Description of the QCD phase diagram through

LSMq and the location of the CEP

A. Ayala ,
1 J. Castaño-Yepes ,
1 J. A. Flores ,
1 S. Hernández-Ortiz1 and L. A. Hernandez 1

1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, México

Effective potential at low temperature Figure 1: Fermion and boson contribution near the phase
Introduction approximation transition at high temperature. These two contribution
For the case of low temperature approximation for the EP balance making the EP flat and resulting in a second order
We use the linear sigma model coupled to quarks (LSMq)
is phase transition.
from the point of view of chiral symmetry restoration to
explore the QCD phase diagram. We compute the proper- 1 2
l 2 2 1
ties of matter contribution beyond mean field considering Veff = − (a + δa )v + (λ + δλ)v4
2 4
the plasma screening. We account two effective potentials   
(EP) for low and high temperature approximation, which ( #
m4i  4πa 2 1
allow us to study the chiral symmetry restoration to iden- − Log   − γE +
 
∑ 64
q
2
tify the phase transition lines as well as the localization of i=σ,π (bµ) + (bµ)2 − m2i
the critical end point (CEP). 2T 4 µ(2(bµ)2 − 5m )
)
1 7π
q
2 2 i
− 2
(bµ)(bµ) − mi −
96π 180 ((bµ)2 − m2) 32
Linear Sigma Model Coupled to i

Quarks
" ! #
4π2a2 1
+NfNc Log p + − γE
( µ2 − (gv)2 + µ)2 2
The LSMq is given by the Lagrangian
1 1 a 2 λ 2 22
( p Figure 2: Fermion and boson contribution near the phase
L = (∂µσ) + (∂µπ) + (σ + π ) − (σ + π )
2 2 2 2 µ µ2 − (gv)2(2µ2 − 5(gv)2) 1 2 p 2
2 2 2 4 +NfNc + T µ µ − (gv) 2 transition at low temperature. These two contributions
24π2 6
µ
+iψγ ∂µψ − gψ(σ + iγ5τ · π)ψ (1) produce a barrier between each degenerate minima result-
ing in a first order phase transition.
)
where ψ is a SU(2) isospin doublet, σ is an isospin singlet 7πT 22 µ(2µ2) − 5(gv)2
+ 3
. (5)
and π is an isospin triplet. The λ and g are the boson and 360 (µ2 − (gv)2) 2
fermion self-coupling respectively and a2 is the mass pa- In this approximation the boson chemical potential µb is re-
µb
rameter. We let sigma field develop a vacuum expectation lated to the quark chemical potential (µ = 3µq) as b = µq .
value v that becomes our order parameter of the theory This chemical potential µb provides the information for
and then we shift the field as σ + v. As a result, we obtain the number average of particles interacting between both
the vaccum mass of the three pions, sigma and the quarks phases at high densities.
m2σ = 3λv2 − a2, m2π = λv2 − a2,
mf = gv, (2) Coupling Constants
where mσ = 450Mev, mπ = 140Mev and mf = 300.
The parameters λ and g are determined by a system of
Effective Potentials equations using the vacuum pion mass and the derivatives
of EP at low and high temperature approximation. More-
We take two EPs: at high temperature approximation and over the values for the vacuum stability δa2, δλ, δ(Ha)2
Figure 3: QCD phase diagram with the physical vacuum
at low temperature approximation. For the former we com- and δ(Hλ) for each approximation respectively are com-
pion mass, 0.77 < λ < 0.86, 1.53 < g < 1.63 and µq = µb.
pute the self-energy at finite temperature and chemical po- puted in the same system. Likewise the value of the other
The band upper line is computed with T0c(µq = 0) = 175
tential with µ ∼ 0 up to ring diagrams and for the latter, minimun of EP at low temperature approximation are ob-
MeV and µq(T = 0) = 350 MeV and the lower line with
we consider T ∼ 0 until 1-loop correction. In addition, the tained. The system of equations have the next expression:
−1 T0c(µq = 0) = 165 MeV and µq(T = 0) = 330 MeV. The CEP
scale mass renormalization is fixed at m̂ = e 2 a and the l
dVeff l
dVeff is located at 315 < µCEP < 349 and 18 < T CEP < 45.
vacuum stability is computed for both EPs. Finally, the |v=0,T =0,µ=µc = |v=v1,T =0,µ=µc = 0
dv dv
calculations are performed with Nf = 2 flavours and three
colours Nc = 3. l
Veff l
(0, 0, µc) = Veff (v1, 0, µc) (6)
Effective potential at high temperature Conclusions
approximation d2Veff
h
2
2
|v=vv0 ,T =Tc,µ=0 = [m π(v) + Π(T, µ)]|v=0,T =Tc,µ=0 = 0
dv
The EP at high temperature approximation is given by the (7) • In this work we have used LSMq to explore the QCD
expression where Tc = 170Mev, v1 is the other minimum of the effec- phase diagram from the point of view of chiral
1 2 2 2 1 tive potential at low temperature approximation, µc ∼ 340 symmetry restoration.
Veff = − (a + δ(Ha) )v + (λ + δ(Hλ))v4 −
h
2 ! 4 " !MeV and the v0 is the expectation value of sigma. • We have computed the finite temperature EP up to
 4 
a2 (gv)4 4π2a2

mi 1 the contribution of the ring diagrams to account for
∑ 64π2 ln 4πT 2 + 2 −γE +NcNf 16π2 ln (gv)2
i=σ,π the plasma screening effects and have introduced a
1
  2 2
T mi π T2 2 T  2
3
 QCD Phase Diagram quark and a boson chemical potentials.
+ −γE + ∑ − − (mi) +Π(T, µ) 2
2 i=σ,π 24 90 12π • The CEP location corresponds to low temperatures
" !#
and high values of the quark chemical potential.
p
T
Z ∞
k 2 + (gv)2 − µ
− 2 k2 1 + Exp − (3)
π 0 T

The self-energy is Π(T, µ) = Πb(T ) + Πf(T, µ) where Πb(T ) *

and Πf(T, µ) are the boson and fermion self-energies re-
spectively. The final the expression is References
[1] A. Ayala, L. Hernández, S. Hernández Ortíz, e-print
λT 2 g2T 2
 
NcNf µ −µ
Π[T, µ] =
2
+−
π 2
Li2(−e T ) + Li2(−e T ) arXiv: arXiv:1710.09007 [hep-ph].
[2] A. Ayala, L. Hernández, S. Hernández Ortíz, J. A.
|{z} | {z }
boson fermion
(4) Flores. EPJ Web Conf. 172 (2018) 08002.

XVIII Mexican School of Particles and Fields (MSPF) 21-27 October 2018, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico