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Cloud Publications
International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS
2017, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 2178-2191
ISSN 2320 – 0243, Crossref: 10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.265
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Research Article Open Access

Morphometric Evaluation and Sub Basin Analysis in Hanur

Watershed, Kollegal Taluk, Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka,
India, using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Siddaraju, K., Nagaraju, D., Bhanuprakash, H.M., Shivaswamy, H.M., Balasubramanian, A.

Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India

Publication Date: 30 May 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.265

Copyright © 2017 Siddaraju, K., Nagaraju, D., Bhanuprakash, H.M., Shivaswamy, H.M., Balasubramanian, A. This
is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract The study area covers 1026 sq km comprising of 15 sub-watersheds, namely Saggiyam (SB-
1), Mudoldoddi (SB-2), Halgapuram (SB-3), Deverabetta (SB-4), Mattugaudanadoddi (SB-5), Handgalli
(SB-6), Manchepura (SB-7), Lokkanahalli (SB-8), Chinchalli (SB-9), Prakash palya (SB-10), Naripura
(SB-11), Adugulpodu (SB-12), Ramayanadoddi (SB-13), Jodukara hatti (SB-14), Depudisahibradoddi
(SB-15) which range in area from 16.87 to 180.02 sq km. Different morphometric parameters were
evaluated to understand the drainage characteristics. The drainage pattern of these sub basins have
been delineated using Geocoded FCC bands 2, 3 and 4, of IRS 1C and 1D (LISS 111+ PAN merged)
on 1:50,000 scale and Survey of India Toposheets as reference. The morphometric parameters are
computed using Arc Info and Arc View GIS software’s. The drainage pattern of the study has shown
dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern with stream orders ranging from 4th to 5th order. The
Drainage density ranges from 1.51 to 4.83 km/km2 suggesting coarse to moderate drainage texture.
The change in values of stream length ratio indicates their late youth stage of geomorphic
development. The values of bifurcation ratio are ranging from 0.11 to 20.75 indicating that the study
area is having strong structural control over the drainage pattern and all the sub basins fall under
normal basin category. The values of form factor and circulatory ratio, suggest that the sub basins are
elongated to circular in shape. Geographic Information System, when used with satellite images, could
help in determining the morphometric parameters of watershed and river basins. It is concluded that
remote sensing ground and GIS have been proved to be efficient tools in drainage delineation and
updation.
Keywords Morphometry; Dendritic; Drainage; Texture; Circularity Ratio; Elongation Ratio

1. Introduction

Watershed is a basic hydrological unit; it helps in determining the runoff of the unit from the amount of
total precipitation. Precipitation is a dynamic variable. It varies from one place to other and from time to
time. Watershed management is necessary for low flow regions. Geoinformatics based morphometric
calculation is a new technique used for watershed management. Geoinformatics is the combination of
Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and Global Positioning System (Bera, K. &
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Bandyopadhyay, J., 2011). Morphometric analysis of watershed provides a quantitative description of

the drainage system (Rao et al., 2010). The morphometric parameters are classified into three
categories i.e. Linear, Relief and Arial morphometric parameters. Morphometric parameters have
greater hydrological significances. More recent attempts on morphometric analysis using remote
sensing techniques have been made by Rao et al., 2010; Kumar et al., 2010; Rekha et al., 2011; Pal.
B. et al., 2012; Mishra et al., 2010, and Arun et al., 2005. The present study aims at the morphometric
analysis on sub-basin level using remote sensing and GIS.

1.1. Study Area

The study area is spread over 1026 km2. It comprises of fifteen sub-basins. This area is located
between 770 51 to 770 301 East longitude and 110 451 to 120 151 North latitude. It is covered by 115
villages (Figure 1). The area is accessible by good road network. The morphometry based on remote
sensing and GIS techniques can help in analyzing the hydrogeomorphic conditions of a basin (King,
1872; Foote, 1876; Rao et al., 1975; Mathur, 1977; Kale et al., 1990 and Malur and Nagedra, 1994).
The study area enjoys a warm summer and dry winter. It is a semi-arid region with dry climate followed
by very less humidity and scanty annual rainfall which is not exceeding 699 mm. Therefore, this area is
considered to be one of the drought-prone zones of Chamarajanagar district, in Karnataka state.

