RCS-931_MY

Line Differential Relay

Instruction Manual

NR Electric Co., Ltd.

 RCS-931_MY Line Differential Relay

Preface

Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.

Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.

Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.

This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.

Health and safety

The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.

When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.

Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.

Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.

Qualified personnel are individuals who:

z Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;

z Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;

z Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;

z Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

Instructions and Warnings

The following indicators and standard definitions are used:

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DANGER means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will
occur if safety precautions are disregarded.

WARNING means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur
if safety precautions are disregarded.

CAUTION means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety
precautions are disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to
resulting damage of the protected equipment.

WARNING!

The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.

WARNING!

During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.

Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.

In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.

DANGER!

Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.

WARNING!

z Exposed terminals

Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous

z Residual voltage

Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.

CAUTION!

z Earth

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The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed

z Operating environment

The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.

z Ratings

Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.

z Printed circuit board

Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.

z External circuit

When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.

z Connection cable

Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.

Copyright
Software Version: RCS-931_MY V4.00 NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Release: R2.01 69 Suyuan Avenue. Jiangning, Nanjing 211102，China
Tel: 86-25-87178185, Fax: 86-25-87178208
P/N: EN_XLBH0104.0060.1204
Website: www.nari-relays.com
Copyright © NR 2010. All rights reserved
Email: [email protected]

We reserve all rights to this document and to the information

contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and
dissemination to third parties is strictly forbidden except where
expressly authorized.

The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically,

and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or
improvement are greatly appreciated.
We reserve the rights to make technical improvements without
notice.

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Table of Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... i 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................ i 

Health and safety ................................................................................................................... i 

Instructions and Warnings .................................................................................................... i 

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... iv 

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 

1.1 Application ...................................................................................................................... 1 

1.2 Function........................................................................................................................... 2 

1.3 Features ........................................................................................................................... 4 

Chapter 2 Technical Data ......................................................................................................... 5 

2.1 Atmospheric Environment Tests ................................................................................... 5 

2.2 Electrical Specifications................................................................................................. 5 

2.2.1 Analog input ratings ................................................................................................ 5 

2.2.2 Power supply ............................................................................................................ 6 

2.2.3 Binary input .............................................................................................................. 6 

2.2.4 Binary output ............................................................................................................ 6 

2.2.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler.................................................................. 7 

2.3 Mechanical Specifications ............................................................................................. 7 

2.4 Communication Port....................................................................................................... 7 

2.4.1 Communication Port with Auxiliary Software ........................................................ 8 

2.4.2 Communication Port for Print ................................................................................. 9 

2.4.3 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization .......................................................................... 9 

2.5 Terminals ......................................................................................................................... 9 

2.6 Type Tests........................................................................................................................ 9 

2.6.1 Environmental tests ................................................................................................. 9 

2.6.2 Mechanical tests..................................................................................................... 10 

2.6.3 Electrical tests ........................................................................................................ 10 

2.6.4 Electromagnetic compatibility .............................................................................. 10 

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2.7 Certifications ................................................................................................................. 11 

2.8 Protective Functions .................................................................................................... 11 

2.8.1 Accurate operating scope ..................................................................................... 11 

2.8.2 General error of analog input metering ................................................................ 11 

2.8.3 Differential protection optical interface................................................................ 12 

2.8.4 Operating time ........................................................................................................ 12 

2.8.5 Fault detector ......................................................................................................... 12 

2.8.6 DPFC distance protection...................................................................................... 12 

2.8.7 Current Differential Protection .............................................................................. 12 

2.8.8 Distance protection ................................................................................................ 13 

2.8.9 Zero sequence overcurrent protection................................................................. 13 

2.8.10 Definite-time phase overcurrent protection ....................................................... 13 

2.8.11 Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection ........................................................ 13 

2.8.12 Overload alarm ..................................................................................................... 13 

2.8.13 Transient overreach ............................................................................................. 14 

2.8.14 Fault locator .......................................................................................................... 14 

2.8.15 Auto-reclosing ...................................................................................................... 14 

2.8.16 Time synchronization .......................................................................................... 14 

Chapter 3 Protection Description ......................................................................................... 15 

3.1 General Fault Detection (GFD) ..................................................................................... 15 

3.1.1 DPFC overcurrent fault detector ........................................................................... 15 

3.1.2 Zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector ........................................................... 15 

3.1.3 Circuit breaker pole discrepancy fault detector .................................................. 16 

3.1.4 Auxiliary voltage fault detector ............................................................................. 16 

3.1.5 Transfer trip fault detector ..................................................................................... 17 

3.1.6 Overload fault detector .......................................................................................... 17 

3.2 Protective Fault Detection (PFD) ................................................................................. 17 

3.3 Protection Algorithm .................................................................................................... 17 

3.3.1 DPFC distance protection...................................................................................... 17 

3.3.2 Current differential protection .............................................................................. 18 

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3.3.3 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection................................................................ 37 

3.3.4 Phase Overcurrent Protection .............................................................................. 38 

3.3.5 Distance Protection ................................................................................................ 39 

3.3.6 Thermal Overload ................................................................................................... 51 

3.4 Fault Phase Selection ................................................................................................... 52 

3.4.1 Current differential fault phase selection element .............................................. 52 

3.4.2 Deviation of operation voltage fault phase selection element ........................... 52 

3.4.3 I0 and I2A fault phase selection element.............................................................. 53 

3.5 Pole Discrepancy (PD) state ........................................................................................ 54 

3.5.1 PD State caused by Single pole tripping .............................................................. 54 

3.5.2 PD State caused by Three poles tripping ............................................................. 55 

3.6 Switch onto fault (SOTF) .............................................................................................. 55 

3.7 Tripping Scheme ........................................................................................................... 57 

3.8 Auto-Reclosing ............................................................................................................. 61 

3.8.1 General description................................................................................................ 61 

3.8.2 Design ..................................................................................................................... 61 

3.8.3 Auto-reclosing ready ............................................................................................. 61 

3.8.4 Synchronism check and energizing check .......................................................... 61 

3.8.5 Reclosing time delay.............................................................................................. 62 

3.8.6 Dwell time ............................................................................................................... 62 

3.8.7 Lockout ................................................................................................................... 62 

3.8.8 Scheme logic .......................................................................................................... 63 

3.9 Transfer Trip And Transfer Signal ............................................................................... 67 

3.9.1 Transfer Trip ........................................................................................................... 68 

3.9.2 Transfer signal ........................................................................................................ 68 

Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision ......................................................................................... 71 

4.1 General Description ...................................................................................................... 71 

4.2 Relay Self-supervision ................................................................................................. 71 

4.2.1 Relay hardware monitoring ................................................................................... 71 

4.2.2 Fault detection monitoring .................................................................................... 71 

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4.2.3 Check Output tripping circuit ................................................................................ 71 

4.2.4 Check setting .......................................................................................................... 71 

4.2.5 Binary input monitoring......................................................................................... 72 

4.3 AC Input Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 72 

4.3.1 Voltage and current drift monitoring and auto adjusting .................................... 72 

4.3.2 DSP sampling monitoring ..................................................................................... 72 

4.3.3 CPU sampling monitoring ..................................................................................... 72 

4.4 Secondary Circuit Monitoring...................................................................................... 72 

4.4.1 Opto-coupler power monitoring ........................................................................... 72 

4.4.2 Circuit breaker monitoring .................................................................................... 72 

4.4.3 Bus VT circuit failure detection ............................................................................ 73 

4.4.4 Line voltage circuit failure supervision ................................................................ 74 

4.4.5 CT circuit failure detection .................................................................................... 74 

4.5 Communication Channel Supervision ........................................................................ 75 

4.6 Differential Protection Supervision ............................................................................. 75 

4.7 Differential Current Supervision .................................................................................. 75 

4.8 Thermal Overload Detection ........................................................................................ 76 

4.9 Handing the Alarms ...................................................................................................... 76 

Chapter 5 Metering and Recording ....................................................................................... 79 

5.1 Metering Function ......................................................................................................... 79 

5.2 Recording Function ...................................................................................................... 80 

5.2.1 General description................................................................................................ 80 

5.2.2 Event Recorder ....................................................................................................... 80 

5.2.3 Fault recording ....................................................................................................... 81 

Chapter 6 Hardware Description ........................................................................................... 83 

6.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 83 

6.2 Plug-in Modules ............................................................................................................ 84 

6.2.1 DC power supply module (#1 PWR)...................................................................... 84 

6.2.2 AC input module (#2 AI) ......................................................................................... 85 

6.2.3 Low-pass filter module (#3 LPF) ........................................................................... 86 

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6.2.4 Module CPU (#4 CPU) ............................................................................................ 86 

6.2.5 Communication interface module (#5 COM) ........................................................ 87 

6.2.6 Opto-coupler module (DC 220/110V) (#6 BI) ........................................................ 90 

6.2.7 Opto-coupler module (DC 220/110 Option) (#7 BI) .............................................. 92 

6.2.8 Signal relay module (#8 SIG) ................................................................................. 94 

6.2.9 Output relay module (#9 BO) ................................................................................. 95 

6.2.10 Output relay module (#A BO) .............................................................................. 96 

6.2.11 Output relay module (#B BO) .............................................................................. 97 

6.2.12 Output relay module (#C~D Extended BO module)........................................... 98 

Chapter 7 Settings................................................................................................................ 101 

7.1 Equipment Settings .................................................................................................... 101 

7.2 Communication Settings............................................................................................ 101 

7.3 System Settings .......................................................................................................... 104 

7.4 Protection Settings ..................................................................................................... 105 

7.4.1 Settings Description ............................................................................................ 109 

7.5 Logic Settings ............................................................................................................. 114 

7.5.1 Logic Settings Description .................................................................................. 118 

7.6 Virtual binary input Settings ...................................................................................... 124 

Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface .................................................................................. 127 

8.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................... 127 

8.1.1 Keyboard............................................................................................................... 128 

8.1.2 LED Indicator ........................................................................................................ 129 

8.1.3 Communication Port ............................................................................................ 130 

8.2 Menu Tree .................................................................................................................... 130 

8.2.1 Menu Overview ..................................................................................................... 130 

8.2.2 VALUES ................................................................................................................. 133 

8.2.3 REPORT ................................................................................................................ 133 

8.2.4 PRINT .................................................................................................................... 134 

8.2.5 SETTINGS ............................................................................................................. 135 

8.2.6 LOCAL CTRL ........................................................................................................ 135 

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8.2.7 CLOCK .................................................................................................................. 135 

8.2.8 VERSION ............................................................................................................... 135 

8.2.9 LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................... 135 

8.2.10 TEST MODE ........................................................................................................ 136 

8.3 LCD Display Description ............................................................................................ 136 

8.3.1 Normal Conditions Display ................................................................................. 136 

8.3.2 Display Fault Report ............................................................................................ 137 

8.3.3 Display Self-supervision Report ......................................................................... 138 

8.3.4 Display Binary Input Change Report .................................................................. 138 

8.3.5 Display Binary Output Report ............................................................................. 138 

8.3.6 Display Control Report ........................................................................................ 138 

8.4 Keypad Operation Instructions.................................................................................. 139 

8.4.1 View Device Status ............................................................................................... 139 

8.4.2 View Device Report .............................................................................................. 139 

8.4.3 Print Device Report .............................................................................................. 139 

8.4.4 Print Device Settings ........................................................................................... 141 

8.4.5 View Device Settings ........................................................................................... 142 

8.4.6 Modify Device Settings ........................................................................................ 142 

8.4.7 Copy Device Settings........................................................................................... 144 

8.4.8 Switch Device Settings Group ............................................................................ 145 

8.4.9 Delete Device Report ........................................................................................... 146 

8.4.10 Modify Device Clock .......................................................................................... 146 

8.4.11 Check Software Version ..................................................................................... 147 

8.4.12 Select Display Language ................................................................................... 147 

8.4.13 Communication Test .......................................................................................... 147 

Chapter 9 Communications ................................................................................................. 149 

9.1 General Description .................................................................................................... 149 

9.2 Rear Communication Port Information ..................................................................... 149 

9.2.1 RS-485 Interface ................................................................................................... 149 

9.2.2 Ethernet Interface ................................................................................................. 151 

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9.2.3 IEC60870-5-103 Communication ......................................................................... 152 

9.3 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port ................................................................ 152 

9.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer .................................................................. 152 

9.3.2 Initialization .......................................................................................................... 152 

9.3.3 Time Synchronization .......................................................................................... 153 

9.3.4 Spontaneous Events ............................................................................................ 153 

9.3.5 General Interrogation ........................................................................................... 153 

9.3.6 Generic Service .................................................................................................... 153 

9.3.7 Disturbance Records ........................................................................................... 154 

9.4 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet.................................................................... 154 

9.5 Messages Description for IEC61850 Protocol .......................................................... 154 

9.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 154 

9.5.2 Communication profiles ...................................................................................... 155 

9.5.3 Server data organization ..................................................................................... 156 

9.5.4 Server features and configuration ...................................................................... 158 

9.5.5 ACSI Conformance ............................................................................................... 160 

9.5.6 Logical Nodes ....................................................................................................... 164 

Chapter 10 Installation and Commissioning ...................................................................... 167 

10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 167 

10.2 Safety Information .................................................................................................... 167 

10.3 Overview .................................................................................................................... 169 

10.4 Unpacking And Checking The Protection Equipment ........................................... 169 

10.5 Installing The Protection Equipment....................................................................... 170 

10.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................. 170 

10.5.2 Dimensions ......................................................................................................... 171 

10.5.3 Grounding Guidelines........................................................................................ 171 

10.5.4 Cubicle Grounding ............................................................................................. 172 

10.5.5 Ground Connection on the Device ................................................................... 173 

10.5.6 Grounding Strips and their Installation ............................................................ 173 

10.5.7 Making the electrical connections .................................................................... 174 

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10.5.8 Typical Wiring ..................................................................................................... 175 

10.6 Check The External Circuitry ................................................................................... 178 

10.7 Energizing the Protection Equipment ..................................................................... 178 

10.8 Setting The Protection Equipment .......................................................................... 179 

10.9 Establishing Connection And Verifying Communication ...................................... 180 

10.10 Verifying settings by secondary injection ............................................................ 180 

10.10.1 Insulation test (if required) .............................................................................. 181 

10.10.2 AC measurement check ................................................................................... 182 

10.10.3 Binary input check ........................................................................................... 182 

10.10.4 Print fault report ............................................................................................... 182 

10.10.5 On-load Checks ................................................................................................ 183 

10.11 Final Check .............................................................................................................. 183 

Chapter 11 Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 185 

11.1 Appearance Check .................................................................................................... 185 

11.2 Failure Tracing And Repair ....................................................................................... 185 

11.3 Replace Failed Modules ........................................................................................... 186 

11.4 Replace Button Battery ............................................................................................ 187 

11.5 Cleaning ..................................................................................................................... 187 

11.6 Storage....................................................................................................................... 187 

Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal ...................................................................... 189 

12.1 Decommissioning ..................................................................................................... 189 

12.2 Disposal ..................................................................................................................... 189 

Chapter 13 Manual Version History .................................................................................... 191 

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 Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Application
The RCS-931 relay is a digital EHV line differential protection with the main and back-up protection
functions, which is mainly designed for transmission line of 132KV and higher voltage class.

The main protection of RCS-931 relay comprises of segregated phase current differential
protection and zero-sequence current differential protection, which can clear the fault without
delay for the whole line. DPFC distance protection can reach to extremely fast speed for the fault
near the busbar.

The back-up protection of RCS-931 relay comprises of three zones phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground distance protection, four stages directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
and two stage of non-directional phase overcurrent protection. Specially, one zone reversal
distance protection and inverse-time overload for alarming and tripping are also provided.
RCS-931 relay can implement single-phase or three-phases trip and configure auto-reclosing that
can implement 1-pole reclosing, 3-poles reclosing and 1/3-pole reclosing for single busbar and
double-busbar.

Figure 1.1-1 Functional diagram of RCS-931

Where:

87L: Phase segregated current differential protection

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21P: Phase-to-phase distance protection

21G: Phase-to-Ground distance protection

21R: Reversal distance protection

21D: DPFC distance protection

49: Inverse Time overload to trip or alarm

50G: Ground instantaneous overcurrent protection

51G: Ground time overcurrent protection

67G: Directional ground overcurrent protection

51P: Phase overcurrent protection

79: Auto-reclosing

25: Synchrocheck

PSBR: Power swing blocking releasing

FR: Fault recorder

FL: Fault locator

Note!

50/51G is derived from 67G via disabling the direction element.

1.2 Function
1. Main protection

„ Current differential protection (87)

z DPFC current differential element

z Steady-state current differential element

z Zero-sequence current differential element

„ DPFC distance protection (21D)

Note!

DPFC is the abbreviation of “Deviation of Power Frequency Componet”. In case of a fault

in the power system, the fault current consists of three parts: the power frequency

components before the fault, the power frequency variables during the fault and the

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 Chapter 1 Introduction

transient variables during the fault. DPFC is the power frequency variables during the

fault.

2. Backup protection

„ Three-zone phase-to-phase distance protection (21P)

„ Three-zone phase-to-ground distance protection (21G)

„ Reversal distance protection (21R)

„ Four-stage directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection (67G, 50G, 51G)

„ Two-stage non-directional phase overcurrent protection (51P)

„ Inverse-time overload function for alarming or tripping (49)

„ Power swing blocking function (68)

„ Voltage and current drift auto regulation

3. Additional function

„ synchro-checking (25)

„ Auto-reclosing function (79)

„ Self diagnostic test

„ Fault Recorder including 256 event reports and 6 oscillograms (The format of recorded
oscillogram is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)

„ Fault locator

„ GPS clock synchronization - second pulse, minute pulse, RS-485 difference level and IRIG-B
synchronization

„ High-speed 64 Kbit/s PCM channel or dedicated optical fiber channel for differential protection
data exchanging

„ CTS

„ VTS

„ Line VTS

4. COMMUNICATIONS

„ 2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol

„ 1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock synchronization

„ 1 RS-232 or RS-485 (can be set by jumper) communication rear ports for printer

„ 1 RS-232 communication faceplate port for testing and setting

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„ 4 optional Ethernet ports, IEC 61850, or IEC 60870-5-103 over TCP/IP

1.3 Features
„ Quickly clearing the internal fault for whole line,

Less than 10 ms for fault which is near the busbar

Less than 15ms for fault which is in the center of line

Less than 25ms for fault which is in the remote end

„ Two independent data acquisition paths, one for fault detector element and another for
protections and logic functions, to prevent any undesired trip.

„ Optical fiber data exchange between terminal equipment at 64kbit/s.

„ The CT ratio of two terminals could be different. Different ratio of various CT on each terminal
can be regulated by configurable coefficients in software.

„ The communication channel can be monitored automatically. Bit error rate could be displayed
online. Differential protection will be blocked during channel failure.

„ The relay can receive tripping command from the opposite terminal protection and transmit
tripping command to the opposite terminal protection via fiber optical channel.

„ Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.

„ 24 samples per cycle, all task including data measurement, protection calculation, logic
discrimination, event recording and protection logic calculation can be done within one
sampling period.

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 Chapter 2 Technical Data

Chapter 2 Technical Data

2.1 Atmospheric Environment Tests

Standard IEC60255-6:1988
Recommended
temperature during -10°C to +55°C
service
Specified service
-25°C to +55°C
temperature range
Transport and
storage temperature -40°C to +70°C
range
Permissible
5%-95%, condensation not permissible
humidity

2.2 Electrical Specifications

2.2.1 Analog input ratings
1. Analog voltage

Rated Voltage Vn 110 V / 3

Linear to 100V
Thermal withstand
capability
-continuously 120V
-10s 200V
Burden at rated < 0.2 VA at Un

2. Analog current

Per IEC 60255-27:2007

Phase rotation: A, B and C
Nominal frequency: 50, 60Hz±10%
Rated Current 1A 5A
Linear to 30A 150A
(non-offset AC current) (non-offset AC current)
Thermal withstand
capability
-continuously 3In 3In
-for 10s 30In 30In
-for 1s 100In 100In
-for half a cycle 250In 250In

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Burden < 0.2VA/phase @ 1A < 0.5VA/phase @ 5A

2.2.2 Power supply

Rated Voltage 24VDC, 110VDC, 125VDC, 220VDC, 250VDC
Variation (80%-120%)Un
Ripple in the DC Max 15% of the DC value. Per IEC 60255-11
auxiliary voltage
Power supply Bridging time ≥ 20ms during failure/short circuit
interruption of auxiliary voltage at Vdc ≥ 110V, without de-energizing.
Per IEC 61000-4-11:1994
Voltage dips
60%/100ms

Per IEC 61000-4-11

Burden
-Quiescent condition <25W
-Operating condition <55W
-Additions for 0.23W(110VDC)
energized binary
input, per opt input
Power-up Time <10s
Backup battery type ML2032, 3V, 65mAh

2.2.3 Binary input

Rated Voltage (Un) 110VDC 125VDC 220VDC 250VDC
Maximal pickup
70%Un
voltage
Minimum dropout
55%Un
voltage
Maximum
150V 150V 300V 300V
permissible voltage
Withstand 2000VAC
Resolving time for
1ms
logic input
Maximal put through
<3mA
current

2.2.4 Binary output

Item Tripping contact Signal contact
Continuous carry 8A 5A
Pickup time
5/10ms 10/15ms
(Typical/Max)
Dropout time
8ms/10ms 8ms/10ms
(Typical/Max)

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Bounce time 1ms

Breaking capacity at 0.4A resistance 0.2A resistance
250Vdc 0.2A inductive (L/R=40ms) 0.05A inductive (L/R=40ms)
Durability
Loaded contact 100,000 operations minimum
Unloaded contact 10,000,000 operations minimum
Output mode Potential free contact
Making capacity >1000W at L/R=40ms

Max system voltage 250VAC/DC

Test voltage across
1000VAC RMS for 1min
open contact
Short duration
50A
current (200ms)

2.2.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler

2.3 Mechanical Specifications

Enclosure
482.6mm(W)×177 mm(H)×291 mm(D)
dimensions
Mounting Way Flush mounted
Trepanning
450mm(W)×179mm(H)，M6 screw
dimensions
Case color Silver grey
Weight of the relay Approx. 20kg
Display language English
Housing material Aluminum
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Enclosure class
Standard Per IEC60529:1989
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (Flush mounted)
Sides of the case IP30
Rear side,
connection IP20
terminals

2.4 Communication Port

Port number 2
Baud rate 4800bps~57600bps
RS-485 Transmission distance <1000m@4800bps
Electrical
(EIA) Maximal capacity 32
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997

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Chapter 2 Technical Data

Safety level Isolation to ELV level

Port number 2
Connector type ST
Baud rate 4800bps~57600bps
Transmission standard 100Base-FX
Transmission distance <1500m
Optical
Optical fibre type Multi-mode fibre
(Optional)
Wave length 850/820nm
62.5/125μm (core DIA/cladding
Fibre size
DIA)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Port number 2
Connector type RJ-45
Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 100Base-TX
Electrical
Transmission distance <100m
IEC 60870-5-103: 1997 or IEC
Protocol
61850
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Port number 2
Connector type SC/ST
Ethernet Transmission rate 100Mbits
Transmission standard 100Base-TX
Transmission distance <1500m
Optical fibre type Multi-mode or single-mode
Optical
853/1310nm for multi-mode
(Optional) Wave length
1310/1550nm for single-mode
62.5/125μm (core DIA/cladding
Fibre size
DIA)
IEC 60870-5-103: 1997 or IEC
Protocol
61850
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

2.4.1 Communication Port with Auxiliary Software

Port number 1
Local HMI communication
Application
Download protection program
RS-232 (EIA)
Baud rate 4800bps~57600bps
Connector type 9 pin D-type female connector
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

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 Chapter 2 Technical Data

2.4.2 Communication Port for Print

Prot number 1
Baud Rate 4800bps~57600bps
RS-232 (EIA)
Printer type EPSON® 300K printer
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

2.4.3 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization

Port number 1
Transmission distance <500m
RS-485 (EIA) Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

2.5 Terminals
AC Current
1.5mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Heavy duty terminal block
Threated M4 terminals, for crimp terminals
CT inputs have integral safety shorting, upon removal of the terminal block
AC Voltage
1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Threated M4 terminals, for crimp terminals
upon removal of the terminal block
General input/output: Power supply, Output contacts, Binary input and RS485
Threated M4 terminals, for jointing terminals
1.5mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Case Protective Earth Connections
Two rear BVR type yellow and
Green stub connections threated M4
Musted be grounded for safety
Wiring size 4.0mm2 lead
Jointing terminal

2.6 Type Tests

2.6.1 Environmental tests
Dry cold test
Per IEC60068-2-1:1990
Test Ad for 16 h at -25°C
Dry heat test
Per IEC60068-2-2:1974
Test Bd for 16 h at +55°C

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Chapter 2 Technical Data

Damp heat test, cyclic

Per IEC60068-2-30:1980
Test Db Two (12+12) hour cycles 95%RH,+25°C…+55°C

2.6.2 Mechanical tests

Vibration Class I IEC 60255-21-1:1988

Shock and bump Class I IEC 60255-21-2:1988

2.6.3 Electrical tests

Dielectric tests
Per IEC 60255-5:2000
Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Impulse voltage tests
Per IEC60255-5:2000
Test voltage 5kV, unipolar impulses waveform 1.2/50μs,source energy 0.5J
Insulation resistance measurements
Per IEC 60255-5:2000
Isolation resistance >100MΩ, 500Vdc

2.6.4 Electromagnetic compatibility

EMC immunity test level requirements consider the IEC 60255-26
1MHz burst disturbance test
Per IEC 60255-22-1 (idt IEC61000-4-12)
Common mode class III 2.5KV
Differential mode class III 1.0KV
Electrostatic discharge test
Per IEC60255-22-2 class IV
For contact 8kV
discharge
For air discharge 15kV
Radio frequency interference tests
Per IEC 60255-22-3 class III
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated

10V/m (rms), f=80…1000MHz

Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated

10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz

Radiated pulse-modulated

10V/m (rms), f=900MHz

Fast transient disturbance tests
Per IEC 60255-22-4

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 Chapter 2 Technical Data

Power supply, I/O, Class IV, 4kV, 2.5 kHz, 5/50ns

Earth
Communication Class IV, 2kV, 5 kHz, 5/50ns
terminals
Surge immunity test
Per IEC 60255-22-5, 1.2/50us class III
Power supply, AC 2kV, line to earth; 1kV line to line
input, I/O port
Conducted RF Electromagnetic Disturbance
Per IEC 60255-22-6
Power supply, AC, Class III, 10Vrms, 150 kHz~80MHz
I/O, Comm.
Terminal
Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity
Per IEC 61000-4-8:1993
Class 5: 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
Per IEC 61000-4-9:1993
Class 5: 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
IEC 61000-4-10:1993
Class 5: 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m

2.7 Certifications
z ISO9001: 2000

z ISO14001:2004

z OHSAS18001: 1999

z CMMI L3

z ISO10012:2003

z EMC: 89/336/EEC, EN50263:2000

z Products safety(PS): 73/23/EEC, EN61010-1:2001, EN60950:2002

2.8 Protective Functions

2.8.1 Accurate operating scope
Current : 0.05In~30In

Voltage : 0.4V~100V

2.8.2 General error of analog input metering

Current: ≤Max (0.02In, 5%)

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Voltage: ≤Max (0.01Un, 3%)

Accuracy of GPS synchronization : ≤1ms

Resolution of SOE : ≤1ms

2.8.3 Differential protection optical interface

Optic connector : FC/PC

Fiber Optic : Single mode, Rec.G652, 1310nm

Optic emitter : 1310nm FP laser diode

Optic receiver : InGaAs photodiode module

Optic power output: 64kbit/s: -13±2.0dBm, -3±2.0dBm

Receiver sensitivity: 64kbit/s: -38dBm

Maximum transmission distance : 64kbit/s: 90km

2.8.4 Operating time

DPFC distance protection: 3~10ms (nearby), <20ms (remote)

Zone 1 of distance protection: ≈25ms

Stage 1 of zero-sequence overcurrent protection: ≈30ms

Note!

Operating time of output relay is not included.

2.8.5 Fault detector

Setting range of DPFC current fault detector ΔI: 0.02In~30In

Setting range of zero sequence current fault detector: 0.02In~30In

2.8.6 DPFC distance protection

Operation time: <10ms (ΔUOP>2UZ)

Setting range: 0.1Ω~7.5Ω (In = 5A)

0.5Ω~37.5Ω (In =1A)

2.8.7 Current Differential Protection

Current setting accuracy: ≤5% or 0.04In whichever is greater

Operating time of stage 1 of differential protection: <30ms

Operating time of stage 2 of differential protection: <65ms (the fixed 35ms time delay is
included)

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2.8.8 Distance protection

Setting range : 0.01Ω~40Ω (In=5 A)

0.05Ω~200Ω (In=1 A)

Tolerance of impedance setting : Max (0.1Ω, 5%Setting)

Accurate operating voltage : <0.25 V

Min. accurate operating current : 0.1IN

Max. accurate operating current : 30IN

Time delay of zone 2 and zone 3 : 0.00s~100s

Time tolerance: ≤ 1%Setting+40ms

2.8.9 Zero sequence overcurrent protection

Setting range : 0.02In~30In

Tolerance : ≤ Max (0.02In, 5% Setting)

Time delay of stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 : 0.01s~100s

Time tolerance : ≤ 1%Setting+40ms

2.8.10 Definite-time phase overcurrent protection

Setting range: 0.02In~30In

Tolerance : ≤5% or 0.02In whichever is greater

Time delay: 0.01s~100s

Time tolerance : ≤1%Setting+40ms

2.8.11 Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection

Setting range: 0.02In~30In

Tolerance : ≤5% or 0.02In whichever is greater

Time delay: 0.01s~100s

Time tolerance : ≤5% of theoretical value + Max( 2.5 %

current tolerance, 0.02In current tolerance),
at least 40ms

2.8.12 Overload alarm

Setting range of percentage of thermal capacity: 1~3

Setting range of reference current : 0.02In~10In

Time constant : 0.1~100s

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Time tolerance: MAX (10%Setting, 100ms)

2.8.13 Transient overreach

Tolerance for all high-speed protection : ≤5%

2.8.14 Fault locator

Accuracy for multiphase faults with one end source : < 2.5%

Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance or extremely
short line.

2.8.15 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range: 0~90

Voltage difference setting range: 0.01V~60V

Frequency difference setting range: 0.01~1Hz

Item Accuracy
Voltage setting Max(0.01Un,5.0%)
Frequency difference 0.01Hz
Phase difference 2.0Deg
Voltage difference Max(0.01Un,5.0%)
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
t_1P_AR
t_3P _AR
t_PW_AR
t_CBClsd_AR ≤1%Setting+20ms
t_Wait_SynChk_AR
t_Unsuc_AR
t_Reclaim_AR

2.8.16 Time synchronization

Receiving PPS (pulse per second) and PPM (pulse per minute) via external contact

Receiving IRIG-B signal via RS-485

Receiving time synchronization message from substation automatic system

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.1 General Fault Detection (GFD)

Main part of GFD is DPFC overcurrent fault detector element that reflects the deviation of
phase-to-phase power frequency current, and zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector element
that reflects total current is taken as supplementary.

