INTRODUCTION and GENERAL LAYOUTIntroduction and General layout Bold Aalin jtics Design of steel structures gad gil 9 sold! ode OD 5 prea AalS 48 GIT iy QSL! gh Cue Asbo WI) GLord) pret Talis Bald! oda) Lisle Ualye jsSie CUA y material JI GyI ps gles) Lia! pect dale Lola Joly PAV LU Gacy gle Gye gliss Yolyall ode ys fal Jad y 1) Advantages and disadvantages of steel: Advantages 1—High strength ALI] Aeglde yo gle! was) deglin 2-Fast construction 3—Easy to make extensions 4-Easy to make strengthening old! pe Uses S-Light weight gil cliasY WY 5 GLI Ge ylef yu! TUS SU 459 b9S YL! GB SWE 4 yao Go BS Ole plural + yoydie LS Asbo SII Lake Ge GST Aol 6-—No form work dee lad WI gles ¥ Haya) old! Asloyw) oltadl 7—-The whole structure can be transfer to another place et WSs ll IS Go Gana! JB y eld OSes! Oe Disadvantages 1-Corrosion Ge hey Las Pre Uymry Lozcall slgal Ge aac C5 I gue Laleos 2-Less fire resistant BL Go Sf GW was) Leg le 3-High maintenance cost QJW) cued! gd glad glbLdl glu! BLD g foal ald of gael US 4 Blea) GIL gd Led pl AUG yo y + Gy gaol Leg l2) Some _applications PAJWIS GUabl go 85 gb Goa) clad! You 1-High rise buildings Jax Yl ola33 E80) 107) Gas of due pladiol Go Yay droll he dedi pe Ae glie SIS material dl glias WWh » slam By lu lade Glins Gye Gl y GLI 2-Factories pled! lie Wisls place (Sis ode y Syl Leyes y Usa 3-Transmission towers aS! JB glyph 4-Storage tanks 5-Sign supports SLI eI 6—Bridges aU) 3b poli! ple! Lavy Gyn y 7- Hangers olslb! ob 3) Types of steel cross sections gd Lalas! GSedll Ge Gly GLEE Ge AT aos AV) SL LEI Lae 9 Goya LS La EAL Gwe aw * I-Sections ell BIS Lg LI) JSS gle led! 45% de ie Standard I-beams I-beams with parallel Broad flange I-beams (S.1.B)-(I.P.N) flange (1.P.E) (H.E.B) or (H.E.M) Lassies! 35 or (HEA) * Channels (U.P.N)# Angles | MUL 5% sf Uobll gi Lyle angle IN ley 45S a5 5 LL —<— ———< Ly Ly Equal angles Unequal angles Ly = Le Li # Le * Plates Gy hep AU HAS Lec tios 4 ubis Ge ayle Leclh 45% sys US JS, SLeLLS Yuet of Lato! pole! O | ie a Ge TigbIl 45 YET 5 dob Gh ALI! SleLLU! y Gf as y LayS3 9 PSyl ol grad Go Lal Jaw OA * Other shapesJslax Ge dle yay standard tables 4,53 glu! steel J) oles FAIS Joell JSS Us 5 by ty +; h tw Dimensions (mm) | X-X axis Y-Y axis h | bo | tw] ty | te | re | Se | ty | ry | Sy g0 | 46 | 3.8] 5.2/807/ 32/20; y[yvl[ly viviviviv[lvilvilvilvl|s vivivivivivilviyvi[yviu Vivivivivivlvilviviwe * Section No. => Wh Ji aah gf eULHI clits! ge Os» eLEII A3, * Weight > cla bo dybll jill 535 *Area = clei) plats Aol * Dimensions => ¢Uail JSS cue hss » *X-X axis <> X y904 dye properties of area JI *Y-¥ axis <> Y y9>4 dye properties of area JI * 1 <> moment of inertia em‘ *S => Section modulus omS dey Lard dev ts *r = radius of gyration em(7) > radius of gyration (cm) iy - inertia 7) Area (A) ¥ — a eg (Aes om ea i Ss eae eee z 200 16 properties of area JI slay) (Seal Go 5 r } 37 X BY yg gm 500 mm 10.2 | 426 Jes5) Structural properties for steel Modulus of elasticity(B) a, ,0) ple (Young's Modules) sya! ell JU cyl yas E = 2100 (‘\em*) Mass density ( P) eda Ge GcSa) sill ABS Ge Ble ye 4 ya! US P = 7.85 (t\m*)General layout of steel structures VARWL pid Gye yg Gays Bla! Ul yacy Lala pyB Gps pled be polled! 