travel time, ms, transponder 4, blank if no
detect
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

65
Configuration Sentences
CCCFG – Set configuration parameter, host to modem
Send NVRAM configuration parameter message. See CCCFQ – Query configuration parameter, host to
modem for a complete listing of the configuration parameters.

$CCCFG,NNN,vv*CS

NNN Name of NVRAM parameter to set (See Table below)

vv New value
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CCCFG,SRC,1

Set the address of the unit (its source address) to 1. The modem will echo the new setting back with the
same sentence and include the checksum as well: $CCCFG,SRC,1*33.

To show all settings at once use $CCCFQ,ALL

Example: $CCCFG,ALL,0

Set ALL of the NVRAM parameters to their factory defaults.

66
CCCFQ – Query configuration parameter, host to modem
Query a modem configuration parameter. Used to check a value or setting on the modem.

$CCCFQ,NNN *CS

NNN Name of parameter (Table 10), or “ALL” to show all

*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CCCFQ,SRC

Query the address of the unit. The modem will respond with: $CCCFG,SRC,x*CS where x is the source
number. For example: $CCCFG,SRC,1*33.
Example: $CCCFQ,ALL

Query all configuration parameters.

In the Micromodem-2, configuration parameters are grouped together based on their functionality.
Legacy parameters are still available, but the new parameters will supersede legacy parameters in case
of overlapping functionality. $CCCFQ is used to query the value of a single parameter or a group.
$CCCFG is used to set the value of a single parameter.

CCCFQ,TOP- Query all configuration parameters

A comprehensive list of all configuration parameters. Each grouping is further described in the section
relevant to its functionality. For example, to learn more about the ‘hibernate’ group, see the section on
hibernating.

$CCCFQ,TOP

In response to this query, the modem prints:

$CACFG,<configuration parameter>,<value>*CS

For convenience, the list is broken up into subgroups and tabulated, each with its own query command.

67
CCCFQ,ALL- Query legacy configuration parameters
Listing of legacy parameters only.

$CCCFQ,ALL

Table 10: Legacy Configuration Parameters

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default
value Value Value
AGC Turn on automatic gain control 0 1 1
AGN Analog Gain (50 is 6 dB, 250 is 30 0 255 250
dB)
AGX Transmit AGC sequence for PSK 0 1 1
ASD Always Send Data. Tells the 0 1 0
modem to send test data when
the user does not provide any.
BBD PSK Baseband data dump to 0 4 0
serial port
BND Frequency Bank (1, 2, 3 for band 0 3 3
A, B, or C, 0 for user-defined PSK
only band)
BR1 UART1 baud rate 0 7 3
setting bitrate
0 2400
1 4800
2 9600
3 19200
4 38400
5 57600
6 115200
7 230400
BR2 UART2 baud rate 0 7 3
BR3 UART3 baud rate 0 7 3
BR4 UART4 baud rate 0 7 3
BRN Run bootloader at next revert 0 1 0
BSP Boot loader serial port 1 4 1
BW0 Bandwidth for Band 0 PSK, Hz 0 250000 4000
Allowable bandwidths are
1000,1250,2000,2500,4000,5000
CPR Coprocessor power toggle 0 1 1
switch
CRL Cycle init reverb lockout (ms) 0 32767 50
CST Cycle statistics message 0 1 1

68
CTO Cycle init timeout (sec) 0 255 10
DBG Enable low-level debug 0 1 0
messages
DGM Diagnostic messaging 0 1 0
DOP Whether or not to send the 0 1 0
$CADOP message
DQF Whether or not to send the 0 1 1
$CADQF message
DTH Matched filter signal threshold, 0 32767 108
FSK
DTO Data request timeout (sec) 1 30 2
DTP Matched filter signal threshold, 0 32767 90
PSK
ECD Delay at end of cycle (ms) 0 32767 50
EFB Feedforward taps for the LMS 10 100 20
equalizer
EFF Feedback taps for the LMS 10 100 10
equalizer
FC0 Carrier at Band 0 0 100000 25000
FMD PSK FM probe direction,0 up, 1 0 1 1
down
FML PSK FM probe length, symbols 10 255 200
GPS GPS parser on aux. serial port 0 1 0
HFC Hardware flow control on main 0 1 0
serial port . Currently, non-
functional.
IRE Print impulse response of FM 0 1 0
sweep
MCM Enable current mode 0 1 1
hydrophone power supply on
Rev. C Multi-Channel Analog
Board. Must be set to 1 for Rev.
B Multi-Channel Analog Board.
MFD Whether or not to send the MFD 0 1 0
messages
MOD 0 sends FSK minipacket, 1 sends 0 1 0
PSK minipacket
MPR Enable power toggling on Multi- 0 1 1
Channel Analog Board
MSE Print symbol mean squared error 0 1 0
(dB) from the LMS equalizer

69
MVM Enable voltage mode 0 1 1
hydrophone power supply on
Multi-Channel Analog Board
NDT Detect threshold for nav 0 32767 120
detector
NRL Navigation reverb lockout (ms) 0 32767 25
NRV Number of CTOs before hard 0 255 150
reboot
PAD Power-amp delay (ms) 0 100 2
PCM PSK multichannel channel mask 0 255 0
POW Detection power threshold (dB) -128 128 -100
PRL Packet reverb lockout (ms) 0 32767 50
PTH Matched filter detector power 0 32767 50
threshold
PTO Packet timeout (sec) 0 1000 14
REV Whether or not to send the 0 1 1
$CAREV message
RXA Whether or not to send the 0 1 0
$CARXA message
RXD Whether or not to send the 0 1 1
$CARXD message
RXP Whether or not to send the 0 1 0
$CARXP message
SCG Set clock from GPS 0 1 0
SGP Show GPS messages on main 0 1 1
serial port
SHF Whether or not to send the 0 1 0
$CASHF message
SNR Turn on SNR stats for PSK 0 1 0
comms
SNV Synchronous transmission of 0 1 0
packets
SRC Default Source Address 0 255 0
TAT Navigation turn-around-time 0 32767 50
(msec)
TOA Display time of arrival of a 0 1 0
packet (sec)
TXD Delay before transmit (ms) 0 32767 600
TXP Start of transmit message 0 1 1
TXF End of transmit message 0 1 1
XST Turn on transmit stats message, 0 1 1
CAXST

70
CCCFQ,uart<n>- Query UART configuration parameters
Listing of UART parameters. There are four UARTs on the Micromodem-2:
uart1: RS232 with optional hardware flow control (RTS/CTS).
uart2: RS232 without hardware flow control.
uart3: logic-level (3.3V) with optional hardware flow control.
uart4: Switchable between RS232 (optional hardware flow control) and RS485 (full- or half-duplex).
$CCCFQ,uart<n>

Parameter Name Description Min Max Default Legacy Parameter

Value Value Value
uart<n>.bitrate Baudrate, 2400 921600 19200 BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4
allowable values
are: 2400, 4800,
9600, 19200,
38400, 57600,
115200, 230400,
460800, 921600
uart<n>.task 0 OFF 0 4 1 N/A
1 NMEA
2 reserved
3 reserved
4 RAW
uart<n>.parse_gps parse incoming 0 1 0 GPS=uart2.parse_gps
GPS messages
uart<n>.show_gps pass GPS 0 1 0 SGP=uart1.show_gps
messages
through
uart<n>.set_clk_GPS set modem 0 1 0 SCG=uart2.set_clk_GPS
clock from
GPRMC and
GPZDA
sentences
uart<n>.flowcontrol use hardware 0 1 0(OFF) HFC=uart1.flowcontrol
(uart1, uart4) flow control.
Currently non-
functional
uart<n>.crc32 New 32 bit 0 1 0 N/A
CRC(1) vs. legacy
8-bit CRC(0)
uart4.rs485 0=RS232 0 2 0 N/A

71
1=full-duplex
RS485
2=half-duplex
RS485

72
CCCFQ,log- Query logging configuration parameters
Listing of logging parameters. See NMEA Data Logging for further details on how to use them.

$CCCFQ,log

Parameter Name Description Minimum value Maximum Default Value

Value
log.nmea.level NMEA log level 0 2 0
log.nmea.location log location 1 1 1, Read-only
log.nmea.lastretrieval last time a log file 0
was retreived, in
microseconds
log.nmea.correntdbSize current size of 0 59768832 0
SQLite database
bytes

CCCFQ,fsk- Query FSK packet configuration parameters

Listing of FSK packet parameters. Only legacy_addressing is settable. Carrier is set using the legacy
parameter, BND. Bandwidth, nulltime and modulation are fixed parameters.

