Boeing 757-767 Study Guide

For Training Purposes Only

Caveat Emptor
This Study Guide is for training purposes only and does not replace any official publication. Every
effort has been made to ensure accuracy, but there is no guarantee and no liability. Always
remember that Delta publications have priority over anything here and be sure to compare the date
on the Study Guide with the dates on current Delta manuals since it always takes a while to update
the Study Guide after the manuals change. Furthermore, be aware this Study Guide doesn’t cover
everything we need to know to safely operate the airplane. There is plenty in the manuals that isn’t
covered here. Finally, please remember this Study Guide is a collection of both procedures and
techniques, with no distinction between the two. It would be unwise to argue with your instructor
or evaluator if he or she tries to show you another way to do something.

Comments and suggestions are always welcome and please be sure to let me know if you find
errors or if the Training Department changes the way we should do things. There’s a feedback link
on the website.

Fly safe!

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 Memory Items

Aborted Engine Start Fuel Control switch (affected side) – CUTOFF

Airspeed Unreliable Check the pitch attitude and thrust.

If pitch attitude or thrust is not normal for phase of flight:
Autopilot disengage switch – Push
Autothrottle disconnect switch – Push
Flight Director switches (both) – OFF
Establish normal pitch attitude and thrust setting for phase of
flight

Cabin Altitude or Rapid Don the oxygen masks.

Depressurization Establish crew communications.

Dual Engine Failure Engine Start selectors (both) – FLT

Thrust Levers (both) – Idle
Fuel Control switches (both) – CUTOFF, then RUN

Engine Fire or Engine Severe Autothrottle Arm switch – OFF

Damage or Separation Thrust Lever (affected side) – Confirm – Idle

Engine Limit or Surge or Stall Autothrottle Arm switch – OFF

Thrust Lever (affected side) – Confirm – Retard until
indications remain within normal limits or the thrust lever is at
Idle

Evacuation Flow Use the checklist if possible.

If using the checklist is not possible, use this flow pattern:
Stop – set the parking brake
Configure – open the outflow valve
Shutdown – cut off both Fuel Control switches
Evacuate – away from any fire

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 Recall Limitations

Automatic Landing Wind limits when weather minima are predicated on autoland
operations (CAT II autoland or CAT III):
Maximum Headwind – 25 knots
Maximum Crosswind – 25 knots*
Maximum Tailwind – 10 knots
* Despite the Boeing limitation of 25 knots, Delta Ops Specs
further limits the crosswind to 15 knots to initiate or land from
a CAT II or CAT III approach. For CAT I or higher visibility,
the autoland crosswind limit is 40 knots.

Autoland is authorized for Flaps 25 or Flaps 30 landing only.

Autopilot After takeoff, the autopilot must not be engaged below

200 ft. AGL.

Use of aileron trim with the autopilot engaged is prohibited.

Flight Controls The maximum altitude for flap extension is 20,000 feet.

Maximum Operating Altitude 757 – 42,000 feet pressure altitude.

767 – 43,000 feet pressure altitude.

Maximum Takeoff and Landing 10 knots or as permitted by Delta Special Pages (Green Pages).
Tailwind Component

Takeoff and Landing Crosswind 40 knots, including gusts.

Limit The crosswind component may be further limited by low
visibility approaches, autolands or contamination.
Refer to SP 16 for Guidelines for Contaminated Runways.

Turbulent Air Penetration Speed 290 KIAS/.78 Mach, whichever is lower.

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 Non-Recall Limitations

ACARS ACARS is limited to the transmission and receipt of messages which

will not create an unsafe condition if the message is improperly
received, however Pre-Departure, Digital ATIS, Oceanic Clearances,
Weight and Balance, and Takeoff Data messages can be transmitted
and received over ACARS if they are verified per approved
operational procedures.

Air Conditioning When the airplane is electrically powered for more than 20 minutes on
the ground and the outside air temperature is 34ºC (94ºF) or greater,
equipment cooling must be provided in accordance with the table in
the Limitations section of Volume 1.

APU Limitations The starter duty cycle is a maximum of 3 consecutive starts or start
attempts within a 60-minute period.
Electrical power is available throughout the airplane operating
envelope.
In flight, APU bleed air is available up to approximately 17,000 feet.

Automatic Landing Do not use the autopilot below 100 feet Radio Altitude at airport
pressure altitudes above 8,400 feet.
Do not autoland the aircraft when ground speed exceeds 165 knots.

Door Mounted Escape Slides Entry door evacuation slide systems must be armed and engagement of
the girt bar with the door sill verified prior to taxi, takeoff or landing
whenever passengers are carried.

EGT Limitations EGT limitations vary by airplane and engine. Refer to the Limitations
section of Volume 1.
757 – If start EGT surpasses 485ºC (red radial) but does not exceed
545ºC, engine shut down is not required. Make a logbook entry and
contact MCC prior to dispatch for further guidance.
767 – If maximum engine start limits are exceeded, shut down the
engine. Maintenance action is required prior to further operation.

Engine Emergency Conditions The published operating limits for engines relate to predefined normal
and abnormal operations. If, however, any crew finds itself in a life-
threatening situation which requires an application of thrust beyond
the certified takeoff limits, they can feel confident that the engine(s)
will operate satisfactorily for whatever reasonable time is required to
maintain safe control of the aircraft.

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 Engine Ignition Continuous ignition must be on (Engine Start Selector in the CONT
position) while operating in severe turbulence.
Continuous ignition is automatically provided with the flap lever out
of the UP position or in icing conditions when engine anti-ice is on.

Engine Indicating The flight crew shall not blank the engine vibration display during
takeoff.

Engine Limit Display Markings Minimum and maximum limits are red.
Caution limits are amber.

Engine Starter Duty Cycle Continuous for 5 minutes.

Cool for 30 seconds per minute of operation.

Flight Controls Full application of pitch, roll, or yaw controls should be confined to
speeds below the maneuvering speed. Rapid and large alternating
control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch,
roll, or yaw, and full control inputs in more than one axis at the same
time should be avoided as they may result in structural failures at any
speed, including below the maneuvering speed.

Flight Deck Access System Verify that an operational check of the Flight Deck Access System has
been accomplished according to approved procedures once each
flight day.

Fuel Use of Jet B and JP4 is prohibited.

The maximum fuel temperature is 49ºC (120ºF).
The maximum fuel imbalance for dispatch is 1,500 pounds.
The minimum inflight fuel tank temperature for Jet A is -37ºC. Other
fuels have lower minimum temperatures and are listed in the
Limitations section of Volume 1. These temperatures are 3 degrees
above the fuel freeze point.

GPWS Do not use the terrain display for navigation.

Terrain awareness alerting and terrain display functions are prohibited
within 15 nm of takeoff, approach or landing on a runway or airport
not contained in the GPWS airport database. Crews will be notified
of those runways/airports via EFCB or flight plan remarks.
Look-ahead and Terrain alerting and display functions must be
inhibited by selecting the Ground Proximity Terrain Override switch
to OVRD if:
 the FMS is operating in IRS NAV only
 prior to takeoff, FMS position updating is not accomplished or
actual runway position is not verified by ensuring, with the 5 or
10 nm range selected on the EFIS control panel, the airplane is
displayed at the appropriate point on the runway symbol

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 Logbook Entry A logbook entry is required any time an aircraft limitation is exceeded,
e.g., an overweight landing, engine exceedance, etc.

Maximum Takeoff and Landing 8,400 feet pressure altitude for most airplanes.
Altitude 9,500 feet pressure altitude for ships 636, 638, 640-641, 6815-6817
and 6901-6904.

N2 Control Mode (757 Only) Takeoff in N2 control mode (ENG LIM PROT light illuminated) is not
permitted.

Reverse Thrust Reverse thrust is for ground use only.

Backing the airplane with reverse thrust is prohibited.

Runway Slope ± 2%

RVSM Altimeter Cross Check Limits Standby altimeters do not meet altimeter accuracy requirements of
RVSM airspace.
The maximum allowable difference between the Captain’s and F/O’s
altimeters for RVSM operation is 200 feet.
The maximum allowable difference between the Captain’s or F/O’s
altimeter and field elevation is 75 feet at all field elevations.
The maximum allowable difference between the Captain’s and F/O’s
altimeters on the ground varies by airplane and field elevation, but if
they are within 25 feet of each other they satisfy the most restrictive
condition.

TCAS Pilots are authorized to deviate from their current ATC clearance to the
extent necessary to comply with a TCAS resolution advisory.

Weather Radar Do not operate the weather radar in a hangar or within 50 feet of any
personnel or fuel spill.
Hangar and personnel restrictions do not apply to weather radar test
mode.

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 Weight Limitations Maximum weight limitations vary by airplane and tail number. Refer
to the Limitations section of Volume 1.
On the 757, if the main tanks are not full, center tank fuel may not
exceed 2,000 pounds.
On the 767, the center tank may contain up to 22,000 pounds of fuel
with less than full main tanks provided center tank weight plus actual
zero fuel weight does not exceed the maximum zero fuel weight and
center of gravity limits are observed. With the fuel jettison system
installed and activated, total fuel must not be less than 10,300 pounds
in the main tanks.
Weights may be further restricted by field length limits, climb limits,
tire speed limits, brake energy limits, obstacle clearance, or enroute
and landing requirements.

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 Maneuvers

NORMAL TAKEOFF PROFILE (Distant/ICAO NADP 2)

Confirm alignment with the intended departure runway on the HSI.
Release brakes and advance thrust levers. Ensure the engines are accelerating symmetrically. Maintain light forward
pressure on the control column until 80 knots.
At 70% N1/1.1 EPR minimum: “N1” or “EPR” as appropriate. [PF]
After takeoff thrust is set, the captain’s hand must be on the thrust levers until V1.
At 80 knots: “80 knots, Throttle Hold, Thrust Normal.” [PM]
At appropriate speeds: “V1 . . . Rotate.” [PM]
Rotate toward 15º nose up at 2 to 2½ degrees per second. Do not follow the flight director pitch bar. Early or rapid
rotation may cause a tail strike. Late, slow, or under-rotation increases takeoff roll.
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
Follow the flight director only after liftoff and away from the ground. The flight director initially commands
V2 + 15 knots or liftoff speed + 15 knots, whichever is greater. If the current airspeed remains above the target
speed for 5 seconds, the target speed resets to the current airspeed up to a maximum of V2 + 25 knots.
At 400' RA: Verify LNAV or “Heading Select.” [PF] Call for Heading Select if necessary. LNAV is usually armed
before takeoff and will engage prior to 400' RA so action is usually not necessary at this time.
At 1,000' AFE: “Climb Power.” [PF]
On a Flaps 15 or Flaps 20 takeoff, when 20 knots below the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 5.” [PF]
On a Flaps 20 takeoff, do not call for or select Flaps 15. Retract the flaps directly to Flaps 5.
At the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 1.” [PF]
At 20 knots below the second SWB and accelerating: “Flaps Up, After Takeoff Checklist.” [PF]
(Sources: Ground School Handouts, NP 20.59-60, FCTM 3.2-3.11, FCTM 3.35-3.36, 757 Volume 2 4.20.8,
767 Volume 2 4.20.9)

SPECIAL TAKEOFF PROFILE (Close-In/ICAO NADP 1)

Enter “3000” on the ACCEL HT line on Takeoff Ref page 2.
At 1,500' AFE: “Climb Power.” [PF]
Maintain V2 + 20 until 3,000' AFE and then follow the flight director to lower the nose and accelerate. Retract the
flaps on the speed schedule.
Engine failure, windshear or any non-normal affecting safety of flight cancels the noise abatement procedure.
(Sources: NP 20.15, FCTM 3.3)

TAKEOFF WITH VNAV INOPERATIVE

At 1,000' AFE: “Flight Level Change, Bug Clean Speed, Climb Power.” [PF]
Accelerate to clean speed and retract flaps on the speed schedule.
At 2,500' AFE: “Bug 250 knots.” [PF]
In Class B airspace, 250 knots may be used instead of clean speed at 1,000' AFE if desired.
(Sources: Ground School Handouts, FARs)

IF THE FLAPS DO NOT RETRACT AFTER TAKEOFF

After determining the flaps have failed to move: “Flight Level Change, Bug 180 knots.” [PF]
Climb at 180 knots with existing flaps and refer to the checklist.
180 knots is just an arbitrary airspeed that should be above V2 + 15 and is below Flaps 5, 15 and 20 limit speeds.
Other airspeeds may be used, provided both the minimum maneuvering speed and the flap limit speed for the
existing (not selected) flap position are protected.
(Source: GS)

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LOW ALTITUDE HOLD DOWN
If altitude capture prevents the selection of another pitch mode.
 if altitude capture occurs before CLB power is selected, the Thrust Management Computer will remain in
Takeoff, the autothrottles will remain in Throttle Hold, and the airplane will accelerate and overspeed the flaps
unless pilot action is taken. Either manually retard the throttles to prevent flap overspeed or select CLB power,
bug clean speed and engage the autothrottles in SPD. The callout for the latter option is:
“Climb Power, Bug Clean Speed, Autothrottles – Speed.” [PF] (CBS)
 if altitude capture occurs after CLB power is selected, the autothrottles will engage in Speed mode, the MCP
speed window will open to the current airspeed, and the autothrottles will retard to maintain the current
airspeed. In this case, simply rotate the speed bug to clean speed, ensure the autothrottles are in SPD mode and
retract the flaps on schedule.
In Class B airspace, 250 knots may be used instead of clean speed if desired.
(Sources: GS, FARs)

FMS CLIMB PAGE ANOMALY

Occasionally, the FMC may erroneously sense an engine failure during single-engine taxi and trigger the FMS
Climb Page anomaly after takeoff. The anomaly causes the Command Bug to slew to Vref + 80 knots (clean
speed), the Climb page to revert to a Vref + 80 climb, and prevents the selection of CLB thrust and VNAV. In
addition, fuel and time data will not display on the PROG or LEGS DATA pages. Flight Level Change and
Vertical Speed will function normally however.
To recover you must convince the FMS that both engines are operating (assuming they really are):
 go to the CLB page and select and execute the ALL ENG prompt
 if the ALL ENG prompt is not displayed, select ENG OUT and then select ALL ENG
 select CLB power and engage VNAV
(Source: SP 11.26)

REJECTED TAKEOFF
Prior to 80 knots, reject the takeoff for: After 80 knots and before V1, reject only for:
 Master Caution or Warning activation  engine failure
 system failures  fire or fire warning
 unusual noise or vibration  predictive windshear warning
 tire failure  if the airplane is unsafe or unable to fly
 abnormally slow acceleration (“fire, failure, shear or fear”)
 takeoff configuration warning
 a side window opening After V1, reject only:
 engine failure  if the airplane is unsafe or unable to fly
 fire or fire warning
 predictive windshear caution or warning Note: Eighty knots is the boundary between the low
 if the airplane is unsafe or unable to fly speed and high speed abort regimes.

Master Caution/Master Warning lights and the abort decision:

 due to the inhibit logic built into the system, if a Master Caution or a Master Warning light illuminates with an
aural confirmation prior to V1, abort the takeoff
 there are several conditions not monitored by the Master Caution/Master Warning system, such as engine
failure and smoke in the cockpit, that would require an abort without illumination of the Master Caution or
Master Warning light, but if the light illuminates below V1 with aural confirmation, abort the takeoff

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Indications for situations that would require an abort between 80 knots and V1:
 engine failure – there will not be a Master Warning for a simple engine failure. The primary indication will be
a directional control problem with supportive indications from the engine instruments and EICAS messages.
There may be a loud bang if the engine failure is preceded by a compressor stall.
 fire or fire warning – an engine, APU, wheel well or cargo fire indication will be accompanied by Master
Warning lights, the fire bell and EICAS messages. A fire in the cockpit, cabin or lav will have smoke and
fumes as the primary indication, although 757-300 aircraft also have a LAV SMOKE light on the overhead
panel.
 predictive windshear (if installed) – a predictive windshear warning will be indicated by the Master Warning
light, the red windshear light on the center panel, red WINDSHEAR on the ADI and HSI, and the “Windshear
Ahead” aural warning. A predictive windshear caution will be indicated by an amber WINDSHEAR on the
HSI, an amber and black PWS symbol on the weather radar and the “Monitor Radar Display” aural alert. Note
that predictive windshear warnings are inhibited at 100 knots and will not display until 50' RA after takeoff.
Therefore, a new predictive windshear warning can trigger an abort above 80 knots only if it occurs between
80 and 100 knots. Furthermore, predictive windshear cautions are inhibited at 80 knots and will not display
until 400' RA, so a new predictive windshear caution cannot trigger an abort above 80 knots.
 airplane is unsafe or unable to fly – there is no definitive list, so the Captain must evaluate each situation
individually, however EICAS indications should be used only as supportive information in conjunction with
other primary abnormal indications
In summary, above 80 knots, abort only for severe directional control problems (engine failure), the Master
Warning with aural confirmation (fire or windshear), smoke or fumes from a fire, or if the airplane won’t fly.
EICAS messages alone should never be the only reason to initiate a high-speed abort.

Indications for situations that normally would not require an abort above 80 knots:
 generator failure – the instruments will blank momentarily and numerous EICAS messages will appear, but
there will be no directional control problems or engine instrument abnormalities
 blown tire – a loud bang and light to moderate directional control problems without engine indication
abnormalities indicates a blown tire. Continue the takeoff unless an engine ingested parts of the tire causing an
engine failure or fire.
 compressor stall – compressor stalls can be minor or severe. A severe compressor stall, indicated by a loud
bang, light to moderate directional control problems and abnormal engine indications (basically, an engine
failure), would warrant an abort above 80 knots, but a few pops without supporting engine indications could be
a blown tire or some other problem. Continue the takeoff and figure it out at a safe altitude.
 flight deck window opening – a flight deck window opening does not warrant an abort above 80 knots.
Continue the takeoff, refer to the QRH, and close the window at a safe altitude.

Captain actions:
 if the Captain is making the takeoff, announce “Abort!”
 if the First Officer is making the takeoff, announce “Abort, I have the aircraft!” and take positive control
 close the thrust levers and disconnect the autothrottles
 apply maximum or RTO braking (not all airplanes have RTO brakes)
 apply maximum reverse thrust consistent with conditions
 raise the speedbrake lever if necessary (speedbrakes should have extended when reverse thrust was selected)
 if maintaining directional control is difficult during reverse thrust operation, reduce thrust to reverse idle (or
forward idle if required), regain control and then reapply reverse thrust as necessary. Do not attempt to
maintain directional control by using asymmetrical reverse thrust.
 the Captain has the option to manually deploy the speedbrakes prior to selecting reverse thrust

First Officer actions:

 if making the takeoff, maintain control until the Captain makes a positive control input and states “I have the
aircraft”
 verify thrust levers closed, autothrottles disengaged, max or RTO brakes applied, and reverse thrust applied
 check speedbrakes and call “Speedbrakes Up” or “Speedbrakes Not Up,” as appropriate
 call out any omitted items
 call out “80 knots”

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For a rejected takeoff below 80 knots (before Throttle Hold), make sure the autothrottles are disconnected or else
they will advance to takeoff power when released unless reverse thrust was selected.
Braking action must begin no later than V1. There is no built-in reaction time or decision time at or after V1. As a
technique, the decision must be made no later than 10 knots below V1 to avoid exceeding V1.
Braking provides the primary stopping force followed by spoilers and reverse thrust.
Consider wind direction. If possible, stop with any fire on the downwind side of the aircraft.
It is usually advisable to stop on the runway for easier evacuation and better access for fire trucks and rescue
vehicles. In many cases the airport authority must make a FOD sweep after an abort anyway, so clearing the
runway right away might not help with traffic flow.

Once the aircraft is stopped:

 do not set the parking brake unless evacuating
 ensure the call to tower and the PA to the flight attendants and passengers are completed (see below)
 complete the non-normal checklist in the QRH for the condition that caused the rejected takeoff
 refer to “Rejected Takeoff – Post Reject Considerations” in Section 0 of the QRH

Either the Captain, First Officer or Relief Pilot must notify the tower, request emergency equipment if necessary,
and make a PA to the flight attendants and passengers as soon as practical. The Captain should assign these duties
during the non-normals portion of his briefing.
 the correct PA when evacuation is not required is “This is the Captain. We have discontinued the takeoff.
Please remain seated with your seat belt fastened.” If assigned this duty, the First Officer or Relief Pilot will
identify himself as the Captain.
 the correct PA when evacuation is required is “Easy Victor, Easy Victor, Easy Victor,” as part of the
Evacuation checklist, which directs the flight attendants to prepare for evacuation. That PA must be followed
within 30 seconds with either an evacuation PA or a remain-seated PA as described in the FOM and later in
this Study Guide.