The GFD comprise of the following elements:

„ DPFC overcurrent fault detector element

„ Zero sequence overcurrent fault detector element

„ Circuit breaker pole discrepancy fault detector element

„ Auxiliary voltage fault detector element

„ Transfer trip fault detector element

„ Overload fault detector element

If any of the above fault detection elements operates, the GFD will operate to provide DC power
supply to the output relays to enable the output circuit.

3.1.1 DPFC overcurrent fault detector

DPFC overcurrent fault detector (FD) element adopts adaptive floating threshold which consists of
unbalanced output of deviation. The adaptive floating threshold is kept higher than the unbalanced
output all along, which help make the DPFC overcurrent fault detector element not pick up
frequently and have an extremely high sensitivity and reliability. By using adaptive floating
threshold, under the normal condition the unbalanced output value is small, so the DPFC
overcurrent fault detector element has extremely high sensitivity. When power swing occurs, the
adaptive floating threshold is increased and the sensitivity is decreased automatically, so the
DPFC overcurrent fault detector is not affected by the power swing and does not need to configure
the circuit of power swing blocking.

If operating condition is met, the DPFC overcurrent FD element will operate to provide DC power
supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 7 seconds after the DPFC overcurrent
element drops out.

3.1.2 Zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector

Zero sequence overcurrent FD element will operate when 3I0 and 3I0Cal are both greater than the
setting [I_ROC_FD].

where:

3I0: zero-sequence current derived at the neutral current circuit from three-phase currents

3I0Cal: zero-sequence current calculated depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (i.e.,

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC)

If operating condition is met, the zero-sequence overcurrent FD element will operate to provide DC
power supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 7 seconds after the zero-sequence
overcurrent FD element drops out.

When CT circuit failure is detected (i.e. [Alm_CTS] issued), this element will be disabled.

Note!

The zero-sequence current should be connected to the equipment, otherwise operation of

all relevant protection elements will be blocked.

3.1.3 Circuit breaker pole discrepancy fault detector

The circuit breaker pole discrepancy FD is optional by the logic setting [En_CB_Init_AR]. If the
function is enabled i.e. the logic setting [En_CB_Init_AR] is set to “1”, when the auto-reclosing gets
ready for reclosing circuit breaker, the circuit breaker pole discrepancy FD will operate if the circuit
breaker is tripped undesirably without fault.

If operating condition is met, the circuit breaker pole discrepancy FD element will operate to
provide DC power supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 15 seconds after the
circuit breaker pole discrepancy FD element drops out.

3.1.4 Auxiliary voltage fault detector

Because DPFC overcurrent fault detector element and zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector
element might not operate in some special cases, in order to ensure protective device pick up in
following three conditions, RCS-931_MY provides auxiliary voltage fault detector element.

1) Internal fault associated with high fault resistance

2) In the case of weak infeed, internal unearthing fault

3) In the case of VT circuit failure or no VT connection, internal unearthing fault

Please refer to section 3.3.2.12 about its logic scheme.

If operating condition is met, the auxiliary voltage FD element will operate to provide DC power
supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 7 seconds after auxiliary voltage FD
element drops out.

Note!

Here Un is the rated secondary phase voltage of VT. Unn is the rated secondary

phase-to-phase voltage of VT.

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3.1.5 Transfer trip fault detector

If the logic setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT] is set as “0” and the transfer trip signal received from the
opposite end of line, the transfer trip FD element will operate to provide DC power supply for
output relay, and pickup signal will be kept 500ms after the transfer trip FD element drops out.

3.1.6 Overload fault detector

If the logic setting [En_OvLd2_Trp] is set as “1” and other fault detector elements do not operate,
then if the thermal overload protection tripping signal is issued after the calculated time delay,
overload FD element will operate to provide DC power supply for output relay, and pickup signal
will be kept for 500ms after the overload FD element drops out.

3.2 Protective Fault Detection (PFD)

The protective fault detection element is the same as the general fault detection element.

3.3 Protection Algorithm

3.3.1 DPFC distance protection
When the power system is in fault, the short-circuit current and voltage can be divided into load
current and voltage before the occurance of the fault and faulty component. Only the faulty
component is useful to DPFC distance protection that reflects deviation of power frequency. It is
independent from the power system operation mode and is not affected by load change.

For a forward fault:

Figure 3.3-1 Operation characteristic for forward fault

Figure 3.3-1 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance relay on R-X plane when a
forward fault occurs, which is the circle with the –Zs as the center and the │Zs+Zzd│ as the radius.
When measured impedance Zk is in the circle, the DPFC distance relay will operate. The DPFC

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

distance relay has a large ability to endure fault resistance. When there is infeed current from the
power source on the other end in the fault resistance, the phase of ΔIn is the same as ΔI and the
phase of voltage of fault resistance is the same as ΔI, so the fault resistance appears resistive and
is in parallel with R axes. The overreaching problem that results from infeed current can be
prevented.

For a reverse fault:

jX

Z’s

Zzd

-Zk

Figure 3.3-2 Operation characteristic for forward fault

Figure 3.3-2 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance relay on R-X plane when a
reverse fault occurs, which is the circle with the Z’s as the center and the │Z’s-Zzd│ as the radius.
The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured impedance –Zk is always in the
quadrant 3, so the DPFC distance relay has the definite directionality to prevent from
mal-operation.

Note!

The DPFC distance protection can be disabled by setting virtual binary input [VEBI_DistP]

as “0” and can be enabled by setting virtual binary input [VEBI_DistP] as “1” and setting

the logic setting [En_Z_DPFC] as “1”.

3.3.2 Current differential protection

Current differential protection comprises three parts:

„ DPFC current differential element

„ steady-state current differential element

„ zero-sequence current differential element

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Note!

DPFC current differential relay and steady-state current differential relay can all

implement segregated phase current differential protection.

Figure 3.3-3 2-Terminal application

Common variation explaination:

ICap: The capacitive charging current

[XC1L]: The positive sequence capacitive impedance (It is a setting)

UN: The secondary rated voltage

Φ: Phase A, B or C

[I_H_Diff] : The high setting of current differential protection (It is a setting)

[I_L_Diff] : The low setting of current differential protection (It is a setting)

3.3.2.1 Common current differential element

Operation criteria :

⎧ IDiffΦ > 0.15 × IBiasΦ ⎪⎧I DiffΦ > 0.15 × IBiasΦ

'

⎨ or ⎨ ' Equation 3.3-1

⎩ IDiffΦ > IM ⎪⎩I DiffΦ > IL

Where:

IDiffΦ : The phase differential current ( IDiffΦ = &IMΦ + &INΦ )

IBiasΦ : The phase restraint current ( IBiasΦ = &IMΦ − &INΦ )

I'DiffΦ : The phase differential current compensated by capacitive current

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

1.5U N
IM : Max([I_L_Diff], 1.5 ICap , )
XC1L

0.6UN
IL : Max([I_ROC_FD], 0.6ICap , )
XC1L

3.3.2.2 DPFC current differential element

1. Stage 1

Operation criteria :

⎧ΔIDiffΦ > 0.75 × ΔIBiasΦ

⎨ Equation 3.3-2
⎩ΔIDiffΦ > IH

Where:

ΔIDiffΦ : The DPFC differential current ( ΔIDiffΦ = Δ&IMΦ + Δ&INΦ )

ΔIBiasΦ : The DPFC restraint current ( ΔIBiasΦ = ΔIMΦ + ΔINΦ )

4UN
IH : Max([I_H_Diff], 4ICap , )
XC1L

Figure 3.3-4 Operation characteristic of DPFC current differential element (Stage 1)

Note!

The real capacitive current is the differential current not compensated under normal

condition.

Note!

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Xc1 is the real positive sequence capacitive impedance of line for long transmission line.

4UN
For short transmission line, the real capacitive current and are all small, so the
XC1L

DPFC current differential relay has a high sensitivity. The sensitivity can be decreased by

decreasing Xc1 properly and increasing the setting [I_H_Diff].

2. Stage 2

Operation criteria :

⎧ΔIDiffΦ > 0.75 × ΔIBiasΦ

⎨ Equation 3.3-3
⎩ΔIDiffΦ > IQ

Where:

2.25UN
IQ : Max([I_L_Diff], 2.25ICap , )
XC1L

ΔIDiffΦ and ΔIBiasΦ are the same as those mentioned above.

Figure 3.3-5 Operation characteristic of DPFC current differential element (Stage 2)

When the above criterion is met, the stage 2 of DPFC current differential element will operate after
35ms.

3.3.2.3 Steady-state current differential element

1. Stage 1

Operation criteria :

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⎧IDiffΦ > 0.75 × IBiasΦ

⎨ Equation 3.3-4
⎩IDiffΦ > IH

Where:

IDiffΦ : The phase differential current ( IDiffΦ = &IMΦ + &INΦ )

IBiasΦ : The phase restraint current ( IBiasΦ = &IMΦ − &INΦ )

4UN
IH : Max([I_H_Diff], 4ICap , )
XC1L

Figure 3.3-6 Operation characteristic of steady-state current differential element (Stage 1)

2. Stage 2

Operation criteria :

⎧ IDiffΦ > 0.75 × IBiasΦ

⎨ Equation 3.3-5
⎩ IDiffΦ > IM

Where:

1.5UN
IM : Max([I_L_Diff], 1.5ICap , )
XC1L

IDiffΦ and IBiasΦ are the same as those mentioned above.

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Figure 3.3-7 Operation characteristic of steady-state current differential element (Stage 2)

When the above criterion is met, the stage 2 of steady-state differential current relay will operate
after 40 ms.

3.3.2.4 Zero-sequence current differential element

1. Zero-sequence current differential element with capacitive current compensation

Zero-sequence differential current element is sensitive to high resistance ground fault.

operation criteria :

⎧I'Diff0 > 0.75 × IBias0

⎪'
⎪I Diff0 > IFd0
⎨' Equation 3.3-6
⎪I DiffΦ > 0.15 × IBiasΦ
⎪'
⎩I DiffΦ > IL

Where:

I' Diff0 : The zero-sequence differential current compensated by capacitive current

I' DiffΦ : The phase differential current compensated by capacitive current

IBias0 : The zero-sequence restraint current ( IBias0 = &IM0 − &IN0 )

IFd0 : the zero-sequence overcurrent FD current setting [I_ROC_FD]

0.6UN
IL : Max([I_ROC_FD], 0.6ICap , )
XC1L

IBiasΦ is the same to those mentioned above

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Figure 3.3-8 Operation characteristic of zero-sequence current differential element (Stage 1)

2. Zero-sequence current differential element without capacitive current compensation

If the alarm, [Alm_VTS] or [Alm_Xc], is issued, the capacitive current compensation will be
disabled automatically. The operation criterion is changed to:

⎧IDiff0 > 0.75 × IBias0

⎪
⎪IDiff0 > IFd0
⎨ Equation 3.3-7
⎪IDiffΦ > 0.15 × IBiasΦ
⎪IDiffΦ > IM
⎩

1.5UN
IM : max([I_L_Diff], 1.5ICap , )
XC1L

IDiff0 , IBias0 , IDiffΦ and IBiasΦ are the same to those mentioned above

Figure 3.3-9 Operation characteristic of zero-sequence current differential element (Stage 2)

When the above criterion is met, the zero sequence differential current relay will operate after 100
ms.

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3.3.2.5 Capacitive current compensation

For the long transmission line, because capacitive current of line is very large, the sensitivity of
zero-sequence current differential element is not enough for the ground fault associated with fault
resistance. In order to increase the sensitivity, the capacitive current compensation is applied in
the zero-sequence current differential element. The compensative capacitive current is
⎡ U − UM0 UM0 ⎤ ⎡ UNΦ − UN0 UN0 ⎤
ICΦ = ⎢ MΦ + ⎥ +⎢ + Equation 3.3-8
⎣ 2XC1L 2XC0L ⎦ ⎣ 2XC1L 2XC0L ⎥⎦
UMΦand UM0 are phase voltage and zero sequence voltage in the M terminal. UNΦand UN0 are
phase voltage and zero sequence voltage in the N terminal. [XC1L] and [XC0L] are positive
sequence capacitive impedance and zero sequence capacitive impedance of the whole line.

The compensative capacitive current calculated based on the equation mentioned above is
suitable to normal condition or external fault.

3.3.2.6 CT supervision

If CT circuit failure occurs, delayed alarm will be issued. When CT circuit failure occurs on an end,
the FD and current differential protection on this end might operate at once. However FD on
another end will not operate and not send any permissive signal of current differential relay. So the
current differential protection will not maloperate. Meanwhile the healthy end will issue alarm
signal [Alm_Diff] which will be treated as the same as the alarm [Alm_CTS].

However, if CT circuit failure associated with internal fault or pickup due to system disturbance is
detected, the protective device will show two kinds of behavior.

„ If logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] (differential protection being blocked during CT circuit failure)
is set as “1”, the differential protection will be blocked.

„ If logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] is set as “0” and the differential current of the faulty phase is
more than the differential current setting [I_Diff_CTS] during CT circuit failure, the differential
protection will operate with alarm signal being issued at the same time.

3.3.2.7 CT saturation

The incorrected operationg of current differential protection would occur due to transient CT
saturation at the moment when external fault occurs. Hence, the protective device adopts high
restraint coefficient and self-adaptive floating restraint threshold, which can prevent current
differential protection from mal-operation even in serious saturation case.

3.3.2.8 Synchronism of the sampling

Sampling of the currents on both ends shall be synchronized. One end should be configured as
the master end and the other as the slave end. The end of which setting [ID_Local] is greater than
[ID_Remote] is chosen as a master. The master end sends sampling information to the slave end
in fixed intervals while the slave adjusts its sampling intervals at any time. The slave end sends
three-phase current sampling value to the master if the synchronism condition is met and if not
then the synchronism program is initiated until the synchronism condition is met.

To achieve sampling synchronism for both ends:

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

1) The routine of both direction shall be the same, so the time delays for both directions are the
same.

2) The maximum one-way channel propagation delay shall be less than 15 ms.

3.3.2.9 Communication channel interface

Depending on the difference of the amount of optic fibre core and the distance permitted to
transmit, RCS-931 relay can select two modes including dedicated optical fibre channel and
multiplex channel. The multiplex channel is not recommended unless the receiver power does not
meet the requirement.

The following figures show different application.

1. Dedicated optic fibre channel mode

Figure 3.3-10 The application of dedicated optic fibre channel

2. Multiplex 64Kbit/s channel mode

Figure 3.3-11 The application of multiplex 64Kbit/s channel

3.3.2.10 Communication clock

Data exchange is very important to digital differential protection. RCS-931 relay can use multiplex
PCM (pulse code modulation) channel or dedicated optical fiber channel for data exchanging.

The differential relay sends and receives data based on respective clock, which are called transmit
clock (i.e. clock Tx) and receive clock (i.e. clock Rx) respectively. Clock Rx is fixed to be extracted
from data frame, which can ensure no drop-out data code generated and no receive error data
code received. Clock Tx has two options:

1) Use internal crystal clock, which is called internal clock. (master clock)

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

2) Use clock Rx, which is called external clock. (slave clock)

Depend on the difference of the clock used by the differential relays of the two terminals, there are
three modes.

1. Master-master mode

The RCS-931 relay line differential relays of both the two terminals use internal clock.

Internal clock Internal clock

clock Tx clock Tx

64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s

clock Rx clock Rx

RCS-931 installed on RCS-931 installed on

the end the other end

Figure 3.3-12 Internal clock mode (master-master)

2. Slave-slave mode

The RCS-931 relay line differential relays of both the two-terminals use external clock.

Figure 3.3-13 External clock mode (slave-slave)

3. Master-slave mode

One of them uses internal clock, the other uses external clock. (Not recommended)

Depending on the logic setting [En_InnClock], RCS-931 line differential relay selects the
communication clock mode. The inner clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting
[En_InnClock] is set to “1”. Contrarily, the outer clock is enabled automatically when the logic
setting [En_InnClock] is set to “0”.

If RCS-931 uses multiplex PCM channel, logic setting [En_InnClock] should be set as “0”. If
RCS-931 uses dedicated optical fibre channel, logic setting [En_InnClock] should be set as “1”.

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.3.2.11 Optic fibre interface

The option for optic fibre communication is 1310 nm single-mode. The sending power of optic fibre
interface depends on the option of jumpers.

Table 3-1 The optic fibre interface module of single channel

Propagation speed 64 kbit/s

Jumper option
JP302-OFF -13.0±2.0dBm
JP302-ON -3.0±2.0dBm

Optic connector: FC/PC

Receiver sensitivity: -38dBm

Maximum transmission distance: <90km

Note!

When using dedicated optical fibre channel, if the transmission distance is longer than

50km, the sending power must be enhanced to make receiver power larger than receiver

sensitivity with some margin (3~10 dB) by setting corresponding jumper.

Note!

When transmission distance is longer than 80KM using dedicated optical fibre channel,

please declare it before ordering and it will be considered as special project using

1550nm laser diode.

Note!

When using multiplex channel, jumper needn’t be set and sending power is default.

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.3.2.12 Scheme logic

1. The logic scheme of common current differential element

The current differential protection will be enabled only if virtual binary input [VEBI_DiffP] and logic
setting [En_DiffP] are both set as “1”.
IDiff>[I_Diff_CTS]

[En_CTSBlkDiff] &
≥1
&
[Alm_CTS]
≥1
[Alm_Diff]

Channel abnormality

[VEBI_DiffP]
&
[En_DiffP]
&
VEBI_DiffP_R
≥1 Differential current condition 1
& DiffP_Rmt
En_DiffP_R

&
Common current differential element (Phase A) & Differential current condition 2 (Phase A)

&
Common current differential element (Phase B) & Differential current condition 2 (Phase B)

&
Common current differential element (Phase C) & Differential current condition 2 (Phase C)

Permissive signal from remote end

&
Fault detector

Where:

[VEBI_DiffP]: it is a virtual binary input used to enable differential protection.

[En_DiffP]: it is a logic setting used to enable differential protection.

The logic relation between [VEBI_DiffP] and [En_DiffP] is “AND”.

VEBI_DiffP_R: the value is equal to the virtual binary input [VEBI_DiffP] of the remote end. This
signal can be received through optic fiber.

En_DiffP_R: the value is equal to the logic setting [En_DiffP] of the remote end. This signal can be

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

received through optic fiber.

When virtual binary input [VEBI_DiffP] and logic setting [En_DiffP] of the remote end are both set
as “1”, the value of the signal “DiffP_Rmt” will be “1”.

2. The logic scheme of DPFC differential element (Stage 1)

3. The logic scheme of DPFC differential element (Stage 2)

4. The logic scheme of steady-state differential element (Stage 1)

Differential current condition 2 (Phase A)

& [Op_Stdy_Diff1] (Phase A)
Stage 1 of steady-state current differential element (Phase A)

Differential current condition 2 (Phase B)

& [Op_Stdy_Diff1] (Phase B)
Stage 1 of steady-state current differential element (Phase B)

Differential current condition 2 (Phase C)

& [Op_Stdy_Diff1] (Phase C)
Stage 1 of steady-state current differential element (Phase C)

[En_Stdy_Diff1]

5. The logic scheme of steady-state differential element (Stage 2)

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

6. The logic scheme of zero-sequence differential element (with compensation)

*Zero-sequence current differential element (Phase A)

100ms 0
& [Op_Comp_REF] (Phase A)

*Zero-sequence current differential element (Phase B)

100ms 0
& [Op_Comp_REF] (Phase B)

*Zero-sequence current differential element (Phase C)

100ms 0
& [Op_Comp_REF] (Phase C)

[En_Comp_REF]
&
Capacitive current compensation &

Differential current condition 1

&
Fault detector

Permissive signal from remote end

≥1
3U0>2V

VTS
&
UMin>40V

The zero-sequence current differential element referred to herein (Phase A, phase B and phase C)
has been compensated by capacitive current. (Please refer to Equation 3.3-7)

The condition of capacitive current compensation is met when the following conditions are all met
at the same time.

1) There is no VT circuit failure (VTS) is detected. (Please refer to section 4.4.3)

2) There is no an alarm [Alm_Xc] issued. (Please refer to section 4.5)

3) ICap>0.1IN (ICap=UN/XC1L) ICap is cacpacitive current; XC1L is the setting [XC1L]

4) IDiff>0.1IN (IDiff is differential current)

UMin=Min (UA, UB, UC)

7. The logic scheme of zero-sequence differential element (without compensation)

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

Zero-sequence current differential element (Phase A)

100ms 0
& [Op_REF] (Phase A)

Zero-sequence current differential element (Phase B)

100ms 0
& [Op_REF] (Phase B)

Zero-sequence current differential element (Phase C)

100ms 0
& [Op_REF] (Phase C)

[En_REF]
&

Differential current condition 1

&
Fault detector

Permissive signal from remote end

≥1
3U0>2V

VTS
&
UMin>40V

The zero-sequence current differential element referred to herein (Phase A, phase B and phase C)
has not been compensated by capacitive current. (Please refer to Equation 3.3-8)

8. The logic scheme of intertripping

9. The logic scheme of sending permissive signal

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

3U0>1V
≥1
3U2>6V

UA<0.65UN

UB<0.65UN ≥1 ≥1
&
UC<0.65UN ≥1 Auxiliary voltage condition

UAB<0.65UNN

UBC<0.65UNN ≥1

UCA<0.65UNN

VTS

4Ia<Ioa

4Ib<Iob ≥1

4Ic<Ioc

Permissive signal from remote end

30ms 0
[Alm_Diff] &
≥1
[Alm_CTS]

No current (Phase A)
&
[BI_52b_Pha]=1
CB is open (Phase A)
No current (Phase B)
CB is open (Phase B)
& ≥1 52b
CB is open (Phase C)
[BI_52b_Phb]=1

No current (Phase C)
&
[BI_52b_Phc]=1

Auxiliary voltage condition

52b ≥1

Fault detector

& Permissive signal (Send via channel)

Differential current condition 1

Besides differential current condition 1 must be met, sending permissive signal is determined by
any of conditions below.

1) Auxiliary voltage condition:

„ VT circuit is normal (status of VTS is “0”)

UP<0.65UN or UPP<0.65UNN (UP is phase voltage; UPP is phase-to-phase voltage)

„ VT circuit abnormal (status of VTS is “1”)

Receiving permissive signal from remote end, and

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

Ioa>4Ia or Iob>4Ib or Ioc>4Ic (Ia, b, c is local current, Ioa, ob, oc is remote current), and

No alarms [Alm_CTS] and [Alm_Diff] issued

2) 52b

„ Circuit breaker is open position

3) Pickup

„ Fault detector element operates

10. The logic scheme of fault detector

CB pole discrepancy fault detector element

≥1
Overload fault detector element

ROC fault detector element

≥1
DPFC fault detector element

Auxiliary voltage condition

52b
≥1 Fault detector
Differential current condition 1 &
&
Permissive signal from remote end

Intertripping signal from remote end (Phase A)

&
Phase A of CB is open

Intertripping signal from remote end (Phase B) &

& ≥1
Phase B of CB is open

Intertripping signal from remote end (Phase C)

&
Phase C of CB is open

Pickup of protective device is determined by any of conditions below.

1) DPFC current fault detector element

2) Zero-sequence fault detector element

3) Auxiliary voltage fault detector element

„ Auxiliary voltage distinguish

„ Sending permissive signal in local end

„ Receiving permissive signal from remote end

34 NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD

 Chapter 3 Protection Description

„ Circuit breaker in closed position

4) Transfer trip fault detector element

„ Sending permissive signal in local end

„ Receiving permissive signal from remote end

„ Receiving intertripping signal from remote end

„ Circuit breaker in closed position

5) CB pole discrepancy fault detector element

6) Overload fault detector element

11. The logic scheme of blocking AR and three-phase tripping

12. The logic scheme of phase-segregated intertripping signal

Figure 3.3-14 Logic diagram of current differential protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.

The differential protection consists of six different differential elements:

„ stage 1 and stage 2 of DPFC current differential element

„ stage 1 and stage 2 of steady-state current differential relay

„ zero-sequence current differential element

„ zero-sequence current differential element with capacitive current compensation

They have differential logic settings used to enabled or disable corresponding differential element.
Please to refer Chapter 7 about enabling and disabling of these differential elements. When
operating condition of the differential element is met and relevant logic setting is set as “1”, the
relevant differential element operates and sends a tripping signal.

When a tripping signal is issued by the differential element, in addition to tripping the local circuit

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

breaker, the protective device will send a intertripping signal to the remote device. This will ensure
tripping of both ends of the protected line, even for marginal fault conditions.

„ Intertripping prevents from reclosing onto fault

In order to avoid protective devices on the both ends are relcosed into the fault when a
single-phase permanent earth fault occurs, the protective device at the end of the line, which is
reclosed into the faulty line earlier, trips local circuit breaker at once and transfers the three-phase
intertripping signal to the other device at the opposite end of line, which simultaneously trips the
circuit breaker and blocks auto-reclosing after receiving three-phase intertripping signal.

„ Phase-segregated intertripping

When a fault associated with high resistance occurrs in the outlet of long transmission line, the
protective device at the end of line, which is near the fault, can pick up immediately, but,
considering the influence of a considerable power source, the other device at opposite end of line,
which is far from the fault, can not pick up due to inapparent fault component. In order to avoid this
case, the protective device at the end of the line, which is near the fault, operates (such as
directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating, distance protection operating and so
on) and transfers phase-segregated intertripping signal to the other device at opposite end of line,
which trips corresponding phase of circuit breaker associated with permissive signal and logic
setting [En_RTrValid] set as “1” after receiving phase-segregated intertripping signal.

At one end, CT circuit failure is detected, which maybe leads to fault detector element and
differential element operating, but, on the other end, fault detector element does not operate so
that no permissive signal is issued, which prevents current differential protection maloperation.

However, if CT circuit failure associated with internal fault or pickup due to system disturbance is
detected, the protective device will show two kinds of behavior.

„ If logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] (differential protection being blocked during CT circuit failure)
is set as “1”, the differential protection will be blocked.

„ If logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] is set as “0” and the differential current of the faulty phase is
more than the differential current setting [I_Diff_CTS] during CT circuit failure, the differential
protection will operate with alarm signal being issued at the same time.

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.3.3 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection

3I0 > [I_ROC_FD]

&
3I0Cal > [I_ROC_FD] & Zero sequence forward element

Forward zero sequence power

& Zero sequence reverse element

Reverse zero sequence power

[En_Dir_ROC1]

≥1
&
Stage 1 of Zero sequence
3I0 > [I_ROC1] & overcurrent protection operation
&

[En_Dir_ROC2]

≥1
&
Stage 2 of Zero sequence
3I0 > [I_ROC2] & [t_ROC2]
overcurrent protection operation
&

[En_Dir_ROC3]

≥1
&
Stage 3 of Zero sequence
3I0 > [I_ROC3] & [t_ROC3]
overcurrent protection operation
&

[En_Dir_ROC4]

≥1
&
3I0 > [I_ROC4] & Stage 4 of Zero sequence
[t_ROC4]
overcurrent protection operation
&

[En_ROC_VTS]

& [t_ROC_VTS]
3I0 > [I_ROC_VTS]

VTS ≥1 Overcurrent protection when CTS

I > [I_OC_VTS] & [t_OC_VTS]

[En_OC_VTS]

Figure 3.3-15 Logic diagram of overcurrent protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.

1. There are four stages zero-sequence directional overcurrent elements. Whether it is under
the control of the directional element or not can be decided by setting the logic setting
[En_Dir_ROC1], [En_Dir_ROC2], [En_Dir_ROC3] and [En_Dir_ROC4] for corresponding
stage.

2. Stage1, 2, 3 and 4 of zero-sequence overcurrent element have corresponding logic setting

[En_ROC1_Blk_AR], [En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR] and [En_ROC4_Blk_AR] to block auto-reclosing

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

or not.

3. When bus VT circuit failure happens, the distance protection will be disabled. As a substitute,
phase overcurrent protection and zero sequence overcurrent protection will be put into
operation automatically in this case if virtual binary inputs [VEBI_DistP] and [VEBI_ROC] are
set as “1”. It can be disabled by setting logic setting [En_OC_VTS] and [En_ROC_VTS] as
“0”.

3.3.4 Phase Overcurrent Protection

Two stages of non-directional phase overcurrent protection are equipped with this relay. Stage 2 of
phase overcurrent element is fixed as definite-time phase overcurrent protection and stage 1 of
phase overcurrent protection can be configured as inverse-time overcurrent protection or
definite-time overcurrent protection. Each stage can be enabled or disabled by the corresponding
logic setting independently. All the relevant settings can be applied to three phases but are
independent for each stage.

The inverse-time characteristic complies with the following formula (based on IEC60255-3
standard).

k
t(I p ) = TMS × ( + c)
Ip α
( ) −1
I set

Where:

k, α, c: a certain constant

According to the different value of k, α and c, different inverse-time characteristic are available.

TMS: Time constant, i.e. the setting [t_OC1] if inverse-time characteristic is chose for stage 1 of
phase overcurrent protection

Iset : Reference current, i.e. the setting [I_OC1] if inverse-time characteristic is chose for stage 1 of
phase overcurrent protection

t(Ip) : Operation time of stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection

Ip : the maximum current of three phases.

For stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection, definite-time characteristic and seven kinds of
inverse-time characteristics can be choose from. According to the specification of IEC60255-3,
four kinds of IEC inverse-time characteristics and three kinds of ANSI/IEEE inverse-time
characteristics are provided to choose from. It can be shown in the following table.

Opt_Curve_OC1 k α c
0: definite-time - - -
1: IEC Normal Inverse-time characteristic 0.14 0.02 0
2: IEC Very Inverse-time characteristic 13.5 1 0
3: IEC Extremely Inverse-time characteristic 80 2 0

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

4: IEC Long-time Inverse-time characteristic 120 1 0

5: ANSI Moderately Inverse-time characteristic 0.0515 0.02 0.114
6: ANSI Very Inverse-time characteristic 19.61 2 0.0185
7: ANSI Extremely Inverse-time characteristic 28.2 2 0.1217

The logic scheme of phase overcurrent protection is shown as bellow.

Figure 3.3-16 Logic diagram of phase overcurrent protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of the corresponding settings.

3.3.5 Distance Protection

The distance protection comprises 3 zones phase-to-phase distance elements, 3 zones
phase-to-ground elements and 1 zone reversal distance element.

The distance protection provides a fast and reliable protection for overhead lines and underground
cables in various power networks. For each independent distance element zone, an individual
impedance measuing element is equipped within it. Full scheme design provides continuous
measurement of impedance separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as
well as in three independent phase-to-ground measuring loops.

Phase-to-phase distance element is suitable as a basic protection function against two- and
three-phase faults in various networks, regardless of the treatment of the neutral point.
Independent setting for each zone separately makes it possible to create fast and selective
protection in power systems.

Phase-to-ground distance element serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with solid or
low impedance grounded networks. Separately, independent setting for each zone makes it
possible to create fast and selective protection in power systems.

Polarized positive sequence voltage is used to improve performance of distance protection against
high fault resistance. Moreover, in the case of short lines, in order to enhance performance against
high fault resistance, the impedance characteristic of the zone 1 and zone 2 could be inclined
toward quadrant 1.

Additional, the quadrilateral characteristic of phase-to-ground distance element is adopted to

improve the sensitivity for high resistance ground fault. The three zones of quadrilateral

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

characteristic cooperates with the three zones of Mho characteristic separately.

Zero sequence reactance character is used for phase-to-ground distance element so that the
overreach due to resistance earth fault can be avoided.