$CCCFQ,fsk

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default Notes

value Value Value
fsk.packet.modulation modulation 0 0 0 Read-
type only
fsk.packet.bandwidth_Hz bandwidth 4000 4000 4000 Read-
only
fsk.packet.carrier_Hz carrier, Hz See BND See BND 25120 Read-
only
fsk.packet.nulltime_ms nulltime, ms 200 200 200 Read-
only
fsk.packet.legacy_addressing 4-bit 0 1 0
addressing

CCCFQ,psk- Query PSK packet configuration parameters

Listing of PSK packet parameters.

$CCCFQ,psk

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default Value

value Value
psk.packet.mod_hdr_version 0 legacy 0 1 0

73
 1 FDP protocol
psk.packet.modulation modulation type 0 0 0
psk.packet.bandwidth_Hz current bandwidth, 10 10000 5000
Hz
psk.packet.carrier_Hz current carrier, Hz 100 125000 25000
psk.packet.bandwidth0_Hz band 0 bandwidth, Hz 10 10000 5000
psk.packet.carrier0_Hz band 0 carrier, Hz 100 125000 5000
psk.packet.nulltime_ms nulltime, ms 100 5000 250

CCCFQ,detector- Query detector configuration parameters

Listing of detector parameters. Settings common to all detectors are listed under ‘detector’ while specific
settings are listed under ‘detector<n>’, where n=1,2 or 3.Typically detector1 listens for FSK packets,
detector2 listens for PSK packets and detector3 listens for navigation pings.

$CCCFQ,detector

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default

value Value Value
detector.power_thresh power threshold for -128 128 -100
detection
detector.noise_thresh noise threshold 0 32767 50
detector1.channel_mask 8-bit bitmask 0 511 1
bit chan
0 onboard
1-4 MCA card
5-7 reserved
detector1.type The signal to listen 0 0 0
for(FM sweep)
detector1.fm_dir Direction of FM sweep 0 1 0
detector1.length_sym length of sweep, symbols 10 1000 40
detector1.fm_bw_Hz Bandwidth, Hz 10 10000 4000
detector1.carrier_Hz Carrier, Hz 100 125000 25120
detector1.thresh detection threshold 0 32767 108
detector2.channel_mask 8-bit bitmask 0 511 1
bit chan
0 onboard
1-4 MCA card
5-7 reserved
detector2.type The signal to listen 0 0 0
for(FM sweep)

74
 detector2.fm_dir Direction of FM sweep 0 1 1
detector2.length_sym length of sweep, symbols 10 1000 200
detector2.fm_bw_Hz Bandwidth, Hz 10 10000 4000
detector2.carrier_Hz Carrier, Hz 100 125000 25120
detector2.thresh detection threshold 0 32767 90
detector3.channel_mask 8-bit bitmask 0 511 1
bit chan
0 onboard
1-4 MCA card
5-7 reserved
detector3.type The signal to listen 0 2 1
for(tone)
detector3.fm_dir Direction of FM sweep 0 1 0
detector3.length_sym length of sweep, symbols 10 1000 40
detector3.fm_bw_Hz Bandwidth, Hz 10 10000 4000
detector3.carrier_Hz Carrier, Hz 100 125000 25120
detector3.thresh detection threshold 0 32767 50

CCCFQ,recv- Query receiver configuration parameters

Listing of receiver parameters. These operate on the receiver after a detection has taken place.

$CCCFQ,recv

Parameter Name Description Minimum value Maximum Default Value

Value
recv.mca.gain MCA gain 0 255 250
recv.onboard_gain Onboard gain setting 0 255 250
recv.onboard_equalizer Use onboard equalizer 0 1 0
recv.agn_legacy Use legacy AGN setting 0 1 1
instead of
recv.mca.gain and
recv.onboard_gain
recv.p2b_chmask 8-bit bitmask for packet 0 511 1
bit chan
0 onboard
1-4 MCA card
5-7 reserved
recv.agc_length_ms AGC sequence length, 0 1000 100
ms
recv.agc_legacy AGC on noise seq. 0 1 1

75
 recv.digital_rcvr Bypass analog in and 0 1 0
use baseband digital
data over SPI interface.
Not for general use,
special hardware
required
recv.base64data Encode data in CARDP 0 1 0
as base64

CCCFQ,xmit- Query transmitter configuration parameters

Listing of transmitter parameters.

$CCCFQ,xmit

Parameter Name Description Minimum value Maximum Default Value

Value
xmit.poweramp_gating gate power amp 0 1 0
for null time
xmit.txinhibit Check TXINHIBIT 0 1 0
input pin
xmit.uart_disable_mask Disable specified 0 15 0
UARTs during
transmit (bit mask)

CCCFQ,timing- Query detector configuration parameters

Listing of timing parameters.See section on Using and Setting the Clock for further details.

$CCCFQ,timing

Parameter Name Description Minimum value Maximum Value Default Value

timing.clock_source clock source 0 3 0, Read-only
timing.PPS_source PPS source 0 4 0, Read-only
timing.syncnav transmit on a 0 1 0
PPS edge
timing.pps_timeout PPS receipt 0 300 3
timeout

CCCFQ,hibernate- Query hibernate configuration parameters

Listing of hibernate parameters. See section on Hibernating for further details

$CCCFQ,hibernate

76
 Parameter Name Description Minimum value Maximum Value Default Value
hibernate.wake_interval wake interval 0 2419200 0
in sec
hibernate.wake_reference wake 0 2147483647 0
reference,
sec
hibernate.hibernate_after hibernate- 0 2419200 0
after time,
sec

CCCFQ,nav- Query navigation configuration parameters

Listing of navigation parameters. See section on USBL navigation and on Tracking ping for further
details.

$CCCFQ,nav

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default Value

value Value
nav.soundspeed_mps sound speed, 0 3000 1430
meters per
second
nav.nst show nav stat msg 0 1 0
nav.usbl.mode USBL mode 0 3 0
nav.usbl.dbg Debug flag 0 1 0
nav.usbl.array_type Use to set default 0 10 0
array locations for
commonly used
array heads
nav.usbl.array_locs<n>_x_mm USBL array -32768 32767 {-15, +15,
locations, x- +15, -15}
position (mm),
n=1-4
nav.usbl.array_locs<n>_y_mm USBL array -32768 32767 {+15, +15, -
locations, y- 15, -15}
position (mm)
nav.usbl.array_locs<n>_z_mm USBL array -32768 32767 {0, 0, 0, 0}
locations, z-
position (mm)
nav.usbl.channel_mask channel mask 0 511 30
nav.trackping.mode Tracking Pinger 0 4 0
mode

77
 nav.trackping.timing_mode Timing mode 0 1 0
nav.trackping.carrier_Hz Carrier for the 100 125000 13500
pinger signal, Hz
nav.trackping.cycles_per_sym Used instead of 1 1000 7
bandwidth for
user defined
signals
nav.trackping.period Repetition period, 1 255 1
seconds
nav.trackping.reference_time Reference time, 0 4294967295 1449187200
unix seconds . 0
indicates no
reference time
required
nav.trackping.data If a sequence is 0 264 0
being sent, use
this data as
packed unsigned
64-bit int
nav.trackping.sequence_len Length of 1 64 47
sequence in bits
nav.trackping.bandwidth_Hz Bandwidth of 10 50000 4000
signal
nav.trackping.duration_msx10 Duration of 0 32767 35
signal,if not user
defined in
millisecods times
10.

CCCFQ,rec Query recording configuration parameters

Listing of recording information(read only) .

$CCCFQ,rec

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Value Default Value

value
rec.state recording state 0 4 0
0 Idle, not
recording
1 recording
2 Done
recording,
printing

78
 rec.start_time recording start time, -1 2147483647 0
unix, seconds. If not
recording, this is set to
-1
rec.end_time recording end time, -1 2147483647 0
unix, seconds. This
shows the end time of
the current recording,
or if the modem is
done recording, the
end time of the
previous recording.

CCCFQ,pwramp Query poweramp configuration parameters

Listing of power amp settings. Only valid with 202006d and 202009c and newer variants of power amps.

$CCCFQ,pwramp

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default Notes

value Value Value
pwramp.temperature_degC temperature, ◦C -274.0 +274.0 N/A Read-
only
pwramp.vbat battery Voltage 0.0 26.0 N/A Read-
only
pwramp.vtransmit power amp 0.0 26.0 N/A Read-
voltage during only
transmit
pwramp.iout_sense_amps Power Amp IOut 0.0 26.0 N/A Read-
Sense current only
pwramp.fault Faulted? 0/1 0 1 N/A Read-
only
pwramp.txlevel Bitfield 0 3 0
0 High
1 Med-High
2 Med-Low
3 Low

CCCFQ,info Query board information parameters

Listing of software and hardware information. (These parameters are read-only.)