5 pas yi Steel lari! 4 WLS! poy 2! Lal due gladly Bae deg LSS US y Lull gies prorat TAT Lolo go pled! Mie Lie AplegI pola! preci old debts Jol ABLES polis) US gle ugns Aogl Ge Ble ye y Grad Layout poy -) + poled oda) RayyS Le! God gs Graal Me i Boga + Gua Ide le 335i Loads tI olan -1 + ARE) Lesley! olay! 5 pees! Mis pelt pect -1 + WS sey LL Grad! pele JU ulead pay -£ + Goad Layout I) pury TiS yo y ByLd Jol pled Gye Yop tll lhe ui y AUS COlS Alan y Telos pola! Gee GLU! plod yd Layo Concrete Factory tru J) ob Sul Concrete Slab -\ + rad) Ae fos GUI ye y God Abt Secondary beams -y Al YP) SLM ge y + BL WI aby! aos Main system -Y ol framed) 505 aay gil girder JI asl ol.Ayre! poled Tab j) GLU Goren La y Steel Factory U 4uu6)J!) G&S! Corrugated sheets-\ Aud 43559 bee GH Zhe Ge Ble ge 5 DL SII AbyW ty 5 5 Sum gyd poe DI dpb pacd bariol Sy pred! is Mey lop + leaf awe sags Y WWh sdtnod party Y pad! Ghd Shi yee af 6 kg\m? gem ae gral Sal O59 be gare ste O59 oF oe gllge Mle oI byl! 250 kg\m? 0.5mm Nae jaime GLa! claws Secondary beams (Purlins) -¥ Jeosd Leif dus yg gan Sly Ge dle ye y 695 Corrugated sheets J) 2) la33 Of Ble 69S 4 dbo leiclLs Purlins gat 5 Channels Trusses JI Ja 5 Truss of frame yc syle 559% 9 Main system -¥ depth 3) LIS Span J) oly LS ples LS asf Cus dy) Spans JI yi gad depth J y5S of (Sed) Ge a! Truss JI 63% 5 System JI + Apdo Lard Go diy Los ald 4359 WIL 4 chairall (yo gpd a) yshall Le Arya CUS 5 gia! yore UbL: 4,55 Corrugated sheets J} Agle Br gegal] Jao Yl Janis yin [Section je syle jy; Truss JI gece y 4Main Idea 294) 4 gual] ol234l i main system (Truss) JI gos py Ublo# +339! 695 HW » dyno Truss Span JI 593 go Balad 9S Suny LUS Rabu less do Go) Il yi Trusses J! yoy las # 8m gl 5m fy 39> 5 Spacing I) yaud gl 9 Wl » Truss JS oy Spacing = 5m => 8m B 8m Ly - -B———__-! (_______ 1 Main system placed in| Main system placed in| < the short direction ve the long direction x 4 Truss J\ oles! 5 SgacU Uogbll o3Il 45% Lolo ¥ B—---—-® Jago I-sectionS| sya. moment of inertia II yf dur yy zglall oleS¥l gud lly 9 (Y) pyre gm Laie 5:51 (X) y 500 + gle Yl Inertial system J} sly ye system JI oles! gi syaedSpacing (S) = 5m => 8m ——— Nae hdge Lamas 5255) Go ayY Ge gles sags GL! Go 9 # # The span of the truss is the short direction. lam pal # The long direction of column (I-Section) is in the same direction of the truss.Main System (Truss) Truss) nly Lela) SLajcil) Yass so gi # at % slope z.7 Upper chord => <<, 1 INN 1 J \ \ / , Vertical. /s0%260° / Clear Height Lower chord / | Diagonal | Span=(B) = (n*a) 1- Spacing Spacing between main trusses Spacing = 5m => 8m 2-Depth of main truss (H) _ Span (B) 4-236 >For cantilever truss > H= 3-Depth at column (h) Rmin.