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UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER (UAS)
SEMESTER GENAP 2020/2021
Mata Kuliah : Advanced Reading
Hari/Tanggal : Selasa/ 27 Juli 2021
Waktu : 90 menit
BP/Sesi : 2019 A, B dan C
Jenis Ujian : Close Book
Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Dosen : Suharni M.Pd
Sesmiyanti S.S, M.Pd
Petunjuk :
1. Berdoalah sebelum Mengerjakan ujian.
2. Tuliskan No. Absen di kiri atas lembarJawaban.
3. Tuliskan identitas diri pada lembar jawaban yang disediakan.
4. Bacalah soal dengan teliti dan jawablah sesuai dengan petunjuk yang diberikan.
5. Dilarang menggunakan HP dan Kalkulator selama ujian.
Direction: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to the questions that
follow.
Passage 1
Perhaps the most obvious way artistic creation reflect how people live is by
mirroring the environment-the materials and technologies available to a culture. Stone,
wood, tree bark, clay, and sand are generally available materials. In addition, Line
Line depending on the locality, other resources may be accessible: shells, horns, gold,
(5) copper, and silver. The different uses to which societies put these materials are of
interest to anthropologists who may ask, for example, why a people chooses to use clay
and not copper when both items are available. Although there are no conclusive answers
yet, the way in which a society views its environment is sometimes apparent in its
choice and use of artistic materials. The use of certain metals, for example, may be
(10) reserved for ceremonial objects of special importance. Or the belief in the supernatural
powers of a stone or tree may cause a sculptor to be sensitive to that material.
What is particularly meaningful to anthropologist is the realization that although
the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do
artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done. Why does the artist in
(15) Japanese society rake sand into patterns; and the artist in Roman society melt sand to
form glass? Moreover, even when the same material is used in the same way by
members of different societies, the form or style of the work varies enormously from
culture to culture. A society may simply choose to represent objects or phenomena that
are important to its population. An examination of the art of the Middle Ages tells us
(20) something about the medieval preoccupation with theological doctrine. In addition to
revealing the primary concerns of a society, the content of that society's art may also
1
reflect the culture's social stratification.
1. According to the passage, gold, copper, and silver are
(A) more difficult to handle than wood and stone
(B) commonly used by artists in all societies
(C) essential to create ceremonial objects
(D) available only in specific locations
2. The word "conclusive" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) definitive (B) controversial (C) concurrent (D) realistic
3. The word "apparent" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) attractive (B) logical (C) evident (D) distinct
4. Why does the author mention the "supernatural powers of a stone or tree" in line 10?
(A) To show that some sculptors avoid working with specific materials
(B) To emphasize the unusual properties of certain materials
(C) As an example of how art can be influenced by cultural beliefs
(D) As an illustration of the impact of the environment on religious beliefs
5. The word "it" in line 13 refers to
(A) realization (B) society (C) extent (D) influence
6. It can be inferred that the author mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because
(A) they influenced each other
(B) of their stable social conditions
(C) of the unique stylistic features of their art
(D) they used the same artistic material in very different ways
7. According to the passage, all of the following statements about sand are true EXCEPT
(A) It is used to create glass.
(B) Roman artists mix it into their paints.
(C) Its use varies from culture to culture.
(D) Japanese artists use it to create artistic patterns.
8. The word "Moreover" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) similarly (B) in addition (C) in contrast (D) frequently
9. The word "preoccupation" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) involvement (B) separation (C) relationship (D) argument
10. The word "primary" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) discrete (B) preliminary (C) ideal (D) fundamental
Passage 2
A pioneering set of experiments has been important in the revolution in our
understanding of animal behavior-a revolution that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only
humans have minds. These experiments were designed to detect consciousness-that is signs
Line of self-awareness or self-recognition-in animals other than humans. The scientific
(5) investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual
tools of the experimental psychologist. This may be one reason that many researchers have
shield away from the notion of mind and consciousness in nonhuman animals. In the late
2
1960's, however, psychologist Gordon Gallup devised a test of the sense of self: the mirror
test. If an animal were able to recognize its reflection in a mirror as "self", then it could be
(10) said to possess an awareness of self, or consciousness. It is known that a cat or a dog reacts
to its own image in a mirror, but often it treats it as that of another individual whose
behavior very soon becomes puzzling and boring.
The experiment called for familiarizing the animal with the mirror and then marking
the animal's forehead with a red spot. If the animal saw the reflection as just another
(15) individual, it might wonder about the curious red spot and might even touch the mirror. But
if the animal realized that the reflection was of itself, it would probably touch the spot on its
own body. The first time Gallup tried the experiment with a chimpanzee, the animal acted as
if it knew that the reflection was its own; it touched the red spot on its forehead. Gallup'
report of the experiment, published in a 1970 articles, was a milestone in our understanding
(20) of animal minds, and psychologists wondered how widespread self-recognition would prove
to be.