$CCCFQ,info

Parameter Name Description Typical Value

79
 info.part_number part number 201005
info.serial_number serial number 511
info.board_rev board revision 68 (ASCII ‘D’)
info.bom_variant BOM variant 77 (ASCII ‘M’)
info.bom_rev BOM revision 1
info.fpga_version FPGA version 2.0.21446
info.fpga_api_level FPGA API level 3
info.fpga_flashrom_version FPGA flashrom version 2
info.build_oem build OEM 65 (ASCII ‘A’)
info.build_year build year 2013
info.build_month build month 1
info.build_options build options 0
info.coproc_version coprocessor version x.xx.x.xx.xxxxx

info.firmware_version firmware version x.x.xxxxx

info.loader_version loader version 17175

info.booted_slot current firmware 1
booted slot

CCCFQ,fathometer Query fathometer parameters

Listing of fathometer parameters. See fathometer application for an example application.

$CCCFQ,fathometer

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Default Value

value value
fathometer.active transmit schedule 0 1 0
active
fathometer.hibernate_after hibernate after 0 1 0
npings otherwise
de-activate after
npings
fathometer.t0_ms lockout end-of- 0 20000 1333
txtime to start-of-
capture-window
(ms)
fathometer.tcapture_ms total capture 0 20000 5333
window (ms)

80
fathometer.report_full_window report full 0 1 0
fathometer
window rather
than window
around peak
fathometer.dt_peak_ms peak report 0 20000 300
window duration
(ms)
fathometer.pre_peak_pct peak report 0 100 10
window -
percentage of
reported IRE
which will be
before peak
fathometer.decimate_by_2 decimate report 0 1 0
window by 2
fathometer.npings_total number of pings 1 1000 1
per cycle
fathometer.npings_over_iridium number of pings 1 1000 0
transmitted over
Iridium per cycle
fathometer.min_dx_m minimum 0 100000 0
distance from last
ping
fathometer.last_lat_deg latitude of last -100 100 -100
ping (decimal
degrees)(RDONLY)
fathometer.last_lon_deg longitude of last -200.0 200.0 -200
ping (decimal
degrees)(RDONLY)
fathometer.diagnostics_over_iridium send non- 0 1 0
fathometer NMEA
sentences over
Iridium
fathometer.ire_over_iridium send IRE NMEA 0 1 0
sentences over
Iridium
fathometer.use_base64 send IRE with 0 1 1
base64 encoding
rather than ASCII
hex

81
CCCFQ,hwd Query and set board hardware parameters
Listing of software and hardware information. (These parameters are read-only.)

$CCCFQ,hwd

Notes on hwd.gpio<n>

Parameter Name Description Minimum Maximum Value Default Value

value
hwd.batt_V Input battery 0.0 -
voltage
hwd.aux_adc_v Aux ADC 0.0 6.0 Read-only
voltage
hwd.aux_adc_gain Aux ADC gain 0 255 1
hwd.aux_adc_res Aux ADC 0 255 12
resolution, bits
hwd.aux33V_on Aux 3.3V 0 1 1
enabled
hwd.aux33V_fault Aux 3.3V Fault 0 1 Read-only
hwd.stack33V_on Stack 3.3V 0 1 1
enabled
hwd.stack33V_fault Stack 3.3V Fault 0 1 Read-only
hwd.Vpwramp_on Vpwramp 0 1 1
enabled
hwd.Vpwramp_fault Vpwramp fault 0 1 Read-only
hwd.Vpreamp_on Vpreamp 0 1 1
enabled
hwd.Vpreamp_fault Vpreamp fault 0 1 Read-only
hwd.VSDcard_on VSDcard 0 1 0
enabled
hwd.VSDcard_fault VSDcard fault 0 1 Read-only
hwd.gpio<n>, n=1-5 Set or read 0 2 0=00: Output low
hardware GPIO 1=01: Output
pins 1-5. high
2=10: Input (low)
3=11: Input (high)
hwd.txinhibit TXINHIBIT pin 0 1 Read-only
value
hwd.temp Temperature, -274.0 +274.0 Read-only
◦C

82
Notes on hwd.gpio<n>:

The Micromodem-2 has five GPIO pins, GPIO 1-5.

To configure a pin, for example GPIO 1, do:

Set GPIO 1 as output, value low: $CCCFG,hwd.gpio1,0
Set GPIO 1 as output, value high: $CCCFG,hwd.gpio1,1
Set GPIO 1 as input: $CCCFG,hwd.gpio1,2

To read the value of GPIO 1: $CCCFQ,hwd.gpio1

Value read will give:
GPIO 1 is an output, value low: $CACFG,hwd.gpio1,0
GPIO 1 is an output, value high: $CACFG,hwd.gpio1,1
GPIO 1 is an input, value low: $CACFG,hwd.gpio1,2
GPIO 1 is an input, value high: $CACFG,hwd.gpio1,3

83
Selected Configuration Settings for detector lockouts

CRL – cycle reverberation lockout

This is used to lockout the detector after receiving a packet so as to not detect on end-of-packet
noise. Defaults to 50 msec.

ECD – End of Cycle Delay

This is used to lockout the detector after transmitting a data or mini packet so as to not detect on
outgoing packet reverberation . Defaults to 50 msec.

PRL – Packet reverberation lockout

This is used to lockout the detector after transmitting a cycle init and before setting up the receiver
so as to not detect on end-of-packet noise. Defaults to 50 msec.

TXD – Transmit delay

Insert minimum delay between cycle init and packet. Defaults to 600 msec

84
Synchronous Navigation
The Micromodem-2 allows precise transmission of signals on a PPS edge. See Reference Invalid source
specified. for implementation details. However, there are a few differences in how the PPS state is
maintained in the modem. The Micromodem-2 can synchronize the RTC PPS to an external PPS. Hence,
if external PPS is lost, the modem can still stay synchronized with clock state set to ‘EXT_SYNC’. So a
packet that is queued up for synchronous transmit is always sent so long as RTC PPS is available.

The Micromode-2 shows increased performance accuracy over the Micromodem-1 with respect to one-
way travel time. Tests conducted over the wire (no cables or transducers) showed a mean error of 84
microseconds with a standard deviation of 42 microseconds at 4 kHz bandwidth, which is less than half a
baseband sample (125 microseconds).

85
Using and Setting the Clock
The modem can set its real-time clock based on an external signal received on a GPIO pin if the user
prepares the modem with the CCTMS command.

CCTMS
Set the modem clock, ‘TiMeSet’

$CCTMS,YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ,mode *CS

YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ Time that will be set, in ISO 8601 Extended format.

The time zone specifier must be included and set
to “Z”.
mode 0 Set time for the “current” second. If a PPS signal is
present, this will synchronize the clock to the specified
time based on the last PPS edge.
1 Set specified time on the next rising edge of the
External PPS signal. If providing a single pulse on the
External PPS line for synchronization, the rising edge
of the pulse must occur within 2 seconds of sending
this command.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded
(8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.
The modem will respond to this command with a CATMS message once the time is set or a 3-second
timeout elapses (only applicable when mode is 1). The CATMS message is therefore not sent
immediately in response to this command.

Additionally, if the clock is set successfully and the clock source has changed, an informational message,
CATMG, will be printed.

If using the External PPS (EXTPPS) signal, it must remain stable (both high and low) for at least 10us, and
it must not be asserted until after the modem has processed the CCTMS message. The host serial port
often introduces significant latency that cannot be predicted. Therefore, we suggest sending this
command at least several hundred milliseconds before a rising edge on External PPS.

CATMS
Response to set clock command

$CATMS,timed_out,YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ*CS

86
 timed_out 0 (time was set) if the CATMS command mode was 0 or
if the External PPS signal had a rising edge within
the timeout period and the time was set
successfully.
1 (time was not set) if mode was 1 and the timeout
period elapsed. The time was not set.
YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ Time that was set, in ISO 8601 Extended format.
If timed_out is 1, this field will be empty.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.
This message will be sent by the modem following a CCTMS command when the clock is set or when the
timeout period elapses.

Examples
In examples, messages in bold are commands sent from the host to the modem and messages not
in bold are messages sent from the modem to the host. CS is the NMEA message checksum.

Set the clock immediately

This example sets the modem clock to the specified time.