= 1.25m aac J Y minimum J 4—Slope of upper chord Zi tury = Set 2077 1 exe Zz 5- Panel length (a) (a) = Spacing between truss joints = 1.5m > 2m 6-—angle between members( a ) @ = 30°%>60° Span (L) 5° 8Main System (Truss) J\ pws Slyld # 1- Calculate y= SP" (B) 12316 2- Wy 5 minimum JN jo 5ST Lsf aS yA J! slog! Lode dybdJ) ode WL ps a- Take Z:1 = 10:1 = Get (h) “ 2 no Bf 10: h= H-[ +] t hmin= 125m. if h_< 1.26m ® v _ 4 = 20: ———— b- Take Z:1 = 20:1 = Get (h) Be B 1 0:1 h= H-[3-* ZI t hmin = 125m ae in if h < 1.26m o} C- Take h = 1.25m & Z:1 = 20:1 Get (H) 3\2 _ Bo 20st — Hohelazd @ 2] 3-— Get number of panels & satisfy the slope of the diagonals. _ Span (By os B\2 Even number 1.52 > O ectuar = “POO B) wm cee py 69S g! Ley Gad => Check ton! = 30%60° & tan’ _ 5960" Wale Absabe 30% 60° I! G2 Diagonals JI iy GIO Lyell Gs gl Gaal 5 nS 5 HS Ox 693 Sue a JI aS LI Jgbsfferent types of steel trusses oy ay 1.5922m 1.592m Span< 34m U Span< 34m W-Truss N-Truss ea Aor 1592m 2594m Span > 34m L U Span > 34m K-Truss Sub—divided truss 1.8 x NNWNW1T ko 1.5922m Span < 20m Span < 24m ‘Parallel chord Fink Truss systemTrusses J) sac 43,00 ll clins deny QD y Plan dl muy pyle sf PAWL ps® WY 4 Purtins JI sae 1—According to the short direction of the area, choose the type of the truss. L 538 L s = = S actuat no. of spacings 3-Draw the plan showing the main trusses with spacing = S actual Purlins_ r'y = Ge ae Osh of 4 2-—no. of spacings = Lar ‘pao 4- Draw sec. 1-1 to show the main truss. Purlins Detail A Corrugated _sheets oo B=nea Sec. 1-15- Draw purlins in sec. 1-1. - corrugated sheets J) Jat A296 SlaS ge le we 5 # Truss JI gl!) LJle! Jats Yio Truss joints J) wc pos of 2d # + (a) J) ge Lay GU Lidl) 4955 UU y + Byabio Jal Yaos LS Channels ge syle 49S LaiclLi # “Detail A ale Ab sole + gleY Lied 455% cyoy Purtins JI p03 LoloBracing Boge gall Rul yg UY Jan Laglis Main system (Truss) J) palin olginas gle Ar yasd] land) Aa glis pabainn Y As y olgioas ood ‘ Horizontal and vertical loads Horizontal loads prependicular in the plane of truss to the plane of truss Aaun Vertical loads I! go y JLo! be (ueg pyld of up WI der, Leal ys ywind loads JI ya 4 53) gyill 4 Truss) lalate ode 4 glyy3! sl due Truss JI Lalo ode 95 Truss JI obs! ys wind loads JI-\ olginne aid i GeS Lables, ¥ ode 9S Truss JI gle yoger obs! yi wind loads JI-¥ Laled al police WI clins MWh 4 olsine yle Arye Lod Truss JI «Bracing Jk yas polrcl| ode 4 J ~ Bracing II puagliy wind “Toadsf Gl p9B Truss II gle yosee olasl gi wind loads JI Lslid 4 cee pW pie WI 4s Truss 6 4 Jsl bx horizontal members gz -\ Truss J\ gle gigee oles! 4d wind loads JI Leslie pale: io Laan horizontal bracing Gee oS gerald Jobe GIS IS! Geaall day 8 py Go Lola JS members S| ode aud 9 AS horizontal bracing JL WF Gury dees Ls ols tl gb pay LiLaal Faas 9 Gayl ll JleaY Gass gp Lies Gf ge Gaal! Lalu -1 Gea Loslall olosYl gd wind JI Liglds ya horizontal bracing J| V2 Jlea%l Yuoss YD 4 horizontal truss) lwy.G gb ge Vlol pi horizontal bracing I! {1X yaw gd gis WWh » members J) ois aud 5 yoy Il ull Jla¥l Yogi vertical members horizontal bracing + vertical bracing Jl, a acbsbl oles Yl i Ley Le JL py Trusses JI JS fact gf glad 5-1 - longitudinal bracing JL gus vertical members. elas) gd aay GULad! 