In low visibility conditions the tower might not see the aborted takeoff and might not stop operations on that runway
or roll fire trucks if you need them, so you must be sure to alert them with a radio call.
Most domestic airports do not have a hot brakes area and brake cooling will occur at the gate. Check with local ops.
Ground crews should not approach the wheels from the side (i.e. do not face the wheel hubs).
Use the Brake Cooling Following Rejected Takeoff chart in the Abnormal section of the ODM (not the Brake
Cooling Following Landing chart – both are in the Abnormal section, so make sure you get the correct one) to
compute cooling times. Use V1 for the abort speed if the actual speed is unknown.
Ensure all passengers are seated and all doors are closed before taxiing.
Don’t forget normal checklists like the After Landing checklist and the Taxi and Before Takeoff checklists if
necessary.
If the rejected takeoff was for a mechanical problem, make a logbook entry and comply with the MEL if necessary.
The flight may continue after complying with all MEL restrictions.
If the rejected takeoff was for a configuration warning and the reason cannot be positively resolved by the crew,
make a logbook entry and contact the MCC. If the reason can be positively resolved and corrected, another takeoff
attempt is permitted.
Notify the Dispatcher after all rejected takeoffs.
After any rejected takeoff above 80 knots, the crew must seek approval to continue from a Chief Pilot or an
Operational Director. Contact the Duty Pilot for a phone patch.
Be sure to file an Air Safety Report after all rejected takeoffs. Tower reports them to the FAA too.
(Sources: GS, FCTM 3-21, FCTM Addendum 3.9-3.11, FOM 3.4.11, FOM 7.8.4, QRH 0.16/0.12)

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STABILIZED APPROACH
A stabilized approach is defined as maintaining a stable speed, descent rate, and lateral flight path while in the
landing configuration. At any altitude, if the following stabilized approach criteria cannot be established and
maintained, initiate a go-around. Do not attempt to land from an unstable approach.

No lower than 1000 feet AFE:

 be fully configured for landing with landing gear and landing flaps extended
 maintain a stabilized descent rate not to exceed 1,000 fpm
 be aligned with the intended landing runway

No lower than 500 feet AFE:

 be on target airspeed
 the engines must be stabilized at the thrust setting required to maintain the desired airspeed and rate of descent

Crossing the Runway Threshold:

 positioned to make a normal landing in the touchdown zone

Some published approaches, such as the River Visual at DCA, may require a planned deviation to the lateral
stabilized approach criteria and some published approaches require higher than standard descent rates. Verbalize
all planned deviations during the approach briefing.
In the event of a momentary descent rate exceedance, you may proceed as long as the exceedance is verbally
acknowledged and corrective action is initiated immediately.
(Source: NP 12.2)

TWO ENGINE GO-AROUND

“Go-Around.” [Captain]
Press a G/A switch and advance power. The autothrottles will engage if not already engaged unless the A/T ARM
switch is off. Ensure G/A is displayed on the ADI for pitch, roll and autothrottle modes.
Rotate toward 15º nose up and follow the flight director.
“Flaps 20.” [PF]
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
Maintain Vref 25/30 + speed additive (orange bug speed) minimum.
The pitch bar initially commands the MCP airspeed or the airspeed at the time of G/A engagement, whichever is
higher. If the airspeed increases and remains above the initial target speed for 5 seconds, the target speed resets to
the current airspeed up to a maximum of MCP airspeed + 25 knots. If the airspeed at G/A engagement was above
MCP + 25 knots, that airspeed is maintained.
The roll bar initially commands the ground track at the time of G/A engagement.
The autothrottles provide at least a 2,000 fpm rate of climb. If full thrust is desired, manually advance the thrust
levers to maximum go-around thrust.
Report the missed approach to ATC. [PM] If conditions permit, the PM should report the missed approach and
receive a clearance before the PF calls for a roll mode so you know whether to fly the published missed approach
procedure, runway heading, or some other clearance.
At 400' RA: “Heading Select” or “LNAV.” [PF] Call for the appropriate roll mode.
At 1,000' AFE: “Bug Flaps 5 Speed.” [PF]
Set the airspeed command bug to Flaps 5 speed (first SWB) at 1,000' AFE and follow the flight director pitch bar as
it lowers the nose to accelerate. Do not call for or select Flight Level Change. Stay in G/A for pitch and power. (If
you’re pushing a square button on the MCP at 1,000' AFE on a go-around, you’re doing something wrong.)
At 20 knots below the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 5.” [PF]
“After Takeoff Checklist.” [PF]
Normally fly the missed approach with Flaps 5 and at Flaps 5 airspeed. The flaps may be retracted on the speed
schedule if desired or if diverting to an alternate airport, but Flaps 5 speed will keep the aircraft slow enough to
enter holding at low altitude if necessary. Max holding speed at 6,000' MSL and below is 200 knots.

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It’s easiest just to stay in G/A for pitch and power until level off at the missed approach altitude, but selecting
VNAV or Flight Level Change is acceptable if desired after reaching the planned flap setting (Flaps 5 or Up) and
the appropriate maneuvering speed.
The autopilot will not engage in G/A mode. If the autopilot is engaged with the flight director in G/A for both pitch
and roll, it will engage in Vertical Speed and Heading Hold (or Vertical Speed and Attitude mode on some
airplanes if the bank angle is greater than five degrees). If, however, another roll mode was engaged at 400' RA
(e.g. Heading Select or LNAV), the flight director will be in G/A for pitch and the selected mode for roll. In that
case, when the autopilot is engaged, it will engage in Vertical Speed and the existing roll mode. In all cases, make
the necessary changes on the MCP to fly the correct vertical and horizontal path after engaging the autopilot. One
method is to engage the autopilot and then immediately reselect Go-Around and then the appropriate roll mode.
Another method is to engage the autopilot and then immediately select Flight Level Change, assuming the existing
roll mode is still the one desired. Either way, you’ll be pushing buttons as soon as you engage an autopilot.
(Sources: Ground School Handouts, AM 3-11, NP 20.70, FCTM 5.78-5.80, 757 Volume 2 4.20.8,
767 Volume 2 4.20.9)

ENGINE FAILURE ON TAKEOFF (V1 Cut)

At engine failure: Apply rudder to control the yaw.
At V2 and stable on the runway centerline, rotate to 12º to 13º nose up at a slightly slower than normal rotation rate
(2½ to 3 degrees per second). Do not follow the pitch bar during rotation. Early or rapid rotation may cause a tail
strike. High gross weights may require a lower pitch attitude (e.g. 10º nose up).
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
Maintain runway centerline visually until IMC or until passing the departure end of the runway.
Follow the flight director after liftoff and maintain V2 to V2 + 15. If an engine fails on the ground, the pitch bar will
command V2 or the airspeed at liftoff, whichever is higher, up to a maximum of V2 + 15. The roll bar will
command the ground track at time of lift off until another roll mode is selected.
At 400' RA: “Heading Select, Declare an Emergency and Request Runway Heading.” [PF] Call for the
appropriate roll mode, which may or may not be Heading Select. If Heading Select is desired, it may be necessary
to reset the heading bug if a different departure heading was pre-selected before takeoff.
Comply with the Delta Special Page, if published. Runway heading may not be the correct path. Refer to Single
Engine Notes later in this Study Guide for a discussion of roll mode following an engine failure.
At 1,000' AFE: “Vertical Speed +200, Disarm VNAV.” [PF]
Follow the flight director and lower the nose to accelerate.
The Pilot Flying should call for a vertical speed between zero and +200 fpm depending on conditions. High gross
weights and/or high pressure altitudes may necessitate a vertical speed of zero to ensure acceleration.
On a Flaps 15 or Flaps 20 takeoff, when 20 knots below the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 5.” [PF]
At the first SWB: “Flight Level Change, Bug Flaps 5 Speed, Select and Set Continuous Power.” [PF]
The MCP airspeed will jump to the existing airspeed when Flight Level Change is pressed. Adjust to Flaps 5 speed
(first SWB) if necessary. The PM should select CON on the TMSP and manually adjust the throttle since the
autothrottles will be in Throttle Hold at this time and will not move.
“Autothrottles Off, Autopilot On.” [PF]
The A/T ARM switch should be turned off prior to level off. Engage the autopilot after applying rudder trim.
Always use the highest level of automation available.
During level off, manually reduce power on the operating engine and adjust to maintain the desired airspeed. Rudder
pressure and/or rudder trim will change as power is changed.
Flaps may be retracted on the speed schedule if desired or if diverting to an alternate airport, but normally stay at
Flaps 5 if returning to the departure airport.
“After Takeoff Checklist, Engine Failure Checklist.” [PF]
Refer to Single Engine Notes for a discussion of checklist order.
Notify flight attendants, passengers, ATC and Flight Control (“two in, two out”) on downwind leg, time permitting.
After the approach is set up and briefed: “Descent Checklist, Approach Checklist.” [PF]
(Sources: Ground School Handouts, FCTM 3.37-3.43)

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SINGLE ENGINE GO-AROUND
“Go-Around.” [Captain]
Press a G/A switch and manually firewall the throttle if the EEC is protecting the engine. The A/T ARM switch
should be off at this time and the autothrottles will not engage.
Apply rudder as power increases if on a manual or single autopilot go-around. If making a multiple-autopilot missed
approach from an ILS, the rudder is initially controlled by the autopilots, but be prepared to apply rudder at the
first change of either pitch or roll mode since autopilot rudder control will be terminated and the rudder will
quickly move to its trimmed position.
Ensure G/A is displayed on the ADI for pitch and roll modes. The autothrottle mode should be blank.
Rotate toward 12º nose up and follow the flight director.
“Flaps 5.” [PF]
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
Maintain Vref 20 + speed additive (orange bug speed) minimum.
The pitch bar initially commands the MCP airspeed or the airspeed at the time of G/A engagement, whichever is
higher. If the airspeed increases and remains above the initial target speed for 5 seconds, the target speed resets to
the current airspeed up to a maximum of MCP airspeed + 25 knots. If the airspeed at G/A engagement was above
MCP + 25 knots, that airspeed is maintained.
The roll bar initially commands the ground track at the time of G/A engagement.
Report the missed approach to ATC. [PM]
At 400' RA: “Stay in Go-Around” or “Heading Select” or “LNAV.” [PF] Call for the appropriate roll mode. Be
aware that autopilot rudder control will be terminated at this time if another roll mode is selected during a missed
approach from a coupled ILS. Comply with engine-out missed approach or engine-out rejected landing procedures
on the Delta Special Page, if published. Refer to Single Engine Notes for a discussion of roll mode on a single-
engine missed approach.
At 1,000' AFE: “Bug Flaps 5 Speed.” [PF]
Set the airspeed command bug to Flaps 5 speed (first SWB) at 1,000' AFE or as published on the Green Pages and
follow the flight director pitch bar as it lowers the nose to accelerate. Do not call for or select Flight Level Change;
stay in G/A for pitch. (If you’re pushing a square button on the MCP at 1,000' AFE on a go-around, you’re doing
something wrong.)
Engage the autopilot after applying rudder trim if it’s not already engaged. Always use the highest level of
automation available. The autopilot will not engage in G/A mode however. If the autopilot is engaged with the
flight director in G/A for both pitch and roll, it will engage in Vertical Speed and Heading Hold (or Vertical Speed
and Attitude mode on some airplanes if the bank angle is greater than five degrees). If another roll mode was
engaged at 400' RA (e.g. Heading Select or LNAV), the flight director will be in G/A for pitch and the selected
mode for roll. In that case, when the autopilot is engaged, it will engage in Vertical Speed and the existing roll
mode. In all cases, make the necessary changes on the MCP to fly the correct vertical and horizontal path after
engaging the autopilot. One method is to engage the autopilot and then immediately reselect Go-Around and then
the appropriate roll mode. Another method is to engage the autopilot and then immediately select Flight Level
Change, assuming the existing roll mode is still the one desired. Either way, you’ll be pushing buttons as soon as
you engage an autopilot.
Flaps may be retracted on the speed schedule if desired or if diverting to an alternate airport. If diverting, select and
set Continuous power on the operating engine and use Flight Level Change or VNAV for the climb to cruise
altitude. Do not keep the engine firewalled.
“After Takeoff Checklist.” [PF]
(Sources: Ground School Handouts, FCTM 5.82-5.83, 757 Volume 2 4.20.8, 767 Volume 2 4.20.9)

SINGLE ENGINE NOTES

A takeoff alternate is required if the weather is below CAT I minimums. (FOM 5.1.5)
After initial rudder input is applied on takeoff, lock your heel to the floor and hold. Initially keep the rudder constant
and control ground track with ailerons after airborne. Attempting to use both rudder and aileron during the initial
climb on a V1 Cut can result in a nasty PIO at low altitude. Don’t go there.
To aid in aircraft control, do not rotate until heading is stable and airspeed is equal to or greater than VR. Rotation at
V2 is recommended. Use visual references to maintain runway centerline as long as possible.

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During rotation the rising nose will block airflow to the tail making the rudder less effective. Be ready for an
increase in yaw during initial rotation and apply aileron (preferred) or additional rudder as necessary.
Imagine a 747 waiting to cross the runway and don’t drift into it after airborne. Maintain runway centerline visually
and “fly through the goalposts” at the departure end.
Departure priorities after an engine failure on takeoff (AM 3-14):
1. Delta Special Page engine-out departure procedure
2. ATC clearance
3. As desired (e.g. runway heading, remain VFR and return for landing if terrain clearance can be assured, etc.)
Departure priorities for an engine-out missed approach/rejected landing in IMC or when terrain clearance cannot be
assured visually (AM 3-14):
1. Delta Special Page engine-out missed approach/rejected landing table
2. ATC clearance
3. As desired (e.g. straight out missed approach or runway heading)
If an engine fails, fly the correct path, declare an emergency and inform tower of your intentions.
Selecting the correct roll mode at 400' RA and flying the correct path after an engine failure can be critical for
obstacle clearance. Review and brief the Delta Special Pages prior to every takeoff and every approach so you
know what roll mode to select and what path to fly if an engine fails. Do not just automatically fly straight ahead.
LNAV or Heading Select and a turn may be required to avoid terrain.
If obstacle clearance is not a factor, however, you can fly either “runway heading” or a “straight-out departure.” If
you announce runway heading you must maintain runway heading ±10º to meet Qualification Standards in the
simulator. If you fly a straight-out departure you must follow the extended runway centerline on the HSI ±10º.
When hand flying, flying runway heading is easier because you don’t have to compensate for wind. If you get off
the heading all you need to do is correct back to it. In comparison, if you fly a straight-out departure and get off the
extended runway centerline displayed on the HSI, you must correct back to the centerline and then compensate for
wind to stay on it. If multiple autopilots are engaged, however, as they would be during a single-engine missed
approach from an ILS, flying a straight-out departure is easier because you can leave the autopilot in G/A and it
will follow the ground track at time of engagement, which should be pretty close to the runway centerline. This
avoids having to engage Heading Select at 400' RA and losing autopilot rudder control which would require
rudder input to prevent the airplane from rolling. Of course, when another pitch or roll mode is selected later in the
missed approach or when the autopilot transitions to Altitude Capture approaching the missed approach altitude,
autopilot rudder control will be terminated and rudder input will be necessary, but that’s better than at 400' RA. As
a technique, therefore, if obstacle clearance is not a factor, fly runway heading if an engine fails on takeoff and fly
a straight-out departure in the event of a missed approach if you’ll be flying a single-engine ILS with the autopilot
engaged, as you probably would in the real world.
Both the appropriate non-normal checklist and the After Takeoff checklist must be completed and the order is at the
Captain’s discretion and depends on the circumstances. For a simple engine failure, completing the After Takeoff
checklist first is recommended because you will catch configuration errors and it’s a more normal flow pattern. If
the engine is burning or surging, however, completing the Engine Fire or Engine Severe Damage or Separation
checklist or the Engine Limit or Surge or Stall checklist first would be more appropriate.
If an engine fails after takeoff below 1,000 feet AFE, apply rudder, lower pitch to approximately 10º nose up,
maintain V2 to V2 + 15 and apply normal V1 Cut procedures at 1,000' AFE. Use caution for rapidly decreasing
airspeed.
If an engine fails on climb out above 1,000 feet AFE, don’t do the V1 Cut procedures. Just apply rudder and lower
the nose to maintain the airspeed for whatever flaps are extended.
Use the autopilot on approach at least until reaching visual conditions. It may be used until just prior to the flare on
an ILS if desired.
A CAT I approach (ILS or non-precision) to a hand-flown landing is the lowest authorized approach on single
engine. Autoland is not authorized with an engine inoperative unless the engine fails below AH/DH on a CAT II
or CAT III approach. (FCTM 5.34)
To control airspeed, watch the little drum inside the airspeed indicator and manually adjust the thrust lever to make
the drum rotate or stop rotating as necessary. The airspeed drum provides better information than the airspeed
pointer. Also keep an eye on the Fast/Slow indicator in the ADI. The Fast/Slow indicator is anticipatory and will
show the airspeed trend before the airspeed actually changes.
Keep the rudder trimmed or the autopilot will disconnect and the airplane will roll abruptly. Watch the yoke angle,
which is a measure of autopilot aileron input, for indications of needed rudder trim and adjust as necessary.

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The PF may ask the PM to set rudder trim to 5, 10 or 15 units, as appropriate, but it’s a very good idea for the PF to
start moving the rudder trim in the correct direction first so the PM doesn’t get confused and move it the wrong
direction.
The Fuel Config light will probably illuminate on downwind due to a fuel imbalance. The light must be noted and
the imbalance checked, but it is not necessary to balance the fuel. The airplane will be fully controllable even with
the imbalance so leave the fuel pumps on and the fuel crossfeed valve closed. Don’t just open the crossfeed valve
and leave it open (like we used to do) because it’s possible for a strong pump on the wrong side to make the
imbalance worse. If diverting to another airport, however, balancing fuel enroute would be appropriate.
On a single-engine ILS, lower the gear and select Flaps 20 at 1½ dots on the glideslope.
The airplane will balloon when flaps are extended, especially when extending to Flaps 20. If hand flying, be ready to
compensate with forward control column pressure to maintain altitude. To meet Qualification Standards, you must
control the balloon and intercept the glideslope within 100 feet of your assigned glideslope intercept altitude.
If diverting, select and execute the ENG OUT prompt on the CLB or CRZ page.
On a single-engine missed approach from a coupled ILS, the autopilot is controlling the rudder. Rudder trim may be
pre-set to 15 units below 400' RA or to 10 units prior to level off so it will be approximately correct when rudder
control is terminated.
ACARS automatically sends a message to the Company if a fuel control switch is moved to cutoff during flight.
Do not attempt to restart the engine unless a greater emergency exists.

Approximate Rudder Trim Approximate Power Settings

15 units on initial climb out 83% N1 or 1.18 EPR in level flight on downwind
10 units in level flight 73% N1 or 1.08 EPR on final approach
5 units on final approach.