Figure 1: Location Map of the Study Area

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1.2. Geology of the Area

This area falls into the Western Block of Proterozoic basins of Southern Karnataka. It comes under the
semi-arid condition with weathered and fractured Charnockites, Hornblende/Amphibolite schist form
the main aquifer in Hanur watershed. The weathered and fractured Charnockites, hornblende
/Amphibolite schist gneisses occupying the total area and has limited recharge facilities. This area is a
typical hard rock terrain.

2. Methodology

The drainage map (Figure 2) of the study area has been prepared from digital data of IRS 1C and ID
of both LISS111 and PAN data of 2001. These satellite imageries had been geo-referenced and
merged using image processing software ERADAS IMAGINE V.9.2 and the thus merged data were
used in the present study. The drainage systems have been delineated using merged satellite data of
geo-coded FCC of bands 2, 3, 4 on 1:50,000 scale and survey of India toposheets no- 57 H/4, 57H/7,
57H/8, 58E/1 and 58E/5 as reference. The morphometric parameters were computed using the
formulae of different worker’s presented in Table 1. For digitization; computation and output
generation, the GIS software like Arc GIS V 9.2 was used.

Figure 2: Drainage Map of Study Area

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3. Basin Delineation

In the present study, the basin has been sub divided into 15 sub basins, which are named based on
the important places at the outlet. They are namely Saggiyam (SB-1), Mudoldoddi (SB-2), Halgapuram
(SB-3), Deverabetta (SB-4), Mattugaudanadoddi (SB-5), Handgalli (SB-6), Manchepura (SB-7),
Lokkanahalli (SB-8), Chinchalli (SB-9), Prakash palya (SB-10), Naripura (SB-11), Adugulpodu (SB-12),
Ramayanadoddi (SB-13), Jodukara hatti (SB-14), Depudisahibradoddi (SB-15) which range in area
from 1026 sq km.

Table 1: Methodology Adopted for Computations of Morphometric Parameters

Sl. No. Morphometric Parameters Formula Reference

1 Stream order Hierarchical rank Strahler 1964)
2 Stream Length(Lu) Length of the stream Horton 1945)
Lsm=Lu/Nu, where, Lsm= mean stream Length
3 Mean stream Length (Lsm) Lu=total stream length of order 'U' Strahler (1964)
Nu= Total no of stream segments of order 'u'

Rl=Lu/lu-1, where, RL= stream length Ratio

Lu= the Total no stream length of order 'u'

4 Stream Length Ratio Horton (1945)

Lu-1= the total stream length of its next lower
order

Rb=Nu/Nu+1, where, Rb=Bifurcation Ratio

Nu= Total no of stream segments of order 'u'

5 Bifurcation Ratio (Rb) Schumn (1956)

Nu+1= Number of segments of the next higher
order

Mean bifurcation ration

6 Rbm= Average of bifurcation ratios of all orders Strahler (1964)

((Rbm)
Rh=H/Lb, where, Rh=Relief Ratio
7 Relief Ratio (Rh) H= Total relief (Relative relief) of the basin in Schumn (1956)
kilometers, Lb=Basin Length

D=Lu/A, where, D=drainage Density

8 Drainage Density (D) Lu= total stream length of all orders Horton (1945)
A= Area of the Basin (Km)

Fs=Nu/A, where, Fs=stream Frequency

9 Stream Frequency (Fs) Nu=total no. of stream of all orders Horton (1945)
A= Area of the Basin (Km)

Rt=Nu/p, where, Rt=Drainage texture

10 Drainage texture ( Rt) Nu=total no. of stream of all orders, p=perimeter Horton (1945)
(Km)

Rf=A/Lb2, where, Rf=from Factor

11 Form factor (Rt) A= Area of the Basin (Km),Lb2=square of basin Horton (1945)
length

Rc=4* pa/p2,
12 Circularity Ratio (Rc) RC=circularity ratio Miller (1953)
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p!=p! value 3.14, A= Area of the Basin (Km),

p=square of the perimeter(km)

Re=2v (A/P!)/lb
Elongation ratio (Re) where, Re= elongation Ratio, A= Area of the
13 Basin (Km), p!=p! value 3.14, Lb= Basin Length Schumn (1956)

lg=1/D*2, where, Lg=Length of overland flow

14 Length of overland flow Horton (1945)

D=Drainage Density

4. Morphometry

According to Clarke (1966), morphometry is the measurement and mathematical analysis of the
configuration of the earth surface, shape and dimensions of the landforms. The morphometric analysis
is carried out through measurement of linear, areal and relief aspects of the basin and slope
contribution (Nag and Chakraborty, 2003). The measurement of various morphometric parameters
namely- stream order, stream length (Lu), mean stream length (Lsm), stream length ratio (RL)
bifurcation ratio (Rb), mean bifurcation ratio (Rbm), relief ratio (Rh), drainage density (D), stream
circulatory ratio (Rc), elongated ratio (Re), length of overland flow (Lg) has been carried out and the
data are presented in Table 2. In the present study, the satellite remote sensing data has been used
for updation of drainages and the updated drainages have been used for morphometric analysis.