433 Y dun, longitudinal bracing JI 5% 5 + pA Ge wave \ Longitudinal, /- bracingVertical bracing root maximum 25m Horizontal 30% 60°| bracing . . : SW Bracing J! gly) Garb 5 1-Horizontal_ bracing e + Ga Le gbl oles 9! 5 2530m Vila JS padion # fad pyll lest! 4s wind loads JI daglid yas! Truss lS Jace 4 - Vertical bracing JI Jl Lali 5 gle ABiLawIl byt AW! bracing JI JISAT ye SS Gf plusinl Se ¥ O = 30%60° 55% cuss diagonals JI Jas 4515 St ee I I Tae dale AB yale too bracing II 43S g) (Su ¥ CSI dete ob ae did oye) ltl SUL ea2-Vertical_ bracing -Horizontal bracing JS sic piri # Truss a3l5 Juss 9 Horizontal bracing U Supportye sje os # + Gay Lars 4 acl,3U Horizontal bracing J) Joi 0, Ja wl + BI Ge grad! gl pbs dan d ¥ 30% 60"| 1 | | Clear height -—SyY gle Absa byte AWW bracing II JIS2F yo JSD Gf plant! Sy y QO = 3060" 53S Susy diagonals J) Jas 42515 G77 G77 dgecd] Gets ys Horizontal member pladinl Jak Rh >6m UL wes . Buckling J| Julad3-Longitudinal bracin oLeS¥l gd iy GU Lud! 4335 Y cusy longitudinal bracing J) pasiny # NRA] °° 48m bracing Space truss U3lS los LalS acd gio Trusses J! ja day yl aus Gaal # slic gi dR ge LGW! Aadall ys LS Layout II pw, Ly Way y # Nae Lame Ab gate lam Dole Ab gatlo VSI g dey Ledoall 3 Lal GIS SU Lili! JS yi bracing J) pu) 2 + Dotted Lid s\Se pws ole 5% AJrt maximum 25m bracing Horizontal Vertical bracin: Horizontal 30% 60"| Is0% 60° | 30% 60 Vertical bracing Sec. 2-2 Vertical bracingHorizontal Sec. 3-3 Longitudinal bracing Graal 5 truss 31g of ge 9 LE ae ly eee poy WI dy UL . End gable sectionJl 4,03 5 poe! GLb dyes Gis graall Gd B92gll polbel! JS Wales Losey 298) be eH) pjedl Aaleds py g Golsadl y Ala 4 Ala yo » corrugated sheets Jb ¢1B)2) WL 4S Sb ob bby go WH 5 labo pb SlyuS Wl glios corrugated sheets JI , Channels jc 3,Le Purlins J) fie Gl GLb 4 ily! 4s End girts Jl SlbYl 45 4 Side girts Jl liga) 5 Gad 5End gable “columns “} Side girts | % End girts | Eee _ iy end gable Il gant Au les 5 grad! Alay yb duel poy po HUY » lam oa 92 9 Truss JI ase ga end girts Ji Span Lay Uyiis Los ye y + Ugglll ol233l ys chy! Leglie y end girts J) Span Jul corrugated sheets!/ 528m gn y Trusses J| ja, Spacing J\ 42 Side girts J) Span 55% 5 ibs 5 SPamMIgim giend gable Il slice jx Loa! 45S 5 5>8m Spacing between end gable columns ge 4 0 > 3 4 3 3 Ww 4 4 4 3 i 4 4 43. 23 4 3 3 3 % Detail (A)Detail (A) SY / Detail (A) with corrugated sheetsEnd_gable_ section maximum 25m End gable section > & a A End_gable’-” ily ae Wind Ji py SY grea) pola! olas¥l ys end gabled) sre! oles! + poaaall esl! olas ll gi 1,5>2m 1.5>2m 1.52m 191.5m 223m End gable sectionmaximum 25m 30% 60°| bracing t B=nea Horizontal Sec. 1-1 30% 60"| [30% 60° | 30-60" Vertical bracing JI ws BI ieeai ode ual padi Sec. 2-2 Vertical bracingHorizontal 1,502m 1,502m 1.52m 1917.5m 23m Sec. 3-3 Longitudinal bracing 528m sf \ Bnd _girts Sec. 4-4 End gable sectionImportant notes + (LP.E 500) 52 je Truss J) jloae gf ane -) Ghsiod) syed! Job GU Scale 1:100 > pu le yd I cum 4 + (Sram) A> sll gb 424 500mm (5mm) | Fears) ve) (160) sc syle End girts J) 4 Side girts J| 5 Purlins J! 3f yo -¥ Git channel II Ug gli Seale 1:100 2 puss le Wl ys Wl cum y + (1.6mm) sli 5 4009 160mm f aan + Hated! 