PASSENGER EVACUATION (“Stop – Configure – Shutdown – Evacuate”)

Know this as well as you know the memory items. Use the checklist on the back of the QRH if possible, but know
the correct steps in case the cockpit is dark or full of smoke.
 Stop – set the parking brake
 notify the flight attendants. Announce “Easy Victor, Easy Victor, Easy Victor” over the PA.
 Configure – open the outflow valve (Manual then Climb and hold until open)
 Shutdown – cut off both Fuel Control switches
 Evacuate – away from any fire. Notify the cabin to evacuate and advise the tower.
 override and pull all engine and APU fire switches. Discharge the fire bottle(s) only if an engine or APU fire
warning light is illuminated. If required, rotate to the stop and hold for one second.
Upon hearing “Easy Victor,” the flight attendants will instruct the passengers to remain seated and then prepare for
evacuation (look out the windows for fire, etc.). The flight crew should follow up with either the evacuation
command or the remain seated command within 30 seconds. If there is no follow up, the flight attendants will
attempt to contact the flight deck for instructions. In a life threatening situation, the flight attendants may initiate
the evacuation without instructions.
The correct follow-up PA for evacuation is “This is the Captain. Evacuate, evacuate.” If certain exits are unusable
due to fire, etc., state the direction of egress, e.g. “This is the Captain. Using the right exits only, evacuate,
evacuate.” State the egress direction before using the word “evacuate” to help ensure it is heard and understood.
The correct follow-up PA if the evacuation is cancelled is “This is the Captain. Remain seated with your seat belt
fastened.”
It is not necessary to lower the speedbrakes or flaps as part of the evacuation checklist because the inboard spoilers
will automatically blow down when the overwing exits are opened on the 767. On the 757, the spoilers are too far
away from the exits to be a factor. Lowering the flaps is not necessary because the wing slides will deploy.
The First Officer and Relief Officer (if installed) will exit from a forward exit and assist from outside. The Captain
will exit from a rear exit after all passengers are off if possible.
Move all passengers away from fire equipment, away from any possible fire or explosion, and off paved surfaces.
Do not allow passengers to return to the aircraft or depart the site until directed.
(Sources: GS, FOM 10.1.5, FCTM Addendum 8.3-8.5, QRH NNCI 1.11,. QRH Back Cover)

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ILS PRM BREAKOUT

If ATC calls “Traffic Alert” during a PRM approach and directs a breakout:

Pilot Flying Pilot Monitoring

 disengage the autopilot and initiate a turn to the  acknowledge ATC instructions
heading specified by the controller  turn off both Flight Directors
 keep the autothrottles on  set the breakout heading on the MCP
 initiate a climb or descent as directed  set the breakout altitude on the MCP
 if the maneuver requires a descent, do not exceed  turn both Flight Directors back on
1,000 fpm  select Heading Select
 select Flight Level Change

After the airplane is established on the breakout heading and the PM has set the MCP:

Pilot Flying Pilot Monitoring

 reengage the autopilot if desired  make MCP and configuration changes as requested
 call for or set the speed bug to the appropriate by the Pilot Flying
airspeed for the planned flap setting
 call for Flaps 20 if the flaps are at 25 or 30
 call for Gear Up if the landing gear is down
 retract flaps on schedule to the desired setting
 call for the After Takeoff checklist

All breakouts must be hand flown with the autothrottles on.

If performing a descending breakout, delay making configuration changes until level at the breakout altitude.
If the controller breakout is accompanied by a TCAS Resolution Advisory:
 follow vertical guidance from the Resolution Advisory
 follow horizontal guidance from the controller
(Sources: GS, NOI 3.5)

TERRAIN AVOIDANCE (Ground Proximity Cautions And Warnings)

If a Ground Proximity Caution occurs, correct the flight path or configuration. If a terrain caution occurs during day
VMC conditions and positive visual verification is made that no terrain hazard exists, the alert may be regarded as
cautionary and the approach may be continued.
Accomplish the following terrain avoidance maneuver for either of these conditions:
 a Ground Proximity “Pull Up” Warning of any kind
 unacceptable flight toward terrain
If a Ground Proximity Warning is received or if unacceptable flight toward terrain exists, simultaneously:
 disconnect the autopilot and autothrottles. Make sure the autothrottles do not re-engage and reduce power.
 aggressively apply max thrust. Firewall if the EECs are protecting the engines. If terrain contact is imminent,
firewall the throttles even if the EECs are not protecting the engines.
 simultaneously roll wings level and initially rotate toward 20º nose up
 do not follow flight director commands and do not engage Go-Around mode
 retract the speedbrakes if extended, but do not change gear or flap configuration
 if terrain remains a threat, continue rotation up to the PLI or stick shaker or initial buffet
The PM should call out the radio altitude and flight path trend. He should not call out the airspeed or actual vertical
speed, just the radio altitude in feet and whether the airplane is climbing or descending. (e.g. “Five hundred feet,
descending. Two hundred feet, climbing.”)
If appropriate, a gentle turn (10-15° of bank) may be initiated toward lower terrain displayed on the HSI.
In all cases, intermittent stick shaker or initial buffet is the upper limit. Do not stall.
If positive visual verification is made that no terrain hazard exists when flying under day VMC conditions prior to a
terrain warning, the alert may be regarded as cautionary and the approach may be continued.
(Sources: GS, FCTM Addendum 7.3-7.5)

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TRAFFIC AVOIDANCE (TCAS Advisories)
Comply with the Resolution Advisory (RA) if there is a conflict between the RA and ATC. Inform ATC of the
“TCAS Climb” or “TCAS Descent” as soon as practicable after responding and then, once clear of the conflict,
advise ATC when you are returning to your previously assigned clearance or to a subsequent amended clearance.
If an RA occurs during an ATC breakout from a PRM approach, however, follow the vertical guidance from TCAS
and the lateral guidance from the controller.
Once a Resolution Advisory has been issued, do not change vertical speed except to comply with the RA since a
TCAS-to-TCAS data link may be established with the intruder aircraft.
Do not follow flight director commands during an RA until clear of the conflict.
TCAS is unaware of aircraft performance limits. Recover from stalls immediately and adjust pitch if high speed
buffet is encountered. TCAS is also unaware of terrain and obstacles.
Be aware that an aircraft you see might not be the actual intruder aircraft.
Pilot actions following TCAS advisories:
 Traffic Advisory (TA) – look for the traffic and maneuver if necessary. Maneuvers based solely on a TA may
result in reduced separation and are not recommended.
 Resolution Advisory Except a Climb RA in Landing Configuration – disengage the autopilot and autothrottles
and smoothly adjust pitch and thrust to comply with the required vertical speed. Maintain planned lateral flight
path unless visual contact with the intruder is established and maneuvering is required.
 Climb RA in Landing Configuration – disengage the autopilot and autothrottles and advance power to
maximum thrust. Raise flaps to 20 and raise pitch to comply with the RA. Maintain the planned lateral flight
path unless visual contact with the intruder is established and maneuvering is required. Raise landing gear after
the PF calls out “Positive Rate.”
 do not follow a Descend RA issued below 1,000' AGL
(Sources: GS, NOI 3.5, FCTM Addendum 7.6-7.7)

ENGINE-OUT DRIFTDOWN
These are guidelines for an engine failure at cruise altitude in domestic airspace with VNAV engaged. For an
oceanic driftdown, follow the checklist on the Quick Reference Card instead.
 apply rudder and rudder trim. Step on the good engine and apply approximately 5 to 7 units of rudder trim and
then adjust as power changes.
 turn the A/T ARM switch off
 press CON on the TMSP to display Max Continuous Thrust on EICAS and manually adjust the throttle on the
operating engine to max continuous power
 set an altitude on the MCP panel that is below engine-out cruise altitude. FL200 may be used initially.
 select and execute the ENG OUT prompt on the FMC Cruise page
 with VNAV engaged, the airplane will begin an engine-out driftdown at engine-out airspeed
 do not execute the ENG OUT prompt prior to setting a lower altitude in the MCP window or the autopilot will
engage in Altitude Hold and the airspeed will decrease rapidly. If you do make this error, just set a lower
altitude in the MCP window and press VNAV to engage VNAV Speed.
 engine-out airspeed and max engine-out altitude for that airspeed will be displayed on the EO D/D page on the
FMC. Update the altitude on the MCP as needed.
 remain in Max Continuous Thrust after level off until the airplane accelerates to single-engine long range
cruise airspeed and then maintain airspeed with manual thrust adjustments
 complete the non-normal checklist in the QRH and determine a new course of action. Landing at the nearest
suitable airport is required after an engine failure.
(Sources: GS, QRH 0.5, FCTM 4.16-4.17)

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WINDSHEAR ESCAPE MANEUVER (“Push – Push – Click – Click”)
For a Predictive Windshear Caution (“Monitor Radar Display”), maneuver as required to avoid the windshear. If the
caution occurs on takeoff prior to V1, abort the takeoff.
For a Predictive Windshear Warning (“Windshear Ahead”):
 if prior to V1, abort the takeoff
 if after takeoff, perform the Windshear Escape Maneuver
 if on approach, perform the Windshear Escape Maneuver or a normal go-around at the pilot’s discretion
See the section on Rejected Takeoff for an explanation of Predictive Windshear inhibits on takeoff. Not all aircraft
have Predictive Windshear installed.

The following are indications the airplane is encountering windshear (“Airplane in Windshear”):
 unacceptable flight path deviations recognized as uncontrolled changes from normal steady state flight
conditions below 1,000 feet AGL in excess of any of the following:
 ± 15 knots indicated airspeed
 ± 500 fpm vertical speed
 ± 5 degrees pitch attitude
 1 dot displacement from the glideslope
 unusual thrust lever position for a significant period of time
 Windshear Warning (a two-tone siren followed by “Windshear, Windshear, Windshear”)

If windshear is encountered:
 if windshear is encountered on takeoff prior to V1, there may not be sufficient runway remaining to stop if an
RTO is initiated at V1. At VR, rotate at a normal rate toward a 15 º pitch attitude. Once airborne, perform the
Windshear Escape Maneuver.
 if windshear is encountered near the normal rotation speed on takeoff and airspeed suddenly decreases, there
may not be sufficient runway left to accelerate back to normal takeoff speed. If there is insufficient runway left
to stop, initiate a normal rotation at least 2,000 feet before the end of the runway even if airspeed is low.
Higher than normal attitudes may be required to lift off in the remaining runway. Ensure max thrust is set.
 if windshear is encountered in flight, perform the Windshear Escape Maneuver

To perform the Windshear Escape Maneuver, simultaneously:

 Push – push either G/A switch. When engaged, go-around mode will provide windshear guidance on the flight
director when necessary. An airplane in windshear warning is not required.
 Push – aggressively apply max thrust. Firewall if the EECs are protecting the engines. If terrain contact is
imminent, firewall the throttles even if the EECs are not protecting the engines.
 Click – disconnect the autothrottles. Do not push G/A again after the autothrottles are disconnected because
the autothrottles may re-engage and retard the thrust levers.
 Click – disconnect the autopilot. Roll wings level, rotate toward 15º nose up and then follow flight director
guidance if available.
 retract the speedbrakes if extended but do not change gear or flap configuration
The PM should call out the radio altitude and flight path trend. He should not call out the airspeed or actual vertical
speed, just the radio altitude in feet and whether the airplane is climbing or descending. (e.g. “Five hundred feet,
descending. Two hundred feet, climbing.”)
Do not attempt to regain lost airspeed until out of the windshear.
If following flight director guidance does not stop the sink rate and ground impact is a factor, increase pitch to
slightly below the PLI. The PLI indicates stick shaker and just below the PLI is L/D Max.
Respect the stick shaker. Intermittent stick shaker or initial buffet is the upper limit. Do not stall.

Once safely out of the windshear there are several ways to return the aircraft to normal flight but one method that
works in all phases of flight (after takeoff, on departure, and on approach) is to pull the throttles back to
approximately straight up, manually set the pitch to 15º nose up, and call for:
 Climb Power
 Flight Level Change
 bug the desired airspeed
 retract the gear and retract flaps on the speed schedule as necessary

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Climb Power will break Throttle Hold if the windshear occurred right after takeoff. Flight Level Change and setting
the desired airspeed (e.g. Flaps 5 speed) in the MCP window will reprogram the pitch mode of the flight director
to seek the altitude in the MCP window and reengage the autothrottles.
Retract the gear and flaps on the speed schedule using caution not to overspeed the flaps.
Be aware that on a windshear recovery with the airplane in the landing configuration (Flaps 25 or 30), raising the
gear prior to retracting the flaps to 20 will cause a configuration warning siren. Try to remember to call for Flaps
20 prior to raising the gear but if you get the warning siren, just retract the flaps and it will stop.
Report the windshear to the controlling agency using the word “PIREP.”
(Sources: GS, FCTM Addendum 3.9 and 7.10-7.12)

RAPID DESCENT (“Spin – Push – Spin – Pull”)

This maneuver is designed to bring the airplane down smoothly to a safe altitude in minimum time with the least
possible passenger discomfort.
If the descent is performed because of a loss of cabin pressure, crewmembers should don oxygen masks and
establish crew communications at the first indication of loss of pressurization. Verify the cabin pressure is
uncontrollable, and if so, begin descent. Complete the Cabin Altitude or Rapid Depressurization checklist in the
QRH which includes pushing and holding the Passenger Oxygen switch for one second.
Use of the autopilot is recommended and the autothrottles should be left engaged.
 Spin – spin the MCP altitude to a lower altitude. Use caution! The initial descent altitude over mountainous
terrain could be much higher than 10,000 feet.
 Push – push Flight Level Change
 Spin – spin the airspeed up to Mmo/Vmo and adjust to maintain a target speed of Mmo/Vmo.
 Pull – pull the speedbrake lever
Be deliberate and methodical. Do not rush and do not be distracted from flying the airplane.
If structural integrity is in doubt, limit airspeed and avoid high maneuvering loads. Normally the landing gear is left
up but, if structural integrity is in doubt and airspeed must be limited, extending the landing gear may provide a
more satisfactory descent rate. Comply with landing gear placard speeds.
Use engine anti-ice and thrust as required if icing conditions are encountered.
Reduce airspeed to turbulent air penetration speed (290 KIAS/.78 M, whichever is lower) if severe turbulence is
encountered or expected.
The PM should check the lowest safe altitude, notify ATC, obtain a descent clearance and an altimeter setting.
The lowest safe altitude and escape procedure are published for Restricted Critical Terrain routes, but for flights
over other mountainous terrain (e.g. the Rockies near Denver), pilots must determine the initial lowest safe altitude
from the Grid MORA on the high chart and then find a suitable low altitude airway with an MEA below 10,000
feet on the low chart. Have the charts open and available.
The PM should call out 2,000 feet above and 1,000 feet above the selected level off altitude.
Level off at the lowest safe altitude or 10,000 feet, whichever is higher, and maintain approximately 300 knots or
Long Range Cruise speed.
Make a PA when the descent is complete and oxygen is no longer required. Request cabin and passenger status.
On some blended winglet airplanes, speedbrakes may automatically retract to the 50% position when airspeed
exceeds 330 knots (757) or 320 knots (767). If this occurs, do not extend the speedbrake lever beyond the 50%
position until airspeed is less than 325 knots (757) or 315 knots (767).
To avoid overspeeding the airplane, use caution when retracting the speedbrakes during descent or level off when
close to Mmo/Vmo. Retract the speedbrakes very slowly or, preferably, reduce airspeed first and then retract the
speedbrakes.
(Sources: GS, QRH 2.1-2.2, FTCM 7.6-7.9)

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SMOKE AND FUMES
Warning: Do not activate the passenger oxygen system. It provides no smoke protection for passengers as it mixes
oxygen with cabin air. It is also an extreme fire hazard.
It must be stressed that for smoke that continues or a fire that cannot be positively confirmed to be completely
extinguished, the earliest possible descent, landing, and evacuation must be accomplished.
If a smoke, fire or fumes situation becomes uncontrollable, the flight crew should consider an immediate landing.
Immediate landing implies immediate diversion to a runway. However, in a severe situation, the flight crew should
consider an overweight landing, a tailwind landing, an off-airport landing, or a ditching.
At the beginning of any smoke, fire or fumes event crews should always consider the following:
 protecting themselves (e.g. oxygen masks)
 communicating (flight attendants and ATC)
 diverting
 assessing the situation and available resources
If smoke, fire or fumes are associated with an annunciated checklist (e.g. cargo fire), accomplish that checklist prior
to the Smoke, Fire or Fumes checklist or the Smoke or Fumes Removal checklist.
Many smoke, fire or fumes events involve aircraft equipment or materials readily accessible. Rapid, positive
extinguishing of the source is the key to preventing escalation of the event. Confirmation that the situation has
been resolved is critical. Do not consider flight continuation unless the source is positively identified, confirmed to
be extinguished and the smoke and/or fumes are decreasing.
It may not always be possible to accurately identify the smoke, fire or fumes source due to ambiguous cues, such as
multiple sources. It also may not be possible to determine the difference between electrical smoke or fumes and air
conditioning smoke or fumes by sense of smell. The source identification and elimination steps in the Smoke, Fire
or Fumes checklist will systematically remove the most probable sources.
Inordinate depowering of airplane systems is not likely to benefit an unknown smoke, fire or fumes situation. Such
action significantly reduces airplane capabilities without commensurate likelihood of depowering the source.

The following information is critical to survival in a smoke or fumes situation:

Pilots should remain at their stations to fly the aircraft, coordinate with ATC, and accomplish the checklists. The
incapacitation of a pilot fighting a fire would seriously complicate the situation.
After making a preliminary assessment of the smoke, fire or fumes source, the flight crew is reminded that a
diversion may be necessary. Landing at the nearest suitable airport is required if smoke or fire continues. For
smoke that continues or a fire that cannot be positively confirmed to be completely extinguished, the earliest
possible descent, landing and evacuation must be accomplished.
The flight crew should don the oxygen mask anytime smoke, fire or fumes are detected on the flight deck. If smoke,
fire or fumes are detected in another part of the aircraft, flight crew judgment will determine if and when the
oxygen masks are donned.
For a cabin smoke, fire or fumes situation, continuous communications between the flight crew and a designated
flight attendant is essential. Flight attendants should be directed to inspect the entire cabin in an attempt to locate
the smoke, fire or fumes source. Passengers should be moved away from the source.
Without delay or analysis, perform the initial steps of the Smoke, Fire or Fumes checklist to remove the most
probable sources. The flight crew should attempt to identify and eliminate the source, and visually confirm it is
extinguished and the smoke and/or fumes are decreasing.
The Smoke or Fumes Removal checklist should be accomplished only when the smoke or fumes are the greatest
threat or when the source is confirmed to be extinguished. The Smoke or Fumes Removal checklist may change
the airflow and make the situation worse by fanning or masking the ignition source.
(Sources: GS, QRH NNCI 1.6, FCTM Addendum 8.8-8.10)

THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

Crew Resource Management (CRM) skills are divided into seven broad categories: Communication, Workload
Management, Planning, Situational Awareness, Decision Making, Threat and Error Management, and Professional
Management. This section provides a brief description of Delta’s Threat and Error Management (TEM) program.
Threat and Error Management involves proactively identifying threats and errors and then managing those threats
and errors before they impact safety of flight.