$CCTMS,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z,0

$CATMS,0,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z*CS

Set the clock on the next rising edge of External PPS

This example shows the message that will appear if the rising edge on External PPS (EXTPPS) occurs
within two seconds of the command being sent.

$CCTMS,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z,1

$CATMS,0,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z*CS

This transaction shows what would occur if the timeout elapsed before the rising edge occurred.

$CCTMS,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z,1

$CATMS,1,*CS

CCTMQ
Query modem time command

$CCTMQ,0*CS

87
 0 Reserved field, must be 0.
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.
The modem will respond with the current time and time source information in the CATMQ message.

CATMQ
Response to time query (CCTMQ) command

$CATMQ,YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ,clock_source,pps_source*CS

YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ Current time, in ISO 8601 Extended format.

clock_source NONE If there is no clock source present. This is an
error condition.
RTC if the clock source is the internal RTC modem
clock. This could have previously been
synchronized with an external clock.
USER_CMD If the clock was set using the user
command CCCLK or CCTMS.
GPS if the clock source is synchronized to a GPS string
as controlled by the FRAM parameter SCG.
pps_source NONE If there is no PPS source present. This is an error
condition.
RTC if the PPS source is the internal RTC modem PPS.
EXT If the PPS source is the external PPS pin.
EXT_SYNC if the PPS RTC pulse source is synchronized
to the last valid external PPS pulse.
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

The parameters for this message are identical to those of the CATMG message (the only difference is the
message ID).

CATMG
Informational message about timing source, printed when timing sources change

$CATMG,YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ,clock_source,pps_source*CS

YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ Current time, in ISO 8601 Extended format.

88
 clock_source NONE If there is no clock source present. This is an
error condition.
RTC if the clock source is the internal RTC modem
clock. This could have previously been
synchronized with an external clock.
USER_CMD If the clock was set using the user
command CCCLK or CCTMS.
GPS if the clock source is synchronized to a GPS string
as controlled by the FRAM parameter SCG.
pps_source NONE If there is no PPS source present. This is an error
condition.
RTC if the PPS source is the internal RTC modem PPS.
EXT If the PPS source is the external PPS pin.
EXT_SYNC if the PPS RTC pulse source is synchronized
to the last valid external PPS pulse.
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message will be sent by the modem following a change of status in either the clock source or the
PPS source. This could happen after a reboot, or the execution of a CCTMS command or a CCCLK
command.

The parameters for this message are identical to those of the CATMQ message (the only difference is
the message ID).

CCCLK – Set clock, host to modem

Deprecated for uM2; use CCTMS instead.
Set clock message from host to modem. The modem responds with the CACLK message showing the
time.

$CCCLK,YYYY,MM,DD,hh,mm,ss*CS

YYYY Year
MM Month
DD Day
hh Hours
mm Minutes
ss Seconds
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence)

Example: $CCCLK,2004,3,28,10,20,0

89
90
Firmware Update
The modem can update its firmware during operation. To update firmware over the serial port, the
modem needs to boot into the recovery slot from flash using the $CCRST command.

The AComms Group can provide a python script or an executable to update the firmware, described
below in the section on pyAComms Support. Alternately, if users need to implement their own firmware
update software, the user can command the modem start the update process using the UPMFW
command. The user then must send the UPDAT commands to load the firmware.

The modem can support two separate user update-able firmware slots.

Below is the Message Sequence Diagram:

User Modem

UPMFW

UPMFWA

Data Upload

UPDAT

UPDATA

Error / Done

Upload Completes
UPDONE

Upload Errors

UPERR

91
UPMFW
Command modem to start upload of new firmware.

$UPMFW,firmware_slot,data_location,total_data_size,force_reboot,sha1_hash,fir
mware_filename *CS

firmware_slot 1 if the modem will be flashing the first user slot

2 if the modem will be flashing the second user slot
0 if the modem will be flashing the recovery slot
data_location 0 if modem is loading from NMEA
total_data_size The number of bytes in firmware file.
force_reboot 0 if the modem will be rebooted by the user to the new
firmware
1 if the modem will be automatically rebooted upon
completion
sha1_hash SHA1 hash of the firmware file for upload verification in Hex
coded bytes, 2 characters each, e.g. 00-FF.
firmware_filename Firmware filename.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

After the UPMFW command is sent, the modem will reply with a UPMFWA message that indicates when
the modem is ready to start accepting firmware data using the UPDAT message. The SHA1 Hash is
generated following the sha1sum method of the Unix operating system utility.

UPMFWA
Response to upload start command

$UPMFWA,firmware_slot,data_location,total_data_size,sha1_hash,firmware_filena
me*CS

firmware_slot 1 if the modem will be flashing the first user slot

2 if the modem will be flashing the second user slot
0 if the modem will be flashing the recovery slot
data_location 0 if modem is loading from NMEA
total_data_size The number of bytes in firmware file.
sha1_hash SHA1 hash of the firmware file for upload verification
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message is sent in response to a UPMFW command.

92
UPDAT
Upload of piece of firmware data.

$UPDAT,data_format,data*CS

data_format 0 if the data is encoded in base64 data

1 if the data is encoded in Hex coded data bytes.
data If data_format is 0, then data is base64 encoded bytes.
Maximum of 1K per message.
If data_format is 1, then data is hex coded data bytes, 2
characters each, e.g. 00-FF, Maximum of 512
bytes per message.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message is sent after the UPMFWA message is received. This message is sent multiple times to
handle the upload of each piece of the firmware file. Each data packet is assumed to be received
sequentially with respect to the firmware file. The modem will respond with a UPDATA message after
each data chunk is received.

UPDATA
Response to upload data command

$UPDATA,nbytes*CS

nbytes Number of bytes received in data chunk.

*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message is sent in response to a UPDAT command.

UPERR
Response to errors within firmware update process

$UPERR,errno,error_msg*CS

errno Specific error number referencing error message

below.
error_msg Human Readable Error Message detailing the fault in
the upload process.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-

93
 bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message is sent in response to any errors that occur within the update process. If received, modem
has ignored this transfer and it needs to be restarted.

UPDONE
Response to upload firmware completion

$UPDONE,Update Complete,msg*CS

msg Done Message.

*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

This message is sent in response to a completed and successful firmware update. Depending on the
configuration of the update, the message will reference to the reboot option.

94
pyAcomms Support
Not Currently Supported. However, using a downloadable python script (fw_update.py) from our
website, the firmware on the Micromodem-2 can be upgraded following these steps. The user will need
access to the serial port on the modem.

1. Boot the modem into the recovery slot, using $CCRST,0

2. Disconnect from the serial terminal.
3. From a command prompt, type in:
python update_fw.py <serial port> <baudrate> <firmwarefile.ldr>
Where:
Serial port is serial port identifier that the micromodem is connected on depending on
operating environment. (I.E, if Windows then COMx or if Linux /dev/ttyXX etc.).
Baudrate is the baud rate the modem UART is set to, which is also the serial terminal baudrate.
firmwarefile.ldr is the firmware updater ldr file.
4. The script will establish a connection with the com port and upload the new firmware into the
requested slot. It will show the $UPDATA message.
5. Once it is done, the $UPDONE message will be printed along with statistics on time to upload,
filesize and number of packets sent. The user can now re-connect to the serial port on the
modem and wait for it to reboot into the newly programmed slot. If there was an error in
programming the firmware, the modem will reboot into the recovery slot.
6. To force the modem to boot into the newly-programmed slot, type $CCRST,1 or $CCRST,2
7. The script changes the baudrate to 115200 to improve the speed of the upload.

95
Acoustic NMEA command
An acoustic nmea command takes an NMEA command and sends it acoustically at a given rate using the
new FDP minipacket.

CCACM
Acoustic NMEA command packet.

$CCACM,dest,rate,ack,cmd_string*CS

dest Destination ID for command

rate The rate at which to send the command, currently only 1
and 3 are valid.
ack Expect an acknowledgement from the destination modem, if
set to 1, else no ack is expected.
cmd_string The NMEA command to be sent, minus the dollar sign and
checksum
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

Upon receipt of the command on the originating modem, a $CAACM… is issued and the command is
sent acoustically as a FDP minipacket. Currently this command exists only for the USBL CCXSB command.
Upon receipt of the packet, if the destination ID matches the source ID of the receiving modem, an ack is
sent if requested, and the command is implemented.

CAACM
Response to acoustic NMEA command packet.

