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Electrical Graphics (Eec114)

Know your symbols

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Martin Isaac
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4K views28 pages

Electrical Graphics (Eec114)

Know your symbols

Uploaded by

Martin Isaac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Te te semen Orta TY © ® Ory | eed Circuit Drawings and Wiring Diagrams Description Successfully performing electrical work requires the ability to read and interpret many different types of drawings and diagrams. Understanding circuit symbols and components is another one of the basic building blocks needed to become an electrician. Ifan electrician misinterprets & \trawing or diagram when wiring a house, devices could be incorrectly installed or even missed altogether. Knowing hovr to property take information from an electrical drawing or diagram and apply itto the real world is essential for electricians, Lesson Outcomes The student will be able to: * Know the difference betwaen a circuit drawing and a wiring diagram + Understand some basic symbols for schematic drawings and wiring diagrams + Produce a wiring diagram + Understand the difference between different types af diagrams + Know how to draw a basic floor plan with electrical symbols Assumptions Students will have been introduced to electical equpment and terminology. n aden hey wil Understand: y + Basic electrical cicuts and theory + Branch circuit witing + Abbasie top view floorplan Terminology 5 diagram: a ciagram ofa syst in which he principal parts o functions aro ty Socks tornocid bytes that dow ne etna of he Mea ‘i a fe ie Circuit Drawings and Wiring Diagrams pee Circuit drawing (diagram): a simplified conventional graphical representation of an electrical ‘SyMB04 LEGEND D | orvterecapace =) Ee Figure 2-Cieut sewing Line diagram: a one-tne diagram or single-ine chagram isa simplified notation for an olectrical system. The one-ine diagram is similar toa block diagram except that electrical elements such as switches, crcl breakers, transformers, and capacitor are shown By standarcized schematic symbols ( +2 4 Ce ek is pictorial diagram: a diagram that represents the elements ofa system using abstract, graphic drawings or realistic pictures. Schematic diagram: a diagram that uses lines to represent the wires and symbols to represent components It's used to show how the circuit functions. ao ?}—_f Cee eal Figure 4—Senemati diagram Wiring diagram (or pictorial) a simpified conventional pictorial representation of an electrical feu. It shows the components ofthe circu as simplified shapes, and . Connections between the devices. A wiring diagram usually gives more information abou tne ‘lative postion and arrangement of devices and terminals on the devices. iim eerien rcuits 1 Using the basic electrical floorplan and the symbol chart on the following pages, explain the electrical symbols to the students. Give students a standard photocopy of a floor plan (see the end ofthis Activity Plan that Includes a kitchen and have them draw one or two 12-device circuits using electrical symbols and paths for circuits as shown in the floorplan drawing (Figure 5) Note: Page 59 in the Electrical Cocle Simpitied 800k wil help students to understand ‘many devices are permitted per cicult and their electrical symbots Have students draw two outlets that require separate circus for a fridge anc. a d ‘that go directly back to panel (homerun shown as a short line directed toward the: ‘with an arrow on it) 4. Have students draw a legand of symbols for their drawing, hat aeconted ee Tree coon narra cron iooe —srboindcss Seo faagor ebay S20 te way th ‘hotwo gs. The Soe iate ate ‘tien tan tat the fou sashes you cates ie fecertacle 6 alwayightscanbe tha nee ae four SesuosesyparalA crook Contoies am two ‘edo nees si owt manta; ———. een ben, — oeonsat ‘issymbot tec ss bee ae tl eon / | aie sptiensees i, San pase i? Se Sess maar Siete reaac a totesee on ein man eeecnee ‘smal ack ange 3 Asal sniened dupes (neni ti cation They othe receptacles 2 Cc aoa Infor he recep Cental by al Sch Te symbol for the iter oes ater ade Semecteda the oe =e Eo ng sympa fs unc stow at {relate wart Aon igo rca The tee uses ros sre Electrician ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS Circuit Drawings ana Wi: General Outlets ‘Switch Symbols ging outlet banked outet ‘r0p cord fan out Iunetion bo lamphotdor lamholdor with pl swatch pul switch ©©0000000F 606656 dF lock outlet uoresount ture oodight singl-poe switch double pote switch thrae-way switch four way swith automate dor swich ‘wich and plot amp ‘Convenience Outlets pen receptacle ‘Single trplox receptacle ‘spit smtched-upex receptacle ‘hvoe-condctcr sli-dupex recaptaco vee concur sat duplex receptacle ae veamerpoot zetae range receniace seh ad evn ga} ol] 3 Jeatg ase Cte eu pe Activity 2: Basic Wiring Diagram Have students produce @ basie wiring diagram ‘The wiring diagram will show the circuit students wil wire in Wiring Devices and Wi Wall Section, The diagram should show incoming power feeding a receptacle. From the receptacle the cable feeds a switch. From the switch the cable feeds alight. Cmiooe a Plan for Main Floor of House | i ‘Youth Explore Trades Skits Bs. Ebectrica l Eny neces i Gtphac FE dag 2 BASIC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2.1 