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Threats can be divided into two main types, expected and unexpected, and each type can be further divided into
operational and latent.
 expected operational threats are things like adverse weather, MCOs, challenging approaches and terrain. Since
they are expected, they can be mitigated during the WARTS and NATS briefings.
 expected latent threats are things like fatigue after a short layover and complacency on a routine takeoff from
home plate
 unexpected operational threats are things like abnormals, security issues and medical issues
 unexpected latent threats are things like creeping fatigue on a long flight, similar sounding call signs, and
slipping into complacency
An error is an action or inaction that leads to deviations from desired intentions or expectations. Error management
is the process of understanding that errors will occur and emphasizing vigilance and effective monitoring so they
are identified and mitigated. The best way to mitigate and trap errors is through strict adherence to checklists,
policies and procedures and by aggressive monitoring by the PM. Research shows it is essential for the PM to take
an active, assertive role.
The best way to mitigate expected threats is through prior planning and good briefings. Verbalize threats, both
operational and latent, and how to mitigate them during the WARTS and NATS briefings. Be sure to brief the
highest threat on each flight segment, which could be a latent threat on some occasions.
Unexpected threats can be more challenging because they can’t be planned for in advance and must be handled as
they occur. The following sequence will help mitigate these unexpected threats:
1. Maintain aircraft control. Flying the airplane is the top priority. Stabilize the situation by completing any
immediate action items, diverting from the track, or whatever is needed. Use of automation is recommended.
2. Manage the workload. The Captain should divide the workload and assign duties. Normally, the PF should fly
the aircraft and work the radios while the PM maintains situational awareness, prioritizes and responds to
threats, runs checklists, coordinates with the expanded team and so on. Research shows that more errors are
made when the Captain attempts to fly the airplane and manage the situation at the same time. In fact, an
NTSB study showed that from 1979 to 1994 the Captain was PF during 81% of aircraft incidents. As a general
rule, there will be fewer errors if the First Officer flies the airplane while the Captain manages the situation.
3. Make a decision. The Captain must determine the criticality of the highest threat and decide on a course of
action and then inform the expanded team of his decision.
Unexpected threats can be divided into two categories, Time and No Time. As the names imply, Time threats are
threats that allow time to evaluate the situation prior to action. No Time threats, on the other hand, are threats that
must be handled quickly. There is little or no time for evaluation before deciding on a course of action. In general,
the breakdown is as follows:
 No Time Threats are fire, smoke, security issues and confirmed medical emergencies
 Time Threats are everything else
Use T-P-C as a process for dealing with Unexpected Time threats:
T – Time. Get more of it. Slow down, hold or request delay vectors.
P – Plan. Create a plan using the QRH, other crewmembers, ATC and Dispatch.
C – Communicate. Use the standard “two-in, two-out” to inform everybody of the plan.
With a No Time threat, skip the “T” because there isn’t any time and go right to the Plan:
P – Plan B, which you already made. More on that below
C – Communicate. Use the standard “two-in, two-out” again
In reference to Plan B, you should always know where your best divert fields are for takeoff, cruise and landing and
have a plan of action in mind if a No Time event occurs. Be aware, however, that the decision to divert and the
selected divert field should normally be a joint decision with the Dispatcher and STAT-MD in the event of a
medical emergency.
In a No Time situation requiring a divert, the Captain may say to the F/O, “You have the aircraft and radios. Declare
an emergency and take us to (the divert field), the longest landing runway, 10 mile final, 200 knots. Go as fast as
you’re comfortable, but no faster. If you have any questions or problems, do whatever it takes to get my attention.”
You may also consider having the Flight Attendants brief the passengers and ATC inform the Company.
(Source: FOM Chapter 12)

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 Callout Summary

NORMAL TAKEOFF PROFILE

At 70% N1/ 1.1 EPR minimum: “N1” or “EPR.” [PF]
At 80 knots: “80 knots, Throttle Hold, Thrust Normal.” [PM]
At appropriate speeds: “V1 . . . Rotate.” [PM]
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
At 400' RA: Verify LNAV or “Heading Select.” [PF]
At 1,000' AFE: “Climb Power.” [PF]
On a Flaps 15 or Flaps 20 takeoff, when 20 knots below the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 5.” [PF]
At the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 1.” [PF]
At 20 knots below the second SWB and accelerating: “Flaps Up, After Takeoff Checklist.” [PF]

TAKEOFF WITH VNAV INOPERATIVE

At 1,000' AFE: “Flight Level Change, Bug Clean Speed, Climb Power.” [PF]
At 2,500' AFE: “Bug 250 knots.” [PF]

IF FLAPS DO NOT RETRACT AFTER TAKEOFF

“Flight Level Change, Bug 180 knots.” [PF]

LOW ALTITUDE HOLD DOWN

“Climb Power, Bug Clean Speed, Autothrottles – Speed.” [PF] (CBS)

TWO ENGINE GO-AROUND

“Go-Around.” [Captain]
“Flaps 20.” [PF]
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
At 400' RA: “Heading Select” or “LNAV.” [PF]
At 1,000' AFE: “Bug Flaps 5 Speed.” [PF]
At 20 knots below the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 5.” [PF]
“After Takeoff Checklist.” [PF]

ENGINE FAILURE ON TAKEOFF (V1 Cut)

After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
At 400' RA: “Heading Select, Declare an Emergency and Request Runway Heading.” [PF]
At 1,000' AFE: “Vertical Speed +200, Disarm VNAV.” [PF]
On a Flaps 15 or Flaps 20 takeoff, when 20 knots below the first SWB and accelerating: “Flaps 5.” [PF]
At the first SWB: “Flight Level Change, Bug Flaps 5 Speed, Select and Set Continuous Power.” [PF]
“Autothrottles Off, Autopilot On.” [PF]
“After Takeoff Checklist, Engine Failure Checklist.” [PF]
“Descent Checklist, Approach Checklist.” [PF]

SINGLE ENGINE GO-AROUND

“Go-Around.” [Captain]
“Flaps 5.” [PF]
After baro altimeter increase: “Positive Rate.” [PM]
After confirming baro altimeter increase: “Gear Up.” [PF]
At 400' RA: “Stay in Go-Around” or “Heading Select” or “LNAV.” [PF]
At 1,000' AFE: “Bug Flaps 5 Speed.” [PF]
“After Takeoff Checklist.” [PF]

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 Autoland

Flaps Extended  Arms Go-Around

 Displays Pitch Limit Indicator
 Ignition to selected igniters if Auto is selected on the Engine Start Panel

Approach Mode Selected  Arms G/S and LOC

 Arms the two remaining autopilots
 Bus separation (The center autopilot is powered by the battery/standby
system instead of the left main system.)

Localizer Capture  MCP heading and HSI heading bug slue to the inbound course
 ILS frequency change is inhibited
 ADI LOC scale expands when within ½ dot of the Localizer

Glideslope Capture  Arms Go-Around if G/S capture precedes flap extension

 ILS frequency change is inhibited if G/S capture precedes LOC capture

1500' RA  The two remaining autopilots engage

 Flare and Rollout armed
 Autopilot rudder control engages
 LAND 2 or LAND 3 is displayed on the ASA

500' RA  Runway alignment begins. The autopilot will de-crab the airplane.

330' RA  On the 757-200, two units of nose-up trim are applied if LAND 2 is
annunciated. (100' RA on the 757-300 and 767)

200' RA  Rising Runway symbol comes into view

 Bus Isolation (In the event of a generator failure, the Bus Tie Breakers
prevent a single generator from powering both the left and right AC busses.
The affected bus and autopilot remain unpowered unless the APU is running.)
 ASA is inhibited from changing to NO LAND 3, but can change to NO
AUTOLAND

45' RA  Flare Capture on the 757 (50' RA on the 767)

25' RA  Autothrottles retard to idle on the 757-200 (30' RA on the 757-300 and
15' RA on the 767)

5' RA  Rollout Capture

 Autopilot levels the wings
 Go-Around inhibited after 2 seconds at 5' RA or below

Touchdown  Autothrottles disengage when reverse thrust is selected

 Rollout mode remains active until autopilots are disengaged. The autopilots
use rudder and nosewheel steering to track the runway centerline.

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 Facts and Figures
References
AIM = Aeronautical Info Manual AM = Airway Manual Q = QRH
NP = Volume 1 Normal Procedures F = FOM II = Volume 2
NOI = Volume 1 Normal Ops Info T = FCTM GS = Ground School/Other
SP = Volume 1 Supplementary Procedures TA = FCTM Addendum

Abeam Points Waypoint Position Reporting will automatically send position reports SP 5.54
at every DAL POSN RPT fix on the flight plan provided the airplane SP 5.74
actually passes over the fix. If the fix is bypassed with a direct
routing, manually send a position report with the COMPANY SEND
prompt as soon as possible after passing abeam the fix. Do not send
the report early.
ACARS Digital ATIS If the Digital ATIS altimeter setting numeric value (e.g. 29.82) and SP 5.1
alpha value (e.g. two niner eight two) are different, the crew must not SP 5.40
accept the altimeter setting.
ACARS Flight Summary Do not manually send the ACARS FLT SUMMARY report after block NP 20.77
in. The report will automatically send after 5 minutes.
ACARS Flight Summary Enter an employee number or some other value (e.g. 999999) in the SP 5.31
Employee Number for Takeoff field so engineering can validate the
takeoff power setting. (So they know a pilot completed the page with
real data instead of ACARS default data.) Employee Number for
Landing is currently not required.
ACARS Fuel Boarded Enter 0 in this field if an EFSR is received. SP 5.13
ACARS Inop If ACARS is inop, crews should report out, off, on and in times to F 3.4.1
Atlanta radio via phone or radio.
ACARS In-Range Report Fill in the total number of wheelchairs required at the destination and SP 5.27
any unaccompanied minors that are not already listed on the Flight
Attendant Departure Report.
ACARS Maintenance Menu Do not attempt to fix the ACARS by accessing the MAINT MENU Q 5.9
submenu on the MAIN MENU page. That submenu requires special
training and is for Avionics Techs only.
ACARS Sports Scores Use the address ATLXGDL on the Other page and enter a free text SP 5.36
message to receive sports scores from Atlanta Radio.
ACARS Sports Scores When you request sports scores from ATLXGDL, be sure to put the GS
word “scores” in the message. If you do, the message will be
automatically routed to Atlanta Radio operators who will provide the
scores. If you don’t, the message will only go to the Dispatcher who
will have to forward it.
Administrative Duties Administrative duties should be completed during cruise and avoided F 3.2.3
from takeoff to top of climb and from top of descent until clear of all
runways.
After landing, no administrative duties (e.g. calling Ops) should be
performed until clear of all active runways.
AIRMETS and SIGMETS Delta is not required to distribute Federal Government products such as AM 4-5
AIRMETS, SIGMETS, Center Weather Advisories, etc.
They may be used as secondary sources of information, but TPs are AM 4-31
prevailing.
Airport Elevation The highest point on an airport’s usable runways measured in feet AM 3
above mean sea level. In a few countries, the airport elevation is
determined at the Airport Reference Point.
Airport Reference Point A point on the airport designated as the official airport location. AM 3

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Airport Types An airport may not be compatible with your aircraft. Time permitting, AM 8-13
contact the Dispatcher and consult the Airport Authorization List in
the Airway Manual Chapter 8 to determine the suitability of any
divert airport.
 Online: regularly served by Delta (at least one airplane type) AM 8-12
 Offline: not regularly served by Delta
 Emergency: emergency airports should only be used when a
specific emergency exists and the flight cannot continue to an
online or offline airport AM 8-30
If conditions such as fire or continuous smoke and/or fumes exist, any
available airport or landing surface can be used.
Airside Kits Verify required coverage is on board prior to departure. F 3.2.2
Make an entry on the status card if a chart is missing.
Notify the dispatcher if less than two copies remain on the flight deck.
Be sure to count the charts in both pilot kits and the alternate kit.
Only one copy is required for departure.
Airspeed Bugs on Landing DWB at Vref 25/30 and SWBs at Vref 30 + 40 and Vref 30 + 80. NP 20.62
Vref 25/30 + any applicable wind additives in the IAS/MACH
window.
Airspeed Bugs on Non-Normals If a non-normal checklist requires a final approach airspeed different GS
from our normal Flaps 25 or Flaps 30 airspeed (e.g. single engine or
a flap/slat problem), set the airspeed bugs as soon as you read about
it in the QRH so you don’t inadvertently set the wrong airspeed later.
Airspeed Bugs on Takeoff V2 in the IAS/MACH window. NP 20.50
SWBs at V1, VR, Vref 30 + 40 and Vref 30 + 80.
Airspeed Limits (US) 250 KIAS below 10,000' MSL within 12 nm of the coast. AM 11-NA-
200 KIAS, or minimum speed if greater than 200 knots, at or below 27
2,500' AGL within 4 nm of the primary airport in Class C or D
airspace unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC.
200 KIAS or clean speed or minimum speed, whichever is greater,
below Class B airspace or in a Class B VFR corridor.
Airway Course For airways, the displayed FMS course may not be identical to the SP 11.20
charted value.
Alternate Airport Estimate Enter the alternate as the Destination on Progress page 1. SP 11.18
Estimates are for present position direct.
Alternate Page The ALTN page in a Pegasus FMS shows four alternate airports listed GS
in order of ETA. The airports are either automatically selected by the
FMS or may be manually entered, such as ETOPS alternates or filed
alternates. Be aware that since the ALTN page is only updated when
crossing an active waypoint, the closest alternate may not always be
at the top of the page.
Alternate Required After FAR 121 does not prohibit a flight from continuing to its destination F 5.1.7
Takeoff without an alternate once the flight has departed and weather
conditions deteriorate to the point where an alternate would have
been required for dispatch. The Captain and Dispatcher should
discuss the situation and agree to continue to the destination
however.

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Alternate Requirements F 5.1.5
Takeoff Alternate A takeoff alternate is required if you are unable to return to the airfield
of departure for a CAT I or better approach (precision or non-
precision). The alternate must be within one hour in still air with an
engine out.

Driftdown Alternate A driftdown alternate is required when the aircraft is unable to clear all
terrain along the intended route by 1,000 feet with an engine
inoperative.

Destination Alternate A destination alternate is required when: F 5.1.6

 IFR/NO ALTN requirements cannot be satisfied
 on an international flight plan longer than 6 hours regardless of
weather. If the flight is a planned redispatch and a segment is
under 6 hours, however, an alternate does not have to be named
for that segment unless required by weather or other
circumstances.

Domestic IFR/NO ALTN No alternate is required if, for the ETA ±1 hour, the ceiling is reported
or forecast to be at least 2,000 feet and the visibility is reported or
forecast to be at least 3 sm. (“1-2-3” rule.)

Exemption 10332 CAT I No alternate is required if, for the ETA ±1 hour, the ceiling will be at
Domestic Only least 1,000 feet above the airport elevation, the visibility will be at
least 3 sm, a CAT I ILS is available, and no thunderstorms are
forecast. (“1-1-3, CAT I, no TRWs” rule.)

Exemption 10332 CAT II/III No alternate is required if, for the ETA ±1 hour, the ceiling will be at
Domestic Only least 1,000 feet above the airport elevation, the visibility will be at
least 2 sm, and a CAT II or CAT III ILS is available, and no
thunderstorms are forecast. (“1-1-2, CAT II/III, no TRWs” rule.)

International IFR/NO ALTN No alternate is required if, for the ETA ±1 hour, the ceiling is reported F 5.1.7
Six Hours or Less or forecast to be at least 2,000 feet or 1,500 feet above the lowest
HAT/HAA, whichever is greater, and the visibility is reported or
forecast to be at least 3 sm or 2 sm above the lowest required
visibility, whichever is greater. Some authorities require an alternate
regardless of flight time however.

Alternate Weather Weather minimums for filing alternates are derived using the Alternate F 5.1.8
Requirements Airport Minimums Tables in the Airway Manual Chapter 3.
If there is no applicable IFR approach, forecast ceiling and visibility
must permit a descent from the MEA to land under VFR.
Altimetry Transition altitude is the altitude climbing through which the altimeters AM 3-51
must be set to 29.92 InHG or 1013 hPA (QNE).
Transition level is the flight level descending through which the
altimeters must be reset to the local altimeter setting (QNH).
Hectopascals (hPA) has superseded millibars (MB) at most locations,
but millibars may still be used in some places.
When the pressure setting is reported in hectopascals or millibars and
below 1,000 hectopascals or millibars, all read-backs, altimeter
setting checklist challenges and responses shall include the word
“hectopascals” or “millibars” respectively.

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Anti-Ice SP 16.1
Icing Conditions Icing conditions exist when OAT (on the ground) or TAT (in flight) is
10°C or below and:
 visible moisture (clouds, fog with visibility less than 1 statute
mile (1600 m), rain, snow, sleet, ice crystals) is present, or
 ice, snow, slush or standing water is present on the ramps,
taxiways or runways
Anti-Ice SP 16.10
Wing Anti-Ice – Inflight Only Wing anti-ice is inhibited on the ground on all airplanes.
Ice accumulation on or near the windscreen can be used as an
indication of airframe icing.
For aircraft with wing anti-ice selectors, wing anti-ice is automatic
inflight through the ice detection system.
For aircraft with wing anti-ice switches and an ice detection system
installed, if the Icing light and ICE DET ON EICAS message
illuminate, visually check for indications of airframe icing. If present,
follow the wing anti-ice procedures below.
Some aircraft with wing anti-ice switches do not have an ice detection Differences
system installed. On those aircraft, visually monitor for indications of
airframe icing. If present, follow wing anti-ice procedures below.
If airframe icing is present and the aircraft does not have an automatic SP 16.10
anti-ice system:
 turn the wing anti-ice switch on for 5 minutes and then turn it off
 if airframe icing is still present after turning the switch off, wait 5
minutes and turn it back on for 5 minutes
 continue 5 minute on, 5 minute off cycles until indications of
airframe icing no longer exist
 if installed, illumination of the ICE DET OFF EICAS message
and extinguishing of the Icing light indicates airframe icing
conditions no longer exist.
Do not use wing anti-ice when TAT is above 10ºC.
Anti-Ice SP 16.4
Engine Anti-Ice – Ground Engine anti-ice must be selected On (not Auto) immediately after
engine start and remain on during all ground operations when icing
conditions exist or are anticipated except when the temperature is
below -40°C OAT. (The automatic system, if installed, is inhibited
on the ground.)
Do not wait for visual indications of ice. Use at all times during icing
conditions to avoid engine damage or failure.
During single-engine taxi, operate only one pack with the APU bleed
valve closed.
For airplanes with an Auto selector, turn engine anti-ice on after
landing in icing conditions. (The automatic system is inhibited on the
ground and the anti-ice valve will close after landing if the selector is
in Auto.)

Engine Anti-Ice – Inflight Engine anti-ice must be Auto or ON during all flight operations when SP 16.9
icing conditions exist or are anticipated except during climb and
cruise when the temperature is below -40°C SAT. Engine anti-ice
must be Auto or ON prior to and during descent in icing conditions
even when the temperature is below -40°C SAT.
For aircraft without the automatic system, do not wait for visual
indications of ice. Use engine anti-ice at all times during icing
conditions to avoid engine damage or failure.

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Anti-Ice Do not use engine anti-ice when OAT (on the ground) is above 10°C. SP 16.1
Do not use engine or wing anti-ice when TAT (in flight) is above
10°C.
Anti-Ice (757) On the 757, when engine anti-ice will be required and OAT is 3°C or SP 16.3
below, perform a visual check for ice buildup on the first stage of the
low pressure compressor (LPC) stator. Refer to SP 16.3 for a graphic.
Anti-Ice (757-300) On 757-300 aircraft, the flaps up maneuver margin to stick shaker is SP 16.11
reduced if wing anti-ice is on. Additional airspeed (up to 5 knots)
may be added to the flaps up maneuvering speed to ensure full
maneuver margin.
Anti-Ice Engine Run Ups SP 16.5
Ground When engine anti-ice is on and the OAT is 3°C (37°F) or below,
perform engine run ups during ground operations (taxi out, ground
holding, taxi in) to minimize ice build-up.
 757 – run up the engines to a minimum of 50% N1 for one
second every 15 minutes. The time interval may be extended to
30 minutes if operationally necessary. If the 30 minute limit is
exceeded, the engine must be shut down and inspected for ice. Do
not exceed 40% N1 prior to shut down and inspection.
 767 with P&W Engines – run up the engines to a minimum of SP 16.6
50% N1 for one second every 15 minutes
 767 with GE Engines – run up the engines to a minimum of
60% N1 for 30 seconds every 30 minutes

Takeoff A standing takeoff is required when the engine anti-ice is on. Hold the SP 16.8
brakes and make a static run up to as high a thrust setting as practical
(60% N1 desired) and ensure all engine indications are normal before
releasing brakes. This applies to all aircraft.

Inflight Domestic 767s with GE engines: SP 16.9

 maintain N1 at or above the TAI reference bug (45% N1 at or
above 10,000' and 40% N1 below 10,000') except as required for
landing. A 3% tolerance is permitted with autothrottles on.
767ERs with GE engines:
 avoid prolonged operation in moderate to severe icing conditions
 during flight in moderate to severe icing conditions for prolonged
periods with N1 below 70% or if fan icing is suspected due to
high engine vibration, increase thrust on one engine at a time to a
minimum of 70% N1 for 10-30 seconds every 10 minutes
Anti-Ice Engine Run Ups Ground operation in icing conditions without the required engine run- SP 16.5
ups may result in severe engine damage and possible surge. SP 16.6
Anti-Ice on Preflight Check Engine anti-ice – Off or Auto (manual or auto system, as installed) NP 20.21
Wing anti-ice – Off (both manual and automatic systems)
Anti-Ice on Single-Engine Taxi During single-engine taxi with engine anti-ice on, operate only one SP 16.4
pack. SP 16.12
Anti-Ice on Taxi In On airplanes with automatic anti-ice systems, the engine anti-ice must GS
be turned on after landing because the automatic system is inhibited
on the ground.
On airplanes with manual anti-ice systems, the wing anti-ice Valve
lights will illuminate after landing with wing anti-ice on because the
wing anti-ice valves will automatically close and disagree with the
commanded position. For both manual and automatic systems, turn
the wing anti-ice off after landing.