$CAACM,dest,rate,ack,cmd_string*CS

dest Destination ID for command

rate The rate at which to send the command, currently only 1
and 3 are valid.
ack Expect an acknowledgement from the destination modem, if
set to 1, else no ack is expected.
cmd_string The NMEA command to be sent, minus the dollar sign and
checksum
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

96
CAACA
Reciept of acoustic NMEA command packet.

$CAACA,dest,rate,ack,cmd_string*CS

dest Destination ID for command

rate The rate at which the command was received.
ack Echo of the acknowledgement field.
cmd_string Echo of the NMEA command that was sent, minus the dollar
sign and checksum
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

Upon reception of an acoustic command minipacket, the destination modem issues a $CAACA message.
Additionally if the destination ID on the command matches the source ID of the modem, it executes the
command.

CAACR
Acknowledgement of an acoustic NMEA command packet.

$CAACR,dest,rate,ack,cmd_string*CS

dest Destination ID for command (source ID of the modem

issuing the ack)
rate The rate at which the command was received, same as the
rate at which it was sent.
ack Set to 0.
cmd_string The NMEA command received, minus the dollar sign and
checksum
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

97
USBL navigation
The Micromodem USBL mode provides azimuth and elevation to another Micromodem system which is
configured as a USBL transmitter. It also provides range to the transmitter when both are equipped with
either GPS PPS or another stable time source with a hardware pulse output.

A Micromodem-2 equipped with a multi-channel receiver card and a 4-element USBL array functions as
the receiver. The receiver may or may not include a transmit capability. A Micromodem-2 with source
operates as the source. Host computers at both the dock and the homing vehicle are assumed to exist
and provide high-level control of the modems.

This version of the firmware uses an approach which allows the host computers to control all aspects of
the USBL mode of operation. Future versions could be more sophisticated, but this approach makes
visible to the user every step of the process.

Unambiguous Ranging Discussion

The first release of the capability described here will require the repetition rate to be such that the
range is not ambiguous, i.e. there is not more than one ping in the water at a time. Future versions will
have an additional several bits of tag data to follow each ping such that their emission time can be
determined at the receiver.

As an example, if the transmitter is configured at 1 Hz the vehicle can home from less than 1 second, or
1500 meters, away by assuming that a ping, when received, was transmitted at the next ping time minus
the inter-ping delay. In other words for the 1 second case, if a reception occurs at xx:0.70 sec, the range
is computed by assuming the ping was sent at xx:0.0, and thus the travel time is 0.70 seconds. For a 4 Hz
rate, when the signal is received at 0.7 seconds it is assumed to be transmitted at xx:0.5 seconds and the
travel time is 0.2 seconds. At four Hz the maximum unambiguous range is 375 m. Note that the PING
command (CCPNG) can be used at any time before the USBL mode is enabled to measure the actual
range.

98
USBL Navigation Configuration Parameters
All parameters related to USBL navigation are controlled using parameters in the nav configuration
group.

nav.soundspeed_mps Sound speed in meters per second in urethane.

1430 default
nav.usbl.mode 0/[1,2,3], off/[on-FSK, on-PSK, on-both]

0 Default, no USBL receiver, unless explicitly commanded by $CCRSB.

1 USBL receiver on all received FSK probes, comms on PSK probes
2 USBL receiver on all received PSK probes, comms on FSK probes
3 USBL receiver and comms on FSK and PSK probes (not yet implemented)
nav.dbg debug (verbose) flag.

0 Default, no debug message

1 Print detector performance messages if the corresponding config
parameters are set. They are MFD, TOA, SHF and IRE. Additionally, print
the $CAUIR and $CAUXY messages.
nav.array_type use array locations for a particular array type, ignore array_locs setting.

0 Default, no array type entered, use array_locs

1 Use trackpoint array locations
2 Use MSI array locations
3 Use Btech array locations
nav.usbl.array_locs1_x_mm element 1 array x-location in mm

-15 (default) Element 1 array x-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs1_y_mm element 1 array y-location in mm

15 (default) Element 1 array y-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs1_z_mm element 1 array z-location in mm

0 (default) Element 1 array z-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs2_x_mm element 2 array x-location in mm

15 (default) Element 2 array x-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs2_y_mm element 2 array y-location in mm

15 (default) Element 2 array y-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs2_z_mm element 2 array z-location in mm

0 (default) Element 2 array z-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs3_x_mm element 3 array x-location in mm

99
 15 (default) Element 3 array x-location, mm
nav.usbl.array_locs3_y_mm element 3 array y-location in mm

-15 (default) Element 3 array y-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs3_z_mm element 3 array z-location in mm

0 (default) Element 3 array z-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs4_x_mm element 4 array x-location in mm

-15 (default) Element 4 array x-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs4_y_mm element 4 array y-location in mm

-15 (default) Element 4 array y-location, mm

nav.usbl.array_locs4_z_mm element 4 array z-location in mm

0 (default) Element 4 array z-location, mm

nav.usbl.channel_mask The bitwise channel mask used by the detector to listen to the USBL
array, channel one being the one used for detection.

30 Default, all four channels are on.

CCXSB
Command modem to start or stop transmitting USBL pings at a specified repetition rate for nseconds.

$CCXSB,enable_flag,signal_type,reprate_hzx10,nsecs,timing_mode*CS

enable_flag 0 – Disable USBL mode, stop transmitting pings, if currently

active. All other fields of the message are ignored.
1 – Enable USBL mode, start transmitting pings.
signal_type 0 - FSK_probe -The default probe for a FSK packet using
current band settings.
1 - PSK_probe -The default probe for a PSK packet using
current band settings.
reprate_hzx10 The ping repetition rate in tens of Hz. Allowable values are
1, 2, 5, 10,20,40,50,100,200, corresponding to rates of
0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20 Hz.
nsecs The number of seconds to transmit, range is 0 to 3600. The
number of pings transmitted is
max(1,nsec*reprate_hzx10/10)
timing_mode Set to zero. This is a reserved field for potential future use
to convey information about PPS state.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

100
Once the modem receives the $CCXSB command, it will echo it back (or issue NMEA error if need be).
Acoustic communications packets can still be received in between ping transmissions, if they do not
interfere with an outgoing transmission or reverberation from that transmission. However, the
transmission of pings is paused during that time. The intent is to allow the vehicle that is homing to the
dock the capability to turn off the pinging once docking is completed or aborted. In future, a User Mini
Packet received at the transmitter could be used to abort the transmission.

CAXSB
Modem echo of the $CCXSB command.

$CAXSB,enable_flag,signal_type,reprate_hzx10,nsecs,timing_mode*CS

enable_flag 0 – Disable USBL mode, stop transmitting pings, if currently

active. All other fields of the message are ignored.
1 – Enable USBL mode, start transmitting pings.
signal_type 0 - FSK_probe -The default probe for a FSK packet using
current band settings
1 - PSK_probe -The default probe for a PSK packet using
current band settings
reprate_hzx10 The ping repetition rate in tens of Hz. Allowable values are
1, 2, 5, 10,20,40,50,100,200, corresponding to rates of
0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20 Hz.
nsecs The number of seconds to transmit, range is 0 to 3600. The
number of pings transmitted is
max(1,nsec*reprate_hzx10/10)
timing_mode Set to zero. This is a reserved field for potential future use
to convey information about PPS state.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

101
CCRSB
Command modem to start listening to USBL pings at a specified repetition rate for nseconds.The modem
switches the detector to the multichannel card for the USBL mode.

$CCRSB,enable_flag,signal_type,reprate_hzx10,nsecs,timing_mode*CS

enable_flag 0 – Disable USBL mode, stop listening for USBL pings, if

currently active. All other fields of the message are
ignored.
1 – Enable USBL mode, start the USBL detector.
signal_type The signal to listen for:
0 - FSK_probe -The default probe for a FSK packet using
current band settings, the modem will be able to receive
PSK packets.
1 - PSK_probe -The default probe for a PSK packet using
current band settings, the modem will be able to receive
FSK packets.
reprate_hzx10 The ping repetition rate in tens of Hz. Allowable values are
1, 2, 5, 10,20,40,50,100,200, corresponding to rates of
0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20 Hz.
nsecs The number of seconds to listen, range is 0 to 3600. The
number of pings transmitted is
max(1,nsec*reprate_hzx10/10)
timing_mode Set to zero. This is a reserved field for potential future use
to convey information about PPS state.
*CS Optional: The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-
bit XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

Once the modem receives the $CCRSB command, it will echo it back (or issue NMEA error if need be). If
another $CCRSB command is issued before the first one times out, it will supersede the previous one.

The modem, while configured for receiving USBL navigational pings on one channel, will still be able to
receive communication packets on the second channel. For example, if the signal_type is set to 0, the
modem will still receive PSK packets, and if it is set to 1, it will still receive FSK packets.