If the positive sequence polarized voltage is high enough, directionality of the distance protection
using positive sequence polarized voltage is very good. However, when close-in three phase fault
happens, the positive sequence voltage may reduce to 15% or less of the rated voltage, this will
lead the distance protection to go to a low voltage program (please refer to 3.3.5.1) in which a
memorized positive sequence polarized voltage is used instead.

Threshold will be set forward for zones 1 and 2 of distance element before its operation, so that
directionality could be assured during busbar three phase fault. And this threshold will be changed
to reverse direction after operation of the protection, so that forward close-in three phase fault can
be fully cleared. As to the zone 3 of the distance element, the direction of the threshold is always
reverse, because it acts as a backup protection for busbar.

Note!

When VT circuit failure happens, the alarm [Alm_VTS] is displayed, and all distance

protection will be disabled.

3.3.5.1 Distance element with memorized polarization

1. General description

Distance element with memorized polarization is an algorithm used when positive sequence
voltage reduces to 15% or less. There are only two possibilities for this condition: power swing or
three phase short circuit fault.

As the power swing, distance element will be blocked and power swing blocking for distance
element is not released if PSBR element does not operate. Thus, only three-phase short-circuit
fault should be considered and discussed herein.

Impedance of all three phase are usually equal. But in order to ensure fast tripping even in the
case of transition from bus fault to three phase line fault, all of the three phase impedance are
calculated and operation of any phase element will lead to three phase tripping.

2. Design

Distance element with memorized polarization compares phasor angle of operating voltage and
polarized voltage.

For forward fault:

Generally the phasor angle of bus voltage of the faulty line is almost equal to be phasor angle of
EM , (i.e. δ=0), the transient operation characteristic can be shown as Figure 3.3-17.

Operation characteristic of Z K on R-X plane is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

− Z S as the diameter. The origin is enclosed in the circle.

This does not mean it will operate incorrectly during reverse fault but means it will operate
correctly during forward fault even if the fault occurs just on the outlet because that is derived
supposing forward fault. δ is not equal to 0, the circle with the line connecting ends of Z ZD and
Z S as a chord will move toward quadrant 1or 2.

jX

ZZD

ZK

ZS

Figure 3.3-17 Operation characteristic for forward fault

For reverse fault

Figure 3.3-18 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance − Z K on R-X plane. This
Z 'S as the diameter. It will
characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and
operate only when − Z K is in the circle. Therefore directionality of the protection is explicit.

jX

Z'S

ZZD

R
ZK

Figure 3.3-18 Operation characteristic during reverse fault

The conditions mentioned above are before fading of memorized voltage: the transient

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

characteristic.

When the memorized voltage fade, Figure 3.3-19 shows operation characteristic of measured

impedance Z K on R-X plane for forward fault as well as that of ‘ − Z K ’ for reverse fault. Since the

circle covers the origin, the equipment will be just on the margin of operation for fault on the bus or
line outlet. In order to prevent the mal-operation for bus fault, especially the three phase bus fault
with arc resistance, zone1 and 2 of distance element is equipped with a positive threshold. Voltage
value of the threshold is equal to maximum voltage drop of the arc. Moreover, when zone 1 or 2 of
distance element operates, phase of the threshold voltage will be inverted so that the origin can be
enclosed in the characteristic circle to ensure the fault can be fully cleared. In order to ensure
backup protection of zone 3, phase of threshold voltage is always inverted and the origin is always
enclosed in the characteristic circle.

jX

ZZD

ZK

Figure 3.3-19 Steady state characteristic of three phase short circuit fault

3.3.5.2 Phase-to-ground distance element

1. Zone 1 and zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance element

„ Directional distance element using polarized positive sequence voltage

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Figure 3.3-20 Characteristic of the relay for forward fault

In short line case, in order to improve the relay performance against high fault resistance, phase
shift θ1 is used for polarized voltage. This phase shift could move the directional impedance
characteristic toward quadrant 1 as is shown in Figure 3.3-20. Value of θ1 can be set to 0°, 15° or
30°.

Because of using phase shift characteristic, the permformance of this relay against high fault
resistance is improved. However, if there is a considerable power source in remote end, an
overreach caused by infeed from remote end during resistance earth fault may occur. In order to
prevent overreach, the following zero sequence reactance relay is introduced.

„ Zero sequence reactance element

Typical zero-sequence reactance characteristic is shown as the straight line A in Figure 3.3-20.
Therefore, directional impedance characteristic integerating with the zero sequence characteristic
are adaptive with the fault resistance.

2. Zone 3 of phase-to-ground distance element

The no-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage because during earth
fault, positive sequence voltage is mainly formed by healthy phase and the phase of positive
sequence voltage is kept as it was before the fault. So characteristic of zone 3 of phase–to-earth
distance element is the same as the transient characteristic of distance element with memorized
polarization and have a very good directionality.

3. Quadrilateral distance element

The sensitivity of phase-to-ground distance element with Mho characteristic may be not enough
during ground fault with extreme high resistance. So additional three-zone distance element with
quadrilateral characteristic is adopted in the equipment to compensate the sensitivity of Mho
characteristic. The logic relationship between quadrilateral distance element and Mho distance
element is OR. It means that any ground fault in one of the two operation zones will be cleared.

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

The quadrilateral phase-to-ground distance element can significantly improve the sensitivity to
clear ground fault with extreme high resistance. The three zones of quadrilateral characteristic can
be enabled or disabled by the logic setting [En_ZPG1_Quad], [En_ZPG2_Quad] and
[En_ZPG3_Quad] respectively.The operation characteristic of quadrilateral distance element is
shown in Figure 3.3-21 :

jX

Φ Φ
R

Figure 3.3-21 Operation Characteristic of quadrilateral distance element

Where,

Φ is the phase angle of positive sequence line impedance

[R1_Quad], [R2_Quad] or [R3_Quad] is the resistance setting of corresponding zone of
quadrilateral distance protection

[Z_PG1], [Z_PG2] or [Z_PG3] are the impedance setting of corresponding zone of Mho distance
protection.

The quadrilateral characteric is a supplement to Mho characteric for phase-to-ground distance

protection. It is used to improve sensitivity for ground fault with high resistance. However, if the
voltage is extreme low, the directionality of quadrilateral characteristic is not clear. But Mho
characteric of phase-to-ground distance element using polarized positive sequence voltage has
definite directionality. Therefore, In case that phase voltage is lower than 10% of rated voltage, the
quadrilateral characteric will be disabled automatically and the Mho characteric is reserved.

3.3.5.3 Phase-to-phase distance element

1. Zone 1,2 of Phase-to-phase distance element

„ The directional impedance element using polarized positive sequence voltage

Phase shift θ2 is introduced here for polarized voltage in zones 1 and 2 just like θ1 in case of
phase-to-ground distance element. It is used also for improving performance against high fault
resistance in short line case. Value of θ2 can be set as 0° or 15°or 30°.

„ Reactance element

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Combination of the directional impedance element and reactance element increases tolerance on
high fault resistance in short line application.

2. Zone 3 of phase-to-phase distance element

No-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage. It is because positive

sequence voltage in the case of phase-to-phase fault reserves mainly the pre-fault phasor angle.
Operation characteristic of faulty phase is shown as Figure 3.3-17 and Figure 3.3-18. This
element has very good directionality.

If three-phase short circuit fault occurs, since the polarized voltage has not been memorized, its
operation characteristic is a circle passing through the origin (Please refer to Figure 3.3-19). If the
positive sequence voltage is low, the fault will be measured by impedance element with
memorized polarization. There is neither problem about dead zone nor loss of directionality for bus
fault in this case.

3.3.5.4 Reversal distance element

When a reversal fault occurs in backside busbar, reversal distance element is provided to clear it
and is taken as backup protection for reversal busbar fault. Its operation characteristic is shown as
follow.

Figure 3.3-22 Operation characteristic of reversal distance element

Where:

ZZDF: impedance setting of zone 4 in forward direction, i.e. [Z_Fwd_Rev]

ZZDR: impedance setting of zone 4 in reversal direction, i.e. [Z_Rev_Rev]

Φ: positive-sequence sensitive angle, i.e. [phi1_Reach]

ZK: measured impedance

3.3.5.5 Blinder Scheme

The blinder characteristic shown in Figure 3.3-23 can be used to restrict the reach of a distance

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

relay on a long line or during heavy load conditions. The distance relay will be allowed to trip only
when both blinders are operated (i.e., the apparent impedance must be between the two
characteristics).

Figure 3.3-23 The operation characteristic of blinder

In order to ensure distance relay not affected by load impedance, the phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground blinders are used. As shown in Figure 3.3-23, the slope of blinder is same to the
positive sequence sensitivity angle Φ, RZD is the setting [R_Blinder]. The operation region is
between line A and line B. The logic setting [En_Blinder] can decide whether the blinder is enabled
or not.

3.3.5.6 Power Swing Blocking Releasing (PSBR)

When power swing occurs on the power system, the impedance measured by the distance
measuring element may vary from the load impedance area into the operating zone of the
distance element. The operation of the distance measuring element due to the power swing
occurs in many points of interconnected power systems. To keep the stability of whole power
system, tripping due to operation of the distance measuring element during a power swing is
generally not allowed. RCS-931 adopts releasing power swing blocking to avoid maloperation of
distance protection resulting from power swing. In another word, distance protection is blocked all
along under the normal condititon and power swing. Only if fault (internal fault or power swing with
internal fault) is detected, power swing blocking for distance protection is released by PSBR
element.

Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operate.

„ Fault detector PSBR element (FD PSBR)

„ Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element (UF PSBR)

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

„ Symmetrical fault PSBR element (SF PSBR)

„ Power swing center voltage PSBR element (PSCVR PSBR)

1. Fault detector PSBR element

If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.

1) Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_OC_PSBR] before general fault detector
element operates.

2) Positive sequence current is higher than the setting [I_OC_PSBR] before general fault
detector element operates, but the duration is less than 10ms.

2. Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element

The operation criterion:

I 0 + I 2 > m × I1 Equation 3.3-9

The “m” is a internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operate during power swing with
internal unsymmetrical fault, while not operate during power swing or power swing with external
fault

3. Symmetrical fault PSBR element

If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after GFD operates), neither FD
PSBR nor UF PSBR will be able to operate to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is
provided for this case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing
center:

U OS = U 1 × cos Φ Equation 3.3-10

Where:

Φ : the angle between positive sequence voltage and current

U 1 : the positive sequence voltage

The criterion of SF PSBR element comprises the following two parts:

1) when − 0.03U N < U OS < 0.08U N , the SF PSBR element will operate after 150ms.

2) when − 0.1U N < U OS < 0.25U N , the SF PSBR element will operate after 500ms.

4. Power swing center voltage PSBR element

If the rate of change of voltage at power swing center is great than a certain value, and the DPFC
overcurrent fault detector picks up, the PSCVR PSBR element will operate.

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3.3.5.7 Scheme logic

Figure 3.3-24 Logic diagram of PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element

The logic setting [En_PSBR_Z1/2] is common for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element. If the
logic setting [En_PSBR_Z1/2] is set as “0”, zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element is not blocked
by PSBR. PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element will operate right now (i.e., output state
of [PSBR_Z1/2] is “1”).

If the logic setting [En_PSBR_Z1/2] is set as “1”, zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element is
controlled by PSBR. After zone 2 of distance element operates and PSBR condition is also met,
PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element will operate (i.e., output state of [PSBR_Z1/2] is
“1”).

Figure 3.3-25 Logic diagram of PSBR for zone 3 of distance element

The logic setting [En_PSBR_Z3] is only for zone 3 used to enable or disable power swing blocking
for zone 3 of distance element. If the logic setting [En_PSBR_Z3] is set as “0”, zone 3 of distance
element is not blocked by PSBR.PSBR for zone 3 of distance element will operate right now (i.e.,
output state of [PSBR_Z3] is “1”).

If the logic setting [En_PSBR_Z3] is set as “1”, zone 3 of distance element is controlled by PSBR.
After zone 3 of distance element operates and PSBR condition is also met, PSBR for zone 3 of
distance element will operate (i.e., output state of [PSBR_Z3] is “1”).

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Figure 3.3-26 Logic diagram of distance protection

ZPP_Rev operates

[En_ZPP_Rev] &

Reversal distance
VT circuit failure ≥1 [t_Rev] element operating

[En_ZPG_Rev] &

ZPG_Rev operates

Figure 3.3-27 Logic diagram of reversal distance element

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.

ZPP_Rev operates: measured phase-to-phase is in the operation characteristic circle of reversal

distance element.

ZPG_Rev operates: measured phase-to-ground is in the operation characteristic circle of reversal

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

distance element

1. If distance protection is required to be enabled, virtual binary input setting [VEBI_DistP] shall
be set as 1.

2. If the logic setting [En_BI_Z1_Vld] is set as “1”, zone 1 of distance element is enabled when
the binary input [BI_En_Z1] is energized and channel abnormality is detected by the device
(or differential protection is disabled). If the logic setting [En_BI_Z1_Vld] is set as “0”, zone 1
of distance element is enabled all along and is not controlled by the binary input [BI_En_Z1].
Shown as below:

If duplicated line protection configuration is adopted, the wiring scheme between two devices is as
below:

P1 P2

En_BI_Z1_Vld >=1
Watchdog
Comm_fail >=1 & Z1 is Released

DIFF PROT Enabed

Comm Fail
BI_En_Z1

Where:

DIFF PROT Enabled: differential protection is enabled.

Comm_Fail: channel for differential protection is abnormal.

In order to prevent existing dead zone in the protected zone, the origin in the operation
characteristic diagram is included in the operation zone of reversal distance element.

3. Quadrilateral characterisc of phase-to-ground distance element will be disabled automatically

if the voltage input is lower than 10% of rated voltage. The purpose is to avoid the loss of
directionality of quadrilateral characterisc during low voltage. The Mho characteristic using
polarized positive sequence voltage is always in service.

4. When VT circuit failure is detected, distance protection will be blocked.

5. If the logic setting [En_Blinder] is set to “1”, the reach of distance relay will be restricted on a
long line or during heavy load condition.

6. Power swing blocking for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element can be enabled or disabled

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by logic setting [En_PSBR_Z1/2]. Power swing blocking for zone 3 of distance element can
be enabled or disabled by logic setting [En_PSBR_Z3].

7. Zone 2 and 3 of distance element have corresponding logic setting [En_Z2_Blk_AR] and
[En_Z3_Blk_AR] to or not to block auto-reclosing.

3.3.6 Thermal Overload

The thermal overload protection function provides tripping or alarming based on a thermal model
calculated from phase currents. Alarm stage and trip stage can be enabled or disabled by the logic
settings [En_OvLd1_Alm], [En_OvLd2_Alm] and [En_OvLd2_Trp] separately. It is coordinated with
IEC60255-8 IDMT characteristic.

IEC60255-8 “cold” curve (Thermal overload protection without preload):

For thermal overload protection without consideration of the preload current, the following tripping
characteristic is applied. For different thermal time constants τ , the operating time T is calculated
in accordance with the following equation:

I2
T = τ ⋅ ln 2
I − (k ⋅ I B ) 2

IEC60255-8 “heat” curve (Thermal overload protection with preload):

The thermal overload protection with consideration of preload current constantly updates the
thermal model calculation regardless of the magnitude of the phase currents. The operating time T
is calculated in accordance with the following equation (complete memory in accordance with IEC
60255-8).

I 2 − I p2
T = τ ⋅ ln
I 2 − (k ⋅ I B ) 2

RCS-931 is equipped with IEC60255-8 “heat” curve to make up thermal overload protection,
where:

T: operating time

τ : thermal time constant, corresponding with setting [t_Disspt_OvLd]

IB: reference current, corresponding with setting [Ib_OvLd]

k: overload coefficient, k2: percentage of thermal capacity, corresponding with setting

[ThM_OvLd_Alm] or [ThM_OvLd_Trp]

I: overload current

IP: previous load current

Ln: natural logarithm

RCS-931 calculates real-time temperature rise curve every time. When thermal capacity of

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

temperature rise is larger than setting [ThM_OvLd_Alm] (shown as percentage), protective device
sends overload alarm signal. When heat quantity of temperature rise is larger than setting
[ThM_OvLd_Trp] (shown as percentage), protective device trips circuit breaker or sends overload
alarm signal.

Figure 3.3-28 Logic diagram of overload element

3.4 Fault Phase Selection

Fault phase selection logic comprises of deviation of operation voltage fault phase selection

element, current differential fault phase selection element and I 0 and I 2 A fault phase selection

element. The logic makes the relay ideal for single-phase tripping applications.

3.4.1 Current differential fault phase selection element

Current differential protection of RCS-931 is segregated phase differential protection, so the
operating phase is the fault phase when DPFC current differential relay and steady-state current
operate.

3.4.2 Deviation of operation voltage fault phase selection element

ΔU OPA , ΔU OPB and ΔU OPC : deviation of phase operation voltages.

ΔU OPAB , ΔU OPBC and ΔU OPCA : deviation of phase-to-phase operation voltages.

ΔU OPΦMAX = MAX( ΔU OPA , ΔU OPB , ΔU OPC ).

ΔU OPΦΦMAX = MAX( ΔU OPAB , ΔU OPBC , ΔU OPCA ).

If ΔU OPΦMAX is several times higher than the other two deviation of phase operation voltages, the

single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multiplex-phase fault is ensured.

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Table 3-2 The relation between ΔU OPMAX and fault phase

ΔU OPMAX ( ΔU OPΦMAX or ΔU OPΦΦMAX ) Fault phase

ΔU OPA A phase
ΔU OPB B phase
ΔU OPC C phase
ΔU OPAB AB phase
ΔU OPBC BC phase
ΔU OPCA CA phase

3.4.3 I0 and I2A fault phase selection element

The phase selection algorithm uses the angle relation between I 0 and I 2 A of the relay currents.

As shown in Figure 3.4-1, three regions of fault phase selection is ensured.

Figure 3.4-1 The region of fault phase selection

Depended on the phase relation between I 0 and I 2 A ,

I0 I
When − 60 < Arg < 60 o , region A is selected, 60 o < Arg 0 < 180 o , region B is selected,
o

I2A I2A

I0
180 o < Arg < 300 o , region C is selected.
I2A

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

I0
Table 3-3 The relation between Arg and fault phase
I2A

I0
Arg Fault phase
I2A
00 A phase or BC phase
1200 B phase or CA phase
0
240 C phase or AB phase

Note:

1) For single-phase earth fault, I 0 and I 2 A of faulty phase are inphase.

2) For two-phase earth fault, I 0 and I 2 A of non-faulty phase are inphase.

3.5 Pole Discrepancy (PD) state

Circuit breaker pole position discrepancy can occur on the operation of a breaker with independent
operating gears for the three poles. The reason may be an interruption in the trip coil circuits, or a
mechanical failure resulting in a stuck breaker pole. A pole disagreement can be tolerated for a
limited time.

The operation of the contact based pole discordance logic is based on checking the position of the
circuit breaker through its auxiliary contacts: three parallel connected normally open contacts are
connected in series with three parallel connected normally closed contacts.

Pole disagreement procedure comprises of the protection of pole disagreement state and switch
onto fault protection. When the following conditions are met, pole disagreement state is ensured a
delay of 30ms.

1) Trip confirmation

Trip confirmation means that tripping signal is issued and any phase current is smaller than 0.06IN

2) [BI_52b_Pha]=1, [BI_52b_Phb]=1, [BI_52b_Phc]=1 and line current is smaller than 0.06IN

3.5.1 PD State caused by Single pole tripping

When there is single-phase tripping confirmation or any phase [BI_52b_Phx]=1 (x can be a, b or c)
and corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06IN, pole disagreement state is confirmed by
protective device. After that, the following things will be done.

1) Measuring impedance deviation of power frequency component of non-fault phase and

non-fault phase-to-phase

2) Calculating positive voltage of non-fault phase as polarized voltage of distance protection

3) Measuring current deviation of power frequency component of non-fault phase as condition to

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release power swing blocking under pole disagreement

4) When trip phase current I Φ > 0.06 I n or 52b=0, SOTF protection is initiated for 400ms

3.5.2 PD State caused by Three poles tripping

When there is three-phase tripping confirmation or [BI_52b_Pha]=1, [BI_52b_Phb]=1,
[BI_52b_Phc]=1 and threes currents, IA, IB and IC, are smaller than 0.06IN, pole disagreement state
is confirmed by protective device. After that, the following thing will be done.

1) When I A , I B or I C > 0.06 I n or three phase 52b=0, SOTF protection is initiated for 400ms

When pole disagreement state is ensured, corresponding phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase

DPFC distance protection are disabled. In the case of RCS-931, stage 1, 2 and 3 of zero
sequence overcurrent protection are disabled and stage 4 of zero sequence overcurrent protection
is not controlled by directional element.

3.6 Switch onto fault (SOTF)

External manual closing signal and reclosing signal are not needed for SOTF logic in this relay.
SOTF signal caused by manual closing, single-phase reclosing and three-phase reclosing can be
identified by the corresponding tripping signal, corresponding position of circuit breaker and local
fault detector. The corresponding logic schemes are shown as follow.

>=1
&
Single pole tripping &
Fault Detector
Any tripping
>=1
BI_52b_Pha >=1 &
BI_52b_Phb & 0 400ms Single pole reclosing (For SOTF)
BI_52b_Phc

&
&
>=1
Fault Detector 0 400ms Three poles reclosing (For SOTF)

&
Three pole tripping >=1

&

Any tripping

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BI_52b_Pha &
BI_52b_Phb
&
BI_52b_Phc
0 400ms Manual closing (For SOTF)
Fault Detector

1. Zero-sequence overcurrent element for SOTF can be enabled or disabled by logic setting
[En_ROC_SOTF]. Distance element for SOTF can be enabled or disabled by logic setting
[En_Z_SOTF].

2. Zero-sequence overcurrent element for SOTF will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker
delay 60ms when 1-pole auto-reclosing.

3. Zone 2 of distance element which is blocked by power swing for SOTF will operate to trip
three-phase circuit breaker delay 25ms when 1-pole auto-reclosing.

4. Zero-sequence overcurrent element for SOTF will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker
delay 100ms if 3I0 is greater than setting [I_ROC_SOTF] when 3-pole auto-reclosing or
reclosing manually.

5. When protective device is reclosed to faulty line, zone 2 and 3 of distance element which is
not blocked by power swing will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker if logic setting
[En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] and [En_Z3SOTF_AR3P] are set as “1” when 3-pole auto-reclosing. If
logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] and [En_Z3SOTF_AR3P] are set as “0”, zone 2 of distance
element which is blocked by power swing will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker when
3-pole auto-reclosing.

6. Zone 3 of distance element will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker when reclosing
manually.

Manual closing (For SOTF) >=1

Three poles reclosing (For SOTF)

3I0 > [I_ROC_FD] &

& &
100ms 0
3I0Cal > [I_ROC_FD]
>=1
3I0 > [I_ROC_SOTF] Zero sequence overcurrent switch
onto fault protection operates
[En_ROC_SOTF] &
60ms 0

Single pole reclosing (For SOTF)

Figure 3.6-1 Logic diagram of zero-sequence overcurrent protection for SOTF

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description
[En_Z2SOTF_AR3P]
&
[En_ZPG2_Quad] ≥1
&

Zone 2 of Quadrilateral distance element

≥1
Z < [Z_PG2] &

≥1
PSBR_Z1/2
&

&
Z < [Z_PP2]

[En_Z_SOTF]

Three poles reclosing (For SOTF)

≥1 & 25ms Distance SOTF
protection operates
Single pole reclosing (For SOTF) & ≥1

[En_Z3SOTF_AR3P]

≥1
Zone 3 of Quadrilateral distance element
&
[En_ZPG3_Quad]
≥1 &
Z < [Z_PG3] ≥1

Z < [Z_PP3]
&

Manual closing (For SOTF)

Figure 3.6-2 Logic diagram of distance protection for SOTF

3.7 Tripping Scheme

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Pilot Differential Protection operating

≥1
Op_Z_DPFC

IA>0.06In

& &
≥1
Select Phase A ≥1 Trip Phase A

IB>0.06In

&
Select Phase B & ≥1
≥1 Trip Phase B

IC>0.06In

Select Phase C & &

≥1
≥1 Trip Phase C

Select Multi Phases &

≥1

& 200ms 0
&
IP>0.06In

Op_OC1

≥1
Op_OC2

SOTF for reclosing manually

Phase selection failure
SOTF for auto-reclosing ≥1
≥1
Op_ZREV

Op_Ovld_Trip

Op_TT ≥1

1-pole tripping and not dropping off ≥1

≥1
Op_Perisist1P

Op_OC_VTS

Op_3P_RecvTT

Op_Z1
&
≥1
Op_Z2
&
[En_Z2_Blk_AR]

Op_Z3
&
[En_Z3_Blk_AR]

Op_ROC1
&
[En_Inst_Blk_AR]

Op_ROC2
&
[En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR] ≥1

Op_ROC3
&

Op_ROC4
&
[En_ROC4_Blk_AR]

3-pole tripping and auto-reclosing blocked

≥1

Op_PDP
&
[En_PDF_Blk_AR]
Initiating blocking relay for auto-reclosing
≥1
Op_PhSelFail
&
[En_PhSF_Blk_AR]

EBI_LockOut ≥1 Blocking auto-reclosing

[VEBI_LockOut]

Figure 3.7-1 Trip logic 1 of RCS-931

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Trip phase A

Trip phase B ≥1 Trigger TJ relay

Trip phase C

& Trigger TJABC relay

[En_3P_Trip]
& 150ms 0 Fail in single pole tripping

[VEBI_LockOut]

EBI_LockOut Three-poles tripping

&
≥1
AR is not ready for operating

&
Enable Auto-Reclosing

&
Three-Pole Auto-Reclosing

Figure 3.7-2 Trip logic 2 of RCS-931

Tripping Logic of RCS-931:

1. Minimal operating time of the contact is 40ms.

2. If phase segregated differential relay operates, corresponding phase selection element will
operate.

3. When DPFC distance element and pilot differential element operate, it will trip single phase by
phase selection element. If phase selection element fails and operation element can not drop
off, three-pole tripping command caused by phase selection failure will be sent after 200ms
delay.

4. If any of the following conditions is matched, three-phase tripping signal will be sent directly.

„ Zone 1 of distance element operating and [En_Inst_Blk_AR]=1

„ Zone 2 of distance element operating and [En_Z2_Blk_AR]=1

„ Zone 3 of distance element operating and [En_Z3_Blk_AR]=1

„ Stage 1 of zero-sequence overcurrent element operating and [En_Inst_Blk_AR]=1

„ Stage 2 of zero-sequence overcurrent element operating and [En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR]=1

„ Stage 3 of zero-sequence overcurrent element operating and [En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR]=1

„ Stage 4 of zero-sequence overcurrent element operating

„ Stage 1 or 2 of phase overcurrent element operating

„ Reversal distance element operating

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„ Overload element for trip operating

„ Switching onto a faulty phase

„ A fault occurs under pole disagreement condition.

„ Overcurrent element operating during VT circuit failure

„ Phase selection failure after 200ms delay

„ Single phase tripping failure after 150ms delay

5. After receiving single phase tripping signal, if the current of this phase is still larger than 0.06In,
three-phase tripping signal will be sent after 150ms delay.

6. Three poles trip will be used if two or three phases are selected by the phase selection
element.

7. Any fault occurs under following conditions, three-pole trip element will operate

„ The logic setting [En_3P_Trip] is set as “1”

„ The binary input [EBI_LockOut] is energized

„ The virtual binary input [VEBI_LockOut] is set as “1”

„ Auto-reclosing is not ready for operating

„ 3-pole auto-reclosing is adopted

8. When a serious fault occurs, auto-reclosing will be blocked under the following conditions:

„ Manual reclosing or auto-reclosing onto a fault phase

„ 1-pole tripping and not dropping off

„ 3-pole tripping during single phase operation

„ Tripping for VT circuit failure

„ Tripping for three-phase fault

„ Reversal distance element operating

„ Overload element for trip operating

9. For zone 1 of distance protection and stage 1 of zero sequence overcurrent protection,
whether three-pole trip and auto-reclosing blocked are adopted or not will be decided by logic
setting [En_Inst_Blk_AR]. For zone 2 and zone 3 of distance protection, whether
auto-reclosing blocked is adopted or not will be decided by logic setting [En_Z2_Blk_AR] and
[En_Z3_Blk_AR]. For stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 of zero sequence overcurrent protection,
whether auto-reclosing blocked is adopted or not will be decided by logic setting
[En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR] and [En_ROC4_Blk_AR].

10. Three-pole trip with auto-reclosing blocked can be selected by logic setting
[En_PhSF_Blk_AR], [En_PDF_Blk_AR] and [En_MPF_Blk_AR].

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11. If logic setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT] is set as “1”, three-pole trip is adopted and auto-reclosing is
blocked after receiving transfer trip and fault detector element operating. If logic setting
[En_FD_Ctrl_TT] is set as “0”, three-pole trip is adopted and auto-reclosing is blocked after
receiving transfer trip.

12. If only reversal distance protection and overload protection operate, the relay will not select
faulty phase and locate where the fault occurs.

3.8 Auto-Reclosing
3.8.1 General description
To maintain the integrity of the overall electrical transmission system, protective relays are
installed on the transmission system to isolate faulted segments during system disturbances.
Faults caused by lightning, wind, or tree branches could be temporary in nature and may
disappear once the circuit is de-energized. Automatic reclosing systems are put into place to
re-energize and restore the faulted section of the transmission system once the fault is
extinguished (providing it is a temporary fault). For certain transmission systems, reclosing is used
to improve system stability by restoring critical transmission paths as soon as possible.

3.8.2 Design
Auto-reclosing of RCS-931 is one shot mode, which can implement 1-pole auto-reclosing, 3-pole
auto-reclosing and 1-pole/3-pole auto-reclosing.

In any case, auto-reclosing is performed only once. If the fault still exists after reclosing, the line
will be tripped without any future reclosing, in other words, lockout. Only single shot auto-reclosing
during the time from auto-reclosing initiated to dropped off.

3.8.3 Auto-reclosing ready

The reclaim time begins after circuit breaker being closed. If the reclosure is successful, all the
functions of the auto-reclosing return to the quiescent state at the end of the reclaim time; a fault
after expiry of the reclaim time is treated as a new fault in the network. Re-tripping by a protection
function during the reclaim time is declared as unsuccessful. The automatic reclosure is blocked
dynamically. When protective device drops off and the circuit breaker is closed, after time delay of
t_Reclaim_AR, if no blocking signal for AR is received, automatic reclosing can get ready for
reclosing once again.

3.8.4 Synchronism check and energizing check

Synchronising scheme is required for delayed three pole auto-reclosing. The three pole reclosure
without synchronising shall be blocked to prevent harmful effects on generator turbine under an
uncertain system separation condition. The main purpose of the synchrocheck function is to
provide controlled closing of circuit breakers in interconnected networks.The main purpose of the
energizing check function is to facilitate the controlled reconnection of a disconnected line or bus
to, respectively, an energized bus or line.

The synchronising scheme consists of synchronism check relay element and a voltage check
element. The synchronising scheme monitor the condition of the bus voltage and line voltage. The

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

voltage settings for distinguishing between “live” and “dead” conditions can be determined by
taking into account an induced voltage from the self-line and the adjacent line:

Live condition: > the setting i.e. [V_Live]

Dead condition: < the setting i.e. [V_Dead]

The synchronism check will compare the AC voltage from line VT and the AC voltage from busbar
VT. The checking voltage inputs can adopt phase voltage of any phase or phase-to-phase voltage
of any phase from line VT. The relay is self-adaptive to the checking voltage inputs.