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Anti-Icing Anti-icing is a precautionary procedure that provides protection against SP 16.16
the formation of frost or ice and the accumulation of snow or slush
on treated surfaces of the aircraft for a limited period of time
(holdover time).
Deicing Deicing is the procedure for removing frost, ice, slush or snow from
the aircraft in order to provide clean surfaces.
Anti-Icing Clean Aircraft Takeoff is prohibited when frost, ice, snow or slush is adhering to the SP 16.17
Concept wings, control surfaces, engine inlets or other critical surfaces of the
aircraft.
Do not rely on airflow during takeoff roll to remove frozen
precipitation that may be adhering to the aircraft.
Anti-Icing Fluids SP 16.31
Loss of Effectiveness (All) Any ice, frost or snow on top of the fluid.
Fluids normally fail first on the leading or trailing edge of the wing,
but will fail first at mid-chord if the airplane is pointing downwind.

Type I Frozen precipitation will begin to accumulate just as if the surface was
untreated.

Type II and IV Gray or white appearance and buildup of ice crystals on or in the fluid. SP 16.32
Progressive surface freezing.
Snow accumulation.
Dulling of surface reflectivity (loss of gloss or orange peel
appearance).
Ice buildup on the life raft attach points, if installed.
Anti-Icing Fluids Generally, Type I, II and IV fluids are considered to have the same SP 16.27
effect on braking and steering as water.
Anti-Icing Fluids If no specific fluid manufacturer and type is identified in the post SP 16.34
de/anti-icing report, or if there is no specific holdover table for the
fluid used, or if there is any doubt as to the exact product applied,
crewmembers must default to the FAA generic holdover table.
Anti-Icing Fluids If Type IV fluid was used for overnight protection, it must be SP 16.22
completely removed with Type I fluid prior to departure.
Anti-Icing Fluids It is very difficult to distinguish de/anti-icing fluid from hydraulic fluid SP 16.27
since both have a similar texture and color. Contact local
maintenance or MCC through the Dispatcher if residual fluid is
observed and cannot be identified.
Anti-Icing Fluids Non-certified de/anti-icing fluids may be found at certain international SP 16.26
stations, offline stations and at military bases.
Non-certified Type I fluid is not authorized for takeoff during active
icing conditions. Contact the Dispatcher if used.
Non-certified Type II and Type IV fluids are not authorized under any
circumstances.
Approach Ban The final approach segment of any instrument approach procedure AM 3-32
shall not be initiated unless the visibility conditions are reported to be
at or above the minimum authorized for the approach. (You must
have the “weather to the feather.”)
All approaches with less than ½ statute mile or 800 meters visibility
require the use of RVR.
Approach Categories 757-200: Category C AM 3-33
757-300 and 767: Category D
Circling: Category D or highest speed minimums AM 3-34
RNAV (RNP): Category D or highest speed minimums NOI 3.13

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Approach Charts with Limited Some foreign approach charts have “full” and “limited” minimums. AM 3-37
Approach Minima Delta is authorized to use full minimums provided a flight director or
autopilot is used to DA(H) or until the appropriate visual references
are obtained.
Touchdown zone and/or centerline lights may be inoperative or not
installed..
Limited minimums do not apply to Delta operations.
Approach Clearance When cleared for an approach via a radar vector to a published route AM 3-101
segment of the approach, maintain the last assigned altitude until
intercepting a published segment and then comply with the minimum
altitude as published on that segment.
Approach Minimums Verbalize “Radio” or “Baro,” as appropriate, on the Descent checklist. NP 20.65
Approach Mode Arm Approach mode on an ILS when established on an intercept NP 20.68
heading or track to final, cleared for the approach, and all step down
altitudes located outside the Final Approach Fix are assured.
Approach Mode To deselect Approach mode: II
 If neither LOC or G/S has captured, push the APP switch again
 If LOC is captured and G/S is armed, select another roll mode
other than LNAV (e.g. Heading Select)
 If G/S is captured and LOC is armed, select another pitch mode
except LNAV (e.g. Altitude Hold)
 If both LOC and G/S have captured, select G/A mode or
disconnect the autopilot(s) and cycle the F/D switches
Approach Mode When cleared for an ILS approach, you may not descend below any GS
step-down altitudes prior to the FAF. In some cases, following the
glideslope prior to the “feather” will take you below step-down
altitudes and may result in a violation or unsafe terrain clearance. A
good technique is to fly the localizer while complying with the step-
down altitudes with VNAV (preferred), V/S or Flight Level Change
and then arm Approach mode at the feather. If you do intercept the
glideslope prior to the feather, monitor raw data to ensure
compliance with the step-down altitudes and deviate from the
glideslope if necessary.
When cleared for a visual approach to an airport in Class B airspace,
you must remain above the floor of the Class B during the approach.
In some cases, following the ILS glideslope prior to the feather will
take you below Class B and, once again, may result in a violation.
(LAS 25L/R and SLC 16L are two examples.) Therefore, even on a
visual approach, ensure compliance with the step-down altitudes on
the ILS approach plate. (Refer to the Visual Approach section in
Chapter 3 of the Airway Manual.)
Class B airspace is depicted on low altitude charts and area charts.
Approach Plates Publication of an approach plate in the Airway Manual does not AM 3-31
constitute authority to fly that approach. In some cases, unauthorized
approaches are printed on the reverse side of authorized approaches.
Approach Visibility On all approaches (CAT I, CAT II and CAT III), if the aircraft is AM 3-33
established on the final approach segment and the controlling AM 3-38
visibility decreases below the authorized minima, the approach may AM 3-40
be continued to the applicable AH/DH/MDA for the approach being
conducted.
Specific foreign country exceptions may apply.
APU Bleed If the APU is running and bleed air is not required, ensure the APU NP 20.23
bleed valve is closed for better fuel efficiency and lower EGT.

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APU Cancel Shutdown If the APU is turned off and the APU Run light is still illuminated II
(during the cool down), turning the switch to Start and releasing it to
On will cancel the shutdown signal and the APU will keep running.
APU Cold Soaked Start If required during an ETOPS flight, attempt to start the APU prior to SP 7.8
descent between FL270 and FL410 after at least two hours at cruise
altitude. Three start attempts are allowed. The APU must maintain
stable operating speed for at least 5 minutes to be considered a
successful start.
Record the following in the aircraft logbook:
 “APU Start Successful” or “APU Start Unsuccessful”
 number of start attempts required
 Static Air Temperature
 Flight Level
 peak EGT during start
APU Fault Reset Turn the APU selector Off, then On (not Start). If the fault light Q 7.11
remains illuminated, do not attempt to start the APU.
APU Fuel If AC power is available, the left forward fuel pump will operate and II
the PRESS light will be out if the APU is running regardless of pump
switch position.
APU Fuel Valve EICAS Turn the APU selector off. Do not attempt to start the APU. Q 7.11
Message
APU Hobbs Meter At the top of climb, input the time on the APU Hobbs meter (if NP 20.62
installed) in the Hours block of the ACARS Flight Summary page.
APU Inlet Door The APU inlet door must be free of snow and ice before APU start. SP 16.3
APU Inop for Pushback If the APU is inop and an engine was started at the gate with external II
power, the rampers will be unable to open the forward or aft cargo
doors to load late bags after pushback because the Ground Handling
bus will be unpowered. The Ground Handling bus can only be
powered on the ground by either external power or the APU. The
bulk cargo door on the 767 can be opened manually however.
APU Leaks There should be no leaks from the APU exhaust or drains. GS
APU Operation II
Start APU Up to max altitude (42,000' for the 757 or 43,000' for the 767)
Bleed Air Available Up to 17,000'
Electric Power Available Up to max altitude
APU Policy Start the APU approximately 5 minutes prior to pushback for all flights F 3.4.2
unless pre-conditioned air is unavailable or passenger comfort is
affected.
Upon arrival, flight crews should time the APU start so the APU
reaches operating speed just prior to the aircraft coming to a stop at
the gate. (Approximately one minute prior to gate arrival.)
The Captain should not depart the airplane with the APU running
unless all attempts to connect ground power have failed.
On terminating flights, flight crews should run the Secure checklist and
shut down the APU. A terminating flight is defined as the aircraft
remaining at the gate more than 2 hours from block-in to block-out
time. If ground power is not available, the crew will leave a dark
aircraft.
APU Shutdown Turn the APU selector off and wait until the Run light extinguishes NP 20.79
before turning off the battery.
APU Slush Ingestion Snow, slush or ice ingestion into the APU inlet duct while the APU is SP 16.43
running can cause serious damage. Ensure the APU inlet area is clear
before starting the APU.
APU Start The battery switch must be ON to start the APU. II

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APU Start To start the APU, hold the selector in Start for 3-5 seconds and then SP 6.2
slowly release to On.
Do not allow the APU selector to spring back to the On position.
Start and swap power to the APU five minutes prior to departure.
APU Starter Duty Cycle The APU starter duty cycle is a maximum of 3 consecutive starts or Limitations
start attempts within a 60-minute period.
Assumed Temperature Takeoffs Assumed temperature (reduced thrust) takeoffs are allowed after SP 16.7
de/anti-icing provided takeoff performance (AWABS) accounts for
the runway surface condition. Use the normal rotation rate.
Assumed Temperature Thrust If the Thrust Management Computer automatically reduces the SP 7.7
Rollback assumed temperature to a cooler value, accept the cooler value but
use the V speeds for the entered temperature. For example, if you
enter AT57 but the thrust rolls back to AT53, use AT53 thrust for
takeoff and the V speeds for AT57.
Log the actual temperature used in the logbook.
Augmented Crews All pilots will be awakened 60 minutes prior to landing and be at their F 3.2.9
duty stations no later than 45 minutes prior to landing and through
shutdown checklist completion.
Augmented Crews Each relieving crewmember must be briefed prior to assuming flight F 3.3.4
deck duties. The briefing will include pertinent information
pertaining to route, altitude, ATC status (radar contact, CPDLC,
WPR, etc.), fuel and time trends, weather, aircraft status, passenger
issues and issues requiring notification of the Captain.
Immediately after assuming flight deck duties, the relieving F 3.3.5
crewmember(s) will compare FMS coordinates/waypoints to the
clearance or flight plan as applicable.
Augmented Crews On four-pilot augmented crews, both Captains will sign the release F 3.1.5
signifying that while in the control seat they assume responsibility
for the safe conduct of the flight.
On four-pilot augmented crews the senior Captain will conduct the
preflight briefing, verify landing currencies, determine rest breaks, be
the point of contact for irregular operations and things like that, but
during flight the Captain in the left seat is the PIC and will make all
operational and safety decisions including the decision to divert.
On three-pilot augmented crews, when the Captain is not on the flight
deck, the pilot in the left seat will perform PIC duties until the
Captain returns.
Augmented Crews On three-pilot augmented crews, the Captain’s rest period should be F 3.2.9
interrupted for:
 issuance of an unanticipated reroute or altitude
 a fuel overburn situation
 a significant cabin issue (e.g. a medical or security emergency)
 a significant aircraft mechanical irregularity
 a loss of equipment that will affect navigation
 changes in weather that may require a divert or change of ETOPS
plan
 any operational concern that requires the Captain’s involvement

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Autobrakes and Thrust With autobrakes selected, higher than reverse idle is only beneficial if GS
Reversers the anti-skid is cycling or if you are trying to reduce brake heating on
a heavyweight landing.
Autobrakes 3 or greater and reverse idle is recommended for normal
landings because that combination:
 does not increase landing roll because autobrakes provide a
deceleration rate
 provides fuel savings
 reduces engine wear
 produces less noise and is required at many international airports
Note that higher than reverse idle can actually increase landing
distance if you do not allow the engines to reach reverse idle before
selecting forward thrust.
Be aware that manual braking can drastically increase brake
temperatures.
Autobrakes on Landing Applied when both thrust levers are in idle and wheels are spun up. II

Autobrakes on RTO Maximum braking if:

(if RTO is installed)  the airplane is on the ground
 airspeed is above 85 kts and
 both thrust levers are retarded to idle

Disarming Autobrakes F – fault in autobrakes or antiskid system

(F-STOP) S – speedbrake lever moved to down detent
T – either thrust lever is advanced
O – brake selector moved to OFF or DISARM
P – brake pedal pressed

Speedbrakes on Rejected The lever moves to UP and speedbrakes extend when on the ground
Takeoff and either thrust lever is moved to the reverse idle detent.

Speedbrakes on Landing
Armed Arming speedbrakes is required by checklist.
The lever moves to UP and speedbrakes extend when main gear are on
the ground (trucks not tilted) and thrust levers are at idle.

Not Armed The lever moves to UP and speedbrakes extend when on the ground
and either thrust lever is moved to the reverse idle detent. (Same
operation as speedbrakes on an RTO.)
Autobrakes on Landing Autobrake selection for landing is “as desired.” NP 20.65
Autobrakes on Takeoff If RTO is available, select it during the Preflight Procedure. NP 20.25
RTO may disconnect during power transfers. Reselect if this occurs.
Autoland All hydraulic systems must be operational when initiating a CAT III T 5.22
autoland approach, however, if a hydraulic system fails below Alert
Height, the autoland may be continued unless NO AUTOLAND is
displayed. The pilot should not intervene unless it is clearly evident
that pilot action is required.
Autoland An autoland is satisfactory if the airplane touches down within the TOPP
normal ILS touchdown zone (approximately 1,500' but no farther 50-10-05
than 3,000'), within 27' of centerline, and demonstrates satisfactory Page 11
rollout performance.
Autoland Autoland is required for all CAT II and CAT III approaches. NOI 3.7
NOI 3.9

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Autoland Do not autoland if a restrictive note regarding the Localizer or AM 3-17
Glideslope is published (e.g. G/S Unusable, Offset Localizer, etc.).
Be sure to check the flight plan remarks and the Briefing Strip at the
top of the approach plate for restrictions as they can be very difficult
to find.
Autoland If an aircraft is removed from CAT II/III autoland status any approach F 3.4.4
requiring the use of autoland is not authorized.
Autoland ILS critical areas are protected when the ceiling is less than 800 feet or AM 3-17
the visibility is 2 sm or less. Autoland approaches can be flown
without contacting ATC.
In foreign countries, however, notify ATC if an autoland will be
conducted and the ceiling is 200' or greater and visibility is greater
than RVR 2000 (600 meters).
Autoland ILS critical areas are usually not protected when the weather is better T 5.23
than 800/2 and ILS beam bends may occur due to vehicle or aircraft
interference. Sudden and unexpected flight control movements may
occur at very low altitude or on landing or rollout during an autoland
as the autopilot attempts to follow the beam bend. Guard the
controls.
Autoland Rollout mode cannot be assured on contaminated runways. If an T 5.24
autoland is accomplished on a contaminated runway, the pilot must
be prepared to disengage the autopilot and take over manually should
rollout directional control become inadequate.
Autoland Two autopilots are required for autoland. Three are required for a CAT II
III approach.
Automation Guidelines Briefings should include any uncommon levels of automation and NP 12.1
related monitoring expectations.
VNAV should be used when available and appropriate during climb,
cruise and initial descent.
Both pilots are responsible for comparing the performance of the
autoflight system with the desired flight path of the aircraft.
Both pilots should verify any FMS entry that results in a change in the
vertical or lateral flight path.
Both pilots are responsible for monitoring the FMA and/or MCP
whenever any component of the autoflight system is engaged and a
flight mode change occurs.
Autopilot and Autothrottles GS
when not Autolanding
Autopilot on an ILS Disconnect prior to the flare.
Autopilot on a Non-ILS Disconnect no later than MDA/DA - 50' or DDA - 100'. T 5.50
Autothrottles Normally disconnect prior to the flare. When using VNAV on T 5.56
non-Pegasus airplanes, disconnect prior to the End-of-Descent point.
Autopilot and Flight Director If operable, both the autopilot and flight director will be used for all NOI 3.3
Required ILS approaches when the weather is below RVR 4000 or ¾ mile.
Autopilot Engagement If the autopilot is desired after takeoff, it is normally engaged after a NP 20.60
roll mode and VNAV are selected.
Autopilot Engagement The autopilot will not engage in either Takeoff or Go-Around mode. If II
the flight director is in either of these modes and an autopilot is
engaged, the autopilot will engage in Vertical Speed and Heading
Hold (or Vertical Speed and Attitude mode on some airplanes if bank
angle is greater than five degrees).

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Autopilot Guidelines The PF will verbalize when the autopilot is engaged or disengaged. NP 12.1
When an autopilot is engaged:
 the PF should operate the MCP and
 the PM should verify that the proper selections have been set.
When an autopilot is not engaged:
 the PM should operate the MCP as directed by the PF and
 the PF should verify that the proper selections have been set.
Autopilot Rudder Control During a multiple-autopilot approach and go-around, the autopilots II
control the rudder. If on single engine, be prepared to manually apply
rudder at the first change of either pitch or roll mode or if the
autopilots are disengaged because the rudder will quickly move to its
trimmed position and the airplane will roll abruptly.
Autopilot Trim Modules The left autopilot can only use the trim module under the left stab trim GS
cutoff switch (center hydraulics on the 757, left hydraulics on the
767) and the right autopilot can only use the trim module under the
right stab trim cutoff switch (right hydraulics on the 757, center
hydraulics on the 767). The center autopilot, however, can use the
trim module under either stab trim cutoff switch.
Autothrottles Autothrottle use is recommended during takeoff and climb in either T 1.35
automatic or manual flight. During all other phases of flight,
autothrottle use is recommended only when the autopilot is engaged.
During engine-out operations, Boeing recommends disconnecting the
autothrottle and keeping the throttle of the inoperative engine in the
Close position.
AWABS ACARS Inop If ACARS is inop, the crew should obtain a hard copy of the WDR F 5.6.19
from the gate agent prior to closing the cabin door.
If takeoff data is required after pushback, contact the Dispatcher via F 5.6.20
VHF or SATCOM for a phone patch to the load planner to obtain
takeoff data for a full power takeoff for one runway and one flap
setting.
AWABS Flight Plan Addendum The Flight Plan Addendum is printed automatically with the Flight F 5.6.2
Plan and includes passenger configuration, MEL items, performance
notes, the Flight Attendant Briefing Guide and a “Stay At Gate For
WDR” message, if applicable.
For “Stay At Gate For WDR” messages, the Pre-Pushback (D-7)
Message is prevailing. If the Flight Plan Addendum says “Stay At F 5.6.4
Gate for WDR,” but the D-7 message does not, it means the situation
has been resolved and the flight may pushback normally without the
WDR.
AWABS Jumpseat Riders If the Pre-Pushback message says “Stay at Gate – Performance,” all F 5.6.11
jumpseat riders must stay in the seat listed on their boarding pass to
validate the WDR. (1P and/or 2P must stay in the cockpit.)
If the Pre-Pushback message does not say “Stay at Gate –
Performance,” the Captain may offer a jumpseat rider a seat in the
cabin after coordinating with the Flight Leader or Purser.
AWABS Loading and Review Performance data may be loaded into the FMS at any point after NP 20.49
receipt of the WDR.
The Captain’s analysis of the WDR shall not be completed while the
Captain is taxiing the aircraft. (The F/O may taxi.)
AWABS Loading Bags After AWABS has a built in 20 bag (600 pound) tolerance. If fewer than 20 F 6.1.8
Pushback bags are loaded after pushback, the crew can continue with the
current WDR. If more than 20 bags are loaded, a new WDR will be
automatically uplinked.