11. The word "dogma" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) evaluation (B) proof (C) intention (D) belief
12. The word "detect" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) imitate the behavior of (B) provide a reason for
(C) discover the presence of (D) report a need for
13. Which of the following statements best describes the behaviorists position with regard to
consciousness in nonhuman animals?
(A) Most nonhuman animals show signs of self-consciousness.
(B) Most nonhuman animals can be taught self-consciousness.
(C) Chimpanzees are the only nonhuman animals that have a human level of self-
consciousness.
(D) Nonhuman animals do not possess self-consciousness.
14. The author suggests that researchers before 1960 probably avoided studying nonhuman animal
consciousness because they
(A) did not wish to experiment with live animal subjects
(B) were discouraged by earlier unsuccessful experiments that studied human consciousness
(C) had not yet devised adequate research methods for animal consciousness experiments
(D) lacked the necessary laboratory equipment
15. The phrase "shied away from" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) approached (B) avoided (C) respected (D) allowed
16. What does the author mean when stating in line 13 that "The experiment called for familiarizing
the animal with the mirror"?
(A) The experiment required the use of a chimpanzee that had not participated in previous
mirror tests.
(B) Gallup had to allow the chimpanzee to become accustomed to the mirror before he began
the experiment.
(C) Gallup had to teach the chimpanzee to recognize its reflection in the mirror.
(D) The chimpanzee had to first watch the experiment being conducted with another
chimpanzee.
17. The word "it" in line 15 refers to
(A) red spot (B) animal (C) reflection (D) another
individual
18. The chimpanzee in Gallup's first experiment responded to the mirror test by touching
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(A) its own forehead (B) the researcher's forehead
(C) the red spot on the mirror (D) the red spot on another chimpanzee
19. The word "milestone" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) significant development (B) initial step
(C) universal concept (D) obstruction to progress
Passage 3
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations
for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and
to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the
Line normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead
(5) of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would
involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their
temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as
high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The
overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the
(10) temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the
camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is
absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin
until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water
(15) to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to
30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human
beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally
important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert
animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been
(20) known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on
the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the
human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body
fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of
obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water
(25) hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-
adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely
dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under
conditions of moderate thirst.
20. What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) Weather variations in the desert (B) Adaptations of desert animals
(C) Diseased of desert animals (D) Human use of desert animals.
21. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?
(A) It helps them hide from predators.
(B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.
(C) It helps them see their young at night
(D) It keeps them cool at night.
22. The word "maintaining" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) measuring (B) inheriting (C) preserving (D) delaying
23. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of
(A) an animal with a low average temperature
(B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
(C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
(D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature
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24. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?
(A) Just before sunrise (B) In the middle of the day
(C) Just after sunset (D) Just after drinking
25. The word "tolerate" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) endure (B) replace (C) compensate (D) reduce
26. What causes water intoxication?
(A) Drinking too much water very quickly (B) Drinking polluted water
(C) Bacteria in water (D) Lack of water.
27. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?
(A) They do not need to eat much food. (B) They can eat large quantities quickly
(C) They easily lose their appetites. (D) They can travel long distances looking
for food.
28. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?
(A) To show how they use camels. (B) To contrast them to desert mammals.
(C) To give instructions about desert survival. (D) To show how they have adapted to
desert life.
29. The word "obtain" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) digest (B) carry (C) save (D) get
30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?
(A) Variation in body temperatures (B) Eating while dehydrated
(C) Drinking water quickly (D) Being active at night.
Passage 4
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American
language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in
the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in
hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh
Line meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice used to
(5)
refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the
ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in
Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible
because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern
refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we
might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics
(10) of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The
commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from
melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the
cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in
blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the
nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and
(15)
circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been
on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of
Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he
used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that
customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to
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pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks.
(20) One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer
have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
(25)
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ice on the diet (B) The development of refrigeration
(C) The transportation of goods to market (D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth
century
32. According to the passage, when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the
United States?
(A) In 1803 (B) Sometime before 1850
(C) During the Civil War (D) Near the end of the nineteenth
century
33. The phrase "forward-looking" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) progressive (B) popular (C) thrifty (D) well-established
34. The author mentions fish in line 5 because
(A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox
35. The word "it" in line 6 refers to
(A) fresh meat (B) the Civil War (C) ice (D) a refrigerator
36. According to the passage, which of the following was an obstacle to the deveopment of
the icebox?
(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
(C) The use of insufficient insulation
(D) Inadequate understanding of physics
37. The word "rudimentary" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) growing (B) undeveloped (C) necessary (D) uninteresting
38. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would
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(A) completely prevent ice from melting (B) stop air from circulating
(C) allow ice to melt slowly (D) use blankets to conserve ice
39. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" (line 18-19) to
indicate that
(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
(B) Moore was an honest merchant
(C) Moore was a prosperous farmer
(D) Moore's design was fairly successful
40. According to the passage, Moore's icebox allowed him to
(A) charge more for his butter (B) travel to market at night
(C) manufacture butter more quickly (D) produce ice all year round
*Good Luck*