Phase voltage of phase A is used for the busbar voltage of the synchronism check. During normal
running condition, the relay remembers the angle difference between phase A busbar voltage and
checking voltage. And the mnemonic angle difference is compensated during synchronism check.
For dead line check, auto-reclosing is performed if busbar voltage or checking voltage is less than
the setting i.e. [V_Dead].

For synchronism check, auto-reclosing is performed if busbar voltage and checking voltage are
both higher than the setting i.e. [V_Live] and the phase difference, frequency difference and
voltage difference between them are all within the setting range.

The energizing check function measures the bus and line voltages and compares them to both
“live” and “dead” threshold detectors. The condition is only given when the actual measured
conditions match the set conditions.

The following figures show the synchrocheck and energizing check scheme logic.

3.8.5 Reclosing time delay

After reclosing conditions are met, a timer is started. The setting of this timer is [t_1P_AR] used for
single-pole reclosing or [t_3P_AR] used for three-pole reclosing. This status is intended to delay
the reclosing of the circuit breaker according to the requirements of the system. One purpose of
this delay is to wait for extinction of a temporary fault arc.

When the timer expires, a reclosing output signal will be issued.

3.8.6 Dwell time

For the duration of reclosing output signal, it can be set by setting [t_PW_AR]. This status is
intended to let the circuit breaker complete the closing operation.

3.8.7 Lockout
Under the following conditions, the auto-relcosing will be locked out.

„ auto-recloing is disabled, logic setting [En_AR]=0

„ lockout signals: virtual binary input [VEBI_LockOut]=1

„ The binary input [EBI_LockOut] is energized

„ binary input [EBI_Opt1_AR]=1 and [EBI_Opt2_AR]=1 and logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR]=0

„ circuit breaker has been tripped manually

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„ breaker control circuit failure, either trip or closing coils are unhealthy

„ pressure blocking signal from circuit breaker operating mechanism, [BI_LowPres_AR]=1

„ switch onto fault (SOTF) protection operates

„ 1-pole reclosing to the permanent earth faulty line

„ transfer trip operates

„ bus or line VT circuit fails

„ zone 2 distance element and logic setting [En_Z2_Blk_AR]=1

„ zone 3 distance element and logic setting [En_Z3_Blk_AR]=1

„ stage 2 or 3 ROC operates to trip three phases and logic setting [En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR]

„ stage 1 or 2 of phase overcurrent protection operates

„ fault phase selection fails and logic setting [En_PhSF_Blk_AR]=1

„ pole disagreement with fault and logic setting [En_PDF_Blk_AR]=1

„ multi-phase fault happens, and logic setting [En_MPF_Blk_AR]=1

„ three-phase fault happens

„ reclosing conditions are not met yet till the incomplete sequence time expires.

Whenever all of the listed events disappear, the auto-relcosing will resume normal function.

3.8.8 Scheme logic

3.8.8.1 Synchronism logic:
Synchronising scheme is required for delayed three pole auto-reclosure. The three pole reclosure
without synchronising shall be blocked to prevent harmful effects on generator turbine under an
uncertain system separation condition. The main purpose of the synchrocheck function is to
provide controlled closing of circuit breakers in interconnected networks.The main purpose of the
energizing check function is to facilitate the controlled reconnection of a disconnected line or bus
to, respectively, an energized bus or line.

The synchronising scheme consists of synchronism check element and voltage check element.
The synchronising scheme monitors the condition of the bus voltage and line voltage. The voltage
settings for distinguishing between “live” and “dead” conditions to be determined taking account of
an induced voltage from the self-line and the adjacent line:

Live condition: URMS> [V_Live]

Dead condition: URMS< [V_Dead]

The synchronism check will compare the AC voltage from line VT and the AC voltage from busbar
VT. The checking voltage inputs can adopt phase voltage of any phase or phase-to-phase voltage
of any phase from line VT. The relay is self-adaptive to the checking voltage inputs.

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Phase voltage of phase A busbar voltage is used for reference voltage.

For dead line check, auto-reclosing is performed if busbar voltage or line checking voltage is less
than [V_Dead].

For synchronism check, auto-reclosing is performed if busbar voltage and checking voltage are
both higher than [V_Live] and the phase difference, frequency difference and voltage difference
between them are all within the setting range.

The energizing check function measures the bus and line voltages and compares them to both
“live” and “dead” threshold detectors.

The following figures show the synchrocheck and energizing check scheme logic.

[En_SynChk_AR]

UBusHigh

ULineHigh & 50ms

& t_SynChk SynChk ok

Udiff<V_Diff_SynChk

FreqDiff<f_Diff_SynChk

PhaseDiff<phi_Diff_SynChk

Figure 3.8-1 Synchronism check scheme of auto-reclosing

Line voltage used for auto-reclosing must be phase voltage.

1) En_SynChk_AR: logic setting, Synchronism Check enabled

2) En_LvB_DdL_AR: logic setting, Dead Line - Live Bus Check enabled

3) En_DdB_LvL_AR: logic setting, Live Line - Dead Bus Check enabled

4) En_DdB_DdL_AR: logic setting, Dead Line - Dead Bus Check enabled

5) UDiff：Voltage difference between busbar voltage and checking voltage；

6) FreqDiff：Frequency difference between busbar voltage and checking voltage

7) PhaseDiff：Phase difference between busbar voltage and checking voltage

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8) ULineHigh: Live Line, URMS>[V_Live]

9) UBusHigh: Live Bus, URMS>[V_Live]

10) ULineLow: Dead Line, URMS<[V_Dead]

11) UBusLow: Dead Bus, URMS<[V_Dead]

12) VTSU: VT circuit fail

13) t_CBClsd_AR: The time a breaker must be closed before AR becomes ready for a reclosing
cycle (proposed setting 25s)

14) t_VoltChk: Supervision time for dead/live voltage check (internal setting 20ms)

15) t_SynChk: Synchronism check operation time delay (internal setting 20ms)

16) t_Reclaim_AR:Reclaim time (proposed setting 25s)

3.8.8.2 Auto-reclose logic

If no blocking signal for reclosing is received and all three phase circuit breakers have been closed
for [t_CBClsd_AR], the reclosing will be ready for one-shot reclosure. When binary input for
blocking reclosing is received, protective device will output contact for blocking reclosing.

CB Closed ≥1

& [t_CBClsd_AR]

Any trip
AR ON CB Ready
&
Device abnormal

AR lock Input
Lock element ≥1
AR Pulse

AR Unsuccess

Three phase trip

&

Single pole AR

Figure 3.8-2 Get-ready scheme logic of circuit breaker

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

Reset Logic

&

≥1
Three Pole Trip

Any trip
& 3 Pole ARInitiate

3 Pole AR

CB Ready

Figure 3.8-3 1-pole and 3-pole scheme logic of auto-reclosing

≥1
AR Pulse
& [t_Unsuc_AR]
CB closed

CB Ready
200ms AR Fail
& ≥1

Any trip

SynChk ok

&

[En_SynChk]

≥1
Energe ok
& [t_Wait_SynChk] SynChk Fail
&

[En_deadvChk]

&

& ≥1
& AR3 Pulse ready

[En_NoChk_AR]

3 Pole AR Initiate t_3P_AR

Figure 3.8-4 Logic diagram of automatic reclosing

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— Any trip: tripping signal from local protective device or remote protective device
— t_CBClsd_AR: time delay of circuit breaker in closed state before reclosing;
— t_1P_AR: Dead time for 1-pole AR;
— t_3P_AR: Dead time for 3-pole A;
— t_Unsuc_AR: CB Check time before unsuccessful；
— t_Wait_SynChk: Maximum wait time for synchonism；
— En_SynChk：Enable synchronism check
— En_DeadvChk：Enable dead voltage check (including En_DdB_DdL_AR, En_LvB_DdL_AR,
En_DdB_LvL_AR)

— AR Unsuccess：Reclosing failure signal

— SynChk Fail：Synchonism check failure signal
— t_PW_AR: Circuit breaker closing pulse length
— AR_Pulse: reclosure command
— 3 Pole AR: Three pole auto-reclose enabled
— t_Reclaim_AR: Reclaim time of autoreclosing.
Auto-reclosure is only initiated by tripping signal of transmission line protection.The following
figures show the scheme logic of auto-reclosing. After the reclosing command is issued, AR will
drop out with time delay [t_Reclaim_AR], and can carry out next reclosing.

For transient fault, the fault will be cleared after protection device operates to trip. After the
reclosing command is issued, AR will drop out with time delay [t_Reclaim_AR], and can carry out
next reclosing. When the reclosing is unsuccessful or the reclosing condition is not met after AR
initiated, the reclosing will be considered as unsuccessful, including the following cases.

1. If the tripping command is received again after the reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing
shall be considered as unsuccessful.

2. The tripping command is received before AR is ready, the reclosing shall be considered as
unsuccessful.

3. If CB is still in open state with a time delay [t_Unsuc_AR] after the reclosing pulse is issued,
the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful.

For this case, the protection device will issue signal “AR Fail” to indicate the reclosing is
unsuccessful, and this signal will drop out after “Reset Command”. After AR unsuccess is
confirmed, AR will be blocked. AR will not enter into the ready state unless the circuit breaker
position drops out.

3.9 Transfer Trip And Transfer Signal

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RCS-931 can exchange not only current but also binary inputs via communication channel
between two ends of line.

3.9.1 Transfer Trip

Transfer trip is the sending of a trip signal via a communication channel to a remote line terminal. It
is very reliable due to using of dedicated byte compensation check and bit compensation check
during transferring binary input. At local terminal, when binary input [BI_Send_TT] is energized, a
trip signal will be sent to remote terminal. At remote terminal, when such a trip signal received,
binary input state of [BI_Recv_TT] will change to 1. The trip signal will result in tripping directly
when logic setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT]=0, or with the guard of general fault detection when logic
setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT]=1, at the same time auto-relcosing will be locked out.

RX
TX

702 +110/220V

A02
Optical fibre

Transfer trip
TJA-1
A05
TJB-1
A07
RX

TX
720 Transfer trip TJC-1
A09

RCS-931 RCS-931

M N

Figure 3.9-1 The sketch diagram of transfer trip

&

[En_FD_Ctrl_TT]
& ≥1 Op_TT

Fault detector &

[BI_Recv_TT]

Figure 3.9-2 The logic scheme of transfer trip

3.9.2 Transfer signal

Besides the trip signal, other signals can also be sent to remote line terminal via communication
channel between two ends of line. At local terminal, when binary input [BI_Send_TS1] or
[BI_Send_TS2] is energized, a binary signal will be sent to remote terminal. At remote terminal,
when such a binary signal received, binary input state of [BI_Recv_TS1] or [BI_Recv_TS1] will
change to 1, and corresponding binary output contacts of OUT1 board YC1-1(914-910),
YC1-2(916-918) YC2-1(913-909) and YC2-2(915-917) will close.

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Transfer signal 1
RX
TX
RX

TX

Transfer signal 2
Figure 3.9-3 The sketch diagram of transfer signal

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 Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

4.1 General Description

Though the protection system is in non-operating state under normal conditions, it is waiting for a
power system fault to occur at any time and must operate for the fault without fail. When
equipment is in energizing process before the LED “HEALTHY” is on, the equipment need to be
checked to ensure there are no errors. Therefore, the automatic supervision function, which
checks the health of the protection system during startup and during normal operation, plays an
important role.

The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.

In case a fault is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the equipment,
the equipment will be blocked out, which means relay is out of service. Therefore you must
re-energize the relays or reset CPU module by restarting equipment to get relay back into service.

When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed with an LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. At the same time event recording will record the failure alarm
which can be viewed in event recording report and be printed.

4.2 Relay Self-supervision

4.2.1 Relay hardware monitoring

The DSP, RAM, ROM chips on CPU module are monitored to ensure whether they are damaged
or have errors. If any one of them is damaged or has an error, equipment will be blocked and and
an alarm will be issued, such as [Alm_RAM] and [Alm_ROM].

4.2.2 Fault detection monitoring

When the zero sequence general fault detector picks up and lasts for longer than 10 seconds, an
alarm [Alm_PersistI0] will be issued without the equipment getting blocked.

When any DPFC fault detector picks up for longer than 10s, an alarm will be issued
[Alm_PersistFD] without the equipment getting blocked.

4.2.3 Check Output tripping circuit

Chips controlling the output relays in the output circuit are continually monitored. If any error or
damage is detected in these chips, alarm [Alm_TripOut] will be given and the relay will be blocked.

4.2.4 Check setting

RCS-931 has 15 setting groups, while only one is active at the same time. The settings of active
setting group are checked to ensure they are reasonable. If the settings are checked to be invalid,
an alarm [Alm_Setting] will be issued. Equipment is blocked. At the same time. if there is any

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summation error of all setting groups, an alarm [Alm_EEPROM] will be issued, equipment is also
blocked.

If these 15 setting groups are not all set, when the equipment is provided DC power supply first, an
alarm [Alm_InvalidGrp] will be issued. If any equipment settings is changed and the protection
settings is not confirmed or some settings in protection settings exceed setting range, an alarm
[Alm_InvalidGrp] will be issued.

4.2.5 Binary input monitoring

If the binary input [BI_Send_TT] is energized and the duration exceed 4s, an alarm [Alm_TT] will
be issued.

If either of the binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] or [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] is energized and the duration
exceed 10s, an alarm [Alm_BI_ExTrp] will be issued.

4.3 AC Input Monitoring

4.3.1 Voltage and current drift monitoring and auto adjusting
Zero point of voltage and current may drift influenced by variation of temperature or other
environment factors. The equipment continually automatically traces the drift and adjust it to
normal value.

4.3.2 DSP sampling monitoring

AC sampling of DSP chip is monitored and if the samples are detected to be wrong, an alarm
[Alm_Smpl_DSP] will be issued and the relay will be blocked.

4.3.3 CPU sampling monitoring

The relay compares the CPU sampling and DSP sampling. In normal condition, the sampling
should be the same for a certain AC input. If a sampling in CPU is detected to differ largely with
that in DSP, an alarm [Alm_Smpl_CPU] will be issued and the relay will be blocked.

4.4 Secondary Circuit Monitoring

4.4.1 Opto-coupler power monitoring
Positive power supply of opto-coupler is continually monitored. If an error or damage has occurred,
an alarm [Alm_Pwr_Opto] will be issued.

4.4.2 Circuit breaker monitoring

If binary input [BI_52b] is energized ,which indicates circuit breaker is open and no current is
detected in the line, the line will be considered to be out of service. Switch onto fault (SOTF)
protection will be enabled.

If binary input [BI_52b]=1 that indicates circuit breaker is open but current can still be detected in
the line, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be issued after 10 seconds.

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If control circuit of circuit breaker is broken, the alarm signal [Alm_TCCS] will be issued.

4.4.3 Bus VT circuit failure detection

The purpose of the voltage transformer circuit failure supervision function is to indicate failure in
the measuring voltage from a voltage transformer. When a fault occurs in the secondary circuit of
the voltage transformer (VT), the voltage dependent measuring elements may operate incorrectly.
RCS-931 incorporates a VT failure supervision function (VTS) as a count measure against such
incorrect operation.

In normal operation program of the RCS-931, the phasor summation of bus three phase voltage is
checked frequently, if this phasor summation detected is higher than 8.8V and fault detection
element does not operate, VTS will, after 1.25s, output an alarm [Alm_VTS].

If the phasor summation detected is lower than 8.8V but the bus positive voltage U1 is less than
33V, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when logic setting [En_LineVT] is set to
“0”, otherwise, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when circuit breaker is closed
([BI_52b]=0) or there is current existing on line.

The logic scheme as shown in Figure 4.4-1

3U0>8.8V

1.25s 10s
U1<0.3UN ≥1
&
[En_LineVT] ≥1
& ≥1 VTS
CB Closed

[BI_MCB_VT] & [Alm_VTS]

[En_VTS]

Figure 4.4-1 Logic scheme of VT circuit failure detection

In this case VTS will also:

„ to disable distance protection

„ to enable phase overcurrent protection and zero sequence overcurrent protection especially
for this case as a substitute (Please refer to 3.3.3 for detail)

„ to release direction guard of stage 4 zero sequence overcurrent element

„ to disable auto-reclosing element (Please refer to 3.8.8 for detail)

„ to disable stage 1 and stage 2 zero sequence overcurrent element

„ to disable stage 3 zero sequence overcurrent element if logic setting [En_Dir_ROC3] is set to
“1”

„ to increase the threshold of DPFC distance element to 1.5UN

Resetting of all the above measures and resetting of the display and alarm are automatically

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Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

performed 10s after all three phases voltage resume to normal condition.

4.4.4 Line voltage circuit failure supervision

If the line voltage is used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or dead line check, the line voltage is
monitored.

If the auto-reclosing mode is not 1-pole AR, and the line circuit breaker is in closed state which is
indicated by binary input [BI_52b]=0, but the line voltage is lower than the setting i.e. [V_Dead], it
is concluded that “line voltage transformer circuit failure” has occurred and an alarm
[Alm_VTS_Usyn] will be issued after 10s.

If auto-reclosing is disabled, or the logic settings [En_SynChk_AR] and [En_DeadChk_AR] are set
to “0”, line voltage is not needed to be connected and line voltage transformer circuit failure
supervision will be disabled.

When line voltage transformer circuit failure is detected, function of synchronism check and dead
line check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled.

After line voltage resumes to normal condition, the alarm and its subsequences will be reset
automatically after 10s.

4.4.5 CT circuit failure detection

The main purpose of the current transformer (CT) circuit failure supervision function is to detect
faults in the secondary circuits of CT and avoid influence on the operation of corresponding
protection functions. This function will be processed all the time, whether general fault detection
picks up or not.

The equipment measures zero sequence current from two sources, which is either calculated
depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (3I0Cal) or derived at the neutral current circuit from
three-phase currents (3I0).

If 3I0Cal is less than 0.75 times 3I0 or 3I0 is less than 0.75 times 3I0Cal, after 200 ms, an alarm
[Alm_CTS] will be issued.

If 3I0Cal exists (3I0Cal>0.1In) but 3U0 is nearly zero (3U0<3V) and there is a phase whose current is
zero at least, after 10s, an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be issued.

The logic scheme as shown in Figure 4.4-2

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 Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

No current (Any phase)

10s 10s
3I0Cal>0.1IN &
≥1 [Alm_CTS]
3U0<3V

3I0>0.1IN
≥1
200ms 10s
3I0Cal>0.1IN &

3I0>0.75×3I0Cal
≥1
3I0Cal>0.75×3I0

Figure 4.4-2 Logic scheme of CT circuit failure detection

When CT circuit failure is detected, CTS will have the following influence on protection.

„ to disable zero sequence current general fault detection

„ to disable stage 1, 2 and 4 zero sequence overcurrent element

„ to release direction guard of stage 3 zero sequence overcurrent element

3U0: zero-sequence voltage calculated depending on the summation of UA, UB and UC. (i.e.,
3U0=UA+UB+UC)

4.5 Communication Channel Supervision

Settings [ID_Local] and [ID_Remote] are used to identify the equipments installed on two terminals
of the same line. If ID_Remote received isn’t the same as setting [ID_Remote], after 100ms, an
alarm [Alm_ID_Ch] will be issued and persist for 1s.

When differential protection is disabled and persists for 400ms, an alarm [Alm_Ch] will be issued
and persist for 3s.

If no correct data is received within 100ms, after that, an alarm [Alm_Data_Ch] will be issued and
persist for 1s.

If 40 frame messages are failed in CRC check within 1s, an alarm [Alm_CRC_Ch] will be issued.

If differential current is greater than 0.1In and 80 percent of differential current is greater than
capacitive current calculated , an alarm [Alm_Xc] will be issued after 400ms delay.

If the protection device is under the state of communication test (The setting [En_CommTest] of
communication parameters is set as “1”), the alarm signal [Alm_CommTest] will be issued.

4.6 Differential Protection Supervision

When protective device picks up, simultaneously, current differential protection is disabled due to
[Alm_ID_Ch], [Alm_Data_Ch], [Alm_CRC_Ch] or [Alm_Ch] by displaying an alarm [Alm_OutDiffP].

4.7 Differential Current Supervision

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If the differential current is higher than low current setting of current differential protection [I_L_Diff]
for 10s, an alarm [Alm_Diff] will be issued and persist for 10s.

4.8 Thermal Overload Detection

When line is overloaded and the logic setting [En_OvLd1_Alm] or [En_OvLd2_Alm] is set as “1”,
an alarm [Alm_OvLd1] or [Alm_OvLd2] will be issued.

4.9 Handing the Alarms

Hardware circuit and operation condition of the equipment are self-supervised continuously. If any
abnormal condition is detected, information or report will be displayed and a corresponding alarm
will be issued.

A common abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other
functions can still work. However, if serious hardware failure or abnormality were detected, all
protection functions will be blocked and the LED “HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking
signal will be given by contacts output BSJ. The protective device then cannot work normally and
maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.

Note!

If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnose record. If the reason can not be found at site,
please notice the factory NR. Please Do not simply re-power on the protective device.

Table 4-1 Repairmen suggestion for alarms information

No. Alarm Solution

1 Alm_Smpl_DSP Replace the DSP module or notify the manufacturer
2 Alm_Smpl_CPU Replace the CPU module or notify the manufacturer
3 Alm_TripOut Replace the BO module or notify the manufacturer
Check the setting, reconfigured the setting and replace the CPU
4 Alm_Setting
module or notify the manufacturer
Check the setting, reconfigured the setting and replace the CPU
5 Alm_EEPROM
module or notify the manufacturer
6 Alm_InvalidGrp Check the correctness of settings and re-input settings
7 Alm_ROM Replace the CPU module or notify the manufacturer
8 Alm_RAM Replace the CPU module or notify the manufacturer
Check the sampled values and the connection of AC secondary
9 Alm_PersistI0
current circuit
Check the sampled values and the connection of AC secondary
10 Alm_PersistFD
current circuit
Check the sampled values and the connection of bus VT
11 Alm_VTS
secondary circuit

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No. Alarm Solution

Check the sampled values and the connection of line VT
12 Alm_VTS_Usyn
secondary circuit
13 Alm_CTS Check the sampled values and the CT secondary circuit
14 Alm_52b Check the circuit break 52b contact
15 Alm_Ch Check the Communication channel for pilot protection

16 Alm_Data_Ch Check the Communication channel for pilot protection

17 Alm_CRC_Ch Check the Communication channel for pilot protection

18 Alm_ID_Ch Check the setting [ID_Local], [ID_Remote] on both ends of line.
Check the wiring between PWR module and BI module. Replace the
19 Alm_Pwr_Opto
PWR module or BI module
Check trip coil or close coil of circuit breaker and wiring between the
20 Alm_TT
equipment and circuit breaker.
21 Alm_OvLd1 Check load current
22 Alm_OvLd2 Check load current
23 Alm_Xc Check settings and communication channel
24 Alm_Diff Check sampled current at both ends of line
25 Alm_OutDiffP Check communication channel
26 Alm_BI_ExTrp Check binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] and [BI_ExTrp3P_AR]
27 Alm_TCCS Control circuit of circuit breaker is broken
28 Alm_CommTest Set this setting [En_CommTest] of communication parameters as “0”

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 Chapter 5 Metering and Recording

Chapter 5 Metering and Recording

5.1 Metering Function

RCS-931 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The relay samples
24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS value in each interval and updates the LCD display
every 0.5 second. The measurement data can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or
on the local via software RCSTool_900 or remote PC. Navigate the menu to view the sampling
value through LCD screen. Access path in menu is:

MainMenu VALUES PORT MEASUREMENT

REPORT FD MEASUREMENT

PRINT PHASE ANGLE

SETTINGS TRP STATE

LOCAL CTRL ALM STATE

CLOCK BI STATE

VERSION BO STATE

LANGUAGE COMM STATE

TEST MODE CHANNEL A STATE

Figure 5.1-1 Access path in menu tree for VALUES

Measured directly

„ Magnitude of phase voltage (Ua, Ub, Uc)

„ Magnitude of synchronism voltage (U_Syn)

„ Magnitude of phase current (Ia, Ib, Ic)

„ Magnitude of zero sequence current 3I0 (directly measured through CT circuit)

„ Phase angle of (Ua-Ub, Ub-Uc, Uc-Ua)

„ Phase angle of (U_Syn-Ua)

„ Phase angle of (Ua-Ia_Local, Ub-Ib_Local, Uc-Ic_Local)

Received via optic fibre channel

„ Magnitude of phase current coming from the other end (Ioa, Iob, Ioc)

Calculated by DSP

„ Magnitude of frequency and synchronism frequency (f, f_Syn)

„ Magnitude of zero sequence voltage 3U0_Cal

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„ Phase angle of (U0-I0)

„ Phase angle of (U2-I2)

„ Phase angle of (Ia -Ioa, Ib -Iob, Ic -Ioc)

„ Differential current (Ida, Idb, Idc)

5.2 Recording Function

5.2.1 General description
The RCS-931 relay provides the following recording functions:

„ Event recording

„ Fault recording

These records are displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local or remote PC.
Navigate the menu to view the report through LCD screen. Access path in menu is:

MainMenu VALUES

REPORT TRP REPORT

PRINT ALM REPORT

SETTINGS BI CHG REPORT

LOCAL CTRL BO CHG REPORT

CLOCK CTRL REPORT

VERSION

LANGUAGE

TEST MODE

Figure 5.2-1 Access path in menu tree for REPORT

5.2.2 Event Recorder

Event recorder includes self-supervision report, binary input change report, binary output change
report and control report. The protection device can store 256 records of each kind for
self-supervision report, binary input change report, binary output change report and control report
in non-volatile memory.

5.2.2.1 Self-supervision Report

The protection device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or
abnormal condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged
in event recorder.

5.2.2.2 Binary Input Change Report

When there is binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”

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or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged as an event recorder.

5.2.2.3 Binary Output Change Report

When there is binary output is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged as an event recorder.

5.2.2.4 Control Report

Once the protection device detects some cases, such as reboot protection device, modify setting,
clear the report and so on, they will be logged in event recorder.

5.2.3 Fault recording

5.2.3.1 General description

Disturbance recording is consisted of fault operation report recording and fault waveform recording.
Disturbance recording is initiated by fault detection.

Disturbance recorder has two types:

1. Fault detector element picks up without operation of protective element (type A)

2. Fault detector element picks up with operation of protective elements (type B)

5.2.3.2 Fault recording capacity and information

The protective device can store up to 256 records of fault report in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 64 faults have been stored, the first type of fault report will be overwritten, and
then the oldest fault report will overwritten by the latest one if another new fault report is generated
againt.

For each trip report, the following items are included:

„ Sequence number

Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the report and displayed on LCD
screen.

„ Date and time of fault occurrence

The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via GPS if connected.
Initiating date and time is when a protective fault detection operates.

„ Operating time

An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the report.

„ Faulty phase

„ Fault location

To get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:

1) Positive sequence line reactance [X1L]

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2) Positive sequence line resistance [R1L]

3) Zero sequence line reactance [X0L]

4) Zero sequence line resistance [R0L]

5) Line length in km [LineLength]

„ protective elements

5.2.3.3 Fault waveform record capacity and information

The protective device can save 6 pieces of fault waveform. If a new fault occurs when 6 fault
waveform records have been stored, the oldest waveform of the type-A fault report will be
overwritten at first, if no the type-A fault report exist then the oldest waveform of the type-B fault
report will be overwritten.

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 Chapter 6 Hardware Description

Chapter 6 Hardware Description

6.1 General
RCS-931 relay is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for panel flush mounting. Components mounted
on its front include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 10 LED indicators, a 9 pin
connector for communication with PC and a 15 pin connector for analog inputs by HELP-90A
during commissioning. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the protective device for these
functions. The front view is shown as Figure 6.1-1.

GRP
ESC

Figure 6.1-1 Front view of RCS-931

The 10 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, “HEALTHY” (Operation indicator), “ALARM”
(Alarm indicator), “TRIP A, TRIP B and TRIP C” (Three-phase tripping indicators), “RECLOSE”
(Auto-reclosing indicator), and “LED 1, LED2, LED3 and LED4” (User-defined indicators). The
LED1~LED4 can be set freely by user based on the project requirement. As to buttons of the
keypad, “ENT” (Enter/Execute), “GRP” (Group number) and “ESC” (Cancel/Exit).

Figure 6.1-2 Rear view of RCS-931

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RCS-931 comprises following 13 plug-in modules. Figure 6.1-2 is rear view of the equipment and
shows disposition of these modules.

Table 6-1 Hardware configuration

Slot No. Item Description Remark

PWR DC power supply Required module, module
SLOT 1
type is selectable
AI AC current and voltage input Required module, module
SLOT 2
type is selectable
LPF Low-pass filter Required module, module
SLOT 3
type is selectable
CPU Control nucleus of the equipment Required module, module
SLOT 4
type is selectable
COM Communication interface Required module, module
SLOT 5
type is selectable
SLOT 6 BI Binary input opto-coupler module (DC 220V/110V) Required module
SLOT 7 BI Binary input opto-coupler module (DC 220V/110V) Required module
SLOT 8 SIG Signal module Required module
SLOT 9 BO Output module 1 Required module
SLOT A BO Output module 2 Required module
SLOT B BO Output module 3 Required module
SLOT C BO Output module 4 Optional module
SLOT D BO Output module 5 Optional module

6.2 Plug-in Modules

6.2.1 DC power supply module (#1 PWR)
DC power supply from DC panel should be connected to terminal 101 (+) and terminal 102 (-). The
voltage level can be 250V, 220V, 125V or 110V depended on different requirement. Please declare
voltage level of PWR module when ordering. DC power supply can be converted into three voltage
levels +5V, ±12V and +24V to be used by other modules of protective device through interference
filter, power switch on the rear and DC-to-DC converter. Terminal 104 (+) and terminal 105 (-)
output 24V as power supply of 24V BI module if it is used. Terminal 106 is surge ground. Figure
6.2-1 shows rear view and connections of DC power supply module.

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1
PWR

DC POWER 101
+

DC POWER 102
-

DC 101
103 From DC power supply 5V
DC 102
DC/DC ±12V
Opto-
coupler 104 24V
+24V

Opto- 24V 104 To other

coupler 105
-24V To OPT Optic Coupler 24V 105 modules
Ground 106
Ground 106

Figure 6.2-1 Rear view and connections of PWR module

Note!

When ordering, please mark the input voltage class of DC power supply.

6.2.2 AC input module (#2 AI)

I A , I B , I C and 3I 0 are phase current and zero sequence current input to AC input module
separately with rating 5 A or 1 A. Terminal 201, 203, 205 are polarity marks. It is assumed that
polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.

3I 0 shall be connected to the equipment, otherwise all relevant zero sequence current protection
will be disabled. Maximum linear range of the current converter is 30 In. Figure 6.2-2 shows rear
view and typical connection of AC input module.