102
CAUSB
The USBL navigational message.

$CAUSB, YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.ssssZ,azimuth_deg,el_deg,owtt,timing_mode*CS

YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.ssssZ Time of arrival, in ISO 8601 Extended format.

azimuth_deg Arrival angle, azimuth, degrees –1800 to 1800
el_deg Arrival angle, elevation, degrees, -1800 to 1800
owtt One way travel time from dock, if available, in
ss.ssss. This is calculated assuming it is always
less than the interval between successive
pings. In future, more sophisticated signals
can be sent to resolve the ambiguity for larger
timing delays.
timing_mode Timing mode on received ping, same as TOA mode
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-bit
XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

CAUIR
The USBL Peak Impulse Response message, all channels. Use in conjunction with channel_mask to pick
out valid channels.

$CAUIR, ch1re,ch1im,ch2re,ch2im,ch3re,ch3im,ch4re,ch4im*CS

ch<1-4>re Peak value of the impulse response estimate, real,

q.15 format
ch<1-4>im Peak value of the impulse response estimate,
imaginary, q.15 format
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-bit
XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

CAUXY
The USBL unit vector. The unit vector assumes the USBL receiver to be the origin with the x-axis pointing
towards the source.

$CAUXY,xloc,yloc,zloc*CS

xloc Unit vector in x (pointing from the USBL receiver to

the source). Q.15 format
yloc Unit vector in y. Q.15 format
zloc Unit vector in z. Q.15 format
*CS The NMEA sentence checksum, hex coded (8-bit
XOR or CRC-32). See Message Checksums.

103
Error Messages
CAERR – Error message, modem to host
Error messages from modem to host regarding errors that result from serial input by the user. Error
messages include things that are typically correctable by the user, such as NMEA parsing and not
supplying data to the modem when a data request (CADRQ) is made. CAMSG is used to inform the user
about acoustic link status (timeout, bad CRC, etc.).

$CAERR,HHMMSS,Module,NN,Message*CS

HHMMSS Time of error

Module Name of the software module reporting the error. For
example, all errors related to NMEA messages are labeled
“NMEA”.
NN Error Number
Message Human-readable error message
*CS Hex coded checksum (8 bit XOR of sentence) optional

Example: $CAERR,163553,NMEA,12,Unknown command*4B

The user sent an unrecognized NMEA command.

104
ModemTMA
The Acoustic Communications Group provides a basic Windows GUI tool for interaction with
Micromodems over a variety of connections. This tool allows basic functionality such as sending and
receiving packets, setting configuration parameters, updating firmware, sending pings, etc. It also
provides more advanced options for different users. Users can download the most recent version from:

http://acomms.whoi.edu/umodem/downloads.html

105
pyAcomms Support Library
The Acoustic Communications Group provides a basic interaction library for the Micromodem system
through Python 2.7.x. This is a basic library which provides support for Micromodem functions. This
section provides the installation instructions for the pyAcomms library. The library supports both
windows, mac and linux development.

The current release of the pyAcomms library is located on the Python package Index (PyPI). The
information links is here:

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/acomms

pyAcomms Installation Instructions:

Installation of Python:
Python can be installed following the instructions available from the python.org wiki here:

https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Download

Python 2 is the version that is supported and used by our libraries.

Installation of Python Package Index:

Python Package Index (PIP) is the tool which allows downloading of the current release of the
pyAcomms repository. To install, follow the instructions from the provider here:
http://pip.readthedocs.org/en/latest/installing.html

Installation of the pyAcomms Library and its dependencies:

Once the installation of python and the PIP tool are complete, then the installation of the library is as
follows:

1) Open a command terminal.

2) Execute the following command:

pip install acomms

This will install all current dependencies for the pyAcomms library. These dependencies currently
include:

 bitstring
 pyserial
 isodate
 timer2
 python-dateutil
 enum

106
  apscheduler
 setuptools
 crcmod

pyAcomms Upgrade Instructions

If an older version of pyAcomms is installed, one can upgrade using the same PIP tool. To upgrade:

1) Open a command terminal.

2) Execute the following command:

pip install --upgrade acomms

107
Applications

108
Long-term deployment with periodic wakeups
and data logging
The Micromodem-2 may be deployed for long periods of time during which it monitors and logs data
from sensors, and this data can be periodically retrieved by a host computer.

To increase mission duration, a host can command the modem to hibernate periodically to reduce
energy consumption.

If a high-accuracy clock, such as an atomic clock, is available, the host may set the clock on the modem
each time it wakes from hibernate so that timing-critical functions such as acoustic navigation can be
performed accurately.

The following instructions deal with the following scenario:

 A host system has a high-accuracy clock, which it will use to set the time on the modem.
 The host will wake the modem from hibernate via the EXTWAKE pin.
 The host will command the modem to hibernate.
 The modem will log all NMEA messages.
 A host will retrieve logged NMEA messages at a later time.

In the following instructions, messages in bold are commands sent from the host to the modem and
messages not in bold are messages sent from the modem to the host. CS is the NMEA message
checksum.

Initial Configuration
First, the modem should be configured to enable NMEA logging. (The values shown below are also the
default values, so they don’t need to be set unless they were previously changed.)

$CCCFG,log.nmea.level,2

$CACFG,log.nmea.level,2*CS

$CCCFG,log.nmea.location,1

$CACFG,log.nmea.location,1*CS

Because the host will be commanding the modem to hibernate and waking it via the EXTWAKE pin, the
automatic hibernate schedule should be disabled. (This, again, is the default for these configuration
parameters.)

$CCCFG,hibernate.hibernate_after,0

$CACFG,hibernate.hibernate_after,0,2*CS

109
 $CCCFG,hibernate.wake_interval,0

$CACFG,hibernate.wake_interval,0*CS

Wake the modem from hibernate

Assuming the modem has been previously commanded to hibernate, wake it by driving the EXTWAKE
pin LOW.

Set the time when the host wakes the modem

EXTPPS is used to latch the time on the modem, and can be used once to set the time, or may be
provided at a 1 second interval.

Adjust the time in this command as necessary. It is recommended that the host set the time at least
500ms after this command is issued, so the time specified here should be one or two seconds in the
future.

$CCTMS,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z,1

After issuing the command, drive the EXTPPS pin high at the time specified in the message. The modem
will reply with

$CATMS,0,2012-12-01T01:04:05Z*CS

The host software should prepare to handle possible error conditions, as well. See the CCTMS command
in the User’s Guide.

Command the modem to hibernate (in the future)

After setting the time, the host software can command the modem to stay awake (and collect/log data)
for 10 minutes and then hibernate.

Send the hibernate command with a relative hibernate time of 10 minutes (600 seconds), and set the
wake mode to 0, because the modem should hibernate until the host drives the EXTWAKE pin.

$CCHIB,600,0

$CAHIB,0,2012-12-01T01:15:21Z,0,*CS

The timestamp in the response will correspond to the current time + 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the
modem will issue a $CAHBR message before shutting down.

$CAHBR,*CS

110
See the CCHIB command in the User’s Guide for more details.

Retrieving Logged Data

When the host wishes to retrieve the data that was logged by the modem while it was operating, the
host software can issue the CCRBR command.

To request all logged messages that haven’t already been retrieved:

$CCRBR,1,0,0,0,0

The modem will then respond with a series of CARBR messages containing logged data. The CARBR
message syntax, along with a number of examples, is described in the NMEA Data Logging and Retrieval
section of the User’s Guide.