6d eo G5 ogay) SUI JEL bracing! 45S g) (Se ¥-* rc Ea ~ right _ 4 “/eracing wrong _ bracing ay L one bracing position position 7 v H+ x £Vertical bracing J\ 45 -& Speed! Guctite 3 Horizontal member pladinl Jai h 6m UL 45 5 . Buckling J\ Juli Lo---- (A) be Ayhay gglaall aad ph gTruss J yyo4 pwy cy pry! aie -0 (1) se Alay Laas 9 qe pedl oles Il gi ogee JS are jylas pry ee gy -1 + Apdo Dye gall ygoatl dans JS poms 9 -¥ Longitudinal bracing JS pes a -¥ TELS) wlll gs Bracing I) ples any WLI Al po MWh Loy Jytl Frame JI 9G WLW Bll ys oy SNM 59H Aaya) Bla! Gd Lay 60 om Bye Gacy GlyS Lal ys Laps! gle gsB Y MWh 916 om Gyo Gasy 495 9 Purlins JI go oa 8 Alo WW Bld UL gi of US. jpbsall ladecd Trusses JI gx baal gb Ley Low US inal L510 om ge iy ¥ claw GL, UL ALew GY his diene gm y GL BI) Ab yl gba! 69% Ayal + 0.5 mm Arata) Gla! gi LisVertical bracing JI gas J Nsld Co pos UL~ dy TrussIl Goye JalS cle Sh rlgall oY - Truss J\ gle My Jsinw Horizontal bracingHow to choose the type of truss N-Truss J) ty) Léle fas) a =>2m 7 B= Span ; 30% 60° 59% diagonals JI Jee 42915 of gle Check Yass 5 ULI ode gb 4 Truss U 525 depth jl glios Big Span JI Ux 4 OU 5 @> 60° IN 4 9Siw N-Truss arin! J fi 1.5>2m T Big Span a @ of aos 4N-Truss JI lad Gyos Gl 5 Big Span JI UL gi Ua-r @ JI ge5 im panel length (a) JI s5k5 WI clos out of range os Sub-divided truss J) pusi.s UU 530% 60° 52 y range Ji 5 1.502m Big SpanSub-—divided truss Important notes : 1— Distance between purlins is (1.5—2m) 2—Number of panels must be divisible by 4 (Egle TenHI ob) WIS Truss J) JSS jSas bygle Laut Jab EG pl Isls 3-End gable columns and longitudinal bracing should be every multipliers of (2a) not (a). (GQ) J) Gad 9 (2a) J) Glaclan 1.522m (—a q_| v v xLayout JI eo lbs + Truss Jl ¢93 agi05 -) . Truss depth J) Guuos -¥ Amin. JN ge JBI Lsl Sty, TrussJ) Ls Gi WyegJl AI! Gus -1 Pmin, = 1.25 |H SN Had Ye ps yg Aynin, JI gghs Lia cud 13! 5 69S 6) Lady Ab giles Lig) 655 Yin y panel length (a)JI Glas -& - Number of panels J) slur 9(H & h)JI onl (a) J) tad AalLoal! 453 Y cus pall longitudinal bracing J) sac ajros -0 laud ye end gable columns J! ySul 55% of bak » ph Gf pay . longitudinal bracing JI ySul + Geol! o459) 45 spacings) sac sass -1 eislmember Vlal yl clini 6m jy AN clear height II glS 131 -¥ + BucklingJ\ Jul8J vertical bracing II 43 SgeeL sa3 25>30m jo >I Horizontal bracing! 5 Jol ga lad! col 131 -A + pain, Horizontal bracing ixExample (1) A factory building is to be constructed over a rectangular area (21m x 42m), the main system is made up of steel trusses. Steel columns are provided along perimeter laowJI only, clear height = 7m, the covering material used is galvanized steel sheets. 