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2
A
AI TA
B 52
IA 201 IA’ 202 C

VT
IB 203 IB’ 204
CURRENT

IC 205 IC’ 206

Isolating Transformer
Isolating Transformer
201
IA Ux
I0 207 I0' 208 UA 213
209 To LPF
202 214
UA 209 UB 210
203
IB
210
UB To LPF
To LPF
204
VOLTAGE

UC 211 UN 212
205
IC
211
UC
Ux 213 Ux’ 214 206

207
3I0
212
215 Ground
208

Figure 6.2-2 Rear view and typical connections of AI module

U A , U B , and U C are phase voltage input to AC input module. U X is the line voltage, it could
be any phase-ground voltage or phase-phase voltage, and terminal 213 is the polarity mark. If the
auto-reclosing is disabled or enabled but without any check, the voltage U X could be
disconnected. Terminal 215 is ground point. It shall be connected to ground bus.

6.2.3 Low-pass filter module (#3 LPF)

This module is used to filter high frequency disturbance from the AI module, regulate the input
level and used as an interface between the equipment and dedicated test instrument HELP-90A
developed by NR.

From module AC Adder Low-pass filter Measurement in CPU

From HELP-90A Adder Low-pass filter Measurement in DSP

Figure 6.2-3 Block diagram of module LPF module

6.2.4 Module CPU (#4 CPU)

Module CPU, control nucleus of the equipment, comprises monolithic micro controller CPU and
digital signal processor DSP. CPU finishes the following functions:

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CPU CPU CPU

RX RX

TX TX

RX

TX

Figure 6.2-4 Rear view of CPU module

„ General fault detection

„ Event recorder, fault oscillograph recorder (could be printed via serial port)

„ Print and communication with man-machine interface

„ Communication with the host of SCADA system of the substation

DSP finishes the following functions:

„ Algorithm and logic of protection

Sampling rate of the equipment is 24 point per cycle. Parallel real time data is calculated for
algorithm and logic of protection at every sampling point. So very high inherent reliability and
security are ensured to the equipment.

An optical transceiver is installed in this module. It exchanges AC current data and status signal
with remote end via 64 kbit/s or 2048kbit/s dedicated optical channel or multiplex PCM equipment.

6.2.5 Communication interface module (#5 COM)

Module COM performs connection between the equipment and the SCADA system or RTU. Four
types are available.

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Figure 6.2-5 Rear view of type A and external connections of COM module

Figure 6.2-6 Rear view of type B and external connections of COM module

Figure 6.2-7 Rear view of type D and external connections of COM module

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Ethernet 1 To SCADA system or RTU
10/100 TX
Ethernet 2 To SCADA system or RTU
COM 10/100 TX
Ethernet 3 To SCADA system or RTU
10/100 TX
Ethernet 4 To SCADA system or RTU
10/100 TX PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4 PORT 5 PORT 6 PORT 7

RS-485/
Type Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet RS-485 RS-485
RS-232
1 RS-485A
To local PC for debugging
2 RS-485B
Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair
3 RS-485GND Physical Layer
wire wire wire wire wire wire wire
4 RS-485A
To GPS for clock synchronism
5 RS-485B
6 RS-485GND
7 Printer RX
To printer or controller
8 Printer TX
9 Printer Ground
Type E

Figure 6.2-8 Rear view of type E and external connections of COM module

All ports used to communicate with the SCADA system or RTU support IEC60870-5-103 protocol,
moreover, Ethernet port in COM modules of type E also supports IEC61850. From Figure 6.2-5 to
Figure 6.2-8 shows rear view of these types and their external connections.

All types are equipped with a RS-485 port for debugging and it can be connected with local PC for
setting and testing via the software RCSTool_900 (need an additional converter to make the
RS-485 port be changed into RS-232 port).

All types are equipped with a RS-485 port for receiving second pulse signal (PPS-pulse per
second) from GPS and a port for printer. Printer port could be configured as RS-232 or RS-485 by
setting corresponding jumpers on the PCB (RS-232 default). If logic setting [En_Net_Print] is set to
“1” , printer port must be set as RS-485. Transmission rate of printer port can be set by the setting
[Printer_Baud] and should be the same with baud rate of the printer.

Note:

For the port used to printer or controller, it can be configured as RS-485 or RS-232 by setting
corresponding jumper of module COM. The port is configured as RS-232 by shorting PIN 1 and
PIN 2 and as RS-485 by shorting PIN 2 and PIN 3. As shown in Figure 6.2-9

Figure 6.2-9 Print Port Configuration

There are three options to finish time synchronization:

1. Receiving PPS (pulse per second) and PPM (pulse per minute) via external contact

2. Receiving PPS, PPM and IRIG-B signal via RS-485

3. Receiving time synchronization message from substation automation system

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6.2.6 Opto-coupler module (DC 220/110V) (#6 BI)

The positive pole (Terminal 101) of 220/110V power supply output from the PWR module is
connected to common port of binary input and the negative pole (Terminal 102) is connected to
terminal 630 in the BI module (-220/110V Opto). In the same time, the positive pole is also
connected to terminal 628 in the BI module (+220/110V Opto) used to supervise 220/110V power
supply whether it is normal or not.

„ Terminal 602 is the binary input [BI_Print].

It is used to trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual printing
mode by logic setting [En_Auto_Print]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually. If the
equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_Auto_Print]=1), report will be printed
automatically as soon as it is formed.

„ Terminal 604 is binary input [BI_Pulse_GPS].

It is used to receive clock synchronism signal from GPS or other equipment used clock
synchronism. When setting [GPS_Pulse] is set to “1”, the equipment receives PPM (pulse per
minute), otherwise, receives PPS (pulse per second). Clock synchronism via RS485 bus is
recommended. Only one of them can be selected. If clock synchronism via RS485 bus is selected,
terminal 604 need not be connected.

„ Terminal 606 is binary input [BI_RstTarg].

It is used to reset latching signal relay. It can be done by pressing a button on the panel or by
remote command via communication channel.

„ Terminal 608 is binary input [BI_BlkComm].

It is used to block monitoring direction communication. A link located on the panel is used for that.
When the equipment is in maintenance or commissioning status, this link should be closed. All of
the reports will not be sent via communication port then, but local displaying and printing are still
working. This link should be open during normal operation condition.

„ Terminal 610 is binary input [EBI_Opt1_AR]

„ Terminal 612 is binary input [EBI_Opt2_AR]

Table 6-2 shows the relation between the state of binary input and AR mode.

Table 6-2 The option of AR mode

Terminal 610 612

Binary input [EBI_Opt1_AR] [EBI_Opt2_AR]
1-pole AR 0 0
3-pole AR 1 0
1-pole/3-pole AR 0 1
OFF 1 1

Note!

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When logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set to “1”, the binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and

[EBI_Opt2_AR] are disabled.

„ Terminal 614 is binary input [EBI_LockOut].

It is used to initiate blocking auto-reclosing and tripping three-phase circuit breaker even if
single-phase fault occurs in the line.

„ Terminal 616 is binary input [BI_En_Z1].

It is used to enable zone 1 distance protection. Please refer to section 3.3.5.7.

„ Terminals 618 is binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR].

It is used to initiate auto-reclosing by single-pole tripping resulting from external protection

operating.

„ Terminal 620 is binary input [BI_ExTrp3P_AR].

It is used to initiate auto-reclosing by three-pole tripping resulting from external protection

operating.

„ Terminal 622 is binary input [BI_MCB_VT_Syn]

It is used to indicate line VT is out of service. When VT is maintained or protective device is in

service without protection VT, it is energized.

„ Terminal 624 is binary input [BI_MCB_VT]

It is used to indicate busbar VT is out of service. When TV is maintained or protective device is in

service without protection VT, it is energized.

„ Terminal 626 is binary input [BI_52b_Pha].

It is auxiliary switch contact of phase A circuit breaker, which is provided by interposing relay. (For
example, CZX-12R)

Note!

Binary inputs [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] and [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] are instantaneous operation

contacts, which will drop off after external protection returning immediately. If AR of the

protection equipment is disabled or 52b is used to initiate AR, the two terminals need not

be connected.

Figure 6.2-10 shows rear view and external connections of BI(#6) module.

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101 Positve polarity of DC220/110V OPTO

102 Negative polarity of DC220/110V OPTO

628 Positve polarity of DC220/110V OPTO

BI 630 Negative polarity of DC220/110V OPTO
602 [BI_Print]
604 [BI_Pulse_GPS]

601 606 [BI_ResetTarget]

602 608 [BI_BlkComm]
603
604 610 [EBI_Opt1_AR]
605
606 612 [EBI_Opt2_AR]
607
608 614 [EBI_Lockout]
609
610 616 [BI_En_Z1]
611
612 618 [BI_ExTrp1P_AR]
613
614 620 [BI_ExTrp3P_AR]
615
616 622 [BI_MCB_VT_Syn]
617
618 624 [BI_MCB_VT]
619
620 626 [BI_52_Pha]
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630

Figure 6.2-10 Rear view and external connections of BI(#6) module

6.2.7 Opto-coupler module (DC 220/110 Option) (#7 BI)

Terminal 728 is the positive pole of DC 220V/110V power supply and terminal 730 the negative
pole of DC 220V/110V power supply.

„ Terminal 702 is binary input [BI_52b_Phb]

It is auxiliary switch contact of phase B circuit breaker, which is provided by interposing relay. (For
example, CZX-12R)

„ Terminal 704 is binary input [BI_52b_Phc]

It is auxiliary switch contact of phase B circuit breaker, which is provided by interposing relay. (For
example, CZX-12R)

„ Terminal 706 is binary input [BI_LowPres_AR].

It is used to block auto-reclosing when low pressure for reclosing. If auto-reclosing of protective
device is disabled, the terminal need not be connected.

„ Terminal 708 is binary input [BI_Send_TT]

It is used to send transfer trip to remote protective device to inter-trip remote circuit breaker
through the channel.

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„ Terminal 710 is binary input [BI_Send_TS1].

It is used to send transfer signal to remote protective device.

„ Terminal 712 is binary input [BI_Send_TS2].

It is used to send transfer signal to remote protective device.

„ Terminals 714, 716, 718, 720, 722, 724and 726 are reserved binary input.

Figure 6.2-11 shows rear view and external connections of BI(#7) module.

Figure 6.2-11 Rear view and external connections of BI(#7) module

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6.2.8 Signal relay module (#8 SIG)

8 LOCAL SIGNAL
SIG 02
BSJ_1
COM1 802 801 04
BJJ_1
BSJ_1 804 803 06
BJJ_1 806 805 REMOTE SIGNAL
COM2 808 807 08
BSJ_2
BSJ_2 810 809 10
BJJ_2
BSJ_2 812 811 12
COM3 814 813 BREAKER FAILURE INITIATION
BO_BFI_A_1 816 815 14
BO_BFI_A_1
BO_BFI_B_1 818 817 16
BO_BFI_B_1
BO_BFI_C_1 820 819 18
BO_BFI_C_1
COM4 822 821 20
BO_BFI_A_2 824 823 22
BO_BFI_A_2
BO_BFI_B_2 826 825 24
BO_BFI_B_2
BO_BFI_C_2 828 827 26
BO_BFI_C_2
830 829 28

Pin No. Description

802 Common terminal for local signal
802~804 Binary output 1 of failure signal
802~806 Binary output 1 of alarm signal
808 Common terminal for remote signal
808~810 Binary output 2 of failure signal
808~812 Binary output 2 of alarm signal
814 Common terminal 1 for breaker failure initiation
814~816 Binary output 1 of phase-A breaker failure initiation
814~818 Binary output 1 of phase-B breaker failure initiation
814~820 Binary output 1 of phase-C breaker failure initiation
822 Common terminal 2 for breaker failure initiation
822~824 Binary output 2 of phase-A breaker failure initiation
822~826 Binary output 2 of phase-B breaker failure initiation
822~828 Binary output 2 of phase-C breaker failure initiation

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6.2.9 Output relay module (#9 BO)

9 TRIP/CLOSING TRIP
BO 02 20
TJA_1 TJA_4
COM2 902 COM1 901 05 19
TJB_1 TJB_4
COM3 904 903 07 21
TJC_1 TJC_4
906 TJA_1 905 09 22
TJA_2 908 TJB_1 907 04 TRIP
TJA_2
TJB_2 910 TJC_1 909 08 24
TJB_2 TJA_5
TJC_2 912 HJ_1 911 10 23
TJC_2 TJB_5
914 913 12 25
TJC_5
COM4 916 TJA_3 915 01 26
HJ_1
TJC_3 918 TJB_3 917 11 REMOTE SIGNAL
COM5 920 TJA_4 919 CLOSING 2 16
TJA_3
TJC_4 922 TJB_4 921 15
TJB_3
COM6 924 TJA_5 923 17
TJC_3
TJC_5 926 TJB_5 925 18
HJ_2 928 HJ_2 927 29 27
HJ_3 HJ_2
HJ_3 930 HJ_3 929 30 28

Pin No. Description

901 Common terminal 1 of closing
901~911 Binary output 1 of closing signal
902 Common terminal 1 of tripping
902~905 Binary output 1 of tripping signal of phase A
902~907 Binary output 1 of tripping signal of phase B
902~909 Binary output 1 of tripping signal of phase C
904 Common terminal 2 of tripping
904~908 Binary output 2 of tripping signal of phase A
904~910 Binary output 2 of tripping signal of phase B
904~912 Binary output 2 of tripping signal of phase C
916 Common terminal 1 for remote signal
916~915 Binary output 3 of tripping signal of phase A
916~917 Binary output 3 of tripping signal of phase B
916~918 Binary output 3 of tripping signal of phase C
920 Common terminal 3 of tripping
920~919 Binary output 4 of tripping signal of phase A
920~921 Binary output 4 of tripping signal of phase B
920~922 Binary output 4 of tripping signal of phase C
924 Common terminal 4 of tripping
924~923 Binary output 5 of tripping signal of phase A
924~925 Binary output 5 of tripping signal of phase B
924~926 Binary output 5 of tripping signal of phase C
927~928 Binary output 2 of closing signal
929~930 Binary output 3 of closing signal

The first BO module provides five groups of phase-segregated trip contacts and three groups of

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auto-reclosing contacts, which are all instantaneous operating contact. The normally open contact
902~905, 902~907, 902~909 and 901~911, are connected with the first group of tripping coil and
closing coil of interposing relay to trip and close circuit breaker respectively, for example, CZX-12R.
Others are used as remote signal, to initiate fault recorder and to initiate circuit breaker failure
protection. If there are two circuit breakers needed tripped, for example, 3/2 breaker arrangement,
the normally open contact 904~908, 904~910 and 904~912 are used to trip the second circuit
breaker.

6.2.10 Output relay module (#A BO)

Figure 6.2-12 shows output contacts and corresponding terminals provided by this module.

A Channel Fail To start AR

BO 01 15
TDGJ-1 TJABC-2
TDGJ_1 A02 TDGJ_1 A01 02 16
TDGJ_2 A04 TDGJ_2 A03 03 17
TDGJ-2 BCJ-1
TDGJ_3 A06 TDGJ_3 A05 04 18
19
TDGJ_4 A08 TDGJ_4 A07 05 BCJ-2
TDGJ-3 20
TJ_1 A10 TJ_1 A09 06
Transfer signal 1
TJ_2 A12 TJ_2 A11 07
TDGJ-4 21
TJABC-1 A14 TJABC-1 A13 08 YC1-1
22
TJABC-2 A16 TJABC-2 A15 To start AR
A18 A17
23
BCJ_1 BCJ_1
09 YC1-2
A20 A19
TJ-1 24
BCJ_2 BCJ_2
10
YC1-1 A22 YC1-1 A21 Transfer signal 2
11
A24 A23
TJ-2
YC1-2 YC1-2
12 25
YC2-1
YC2-1 A26 YC2-1 A25 26
13
A28 A27 TJABC-1
YC2-2 YC2-2
14 27
YC2-2
A30 A29 28

Figure 6.2-12 Output contacts and terminals of BO(#A) module

Pin No. Description

A01~A02 Binary output 1 of channel alarm signal
A03~A04 Binary output 2 of channel alarm signal
A05~A06 Binary output 3 of channel alarm signal
A07~A08 Binary output 4 of channel alarm signal
A09~A10 Binary output 1 of blocking closing signal
A11~A12 Binary output 2 of blocking closing signal
A13~A14 Binary output 1 of tripping signal. It operates when
the equipment trips (single-pole tripping or three-pole
tripping)
A15~A16 Binary output 2 of tripping signal. It operates when
the equipment trips (single-pole tripping or three-pole
tripping)
A17~A18 Binary output 1 of tripping signal. It operates when
the equipment 3-pole tripping

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A19~A20 Binary output 2 of tripping signal. It operates when

the equipment 3-pole tripping
A21~A22 Binary output 1 of remote status signal 1. It will
operate if remote status signal 1 is received.
A23~A24 Binary output 2 of remote status signal 1. It will
operate if remote status signal 1 is received.
A25~A26 Binary output 1 of remote status signal 2. It will
operate if remote status signal 2 is received.
A27~A28 Binary output 2 of remote status signal 2. It will
operate if remote status signal 2 is received.

TJ is an auxiliary tripping relay. It operates when the equipment trips (single-pole tripping or
three-pole tripping). It can be connected to binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] of other protection
equipment to initiate AR.

TDGJ is channel alarm relay with normally closed contacts. When the equipment does not receive
the signal from remote end, data frame is abnormal during transmitting, the settings related with
channel of equipments on two ends are wrong (including [Equip_ID], [ID_Local], [ID_Remote] and
[En_InnClock]) or error rate of channel is higher than 0.1 percent, 2 TDGJ contacts are all closed.

YC1 and YC2 are remote status signal relay. They will operate if remote status signal is received.
At local terminal, when binary input [BI_Send_TS1] or [BI_Send_TS2] is energized, a binary signal
will be sent to remote terminal. At remote terminal, when such a binary signal received, binary
input state of [BI_Recv_TS1] or [BI_Recv_TS2] will change to 1, and corresponding binary output
contacts [YC] will close.

TJABC is an auxiliary tripping relay. It operates when the equipment 3-pole tripping. It can be
connected to binary input [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] of other protection equipment to initiate AR.

BCJ is an auxiliary blocking closing relay. It operates when the equipment trips and the condition
of blocking AR is met at the same time.

TJ, TJABC and BCJ all output two sets of contacts to other protection equipments.

6.2.11 Output relay module (#B BO)

BO(#B) module can provide ten contacts used for indicating when fails in synchronism, blocking
auto-reclosing and so on. Figure 6.2-13 shows output contacts and corresponding terminals
provided by this module.

At present, the last group (two pairs) of output contacts ( BO25_1, BO25_2) are configurable.

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B Fail in Synchronism Fail in auto-reclosing

BO
09 17
Syn_fail-1 AR_Fail-1
B02 B01
10 18
B04 B03
11 19
B06 B05 Syn_fail-2 AR_Fail-2
12 20
B08 B07
Initiating auto-reclosing Blocking auto-reclosing
Syn_fail-1 B10 Syn_fail-1 B09

Syn_fail-2 B12 Syn_fail-2 B11 13 21

AR_INP-1 AR_BLK-1
AR_INP-1 B14 AR_INP-1 B13 14 22
AR_INP-2 B16 AR_INP-2 B15
15 23
AR_INP-2 AR_BLK-2
AR_Fail-1 B18 AR_Fail-1 B17 24
16
AR_Fail-2 B20 AR_Fail-2 B19
Reserved binary output
AR_BLK-1 B22 AR_BLK-1 B21

AR_BLK-2 B24 AR_BLK-2 B23 25

BO25_1
BO25_1 B26 BO25_1 B25 26
BO25_2 B28 BO25_2 B27 27
BO25_2
B30 B29 28

Figure 6.2-13 Output contacts and terminals of BO(#B) module

Pin No. Description

B09~B10 Binary output 1 of fail in synchronism signal
B11~B12 Binary output 2 of fail in synchronism signal
B13~B14 Binary output 1 of initiating auto-reclosing signal.
B15~B16 Binary output 2 of initiating auto-reclosing signal.
B17~B18 Binary output 1 of fail in auto-reclosing signal.
B19~B20 Binary output 2 of fail in auto-reclosing signal.
B21~B22 Binary output 1 of blocking auto-reclosing signal.
B23~B24 Binary output 2 of blocking auto-reclosing signal.
B25~B26 BO25_1
Configurable
B27~B28 BO25_2

6.2.12 Output relay module (#C~D Extended BO module)

According to the project requirement, it is available that adding extended BO module provides
additional binary outputs. Two extended BO modules can be selected at most, and their
corresponding slot number are C~D.

Extended #C BO module can provides 7 groups of normally open contacts and 2 contacts without
common terminal for each group. Extended #D BO module can provides 6 groups of normally
open contacts and 2 contacts without common terminal for each group. All the contacts are
configurable.

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Figure 6.2-14 Output contacts and terminals of extended BO module

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Chapter 7 Settings
The protection device has 15 setting groups for protection to coordinate with the different mode of
power system operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, the equipment
parameters and the communication parameters are common for all protection setting groups.

Note!

All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current
by CT ratio. Zero sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0 and
negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.

7.1 Equipment Settings

Table 7.1-1 Equipment Settings

No. Item Range Step Unit

1 Active_Grp 0~14 1
2 Language 0~2 1
3 Equip_ID
4 En_Remote_Cfg 0, 1

1. Active_Grp

This setting means current active group of setting. Fifteen setting groups are provided to select,
group number from 0 to 14. Equipment parameters are shared for 15 setting groups.

2. Language

This setting is used to select the LCD display language. User can select “0”-Chinese, “1”-English
and “2”-the third-party language (local language of the area used).

3. Equip_ID

This setting means the identity of substation or plant. It can be set as a character string which is
made of 16 characters at most.

4. En_Remote_Cfg

This setting is used to determine whether the protection settings can be modified remotely via
SCADA or RTU. “1” means that settings can be remotely configured via SCADA or RTU, otherwise,
it should be set to “0”.

7.2 Communication Settings

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Table 7.2-1 Communication Settings

No. Item Range Step Unit

1 Comm_Addr 0~65535 1
2 COM1_Baud 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 bps
3 COM2_Baud 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 bps
4 COM1_Protocol 0~8
5 COM1_Protocol 0~8
6 Printer_Baud 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400,57600 bps
7 Debug_Baud 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 bps
8 TimeZone 0~23.9
9 ID_SourceStation_Net 0~65535
10 ID_Server_SNTP 0~65535
11 IP_Addr_Net1
12 Subnet_Mask_Net1
13 GateWay_Local_Net1
14 GateWay_Remote_Net1
15 IP_Addr_Net2
16 Subnet_Mask_Net2
17 GateWay_Local_Net2
18 GateWay_Remote_Net2
19 IP_Addr_Net3
20 Subnet_Mask_Net3
21 GateWay_Local_Net3
22 GateWay_Remote_Net3
23 IP_Addr_Net4
24 Subnet_Mask_Net4
25 GateWay_Local_Net4
26 GateWay_Remote_Net4
27 En_Router_Net1 0, 1
28 En_Router_Net2 0, 1
29 En_Router_Net3 0, 1
30 En_Router_Net4 0, 1
31 En_Iec103_Inf 0, 1
32 En_Auto_Print 0, 1
33 En_CommTest 0, 1

1. Comm_Addr

It is the communication address between the protection device with the SCADA or RTU via
RS-485.

2. COM1_Baud

The baud rate of rear RS-485 communication port 1.

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3. COM2_Baud

The baud rate of rear RS-485 communication port 2. It is recommended that the baud rate of rear
RS-485 communication port 2 is set as “57600” which will be connected with local PC via an
additional converter for debugging.

4. COM1_Protocol

It is communication protocol of rear RS-485 serial port 1.

0: IEC 60870-5-103 protocol

1: LFP protocol (private protocol)

2: Modbus protocol

3: DNP protocol

5. COM2_Protocol

The communication protocol of rear RS-485 serial port 2 (Invalid).

6. Printer_Baud

It is the baud rate of printer port, which should be as same as the baud rate of printer.

7. Debug_Baud

It is the baud rate of front communication port for setting and testing via the software
RCSTool_900.

8. TimeZone

It is applied to communication function of IEC 61850, which should be set according to the time
zone of Greenwich Mean Time.

9. ID_SourceStation_Net

It is the communication address between the protection device with the SCADA or RTU via
Ethernet based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol.

10. ID_Server_SNTP

It is the communication address of SNTP server which provides time reference based on IEC
61850 protocol.

11. IP_Addr_Net1/IP_Addr_Net2/IP_Addr_Net3/IP_Addr_Net4

They are IP address of Ethernet 1, Ethernet 2, Ethernet 3 and Ethernet 4 respectively. They are
applied to communication based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol via Ethernet or IEC 61850 protocol.

12. Subnet_Mask_Net1/Subnet_Mask_Net2/Subnet_Mask_Net3/Subnet_Mask_Net4

They are subnet mask of Ethernet 1, Ethernet 2, Ethernet 3 and Ethernet 4 respectively.

13. GateWay_Local_Net1/GateWay_Local_Net2/GateWay_Local_Net3/GateWay_Local_Net

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They are gateway of Ethernet 1, Ethernet 2, Ethernet 3 and Ethernet 4 of local substation
respectively. When the protection device communicates with master station of relay protection
directly not via protection management unit, they are applied to communication based on IEC
60870-5-103 protocol via Ethernet.

14. GateWay_Remote_Net1/GateWay_Remote_Net2/GateWay_Remote_Net3/GateWay_Re
mote_Net4

They are gateway of Ethernet 1, Ethernet 2, Ethernet 3 and Ethernet 4 of remote substation
respectively. When the protection device communicates with master station of relay protection
directly not via protection management unit, they are applied to communication based on IEC
60870-5-103 protocol via Ethernet.

15. En_Router_Net1/En_Router_Net2/En_Router_Net3/En_Router_Net4

When the protection device communicates with master station of relay protection directly not via
protection management unit, they are used to determine whether communication route pass a
router based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol via Ethernet.

16. En_Iec103_Inf

When spontaneous events are sent via generic services based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol, this
setting should be setting as “0”. When spontaneous events are sent in the format of FUN and INF
based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol, this setting should be set as “1”.

17. En_Auto_Print

When this setting is set as “1”, the protection device will print automatically the latest fault report
generated after the protection device forms a new disturbance recorder.

18. En_CommTest

In order to be convenient to make a communication commissioning in field, this setting is

configured especially for this requirement. When this setting is set as “1”, by the submenus “TEST”,
all reports can be generated manually and sent to the SCADA.

7.3 System Settings

Table 7.3-1 System Settings

No. Parameter Seting Range Default Setting Notes/Comments

1 Fn 50~60Hz 50Hz System nominal frequency
Primary rated phase-to-phase
2 U1n 100kV~1000kV TBA
voltage of VT
Secondary rated phase-to-phase
3 U2n 80~150V 63.50
voltage of VT
4 I1n 300~4000A TBA Primary rated current of CT
5 I2n 1,5 A 1 Secondary rated current of CT

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No. Parameter Seting Range Default Setting Notes/Comments

“1”-three-phase voltage used for
protection measurement comes
6 En_LineVT 0,1 0
from line side; “0”-three-phase
voltage comes from busbar side

1. Fn

System nominal frequency.

2. U1n

Primary rated voltage of VT.

3. U2n

Secondary rated voltage of VT.

4. I1n

Primary rated current of CT.

5. I2n

Secondary rated current of CT.

6. En_LineVT

If three-phase voltage used for protection measurement comes from line side (for example, 3/2
breaker), it should be set as “1”. If three-phase voltage comes from busbar side, it should be set as
“0”.

7.4 Protection Settings

All settings of protection are based on secondary nominals of VT and CT.