4.1. Linear Aspects

The linear morphometric parameters include the stream order, stream length, mean stream length,
stream length ratio and bifurcation ratio, which were determined and results have been presented in
Table 2.

4.2. Stream Order

The designated stream order is the first step in the drainage basin analysis. In the present study,
ranking of stream has been carried out based on the method proposed by Strahler (1964). The order
wise stream numbers, area and stream length of the 15 sub basins are presented in Table 2. Out of
these sub basins Halgapuram, Deverabetta, Mattugaudanadoddi, Handgalli, Lokkanahalli, Chinchalli,
Naripura and Jodukarahatti are found to be of 5th order, in Table 2. It is noticed that the maximum
frequency is in case of first order stream. It is also observed that there is a decrease in stream
frequency as the stream order increases.

4.3. Stream Length

Stream lengths have been measured from the highest elevation of drainage divide to the mouth of the
river with the help of GIS software. This has been computed based on the law proposed by Horton
(1945) for all the sub-basins of the study area. Usually, the total number and length of stream segment
will be maximum in first order streams this may decreases as the stream order increases. The
Lokkanahalli, Jodukarahatti, Naripura and Handgalli sub basins show variation from general
observation (Table 2). This may be due to flowing of streams from high altitude, change in rock type
and moderately steep slopes and probable uplift across the basin (Singh and Singh, 1997; Vittala et
al., 2004; Chopra et al., 2005).

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4.4. Mean Stream Length

Mean stream length (Lsm) is a characteristic property related to the drainage network components and
it associated basin surfaces (Strahler, A.N., 1964). This has been calculated by dividing the total
stream length of an order (u) by the number of streams of segments in that order. The mean stream
length values of sub basins are presented in Table 2. It is seen that, Lsm values exhibit much variation
from 0.03 to 7.55. It is observed that Lsm values of Manchepura and Halgapuram sub basins indicate
that Lsm of the given order is greater than that of the lower order and less than that of its next order.

4.5. Stream Length Ratio

Stream length ratio (RL) is the ratio of the mean length of one order to the next lower order of the
stream segments. The RL values of the sub basins are presented in Table 2. The stream length ratio
between the streams of different orders of the study area has shown some variation. This variation
might be attributed to the variation in slope and topography, indicating the late youth stage of
geomorphic development in the streams of the study area (Singh and Singh, 1997; Vittala et al., 2004).

4.6. Bifurcation Ratio

According to Schumn (1956), the term bifurcation ratio (Rb) may be defined as the ratio of the number
of the stream segments of given order to the number of segments of the next higher order. Bifurcation
ratio shows a small range of variation for different regions or for different environments except where
the powerful geological control dominates (Strahler, 1975). The Rb values of study area are shown in
Table 2. It is seen that the Rb values are not uniform from one order to next order. These differences
are depending upon the geological and lithological development of the drainage basin (Strahler, 1964).
In the study area, the higher values of Rb indicate a strong structural control in the drainage pattern
whereas the lower values indicate that the sub-basins are less affected by structural disturbances
(Strahler, A.N., 1964; Nag, 1998; Vittala et al., 2004; Chopra et al., 2005). The Rb values in the sub
basins of the study area range from 0.11 to 20.75 indicating that all the sub-basins are falling under
regular basin category.

