AP GOYAL SHIMLA UNIVERSITY
SHIMLA
“SIGNAL & SYSTEM LAB”
Submitted by, Submitted to,
Deepesh Chhetri Ms. Anupama Jamwal
B-Tech EE Assistant Professor
18001384 EE Department
7 Semester
EXPERIMENT NO:- 1
AIM: - To study properties and application of Laplace transform
APPARATUS: - E-Tap Software.
THEORY: -
Introduction: -
The Laplace Transform is a widely used integral transform in mathematics with
many applications in science and engineering. The Laplace Transform can be
interpreted as a transformation from time domain where inputs and outputs are
functions of time to the frequency domain where inputs and outputs are functions
of complex angular frequency. Laplace Transform methods have a key role to
play in the modern approach to the analysis and design of engineering system.
The concepts of Laplace Transforms are applied in the area of science and
technology such as Electric circuit analysis, Communication engineering, Control
engineering and Nuclear physics etc.
The definition and some useful properties of Laplace Transform which we have
to use further for solving problems related to Laplace Transform in different
engineering fields.
To understand the Laplace transform formula: First Let f(t) be the function of t,
time for all t ≥ 0
Then the Laplace transform of f(t), F(s) can be defined as
Provided that the integral exists. Where the Laplace Operator, s = σ + jω; will be
real or complex j = √(-1)
Properties of Laplace Transform:
1.Linearity Property
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
& y(t)⟷L.TY(s)y(t)⟷L.TY(s)
ax(t)+by(t)⟷L.TaX(s)+bY(s)ax(t)+by(t)⟷L.TaX(s)+bY(s)
2.Time Shifting Property
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
Then time shifting property states that
x(t−t0)⟷L.Te−st0X(s)x(t−t0)⟷L.Te−st0X(s)
3.Frequency Shifting Property
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
Then frequency shifting property states that
es0t.x(t)⟷L.TX(s−s0)es0t.x(t)⟷L.TX(s−s0)
4.Time Reversal Property
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
Then time reversal property states that
x(−t)⟷L.TX(−s)x(−t)⟷L.TX(−s)
5.Time Scaling Property
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
Then time scaling property states that
x(at)⟷L.T1|a|X(sa)x(at)⟷L.T1|a|X(sa)
6.Differentiation and Integration Properties
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
Then differentiation property states that
dx(t)dt⟷L.Ts.X(s)−s.X(0)dx(t)dt⟷L.Ts.X(s)−s.X(0)
dnx(t)dtn⟷L.T(s)n.X(s)dnx(t)dtn⟷L.T(s)n.X(s)
The integration property states that
∫x(t)dt⟷L.T1sX(s)∫x(t)dt⟷L.T1sX(s)
∭...∫x(t)dt⟷L.T1snX(s)∭...∫x(t)dt⟷L.T1snX(s)
7.Multiplication and Convolution Properties
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
and y(t)⟷L.TY(s)y(t)⟷L.TY(s)
Then multiplication property states that
x(t).y(t)⟷L.T12πjX(s)∗Y(s)x(t).y(t)⟷L.T12πjX(s)∗Y(s)
The convolution property states that
x(t)∗y(t)⟷L.TX(s).Y(s)
If x(t)⟷L.TX(s)x(t)⟷L.TX(s)
Then time scaling property states that
x(at)⟷L.T1|a|X(sa)x(at)⟷L.T1|a|X(sa)
Applicationsof LaplaceTransform
The applications of Laplace Transform in the area of science and engineering.
The Laplace Transform is widely used in following science and engineering
field.
1. Analysis of electronic circuits:
Laplace Transform is widely used by electronic engineers to solve quickly
differential equations occurring in the analysis of electronic circuits.
2. Digital signal processing:
One can not imagine solving digital signal processing problems without
employing Laplace Transform.
3. Nuclear Physics:
In order to get the true form of radioactive decay a Laplace Transform is
used. It makes easy to study analytic part of Nuclear physics possible.
4. Process Control:
Laplace Transform is used for process controls. It helps to analyze the
variables which when altered, produce desired manipulations in the result.
Some of the examples in science and engineering fields in which Laplace
Transforms are used to solve the differential equations occurred in this
fields.The following examples highlights the importance of Laplace
Transform in different engineering fields.
5. System modeling:
Laplace Transform is used to simplify calculations in system modeling,
where large number of differential equations are used.