Table 7-2 Protection settings

Default
No. Parameter Setting Range Notes/Comments
Setting
Setting of DPFC current fault
detector
1 Ipp_Incr_FD 0.02~30 A×IN 0.2In
(Detects the magnitude change of
Phase-Phase Current)
Setting of zero sequence current
2 I_ROC_FD 0.02~30 A×IN 0.2In
fault detector
Impedance setting of DPFC
3 Z_DPFC 0.5~37.5Ω/IN 5
distance element
Current ratio factor of CT
Larger CT Ratio used as Reference
4 K_CT 0.25~1.00 1 CT
K_CT = 1
K_CT (Remote) = CT Ratio

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Default
No. Parameter Setting Range Notes/Comments
Setting
(Remote) Reference CT
High setting of differential current
element
5 I_H_Diff 0.04~30 A×IN 2In
(Setting for Stage 1 DPFC &
Steady State Diff Elements)
Low setting of differential current
element
6 I_L_Diff 0.04~30 A×IN 0.9In
(Setting for Stage 2 DPFC &
Steady State Elements)
Differential current for CT circuit
failure
7 I_Diff_CTS 0.04~30 A×IN 3In (Only activated when Alm_CTS OR
Alm_Diff is asserted and with
En_CTSBlkDiff = 0
The ID of local equipment
8 ID_Local 0～65535 1
(Local Relay Address)
The ID of remote equipment
9 ID_Remote 0～65535 2
(Remote Relay Address)
Zero sequence compensation
10 K0 0~10 0.6
factor
Current setting for power swing
11 I_OC_PSBR 0.02~30 A×IN 1In
detecting
Zone 1 of phase-to-ground
12 Z_PG1 0.05~200Ω/IN 5
distance element
Time delay of zone 1
13 t_Z1 0.0~100s 0 phase-to-ground and
phase-to-phase distance element
Zone 2 of phase-to-ground
14 Z_PG2 0.05~200Ω/IN 8
distance element
Time setting of zone 2 of
15 t_PG2 0.0~100s 0.5
phase-to-ground distance element
Zone 3 of phase-to-ground
16 Z_PG3 0.05~200Ω/IN 12 distance element
(Not Used)
Time setting of zone 3 of
17 t_PG3 0.0~100s 2
phase-to-ground distance element
Zone 1 of phase-to-phase distance
18 Z_PP1 0.05~200Ω/IN 5
element
Zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance
19 Z_PP2 0.05~200Ω/IN 8
element
Time setting of zone 2 of
20 t_PP2 0.0~100s 0.5
phase-to-phase distance element
Zone 3 of phase-to-ground
21 Z_PP3 0.05~200Ω/IN 12
distance element
Time setting of zone 3 of
22 t_PP3 0.0~100s 2
phase-to-ground distance element
Forward impedance setting of
23 Z_Fwd_Rev 0.05~200Ω/IN 1
reversal distance element

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Default
No. Parameter Setting Range Notes/Comments
Setting
Reverse impedance setting of
24 Z_Rev_Rev 0.05~200Ω/IN 2
reversal distance element
Time setting of reverse distance
25 t_Rev 0.0~100s 2
element
15 Restrict impedance of the reach of
26 R_Blinder 0.05~200Ω/IN
distance element
Resistance setting of zone 1 of
27 R1_Quad 0.05~200Ω/IN 8 quadrilateral characteristic distance
element
Resistance setting of zone 2 of
28 R2_Quad 0.05~200Ω/IN 20 quadrilateral characteristic distance
element
Resistance setting of zone 3 of
29 R3_Quad 0.05~200Ω/IN 30 quadrilateral characteristic distance
element
Phase angle of positive sequence
30 phi1_Reach 45°~90° 78
line impedance
Phase angle of zero sequence line
31 phi0_Reach 45°~90° 78
impedance
Phase shift of zone 1 and 2
32 phi_Shift_ZPG 0°~30° 0
phase-to-ground distance element
Phase shift of zone 1 and 2
33 phi_Shift_ZPP 0°~30° 0
phase-to-phase distance element
Stage 1 of zero sequence
34 I_ROC1 0.02~30 A×IN 1.3 In
overcurrent element
Time delay of stage 1 of
35 t_ROC1 0.0~100s 0.01
zero-sequence overcurrent element
Stage 2 of zero sequence
36 I_ROC2 0.02~30 A×IN 1.2 In
overcurrent element
Time setting of stage 2 of zero
37 t_ROC2 0.01~100s 0.5
sequence overcurrent element
Stage 3 of zero sequence
38 I_ROC3 0.02~30 A×IN 0.8 In
overcurrent element
Time setting of stage 3 of zero
39 t_ROC3 0.01~100s 2
sequence overcurrent element
Stage 4 of zero sequence
40 I_ROC4 0.02~30 A×IN 0.6 In
overcurrent element
Time setting of stage 4 of zero
41 t_ROC4 0.01~100s 5
sequence overcurrent element
Accelerated stage of zero
42 I_ROC_SOTF 0.02~30 A×IN 1 In
sequence overcurrent element
Threshold multiple of overload
43 ThM_OvLd_Alm 1.00~3.00 1.05
element for alarming
Threshold multiple of overload
44 ThM_OvLd_Trp 1.00~3.00 1.1
element for tripping
45 Ib_OvLd 0.02~10 A×IN 5 In Basic current of overload element
46 t_Disspt_OvLd 0.1~100s 6 Time constant of inverse-time

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Default
No. Parameter Setting Range Notes/Comments
Setting
overload element
Phase overcurrent for VT circuit
47 I_OC_VTS 0.02~30 A×IN 2 In
failure
Time setting of phase overcurrent
48 t_OC _VTS 0.01~100s 0.5
element for VT circuit failure
Zero sequence overcurrent for VT
49 I_ROC_VTS 0.02~30 A×IN 1 In
circuit failure
Time setting of zero sequence
50 t_ROC_VTS 0.01~100s 0.5 overcurrent element for VT circuit
failure
Current setting of stage 1 of phase
51 I_OC1 0.02~30 A×IN 1.3In
overcurrent element
Time setting of stage 1 of phase
52 t_OC1 0.01~100s 0.5
overcurrent element
Time characteristic setting of stage
1 of phase over-current protection
0:definite-time
1: IEC Normal inverse-time
2: IEC Very Inverse
53 Opt_Curve_OC1 0~7 0
3: IEC Extremely Inverse
4: IEC Long-time Inverse
5: ANSI Moderately Inverse
6: ANSI Very Inverse
7: ANSI Extremely Inverse
Current setting of stage 1 of phase
54 I_OC2 0.02~30 A×IN 1.0In
overcurrent element
Time setting of stage 2 of phase
55 t_OC2 0.01~100s 0.5
overcurrent element

Phase difference limit of

56 phi_Diff_SynChk 0°~90° 20
synchronism check

fixed phase difference between bus

57 phi_Fix_Diff 0°~360° 0
voltage and line voltage

Frequency difference limit of

58 f_Diff_SynChk 0.02~1Hz 0.1
synchronism check

Voltage difference limit of

synchronism check (phase voltage
59 V_Diff_SynChk 0.01V~60V 10
or phase-to-phase voltage depends
on the synchronism voltage)

Voltage threshold for dead line/bus

check (phase voltage or
60 V_Dead 5V～110V 30
phase-to-phase voltage depends
on the synchronism voltage)

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Default
No. Parameter Setting Range Notes/Comments
Setting
Voltage threshold for live line/bus
check (phase voltage or
61 V_Live 5V～110V 40
phase-to-phase voltage depends
on the synchronism voltage)
62 t_1P_AR 0.01~600s 1 Time setting of single-pole AR
63 t_3P_AR 0.01~600s 0.8 Time setting of three-pole AR
Time delay of circuit breaker in closed
64 t_CBClsd_AR 0.01~600s 5
state before reclosing

Waiting time before announcing

unsuccessful autoreclosing
65 t_Unsuc_AR 0.01~600s 30
(Set more than CB Closing Time
with margin)

Maximum wait time for sync

66 t_Wait_SynChk_AR 0.10~600s 0.5
(Synchronising window)

67 t_PW_AR 0.01~600s 0.12 Circuit breaker closing pulse length

68 t_Reclaim_AR 0.10~600s 25 Reclaim time of AR

Positive sequence reactance of the

69 X1L 0~655.35Ω/IN 23.5
line
Positive sequence resistance of the
70 R1L 0~655.35Ω/IN 5
line
Positive sequence capacitive
71 XC1L 0~6550Ω/IN 120
impedance of the line
Zero sequence capacitive
72 XC0L 0~6550Ω/IN 5
impedance of the line
Zero sequence reactance of the
73 X0L 0~655.35Ω/IN 154
line
Zero sequence resistance of the
74 R0L 0~655.35Ω/IN 23.5
line
75 LineLength 0~655.35 km 100 Total length of the line

7.4.1 Settings Description

1) Ipp_Incr_FD

This value should be bigger than maximum variation of load current and typically 0.2 In. For line
with wide variation of load current like those for electric railway, heavy rolling mill or
aluminum-smelting, the setting should be increased properly so that frequent pickup of the
equipment could be avoided.

2) I_ROC_FD

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It shall be greater than maximum zero-sequence unbalance current. Setting it based on same
primary current on both ends.

3) Z_DPFC

The setting of DPFC distance element: it shall be 80~85% impedance of whole line.

4) K_CT

CT ratio correction

The ratio of CTs on two terminals of the line could be different. it could be corrected by the setting
[k_CT].

Setting principle: Suppose CT ratio, Terminal M: kM=IM1n : IM2n; Terminal N: is and kN=IN1n : IN2n

IM1n: primary rated current of terminal M, IM2n: secondary rated current of terminal M

IN1n: primary rated current of terminal N, IN2n: secondary rated current of terminal N

If IM1n>= IN1n, then set [k_CT]

Terminal M: [K_CT]=1.00

Terminal N: [k_CT]=IN1n / IM1n

For example:

Terminal M: CT ratio=2500 : 1, its setting [K_CT] is set as “1.0”

Terminal N: CT ratio=1250 : 5, its setting [k_CT] is set as “0.5”

5) I_H_Diff

Set it not less than 4 times of capacitive current and usually not less than 0.2 In. Sensitivity of this
setting should be checked by short circuit current of internal fault. Setting it based on same
primary current on both ends.

6) I_L_Diff

Set it not less than 1.5 times of capacitive current and usually not less than 0.1 In. Sensitivity of
this setting should be checked by minimum short circuit current of internal fault. Setting it based on
same primary current on both ends.

7) I_Diff_CTS

The operating value of the differential protection when it is not blocked by CTS.

8) ID_Local and ID_Remote

Used to confirm that equipments at both ends of line are compatible. The end of which setting
[ID_Local] should be same as the [ID_Remote] of the other and the greater [ID_Local] between
the two ends is chosen as a master end for sampling synchronism, the other is a slave end. If the
setting [ID_Local] is set as same as [ID_Remote], that means the equipment in loopback testing
state.

9) K0

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Zero-sequence compensation factor;

Setting principle: K0 = (Z0L–Z1L)/3Z1L, where Z0L and Z1L are zero and positive sequence
impedance of the line respectively. Actual measurement value is suggested adopted, but
calculated value with 0.05 subtracted from can also be used if there is not actual measurement
value.

10) I_OC_PSBR

This current setting should be greater than maximum load current of the line.

11) Z_PG1

Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line and should be decreased
properly for line with mutual inductance.

12) Z_PP1

Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line.

13) Z_PG2, Z_PG3, Z_PP2, Z_PP3, t_PG2, t_PG3, t_PP2 and t_PP3

Setting of the impedance and time delay of these zones should meet requirements between
various zones and operation should be ensured even for fault at end of the line.

14) Z_Rev

Impedance setting of reversal distance element;

Setting principle: it should be 50% impedance of the whole line.

15) t_Rev

Time delay of reversal distance element;

Setting principle: it should meet requirement between zone 3 distance element and busbar
protection.

16) R_Blinder

It should be less than the minimum impedance measured during heavy load conditions

17) phi_Shift_ZPG

Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-ground distance element. Recommended value: 30°for
length of the line < 10 km, 15°for length ≥10 km and 0°for length ≥40 km.

18) phi_Shift_ZPP

Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-phase distance element. Recommended value: 30°for length
of the line < 2 km, 15°for length ≥2 km and 0°for length ≥10 km.

19) phi1_Reach and phi0_Reach

Phase angle of positive and zero sequence impedance of the line. Set as they should be.

20) I_ROC1, I_ROC2, t_ROC2, I_ROC3, t_ROC3, I_ROC4 and t_ROC4

Current settings and time delay of zero-sequence overcurrent elements.

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21) I_ROC_SOTF

This setting should ensure sufficient sensitivity to ground fault at end of the line.

22) ThM_OvLd_Alm

Percentage of thermal capacity of overload element for alarming;

It is K2 of IEC 60255-8 thermal characteristic (please refer to 3.3.6).

When line is overload, if percentage of allowable thermal capacity is greater than

[ThM_OvLd_Alm], overload protection operates to send alarm signal. For example, 1.05
(corresponding with 105%)

23) ThM_OvLd_Trp

Percentage of thermal capacity of overload element for tripping;

It is K2 of IEC 60255-8 thermal characteristic (please refer to 3.3.6).

When line is overload, if percentage of allowable thermal capacity is greater than [ThM_OvLd_Trp],
overload protection operates to trip circuit breaker. For example, 1.1 (corresponding with 110%)

[ThM_OvLd_Trp] should be not less than [ThM_OvLd_Alm].

24) Ib_OvLd

Reference current of overload element;

It is allowable overload current, i.e., IB of IEC 60255-8 thermal characteristic (please refer to 3.3.6).
It is critical value corresponding with maximum thermal capacity which can be permitted to be in
service for a long time.

25) t_Disspt_OvLd

Time delay of overload element for alarming or tripping;

It is τ of IEC 60255-8 thermal characteristic (please refer to 3.3.6)

26) I_OC_VTS

Current setting of phase overcurrent element for VTS.

27) I_ROC_VTS

Current setting of zero sequence overcurrent element for VTS.

28) t_OC/ROC_VTS

Time setting of phase and zero sequence overcurrent elements for VTS.

29) I_OC1

Current setting of stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection element

30) t_OC1

Time setting of stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection element

31) Opt_Curve_OC1

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Time characteristic setting for stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection while definite-time
characteristic and seven kinds of inverse-time characteristics can be chose. According to
IEC60255-3 standard, four kinds of IEC inverse-time characteristics and three kinds of ANSI/IEEE
inverse-time characteristics are provided to choose from. It can be shown in the following table.

Opt_Curve_OC1 k α c
0: definite-time - - -
1: IEC Normal Inverse-time characteristic 0.14 0.02 0
2: IEC Very Inverse-time characteristic 13.5 1 0
3: IEC Extremely Inverse-time characteristic 80 2 0
4: IEC Long-time Inverse-time characteristic 120 1 0
5: ANSI Moderately Inverse-time characteristic 0.0515 0.02 0.114
6: ANSI Very Inverse-time characteristic 19.61 2 0.0185
7: ANSI Extremely Inverse-time characteristic 28.2 2 0.1217
32) I_OC2
Current setting of stage 2 of phase overcurrent protection element
33) t_OC2
Time setting of stage 2 of phase overcurrent protection element
34) phi_Diff_SynChk

Phase difference limit for syhnronism check

35) f_Diff_SynChk

Frequency difference limit for syhnronism check

36) V_Diff_SynChk

Voltage difference limit for syhnronism check

37) t_1P_AR and t_3P_AR

Time setting of single-pole and three-pole AR

38) t_Unsuc_AR

Waiting time before announcing unsuccessful auto reclosing

39) t_Wait_SynChk

Maximum wait time for synchronism

40) t_PW_AR

Duration time of circuit breaker closing pulse length

41) X1L, R1L, X0L and R0L

Positive sequence and zero sequence reactance and resistance of the line. Parameter of the
transmission line, used for calculation of fault location.

42) XC1L and XC0L

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For EHV long line, capacitive current of line is very great, so capacitive current compensation must
be adopted. It is worth of attention that XC1L must be less than XC0L. Table 7-3 can be as a
reference.

Table 7-3 Capacitive impedance and current of overhead per 100KM based on different
voltage

Voltage XC1 XC0 Capacitive current

220 kV 3700Ω 5260Ω 34 A
330 kV 2860Ω 4170Ω 66 A
500 kV 2590Ω 3790Ω 111 A
750 kV 2242Ω 3322Ω 193 A

XC1:Positive sequence capacitive impedance

XC0:Zero-sequence capacitive impedance

However, when capacitive current of line is less than 0.1In, capacitive current compensation is
disabled automatically. XC1L and XC0L can be set according to the following rule.

X C1 = 580Ω ( I N = 1A ), X C 0 = 840Ω ( I N = 1A ) or

X C1 = 116Ω ( I N = 5 A ), X C 0 = 168Ω ( I N = 5 A )

If the ratio of CTs on two terminals of the line are different, the terminal setting [K_CT] set to “1”
according to the above rule and the other terminal can be calculated according to CT ratio.

43) LineLength

Total length of the line. The actual total length of the line km, used for calculation of fault location.

Note!

All zero sequence current settings should be greater than that of zero-sequence current

fault detector element.

7.5 Logic Settings

Many logic settings are used for configuration of the protection equipment. Setting “1” means
“enabled”, “valid” or “yes” while “0” means “disabled”, “invalid” or “no”.

Table 7-4 Logic settings

Setting Default
No. Parameter Notes/Comments
Range Setting
0/1 0 Enable DPFC distance protection
1 En_Z_DPFC
(Not Used)
2 En_DiffP 0/1 1 Enable current differential current

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Setting Default
No. Parameter Notes/Comments
Range Setting
protection
0/1 1 Enable stage 1 of DPFC current
3 En_DPFC_Diff1
differential element
0/1 1 Enable stage 2 of DPFC current
4 En_DPFC_Diff2
differential element
0/1 1 Enable stage 1 of steady-state current
5 En_Stdy_Diff1
differential element
0/1 1 Enable stage 2 of steady-state current
6 En_Stdy_Diff2
differential element
0/1 1 Enable zero-sequence current
7 En_REF
differential element
0/1 1 Enable zero-sequence current
8 En_CompREF differential element with capacitive
current compensation
0/1 0 Enable differential protection blocked
9 En_CTSBlkDiff during CT circuit failure
(No Blocking when CT Fail)
0/1 1 Enable inner clock
10 En_InnClock - Set to 0 for G.703
- Set to 1 for Direct Fiber
0/1 0 Transfer tripping controlled by local fault
detector
11 En_FD_Ctrl_TT (For local relay fault detector check
when receive transfer trip from remote
end)
0/1 1 Transfer tripping signal from remote end
12 En_RTrValid is valid
(To Enable transfer trip function)
0/1 1 Enable power swing blocking for zone
13 En_PSBR_Z1/2
1,2 of distance element
0/1 0 Enable power swing blocking for zone 3
14 En_PSBR_Z3
of distance element
0/1 1 Enable zone 1of phase-to-ground
15 En_ZPG1
distance element
0/1 1 Enable zone 2 of phase-to-ground
16 En_ZPG2
distance element
0/1 1 Enable zone 3 of phase-to-ground
17 En_ZPG3
distance element
0/1 1 Enable zone 1of phase-to-phase
18 En_ZPP1
distance element
0/1 1 Enable zone 2 of phase-to-phase
19 En_ZPP2
distance element

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Setting Default
No. Parameter Notes/Comments
Range Setting
0/1 1 Enable zone 3 of phase-to-phase
20 En_ZPP3
distance element
0/1 Enable phase-to-ground reversal
21 En_ZPG_Rev 1
distance element
0/1 Enable phase-to-phase reversal
22 En_ZPP_Rev 1
distance element
0/1 Enable restrict impedance measured of
23 En_Blinder 1
line load
0/1 Enable zone 1 of quadrilateral
24 En_ZPG1_Quad 1
phase-to-ground distance protection
0/1 Enable zone 2 of quadrilateral
25 En_ZPG2_Quad 1
phase-to-ground distance protection
0/1 Enable zone 3 of quadrilateral
26 En_ZPG3_Quad 1
phase-to-ground distance protection
0/1 Enable the function of binary input for
27 En_BI_Z1_Vld 1 enabling/disabling zone 1 of distance
protection
28 En_Z_SOTF 0/1 1 Enable distance element for SOTF
0/1 0 Enable zone 2 of distance element for
29 En_Z2SOTF_AR3P SOTF is not blocked by power swing
when 3-pole auto-reclosing.
0/1 0 Enable zone 3 of distance element for
30 En_Z3SOTF_AR3P SOTF is not blocked by power swing
when 3-pole auto-reclosing.
0/1 0 Enable stage 1 of zero sequence
31 En_ROC1
overcurrent element
0/1 0 Enable stage 2 of zero sequence
32 En_ROC2
overcurrent element
0/1 1 Enable stage 3 of zero sequence
33 En_ROC3
overcurrent element
0/1 1 Enable stage 4 of zero sequence
34 En_ROC4
overcurrent element
0/1 1 Enable direction controlling function to
35 En_Dir_ROC1 stage 1 of zero sequence overcurrent
element
0/1 1 Enable direction controlling function to
36 En_Dir_ROC2 stage 2 of zero sequence overcurrent
element
0/1 1 Enable direction controlling function to
37 En_Dir_ROC3 stage 3 of zero sequence overcurrent
element
38 En_Dir_ROC4 0/1 1 Enable direction controlling function to

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Setting Default
No. Parameter Notes/Comments
Range Setting
stage 4 of zero sequence overcurrent
element
0/1 1 Enable zero-sequence element for
39 En_ROC_SOTF
SOTF
0/1 1 Enable stage 1 of thermal overload
40 En_OvLd1_Alm
element for alarming
0/1 1 Enable stage 2 of thermal overload
41 En_OvLd2_Alm
element for alarming
0/1 0 Enable stage 2 of thermal overload
42 En_OvLd2_Trp
element for tripping
0/1 1 Enable phase overcurrent element only
43 En_ROC_VTS
if VT fails
0/1 1 Enable phase overcurrent element only
44 En_OC_VTS
if VT fails
0/1 0 Enable alarming function when VT
45 En_VTS
circuit fails
0/1 0 Enable stage 1 of phase overcurrent
46 En_OC1
protection
0/1 0 Enable stage 2 of phase overcurrent
47 En_OC2
protection
0/1 0 Enable three-pole tripping mode
48 En_3P_Trip Set to 1 for 132kV and below
Set to 0 for 275kV and above
0/1 0 Enable synchronism check
49 En_SynChk_AR
(Set 1 for internal SYNC)
0/1 0 Enable dead line and dead bus (DLDB)
50 En_DdB_DdL_AR
check
0/1 0 Enable Dead line and live bus (DLLB)
51 En_LvB_DdL_AR
check
0/1 0 Enable live line and dead bus (LLDB)
52 En_DdB_LvL_AR
check
0/1 1 Enable AR without Voltage and
53 En_NoChk_AR
Syncheck
0/1 1 Enable auto-reclosing(AR)
54 En_AR
(Set 1 for internal AR)
0/1 0 Enable position of circuit breaker to
55 En_CB_Init_AR
initiate AR if no fault detected
0/1 0 Enable AR blocking when Z1 Distance
56 En_Inst_Blk_AR element and Stage 1 Zero Sequence
Overcurrent element operate
0/1 0 Enable auto-reclosing blocked when
57 En_Z2_Blk_AR
zone 2 of distance element operating
0/1 1 Enable auto-reclosing blocked when
58 En_Z3_Blk_AR
zone 3 of distance element operating

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Setting Default
No. Parameter Notes/Comments
Range Setting
En_ROC2/3_Blk_A 0/1 0 Enable recloser blocked when stage 2,3
59 zero-sequence overcurrent element
R operating
0/1 1 Enable recloser blocked when stage 4
60 En_ROC4_Blk_AR zero-sequence overcurrent element
operating
0/1 1 Enable auto-reclosing blocked when
61 En_PhSF_Blk_AR
fault phase selection fails
0/1 1 Enable auto-reclosing blocked in pole
62 En_PDF_Blk_AR
discrepancy condition
0/1 1 Enable auto-reclosing blocked when
63 En_MPF_Blk_AR
multi-phase fault happens
0/1 1 Enable select auto-reclosing mode by
logic setting
- Set 0 for AR mode selection using
external switch
- Set 1 for AR mode selection using
settings.
Refer to table below for logic setting:
Binary [EBI_Opt1 [EBI_Opt
64 En_SetOpt_AR input _AR] 2_AR]
1-pole
0 0
AR
3-pole
1 0
AR
1-pole/3
-pole 0 1
AR
OFF 1 1
0/1 1 Enable 1-pole auto-reclosing mode
65 En_1P_AR
(Only use when En_SetOpt_AR = 1)
0/1 0 Enable 3-pole auto-reclosing mode
66 En_3P_AR
(Only use when En_SetOpt_AR = 1)
0/1 0 Enable 1/3-pole auto-reclosing mode
67 En_1/3P_AR
(Only use when En_SetOpt_AR = 1)

7.5.1 Logic Settings Description

1) En_Z_DPFC

The DPFC distance element

1: enable

0: disable

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For short transmission line, if the secondary value of line impedance is less than 1/IN, DPFC
distance protection should be disabled.

2) En_DiffP

The current differential element

1: enable

0: disable

3) En_DPFC_Diff1

Stage 1 of DPFC current differential element

1: enable
0: disable

4) En_DPFC_Diff2

Stage 2 of DPFC current differential element

1: enable

0: disable

5) En_Stdy_Diff1

Stage 1 of steady-state current differential element

1: enable

0: disable

6) En_Stdy_Diff2

Stage 2 of steady-state current differential element

1: enable

0: disable

7) En_REF

Zero-sequence current differential element

1: enable
0: disable

8) En_CompREF

Zero-sequence current differential element with capacitive current compensation

1: enable

0: disable

Note!

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If logic setting [En_DiffP] is set as “0”, these logic settings [En_DPFC_Diff1],

[En_DPFC_Diff2], [En_Stdy_Diff1], [En_Stdy_Diff2] [En_REF] and [En_CompREF] are

invalid.

9) En_CTSBlkDiff

If this setting is set as “1”, current differential protection shall be blocked during CT circuit failure.

10) En_InnClock

If the setting is set as “1”, inner clock is used. Please refer to 3.3.2.10.

11) En_FD_Ctrl_TT

If the setting is set as “1”, transfer tripping controlled by local fault detector. Local trip circuit could
be active by remote command (i.e. [BI_Recv_TT]=1) only when local fault detector initiates. if do
not use transfer tripping, the setting should be set to “1”.

12) En_RTrValid

If it is set as “1”, after tripping signal from remote end is received, associated with low percentage
differential criterion and low threshold value, local protective device will operate. If it is set as “0”,
tripping signal from remote end does not affect local protective device.

13) En_PSBR_Z1/2

The function of power swing blocking for zone 1,2 distance element;

“1”: enable; zone 1,2 of distance element is controlled by PSBR element.

“0”: disable; zone 1,2 of distance element is not controlled by PSBR element, and power swing
blocking for zone 1,2 of distance element is released all along.

14) En_PSBR_Z3

The function of power swing blocking for zone 3 distance element;

“1”: enable; zone 3 of distance element is controlled by PSBR element.

“0”: disable; zone 3 of distance element is not controlled by PSBR element, and power swing
blocking for zone 3 of distance element is released all along.

15) En_ZPG1, En_ZPG2, En_ZPG3, En_ZPP1, En_ZPP2 and En_ZPP3

The zone 1(2, 3) of phase-to-ground distance element enabled and zone 1(2, 3) of
phase-to-phase distance relay enabled, if these setting are set to “1”, in the same time, virtual
binary input [VEBI_DistP] should be set as “1”. If none of them is met, the distance protection shall
be disabled.

16) En_ZPG_Rev

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The phase-to-ground reversal distance element;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

17) En_ZPP_Rev

The phase-to-phase reversal distance element;

“1”: enable

“0”: disable

18) En_Blinder

The function of restrict impedance measured of line load

“1”: enable

“0”: disable

Please refer to section 3.3.5.5

19) En_Z_SOTF

The distance element for SOTF;

“1”: enable;

“0” disable;

20) En_Z2SOTF_AR3P, En_Z3SOTF_AR3P

If the setting is set as “1”, zone2 or 3 of distance element for auto-reclosing SOTF is not blocked
by power swing. If logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] and [En_Z3SOTF_AR3P] are set as “0”,
zone 2 of distance element which is blocked by power swing will operate to trip three-phase circuit
breaker when 3-pole auto-reclosing.

21) En_ROC1,En_ROC2, En_ROC3 and En_ROC4

If these settings are set as “1”, stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 of zero sequence overcurrent protection can be
enabled.

22) En_Dir_ROC1 ,En_Dir_ROC2, En_Dir_ROC3 and En_Dir_ROC4

If the setting is set as “1”, the direction controlling function to stage 1 ～ 4 of zero sequence
overcurrent element is enabled.

23) En_ROC_SOTF

The zero-sequence overcurrent element for SOTF;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

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24) En_OvLd1_Alm

Stage 1 of thermal overload element for alarming

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

25) En_OvLd2_Alm

Stage 2 of thermal overload element for alarming

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

26) En_OvLd2_Trp

Stage 2 of thermal overload element for tripping

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

27) En_OC_VTS

The phase overcurrent element is enabled only if VT circuit fails;

“1”: enable; it is enabled, but distance is disabled when VTS.

“0”: disable;

28) En_ROC_VTS

The zero sequence overcurrent element is enabled only if VT circuit fails;

“1”: enable; it is enabled, but distance is disabled when VTS.

“0”: disable;

29) En_VTS

The alarming function when VT circuit fails

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

30) En_OC1

If this setting is set as “1”, stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection can be enabled.

31) En_OC2

If this setting is set as “1”, stage 2 of phase overcurrent protection can be enabled.

32) En_3P_Trip

If it is set as “1”, three-pole tripping will be implemented for any fault but AR is not blocked.

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33) En_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, and all conditions of lockout auto-reclosing are not met, auto-reclosing
enabled.

34) En_SynChk_AR:

The function of synchronism check

1: enable

0: disable

35) En_LvB_DdL_AR:

The function of dead line - live bus check

1: enable

0: disable

36) En_DdB_LvL_AR:

The function of live line - dead bus check

1: enable

0: disable

37) En_DdB_DdL_AR:

The function of dead line - dead bus check

1: enable

0: disable

38) En_CBInit_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, AR will be initiated by position of circuit breaker. Please refer to 3.1.3.

39) En_INTS_Blk_AR

Enable AR blocking when Z1 Distance element and Stage 1 Zero Sequence Overcurrent element
operate

“1”: enable

“0”: disable

40) En_Z2_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when zone 2 of distance element operating;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

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41) En_Z3_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when zone 3 of distance element operating;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

42) En_ROC2/3_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when stage 2,3 of zero-sequence overcurrent element
operating;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

43) En_ROC4_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when stage 4 of zero-sequence overcurrent element

operating

“1”: enable

“0”: disable

44) En_PhSF_Blk_AR

If the settings is set as “1”, AR should be blocked when fault phase selection fails.

45) En_PDF_Blk_AR

If the settings is set as “1”, AR should be blocked in pole discrepancy condition.

46) En_MPF_Blk_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing is blocked during multi-phase fault.

47) En_SetOpt_AR

When the setting is set as “1”, AR mode can be selected by logic settings [En_1P_AR], single-pole
AR, [En_3P_AR], three-pole AR, and [En_1/3P_AR], single-pole and three-pole AR. Conversely, if
it is set as “0”, AR mode can be selected by switch on the panel. Please refer to Table 6-2.

48) En_1P_AR, En_3P_AR and En_1/3P_AR

If these setting are set as “1”, corresponding AR mode is selected. Please refer to setting
[En_SetOpt_AR].

7.6 Virtual binary input Settings

Virtual binary input is a kind of special logic setting to enable protection functions. These virtual
binary inputs can be configured through local HMI or remote PC, no matter logic setting
[En_Remote_Cfg] is 1 or not.

Table 7-5 Virtual binary input Settings

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Parameter Setting Default Notes/Comments

Range Setting
VEBI_DiffP 0/1 1 Enable differential protection
VEBI_DistP 0/1 0 Enable distance protection
VEBI_ROC 0/1 0 Enable zero sequence overcurrent protection
VEBI_LockOut 0/1 0 Enable auto-reclosing blocking

Except for virtual binary input [VEBI_LockOut], logic relation between these virtual binary inputs
mentioned in the table and corresponding logic setting is AND. If it is set as 1, auto-reclosing will
be locked out. It should be set as 0 generally.

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Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface

Users can access the protection device to get various information by the keyboard operation of the
protection device, or connect PC with the protection device by the serial port in the front panel of
the protection device. Furthermore, with the help of the auxiliary software, users can browse the
information of the protection device and monitor the operation status of the protection device and
other information inside the device. Meanwhile, users can also realize the above functions with the
help of the automation system software RCS-9700-automation substation software, by the RS485
interface of the protection device.

This chapter will introduce the human machine interface, the menu tree structure and the LCD
display, and other related functions, as well as how to realize the setting input, browse the
message and other operations by the keyboard operation.

8.1 Overview
The human machine interface function is undertaken by a dedicated human machine interface
module, which can extract some information that users shall pay attention to, or illuminate some
indicator lights or display the information in the LCD. Users can locate some interesting
information by the keyboard navigation.

The human machine interface module includes several parts as follows:

„ LCD Display

The device is equipped with a LCD display with the dot matrix 320×240, used for the observation,
monitoring, failure analysis and setting of the settings. If there is the tripping report and alarm
information, the responding message will be displayed in the LCD.

„ Indicators

„ Keyboard
GRP
ESC

Figure 8.1-1 Front View of RCS-900 Series Line Protection Device

1. LCD display

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2. Signal indicators

3. ENT, ESC, group number and navigation keyboard

4. 9-pin serial port and 15-pin serial port

5. Model, name and manufacturer of protection device

8.1.1 Keyboard

Figure 8.1-2 Keyboard of Protection Device

1. ”ESC”

„ Escape operation

„ Exit current menu

2. ”ENT”

„ Execute operation

„ Confirm current operation

3. ”Group number”

„ Activate to switch the setting group screen

4. Left and right direction key (“◄” and “►”)

„ Move the cursor in the horizontal direction

„ Page up/down

„ Go to next menu or return to previous menu

5. Up and down direction key (“▲” and “▼”)

„ Move the cursor in the vertical direction

„ Select the command menu from the same level of menu

6. Plus and minus key (“＋” and “－”)

„ Modify the value

„ Modify to display the message number

„ Page up/down

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8.1.2 LED Indicator

After the protection device is powered on to activate, if the device works normally, the “HEALTHY”
indicator light shall always be in the lighting status. Only when serious failures are incurred (for
example, the chip is damaged, the error takes place for the setting check, etc.), the “HEALTHY”
indicator light will go out, and the protection device will be blocked.

After the protection device is powered on to activate, the “ALARM” indicator light shall not be lit under
normal condition. Only when the device detects the abnormality, this signal indicator light will be lit.
When the abnormal condition disappears, this signal indicator light will go out automatically.

After the protection device is powered on to activate, the “TRIP A” indicator light shall not be lit under
normal condition. Only when the protection sends the TRIP A signal, this signal indicator light will be lit.

