Ex.
No: 1
Date :02/02/2021
GENERATION OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS
AIM:
To generate a discrete time signal sequence (Unit step,
Unit ramp, Sine, Cosine, Exponential, Unit impulse) using
MATLAB function.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
HARDWARE : Personal
Computer SOFTWARE:
MATLAB
PROCEDURE:
1. Start the MATLAB program.
2. Open new M-file
3. Type the program
4. Save in current directory
5. Compile and Run the program
6. If any error occurs in the program correct the error and run it again
7. For the output see command window\ Figure window
8. Stop the program.
PROGRAMS: (GENERATION OF BASIC SIGNALS)
%Program for generation of unit
impulse signal
n =-6:1:6;
impulse=[zeros(1,6),ones(1,1),zeros(1,
6)];
subplot(5,2,1);
stem(n,impulse);
title('Impulse Signal');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
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%Program for generation of unit step signal
n =-6:1:6;
step=[zeros(1,6),ones(1,7)];
subplot(5,2,2);
stem(n,step);
title('Unit Step Signal');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
%Program for generation of unit ramp signal
n =-6:1:6;
step=[zeros(1,6),ones(1,7)];
ramp= n.*step;
subplot(5,2,3);
stem(n,ramp);
title('Ramp Signal');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
%Program for generation of discrete exponential signal:
1) A=2
a=2;
n2=10;
n=0:n2;
exponential1=a.^n;
subplot(5,2,4);
stem(n,exponential1);
title('exponential Signal (a=2)');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
2) A=-2
a=-2;
n2=10;
n=0:n2;
exponential2=a.^n;
subplot(5,2,5);
stem(n,exponential2);
title('exponential Signal (a=-2)');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
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3) A=0.5
a=0.5;
n2=10;
n=0:n2;
exponential3=a.^n;
subplot(5,2,6);
stem(n,exponential3);
title('exponential Signal (a=0.5)');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
4) A=-0.5
a=-0.5;
n2=10;
n=0:n2;
exponential4=a.^n;
subplot(5,2,7);
stem(n,exponential4);
title('exponential Signal (a=-0.5)');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
5) A=1
a=1;
n2=10;
n=0:n2;
exponential5=a.^n;
subplot(5,2,8);
stem(n,exponential5);
title('exponential Signal (a=1)');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
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%Program for generation of sine
wave
n = [0:0.1:2*pi]
a = sin(n);
subplot(5,2,9);
stem(n,a)
title('Sine Wave Signal');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
%Program for generation of cosine
wave
n=0:0.01:pi;
a=cos(2*pi*n);
subplot(5,2,10);
stem(n,a);
title('Cosine Wave Signal');
xlabel('Time Period');
ylabel('Amplitude');
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OUTPUT: (DISCRETE SIGNALS)
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RESULT:
Thus the MATLAB programs for discrete time signal sequence (Unit
step, Unit ramp, Sine, Cosine, Exponential, Unit impulse) using
MATLAB function written and the results were plotted.
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Experiment 2 (Different mathematical operations on Discrete Time Signal)
EXP2A 1)
1 clc;
2 n=-5:1:5;
3 y=1.*(n>=0);
4 subplot(3,3,1);
5 stem(n,y);
6 xlabel('n');
7 ylabel('x(n)');
8 title('unit step');
10 %Amplification when A=2
11 y1=2.*(n>=0);
12 subplot(3,3,2);
13 stem(n,y1);
14 xlabel('n');
15 ylabel('2x(n)');
16 title('Amplification a=2');
17
18 %Amplification when A=-2
19 y1=-2.*(n>=0);
20 subplot(3,3,3);
21 stem(n,y1);
22 xlabel('n');
23 ylabel('2x(n)');
24 title('Negative Amplification a=-2');
25
26 %Amplification when A=0.5
27 y1=0.5.*(n>=0);
28 subplot(3,3,4);
29 stem(n,y1);
30 xlabel('n');
31 ylabel('2x(n)');
32 title('Amplification a=0.5');
33
34 %Amplification when A=-0.5
35 y1=-0.5.*(n>=0);
36 subplot(3,3,5);
37 stem(n,y1);
38 xlabel('n');
39 ylabel('2x(n)');
40 title('Negative Amplification a=-0.5');
41
42 %Time Delay
43 n1=n+2;
44 subplot(3,3,6);
45 stem(n1,y);
46 title('delay');
47 xlabel('n');
48 ylabel('X(n+2)');
49
50 %Time Advanced
51 n1=n-2;
52 subplot(3,3,7);
53 stem(n1,y);
54 title('Advanced');
55 xlabel('n');
56 ylabel('X(n-2)');
57
Printed for: [email protected]
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EXP2A 2)
1 clc;
2 n=-5:1:5;
3 y=1.*(n>=0);
4 subplot(3,3,1);
5 stem(n,y);
6 xlabel('n');
7 ylabel('x(n)');
8 title('unit step');
10
11 x= [2 3 4 5];
58 y=upsample(x,3);
59 subplot(2,2,1);
60 stem(x);
61 title('Upsampling');
62
63 subplot(2,2,2);
64 stem(y);
65 c=downsample(y,3);
66 subplot(2,2,3);
67 stem(c);
68 title('Downsampling');
EXP 2B
1 clc;
2 n=-5:1:5;
3 y=1.*(n>=0);
4 subplot(3,3,1);
5 stem(n,y);
6 xlabel('n');
7 ylabel('x(n)');
8 title('unit step');
10 %Time reversal
69 n2=(-n);
70 subplot(3,3,4);
71 stem(n2,y);
72 title('Time Reversal');
73 xlabel('n');
74 ylabel('X(-n)');
17
18 clc;
19 clear all;
20 close all;
21
22 %two input sequence
23 x=input('enter input sequence')
24 subplot(2,2,1);
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25 stem(x);
26 xlabel('n');
27 ylabel('x(n)');
28 title('Input sequence 1');
29
30 y=input('enter input sequence')
31 subplot(2,2,2);
32 stem(y);
33 xlabel('n');
34 ylabel('y(n)');
35 title('Input sequence 2');
36
37 z=conv(x,y);
38 disp('The values of z are= ');
39 disp(z);
40 subplot(2,2,3);
41 stem(z);
42 xlabel('n');
43 ylabel('z(n)');
44 title('Convolution of Input sequence ');
45
46 z=xcorr(x,y);
47 disp('The values of z are= ');
48 disp(z);
49 subplot(2,2,4);
50 stem(z);
51 xlabel('n');
52 ylabel('z(n)');
53 title('Correlation of Input sequence ');
54
55
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EXP 2A
Time Reversal
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Upscaling and down scaling
EXP 2B
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EXPERIMENT 3 & 4 Z Transform and its properties
Code 1:- Z trasnsform OUTPUT
Code 2:- Z transform (having different function and ranges)
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Code 3:- Inverse Z transform using Long Division Method
Code4:- Poles and zeros
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Experiment-5
Aim:- Draw a structure of given FIR system using linear phase realization.
Given Impulse Response:-
H(n)= ⸹(n)+1/2(⸹(n-1))-1/4(⸹(n-2))+(⸹(n-4))+ 1/2(⸹(n-3))
FIR realization:-
Y(n)=[x(n) + x(n-4)] + 1/2[x(n-1) + x(n-3)] - 1/4[x(n-2)]
Structure:-
Output Waveform:-
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