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AWABS Manual WDR A Manual WDR will be computed by the Load Control Center if F 5.6.19
AWABS is unavailable.
The flight crew must obtain the stabilizer trim setting and the V speeds
from the ODM.
AWABS MEL/SPL/CDLs If an MEL, SPL or CDL drives a performance penalty, that penalty is F 5.6.15
applied if the item is listed on the WDR.
AWABS Pre-Pushback (D-7) The Pre-Pushback (D-7) message is uplinked to the aircraft 7 minutes F 5.6.1
Message prior to the latest published departure time. If the official departure
time changes, all “D” times will reference the new departure time.
Crews may allow the agent to close the door and pull the jetway prior
to receiving the D-7 message, but do not push back before it arrives F 5.6.5
and ensuring it doesn’t say “Stay At Gate For WDR.”
“EFSR” means fueling data has been successfully uplinked. Pushback
is allowed with this message. F 5.6.6
“Paper FSR Required” means a fuel slip is required prior to pushback.
Pushback is allowed after the fuel slip is received.
“Stay At Gate For WDR” means stay at the gate. Pushback is allowed
only after a valid WDR is received. F 5.6.7
AWABS Printer Inop If the ACARS printer is inop, the crew should also obtain a hard copy F 5.6.19
of the WDR from the gate agent prior to closing the cabin door. At
the Captain’s discretion, however, the crew may dispatch without a
paper copy if the ACARS screen is readable.
AWABS Remote Command All authorized takeoff positions for a specific airport can be obtained F 5.6.18
Processor (RCP) from the RCP by requesting data for a runway that does not exist. For
example, request data for RWY 99.
AWABS Runway Grooves When wet, grooved runways and runways with a porous friction F 5.6.24
overlay provide braking action approximately equal to a dry runway.
Dry WDR numbers may be used even if the runway is wet.
757-300 aircraft, however, may not consider a wet runway to be dry
even if the runway is grooved or has a porous friction overlay. Wet
WDR numbers must be used if the runway is wet.
AWABS Runway Intersection Performance data for a named intersection is valid for that intersection F 5.6.12
and any point on the runway prior to that intersection.
AWABS Weight Data Record The WDR is normally transmitted to the aircraft during pushback. An F 5.6.8
(WDR) identical copy is simultaneously printed at the gate in case ACARS
or the ACARS printer is inop. Do not use the printed copy if ACARS
is operational.
If changes to the passenger count or cargo load do not exceed 1,000
pounds, an updated WDR will not be transmitted to the aircraft. (You
are within tolerance.)
If there is uncertainty about the weight and balance or passenger count
data, the crew may use the Remote Command Processor to request a
new WDR. (Volume 1 Supplemental Procedures.) If not resolved,
contact Dispatch.
The gate agent collecting the FDRA prior to pushback may not know
the final passenger count and there is no requirement to verbalize it.
AWABS Winds AWABS uses only steady state winds. It does not use gusts. F 5.6.13
HW xx is the minimum headwind component required for takeoff.
TW xx is the maximum tailwind component already included in the
performance calculations.
Backcourse Localizer Set the front course. TA 5.17
Always press B/CRS before pressing LOC. TA 5.18
Bank Limit Selector If the Bank Limit Selector is other than Auto, excessive bank angle NP 20.24
may occur in HDG SEL at high altitudes or airspeeds.

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Basic Turbojet Minimums A precision or non-precision approach to not less than RVR 4000 AM 3-32
(1200 m) or ¾ statute mile visibility and 200' DH or 250' MDH.
Below Glideslope Alert The Below Glideslope alert may be cancelled or inhibited for: TA 7.3
 localizer or backcourse localizer approach
 circling from an ILS
 when conditions require a deliberate approach below G/S
 unreliable glideslope signal
Biohazard A biohazard or biomedical substances shipment will always have the F 8.4.3
biohazard symbol on the label but may not have the actual words.
Brake Pressure Accumulator pressure may be insufficient to prevent the airplane from NP 20.27
moving even with the parking brake set.
Brake Source Light Indicates both normal and alternate brake source pressures are low. If it Q 14.15
remains illuminated after selecting Reserve Brakes on the 757 or
Reserve Brakes and Steering on the 767, the reserve brakes are
unpressurized too and only accumulator braking is available.
Brake System Hydraulics II
757 (“Right-Left-Right”) Normal – Right
Alternate – Left (automatic if right hydraulic system press low)
Reserve – Right (press the RESERVE BRAKES switch)

767 (“Royal Crown Cola”) Normal – Right

Alternate – Center (automatic if right hydraulic system press low)
Reserve – Center (press the RESERVE BKS & STEERING switch)
Brake Wear Indicators The brake wear indicators must extend out of the guides when the GS
parking brake is set.
Brakes in Windy Conditions When the wind, including gusts, exceeds 30 knots or if the ramp is icy, F 6.1.10
leave the parking brake set at the gate.
Braking Action Advisories When braking conditions are less than “good,” pilots are expected to AM 4-82
provide a PIREP.
When tower controllers receive braking action reports from pilots or
airport management using the terms “fair,” “poor” or “nil,” or
whenever weather conditions are conducive to deteriorating or
rapidly changing braking conditions, the ATIS will include “Braking
action advisories are in effect.”
Braking Action Nil Operations on any runway with a report of nil braking action are AM 4-84
prohibited.
Braking Action Report A braking action report to the tower and the Company is required when AM 6-45
braking action is less than “good.” Use ACARS for the report if
available.

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Briefing F 3.3.2
Departure Briefing Complete prior to the Preflight checklist.
(“Threatening McWARTS”) Brief the highest threats and the McRib.
W – weather and winds, including takeoff alternate and low vis taxi
A – abnormal procedures and abort considerations
R – runway considerations, including length and condition
T – taxi considerations, terrain and transition altitude if not 18,000 feet
S – SID/DP and Special Pages, including engine-out departure

Takeoff Briefing H – initial heading F 3.3.3

(“HAA”) A – altitude and transition altitude if not 18,000 feet
A – airspeed restrictions, if applicable

Approach Briefing Complete prior to the top of descent. F 3.3.3

(“Threatening McNATS”) Brief the highest threats and the McRib.
N – NOTAMS
A – arrival, approach chart and automation
T – transition level if not FL180, terrain and taxi considerations
S – Special Pages, including engine-out go-around
Briefing NP 20.57
Runway, Departure, First Fix Prior to the Before Takeoff checklist, verify and verbalize:
 the runway in the FMS matches the takeoff runway and confirm
the takeoff runway with an outside reference
 the departure procedure in the FMS matches the latest ATC-
assigned departure procedure
 the first fix in the FMS matches the first fix on the assigned
departure procedure
Briefing Flight attendant briefing topics should include: F 3.3.1
All Flights
 security considerations
 flight deck entry/exit procedures
 planned flight time and altitude
 enroute/destination weather including turbulence
 requirement for passenger overwater briefing
 coordination of PAs, including the warm weather PA
 use of Easy Victor call and red and yellow emergencies
 extra crewmembers
 for international operations, confirm with the Flight Leader that
all flight attendants have the required documentation (passports,
visas, vaccinations) and required customs and immigration forms
are on board and
 a medical event plan including expected communication between
the flight deck, cabin and STAT-MD.
First Flight of the Day or After a Crew Change
 Seat Belt/No Smoking sign use
 review of cabin discrepancies
 passenger misconduct procedures
Briefing If one pilot needs to leave the flight deck a briefing will be conducted F 3.2.8
summarizing automation status, clearance limits, fuel system status,
etc. The returning pilot will then be briefed on any relevant changes.
Bulk Cargo Heat Selector (767) Keep in the Vent position for transporting animals. NP 20.17

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Cabin Altitude Warning 10,000' cabin altitude II
Outflow Valve Closes 11,000' cabin altitude if the cabin controller is in Auto (and in Manual
on some 757s)
Altitude Warning Resets 8,500' cabin altitude
Passenger Masks Drop 14,000' cabin altitude
Passenger Oxygen Duration 12 minutes (22 minutes on some 757s)
Cabin Interphone System Inop Ensure all cabin handsets are properly stowed. Q 5.5
Callout at CAT III Alert Height Captain: “Land 3” or “Missed Approach.” (Don't say anything else.) NP 12.6
Callouts at Transition Altitude “Transition Altitude” and “Transition Level” are required callouts if NP 12.3
and Transition Level the transition altitude is not 18,000 feet or the transition level is not NP 12.4
FL180.
Callouts on Approaches If the radio altimeter is inoperative, make the “1,000” and “500” NP 12.3
callouts by reference to the barometric altimeter.
Callouts on Approaches On any approach, if the Pilot Flying can maintain visual contact with NP 12.3
the runway, the “Approaching Minimums” and “Minimums” callouts
are not required.
Callouts on Approaches The “Approaching Minimums” callout at approximately 80 feet above NP 12.6
minimums and the “Minimums” callout are made by reference to NP 12.7
whichever altimeter (radio or baro) defines the minimums.
Callouts on Approaches The PM should call “Approaching Inbound Course” when established NP 12.5
on the intercept heading or track to final or when cleared for the NP 12.7
approach. The PF should check the FMA roll mode and call “__
Armed” or “__ Active,” as appropriate.
On an ILS approach, the PM should also call “Glideslope Alive” at the
first positive movement of the glideslope and cleared for the
approach. The PF should check the FMA pitch mode and call “__
Armed” or “__ Active,” as appropriate.
Callouts on Approaches The PM should call “Sink ___” for any descent rate exceeding 1,000 NP 12.4
feet per minute below 1,000 feet AGL.
Canceling IFR Authorized VFR weather conditions exist. AM 3-72
In direct communication with CTAF or other service providing traffic
advisories.
Within 10 nm of the airport or in visual contact with the landing
runway that can be maintained until landing.
Must cancel IFR with the controlling agency.
Captain Responsibilities Allow only current and qualified pilots to occupy a control seat. (Don’t F 3.1.4
allow a flight attendant to sit in a pilot seat during a lav break. See
FOM Chapter 4 SSI for an exception.)
Allow admission to the flight deck only to authorized persons.
Allow a Line Check Pilot to assume command if being relieved.
Cargo Fire Inform ground personnel not to open any cargo door until all Q 8.17
passengers and crew are off and firefighting equipment is nearby.
Cargo Fire Detectors Since the cargo fire detectors detect smoke, the fire-extinguishing II
agent may cause the detectors to indicate a fire still exists even after
it has been extinguished.

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CAT I (ILS and Non-Precision) A descent below minimums is authorized if: AM 3-35
 a normal landing can be made in the touchdown zone
 the runway environment is in sight, however if only the approach
lights are in sight, descent is not authorized below 100' above
TDZE unless the red terminating bars or the red side row bars are
also visible. Sighting Lead-In Lights does not satisfy the
requirement for visual contact with the runway environment,
however it is sufficient to continue beyond the MAP. Do not
descend below the MDA/DDA until the actual runway
environment is in sight.
If the above conditions are not met, a missed approach is required.
CAT I ILS without TDZ and/or In the US, if the TDZ and/or CL lights are inop or not installed, CAT I AM 3-36
CL Lights ILS approaches may be flown to RVR 1800. This removes the
penalties for TDZ or CL lights out-of-service or not installed
provided all the requirements in the Airway Manual Chapter 3 are
met.
CAT II and CAT III To initiate or land from the approach, the crosswind component on the AM 3-38
landing runway must be 15 knots or less. AM 3-40
A missed approach must initiated if an autoland cannot be safely AM 3-39
accomplished in the touchdown zone. AM 3-42
CAT II and CAT III Use the CAT II or CAT III approach guide in NOI as a briefing guide. NOI 3.7
Autoland is required. NOI 3.9
The Captain must conduct the approach.
Max winds to initiate or land from a CAT II or CAT III approach are a
15 knot max crosswind, a 25 knot max headwind and/or a 10 knot
max tailwind.
A missed approach is required if:
 the autopilot is unintentionally disengaged, however, if the
autopilot is unintentionally disengaged below RA/DA/AH, the
landing may be completed if suitable visual reference is
established
 autoland cannot be accomplished in the touchdown zone
 the ASA does not say LAND 2 or LAND 3 on a CAT II
 the ASA does not say LAND 3 on a CAT III
For all EICAS messages, aural warnings and warning/system failure
flags that occur prior to decision height/alert height, the approach
may be continued as long as the ASA status annunciates LAND 2 or
LAND 3 for a CAT II approach or LAND 3 for a CAT III approach
and the LOC and G/S are within tolerance. The ASA monitors the
required elements of the CAT II/III airborne system.
CAT II Missed Approach A missed approach is required if: AM 3-39
 any of the required RVR, airborne or ground systems become
inoperative
 the approach lights are not in sight by the DA(H)/RA
 the threshold is not in sight by the Inner Marker or 100' above
TDZE. (May also be the DA(H)/RA.) The threshold environment
includes touchdown zone lights, threshold, red terminating bars
on the ALSF-I system or the red side row bars inside 500' on the
ALSF-II/ICAO system.
 an automatic landing cannot be made in the touchdown zone
 the crosswind is greater than 15 kts
CAT IIIA and CAT IIIB For 757 and 767 aircraft, Delta operates CAT IIIA and CAT IIIB T 5.26
approaches as CAT III.

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Cell Phones Cell phones must be turned off while on the flight deck from the F 3.2.13
beginning of the preflight checklist until completion of the shutdown
or secure checklist unless an operational need exists. In that case, the
aircraft must be stopped with the parking brake set.
Personal calls are not allowed on the ramp during preflight inspections,
but operational calls are allowed provided they are made at least 10
feet from refueling equipment.
Center Tank Fuel EICAS Center tank fuel pump EICAS messages may display on takeoff or NP 20.54
Messages climb if the center fuel tank contains less than 5,000 pounds of fuel.
Center Tank Fuel Pumps If center tank fuel is to be used, turn the center tank fuel pumps on NP 20.42
during the Pushback Procedure and before engine start. Observe both
Press lights illuminate and the center fuel pump EICAS messages
display. Then turn the pumps off for engine start and observe the
Press lights and EICAS messages are no longer displayed.
For single-engine taxi, after starting the first engine turn the center tank NP 20.46
pump on for the operating engine.
During the Delayed Start Procedure, turn the operating center tank fuel NP 20.53
pump off prior to starting the second engine.
After both engines are started, turn both center tank fuel pumps on and NP 20.54
verify Press lights and EICAS messages are not displayed.
Center Tank Fuel Pumps To prevent a center tank Universal Fault Interrupter (UFI) lockout NP 20.51
(trapped fuel), center tank pumps must be turned off prior to engine
shutdown.
Turn the pump(s) on for operating engine(s) after engine start after a
delay of 5 seconds or more.
Chart and Map Utilization For all operations, pilots will have adequate Jeppesen Airway Manual F 3.2.2
material out of the flight kit and available for immediate reference.
When using a single set of approach plates or charts, both pilots should
review the charts, but the pilot flying the approach should have the
chart viewable during the approach.
Checklist Modifications The checklist must not be modified in any way. Vol 1
Preface 1.2.4
Circling Approaches AM 3-34
Minimum Visibility 3 sm (4800 m) or CAT D/highest speed visibility, whichever is higher.
Minimum Ceiling 1,000' or CAT D/highest speed HAA, whichever is higher.
MDA 1,000' HAA or CAT D/highest speed MDA, whichever is higher.
Circling Approaches TA 5.7
At FAF and MDA Gear down.
Flaps 20 (landing flaps optional).
Speedbrakes armed.
Select landing flaps when turning base if not already selected.

Missed Approach Make a climbing turn toward the landing runway to reach the NOI 3.24
published missed approach for the runway to which the instrument
approach was flown. The initial turn may be more than 180° and not
in the shortest direction. Maintain the missed approach flap setting
until close in maneuvering is complete.
Circling Area Radius The FAA calculates 2.3 nm from runway thresholds at 165 knots T 5.62
maximum airspeed. ICAO uses a larger radius.
Circling from an ILS Use LOC and V/S or VNAV modes. Do not use Approach mode T 5.61
because Approach mode will not level off at the MDA set in the
MCP altitude window and because exiting Approach mode requires
initiating a go-around or disconnecting the autopilot and turning off
the flight directors.

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Circuit Breaker Reset Warning: Do not reset a tripped fuel boost pump circuit breaker. QRH
Flight crew reset of a tripped circuit breaker is not recommended NNCI 1.4
unless directed by a non-normal checklist, however a tripped circuit
breaker may be reset once, after a short cooling period, if the
situation resulting from the tripped breaker has a significant adverse
effect on safety. A reset should only be accomplished after
maintenance and the flight crew have determined it is safe to do so.
The flight crew may cycle the circuit breaker(s) of a degraded or
inoperative system (normally only one time per event) provided the
Captain determines the affected system is desirable for the conduct of
the flight and one of the following conditions exists:
 the breaker had not previously tripped and there is no specific
non-normal procedure in the checklist prohibiting reset (e.g. fuel
boost pump), or
 maintenance has determined cycling the circuit breaker is safe
If a circuit breaker is cycled during flight, notify maintenance. A
logbook entry shall be made to document the occurrence.
Clear of Runway When clearing a runway during low-visibility operations, the tail of the GS
aircraft will be clear of the runway after the fifth taxiway light passes
under the nose.
Clearance Verification If any pilot is unsure of a clearance, contact ATC to verify. NP 12.8
If the departure clearance is received via radio, both pilots should
monitor and at least one pilot must write it down.
After the departure clearance is received, either by ACARS or voice,
the PM will reference the clearance and read the departure, route of
flight, altitude and any speed restriction to the PF. The PF will
reference the FMS and MCP and read the departure, route of flight,
altitude and any speed restriction back to the PM.
The Captain should repeat the taxi clearance after the F/O has read the
clearance back to ATC. When issued complex or extensive taxi
instructions, at least one pilot should write down the clearance or
load it into the FMS scratch pad.
Prior to departing the last assigned altitude, both pilots should verify
the altitude specified in the clearance has been set correctly by stating
the altitude and pointing at the altitude display window. Also ensure
the proper altimeter reference (QNH, QNE or QFE) is set.
Both pilots must review any clearance received via CPDLC. Review
the entire clearance in the correct page order.
The PF should repeat crossing restrictions, headings and airspeeds.
To avoid distracting the PM, the PF should avoid repeating clearances
or calling for gear or flap changes while the PM is listening to or
reading back a clearance.
Clearance Verification On aircraft with operable ACARS and printer, the ATC pre-departure F 3.2.3
clearance (PDC) must be printed if issued.
Cleared Direct Confirm exact routing with ATC if “cleared direct” or “cleared to.” In AM 7-6
most countries “cleared direct” may mean continue via previously
assigned route.
Climb or Descent Direct Executing CLB DIR or DES DIR deletes all waypoint altitude SP 11.24
constraints between the airplane’s current altitude and the MCP
altitude.
Cockpit Windows Verify the lever lock is in the locked (forward) position and the NP 20.31
Window Not Closed placard is not visible. Pull on the lock lever
without pushing the button to ensure it is secure.
Ensure the indicator at the top of the window reads Closed and the arm
assembly is approximately perpendicular to the lower track.
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Coded Departure Routes Approved Coded Departure Routes (CDRs) will be listed in the F 5.3.14
Supplemental Route Section of the flight plan. If a CDR is listed, the
Dispatcher is aware of and approves its use.
If issued, ATC will use the CDR code in the revised clearance. For F 5.3.15
example, if the CDR is labeled CDRRS on the flight plan, ATC will
say “…cleared via Romeo Sierra....”
The last line of the CDR lists the minimum departure fuel.
Cold Temperature Altimeter If the airport air temperature is -10°C (14°F) or lower, coordinate with AM 4-71
Corrections ATC and apply the Cold Temperature Altimeter Corrections in the
Airway Manual Chapter 4.
Do not apply corrections to the special cold weather approach charts
(blue pages). Corrections have already been applied.
Except in Canada, minimum radar vectoring altitudes are not
temperature corrected. Request ATC to provide at least 1000 feet
above MVA in cold temperature when vectored below MSA or Grid
MORA at night or in IMC and terrain clearance cannot be otherwise
assured.
Cold Temperature Altimeter In very cold temperatures, altimeter errors can exceed 1,000 feet T 1.24
Errors resulting in potentially unsafe terrain clearance if no corrections are
made.
Communicable Disease Notify Dispatch for forwarding to the appropriate public health service F 7.4.5
if a passenger or crewmember has:
 a temperature of 100°F (38°C) or greater accompanied by a rash,
swollen glands, jaundice, unexplained bleeding, reduced
consciousness, difficulty breathing, headache with stiff neck,
persistent cough or persistent vomiting, or
 fever for more than 48 hours, or
 presence of diarrhea
Complaint Resolution Official A Complaint Resolution Official (CRO) is an ACS employee trained in F 7.1.4
disability regulations. He should be contacted for guidance on any
unresolved issues concerning disabled passengers.
Configuration Changes Prior to taxi, the flaps will be selected to the takeoff or default position. NP 10.4
During flight, the PF will call for any gear or flap change and the PM
will verify that the airspeed is appropriate before accomplishing the
change. If operational necessity requires an immediate configuration
change and the PM is occupied with other duties, the PF may
announce the change and move the appropriate control. This should
be understood as the exception and not the rule.
After landing, no configuration changes shall be made until clear of the
active runway, or until the aircraft has reached taxi speed when a
180° turn is required.
Contact Approaches Contact approaches are not authorized. AM 3-31
Contaminated Runways Do not take off or land if: SP 16.67
 braking action is nil
 dry snow exceeds 4 inches (10 cm)
Do not take off if water/slush/wet snow exceeds ½ inch.
Do not land if water/slush/wet snow exceeds 1 inch.
A rolling takeoff is strongly advised when the crosswind exceeds
20 knots.
Do not assume the last 2,000 feet of the runway will have the same
braking action as the touchdown zone.
Contaminated Runways Refer to the chart in SP 16 for crosswind and tailwind guidelines on SP 16.66
contaminated runways. Wind can restrict operations.