2tm 42m It is required to : Draw a complete general layoutLayout JI eo lbs + Truss Jl ¢93 agi05 -) N-Truss or K-Truss J\ Gyo fas - Truss) depth J) uss -¥ Span (B) 21 = CPO NE = 7. 4-7 316 72216 7 3 1-75m Take H=1.75 m Pumin. JN ge JBI Ls Shy, TrussJ) lS Gi dayege) A) ues -1 Pinin, = 125M | H IN Xd Gy ats g Amin, JI pgs Lis od 13, * Take slope 10:1 > h= H-[2+t) t Rmin.= 125m 21 1 = 1.75 -[5-* il = 0.70 < 1.25m * Take slope 20:1 > h= H-(5. 5) t Rmin.= 1.25m 21 1 = 1.78 —1 > * 3 * Take h = 1.25 => H= arate +i t hmin= 125m & Slope 20:1 = 1.175 < 1.25m 2 = 1.25 [ie = 1.775 > 1.25m H=1.775m h=1.25m 69S 6) Jak Abyss bly) 59% Yin 4 panel length (a)JI Glua -£ - Number of panels J) slur 5(H & A) JI gyle (a) J) dad Hth 1.775 + 1.25 a= 2 =-— 7a = 1.51m Number of panels = aa = 13.9 | Take 14 panels | urs) po = 21 _ 1.50: = @ actual = q— ~ 190m actual = 1.50m Check Jac gil clins ¥ GkeIl gd (H & h) JI gals (a) J) Ly WL + bales Lhe W 6G 5+ bly! ulecheek tan! 2 - tan! 128 - 39,8° 30°60" & tant _tan-t £775 _ 499° 30% 60° a 1.5 Value) 53 Y cuss pal y longitudinal bracing J) sac sass -0 las’ ye end gable columns J! 4SUf 55% of dak » pA Oe pay . longitudinal bracing JI 4Sul 16 < span=21 < 24 =| Use 2 longitudinal bracing + eel! ola53l 45 spacings J) sac sass -1 42 Numb i =—— = 8.49 5.25 ‘umber of spacings SD take 7 spacings => Spacing -# =6m Number of spacings =7 & Spacing =6m isl member UiLal il clini 6m Go SN clear height II ylS 131 -¥ . Buckling J) Jt vertical bracing JI 5 syeceU sulky Clear height = 7m > 6m => Use add. member in vertical bracing 25> 30m fy» Sl Horizontal bracing, 4 Jol ga: TLad! coll 13) -A + pay Horizontal bracing das Distance between Horizontal bracings = 30m => No need for additional bracing. ) NVTd 002¢=0009%L Cc \ OOGIXPE ———000 1 &- @ ® @ @ @ ®)(9) 92 (gq) saxy NALSAS NIV 000 8 = 008 1 BE PH [ 0004 loszs(H) ® (V) saxy 4ITHVI ANI ————000 = 005 b&b t-——— oo08 T I i i i I i i IN i 0008 iy I 1 i i I i I i i i ooss oost oset o-—- Q-- oA g o—-(8) ® (%) saxy ONIDVEG TWNIGNLIINOT TTT 0000009 8 (+) ® (4) saxy ONIIVAG TWIILUGA eo 0002 = 000924 0002Hz. Bracing J) alebls {Sul yb yi End Cablet! such poy Jak OU » 3,Sle Wind Load JI Jit, ao US 5 Longitudinal Bracing J! US 5 Gad anvgie Mie y Hz. Bracing JI gil End Gable JI sy jo +8m gl 4m ja End Cable I) sel gy Vlad! gle bl ge 50 y FSW LiL! 495 ULI ode i y Oo ® ©) © ®© 4200 PLAN Al 7x6000 —— 0004 Z=009 1 X¢ t(9) 92 (gq) saxy NALSAS NIV 000 8 = 008 1 BE PH [ 0004 loszs(H) ® (V) saxy 4ITHVI INI ————000 = 005 b&b} oo08 T I i i i I i i IN i 0008 iy I 1 i i I i I i i i ooss oost oset o-—- Q-- oA g o—-(&) sxy ONIDVAE TWNIGALISNOT T0066 = 000922 (+) % (@) saxy o—_WfHf__————— 00026 =0009%£ ONIIVA TWNIGALIONOT (+) ® (4) saxy ONIDVAE TWILLYTA re 00066 = 0009%L Shab SLbk 0002Example (2) A factory building is to be constructed over a rectangular area (40m x 45m), the main system is made up of steel trusses. Steel columns are provided along perimeter laowJI only, clear height = 6m, the covering material used is galvanized steel sheets. 