INTRODUCTION Electric ercut theory and electromagnetic theory are the two fundamental th Upon which al branches of electrical engineering are bul. Many branches of e entineering such as power, electric machines, contro, electronics, communications instrumentations, ae based on slecte ccut theay. Therefore, the basic elected ‘theory 5 the most important course for an electrical engineering student and akwaye excellent starting point fora beginning student in electrical engineering education, ‘theory is also a valuable to students specialiting in other branches ofthe physical ac ‘because circuits are good mode or te study of energy systems in general, and because| applied mathematic, physi, and topology involved. In electrical engineering, we ae often interested in communicating or tran {ergy fom one point to another, To do this requires an interconnection of eb {vices Such interconnection is refered to as an electric ereult ana each component of Crcuitisknown as an element. —vwwwws—— | An electric circuit isan interconnection of electrical elements, | ‘A simple electric circus shown in Fig. 2.1 t consis of three basic cor battery, a lamp and connecting wires. Such a simple ccut can exist by itself it ‘applications, suchas atch light search lights an so fort, 2.2 BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS 2.2.4 CHARGE ‘The concept of electrical charge is the underlying principle for explaining cleetical phenomena. Also the most basic quantity in an electric circuit Is the 1 experience the effect of electric charge when we try to remove OUF charge. We al ceive a shock. sweater and have it stick to our body or walk across a carpet and re Www ‘Charge isan electrical property ofthe atomic particles of which matter | consists, measured in coulombs (C) Charge, positive or negative, is denoted by the letterqor @ | F +4 \We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental bu blacks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutro also know thatthe charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1 , while a proton carries @ positive charge of the same magnitude as the presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutraly charged. 2.2.2 CURRENT www wn sainasrade | ine ae —_—_— F ‘Tele caret ste apr sbreried sand comp of total charge that passes through an arbitrary cross section of ee ee sree (The eo te nt a ae ee a Mathematically, alo or @=n a \Where Qs the symbol of charge measured in Coulombs (C), | is the current amperes (A) and tis the time in second (3. ‘The current can also be defined as the rate of charge passing through a point electric circuit int en a ‘constant current (also known as a direct current or DC) is denoted by whereas a time-varying curent (also known as alternating current or AC) is rep ‘the symbol é or it) Figure 2.2 shows direct current and alternating current, Example 2.3: ‘The total charge entering a terminal gen Y cutrentat t= 05 5 q = 5tsin dnt mC. Calculate the sesin tnt) = (sin Ant + 20RE cos A (= 3142 mA Example 2.4: Determine the total charge entering current passing the terminalis = (30? =A 2.2.4 Power ANO ENERGY ‘Although curent and voltage ar the two jas aR os pectin purposes, we need to grow ROW much POW 2% cnt by tems For ex when we yours tote eect Cemnanles, we are paving for the elec every cour ove 8. ceriinParod of tne Thus power and energy caleuaion ate important ia cet anaWi- sie voibles in an electric crt, they measured in Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing ene". fetter por. Fie. 2:The pase sen convention, ‘he law of conservation of energy must be obeyed in any electri crcl, For this ‘reason the algebraic sum of power ina ccut at any instant of time, must be zero: Yp-0 ‘This again confirms the fact thatthe total power ‘the total power absorbed, : W _1.8x:108 W_18xi0" = 1000 T 30x60 le. power rating of eater » 1hW. Thus Hence the current taken from the supaly is Example 2.7: ‘An energy sources forces a constant current of 2A for 10 s to flow through a lightbulb. f 2.3 4's given off inthe form of ight and heat energy, calculate the voltage drop across the bulb Solution: Teese ag = iat = 2x10= 206 (b) We find the voltage and the power as di v= 3° = 3¢-60n)5 sin 6ont = -900r sin 6Ont V SF = 3(-60n)5 sin 6Ont = ~9008 p= vl = —45007sin 60x cos 6Ont W 45007 sin0.18x cos0.18n = ~6:390W 2.2.5 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS ‘As we discussed in the introduction, an element isthe basic buildings block of = Circuit. An electric circuit is simply an interconnection of elements there are two types of ‘lements found in elect ccuts: passive elements and active elements An active element 's capable of generating energy while passive element isnot. Our aim inthis section is to {2infamilarty with some important passive and active elements 2.2.5.1 Passive elements (loads) ‘oad generally refers toa component ora piece of equipment to the output of lectric drcut. nits fundamental form, the load is represented by one or @ combination of the following cuit elements: AL Resistor). 2. Inductor ()- 3. Capacitor (©). ¥ ‘load can eter be restive inductive or apace nature oF a blend of them. For eval, 3 bs 2 pure ressve bad whereas 2 vasomer fbn ndtv and resistive, t ae 2282 Active elements ie ‘The most important active elements are voltage or current sources th

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