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Contaminated Runways To minimize stopping distance on a contaminated runway: SP 16.11
 use autobrakes for maximum stopping effectiveness
 avoid excessive approach speed
 touchdown within 1,500 feet from the approach end
 ensure spoilers deploy
 use maximum allowable symmetrical reverse thrust
 reduce reverse thrust to reverse idle prior to 80 knots
 position thrust levers to reverse idle by taxi speed, then to full
down after the engines have decelerated to idle
 if side slipping off the runway, select reverse idle and release
brakes to return to centerline
 the aircraft will tend to drift off the runway nose first with
forward thrust and tail first with reverse thrust
 reverse thrust may reduce forward visibility due to blowing snow
 avoid abrupt steering inputs
Contaminated Taxiways Avoid taxing in deep snow or slush because steering will be more SP 16.4
difficult. Brakes, gear and flaps may also freeze after takeoff if
contaminated with snow or slush.
Taxi slowly, use small tiller inputs, use minimum thrust, and make all
turns at a reduced speed.
Contaminated Taxiways Consider starting both engines when anticipating taxi on slippery or SP 16.3
contaminated surfaces.
Contract Maintenance Do not contact contract maintenance directly. Go through Dispatch and F 3.4.9
the MCC instead.
Control Wheel Steering Do not use control wheel steering for takeoff or the landing flare SP 4.1
maneuver.
CPDLC Logon Logon 15 minutes prior to the Oceanic Entry Point or FIR boundary. SP 5.76
CPDLC Position Reports A manual position report is required in all Pacific OCAs (Oakland, SP 5.84
Anchorage and Fukuoka) after crossing the FIR boundary to confirm
data authority. Use the ATC SEND prompt on the position report
page.
CPDLC Waypoints Do not add extra waypoints to the active route when using ADS-C. AM 6-32
Crew Rest Facilities On the 767ER, the temperature control system inside the pilot and F 3.2.5
flight attendant crew rest facilities serves only as a heater. Gaspers
are the best source of cool air.
Crew Rest Facilities Pilot crew rest facilities are for operating pilot crewmembers only, F 3.2.4
however pilots deadheading in uniform on a scheduled rotation may
use the crew rest facility at the Captain’s discretion.
Due to egress training requirements, only pilots qualified on the A330,
B777 and B767 respectively may occupy those facilities.
Crew Rest Footrest On the 767ER without lie-flat seats, Sponge Bob may be stored behind F 3.2.5
the crew rest seat from preflight through landing. After landing put
Sponge Bob in the mid or forward cabin closet.
On the 757ER, Sponge Bob must be stored in the forward coat closet
when not in use.
Crew Rest Policy A primary concern should be the alertness level of the landing crew. F 3.2.6
Fatigue may be a significant factor if the landing crew or landing pilot
has been at the controls for more than approximately 4 hours. Adjust
breaks or provide a secondary break so the landing crew or landing
pilot will not be on duty for more than approximately 4 hours before
landing.

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Crew Rest Seat Blocking On flights that require a crew rest seat and lie-flat seats are not F 3.2.6
installed, the seat next to the crew rest seat will be the last seat filled
and the seat in front of the crew rest seat will be the second to last
seat filled.
The Captain will be informed as to whether a passenger has been
assigned those seats.
Non-revs may be assigned those seats in accordance with this policy.
Crewmember Incapacitation If a flight attendant becomes incapacitated, treat the situation as if a F 10.1.8
passenger had become incapacitated.
A pilot will be presumed incapacitated after failing to respond to two F 10.1.9
verbal communications or to one verbal communication associated
with a significant deviation from the intended flight path.
Once declared incapacitated, a pilot will be denied access to any
aircraft controls for the remainder of the flight.
Critical Controls During an inflight non-normal, verbal confirmation is required before QRH
moving any of the following critical controls: NNCI 1.7
 an engine thrust lever
 an engine fuel control switch
 an engine, APU or cargo fire switch
 a generator drive disconnect switch
 a flight control switch
This does not apply to the Dual Engine Failure checklist. (Do not delay
the Dual Engine Failure memory items and checklist in order to take
advantage of high RPM and improve the chances of a successful
restart.)
Critical Terrain Technique The following technique can be useful when flying over critical terrain: GS
 load the escape route in Route 2 and display it on the map as
described in Supplemental Procedures
 use the orange bug on the altimeter as a reminder for the direction
of turn
 the PF can set reminders for the initial altitude and airspeed on
his VOR panel. For example, if the initial altitude is 14,000' and
the initial airspeed is 310 knots, he can manually set 114.0 as the
frequency and 310 as the course and then return the panel to Auto
to allow DME-DME updating.
 the PM can manually set the appropriate frequency and course for
the escape airway on his VOR panel and then also return to Auto
 in the event of an emergency descent, the orange bug will point
the direction of turn and each pilot can just push Manual on his
VOR panel to access reminders for altitude and airspeed and to
display a backup for the escape route
 airways are 4 nm wide, so use XTK Error to determine when
you're on the airway and can continue descent to the minimum
altitude
 remember that the FMC can’t auto tune the VORs to update
position when they are in Manual, so don’t leave them there for
an extended period of time
Crosswind Guidelines For dry runways, the maximum crosswind component for both takeoff SP 16.66
and landing is 40 knots, including gusts.
For wet runways, the maximum crosswind component for takeoff is 25
knots, including gusts, and the maximum crosswind component for
landing is 40 knots, including gusts.
Crosswind components are lower for other types of contamination.

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Crosswind Landings Sideslip only (zero crab) landings are not recommended with SP 16.66
crosswind components in excess of 25 knots to ensure adequate
ground clearance (wingtips, engines) and adequate control margin.
Cruise Clearance A “cruise” clearance is a clearance along a published airway that AM 3-62
provides a transition to the approach environment. Descent may be
initiated at the pilot’s discretion to the applicable minimum IFR
altitude along the assigned route of flight. The flight is also cleared
for any instrument approach unless restricted by ATC. (You will
probably get a cruise clearance enroute to Palau.)
CVR and FDR In flight, the cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder must F 3.4.6
remain operative at all times and may not be disabled for any reason.
DA and DH Decision Altitude (DA) is determined by reference to the barometric T 5.12
altimeter.
Decision Height (DH) is determined by reference to the radio
altimeter.
Dangerous Goods Maximum quantities are: F 8.1.6
 25 kg or 25 liters or some combination equaling 25 per
compartment
 an additional 75 kg of nonflammable, nontoxic gas per
compartment
 3 TI of Class 7 (radioactive) per aircraft. Class 7 is prohibited in
compartments with a lower crew rest facility.
 no limit for Class 9 (miscellaneous) except dry ice. Class 9
magnetized material is prohibited in the forward compartment.
 no limit for COMAT aircraft batteries
Dry ice is prohibited in the same compartment as air-breathing F 8.1.4
animals.
Dry ice is prohibited in compartments with a lower crew rest facility. F 8.1.8
Other dry ice limits depend on the airplane and compartment. F 8.1.9
Dangerous Goods Drill Codes Drill Codes are intended as supplemental guidance and do not replace F 8.2.2
the appropriate non-normal checklist. Drill Codes are listed on the
NOTOC and the corresponding guidance is in the FOM.
Deadhead Crewmembers Crewmembers deadheading on an ocean crossing will be provided a F 4.1.5
business class seat.
Crewmembers deadheading on an international flight should be
automatically added to the General Declaration.
Departure Normally fly the Distant/ICAO NADP 2 takeoff profile. (This is our AM 3-13
normal takeoff.) Fly the Close-In/ICAO NADP 1 takeoff profile
when directed by a Flight Plan Remark, Delta Special Page, Airway
Manual Chapter 11 country specific procedure, airport briefing page
or departure procedure.
In all cases (all engines or engine out), once a safe maneuvering
airspeed is reached and above the appropriate minimum altitude
(MVA, MSA, etc.) pilots may initiate or accept a routing other than
the departure procedure.
Do not turn below 400 feet AFE unless specified in the published
departure procedure or specifically cleared by ATC.
Some engine-out procedures require a turn at a specified distance and
may therefore require a turn below 400 feet AFE.

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Departure Priorities AM 3-14
All Engines 1. Delta Special Page all-engines departure procedure
2. ATC clearance
3. IFR or Obstacle DP
4. depart on course

Engine-Out 1. Delta Special Page engine-out departure procedure

2. ATC clearance
3. As desired, e.g. runway heading, remain VFR and return for
landing (only if terrain clearance can be assured), etc.
Descent Mode Selection If an early descent is required, use a cruise descent if more than 50 nm II
from the Top of Descent point. The airplane will begin a descent to
the selected altitude and the FMC will calculate a new Top of
Descent point for the new cruise altitude. Monitor the descent to
make sure you reach the new cruise altitude prior to the new Top of
Descent point.
Do not use a cruise descent if within 50 nm of the calculated Top of
Descent point or you could miss a crossing restriction. That’s
because the airplane uses VNAV SPD for cruise descents and deletes
all crossing restrictions at or above the new cruise altitude.
If an early descent is required within 50 nm from the Top of Descent
point, use DES NOW instead. The airplane will begin a 1,250 fpm
descent until it intercepts the calculated descent path. It will then use
VNAV PATH to maintain the path and comply with altitude
restrictions.
Do not use Descend Now if more than 50 nm from the Top of Descent
point because it may cause a fuel calculation error.
Descent Notification Notify the flight attendants at the top of descent or approximately 20 NP 20.64
minutes prior to landing. (Make a PA.)
Landing Notification Cycle the No Smoking switch when descending through approximately NP 20.66
10,000 feet AFE (not MSL).
Descent Planning For manual descent planning, use 3½ nm per 1,000 feet of altitude loss T 4.25
at ECON speed and with no wind.
Plan to be 40 miles from the airport at 10,000' AGL and 250 kts, and at T 4.26
traffic pattern altitude at flaps up maneuvering speed on
approximately a 12 mile final.
Descent Planning Using engine anti-ice increases descent distance. T 4.29
Descent Rate When operating at low altitude and above stabilized approach altitudes, F 3.4.10
do not descend at a rate in feet per minute greater than your altitude
in feet AGL (e.g. max descent rate at 2,000' AGL is 2,000 fpm).

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Descent Speed Control In VNAV PATH, thrust controls airspeed, but in VNAV SPD, pitch II
controls airspeed.
If ATC issues a speed reduction while established on a VNAV PATH
descent, do not use speed intervention for any length of time or you
may miss an assigned airspeed or altitude crossing restriction. That’s
because the airplane will transition from VNAV PATH to VNAV
SPD and may depart the FMC calculated descent path.
To avoid this, get the airplane back into VNAV PATH as soon as GS
possible and then use the speedbrake to correct back to the calculated
path. The recommended best practice is:
 open the MCP speed window and set the ATC-assigned airspeed.
The airplane will transition from VNAV PATH to VNAV SPD.
 enter the assigned airspeed as the descent speed on the Descent
page and then close the speed window on the MCP. The FMS
will calculate a new descent path based on the new airspeed.
 check the VTK Error on Progress page 2 and use speedbrakes to
correct to the new path. (You will probably be high.) As the
airplane approaches the new path it will transition back to VNAV
PATH and comply with airspeed and altitude restrictions.
Destination Weather F 5.1.4
Basic Dispatch The destination airport must have weather reports, forecasts or a
combination of both, which indicate conditions will be at or above
the authorized minimums at the estimated time of arrival.
If there is no applicable IFR approach, weather reports, forecasts, or a
combination of both, must indicate a ceiling and visibility permitting
a descent from the MEA to land under VFR.
For airports where a ceiling is controlling for the approach, the weather
reports, forecasts, or a combination of both, must be greater than or
equal to the HAA/HAT for the estimated time of arrival. For
visibility only approaches, only the visibility need be considered.

Exemption 3585 Under certain conditions, Exemption 3585 allows dispatch with
Domestic Only conditional phrases like “Tempo” and “Prob30” in the forecast for
the destination and/or first alternate. A second alternate is required
when this exemption is used.

Extended Overwater A flight may be dispatched for overwater operations to a destination F 5.1.5
forecast below landing minimums provided the filed alternate airport
meets alternate weather criteria.
Dispatch for MEL Purposes For MEL/CDL purposes, dispatch is defined as advancing power for F 3.4.7
takeoff (i.e. the takeoff event).
The MEL/CDL applies before dispatch and after a rejected takeoff.

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Dispatcher Coordination The Captain must coordinate with the Dispatcher for any significant F 5.2.1
route changes, maintenance irregularities, etc. that may impact down
line operations, to include:
 lateral deviations of more than 100 nm
 deviation from flight plan cruise altitude of more than 4,000 feet
for more than 30 minutes
 any condition that will effect ETA by more than 15 minutes
 if the flight will arrive at the destination or alternate with less
than minimum FAR fuel reserves
 fuel consumption greater than planned
 change in destination weather
 any diversion to alternate unless previously discussed
 any change of destination or designated alternate airport
The requirement to coordinate with the Dispatcher cannot be satisfied
by communicating with any other agency or entity.
Ditching Configuration The proper ditching configuration is: Q 0.1
 Gnd Prox Gear and Terrain switches Override
 packs off
 outflow valve closed (Manual, then Descend)
 Seat Belt signs On
 autobrakes off
 speedbrakes down (not armed)
 gear up
 flaps 30
 maintain Vref 30 to touchdown
 maintain 130 knots minimum for the RAT if both engines are not
operating
 take the ELT when evacuating
Diversion Airport Weather When selecting an alternate airport while airborne, the weather must be F 10.2.1
at or above normal destination weather minimums. Dispatch alternate
weather minimums do not apply.
Diverting Be sure to change the Destination on Route page 1 to the new GS
destination so arrivals and approaches will be displayed on the FMS.
“Two in, two out, two w’s.” Notify flight attendants and passengers,
contact ATC and Flight Control, check weather and landing weight.
Diverting The Dispatcher is the primary source of information when making a F 10.2.1
diversion decision.
If a decision is made to land at an airport other than the filed
destination or an alternate listed on the FDR, the Captain must either:
 contact the Dispatcher for an Amended Release or
 use his emergency authority
If unable to contact Dispatch, select an airport using the following
priority:
 online airport
 offline airport
 military airfield
 public non-commercial airport
Document Verification Verify the correct flight number, ship number, release number and date F 5.2.5
on all documents.
Doors Do not operate the entry and cargo doors with winds at the door of II
more than 40 knots. Do not keep the door open when wind gusts are
more than 65 knots. Strong winds can cause damage to the structure
of the airplane.
Duct Leak (767) Flight longer than 6 hours with a Bleed Duct Leak or a Body Duct Q 2.4
Leak light illuminated may result in structural damage.
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E&E Compartment Access to the E&E compartment in flight is prohibited. Exceptions F 3.4.7
must be coordinated with the Dispatcher who will seek approval
from the Supervisor of Flying. However, during a time-critical
emergency that may potentially affect the safety of flight, the Captain
may authorize entry without approval.
EICAS Messages Cancel EICAS messages after completing the appropriate non-normal GS
checklist so you’ll notice if something new pops up.
EICAS Messages Consequential EICAS alert messages may appear as a result of a QRH
primary failure condition (e.g. Rudder Ratio as a result of a hydraulic NNCI 1.8
system failure) or as a result of doing a checklist (e.g. Pack Off as a
result of doing the Smoke, Fire or Fumes checklist).
Complete the non-normal checklists for consequential EICAS alert
messages unless “Do not accomplish the following checklists” is
included in the primary checklist.
EICAS Status Messages After dispatch (thrust levers advanced for takeoff), there is no NP 10.7
requirement to check status messages because any message
concerning the safe continuation of the flight will appear as an
EICAS alert message (warning, caution or advisory). On some 757s,
however, the only indication of impending fuel filter bypass will be a
status message, so look at them anyway.
EICAS Status Messages Attempt to erase all status messages that appear prior to dispatch. SP 15.1
If a status message cannot be erased, contact maintenance.
Do not erase status messages that appear after dispatch. Inform
maintenance and record in the logbook.
To erase status messages, accomplish the following on the auxiliary SP 15.2
panel:
1. press the ECS/MSG switch
2. press the AUTO EVENT READ switch
3. press and hold the ERASE switch for 3 seconds
EICAS Status Messages Check status messages after shutdown and record in the logbook. Do NP 20.77
not attempt to erase these messages.
Electrical Outlets Only the in-seat 115-volt outlets may be used to power or charge F 7.1.9
personal electronic devices.
Electronic Equipment The following electronic equipment is installed: II
 1 ADF (two on the 767ER)
 2 Air Data Computers (ADC) on 757-200 and 767
 3 Air Data/Inertial Reference Units (ADIRU) on 757-300
 3 Autopilots
 2 DMEs
 2 EICAS Computers
 3 Flight Control Computers (FCC)
 2 Flight Management Computers (FMC)
 2 GPSs (if installed)
 3 ILSs
 3 Inertial Reference Units (IRU) on 757-200 and 767
 1 Marker Beacon Receiver
 2 Multi-Purpose Control Display Units (MCDU)
 3 Radio Altimeters
 3 Symbol Generators
 1 Thrust Management Computer (TMC)
 2 Transponders
 2 VORs

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Electronic Interference If electronic interference is suspected, discontinue use of all tablet F 3.2.14
devices on the flight deck and notify the flight attendants to
discontinue use of all PEDs in the cabin. Suspected interference
requires an ASR.
Emergencies and Non-Normals A non-normal is an event created by conditions, malfunctions or F 10.1.1
situations outside the scope of normal operations.
An emergency is a non-normal event which creates a potential hazard
to the aircraft, passengers or crew.
Emergency Authority In an emergency situation requiring immediate action, the Captain F 10.1.1
make take any action necessary. He may deviate from prescribed
procedures, methods, weather minimums and Federal Aviation
Regulations to the extent required in the interest of safety. ATC
clearance is not required prior to taking action, however, for safety
and priority handling it is essential that ATC be advised of the pilot’s
intentions as soon as possible.
Emergency Briefing The Captain should brief the Flight Leader on the following (TTSR): F 10.1.3
T – type of emergency
T – time to prepare cabin
S – special instructions (signal to brace/evacuate, usable exits, etc.)
R – repeat the information back to the Captain
Emergency Communications Notify: F 10.1.3
 flight attendants
 passengers “Two In, Two Out”
 ATC
 Flight Control
Emergency Declaration If an emergency is declared, the Captain must submit an ASR within F 10.1.1
24 hours of returning to base. (There are plenty of other things that
require an ASR too. See FOM Chapter 11.)
Emergency Landing Preparation Accomplish the following in preparation for an emergency landing: F 10.1.4
 if circumstances permit, the Captain will notify the Dispatcher of
the time, place and reason for the intended landing.
 direct the flight attendants to take appropriate precautions for the
passengers.
 loosen ties and remove sharp objects.
 notify the tower and fire department of the location and type of
any dangerous goods.
 for an overweight landing, refer to the QRH and the FOM.
 if a forced landing appears imminent and the aircraft is below
1,000 feet AGL, announce “Brace for landing” over the PA.
(“Brace for impact” might be more descriptive.)
Delta does not recommend foaming runways for emergency landings
and civilian airports in the US and US territories no longer foam
runways anyway.
Emergency Landings There is a checklist in the QRH for emergency landings. Q 0.6
Emergency Lights Emergency lights must be armed for taxi, takeoff and landing. They do NP 12.11
not need to be armed during passenger boarding or deplaning.
Emergency Signal Three distinct soundings of the flight attendant call system. Repeat as F 10.1.2
necessary.

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Emergency Suitable Airport When landing at the nearest suitable airport is necessary, the Captain F 10.1.15
and Dispatcher will determine suitability based on all relevant
factors. The chosen airport should provide the highest level of safety
available which, in the simplest case, is the nearest airport, in time,
with a runway long enough and wide enough. Other factors to
consider are:
 time to alternate and aircraft performance
 weather and terrain
 instrument approach facilities
 number, length and condition of runways
 pilot familiarity
 NOTAMS and facilities
This is not the same definition as an ETOPS suitable airport.
Emergency Types Do not use the terms red or yellow emergency with ATC. They are for F 10.1.1
Company use only.