40m 45m It is required to : Draw a complete general layoutLayout JI eo lbs + Truss Jl ¢93 agi05 -) N-Truss or K-Truss J\ Gyo fas - Truss) depth J) uss -¥ Span (B) 40 = CPO NE = 2 825 2. 4-7 316 2216 7 %° 7 9.33m Take H= 3.30 m Pumin. JN ge JBI Ls Shy, TrussJ) lS Gi dayege) A) ues -1 Pinin, = 125M | H IN Xd Gy ats g Amin, JI pgs Lis od 13, * Take slope 20:1 > h= H-[2+t) t hin. = 1.25m = 3.30-[2+ 50) = 2.90> 1.25m H=3.30 m h=2.30m 69S 6) ad, Ab gis Lig) G95 Yin y panel length (a)JI Glan -& - Number of panels J) Glam 9(H & A)IN gle (a) J) dad Hth 3.30 + 2.30 a= a = = 280m (2) galas (a) U Xa5 5ST take a = 2 Number of panels = oe = 20 Take 20 panels | vrs) ps @ actual = —g9g— = 70m Gactual = 2.0 m > Check tan~?_ _ 2:3 _ age a 2 & tan7? = 3.3 = §8.8° a 2 N-Truss or K-Truss J\ pladiel Gs (Sul! gs Wh »Sys WW yN-Truss or K-Truss J) pladinl (Sey Ulidll ode yi Ge BF Glued yb GS 5 Li Ly ui Sub-divided truss pudins podias range JI gle aS! colS ISU N-Truss or K-Truss J) 423 + ed gd ples Truss IN ey 5982 of sf Sub-divided truss Ji H=3.30 m h=2.30m CH & YN juole (2a) HN Had 49S g! Siady Urpin Ulsi!! Bs Ae 9 | Sub-divided truss Hth 3.30 + 2.30 2a >= —— = >. = 2.80 2 2 eos 40 doh 3s Number of panels = srs 14.29| Take 12 panels |wle hell 40 20 actual = —g- = 3-33 m 20 actual = 3-33m + Qlyoll gle Check Jac wil glins YW (HEH) II gels (2a) JI Xy3 WILE Talo) 53 Y cus pal y longitudinal bracing J) sac sass -0 land ye end gable columns JI 4SuUl 55% of dak » pA Of pay . longitudinal bracing JI 4Sul oy Cliladl 44 Sub-—divided truss acs Truss J\ of cum » (2a) J) oliclkas 55% longitudinal bracing JI =| Use longitudinal bracing every (4a)+ esl las Yl 45 spacings II sac ass -1 Number of spacings = 45 =9O5 ‘p gs = 528.7 45 take 9 spacings => Spacing => =5m Number of spacings =9 & Spacing =5m gil member GLa! WI Zine 6m by St clear height J) gl5 \sl-v . Buckling J) JJsJ vertical bracing JI 45 syeceU sol3 Clear height = 6m => No need for add. member in vertical bracing 25 30m iy »St Horizontal bracing +! 5 Jol oa lad! Col 131-4 + paix: Horizontal bracing 4.2 Distance between Horizontal bracings = 35m => | Add one bracing in the middle tole abyal CUS 4g dale Synge ge yyr0 JS sic longitudinal bracing J pay ary + Gly longitudinal bracing JS oy eB)! G5 versNVTd 00S¢=000S%6- “i Mh a DX x © oS © ® ®) ® 1 SPORTED =) Oy oid N SN @ id (0L91%%)x¢-——_" —_0000%(1) ® (V) saxy IE ATAV) ANd 000r=(0L91Xz) xz (H) 07 (a) saxy WALSAS NIVW 000b=(0L9 122) XE t(H) zy ONIOVEE TWNIGALIINOT e-Sa——————0 00S = 000526 pose (3) ® (€) sexy ONIQVER TWNIGALIONOT 00084 = 00086 ONIQVE TWNIGALIONOT ree-sS—————0 00S = 00056 9% (2) ® (1) sexy ONIDVEE TWOLLUIA =———_—_————000Sr =000S%6 009 gzTRUSS How can we approximately know whether the forces in members are tension or compression ? | calf 13) Ls members J! yacd S05 Of Truss J) Je gga (Sed! ys + dae yf ah Ly Forces JI + Aglemoment II puss 9 84S lS Truss JI ps Yaled -1 Ayo pare syrgall bszlower chordJ\ , upper chord J anwJl -¥ -compressionaile 42) Lal! agagul 9 Tension ile moment J\ moment J\ Tangent oles) yas 4s WL: US 131 diagonals 