After the protection device is powered on to activate, the “TRIP B” indicator light shall not be lit under
normal condition. Only when the protection sends the TRIP B signal, this signal indicator light will be lit.

After the protection device is powered on to activate, the “TRIP C” indicator light shall not be lit under
normal condition. Only when the protection sends the TRIP C signal, this signal indicator light will be lit.

After the protection device is powered on to activate, the “RECLOSE” indicator light shall not be lit
under normal condition. Only when the protection issues the RECLOSE signal, this signal indicator
light will be lit.

The four signal indicator lights “LED1-LED4”are of the configurable signal indicator lights, which can
be defined according to the project requirements.

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8.1.3 Communication Port

1 2

Figure 8.1-3 Front Panel COM Port

No. Items
DB9-pin RS232 interface, which communicates with local PC by the assistant
1
software.
2 DB15-pin interface, which is used to connect with the HELP-90A tester.

8.2 Menu Tree

8.2.1 Menu Overview
Press “▲” to go to the main menu under main screen status. You can select different submenus by
“▲” and “▼”, press “ENT” or “►” to go to the selected submenu, press “◄” to return to previous menu,
or press “ESC” to exit the main menu directly. After a certain command menu is executed, it will be
recorded in the shortcut menu, so as to execute this command menu again. The shortcut menu can
record 5 latest menu commands in total. After 5 menu commands are recorded, the latest menu
command will overwrite the oldest one in the FIFO way. The menu command will be arranged from the
bottom to the top according to the execution sequence of the command menu. Press “▲” to go to the
main menu as shown in the below Figure:

After the protection device is powered on again, there is no record in shortcut menu. Press “▲” to
go to the main menu as shown in the below Figure:

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Main menu

VALUES SETTINGS

CHANNEL A STATE COPY SETTINGS

COMM STATE VEBI SETTINGS

BO STATE NODE SETTINGS

BI STATE PROT SETTINGS

ALM STATE SYSTEM SETTINGS

TRP STATE COMM SETTINGS

PHASE ANGLE EQUIP SETTINGS

FD MEASUREMENT
LOCAL CTRL
PORT MEASUREMENT
RESET TARGET
REPORT
CLEAR CH STATE

CTRL REPORT
CLOCK
BO CHG REPORT
VERSION
BI CHG REPORT
LANGUAGE
ALM REPORT
TEST MODE
TRP REPORT
103 ACC INFO
PRINT
103 GS GROUP

CH A STATISTIC 103 BO INFO

CH A SELF-CHECK 103 BI INFO

103 PROTOCOL 103 ALM INFO

SETTINGS INFO 103 TRP INFO

TEST BO REPORT
SETTINGS
TEST BI REPORT
NODE SETTINGS
TEST ALM REPORT
LATEST MODIFIED
TEST TRP REPORT
UNACTIVE SETTING

CTRL REPORT

BO CHG REPORT

BI CHG REPORT

ALM REPORT

TRIP INFO

REPORT LIST

TRP REPORT

ORGNL WAVE

PRESENT WAVE

VALUES

EQUIP DESCRIPTION

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Press “▲” to go to the main menu under main screen status, and select the submenu by “▲”, “▼”
and “ENT”. The command menu uses the tree-shape directory structure. The above Figure shows
the whole structure and all submenus of the menu trees for the protection device.

8.2.2 VALUES
This menu is mainly used to show the real-time sampling value and input status of the current and
voltage for the protection device, and can completely reflect the operation environment of the
protection device. If only the display value of these inputs conforms to the actual operation, the
protection device can basically properly operate. The setting of this menu can facilitate to the
debugging and maintenance for the field personnel.

This menu includes the command menus as follows:

No. Item Functional Description

Show the current and voltage value calculated by the
1 PORT MEASUREMENT
DSP measurement
Show the current and voltage value calculated by the
2 FD MEASUREMENT
CPU measurement
Show phase angle measurement value of the current and
3 PHASE ANGLE
voltage.
4 TRP STATE Show the real time status of all operation elements
5 ALM STATE Show the real time status of all alarm signal
6 BI STATE Show the real time status of all binary input signal
7 BO STATE Show the real time status of all binary output signal
Displays the communication state between the protection
8 COMM STATE
device with SCADA
9 CHANNEL A STATE Displays the state of optical fibre channel A.

8.2.3 REPORT
This menu is used to show the protection tripping report, self-supervision report, binary input
change report, binary output change report and control report, facilitate the operators to invoke
and view, and take it as the foundation of the accident analysis and the device maintenance. Since
the protection device can provide the power-off holding function, it can still record the protection
action report even though the protection device is powered off. The device can store 256 records
of each type of report.

This menu includes the command menus as follows:

No. Item Functional Description

1 TRP REPORT View the tripping report
2 ALM REPORT View the self-supervision report
3 BI CHG REPORT View the binary input change report
4 BO CHG REPORT View the binary output change report
5 CTRL REPORT View the control report

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8.2.4 PRINT
This menu is used to print the device description, self-supervision report, binary input change
report, binary output change report and the information related with settings, fault report and 103
protocol, and so on.

This menu includes the command menus and submenus as follows:

No. Item Functional Description

1 EQUIP DESCRIPTION Print the descriptive information of the protection device.
Print current status of the protection device, including the
2 VALUES voltage and current sampling value, state change of binary
input/output information and the setting.
Print the current and voltage waveform under normal
3 PRESENT WAVE
conditions
4 TRP INFO Print the information related with fault report
5 ALM REPORT Print the self-supervision report
6 BI CHG REPORT Print the binary input change report
7 BO CHG REPORT Print the binary output change report
8 CTRL REPORT Print the control report
Print the information related with settings
all settings of the protection device, including the device
9 SETTINGS INFO
parameters, system parameters, protection setting and
node setting, and so on.
Print the 103 protocol information, including the function
10 103 PROTOCOL type (FUN), information sequence number (INF), generic
service group number and access number (ACC).
Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel A,
11 CH A SELF-CHECK which is made of some hexadecimal characters and used to
developer analyze channel state
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel A, which is
12 CH A STATISTIC
formed A.M. 9:00 every day

The submenu “TRP INFO” includes the following command menus.

No. Item Function description

1 REPORT LIST Print the items of tripping report within selected range
2 TRP REPORT Print the tripping report
Print the waveform report (including three-phase current/voltage and
3 ORGNL WAVE
zero-sequence current/voltage waveform, and so on)

The submenu “SETTINGS INFO” includes the following command menus.

No. Item Function description

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Print the device parameters, system parameters, protection

1 SETTINGS
settings and VEBI settings
2 NODE SETTINGS Print the node settings
3 LATEST MODIFIED Print the latest modified setting
4 UNACTIVE SETTING Print the settings of other current non-active setting groups

8.2.5 SETTINGS
This menu is used to view all settings of the protection device, including the device parameters,
system parameters, communication parameters, protection setting and enabling binary input
setting, and so on. Furthermore, user can modify any above setting items, and carry out the setting
copy among different setting groups in this submenu.

This menu includes the command menus as follows:

No. Item Functional Description

1 EQUIP SETTINGS View or modify the settings of device parameters
2 COMM SETTINGS View or modify the settings of communication parameters
3 SYSTEM SETTINGS View or modify the settings of system parameters
4 PROT SETTINGS View or modify the settings of configured protection functions
5 NODE SETTINGS View or modify the node settings
6 VEBI SETTINGS View or modify the settings of the virtual enabling binary inputs
7 COPY SETTINGS Copy settings between different setting groups

8.2.6 LOCAL CTRL

This menu is used to reset the tripping relay with latch, LED indicator, LCD display, as same as the
reset function of binary input. It also provides the clear command for channel state statistic.

This menu includes the following command menus.

No. Item Function description

Reset the local signal, the LED indicator and the LCD
1 RESET TARGET
display
2 CLEAR CH STATE Clear the state statistics of optical fibre channel

8.2.7 CLOCK
This menu is used to show or modify current date and time of the protection device.

8.2.8 VERSION
This menu is used to view the program version of various intelligent modules within the protection
device, the program generation time, etc.

8.2.9 LANGUAGE
This menu is used to select the LCD display language. User can select Chinese, English and the

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third-party language (local language of the area used).

8.2.10 TEST MODE

This menu is mainly used to maintain device or communication commissioning before the
protection device put into service. By excuting corresponding command menu to generate all
kinds of report or event to transmit to the SCADA instead of external input, it is fulfilled to test
communication function on site. It also provides the convenience of browsing the related
information with IEC 60870-5-103 protocol.

This menu includes the following command menus.

No. Item Function description

Automatically generate tripping report and transmit to the
1 TEST TRP REPORT
SCADA
Automatically generate self-supervision report and transmit to
2 TEST ALM REPORT
the SCADA
Automatically generate binary input change report and transmit
3 TEST BI REPORT
to the SCADA
Automatically generate binary output change report and
4 TEST BO REPORT
transmit to the SCADA
5 103 TRP INFO View the event list of tripping reports
6 103 ALM INFO View the event list of self-supervision reports
7 103 BI INFO View the event list of binary input change reports
8 103 BO INFO View the event list of binary output change reports
9 103 GS GROUP View group number of generic service
10 103 ACC INFO View actual channel of analog input

8.3 LCD Display Description

8.3.1 Normal Conditions Display
After the protection device is powered on, it will go to the initiation screen and complete the
initialization of the protection device after about 10 seconds. During the initialization of the
protection device, the “HEALTHY” indication light of the protection device will go out.

Under normal running condition, LCD will show the screen as follows. LCD takes white color as
the background light. Once there is any keyboard operation, the background light will be activated,
and delay for 60 seconds without action, and then the background light will go out automatically.

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The content shown in the screen includes as follows:

1. Current date and time of the protection device with the format YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

2. Current active setting group number

3. Device address

4. 3-phase current sampling value

5. 3-phase voltage sampling value

6. Magnitude of synchronism voltage

7. Magnitude of frequency

8.3.2 Display Fault Report

This protection device can store 256 records of the tripping report. When the protection operates,
LCD will display the latest tripping report automatically.

The content shown in the screen includes:

1. Record number of the tripping report

2. Report name

3. Time of the tripping report (format: YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS:MS)

4. Operation element and tripping element

5. Fault information (faulty phase selection, fault location, maximum fault current, maximum
zero-sequence current and variable impedance coefficient, and so on)

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8.3.3 Display Self-supervision Report

This protection device can store 256 records of the self-supervision report. It will show the
self-supervision report immediately after the hardware failure is detected or the program system
works abnormally during the running process of the protection device.

The content shown in the screen includes:

1. Record number of the self-supervision report

2. Report name

3. Time of the self-supervision report (format: YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS: MS)

4. Alarm element

5. The state of alarm element

8.3.4 Display Binary Input Change Report

This protection device can store 256 records of the binary input change report. It will show the
binary input change report immediately after the state of binary input signal changes during the
running process of the protection device.

The content shown in the screen includes:

1. Record number of the binary input change report

2. Report name

3. Time of the binary input change report (format: YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS: MS)

4. Binary input signal

5. The state of binary input signal

8.3.5 Display Binary Output Report

This protection device can store 256 records of the binary output change report. It will show the
binary output change report immediately after the state of binary output signal changes during the
running process of the protection device.

The content shown in the screen includes:

1. Record number of the binary output change report

2. Report name

3. Time of the binary output change report (format: YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS: MS)

4. Binary output signal

5. The state of binary output signal

8.3.6 Display Control Report

This protection device can store 256 records of the control report. It will show the control report

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immediately after any control behavior is executed during the running process of the protection
device.

The content shown in screen includes:

1. Record number of the control report

2. Report name

3. Time of the control report (format: YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS:MS)

4. The control behavior

8.4 Keypad Operation Instructions

8.4.1 View Device Status
The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “VALUES”, and press “ENT” or “►” to enter
this menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and press “ENT” to enter the
selected command menu

4. Press “▲” or “▼” to turn the page (if all information cannot be shown in one screen, one
screen can show 14 rows of information at most)

5. Press “ENT” or “ESC” to exit, and return to the menu “VALUES”

8.4.2 View Device Report

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “REPORT”, and press “ENT” or “►” to enter
this menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and press “ENT” to enter the
selected command menu

4. Press “▲” or “▼” to turn the page

5. Press “＋” or “－” to select previous or next record

6. Press “ENT” or “ESC” to exit, and return to the menu “REPORT”

8.4.3 Print Device Report

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

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2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “PRINT”, and press “ENT” or “►” to enter
this menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and press “ENT” to enter the
selected command menu

4. If the submenu “TRP INFO” is selected, according to the different protection function config,
there are four command menus “REPORT LIST”, “TRP REPORT” and “ORGNL WAVE”

Select the command menu “TRP REPORT”, and press “ENT”, LCD will show the following
interface:

Press “＋” or “－” to select previous or next record. If you press “ENT”, LCD will show “Printing…”.
Then it will exit automatically, and return to “PRINT” menu. Press “ESC” to exit, and return to the
menu “PRINT”.

If no report is stored in the protection device, press “ENT” and LCD will display “No Report”.

5. If the command menu “ALM REPORT”, “BI CHG REPORT”, “BO CHG REPORT”, or “CTRL
REPORT” are selected, press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor and press “ENT”, LCD will show
the following interface:

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Press “＋” or “－” to select the start and end sequence number of the printed report. Press “ENT”,
LCD will show “Printing…”. Then it will exit automatically, and return to the menu “PRINT”. Press
“ESC” to exit, and return to the menu “PRINT”.

The menu “PRINT” is also provides the command menus “EQUIP DESCRIPTION”, “VALUES”,
“PRESENT WAVE”, “103 PROTOCOL”, “CH A SELF-CHECK” and “CH A STATISTIC” to print
corresponding information, and the operation steps are similar with above.

8.4.4 Print Device Settings

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “PRINT”, and press “ENT” or “►” to enter
this menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the submenu “SETTINGS INFO”, and press “ENT” to
enter this submenu

4. Select the command menus “NODE SETTINGS” and “LATEST MODIFIED” to print the node
settings and latest modified settings

5. If the command menu “UNACTIVE SETTINGS” is selected, LCD will show the following
interface:

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Press “＋” or “－” to select the setting group to be printed, and press “ENT”, LCD will show
“Printing…”. Then it will exit automatically, and return to the menu “PRINT”. Press “ESC” to exit,
and return to the menu “PRINT”.

8.4.5 View Device Settings

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to go to the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “SETTINGS”. Press “ENT” or “►” to enter
this menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and press “ENT” to enter the
selected command menu

4. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor

5. Press “＋” or “－” to turn the page

6. Press “ESC” to exit, and return to the menu “SETTINGS”

8.4.6 Modify Device Settings

The operation is shown as follows:

7. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

8. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “SETTINGS”. Press “ENT” or “►” to
enter this menu

9. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and press “ENT” to enter
the selected command menu

10. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor

11. Press “＋” or “－” to turn the page

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12. Press “ESC” to exit, and return to the menu “SETTINGS”

13. If the command menu “EQUIP SETTINGS” is selected, move the cursor to the setting
item to be modified, and then press “ENT”

Press “＋” or “－” to modify the value (if the modified value is more than one, press “◄” or “►” to
move the cursor to the digit bit to be modified. Press “＋” or “－” to modify the value). Press “ESC”
to cancel the modification, and return to the command menu “EQUIP SETTINGS” display screen.
Press “ENT” to exit automatically, and return to the command menu “EQUIP SETTINGS” display
screen. Move the cursor to continue to modify other setting items. Press “ESC” after all setting
items to be modified are modified completely, LCD will show whether you want to save it? Press
“ESC” directly, or press “◄” or “►” to move the cursor, select “Cancel”, and then press “ENT”, it
will exit automatically and return to the command menu “EQUIP SETTINGS” display screen. Press
“◄” or “►” to move the cursor, select “No”, and then press “ENT”, all modified setting items will
restore its original value, and return to the “SETTINGS” menu. Press “◄” or “►” to move the
cursor, and select “Yes”, and then press “ENT”, LCD will show the following interface:

Password:

____

Enter 4-bit password (“＋”, “◄”, “▲” and “－”). If the password is not correct, continue to enter it.
Press “ESC” to exit the password entry screen, and return to the command menu “EQUIP
SETTINGS” display screen. If the password is correct, LCD will show “Saving Setting…”. Then exit
and return to the command menu “EQUIP SETTINGS” display screen, all modified setting items
adopts the modified values.

Note!

For different setting items, the screen shown will vary slightly, but the modification method
is the same. The following is the same as it.

Note!

After the setting of the system parameters is modified, it will cause the “HEALTHY”

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indicator light of the protection device goes out, you need to enter the command menu
“NODE SETTINGS” or “PROT SETTINGS” and confirm the protection setting have been
modified correspondingly. and then the protection device will restart automatically.

14. If the command menu “PROT SETTINGS” is selected, LCD will display the following
interface:

4. PROT_SETTINGS

Please Select Group for Config

Active Group: 01

Selected Group: 02

Press “＋” or “－” to modify the value of “Selected Group”, and press “ENT” to enter. Move the
cursor to the setting item to be modified, and press “ENT” to modify the value.

8.4.7 Copy Device Settings

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “SETTINGS”. Press “ENT” to enter this
menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “COPY SETTINGS”, and press
“ENT”, LCD will display the following interface:

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Press “＋” or “－” to modify the value. Press the “ESC”, and return to the menu “SETTINGS”.
Press “ENT”, LCD will show password entry interface. If the password is incorrect, continue
inputting it, press the “ESC” to exit password entry interface and return to the menu “SETTINGS”.
If the password is correct, the LCD will display “Set Copying…”, and exit this menu (return to the
menu “SETTINGS”).

8.4.8 Switch Device Settings Group

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Exit main menu

2. Press “GRP”, LCD will display the following interface:

Press “＋” or “－” to modify the value, and press “ESC” to exit, and return to main menu. Press
“ENT”, and LCD will show password entry interface. If the password is not correct, continue to
enter it. Press “ESC” to exit the password entry interface, and return to the initial status. If the
password is correct, the “HEALTHY” indicator light of the protection device will go out, and the

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protection device will recheck the protection setting. If the check is not qualified, it will block the
device. If the check is qualified, LCD will return to the initial status.

8.4.9 Delete Device Report

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Exit the main menu.

2. Press “＋”, “－”, “＋”, “－” and “ENT”, LCD will show the following interface:

Press “ESC” to exit, and return to the initial status. Press “ENT” to clear.

Note!

The operation of deleting the device report will delete all reports saved in the protection
device, including the tripping reports, self-supervision reports, binary input change reports,
binary output change reports and control reports, and theses reports cannot be restored
once it is deleted. Please use this operation carefully!

8.4.10 Modify Device Clock

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “CLOCK”

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the data or time to be modified

4. Press “＋” or “－” to modify the value, and press “ENT” to save the modification and return to
the main menu

5. Press “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the main menu

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8.4.11 Check Software Version

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “VERSION”, and press “ENT” to enter it

3. Press “ESC” to return to the main menu

8.4.12 Select Display Language

The operation is shown as follows:

1. Press “▲” to enter the main menu.

2. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “LANGUAGE”, and press “ENT” to enter this
menu

3. Press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to corresponding language, and press “ENT” to carry out
the language change, and then return to the main menu, and the language shown will change

4. Press “ESC” to cancel the selection, and return to the main menu

8.4.13 Communication Test

The operation is as follows:

1. To affirm that the communication parameter i.e. [En_CommTest] is set as “1”

2. Press the “▲” to enter the main menu

3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the menu “TEST MODE”, and then press the
“ENT” or “►”to enter this menu

4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu, and then press the “ENT” to
enter the selected command menu

5. Press the “＋” or “－” to page up/down, and then press the “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar.
(taking the command menu “TEST TRP REPORT” as an example):

Move the cursor to select the corresponding protection elements. Press the “ENT” to execute the
communication test one by one, SCADA will receive the corresponding fault report.

6. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu to return to the menu “TEST MODE”

Note!

If the communication parameter i.e. [En_CommTest] is set as “0”, the protection device will
display the prompt message “Not in Test Mode” when excuting any command menu
among “TEST TRP REPORT”, “TEST ALM REPORT”, “TEST BI REPORT” and “TEST BO
REPORT” .

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Note!

All LCD interfaces provided in this chapter is a mere reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual protection device may be
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.

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Chapter 9 Communications

9.1 General Description

This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the submenu in the “COMM SETTINGS” column. Using the keypad and LCD, set the
parameter [COM1_Protocol], the corresponding protocol will be selected.

The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.

It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.

9.2 Rear Communication Port Information

9.2.1 RS-485 Interface
This protective device provides two rear RS-485 communication ports, and each port has three
terminals in the 12-terminal screw connector located on the back of the relay and each port has a
ground terminal for the earth shield of the communication cable. Please refer to section 6.2.5 for
details of the connection terminals. The rear ports provide RS-485 serial data communication and
are intended for use with a permanently wired connection to a remote control center.

9.2.1.1 EIA RS-485 Standardized Bus

The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.

9.2.1.2 Bus Termination

The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 9.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.

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Figure 9.2-1 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements

9.2.1.3 Bus Connections & Topologies

The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device be directly connected to the physical cable
that is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies.
Loop bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it too.

Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.

This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.

9.2.1.4 Biasing

It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.

Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.

Note!

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It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors be fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.

As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for
any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect
application of this voltage.

Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.

9.2.2 Ethernet Interface

This protective device can provide four rear Ethernet interfaces (optional) and they are unattached
each other. Parameters of each Ethernet port can be configured in the submenu “COMM
SETTINGS”.

9.2.2.1 Ethernet Standardized Communication Cable

It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.

Figure 9.2-2 Ethernet communication cable

9.2.2.2 Connections and Topologies

Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.

Figure 9.2-3 Ethernet communication structure

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9.2.3 IEC60870-5-103 Communication

The IEC specification IEC60870-5-103: Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5: Transmission
Protocols Section 103 defines the use of standards IEC60870-5-1 to IEC60870-5-5 to perform
communication with protective device. The standard configuration for the IEC60870-5-103
protocol is to use a twisted pair EIA RS-485 connection over distances up to 500m. It also supports
to use an Ethernet connection. The relay operates as a slave in the system, responding to
commands from a master station.

To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings of the protective
device must be configured. To do this use the keypad and LCD user interface. In the submenu
“COMM SETTINGS”, set the parameters [COM1_Protocol] as “0”, [COM1_Baud] as “9600”. For
using the Ethernet port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the IP address and submask of
each Ethernet port can be set in the submenu “COMM SETTINGS”.

9.3 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port

The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.

The protective device conforms to compatibility level 3.

The following IEC60870-5-103 facilities are supported by this interface:

„ Initialization (reset)

„ Time synchronization

„ Event record extraction

„ General interrogation

„ General commands

„ Disturbance records

9.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer

One EIA RS-485 standardized ports are available for IEC60870-5-103 in this protective device.
The transmission speed is optional: 4800 bit/s, 9600 bit/s, 19200 bit/s or 38400 bit/s.

The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.

9.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.

The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.

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9.3.3 Time Synchronization

The protective device time and date can be set using the time synchronization feature of the
IEC60870-5-103 protocol. The protective device will correct for the transmission delay as specified
in IEC60870-5-103. If the time synchronization message is sent as a send/confirm message then
the protective device will respond with a confirmation. Whether the time-synchronization message
is sent as a send confirmation or a broadcast (send/no reply) message, a time synchronization
class 1 event will be generated/produced.

If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.

9.3.4 Spontaneous Events

Events are categorized using the following information:

„ Type identification (TYP)

„ Function type (FUN)

„ Information number (INF)

When this setting [En_Iec103_Inf] is set as “1”, all spontaneous events are sent in the format of
FUN and INF based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. Non disturbance report are sent via the
message with time-stamp ASDU1 and disturbance report are sent via the message with relative
time-stamp ASUD2.

All spontaneous events can be gained by printing, implementing submenu “103 PROTOCOL” in
the menu “PRINT”.

9.3.5 General Interrogation

The GI can be used to read the status of the relay, the function numbers, and information numbers
that will be returned during the GI cycle. The GI cycle strictly abides by the rules defined in the
IEC60870-5-103.

Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.

9.3.6 Generic Service

The generic functions can be used to read the setting and protection measurement of the
protective device, and modify the setting. Two supported type identifications are ASDU 21 and
ASDU 10. For more details about generic functions, see the IEC60870-5-103 standard.

When this setting [En_Iec103_Inf] is set as “0”, all spontaneous events are sent via generic
services based on IEC 60870-5-103 protocol.

All general classification service group numbers can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“103 PROTOCOL” in the menu “PRINT”.

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9.3.7 Disturbance Records

This protective device can store up to eight disturbance records in its memory. A pickup of the fault
detector or an operation of the relay can make the protective device store the disturbance records.

The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.

All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“103 PROTOCOL” in the menu “PRINT”.

9.4 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet

The IEC60870-5-103 interface over Ethernet is a master/slave interface with the relay as the slave
device. It is properly developed by NR too. All the service of this relay is based on generic
functions of the IEC60870-5-103. The list about all the group number of this relay can be printed
out. Please refer to Chapter 8. And this relay will send all the relevant information about group
caption to the SAS or RTU after establishing a successful communication link.

9.5 Messages Description for IEC61850 Protocol

9.5.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:

„ IEC 61850-1: Introduction and overview

„ IEC 61850-2: Glossary

„ IEC 61850-3: General requirements

„ IEC 61850-4: System and project management

„ IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models

„ IEC 61850-6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations

related to IEDs

„ IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Principles and models

„ IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)

„ IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Common data classes

„ IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Compatible logical node classes and data classes

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„ IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3

„ IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link

„ IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3

„ IEC 61850-10: Conformance testing

These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.

9.5.2 Communication profiles

The RCS-900 series relay supports IEC 61850 server services over TCP/IP communication
protocol stacks. The TCP/IP profile requires the RCS-900 series to have an IP address to
establish communications. These addresses are located in the submenu “COMM SETTINGS”.

1. MMS protocol

IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. Actual IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.

2. Client/server

This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.

3. Peer-to-peer

This is a non-connection-oriented, high speed type of communication usually between substation

equipment, such as protection relays, intelligent terminal. GOOSE is the method of peer-to-peer
communication.

4. Substation configuration language (SCL)

A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED and communication
system realized according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has an IEC
Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The substation single
line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation
configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add communication system
parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the connection relationship of
GOOSE and SV to SCD file.

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9.5.3 Server data organization

IEC61850 defines an object-oriented approach to data and services. An IEC61850 physical device
can contain one or more logical device(s) (for proxy). Each logical device can contain many logical
nodes. Each logical node can contain many data objects. Each data object is composed of data
attributes and data attribute components. Services are available at each level for performing
various functions, such as reading, writing, control commands, and reporting.

Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains information
about the IED logical device.

9.5.3.1 Digital status values

The GGIO logical node is available in the RCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the RCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.

9.5.3.2 Analog values

Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:

„ MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency

„ MMXU.MX.PPV.phsAB: phase AB voltage magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.PPV.phsBC: phase BC voltage magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.PPV.phsCA: Phase CA voltage magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.PhV.phsA: phase AG voltage magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.PhV.phsB: phase BG voltage magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.PhV.phsC: phase CG voltage magnitude and angle

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„ MMXU.MX.A.phsA: phase A current magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.A.phsB: phase B current magnitude and angle

„ MMXU.MX.A.phsC: phase C current magnitude and angle

9.5.3.3 Protection logical nodes

The following list describes the protection elements for all RCS-900 series relays. The specified
relay will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.

„ PDIF: current differential and transfer trip

„ PDIS: phase-to-phase distance, phase-to-ground distance and SOTF distance

„ PTUC: undercurrent

„ PTOC: phase overcurrent, zero sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when CTS

„ PTUV: undervoltage

„ PTUF: underfrequency

„ PTOV: overvoltage and auxiliary overvoltage

„ PSCH: Protection scheme

„ RREC: automatic reclosing

„ RSYN: Synchronism-check

„ RFLO: Fault locator

The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For the
RCS-900 series relay protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and it also locates in LLN0.

9.5.3.4 LLN0 and other logical nodes

Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings. System settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
RCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:

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„ LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.

„ PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new “operate” of PTRC.

„ RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.

9.5.4 Server features and configuration

9.5.4.1 Buffered/unbuffered reporting

IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.

„ TrgOps: Trigger options.

The following bits are supported by the RCS-900 series relays:

－ Bit 1: Data-change

－ Bit 4: Integrity

－ Bit 5: General interrogation

„ OptFlds: Option Fields.

The following bits are supported by the RCS-900 series relays:

－ Bit 1: Sequence-number

－ Bit 2: Report-time-stamp

－ Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion

－ Bit 4: Data-set-name

－ Bit 5: Data-reference

－ Bit 6: Buffer-overflow (for buffered reports only)

－ Bit 7: EntryID (for buffered reports only)

－ Bit 8: Conf-revision

－ Bit 9: Segmentation

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„ IntgPd: Integrity period.

„ BufTm: Buffer time.

9.5.4.2 File transfer

MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a RCS-900 series relay.

9.5.4.3 Timestamps

The timestamp values associated with all IEC61850 data items represent the time of the last
change of either the value or quality flags of the data item.

9.5.4.4 Logical node name prefixes

IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:

„ A five or six-character name prefix.

„ A four-character standard name (for example, MMXU, GGIO, PIOC, etc.).

„ A one or two-character instantiation index.

Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.

9.5.4.5 GOOSE services

IEC61850 specifies the type of peer-to-peer data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also Devices that transmit GOOSE messages
also function as servers. Each GOOSE publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure
and control the transmission.

The transmission is also controlled via device setting “GOOSE Group ID” in the setting submenu
“EQUIP SETUP”. The “GOOSE Group ID” setting item defines a definite IED group in which the
IED can communicate with each other via GOOSE protocol, and if GOOSE Group ID is configured
to “0”, GOOSE service is blocked in this IED. IEC61850 recommends a default priority value of 4
for GOOSE. Ethernet traffic that does not contain a priority tag has a default priority of 1. More
details are specified in IEC61850 part 8-1. IEC61850 recommends that the Ether-type Application
ID number be configured according to the GOOSE source.

The RCS-931 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
(GOOSE) communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset.
This dataset is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for

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implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between RCS-900 series relays.

IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.

