Unit 2

Types of estimates - 5hrs

Following are the types of estimate:-
a) Preliminary estimate
b) Plinth area estimate
c) Cube rate estimate
d) Approximate quantity method estimate
e) Detailed or Item rate estimate
f) Revised estimate
g) Supplementary and revised estimate
h) Annual repair and maintenance estimate
g) Complete estimate
a) Preliminary estimate:
It is an approximate estimate required for the estimate of approximate
quantity. It is prepared on the basis of cost of similar work. It is also known as
approximate/abstract estimate. It provide rough idea of cost within short
time. The main purpose of preliminary estimate is to decide the financial
position and policy for administrative approval by the competent
administrative authority.
Following methods are used for preliminary estimate of different structure:-
1. Building-
i. Per unit basis
ii. Cubic content basis
iii. Approximate quantity basis
2. Roads and highway- per km basis based depending on the nature of road,
width and thickness.
3. Irrigation Channel- per km based on capacity of the channel, present
condition and area of land commanded.
4. Bridge and Culvert: per rm of span depending on the nature, roadway,
depth of foundation and present condition.
5. Water supply & Sanitation: per km basis depending upon population
served, area covered and water tank.
B) Plinth area Estimate:
In this method the rough estimate is prepared by taking rate per
unit plinth area of the building recently constructed in the locality is
taken as reference and which is that has to be constructed. The
facilities provided in both building should be more or less similar in
nature.
Plinth area estimate cost = plinth area of building to be constructed
X rate/m2 taken from recently constructed building in the locality.
C) Cube rate Estimate:
Cube rate estimate= Area x building height
It is a preliminary estimate or an approximate estimate & is
prepared on the basis of the cubical contents of the building the
cube rate being deducted from the cost of the similar building
having specifications and construction in the locality. This is
calculation by finding the cubical content of the building (l x b x h)
and multiplied it by the cube rate.
d) Approximate quantity estimate
In this method approximate total length of wall is found in running
meter and this total length multiplied by the rate per running meter
of wall gives a fairly accurate cost. For this method the structure
may be divided into two part viz.
i) Sub- structure (foundation)
ii) Supper structure
The running meter cost for foundation and superstructure should
be calculated first and running meter rate should be multiplied by
the total length of wall.
e) Detailed or Item rate or Accurate estimate:
Accurate estimate which is prepared by calculating quantities of
different items of work from the detailed drawing and costing of
individual item is done latter by analyzing rate considering cost of
material, cost of labors, hired charged of equipment, profit desired
taxis to be paid & other extra over head. It is prepared for inviting
tenders to arrange contractive procedure.
f) Revised estimate:
It is a detailed estimate and is prepared a fresh, when the original
sanctioned detailed estimate exceeds by 5% more or
expenditure exceeds by 10% either due to the rates being
found insufficient or due to some other reasons. It is the most
accurate than other types of estimate.
G) Supplementary and revised estimate:
It is also the detailed estimate which is prepared as a fresh one for
the new item to be constructed in addition to the original sanctioned
estimate, during the progress of the construction.
h) Annual repair & maintenance estimate:
To keep the structure in fit & working condition the repair &
maintenance work have to be carried out. For such provision
detailed estimate is prepared for the maintenance work annually
called annual & maintenance estimate.
g) Complete estimate:
It is the estimate which includes all the expenditure from the vary
begging to end of its completion till hand over. It includes following
expenditure.
i) Cost of preliminary work
( site visiting, surveying, soil test etc.)
ii) Cost of land including acquisition, legal charge, stamp post etc.
iii) Improvement cost of land leveling, dressing, filling , cutting,
clearance, cleaning etc.
iv) Cost of planning, designing, drawing, preparation estimate,
tendering, etc.
v) Cost of construction of structure, including internal facilities,
electrification, water supply & sanitation.
vi) Cost of external services: electricity line, water line, boundary,
road, access.
vii) Cost of supervision charge and other miscellaneous expanses.
viii) Cost of repair & maintenance.
ix) Cost of hand over.
 Area of Building

Plinth area: area bounded by the out wall at plinth level of the building.