Table 2: Different Parameters Morphometric Analysis of Hanur Watershed, Kollegal Taluk, Chamarajanagar District

Stream
Orders Stream length (KM)
Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total
no Total
Sl. Stream of no of no of no of no of length length length length
Sub Basin ΣNu length in ΣLu
no order 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th in 1st in 2nd in 3rd in 4th
5th order
order order order order order order order order order
1 Saggiyam IV 52 23 10 15 0 100 27.39 11.21 8.90 6.90 0.00 54.40
2 Mudoldoddi IV 40 18 7 12 0 77 22.50 10.22 8.51 3.90 0.00 45.13
3 Halgapuram V 84 40 13 19 1 157 42.85 22.20 5.39 10.13 7.55 88.12
4 Deverabetta V 85 44 17 1 1 148 39.15 25.21 10.71 0.32 8.50 83.89
5 Mattugaudanadoddi V 95 41 24 5 1 166 41.38 19.12 12.20 2.39 4.51 79.61
6 Handgalli V 210 96 47 37 2 392 100.69 47.15 23.35 15.33 8.69 195.21
7 Manchepura IV 92 44 4 36 0 176 42.70 21.73 14.45 1.42 0.00 80.31
8 Lokkanahalli V 427 169 106 83 4 789 194.88 71.96 46.14 34.15 20.80 367.93
9 Chinchalli V 131 47 37 22 1 238 55.47 22.34 15.22 7.14 4.10 104.27

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10 Prakash palya III 37 20 9 0 0 66 16.47 7.87 2.26 0.00 0.00 26.60

11 Naripura V 246 103 58 54 3 464 143.31 47.52 30.30 21.58 6.09 248.80
12 Adugulpodu IV 254 113 49 36 0 452 91.82 34.43 12.94 12.83 0.00 152.02
13 Ramayanadoddi IV 165 76 41 30 0 312 72.79 27.19 17.20 9.39 0.00 126.56
14 Jodukarahatti V 460 189 113 61 4 827 186.97 70.63 41.43 19.61 19.45 338.09
51 30 4 6 0 91 24.57 11.18 1.56 2.77 0.00 40.08
15 Depudisahibradoddi IV

Table Cont…
Linear Parameters
Stream Length Bifurcation
Ratio Ratio
Length
Basin Basin Mean of
area over
Sl. in Length bifurcation head
(A)Km
no Sub Basin II/I III/II IV/III V/IV s (LB) I/II II/III III/IV IV/V ratio (Lg)
2.
1 Saggiyam 0.40 0.79 0.77 0 33.22 11.25 2.26 3 0.66 0 1.3 0.41
0.45 0.83 0.45 0.00
2 Mudoldoddi 28.80 6.07 2.22 2.57 0.58 0 1.34 1.28
3 Halgapuram 0.51 0.24 1.87 0.74 47.19 11.11 2.1 3.07 0.68 19 6.21 1.07
1
4 Deverabetta 0.64 0.42 0.02 26.53 55.25 6.65 1.93 2.58 7 1 5.62 1.32
5 Mattugaudanadoddi 0.46 0.63 0.19 1.88 52.18 12.38 2.31 1.70 4.80 5 3.45 1.31
6 Handgalli 0.46 0.49 0.65 0.56 106.16 15.10 2.18 2.04 1.27 18.5 5.99 1.09
7 Manchepura 0.50 0.66 0.09 0 47.67 11.38 2.09 11 0.11 0 3.3 1.19
8 Lokkanahalli 0.36 0.64 0.74 0.60 180.02 21.65 2.52 1.59 1.27 20.75 6.53 0.98
9 Chinchalli 0.40 0.68 0.46 0.57 56.42 12.82 2.78 1.27 1.68 22 6.93 1.08
10 Prakash palya 0.47 0.28 0 0 16.87 4.02 1.85 2.22 0 0 1.01 1.27
11 Naripura 0.33 0.63 0.71 0.28 108.01 14.94 2.38 1.77 1.07 18 5.8 0.86
2.
12 Adugulpodu 0.37 0.37 0.99 0 64.10 22.98 2.24 3 1.36 0 1.47 0.84
13 Ramayanadoddi 0.37 0.63 0.54 0 50.82 12.2 2.17 1.85 1.36 0 1.34 0.80
14 Jodukarahatti 0.37 0.58 0.47 0.99 156.99 25.51 2.43 1.67 1.85 15.25 5.3 0.93
7.
15 Depudisahibradoddi 0.45 0.13 1.77 0 19.39 5.23 1.7 5 0.66 0 2.46 0.97

Table cont….
Aerial Parameters

Mean Stream length

Stream Elongat (Lsm) Drainage
Sl
. Drainage Frequency Form ion Circulatory texture
no Sub Basin Density (fs) factor Ratio ratio I II III IV V
(Rt) Perimeter
29.13
1 Saggiyam 4.83 3.01 0.26 1.88 0.49 0.52 0.48 0.89 0.46 0 3.43
25.61
2 Mudoldoddi 1.56 2.67 0.78 3.02 0.55 0.56 0.56 1.21 0.32 0 3
36.67
3 Halgapuram 1.86 3.32 0.38 2.70 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.41 0.53 7.55 4.28