Example Real-Time Modem Output

A wav file is available to use in testing the modem and the host application software. It may be
downloaded from http://acomms.whoi.edu/documents/MIZ_rate1_bw25_fc_900_fs_48000.wav. The
receiving modem needs the following parameters set:

$CCCFG,BND,0

$CCCFG,BW0,25

$CCCFG,FC0,900

$CCCFG,psk.packet.mod_hdr_version,1

$CCCFG,psk.packet.nulltime_ms,4000

$CCCFG,recv.agc_length_ms,500

When played out of a sound card on a computer into the analog input of the modem using a sampling
rate of 48 kHz, it will result in the following series of messages similar to below:

$CAREV,181916,AUV,2.0.14703*18

$CAREV,181916,COPROC,0.20.0.51*43

$CARXP,1*45

$CARDP,0,1,1,0,0,1;8;0001020304050607;,*6A

$CACST,6,0,20131008181917.655045,3,1539,25,0384,0150,141,01,01,01,01,1,000,001,0,5,1,0,150,49.2,2
6.4,-100,-23.4,-01,1.1,-6,900,0025*60

$CAREV,182031,AUV,2.0.14703*17

111
 $CAREV,182031,COPROC,0.20.0.51*4C

To retrieve the messages, send the following command to the modem:

$CCRBR,1,0,0,0,0

The results provided back will be similar to below:

$CARBR,0,0,2013-08-23T19:14:26Z,15,CAREV,191426,AUV,2.0.10734*71

$CARBR,0,1,2013-08-23T19:14:26Z,15,CAREV,191426,COPROC,0.20.0.51*2B

$CARBR,0,2,2013-08-23T19:14:26Z,15,CAREV,191426,RECOVERY,2.0.10734*32

$CARBR,0,3,2013-08-23T19:14:33Z,15,CARXP,1*24

$CARBR,0,4,2013-08-23T19:14:35Z,15,CARDP,1,0,1,0,0,1;9;000102030405060708;,*03

$CARBR,0,5,2013-08-
23T19:14:35Z,15,CACST,6,0,20130823191433.543886,3,836,29,0361,0150,40,00,00,00,00,-1,-01,-
01,0,5,1,0,150,69.4,33.0,-100,-30.0,-01,0.0,00,10000,2000*34

$CARBR,0,6,2013-08-23T19:14:35Z,15,CAREV,191435,AUV,2.0.10734*77

$CARBR,0,7,2013-08-23T19:14:35Z,15,CAREV,191435,COPROC,0.20.0.51*2D

$CARBR,0,8,2013-08-23T19:14:35Z,15,CAREV,191435,RECOVERY,2.0.10734*38

$CARBR,0,9,2013-08-23T19:14:40Z,2,CCRBR,1,0,0,0,0*06

$CARBR,1,0,,,*6D

112
Docking an AUV using USBL navigation with
precision timing
In this example, a vehicle equipped with a precision timing source (CSAC board synchronized to GPS)
docks to a docking station, also synchronized to a GPS source. The CSAC board supplies timing
information as $GPZDA messages in conjunction with a PPS signal which the vehicle modem can use to
set its clock.

Assuming that the GPZDA messages are coming in over UART4 and are being echoed on to UART1 of the
micromodem, the following commands are issued to the vehicle modem before the start of the mission:

1. Power on vehicle
2. Power on GPS unit
3. Wait a few minutes for the CSAC board to boot. When the board boots, the modem prints out
its boot message on UART1:

$CAPST,2,0,0,0,,CSAC($Rev: 16967 $)*00

4. Set the uart configuration parameters to process GPS messages on the appropriate UART and
echo them on another. Set the modem clock using GPS message string on the UART that is
processing the incoming messages. In this example, the CSAC board is connected to UART4 of
the modem using a baudrate of 19200, and the modem output is monitored on UART2.
The configuration parameters need to be set only once and hold through a modem power cycle.

$CCCFQ,uart4

$CACFG,uart4.parse_gps,1*37

$CACFG,uart4.show_gps,0*40

$CACFG,uart4.set_clk_GPS,1*3B

$CACFG,uart4.crc32,0*0B

$CACFG,uart4.rs485,0*40

$CACFG,uart4.bitrate,19200*0F

$CCCFQ,uart2

$CACFG,uart2.parse_gps,0*30

$CACFG,uart2.show_gps,1*47

$CACFG,uart2.set_clk_GPS,0*3C

$CACFG,uart2.crc32,0*0D

113
 $CACFG,uart2.bitrate,19200*0

5. Once the modem sees a valid GPS string come through along with an external PPS, it will set the
clock. Check to make sure that the clock source is GPS and and the PPS source is EXT. The
modem will print a CATMG message upon change of clock status, or the user can query status
using the CCTMQ command. Keep in mind that the CSAC board only processes valid fixes and
the GPS unit can take several minutes to acquire one.

$GPRMC,194010,A,4131.4776,N,07040.2588,W,000.0,000.0,051214,015.5,W*78

$CATMG,2014-12-05T19:40:11Z,GPS,EXT*7E

$CCTMQ,1

$CATMQ,2014-12-05T19:40:46Z,GPS,EXT*6A

6. At this point, it is safe to disconnect the GPS unit and start the vehicle mission. The CSAC board
will maintain the clock state through a power cycle up to 2 minutes. If the vehicle reboots, the
modem will automatically re-synchronize its clock from the CSAC board. If the vehicle power is
turned off for longer than this time, the modem will have to be re-synchronized.
7. Once the vehicle is ready to home, it can initiate homing by sending the $CCXSB command to
the docking station acoustically using the $CCACM command. A coprocessor firmware of
0.10.0.52 or greater is needed to send the acoustic command. In the following example, a
vehicle with source ID 5, commands a docking station with source ID 6, to start pinging at a
repetition rate of 1 Hz for 5 seconds. Bold face commands are serial input to the modem and
normal face are serial output from the modem.

$CCACM,6,3,1,CCXSB,1,1,10,5,0

$CAACM,6,3,1,CCXSB,1,1,10,5,0*18

$CATXP,0*42

$CATXF,0*54

$CAXST,6,20140529,195047.278352,3,0,200,5000,25000,2,0,0,0,0,2,3,0*4B

The dock side, upon reception of the acoustic command packet, reports CAACA, sends the
acknowledgement and then starts the pinger:

$CAACA,6,3,1,CCXSB,1,1,10,5,0*14

$CACST,6,0,20140529195037.609747,3,11385,40,0129,0150,100,00,00,00,00,3,000,006,0,5,2,0,150,63.7,
22.9,-100,-19.9,-01,0.0,26,25000,5000*44

$CATXP,0*42

114
 $CATXF,0*54

$CAXST,6,20140529,195038.282801,3,0,200,5000,25000,2,0,0,0,0,3,3,0*4A

$CATXP,200*40

$CATXF,200*56

etc. …

Upon receipt of the acknowledgement the vehicle side reports:

$CAACR,6,3,0,CCXSB,1,1,10,5,0*06

$CACST,6,0,20140529195047.951611,3,8238,39,0093,0150,100,00,00,00,00,3,006,006,0,5,3,0,150,61.1,2
7.8,-100,-24.8,-01,0.0,27,25000,5000*7B

8. In the following example, the vehicle will listen for 1 hour for homing pings and calculate range
based on a repetition rate of 4 Hz.

$CCRSB,1,1,40,3600,0

$CARSB,1,1,40,3600,3*5F

9. On the dock modem, the homing pings can start upon issuing the $CCXSB command. In this
example, the dock will issue homing pings for one hour at a repetition rate of 4 Hz.

$CCXSB,1,1,40,3600,0

$CAXSB,1,1,40,3600,3*55

$CATXP,200*40

$CATXF,200*56

10. The vehicle should start printing $CAUSB strings upon successful reception of the homing pings.
At any time in the homing processes, the vehicle or the docking station can stop the homing by
re-issuing the appropriate USB command with the enable field set to 0. The modem also echoes
a $CARSB,0… sentence upon expiration of the USBL receiver listen time.

$CAUSB,2014-12-05T19:48:03.000196Z,-4.6,4.5,00.0001,3*70

$CAREV,194803,AUV,2.0.16992*1D

$CAREV,194803,COPROC,0.10.0.46*47

$CAUSB,2014-12-05T19:48:03.250196Z,-4.6,4.5,00.0001,3*77

$CARSB,0,1,40,10,0*59

115
Navigation using a tracking ping
The modem can send out tracking pings on a schedule based on CCCFQ,nav- Query navigation
configuration parameters settings. Once a ping mode is set, it holds through a modem reset/reboot
cycle. It is advisable to set and synchronize the modem clock before starting the tracking pings.
Configuration parameters are updated only during a mode change, i.e. once a pinger has been turned
on, configuration setting changes will not take effect until the pinger is turned off. There are four
distinct modes for sending out tracking pings.

nav.trackping.mode

0 Default, pinger inactive

1 User sequence, send out a user-defined sequence
2 Send a tone
3 Send an FM upsweep
4 Send a tone at the set period with a double tone every 10 seconds

To send a user-defined sequence, the user would use mode 1 and set the following additional
configuration parameters:

nav.trackping.data packed data in a 64 bit unsigned int

0-264 Packed data bits

nav.trackping.sequence_len The number of bits to unpack and send

1-64 Length of sequence in bits

nav.trackping.cycles_per_sym this parameter can be used in lieu of bandwidth to set number
of carrier cycles per symbol

1-1000 Cycles per symbol

For all other pings, the above parameters are ignored.

