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Faraday Lay, Motor, Generator & Transformer

This document provides an overview of Faraday's law of induction and its applications to motors, generators, and transformers. It explains that Faraday's law relates the voltage induced in a circuit to the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the circuit. Motors and generators operate based on this principle, with motors using a current to produce rotation and generators using rotation to produce a current. Transformers also operate based on Faraday's law to change the voltage in a circuit using a primary and secondary coil with different numbers of turns.

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Rahisham Osman
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301 views4 pages

Faraday Lay, Motor, Generator & Transformer

This document provides an overview of Faraday's law of induction and its applications to motors, generators, and transformers. It explains that Faraday's law relates the voltage induced in a circuit to the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the circuit. Motors and generators operate based on this principle, with motors using a current to produce rotation and generators using rotation to produce a current. Transformers also operate based on Faraday's law to change the voltage in a circuit using a primary and secondary coil with different numbers of turns.

Uploaded by

Rahisham Osman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 108 – Lecture 24:

Faraday’s Law, Motors, Generators, and Transformers


Magnetic Flux
•Magnetic flux represents how closely together magnetic field lines are packed.
•Magnetic flux is higher for stronger magnetic fields. Strong magnet=more lines.
•Equation for magnetic flux through an area:
Diagram
A

•θ is angle between magnetic field B and


the direction A faces
•θ = 0 degrees: head-on and cos θ = 1.
Φ = BA cosθ All goes through.
•θ = 90 degrees: edge-on and cos θ = 0. 1
None goes through

Faraday’s Law
•Faraday was able to successfully relate how magnetic fields affect electric circuits.
•Faraday’s law of induction relates the voltage created in a circuit due to changes
in the magnetic field.
•Faraday’s law of induction is as follows:
•E = voltage induced in circuit with changing B through it
∆Φ
ε = ∆V = − N •N = number of loops in circuit
∆t •∆Φ = change in magnetic flux passing through circuit
loops
How does this work? •∆t = time during which the magnetic flux changes
1. Put current in loop 1 2. Current makes B field that 3. Changing B in loop 2 induces
goes through loop 2 current to counteract changing B

2
Example (Faraday’s Law): An
electric light generator on a bicycle has a
wire with 150 turns and a cross-sectional
area of 0.0002m2. At 20mph the wires turn
rotate about 200 times per second. The
magnet surrounding the coil has a strength of
2000 Gauss. What is the voltage generated
in the circuit to power the light bulb?
Given Path Want Conversions/Equations

Electric DC Motors and AC Generators


•Faraday’s law can be used to explain how electric motors and generators work.
•Electric DC motors and AC generators have three basic components
•a rotating shaft
•a circuit loop attached to the shaft
•a magnetic field going from N to S on the sides of the circuit loop

•DC MOTORS: CURRENT PROVIDED to loop, RESULT IS ROTATION


•GENERATORS: ROTATION PROVIDED to shaft, RESULT IS CURRENT

4
Some Questions
1. How do you keep the DC motor turning?

2. Why are most generators AC?

3. How does an alternator fit into these concepts?

Transformers
• Transformers are simply voltage changers
• Transformers appear all over in our daily lives
•o Adapters for small electrical equipment (120V down to a few V)
•o Cylindrical canisters near tops of telephone poles (20kV down to
120V)
•o Some high voltage industrial equipment (120V up to thousands of
volts)
• Transformers work by Faraday’s law where one coil of wire induces a voltage
in another coil of wire, and vice versa.
• Key concept: the amount of magnetic flux and its rate of change are the same.

•Diagram and transformer equation:


N s Vs
=
Vp Vs N p Vp

Np Ns
6
Example (Transformers): A
portable tabletop radio often requires
about 12V. If a transformer with 800
turns on the primary side is used when
plugging into the wall, how many turns
should be on the secondary side?
Note: this problem is a bit simplified
because the radio must also rectify the
AC wall current to DC current.

Given Path Want Conversions/Equations

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