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34.50
4 Deverabetta 1.51 2.67 1.24 5.29 0.58 0.46 0.57 0.63 0.32 8.5 4.28
37.93
5 Mattugaudanadoddi 1.52 3.18 0.34 2.68 0.45 0.43 0.46 0.51 0.47 4.51 4.37
70.10
6 Handgalli 1.83 3.69 0.46 4.47 0.27 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.41 4.34 5.59
34.82
7 Manchepura 1.68 3.69 0.36 2.66 0.49 0.46 0.49 3.61 0.03 0 5.05
68.50
8 Lokkanahalli 2.04 4.38 0.38 5.29 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.41 5.2 11.51
35.84
9 Chinchalli 1.84 4.21 0.34 2.80 0.55 0.42 0.47 0.41 0.32 4.10 6.64
22.06
10 Prakash palya 1.57 3.91 1.04 2.67 0.43 0.44 0.39 0.25 0 0 2.99
49.91
11 Naripura 2.30 4.29 0.48 4.60 0.54 0.58 0.46 0.52 0.39 2.03 9.29
63.86
12 Adugulpodu 2.37 7.05 0.12 1.77 0.19 0.36 0.30 0.26 0.35 0 7.07
35.29
13 Ramayanadoddi 2.49 6.13 0.34 2.65 0.51 0.44 0.35 0.41 0.31 0 8.84
74.44
14 Jodukarahatti 2.15 5.26 0.24 3.91 0.35 0.40 0.37 0.36 0.32 4.86 11.10
22.47
15 Depudisahibradoddi 2.06 4.69 0.70 2.36 0.48 0.48 0.37 0.39 0.46 0 4.04

4.7. Aerial Aspects

The Aerial morphometric aspects include parameters like drainage density, texture ratio, stream
frequency, form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio and length of the overland flow. The values of
these parameters have been evaluated and presented in Table 2 and discussed and interpreted, in the
following sections.

4.7.1. Drainage Density

Horton (1932) introduced the term drainage density (Dd). It is an important indicator of the linear scale
of land form elements in stream eroded topography. It is the ratio of total channel segment length of all
orders within a basin to the basin area. The drainage density is expressed in terms of Km/Km2. The
drainage density indicates the closeness of spacing of channels, thus providing a quantitative measure
of the average length of stream channel for the whole basin. It has been observed from drainage
density measurement made over a wide range of geologic and climatic type that a low drainage
density is more likely to occur in region of highly resistant and highly permeable subsoil material under
dense vegetative cover and where the relief is low. High drainage density is the resultant effect of
weak or impermeable subsurface material, sparse vegetation and mountainous relief. Low drainage
density leads to coarse drainage texture while high drainage ranging density leads to fine drainage
texture (Strahler, A.N., 1964). The drainage density (Dd) of study area is from 1.51 to 4.83 Km/Km2 as
shown in Table 2. The High drainage density indicates that the basin has highly impermeable land
surface, steep slopes and limited vegetation cover and limited erosion.

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Figure 3: sub watershed Map of Hanur watershed

4.7.2. Stream Frequency/Channel Frequency

The total of stream segments of all orders per unit area is known as stream frequency (Fs) (Horton,
1932). It is possible to have basins of same drainage density with differing stream frequency and
basins of the same frequency differing in their drainage density. The Fs values of the sub-basins of the
study area are presented in Table 2. It is noted that the values of Fs vary from 2.67 to 7.05. It is also
seen that the drainage density values of the sub-basins exhibit +ve correlation with the stream
frequency suggesting that there is an increase in stream population with respect to increasing
drainage density.