4nJl -r moment Ji Tangent Se WL glS I3l 4 Tension ale 45% -compression ale (9 + Lad BgH)l ¢55 dpe Lalo Ge we Verticals WU aul -£2 ofaes SWITruss JI gle LiyLull sell) Gul 5 chetoloJ B.M.D for simple beam ere moment J| Tangent ols D; D3 D2 D4 For upper chord |— moment J\ oles! Se 43 — Compression members For lower chord |— moment Jl oles! ya’ = Tension members For diagonals moment > Tension (55, moment JI Tnagent oles) a8 63 Gudgege Gl - D3 3 Dy Su —>Compression ., S; moment JI Tnagentolos| yaSe 5 Gedgrye Gl . Dg 59 Do SoNam dole Abb gote Tnagent oles) gsdiagonalsd| g2 layout JI 4g Truss J) py sie aah a8 py wood! gf cus Tension lake 59% yin moment J 6 LL I) Sey Lara Go +Ve —> Tension force -Ve — Compression forceExample (3) A factory building is to be constructed over a rectangular area (22m x 36m), and a car shed of area (6m x 36m) the main system is made up of steel trusses. Steel columns are provided along solid lines only, clear height = 6m, the covering material used is galvanized steel sheets. It is required to draw to scale 1:100 or 1:200 a complete general layout showing all structural components. (Main trusses, purlins and all bracing systems). 22m Area of factory building or Area of car sheday ab Layout I) psy ol glad Boece gay Vlad! ye span JI + Truss Jl ¢93 agi05 -) 22 mgd be Lf of N-Truss or K-Truss J\ Gyo fas . Truss) depth J) ses -¥ Ha Span (B)_ 22 “12516 ~~ 12916 Take H= 1.80 m = 1.38 1.83m Pumin. JN ge JBI Ls Shy, TrussJ) lS Gi dayege) A) ues -1 Pinin, = 125M | H IN Xd Gy ats g Amin, JI pgs Lis od 13, * Take slope 10:1 > h=H-[2+t) t hin. = 1.25m 22 1 = 1.80 -[-* 7] = 0.70 < 1.25m * Take slope 20:1 > h= H-(5. 5) t hin. = 1.25m = 1.80- [324 = 1.25 < 1.25m H=1.80 m h=1.25m 09S 6) oak Abyss Lig! 695 Ge 4 panel length (a)JI slur -£ - Number of panels J) lun 9(H & h)II gals (a) J) dad ~ Hth _ 1.80 + 1.25 a= Sp = OO = 1.525m 22 1.525 22 % actual = —Gg— = 1:833m actual = 1.833m = Check tan™’ Number of panels = = 14.4 | Take 12 panels |urss ps = 445° N-Truss or K-Truss J] plasial Gs Saal go JULAaLedl 135 F any pal » longitudinal bracing J! sac aso3 -0 laud ye end gable columns J! 4SuUl 55% of bak » ph Oe pay . longitudinal bracing JI ySul 16 < span=22 < 24 >| Use 4 longitudinal bracing add {USI plastid Saal] Go 9 + boldl 459) 4s spacings I\ sac sass -41 36 N b i Se Ca 7.02 248 ‘umber of spacings aw) take 6 spacings => Spacing -<6 =6m Number of spacings =6 & Spacing =6m iil member Ula! Wl cloin 6m gO »STclear height JI gl5 Isl -¥ » BucklingJ\) Juli vertical bracing JI 45 syecel sol3 Clear height = 6m =| No need for add. member in vertical bracing 25> 30m fy »Sl Horizontal bracings>S 4 Jol ga: TLad! coll 13)-A + pax: Horizontal bracing 42 Distance between Horizontal bracings = 24m => | No need for additional bracingNVId ___ Susan, 00098=00092: - qourpnyr Bu ¢ 8 8 8 8 7 =~ LN ~~ --4N--] § $ s ZS ? ~Y. Sugonaq OT. Oo oo | 7D9n4a4 S & 3 8 8 i x 8 s s Burov.1q OO REET LO 0944144A- RT ET AP ip spouoborg

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