The general steps required for transmission configuration are:

1. Configure the transmission data

2. Configure the transmission dataset

3. Configure the GOOSE service settings

The general steps required for reception configuration are:

1. Configure the GOOSE service settings

2. Configure the reception data

9.5.5 ACSI Conformance

9.5.5.1 ACSI basic conformance statement

RCS-900
Services Client Server
Series
Client-Server Roles
Server side (of Two-party
B11 － C1 Y
Application-Association)
Client side (of Two-party
B12 C1 － N
Application-Association)
SCSMS Supported
B21 SCSM: IEC 61850-8-1 used N N Y
B22 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-1 used N N N
B23 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-2 used N N N
B24 SCSM: other N N N
Generic Substation Event Model (GSE)
B31 Publisher side － O Y
B32 Subscriber side O － Y
Transmission Of Sampled Value Model (SVC)
B41 Publisher side － O N
B42 Subscriber side O － N

Where:

C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared

O: Optional

M: Mandatory

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Y: Supported by RCS-900 series relays

N: Currently not supported by RCS-900 series relays

9.5.5.2 ACSI models conformance statement

Services Client Server RCS-900 Series

M1 Logical device C2 C2 Y
M2 Logical node C3 C3 Y
M3 Data C4 C4 Y
M4 Data set C5 C5 Y
M5 Substitution O O Y
M6 Setting group control O O Y
Reporting
M7 Buffered report control O O Y
M7-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M7-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M7-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M7-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y N
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm N N N
M7-9 IntgPd Y Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y
M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm N N N
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y

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Where:

C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared

C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared

C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared

C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared

M: Mandatory

Y: Supported by RCS-900 series relays

N: Currently not supported by RCS-900 series relays

9.5.5.3 ACSI Services conformance statement

Service Server/Publisher RCS-900 Series

Server
S1 ServerDirectory M Y
Application association
S2 Associate M Y
S3 Abort M Y
S4 Release M Y
Logical device
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory M Y
Logical node
S6 LogicalNodeDirectory M Y
S7 GetAllDataValues M Y
Data
S8 GetDataValues M Y
S9 SetDataValues M Y
S10 GetDataDirectory M Y
S11 GetDataDefinition M Y
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O Y
S14 CreateDataSet O N
S15 DeleteDataSet O N
S16 GetDataSetDirectory M Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M Y
Setting group control
S18 SelectActiveSG M/O Y
S19 SelectEditSG M/O Y

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S20 SetSGValuess M/O Y

S21 ConfirmEditSGValues M/O Y
S22 GetSGValues M/O Y
S23 GetSGCBValues M/O Y
Reporting
Buffered report control block
S24 Report M Y
S24-1 data-change M Y
S24-2 qchg-change M N
S24-3 data-update M N
S25 GetBRCBValues M Y
S26 SetBRCBValues M Y
Unbuffered report control block
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M N
S27-3 data-update M N
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues O N
S31 SetLCBValues O N
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime O N
S33 QueryLogAfter O N
S34 GetLogStatusValues O N
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE control block
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O Y
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O N
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M N
Control
S51 Select O N
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O N
File transfer

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S57 GetFile M/O Y

S58 SetFile O N
S59 DeleteFile O N
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y

9.5.6 Logical Nodes

9.5.6.1 Logical Nodes Table

The RCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.

Nodes RCS-900 Series

L: System Logical Nodes
LPHD: Physical device information YES
LLN0: Logical node zero YES
P: Logical Nodes For Protection Functions
PDIF: Differential －
PDIR: Direction comparison YES
PDIS: Distance YES
PDOP: Directional overpower －
PDUP: Directional underpower －
PFRC: Rate of change of frequency －
PHAR: Harmonic restraint －
PHIZ: Ground detector －
PIOC: Instantaneous overcurrent －
PMRI: Motor restart inhibition －
PMSS: Motor starting time supervision －
POPF: Over power factor －
PPAM: Phase angle measuring －
PSCH: Protection scheme YES
PSDE: Sensitive directional earth fault －
PTEF: Transient earth fault －
PTOC: Time overcurrent YES
PTOF: Overfrequency YES
PTOV: Overvoltage YES
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning YES
PTTR: Thermal overload YES
PTUC: Undercurrent －
PTUV: Undervoltage YES
PUPF: Underpower factor －
PTUF: Underfrequency YES

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PVOC: Voltage controlled time overcurrent －

PVPH: Volts per Hz －
PZSU: Zero speed or underspeed －
R: Logical Nodes For Protection Related Functions
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function YES
RADR: Disturbance recorder channel analogue －
RBDR: Disturbance recorder channel binary －
RDRS: Disturbance record handling －
RBRF: Breaker failure YES
RDIR: Directional element －
RFLO: Fault locator YES
RPSB: Power swing detection/blocking YES
RREC: Autoreclosing YES
RSYN: Synchronism-check or synchronizing YES
C: Logical Nodes For Control
CALH: Alarm handling －
CCGR: Cooling group control －
CILO: Interlocking －
CPOW: Point-on-wave switching －
CSWI: Switch controller －
G: Logical Nodes For Generic References
GAPC: Generic automatic process control YES
GGIO: Generic process I/O YES
GSAL: Generic security application －
I: Logical Nodes For Interfacing And Archiving
IARC: Archiving －
IHMI: Human machine interface －
ITCI: Telecontrol interface －
ITMI: Telemonitoring interface －
A: Logical Nodes For Automatic Control
ANCR: Neutral current regulator －
ARCO: Reactive power control －
ATCC: Automatic tap changer controller －
AVCO: Voltage control －
M: Logical Nodes For Metering And Measurement
MDIF: Differential measurements －
MHAI: Harmonics or interharmonics －
MHAN: Non phase related harmonics or interharmonic －
MMTR: Metering －
MMXN: Non phase related measurement －
MMXU: Measurement YES
MSQI: Sequence and imbalance －

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MSTA: Metering statistics －

S: Logical Nodes For Sensors And Monitoring
SARC: Monitoring and diagnostics for arcs －
SIMG: Insulation medium supervision (gas) －
SIML: Insulation medium supervision (liquid) －
SPDC: Monitoring and diagnostics for partial discharges －
X: Logical Nodes For Switchgear
TCTR: Current transformer YES
TVTR: Voltage transformer YES
Y: Logical Nodes For Power Transformers
YEFN: Earth fault neutralizer (Peterson coil) －
YLTC: Tap changer －
YPSH: Power shunt －
YPTR: Power transformer －
Z: Logical Nodes For Further Power System Equipment
ZAXN: Auxiliary network －
ZBAT: Battery －
ZBSH: Bushing －
ZCAB: Power cable －
ZCAP: Capacitor bank －
ZCON: Converter －
ZGEN: Generator －
ZGIL: Gas insulated line －
ZLIN: Power overhead line －
ZMOT: Motor －
ZREA: Reactor －
ZRRC: Rotating reactive component －
ZSAR: Surge arrestor －
ZTCF: Thyristor controlled frequency converter －
ZTRC: Thyristor controlled reactive component －

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Chapter 10 Installation and Commissioning

10.1 Introduction
The chapter contains instructions on how to install, commission and maintenance the protection
equipment. It can also be used as a reference if a periodic test is performed. The chapter covers
procedures for mechanical and electrical installation, energizing and checking of external circuitry,
setting and configuration as well as verifying settings and performing a directionality test.

The chapter contains the following information:

1) The “Safety information” presents warning and note signs, which the user should draw
attention to.

2) The “Overview” gives an overview over the major task when installing and
commissioning the protection equipment.

3) The “Unpacking and checking the protection equipment” contains instructions on

how to receive the protection equipment.

4) The “Installing the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to install the
protection equipment.

5) The “Checking the external circuitry” contains instructions on how to check that the
protection equipment is properly connected to the protection system.

6) The “Energizing the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to start-up the
protection equipment.

7) The “Setting the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to download

settings and configuration to the protection equipment.

8) The “Establishing connection and verifying communication” contains instructions on

how to verify the communication.

9) The “Verifying settings by secondary injection” contains instructions on how to verify

that each included function operates correctly according to the set value.

10) The “Final Check” contains instructions on make sure that everything associated with
the device is well.

The chapter is addressing the installation, commissioning and maintenance personnel responsible
for taking the protection into normal service and out of service. The installation personnel must
have a basic knowledge in handling electronic equipment. The commissioning and maintenance
personnel must be well experienced in using protection equipment, test equipment, protection
functions and the configured functional logics in the protection.

10.2 Safety Information

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This section contains safety information. Warning signs are presented which attend the user to be
careful during certain operations in order to avoid human injuries or damage to equipment.

„ Warning signs

Warning!

„ Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working in a high voltage
environment requires serious approach to avoid human injuries and damage to
equipment.

„ Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.

„ Always avoid to touch the circuitry when the cover is removed. The product contains
electronic circuitries which can be damaged if exposed to static electricity (ESD). The
electronic circuitries also contain high voltage which is lethal to humans.

„ Always use suitable isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.

„ Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a protection equipment

during normal operation. Hazardous voltages and currents are present that may be lethal.
Operation may be disrupted and protection equipment and measuring circuitry may be
damaged.

„ Always connect the protection equipment to protective ground, regardless of the

operating conditions. This also applies to special occasions such as bench testing,
demonstrations and off-site configuration. Operating the protection equipment without
proper grounding may damage both terminal and measuring circuitry, and may cause
injuries in case of an accident.

„ Never disconnect a secondary connection of current transformer circuit without

short-circuiting the transformer’s secondary winding. Operating a current transformer
with the secondary winding open will cause a massive potential build-up that may
damage the transformer and may cause injuries to humans.

„ Never unmount the front or back cover from a powered equipment or from a protection
equipment connected to powered circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.

„ Caution signs

Caution!

„ Always transport modules using certified conductive bags. Always handle modules using
a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground and on a suitable antistatic
surface. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may cause damage to the module.

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„ Do not connect live wires to the protection equipment. Internal circuitry may be damaged.

„ Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground when replacing
modules. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage the module and protection
equipment circuitry.

„ Take care to avoid electrical shock if accessing wiring and connection protection
equipment when installing and commissioning.

„ Note signs

Note!

„ Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the protection equipment’s
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the change.

„ The protection assembly is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times
rated value.

„ Activating the other setting group without proper configuration may seriously affect the
protection equipment’s operation.

10.3 Overview
The settings for each function must be calculated before the commissioning task can start. A
configuration, made in the configuration and programming tool, must also be available if the
protection equipment does not have a factory configuration downloaded.

The protection equipment is unpacked and visually checked. It is preferably mounted in a cubicle.
The connection to the protection system has to be checked in order to verify that the installation
was successful.

The installation and commissioning task starts with configuring the digital communication modules,
if included. The protection equipment can then be configured and set, which means that settings
and a configuration has to be applied if the protection equipment does not have a factory
configuration downloaded. Then the operation of each included function according to applied
settings has to be verified by secondary injection. A complete check of the configuration can then
be made. A conformity test of the secondary system has also to be done. When the primary
system has been energized a directionality check should be made.

10.4 Unpacking And Checking The Protection Equipment

Procedure

1) Remove the transport casing.

2) Visually inspect the protection equipment.

„ Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts
inside to see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.

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„ The rating information should be given for the protection equipment.

„ The rating information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is

correct for the particular installation.

Panel wiring:

Check the conducting wire used in the panel to assure that their cross section meet the
requirement. Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.

Label:

Check all the isolator links, terminal blocks, ferrules, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.

Equipment plug-in modules:

Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.

Earthing cable:

Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.

Switch, keypad, isolator links and push button:

Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator links and push buttons work normally
and smoothly.

3) Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery documents.

The user is requested to check that all software functions are included according to the delivery
documents after the terminal has been energized.

4) Check for transport damages.

These product checks cover all aspects of the protection, which should be checked to ensure that
the protection not only has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning but also functions
correctly and all input quantity measurements are within the stated tolerances.

10.5 Installing The Protection Equipment

10.5.1 Overview
The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must be within
permissible range according to the technical data of the protection equipment. Dusty, damp places,
places liable to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge voltages of
high amplitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar extreme conditions
should be avoided. Please refer to Chapter 2 for details.

Sufficient space must be available in front of and at rear of the protection panel to allow access for
maintenance and future modifications. Flush mounted protection equipment should be mounted

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so that equipment modules can be added and replaced without excessive demounting.

10.5.2 Dimensions
The equipment adopts IEC standard chassis and is rack with modular structure. It uses an integral
faceplate and plug terminal block on backboard for external connections. RCS-931 is IEC 4U high
and 19” wide. Figure 10.5-1 shows its dimensions and Figure 10.5-2 shows the panel cut-out.

GRP
101.6
177.0

ESC

Figure 10.5-1 Dimensions of RCS-931

465.0
101.6

179.0

4-
Ф6.8
450.0

Figure 10.5-2 panel cut-out of RCS-931

10.5.3 Grounding Guidelines

Switching operations in HV installations generate transient over voltages on control signal cables.
There is also a background of electromagnetic RF fields in electrical installations that can induce
spurious currents in the devices themselves or the leads connected to them.

All these influences can influence the operation of electronic apparatus. On the other hand,
electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of other apparatus.

In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed

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with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.

Note!

All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.

10.5.4 Cubicle Grounding

The cubicle must be designed and fitted out such that the impedance for RF interference of the
ground path from the electronic device to the cubicle ground terminal is as low as possible.

Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.

Note!

If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts of it
forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission of
interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.

Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (refer to Figure 10.5-3).

The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.

Note!

For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials according
to the electrochemical code.

The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).

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Figure 10.5-3 Cubicle grounding system

10.5.5 Ground Connection on the Device

There is a ground terminal on the rear panel (refer to Figure 10.5-4), and the ground braided
copper strip can be connected with it. Take care that the grounding strip is always as short as
possible. The main thing is that the device is only grounded at one point. Grounding loops from
unit to unit are not allowed.

There are some ground terminals on some connectors of the relays, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (refer to Figure 10.5-4) is the only ground terminal of this device.

Figure 10.5-4 Ground terminal

10.5.6 Grounding Strips and their Installation

High frequency currents are produced by interference in the ground connections and because of
skin effect at these frequencies, only the surface region of the grounding strips is of consequence.

The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.

Data of braided copper strip: threaded M4, 4.0mm2. Proper terminations must be fitted to both
ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting them firmly to the items to be connected.

The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.

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The following figure shows the ground strip and termination.

Figure 10.5-5 Ground strip and termination

10.5.7 Making the electrical connections

Always make sure established guidelines for this type of terminal is followed during installation.
When necessary use screened twisted-pair cables to minimize susceptibility. Otherwise, use any
kind of regular nonscreened tinned RK cable or equivalent.

When using screened cabling always use 360° full screen cable bushing to ensure screen
coupling. Ensure that all signals of the single circuit are in the same single cable. Avoid mixing
current and voltage measuring signals in the same cable. Also use separate cables for control and
measuring circuits.

1) Connecting the VT/CT circuits:

Heavy-duty terminal block, M4 threaded terminal ends. VT circuit must be connected with the
protective device through an MCB.

2) Connecting the auxiliary power:

Auxiliary power cords cross can be directly screwed fixed on the rear panel of DC board. Refer to
section 6.2.1.

3) Input/output signal connectors:

Welding terminals. Those devices are supplied with sufficient M4 screws for making connections
to the rear mounted terminal blocks using ring terminals, with a recommended maximum of two
ring terminals per relay terminal.

To meet the insulation requirements of the terminal block, for the sake of safety, an insulating
sleeve should be fitted over the ring terminal after crimping.

The wire used for all connections to the welding terminal blocks and heavy duty terminal blocks,
except the EIA(RS)485 port, should have a minimum voltage rating of 300Vrms.

It is recommended that the auxiliary power circuit wiring should be protected by using a 16A high
rupture capacity (HRC) fuse of type NIT or TIA. For safety reasons, current transformer circuits
must never be open.

4) Connecting to protective ground:

Connect the unit to the grounding bar of the cubicle with green/yellow conductor; connected to the

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protective Earthing terminal at the back of the DC board. Refer to section 6.2.1. Attend that the
earth wire must be as short as possible. All cautions have to be taken to ensure the best electrical
conductivity, particularly the contact quality, stainless conductor. The impedance between the relay
Earthing terminal and the Earth must be less than 20mΩ under 12Volt, 50Hz. What matters is that
the device has to be only grounded at one point. Loop grounding from unit to unit is not allowed.

5) Installing the optic fibres

Connectors are generally color coded; connect blue or dark grey cable connectors to blue or dark
grey (receive) back-side connectors. Connect black or grey cable connectors to black or grey
(transmit) back-side connectors.

Fiber optical cables are sensitive to handling. Do not bend too sharply. The minimum curvature
radius is 15 cm for plastic fibers and 25 cm for glass fibers. If cable straps are used, apply with
loose fit.

Note!

Always hold the connector, never the cable, when connecting or disconnecting optical
fibres. Do not twist, pull or bend the fibre. Invisible damage may increase fibre damping
thus making communication impossible.

6) Installing the RS-485 serial port communication cables:

When using galvanic connection between protective relay and communication equipment or
point-to-point galvanic connection between two protective relays it is essential that the cable
installation is carefully done. This is true regardless of type of module used, only the possible
length of the cable differs. The factors that must be taken into account is the susceptibility for noise
disturbance, due to that the levels of the communication signal are very low. For a best result, a
cable with twisted pairs with screen should be used.

RS485 serial communication interface, a termination 120-ohm resistor has to be connected at

each extremity of the bus. Refer to Chapter 9.

10.5.8 Typical Wiring

Relevant information about the modules and the connectors of the relay are listed in following
table. Refer to Chapter 6 can help to wire correctly and effectively.

No. Item Function

1 PWR DC power supply
2 AI AC current and voltage input
3 LPF Low-pass filter
4 CPU Control nucleus of the equipment
5 COM Communication interface
6 BI Binary input
7 BI Binary input
8 SIG Signal module

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9 BO Binary output
A BO Binary output
B BO Binary output
C BO Binary output (optional)
D BO Binary output (optional)

The typical wiring of the protective device is shown as below.

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209 210 211 212 213 214 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208
Ua Ub Uc Un Ux Ux' Ia Ia' Ib Ib' Ic Ic'

VOLTAGE INPUT CURRENT INPUT

628 DC (+) + COM 802 COM 808

630 DC (-) - BSJ-1 804 BSJ-2 810

602 BI_Print + BJJ-1 806 BJJ-2 812

604 BI_Pulse_GPS + COM 814 COM 822

606 BI_ResetTarget + BFI_A_1 816 BFI_A_2 824

608 BI_BlkComm + BFI_B_1 818 BFI_B_2 826

610 EBI_Opt1_AR + BFI_C_1 820 BFI_C_2 828

612 EBI_Opt2_AR +

614 EBI_Lockout + COM 901 COM 902

616 BI_En_Z1 +
Cls_1 911 TrpA-1 905
618 BI_ExTrP1P_AR + Cls_3 929
TrpB-1 907
620 BI_ExTrp3P_AR + Cls_3 930
TrpC-1 909
622 BI_MCB_VT_Syn + Cls_2 927

624 BI_MCB_VT + Cls_2 928 COM 904

626 BI_52b_PhA + COM 916

TrpA-2 908
TrpA_3 915
728 DC (+) + TrpB-2 910
TrpB_3 917
730 DC (-) - TrpC-2 912
TrpC_3 918
702 BI_52b_PhB +
COM 920 COM 924
704 BI_52b_PhC +
TrpA-4 919 TrpA-5 923
706 BI_LowPres_AR +
TrpB-4 921 TrpB-5 925
708 BI_Send_TT +
TrpC-4 922 TrpC-5 926
710 BI_Send_TS1 +

712 BI_Send_TS2 +
TDGJ-1 A01 TJ-1 A09
714 Reserved +
TDGJ-1 A02 TJ-1 A10
716 Reserved +
TDGJ-2 A03 TJ-2 A11
718 Reserved +
TDGJ-2 A04 TJ-2 A12
720 Reserved +
TDGJ-3 A05 TJABC-1 A13

722 Reserved + TDGJ-3 A06 TJABC-1 A14

724 Reserved + TDGJ-4 A07 YC1-1 A21

726 Reserved + TDGJ-4 A08 YC1-1 A22

TJABC-2 A15 YC1-2 A23

101 DC+ TJABC-2 A16 YC1-2 A24

102 DC-
BCJ-1 A17 YC2-1 A25
103
BCJ-1 A18 YC2-1 A26
104 OPTO+
BCJ-2 A19 YC2-2 A27
105 OPTO-
BCJ-2 A20 YC2-2 A28
106 GROUND

GROUND BUS
Syn_Fail-1 B09 AR_INP-1 B13

Syn_Fail-1 B10 AR_INP-1 B14

LCD
Syn_Fail-2 B11 AR_INP-2 B15
KEYPAD
Syn_Fail-2 B12 AR_INP-2 B16

AR_Fail-1 B17 AR_BLK-2 B21

PC
AR_Fail-1 B18 AR_BLK-2 B22

501 RS485A AR_Fail-2 B19 AR_BLK-1 B23 1 1

502 RS485B AR_Fail-2 B20 AR_BLK-1 B24 2 2

503 GND BO25_1 B25 BO25_2 B27 3 3

504 RS485A BO25_1 B26 BO25_2 B28 4 4

505 RS485B 5 5

506 GND 6 6

507 RS485A 7 7

508 RS485B 8 8
FIBRE R
509 GND 9 9

510 RS485A/RS232R
FIBRE T RS232 DB 9
511 RS485B/RS232T
ETHERNET DB 15
512 GROUND
AI FOR TEST

Figure 10.5-6 RCS-931 integral structure diagram

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10.6 Check The External Circuitry

The user must check the installation, which includes verifying that the relay is connected to the
other parts of the protection system. This is done with the relay and all connected circuits
de-energized.

1) Checking the VT/CT circuits

Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied wiring diagram.

Test the circuitry. The following tests are recommended:

„ Polarity check

„ CT circuit current measurement (primary injection test)

„ Grounding check

The polarity check verifies the integrity of the circuits and the phase relationship. The check should
be performed as close as possible to the relay. The primary injection test verifies the CT ration and
the wiring all the way through from the primary system to the relay. Injection must be performed for
each phase-to-neutral circuit and each phase-to-phase pair. In each case currents in all phases
and the neutral line are measured.

2) Checking the power supply

Check that the value of the auxiliary supply voltage remains with the permissible range under all
operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct according to the instruction manual on the
rear plate of DC board. Refer to section 6.2.1.

3) Checking binary input circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector form the binary input cards. Check all connected
signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the relay’s specifications.

Note!

The binary inputs may be energized from an external dc auxiliary supply (e.g. the station
battery) in some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field
voltage otherwise damage to the protection may result. The status of each binary input can
be viewed using either RCSTool_900 software installed in a portable PC or by checking
the front man-machine interface LCD. When each binary input is energized the display will
change to indicate the new state of the inputs.

4) Checking binary output circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector form the binary output cards. Check all
connected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with the relay’s specifications.

10.7 Energizing the Protection Equipment

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Before the procedures in this section can be carried out the connection to external circuitry must
have been checked which ensures that the installation was made correctly.

The user must energies the power supply to the relay to start it up. This could be done in a
numerous of ways, from energizing a whole cubicle to energizing a single relay. The user should
reconfigurate the relay settings. The relay time must be set. The self-supervision function should
also be checked to verify that the relay unit operates properly. The user could also check the
software version, the relay’s serial number, the installed modules, and their ordering number to
ensure that the relay is according to delivery and ordering specifications.

1) Checking front panel LCD display

The liquid crystal display (LCD) is designed to operate in a wide range of substation ambient
temperatures. For this purpose, this relay has an automatic “LCD contrast” adjusting feature,
which is capable to adjust LCD contrast automatically according to the ambient temperature.

Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.

2) Setting the date and time of the protective device

If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.

Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item “CLOCK”. Refer to
section 8.4.10 for detailed procedures.

In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.

To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.

3) Checking light emitting diodes (LEDs)

On power up, the green LED “HEALTHY” should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the protective device is healthy.

The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclose when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.

It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.

10.8 Setting The Protection Equipment

The customer specific values for each setting parameter have to be available. Each function
included in the relay has several setting parameters which has to be set in order to make the relay

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behave as intended. A default value is provided for each parameter from factory.

All settings can be:

„ Download from a PC or laptop with RCSTool_900 software or remotely by SCADA. Front port
communication has to be established before the settings can be downloaded.

„ Entered manually through the local HMI (refer to section 8.4.6)

To change settings through the local HMI need a password which is “+”, “◄”, “▲” and “-”
keyboard on the front panel.

Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for determining the
application-specific settings to be applied to the protection and for testing of any scheme logic
applied by external wiring and/or configuration of the protection’s internal programmable scheme
logic.

10.9 Establishing Connection And Verifying Communication

This test should only be performed where the protection is to be accessed from a remote location
and will vary depending on the communications standard being adopted.

It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the protection’s rear communications port and any protocol converter
necessary.

10.10 Verifying settings by secondary injection

Required tools for testing of a protective device:

Minimum equipment required:

„ Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.

„ Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0-440V and 0-250V
respectively.

„ Continuity tester (if not included in the multimeter).

„ Phase angle meter.

„ Phase rotation meter.

Note!

Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.

Optional equipment:

„ An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500 V (for
insulation resistance test when required).

„ A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be

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tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).

„ EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).

„ An EPSON® 300K printer.

„ RCS-9000 serials dedicated protection tester TEST or HELP-90.

At the same time, the calculated settings, substation configuration diagram, the protective device
diagram and the instruction manual is essential to test the protective device.

The relay has to be set before the testing can start. Only the functions that are used should be
tested.

The response from a test can be viewed in different ways:

„ Binary output signals

„ Service values in the local HMI

„ A PC with RCSTool_900 software or SCADA or master station

All used setting groups should be tested. The user can release the functions to be tested and
prevent other functions from operation by setting the corresponding parameters. The user could
also energize the binary input [BI_BlkComm] to disable communication function to ensure that no
events are reported to remote station during the test.

The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific protection settings (i.e. both the
protection’s function and programmable scheme logic settings), for the particular installation, have
been correctly applied to the protection.

10.10.1 Insulation test (if required)

Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.

Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:

„ Voltage transformer circuits

„ Current transformer circuits

„ DC power supply

„ Optic-isolated control inputs

„ Output contacts

„ Communication ports

The insulation resistance should be greater than 100MΩ at 500V.

Test method:

To unplug all the terminals sockets of this protective device, and do the Insulation resistance test

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for each circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.

On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection

10.10.2 AC measurement check

1. Current measurement check

This test verifies that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading can then be checked
either in the protection’s submenu “PORT MEASUREMENT column or a portable computer
connected to the front communication port with software RCSTool_900.

The measurement accuracy of the protection is ± 5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.

2. Voltage measurement check

This test verifies that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading either in the protection’s
submenu “PORT MEASUREMENT or a portable computer connected to the front communication
port with software RCSTool_900.

The measurement accuracy of the protection is ±5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.

Note!

The trip circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental operation
of the associated circuit breaker.

10.10.3 Binary input check

This test checks that all the binary inputs on the relay are functioning correctly. The binary inputs
should be energized one at a time, see external connection diagrams for terminal numbers.

Ensure that the voltage applied on the binary input must be within the operating range. The status
of each binary input can be viewed using menu item “BI STATE”. Sign “1” denotes an energized
input and sign “0” denotes a de-energized input. Refer to section 6.2.6 and section 6.2.7.

10.10.4 Print fault report

In order to acquire the details of protection operation, it is convenient to print the fault report of
protection device. The printing work can be easily finished when operator presses the print button
on panel of protection device to energize binary input [BI_Print] or operate control menu. What
should be noticed is that only the latest fault report can be printed if operator presses the print
button. A complete fault report includes the content shown as follows.

1) Trip event report

2) Binary input when protection devices start

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3) Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start

4) Fault wave forms compatible with COMTRADE

5) The setting value when the protection device trips

10.10.5 On-load Checks

The objectives of the on-load checks are:

1) Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.

2) Measure the magnitude of on-load current and voltage (if applicable).

3) Check the polarity of each current transformer.

However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.

Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.

If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.

10.11 Final Check

After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.

Ensure that the protection has been restored to service.

If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.

Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.

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Chapter 11 Maintenance
NR numerical relay RCS-931 is designed to require no special maintenance. All measurement and
signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully solid state. The output
relays are hermetically sealed.

Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.

Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.

11.1 Appearance Check

1. The relay case should be clean without any dust stratification. Case cover should be sealed
well. No component has any mechanical damage and distortion, and they should be firmly
fixed in the case. Relay terminals should be in good condition. The keys on the front panel
with very good feeling can be operated flexibly.

2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the
primary system is live when withdrawing an AI module. Never try to insert or withdraw the
relay board when it is unnecessary.

3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.

11.2 Failure Tracing And Repair

Failures will be detected by automatic supervision or regular testing.

When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “ALM REPORT” screen on the LCD.

When a failure is detected during regular testing, confirm the following:

„ Test circuit connections are correct

„ Modules are securely inserted in position

„ Correct DC power voltage is applied

„ Correct AC inputs are applied

„ Test procedures comply with those stated in the manual

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11.3 Replace Failed Modules

If the failure is identified to be in the relay module and the user has spare modules, the user can
recover the protection by replacing the failed modules.

Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.

Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. And the AI and PWR module replaced should have the
same ratings.

The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “VERSION”.

Caution!

When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.

1) Replacing a module

„ Switch off the DC power supply

„ Disconnect the trip outputs

„ Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs

„ Unscrew the module.

Warning!

Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.

2) Replacing the Human Machine Interface Module (front panel)

„ Open the relay front panel

„ Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.

„ Detach the HMI module from the relay

„ Attach the replacement module in the reverse procedure.

3) Replacing the AI, PWR, CPU, BI or BO module

„ Unscrew the module connector

„ Unplug the connector from the target module.

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„ Unscrew the module.

„ Pull out the module

„ Inset the replacement module in the reverser procedure.

„ After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.

Warning!

Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.

Warning!

When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist
band and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the
electronic components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the
settings.

Danger!

After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.

11.4 Replace Button Battery

When the voltage of button Battery on CPU board is below 2.5 volts (nominal voltage is 3 volts),
please replace the button battery to ensure internal clock of CPU board running correctly.

11.5 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning.

Front panel cleaning: use a smooth cloth. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.

11.6 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-6 the storage temperature should be from –25oC to 70oC, but the temperature of from 0oC
to 40oC is recommended for long-term storage.

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Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal

12.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off

To switch off the RCS-931, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.

2. Disconnecting Cables

Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.

Danger!

Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the PWR module of the
RCS-931, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.

Danger!

Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.

3. Dismantling

The RCS-931 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.

Danger!

When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.

12.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.

Note!

Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.

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 Chapter 13 Manual Version History

Chapter 13 Manual Version History

In the manual of RCS-931_MY, several descriptions on existing features have been modified.
These are described with reference to the table listed below:

Software Manual
Source Documentation
Release Release
R4.00 R2.00 R1.01 RCS-931_MY Line Differential Relay
R4.01 R2.01 R2.00 RCS-931_MY Line Differential Relay

Manual
Section Page No. Description of change Note
Version
R1.00 Original Release
PSB is change into PSBR, and
3.3.2.12 29~37 Amended
corresponding description is re-writen.
The logic scheme of current differential
3.3.5.6 46~48 Amended
protection is amended.
The logic scheme of VT circuit failure
R1.01 4.4.3 73 Added
detection is added.
The logic scheme of CT circuit failure
4.4.5 74 Added
detection is added.
The logic scheme of differential
4.6 75 Added
protection supervision is added.
Chapter 2 5~14 Technique data Amended
15~17,
Chapter 3 Protection Description Amended
37~51, 54~68
Chapter 4 71~76 Automatic Supervision Amended
Chapter 5 79~82 Metering and recording Amended
R2.00 Chapter 6 83~98 Hardware Description Amended
Chapter 7 101~124 Settings Amended
Chapter 8 127~147 Human Machine Interface Amended
Chapter 9 153~164 Communications Amended
Chapter 10 175~178 Installation and Commissioning Amended
Chapter 13 191 Manual Version History Amended
3.3.4 38 Phase overcurrent protection Added
3.3.6 51 Thermal overload Amended
3.3.5 46~48 PSCVR PSBR element Added
R2.01 6.2.5 87~89 Communication interface module Amended
Settings about phase overcurrent
7.4 105~114 Added
protection
7.5 114~124 Logic settings about phase overcurrent Amended

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Chapter 13 Manual Version History

protection and Thermal overload

protection
Chapter 13 191 Manual Version History Added

192 NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD