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Calculate average molar mass
Calculate average molar mass
Calculate average molar mass
A gaseous mixture contains 40% H2 and 60% He by volume.
What is the total number of moles of gases present in 10g of
such mixture?
A 5
B 2.5
C 3.33
D 3.125
A gaseous mixture contains 40% H2 and 60% He by
volume. What is the total number of moles of gases
present in 10g of such mixture?
A 5
B 2.5
C 3.33
D 3.125
Solution:
What is the number of iron atoms present in a piece of iron
weighing 2.8g? (Atomic mass of Fe = 56 u)
A 3.011 x 1024
B 5.011 x1023
C 6.011 x1022
D 3.011 x1022
What is the number of iron atoms present in a piece of iron
weighing 2.8g? (Atomic mass of Fe = 56 u)
A 3.011 x 1024
B 5.011 x1023
C 6.011 x1022
D 3.011 x1022
Solution:
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Limiting and Excess reagent
Three Only
❏ Despite there being 4 buns, 6 slices of cheese, and 5 patties,
we can only make 3 burgers because there are only 3 lettuce
leafs.
❏ Hence lettuce leaf here known as limiting reagent and all
other ingredients left over are known as excess reagent.
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting Reagent (LR)
The reactant that gets exhausted first and limits or stops the
reaction is called as limiting reagent
Excess Reagent (ER)
The reactant that is left at the end of the
reaction is called as excess reagent
SIRF Method and k Ratio
S = Stoichiometric Coefficient
Given Moles I = Initial Amount
k =
Stoichiometric Coefficient R = Reacted Amount
F = Final Amount
Reactant for which k is minimum is the LR
Moles Reacted = kmin × Stoich Coeff
How to find Limiting Reagent
2A + 3B ⟶ 4C + 5D
Initial moles 10 30 0 0
Determining the value of k for A and B
A B
k 10/2 30/3
5 10
LR
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
Limiting and Excess reagent
1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g O2 in a closed vessel. Which
reactant is left in excess and how much? (At. wt. Mg = 24, O = 16)
A Mg, 0.16g
B O2, 0.16g
C Mg, 0.44 g
D O2, 0.28 g
1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g O2 in a closed vessel. Which
reactant is left in excess and how much? (At. wt. Mg = 24, O = 16)
A Mg, 0.16g
B O2, 0.16g
C Mg, 0.44 g
D O2, 0.28 g
Solution : 2Mg + O2⟶ 2MgO
2×24g 32g
= 48
1 gm of Mg needs = = 0.67g which is not present.
0.56g of O2 will react with Mg
Thus, Mg is left in excess and amount left
= 1 - 0.84g = 0.16g
How many moles of lead (II) chloride will be formed from a
reaction between 6.5 g of PbO and 3.2 g of HCl
A 0.044
B 0.333
C 0.011
D 0.029
How many moles of lead (II) chloride will be formed from a
reaction between 6.5 g of PbO and 3.2 g of HCl
A 0.044
B 0.333
C 0.011
D 0.029
Solution :
PbO +2HCl ⟶ PbCl2 + H2O
Molar mass of PbO = 207 + 16 = 223 g mol-1
∴ 6.5 g PbO = (6.5/223)mole = 0.029 mole
Molar mass of HCl = 36.5g mol-1
∴ 3.2g HCl = (3.2/36.5) mole = 0.0877 mole
1 mole of PbO reacts with 2 moles of HCl
Thus, PbO is the limiting reactant.
1 mole of PbO produces 1 mole of PbCl2
∴ 0.029 mole of PbO will produce PbCl2 = 0.029 mole.
1 gram of a carbonate (M2CO3) on treatment with excess
HCl produces 0.01186 mole of CO2. The molar mass of
M2CO3 in g mol-1 is
A 118.6
B 11.86
C 1186
D 84.3
1 gram of a carbonate (M2CO3) on treatment with excess
HCl produces 0.01186 mole of CO2. The molar mass of
M2CO3 in g mol-1 is
A 118.6
B 11.86
C 1186
D 84.3
Solution :
M2CO3 + 2HCl ⟶ 2MCl + H2O + CO2
1 mole 1 mole
Given that 0.1186 mole of CO2 is produced from M2CO3
= 1 gm
∴ 1 mole of CO2 will be produced from M2CO3
But 1 mole of CO2 is produced from 1 mole of M2CO3
∴ Molar mass of M2CO3 = 84.3 g mol-1
Mass Mass
Particles Moles Particles
Volume at STP Volume at STP
One Way
Stoichiometry
It is the study of chemical reaction and calculations related to it.
Stoichiometry ⟶ Stoicheion + metron
Element Measured
Particular 2 SO2 + 1 O2 ⟶ 2 SO3
Molecules 2 molecules 1 molecules 2 molecules
Atoms 2 S atom 2 S atoms
2 O atom
4 O atom 6 O atoms
Mass (AMU) 2×64 u = 128 u 1×32 u = 32 u 2×80 u = 160 u
Mol Molecules 2 mol molecules 1 mol molecules 2 mol molecules
Mol Atoms 2 mol S atoms 2 mol O atoms 2 mol S atoms
4 mol O atoms 6 mol O atoms
Mass (Grams) 2×64g = 128g 1×32g = 32g 2×80g = 160g
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Stoichiometry
The general method of calculation for stoichiometric problems:
❏ Write down the balanced chemical equation.
❏ Write the relative number of moles or the relative masses(gram atomic or
molecular masses) of the reactants and the products below the formulae.
❏ Now apply the unitary method to make the required calculations.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
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Stoichiometry
Calculate the mass of KClO3 necessary to produce 1.23 g O2.
Solution:
When a certain amount of octane, C8H18, is burnt completely,
7.04 g CO2 is formed. What is the mass of H2O formed
simultaneously?
A 1.62 g
B 6.48 g
C 3.24 g
D 2.28 g
When a certain amount of octane, C8H18, is burnt completely,
7.04 g CO2 is formed. What is the mass of H2O formed
simultaneously?
A 1.62 g
B 6.48 g
C 3.24 g
D 2.28 g
Solution:
The minimum mass of sulphuric acid needed for dissolving 3 g of
magnesium carbonate is
A 3.5 g
B 7.0 g
C 1.7 g
D 17.0 g
The minimum mass of sulphuric acid needed for dissolving 3 g of
magnesium carbonate is
A 3.5 g
B 7.0 g
C 1.7 g
D 17.0 g
Solution:
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
According to this principle as the number of atoms remain conserved during a chemical
reaction the moles of atoms also remain conserved.
KClO3(s) ⟶KCl(s) +O2(g)
Applying POAC for K atoms
Moles of K atoms in KClO3 = Moles of K atoms in KCl
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
👉POAC is always applied on atom.
👉While applying POAC we do not consider stoichiometric coefficients.
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Principle of atomic conservation (POAC)
Solution:
Solution:
All carbon atoms present in KH3(C2O4)2.2H2O weighing 254
gm is converted to CO2. How many gram of CO2 were
obtained?
Solution:
Apply P.O.A.C. on carbon atom
4× mole of KH3(C2O4)2.2H2O = 1× mole of CO2
∴Mass of CO2 = 4 x 44 = 176 gram
A mixture of KBr, NaBr weighing 0.56 gm was treated with
aqueous solution of Ag+ and the bromide ion was recovered as
0.97 gm of pure AgBr. What was the weight of KBr in the sample
Solution:
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