To send a 13.5 kHz, 3.5 ms tone at the top of every second with a second tone 35 ms later at the top of
every 10th second, starting from the top of the minute, set the following parameters

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.carrier_Hz,13500

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.period,1

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.reference_time,1449187200

$CCCFG.nav.trackping.duration_msx10,35

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.mode,4

116
To send a 10.5 kHz, 10 ms FM upsweep at the top of every 10th second starting from the top of the
minute, set the following parameters

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.carrier_Hz,10500

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.period,10

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.reference_time,1449187200

$CCCFG.nav.trackping.duration_msx10,100

$CCCFG.nav.trackping.bandwidth_Hz,3000

$CCCFG,nav.trackping.mode,3

117
CCPST Passthrough Message Examples
The examples below reference the system drawn here:

In these examples, a Micromodem-2 is in a buoy housing with a console connector on COM2, an Iridium
controller (such as WHOI-205102 Iridium 9523 Interface Board) on COM1, and a GPS on COM4. The
Iridium controller in these examples relays all NMEA sentences that it receives back and forth between
COM1 and the Iridium RF channel (like a “bridge”, or a high-latency NMEA console). In addition, the
Iridium controller board’s microcontroller can also send sentences onto COM1 to the Micromodem-2.

Example 1: Iridium controller sends a sign-on message to the Micromodem-2 on COM1 to be passed
through to the Console on COM2 as well as echoed back to itself (in turn sent over Iridium to shore,
verifying on shore and at the console that the Micromodem-2 is functioning):

Iridium Controller sends to Micromodem-2 on COM1: $CCPST,3,0,0,0,0,,Iridium online\r\n

Micromodem-2 passes through on COM1 and COM2: $CAPST,3,0,0,0,0,,Iridium online*CS\r\n
[In this example, append_CRLF field is included in $CAPST message]

Example 2: Iridium controller sends a debug message to the Micromodem-2 on COM1 to be passed
through to the Console on COM2, but NOT echoed back to itself (so that it will not be sent over Iridium):

Iridium Controller sends to Micromodem-2 on COM1: $CCPST,2,0,0,0,0,,Debug\r\n

Micromodem-2 passes through message on COM2 only: $CAPST,2,0,0,0,0,,Debug*CS\r\n
[In this example, append_CRLF field is included in $CAPST message]

Example 3: Host computer on COM2 console connector sends a configuration message to a u-blox GPS
connected on COM4, also echoing back to itself:

118
 Host computer sends to Micromodem-2 on COM2:
$CCPST,10,1,1,0,0,,PUBX,40,GLL,0,0,0,0,0,0\r\n
Micromodem-2 passes through message on COM4 and COM2:
$PUBX,40,GLL,0,0,0,0,0,0\r\n [disable $GPGLL on u-blox GPS]

Example 4: As with Example 3 above, but a shore-side computer sends the $CCPST as an Iridium
message that is sent to Micromodem-2 on COM1, and is echoed to console on COM2, Iridium controller
on COM1, and u-blox GPS on COM4:

Shore-side computer sends via Iridium to Micromodem-2 on COM1:

$CCPST,11,1,1,0,0,,PUBX,40,GLL,0,0,0,0,0,0\r\n
Micromodem-2 passes through message on COM4, COM2, and COM1:
$PUBX,40,GLL,0,0,0,0,0,0\r\n [disable $GPGLL on u-blox GPS]

119
FATHOMETER Examples
Depth sounder, no Iridium link
To use the modem as a depth sounder with local logging of serial data (no Iridium link), a full depth
capture window of 4 seconds, transmit lockout of 100 ms, and base64 data for the $CACIR messages,
use the following configuration parameter settings, other settings are ignored for this case:

$CACFG,fathometer.active,0*4D

$CACFG,fathometer.hibernate_after,0*10

$CACFG,fathometer.t0_ms,100*45

$CACFG,fathometer.tcapture_ms,4000*24

$CACFG,fathometer.report_full_window,1*51

$CACFG,fathometer.decimate_by_2,0*7E

$CACFG,fathometer.npings_total,1*70

$CACFG,fathometer.npings_over_iridium,0*25

$CACFG,fathometer.min_dx_m,0*5A

$CACFG,fathometer.diagnostics_over_iridium,0*5C

$CACFG,fathometer.ire_over_iridium,0*56

$CACFG,fathometer.use_base64,1*6B

When ready to ping, set “fathometer.active” to 1

$CCCFG,fathometer.active,1

The modem will send out an FM sweep using the settings defined for a PSK packet probe. After the
lockout period (t0_ms), it will open the detector and record the impulse response for tcapture_ms
milliseconds. At the end of that time, it will issue a report using $CACFT and $CACIR messaging. All
messages are echoed onto uart1 and uart2. If there is a GPS feed , the last reported latitude and
longitude will be reported in the $CACFT message.

$CACFG,fathometer.active,1*4C

$CATXP,2000*70

$CATXF,2000*66

120
$CAXST,6,20180522,184520.000040,3,0,200,1000,3500,-2,17229,16708,19795,0,0,-
1,0*74

$CACFT,2018-05-22T18:45:20.000040Z,41.5244,-70.6711,250,2.0009,32767,0*53

$CACIR,1,7,2018-05-
22T18:45:20.525426Z,100,12,18,AAAAAAEAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQA
BAAEAAgABAAEAAgACAAEA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AEAAAABAAEA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AQABAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAEAAQAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAA,18,AQACAAEAAQABAAEAAQACAAIAAQAAAA
AA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18
,AAAAAAEAAQAAAAEAAgABAAEAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAA
AAAAAAACAAMABAAEAAIAAgABAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AQABAAEAAQABAAEAAQAAAAAA
AAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AQAAAAEAAQABAAAAAAACAAEAAgACA
AIA,8,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,10,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,12
,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,14,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAABAAEAAQABAAEAAgABAAEAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAABAAIA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAA,18,AQABAAEAAAAAAAAAAAACAAMABAADAAIA,18,AQABAAEAAgADAAMABAAEAAUABQAEAAMA,1
8,AQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAA
BAAIAAgACAAIAAQABAAIAAgACAAEA,18,AAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAABAAMA
AwACAAAAAgACAAMAAQAAAAEA,18,AQAAAAAAAQACAAMAAgACAAEAAAAAAAIA,18,AgACAAIAAQABA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAABAAEAAgADAAUABwAHAAgABQAEAAEA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAEA,18,AQABAAEAAQAAAAAAAAABAAMAAgAAAAAA,18,AgADAAYACAAFAAUABwAHAAQAAgAC
AAIA,18,AQABAAEAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEABAADAAEA,
16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAgABAAAA,18,AA
AAAAAAAAABAAIABAAGAAQAAwACAAEA,18,AgABAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AQAAAAA
AAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAADAAQABAADAAIAAwAEAAIAAAAAAAIA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAABAAEAAAAAAAAA,10,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,4,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAA,6,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,8,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAA,10,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,12,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AA,14,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18
,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AQABAAEAA
QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA

121
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,10,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAA,4,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,6,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAA,8,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,10,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
*56

$CACIR,2,7,2018-05-
22T18:45:20.525426Z,100,12,12,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,14,AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAA
A,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAQAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAEA,18,AAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAABAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgABAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18
,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAB
AAEAAQACAAEAAQABAAIAAwADAAIA,18,AgACAAIAAQABAAEAAQABAAEAAQACAAIA,16,AAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQABAAEAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA
AQABAAEA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,1
8,AAABAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAIAAgABAAEA,18,AgACAAIAAgACAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,
18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAEA,18,AQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAEA,18,AQACAAEAAAAAAAAAAAABAAEAAAAAAAAA,18,A
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQA
BAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAABAAEAAQABAAEAAQAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AEAAQABAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AAAAAAMABAACAAMABAABAAAAAAAAAAA
A,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAEAAgACAAEA,16,AAABA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAEAAA

122
ABAAEAAQABAAAAAAAAAAEA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgACAAIAAQAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB
AAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAQABAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAEAA
gACAAEA*5A

$CACIR,3,7,2018-05-
22T18:45:20.525426Z,100,12,18,AQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgADAAEA,16,AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AQABAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAABAAEAAQABAAEA,18,AAABAAEAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgADAAUA,18,BAADAAIAAQAAAAAAAQAD
AAMAAwADAAIA,18,AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAAAA
AAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQABAAEA,18,AQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAwAFAA
YA,18,BAACAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18
,AQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AQAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAABAAEAA
AABAAEAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,16,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,1
8,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEA,18,AQABAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,18,AAA
AAAEAAQABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,0,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
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127
References:
[1] "Micro-Modem Software Interface Guide," Acoustic Communications Group.

Document Revision History:

10 Aug 2017: Merged Micromodem-1 manual with Micromodem-2 manual.

128