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Experiment No: 03

The document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the Rockwell hardness numbers of various metal specimens using a Rockwell hardness tester. Specimens of hardened steel, brass, copper, and aluminum were tested using different indenters and loads according to Rockwell hardness testing standards. The hardness numbers obtained were 41 HRC for hardened steel, 30.36 HRB for brass, 17.67 HRF for copper, and 19.8 HRH for aluminum.

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107 views

Experiment No: 03

The document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the Rockwell hardness numbers of various metal specimens using a Rockwell hardness tester. Specimens of hardened steel, brass, copper, and aluminum were tested using different indenters and loads according to Rockwell hardness testing standards. The hardness numbers obtained were 41 HRC for hardened steel, 30.36 HRB for brass, 17.67 HRF for copper, and 19.8 HRH for aluminum.

Uploaded by

md.Aktaruzzaman aktar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No: 03

Experiment Name: Rockwell Hardness Test of Different Materials.

Objectives:
 To learn about the Rockwell hardness test.
 To determine the Rockwell hardness number of various metal
specimens.

Theory:

Hardness is the ability of a material to resist deformation when compressive


force is applied. The hardness of a material is the property that enables it to
resist deformation, bending, scratching, abrasion, or cutting which is
determined by a standard test where the surface resistance to indentation is
measured. The most commonly used hardness tests are defined by the shape
or type of indent, the size, and the amount of load applied.
.

Rockwell Hardness Test

The hardness of a material by Rockwell hardness test method is measured by


the depth of penetration of the indenter. The depth of penetration is inversely
proportional to the hardness. Both ball or diamond cone types of indenters are
used in this test.

Sometimes there is a direct connection between the hardness & few other
mechanical properties of material. So, by knowing the hardness number we
can find out the tensile strength of the specimen. To illustrate let us consider
the following two figures.
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In the both figure above the ball having a diameter of 'd' in the indenter, which
is pressed against a piece of metal. Now for the same load P, the indentations
(permanent deformations) will be different for the soft & hard materials. It is
obvious that for the above two cases h1 > h2 i.e., mat-2 is harder than mat1. It
is also important that the time lengths during which load P is applied. This
must be the same in both cases. Hence, indentation depends upon load (P),
indenter diameter (d), time during which load in applied (t) and the hardness
of the material (H). P, d & t are kept constant, then it is a function of hardness
only. Based on this principle, some standard hardness numbers in invented.
The most common instruments used are the Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers and
Scleorscope. Increasing hardness numbers indicate increasing hardness. For
particular scale there is a particular indenter.

Required Apparatus:

1. Metal: Harden Steel, Brass, Copper, Aluminum.


2. Indenter: Diamond Core, 1/8 or 1/16 inch ball.
3. Rockwell Hardness Tester Machine
4. Dial Gauge
5. Bench
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Working Procedure:

1. At first we will take a diamond cone 1/16 inch ball indenter and four types of
metal harden steel, Cu, Br, Al.

2. The Rockwell hardness tester used in the experiment had minor load set 10
kg.

3. Before any specimen was put to the test, its major load was set in the tester
according to the scale.

4. Then the indenter was fit in the tester according to the metal.

5. Then the specimen was put on the anvil and it has elevated using the
elevation screw.

6. There was an indicator in the tester which indicated how much elevation is
necessary before the major load was applied.

7. After that the previously set major load being applied. The indicator was set
to zero.

8. After that the major load was removed, the hardness number indicator
again moved and we noted the hardness number.

9. This above procedure was done 3 times for rest of the 3 specimens.
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Data Table:

Major Minor Hardness Ave. Hardness


Metal Head
Load (kg) Load (kg) Number Number
Harden 150 10 Diamond 41 41 HRC
Steel cone 40
42
Brass 100 10 1/16 inch ball 30 30.36 HRB
30.5
30.6
Copper 60 10 1/16 inch ball 17.9 17.67 HRF
17.4
17.7
Aluminu 60 10 1/8 inch or 19.6 19.8 HRH
m 1/16 inch ball 19.6
20.2

Results:

Hardness number of Harden steel = 41

Hardness number of Brass = 30.36

Hardness number of Copper = 17.67

Hardness number of Aluminum = 19.8

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