Plinth Area= C.A.+ C. A. + W.A.

 Technical terms used in the department
1. Contingencies :(3-5)%
It is the miscellaneous charge for which is not provided in district sub head. Generally
3-5% of estimated cost is provided for miscellaneous item in the estimate called
contingencies.

2. Departmental charge( 10-15)%

When the engineering department takes the works of other department of local
bodies, certain % of estimated cost. Generally 10-15% is charged to meet the
expenses of establishment, planning, designing estimating, supervision etc. called
departmental charge.

3. Work charge establishment (1.5-2)%

This is the establishment charge which is charged to the work directly the % of 1.5-2%
of the estimated cost is provided for this provision. During the construction of
project. Certain number of grads & supervisions are implied on the temporary
basis, their salaries is are paid from this heading.
4. Administrative Approval:
For any project required by the department an approval or sanction of the proposal should be
approval by the competent authority of administrative department with respect to cost & work is
necessary.
Administrative approval is the formal acceptance by the authorities of administrative department is
called administrative approval.
The engineering department prepares rough cost estimate with line diagram plan for the project
required by the department and proposal is submitted with the rough estimate to the concern
authority for approval of the proposal. Without acceptance of the proposal the project can’t be
started.

5. Technical Sanction:
After the acceptance of the proposal the engineering department prepares the detailed
estimate, design, planning and calculations & costing of various items and is taken to
the competence authorizes of the engineering department for sanctioning called
technical sanction. After technical sanction, tendering process is carried out for the
construction of the project by contracting.
 Numerical:
1. Prepare a preliminary estimate of a office building having total
carpet area of 2000 sq.m. for obtaining the administrative
approval of a government using the following data's.
• 40 % of built up area will be taken up by corridors, staircase,
toilet, store etc.
• 10% of built up portion is covered by walls
• The plinth area rate of that locality is Rs. 8000/m2
• Extra architechiral treatment for 7% of building cost
• Extra for w/s & sanitation is 8% respectively
• Service & supervision charge is 5%
• Contingencies 3%
 Numerical:
Solution:
Using plinth area estimate:
Let x be the plinth area of building
We know
Plinth area= carpet area + circulation are + wall area
x= 2000m2 + 40% of x + 10% of x
X= 2000+0.4x + 0.1x
0.5x= 2000
X= 2000/ 0.5 = 4000 m2
Cost of building = 4000 m2 * Rs. 8000/m2
= Rs. 3,20,00,000
architechiral treatment @ 7% of building cost = 0.07 * 3,20,00,000
= Rs. 22,40,000
w/s & sanitation @ 8% = 0.08 * 3,20,00,000
= Rs. 25,60,000
Total = Rs. 3,68,00,000
Supervision & service charge @ 5% of total= 0.05*36800000 = Rs. 18,40,000
Contingencies @ 3% of total = 0.03*36800000 = Rs. 11,04,000
Grand Total= Rs. 39744000
Numerical:
2. Prepare a preliminary estimate of five
story building having carpet area of
each floor 150 m2 & floor height of 3 m,
the area required for circulation is 35 %,
wall area 10%, if the cube rate of
building is 20,000/m3. Assume the
necessary provision for electrification
and water supply sanitation is 20% of
the building cost.
Solution:
Using cube rate estimate:
Given:
5 story building
Let x be the plinth area of building
We know that
Plinth area= carpet area + circulation are + wall area
x= 150m2 + 35% of x + 10% of x
X= 150+0.35x + 0.1x
0.55x= 150
X= 150/ 0.55 = 272.72 m2
Volume of each floor= 272.72 m2 * 3 m
= 818.16 m3
Total volume of 5 story building = 5 * 818.16 = 4090.8 m3
Total cost of plinth area = 4090.8 * 20,000
= Rs. 81816000
Electrical & sanitation cost= Rs. 81816000 * 0.2 =Rs. 16363200
Total cost of the building = Rs. (81816000 + 16363200)
= Rs. 98179200
Thank You