BCA Computer Network Exam 2019-20
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Ajay PrajapttyBCA Computer Network Exam 2019-20
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Ajay PrajapttyCommon questions
Powered by AIThe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) necessary to establish a T1 carrier depends on factors such as the bandwidth, interference levels, and the quality of the communication medium. For a 0-kHz line, a high SNR, typically around 83 dB, is required to ensure that the signal's power comfortably surpasses the noise level, providing clear and reliable transmission .
Contention-based access control methods, such as those used in wireless LANs, allow devices to contend or compete for access to the communication medium. These methods operate by detecting whether the medium is free and attempting to access it when it is idle. This approach can be advantageous as it is simple, does not require coordination or tokens, and quickly adapts to changing network conditions, potentially offering more equitable channel access among devices if managed effectively .
Slotted ALOHA divides time into discrete slots and requires all users to have synchronized clocks, ensuring that transmissions commence at the beginning of a time slot. This synchronization reduces collision possibility compared to its unslotted counterpart by ensuring that packets are only sent at the beginning of a defined time period, hence increasing overall network efficiency .
Entropy is crucial because it quantitatively measures the uncertainty or unpredictability of information content in a system of symbols. Higher entropy means higher disorder and less predictability, which is fundamental when analyzing communication systems, as it directly impacts the efficiency and reliability of data transmission .
The stop-and-wait ARQ protocol employs error detection mechanisms where the receiver checks incoming data for errors. If an error is detected in data frame 1, the receiver sends a Negative Acknowledgement (NAK 1) back to the sender, prompting a retransmission of the erroneous frame. This method ensures data integrity by sequentially correcting errors as they are detected before proceeding .
In a token passing bus network, the network can be expanded in-service, maintaining operation without interruptions, and there is the possibility of having an unlimited number of stations. This scalability is achieved by effectively managing access to the network, preventing data collisions, and providing an organized way for data packets to be transmitted sequentially across the network .
The 'go-back-n' ARQ protocol manages retransmissions by sending a Negative Acknowledgment (NAK) when an error is detected, leading to the retransmission of the erroneous frame as well as all subsequent frames sent since the last successfully acknowledged frame. While this can ensure data reliability, it may decrease network efficiency due to redundant retransmissions, increasing the load and potential for congestion .
Manchester coding is highly efficient for signal transmission as it inherently provides synchronization without requiring additional synchronization bits. The code transitions at the midpoint of each bit period, which serves both as a clock signal and data, ensuring that the receiver can maintain proper synchronization by detecting these transitions, thus facilitating accurate data interpretation .
A simplex communication system involves unidirectional data flow, meaning data is transmitted in only one direction. In contrast, a half-duplex system allows bi-directional communication but not simultaneously, requiring a switch between sending and receiving modes. Full-duplex systems, conversely, support simultaneous two-way communication, enabling more efficient and dynamically responsive communications .
Sliding window protocol maximizes data transmission efficiency by allowing a sender to send multiple frames before needing acknowledgment for the first one, thereby utilizing the network resources efficiently. The window size is determined by the number of sequence bits. For a 4-bit sequence numbering, the maximum window size is 15, allowing 15 frames to be sent before needing an acknowledgment .