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Figure 4: Stream order with sub watershed

Figure 5: Major 15 sub basins of Hanur Watershed

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Saggiyam (SB-1), Mudoldoddi (SB-2), Halgapuram (SB-3), Deverabetta (SB-4), Mattugaudanadoddi (SB-5),
Handgalli (SB-6), Manchepura (SB-7), Lokkanahalli (SB-8), Chinchalli (SB-9), Prakashpalya (SB-10), Naripura
(SB-11), Adugulpodu (SB-12), Ramayanadoddi (SB-13), Jodukara hatti (SB-14), Depudisahibradoddi (SB-15)

4.7.3. Drainage Texture

Drainage texture (Rt) is the total number of stream segments of all orders per perimeter of that area
(Horton, 1945). It is one of the important concepts of geomorphology which depicts the relative
spacing of drainage lines. Drainage lines are numerous over impermeable zones than permeable
horizons. According to Horton (1945), infiltration capacity as a single important factor also influences
the drainage density and stream frequency. The values of drainage texture ratio of the study area vary
from 3.00-11.51. According to Smith (1950), five different drainage textures have been classified
based on the drainage density. The drainage density less than 2 indicates very coarse, between 2 and
4 is related to coarse, between 4 and 6 is to moderate, between 6 and 8 is related to fine and greater
than 8 is related to very fine drainage texture. In the study area Saggiyam, Mudoldoddi and Prakash
palya sub basins have shown coarse and Halgapuram, Deverabetta, Mattugaudanadoddi, Handgalli,
Manchepura and Depudisahibradoddi sub basins are moderate and Chinchalli and Adugulpodu sub
basins have shown fine and Lokkanahalli, Naripura, Ramayanadoddi and Jodukarahatti sub basins
have shown very fine drainage textures.

4.7.4. Form Factor

Form factor (Rf) may be defined as the ratio of the area of the basin and square of basin length
(Horton, 1932). The value of form factor would always be greater than 0.78 for a perfectly circular
basin. Smaller the value of form factor, more elongated will be the basin shape. Rf values of the study
area are shown in Table 2. It is noted that the Rf values vary from 0.12 to 1.24. The values of 0.78 to
1.24 are seen in Mudoldoddi, Prakash palya and Deverabetta sub basins which indicates circular
shape and remaining sub basins are of elongated in shape.

4.7.5. Circulatory Ratio

The circulatory ratio (Rc) is mainly concerned with the length and frequency of streams, geological
structures, land use/land cover, climate, relief and slope of the basin. It is the ratio of the area of the
basins to the area of circle having the same circumference as the perimeter of the basin. In the study
area, the Rc values are ranging from 0.19 to 0.58. The values are more than 0.5 which indicates that
they are more or less circular in shape and are characterized by the high to moderate relief and the
drainage system are structurally controlled.

4.7.6. Elongation Ratio

Elongation ratio is the ratio between the diameter of the circle of the same area as the drainage basin
and the maximum length of the basin. The elongation ratio values of the sub basins vary from 1.77 to
5.29. The elongation ratio values generally exhibit variation from 0.6 to 1.0 over a wide variety of
climatic and geologic types. In the study area, all 15 sub basins are showing the elongation ratio
greater than 1.0, indicating their lower relief.

5. Conclusion

From the Morphometric study, it is seen that the basin forms the dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage
pattern with stream orders ranging from 4th to 5th orders. The Average bifurcation ratio is calculated
for the watershed as 3.87. The value of Rb in the present case indicates that this watershed has

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higher values of Rb indicating a strong structural control in the drainage pattern; the high drainage
density indicates the presence of weak or impermeable subsurface material, sparse vegetation and
mountainous relief. Drainage textures have been classified based on the drainage density. The
drainage density less than 2 indicates very coarse, between 2 and 4 is related to coarse, between 4
and 6 is moderate, between 6 and 8 is fine and greater than 8 is very fine drainage texture. In the
study area Saggiyam, Mudoldoddi and Prakash palya sub basins are coarse and Halgapuram,
Deverabetta, Mattugaudanadoddi, Handgalli, Manchepura and Depudisahibradoddi sub basins are
moderate and Chinchalli and Adugulpodu sub basins are fine and Lokkanahalli, Naripura,
Ramayanadoddi and Jodukarahatti sub basin is very fine drainage textures. The Rf values vary from
0.12-1.24. The values of 0.78 to 1.24 are seen in Mudoldoddi, Prakashpalya and Deverabetta sub
basins indicating that they are circular in shape and remaining sub basins are elongated in shape. In
the study area, the Rc values are ranging from 0.19 to 0.58. The values are more than 0.5 which
indicating that they are more or less circular in shape and are characterized by the high to moderate
relief and the drainage system were structurally controlled. The elongation ratio values generally
exhibit variation from 0.6 to 1.0 over a wide variety of climatic and geologic types. In the study area, all
15 sub basins showed the elongation ratio greater than 1.0 indicating that they have lower relief.

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to the Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysore for
permission to prepare this paper.

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