A Red Emergency means that the Captain anticipates: F 10.1.2

 the landing may cause injury to the passengers and/or damage to
the aircraft
 an emergency evacuation is probable
 airport rescue and firefighting equipment is required

When the Captain declares a Red Emergency, the flight attendants:

 will prepare the cabin for an emergency landing/ditching
evacuation
 will instruct the passengers to brace for landing
 will anticipate an evacuation after landing

A Yellow Emergency means that the Captain anticipates:

 the landing will be successful and will not cause injury to the
passengers and/or damage to the aircraft
 an emergency evacuation is not anticipated or the evacuation
decision will be made after landing
 airport rescue and firefighting equipment may be required

When the Captain declares a Yellow Emergency, the flight attendants:

 will review the Evacuation Preparation checklist
 will not anticipate an evacuation after landing
 will be prepared for changing circumstances which may require
an evacuation after landing

A Medical Emergency exists when STAT-MD and the Captain

determine that a medical event is critical and requires an expedited
landing or divert.
Engine Compressor Surge or If an engine compressor surge or stall occurs during ground operations F 3.4.10
Stall or if a takeoff is rejected due to a compressor surge or stall, a
maintenance inspection is required prior to flight.
Engine Control Panel Position the Ignition Selector to 1 for the Captain’s leg and 2 for the NP 20.20
First Officer’s leg. Select Single for GE FADEC engines.
Engine Crossbleed Start The APU must be shut down or the APU bleed switch must be OFF. SP 7.3
The area behind the airplane should be considered, but crossbleed
thrust is usually less than breakaway thrust for single-engine taxi.
Advance the operating engine to approximately 70% N2.

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Engine Exceedance If an engine exceedance occurs on takeoff after thrust is set and the T 3.7
takeoff is continued, do not retard the thrust lever in an attempt to
control the exceedance because it invalidates takeoff performance.
Wait until at least 400' AGL and airspeed is acceptable before
retarding the thrust lever and accomplishing any required checklist.
Engine Failure (Dual Engine) Do not delay. Accomplish the Dual Engine Failure memory items and T 8.10
establish the appropriate airspeed immediately to take advantage of
high engine RPM and improve the chances of a successful restart.
Attempt a windmill restart using memory procedures before starting
the APU. If a windmill restart is not successful, start the APU as
soon as practical to provide power for subsequent start attempts.
Do not confuse the establishment of APU power with the
reestablishment of engine generator power.
Engine Failure on a CAT III CAT III autoland approaches are not authorized if an engine fails prior T 5.34
to Alert Height. If an engine fails below Alert Height, however,
disconnect the autothrottles, leave the flaps at 25/30 and make a
normal autoland with manual throttle.
Engine Failure on Final If an engine fails on final approach after landing flaps are selected, a T 5.36
Approach landing may be made with Flaps 25/30 if desired. It is usually
preferable to accelerate to 15 knots above the Vref 25/30 bug speed,
retract the flaps to 20 and continue the approach at Flaps 20 however.
If an engine fails after selecting landing flaps and a go-around is
desired, follow normal go-around procedures and retract flaps to 20.
If an engine fails and the flaps are retracted to 20 and then a go-around
is desired, follow single-engine go-around procedures and retract
flaps to 5.
Engine Failure on Go-Around If an engine fails during a two-engine go-around, perform the normal T 5.83
two-engine go-around procedures. Set maximum go-around thrust,
maintain Flaps 20 and Vref 30 + wind corrections until initial
maneuvering is complete and a safe altitude is reached.
Engine Failure, Surge or Stall If an engine fails, is shutdown, is being operated at reduced thrust due F 10.1.13
to a malfunction, or experiences a stall or surge and climb or cruise
power cannot be reestablished, land at the nearest suitable airport in
point of time.
If an engine surges or stalls and climb or cruise power can be re-
established, do not initiate an ocean crossing and coordinate with the
Dispatcher for the best course of action.
Engine Fire on Takeoff Accomplish the memory items when the airplane is under control, the T 8.8
gear has been retracted, and a safe altitude has been reached
(minimum of 400 feet AGL).
Engine Flameout Protection Prior to reducing thrust for descent in visible moisture with TAT below SP 16.60
(767 With GE Engines) 10ºC, even if the SAT is below -40ºC, turn engine anti-ice ON. If at
or below 22,000 feet, turn wing anti-ice ON as well. Even if the
airplane has automatic systems, turn the switches ON.
Do not operate engine or wing anti-ice when the TAT is above 10ºC.
Avoid flying directly above significant amber or red radar returns in
IMC.

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Engine Fuel Leak An increase in fuel imbalance of approximately 1,000 pounds or more Q 12.1
in 30 minutes should be considered an engine fuel leak.
Other indications of an engine fuel leak include: Q 12.9
 visual observation of fuel spray from strut or engine
 excessive engine fuel flow
 total fuel quantity decreasing at an abnormal rate
 FUEL CONFIG or LOW FUEL message on EICAS
 Fuel Disagree, Fuel Qty Error or Insufficient Fuel message on the
MCDU scratchpad
Engine Ground Pneumatic Start Duct pressure should be 30 psi or greater. SP 7.3
It takes two huffer carts or one “super huffer” to start an engine when
APU bleed air is not available.
Engine Indications There are no non-normal checklists for the loss of an engine indication QRH
or automatic display of the secondary engine indications. Continue NNCI 1.3
normal engine operation unless an EICAS message shows or a limit
is exceeded.
Engine Inflight Start Do not attempt a restart unless a greater emergency exists. Q 7.18
Engine Limit or Surge or Stall Accomplish the Engine Limit or Surge or Stall memory items and Q 7.6
checklist if:
 engine indications are abnormal
 engine indications are rapidly approaching or exceeding limits
 abnormal engine noises are heard, possibly with airframe
vibration
 there is no response to thrust lever movement or the response is
abnormal
 flames in the engine inlet or exhaust are reported
Engine N2 Overspeed (757) On some 757s, if N2 overspeeds to 105%, the engine will roll back to GS
85% N2 and probably be uncontrollable. On these airplanes, the
throttle will no longer control the engine and the engine will remain
at 85% N2 until shut down. On some airplanes with a more advanced
fuel control unit, however, throttle control of the engine may be
regained after the roll back. There is no way to tell what kind of fuel
control unit is installed.
Engine Oil Pressure On P&W engines, do not advance thrust beyond that required for taxi SP 16.3
until oil temperature reaches 50°C.
Engine Out Driftdown The aircraft must be able to clear all terrain along the intended route by F 5.3.16
at least 1,000 feet with a positive climb gradient.
If unable, the aircraft must be able to clear all terrain from the engine
failure point to the specified legal alternate by at least 2,000 feet.
AWABS will limit aircraft weight to ensure necessary performance.
Engine Overheat There is a checklist in the QRH for Engine Overheat. Do not confuse a Q 8.25
simple engine overheat with an Engine Limit, Surge or Stall
condition.
Engine Runs for Maintenance Engine runs above idle power are not authorized at the gate. F 6.1.2
For an engine run at the gate, the Flight Crew must be at the controls if
any passengers remain on board. If the jetway remains connected, do
not arm the slides.
For an engine run off the gate, all passengers must be deplaned and at
least one slide must be armed.
Engine Shutdown Checklists directing an engine shutdown must be evaluated by the QRH
Captain to determine whether an actual shutdown or operation at NNCI 1.3
reduced thrust is the safest course of action. Consideration must be
given to the probable effects of running the engine at reduced thrust.

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Engine Shutdown Turn the respective Engine Bleed Air switch off prior to engine NP 20.74
shutdown. The Bleed Off light should be illuminated. (Failure to do
so will probably cause bleed valve problems.)
Engine Start NP 20.44
Start selector to GND Verify oil pressure rise and N2 rotation.
Fuel Control to Run At 25% N2 or max motoring with:
 757 - 18% N2 minimum (magenta radial)
 767 - 15% N2 minimum (magenta radial)
Verify EGT increases and stays below the EGT limit.
Caution: Re-engagement of the starter with N2 in excess of 20% will
result in serious damage to the starter and engine.

Stable Start The engine is stabilized at idle after the red EGT start limit line NP 20.45
disappears, the starting EGT peaks, and N2 reaches 60% or greater
which enables full EEC authority.

Aborted Start Accomplish the Aborted Engine Start memory item and refer to the
QRH for one or more of the following conditions:
 oil pressure does not rise after selecting GND
 fuel flow is abnormally high or fluctuating
 EGT fails to rise within 20 seconds of selecting RUN
 EGT rises rapidly or approaches the limit
 N1 fails to increase after EGT rise
 EGT quickly nears or exceeds the start limit
 oil pressure indication is not normal by the time the engine is
stabilized at idle
Engine Start Advancing the engine start lever to idle prematurely can cause a hot TA 2.2
start.
Keep a hand on the engine start lever while observing RPM, EGT and
fuel flow until stabilized.
If fuel is shutoff inadvertently (by closing the engine start lever) do not
reopen the engine start lever in an attempt to restart the engine.
Failure of the Engine Start switch to hold in GRD until starter cutout
rpm is reached can result in a hot start.
Engine Start (767) Attempting to lower the flaps during engine start may result in a slow GS
or hot start. Flap extension causes the Air Demand Pump to operate,
which reduces airflow from the APU to the engine starter and may
cause a hung start or a hot start.
Engine Starter Duty Cycle The engine starter duty cycle is continuous for 5 minutes and then cool Limitations
for 30 seconds per minute of operation.
Engine Stator (757) On the 757, the L or R ENG STATOR EICAS messages indicates the Q 7.29
EEC is unable to control the stator vane actuator. Any thrust lever
movement or changes to anti-ice, air conditioning pack, or recirc fan
configuration may cause engine flameout.
Engine Tailpipe Fire Complete the Engine Tailpipe Fire checklist only if a fire is reported Q 8.8
on the ground and there is no engine fire warning. If an engine fire
warning is present, complete the Engine Fire or Severe Damage or
Separation memory items and checklist.
Engine Tailpipe Fire Motoring is the primary means of extinguishing the fire. T 8.8
The engine fire checklist is not appropriate because the fire
extinguishing agent is not effective against a fire inside the tailpipe.
Engine Warm Up and Cool Warm Up: 5 minutes desired, 3 minutes minimum NP 20.57
Down Times Cool Down: 3 minutes or gate arrival, whichever comes first NP 20.74
Engine-Out Rudder Trim In flight, correct rudder input approximately centers the control wheel. T 3.38

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Equipment and Furnishings The Equipment and Furnishings Manual (EFM) is located in the cabin F 2.3.2
Manual and provides a means for flight attendants to report non-safety
discrepancies to the pilots.
Neither the EFM nor the pilot worksheets are required for dispatch.
Equipment Overheat An equipment overheat is indicated by an EQPT OVHT (757) or FWD Q 2.13
EQUIP COOLING (767) EICAS message that remains illuminated.
On most airplanes:
 avionics on Standby Busses are reliable for 90 minutes (includes
standby flight instruments)
 avionics not on Standby Busses are subject to imminent failure
(includes EFIS displays)
On some 757s, non-essential avionics and electrical equipment are
subject to imminent failure but cooling is still provided to essential
avionics and electrical equipment.
Equipment Valve Light (767) An equipment cooling valve is not in the commanded position. Q 2.27
If the light remains on 30 seconds after selecting STBY, the airplane
may not pressurize. Do not take off.
Escape slides Escape slides and powered door opening disarm automatically when SP 1.3
doors are opened from outside the aircraft.
ETA Changes ATC must be notified without request when an ETA given is in error AM 6-22
by 3 minutes or more (not required in the U.S. when in radar contact
or with an ADS-C connection).
ETA Changes ETA changes of 3 minutes or more at the next reporting point can be SP 5.82
reported via CPDLC free text.
Reporting ETA changes of 3 minutes or more is not required with an AM 6-33
ADS-C connection except for Gander, Reykjavik, Santa Maria and
Shanwick FIRs. (Basically, no in the Pacific and yes in the Atlantic.)
ETA Changes In general, a .01 Mach change will change the ETA by 1 minute per SP 5.37
hour.
ETOPS Any flight where the planned route places the aircraft more than 60 AM 7-41
minutes from an adequate airport in still air with one engine out.

Equal Time Point (ETP) Designate an ETP on any flight where the planned route places the AM 7-51
aircraft more than 60 minutes from an adequate airport in still air
with one engine out (an ETOPS flight). Suitable airports must also be
designated.

ETOPS Adequate Airport An airport that meets FAA safety requirements and with a runway that
is sufficiently long and wide. The aircraft must be able to land within
60% of the available landing distance.

ETOPS Suitable Airport An adequate airport with weather reports and/or forecasts indicating
weather and field conditions are suitable for an engine-out approach
(CAT I) at the time of arrival.

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ETOPS ETP Fuel ETP diversion fuel is not an enroute requirement. Since the original AM 7-52
dispatch represents a conservative plan, it is permissible to have
actual fuel remaining at ETP less than the value listed. When actual
fuel remaining is less than flight planned, contact Flight Control for
revised time and burn data.
Fuel reserves at ETP cover a critical fuel contingency assuming the
following worst case scenario:
 pressurization loss in addition to or independent of an engine
shutdown
 engine and wing anti-ice on, plus ice accumulation on
unprotected surfaces (an additional 18%)
 loss of pressurization with descent and cruise at 10,000 feet at the
approved one-engine inoperative cruise speed
 APU operating
 five percent fuel reserve to allow for errors in wind forecast
 five percent fuel added for weather avoidance (180 ETOPS only)
 MEL/CDL penalties
 holding fuel (approximately 15 minutes at 1,500 ft. above the
alternate airport)
 fuel for approach and missed approach and subsequent approach
and landing
ETOPS ETP Fuel It's possible that Min Fuel for Takeoff will not provide the required GS
fuel at the ETP. Check by putting the ETP point in the route of flight
(do not execute) and note the fuel remaining. Compare to the
required ETP fuel and then erase the point.
Evacuation Anytime a situation occurs that alarms the passengers, a passenger F 10.1.3
Passenger Initiated initiated evacuation is possible. If an evacuation is not required, the
Captain should make the following PA: “This is the Captain. Remain
seated with your seat belt fastened.”
Upon being notified that an unwarranted passenger initiated evacuation F 10.1.6
has started, the Captain should:
 configure the aircraft for evacuation, if possible (engines)
 make a PA advising passengers the evacuation is not necessary
and to remain in their seats
Evacuation In an emergency situation, if the flight crew has not provided necessary F 10.1.6
Flight Attendant Initiated direction, the Flight Leader will attempt to contact the flight deck. In
a life threatening situation (fire, smoke or structural damage) and
once the aircraft has come to a complete and final stop, flight
attendants have the authority to initiate evacuation without
instructions from the flight deck.
Evacuation or Ditching TA 8.3
Captain For both ground evacuation and ditching, proceed to the forward cabin
area and assist as needed. Exit from the rear of the airplane after all
passengers are off if possible.

First Officer For a ground evacuation, proceed to the forward door area and ensure
forward exits are open. Exit from the forward exit and assist from
outside the aircraft.
For a ditching, take the ELT. Ensure forward exits are open. Exit from
a forward exit and board raft.

Relief Pilot (if installed) Open the cockpit door. Stow loose items.
If ground evacuation, proceed to the forward door area, ensure exits
are open, exit from a forward exit and assist from outside the aircraft.
If ditching, duties depend on the airplane. Refer to the QRH.
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Event Record To help improve pneumatic system reliability, press the Event Record NP 20.64
button after the descent is established and when the thrust levers are
at or near idle.
Expected Takeoff Report An Expected Takeoff (ETO) report is required when the time between AM 6-44
pushback and takeoff exceeds, or is expected to exceed, the taxi time
shown on the flight plan plus 15 minutes. (ACARS doesn’t know the
expected taxi time, however, and will prompt for an ETO report 15
minutes after pushback even if it’s not required yet.)
Subsequent ETO reports are required when it appears takeoff time will
exceed the last ETO report by more than 15 minutes.
False Glideslope An incorrect final approach fix crossing altitude indicates a possible T 5.18
false glideslope capture or an incorrect altimeter setting. Do not
continue the approach unless in visual conditions.
Fast/Slow Indicator The Fast/Slow indicator on the ADI is anticipatory. Use it as a trend GS
indicator for setting power instead of waiting for the airspeed to
respond. It works especially well on single-engine approaches.
Fighter Pilots Beware Boeing seems pretty serious about not using too much rudder. In TA 7.2
addition to the warning in Limitations, the following admonitions are
published in various places:

Stall Recovery TA 7.2

Excessive use of pitch trim or rudder may aggravate the condition or
may result in loss of control or high structural loads.

Upset Recovery TA 7.9

Excessive use of pitch trim or rudder may aggravate an upset
situation or may result in loss of control and/or high structural loads.

Recovery from a Fully Developed Stall T 7.23

Finally, if normal pitch control and roll control is ineffective, careful
rudder input in the direction of the desired roll may be required to
initiate a rolling maneuver recovery. Warning: Only a small amount
of rudder is needed. Too much rudder applied too quickly or held too
long may result in loss of lateral and directional control.
Final Approach Segment AM 3-32
Non-Precision Starts at the FAF or the FAP
 FAF – Maltese Cross
 FAP – on course inbound (“5-5-½ alive”)

Precision Starts at the Precision Final Approach Fix (PFAF) or FAP (ICAO),
which is established on the localizer with the glideslope centered at
the published glideslope intercept altitude. When ATC directs a
lower-than-published glide slope intercept altitude, it is the resultant
actual point of glide slope intercept. If more than one glide slope
intercept altitude is published, the point closest to the threshold is the
PFAF.

RNAV RNAV (GPS) with LNAV only: starts at the Maltese Cross
RNAV (GPS) with VNAV: starts where the level flight path intersects
the RNP glide path overlaid by the sloped/angled flight track
representing the final approach segment
RNAV (RNP): starts at the location where the level flight path
intersects the RNP glide path representing the final approach
segment. This point is labeled “GP Intcpt” on approach charts.

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Fire Extinguishers II
Halon All fires, but primarily on electrical, fuel and grease fires.
Water Fabric, paper and wood fires. Primary for laptop or PED fire.
Fire Extinguishers If a fire extinguisher is discharged on the flight deck, wear oxygen II
masks set to 100% oxygen with Emergency selected.
Fire Fighting Isolate the burning unit if possible. F 7.1.10
Laptop or PED Fire A water fire extinguisher or any non-flammable liquid will be most
effective at cooling the fire and keeping it from spreading.
If water is not available or if the flames persist, use a Halon fire
extinguisher.
Fire Fighting Remove power source from electrical fires as soon as possible. II
Avoid discharging fire extinguishers directly on people due to possible
suffocating effects. (A weapon against terrorists.)
Do not discharge too close to a fire as it may scatter the fire.
Stay away from the fuel source.
Avoid breathing vapors, fumes and heated smoke as much as possible.
Fire Switches II
Engine Silences the fire bell
Arms both fire bottles
Closes engine and spar fuel valves (6 items)
Closes the bleed valve
Trips the generator
Shuts off fluid to the engine-driven hydraulic pump

APU Silences the fire bell (and nose gear horn if on the ground)
Arms the APU fire bottle(s)
Shuts down the APU (backs up automatic shutdown if on the ground
with both engines shut down)
Closes the APU fuel valve (6 items)
Trips the APU generator
Closes the APU bleed valve

Forward Cargo Arms all cargo fire extinguisher bottles

Arms the compartment extinguisher valve
Turns off both recirc fans

Aft Cargo Arms all cargo fire extinguisher bottles

Arms the compartment extinguisher valve
Turns off the right recirc fan (757) or both recirc fans (767)
Inhibits high flow from both packs (767 only)
Fire Testing Engine, APU and Cargo – 19 lights and a bell SP 8.1
Wheel well – 5 lights and a bell SP 8.2
First Flight of the Day The First Flight of the Day checks need only be accomplished prior to NP 20.1
the first departure of the calendar day as noted in the logbook
First Officer Minimums AM 3-25
Lowest Vis for Takeoff RVR 1600 (500 m) or ¼ sm (400 m)
Lowest Vis for Approach CAT I approach, either ILS or non-precision AM 3-33
Flap Extension After wave off and prior to taxi, the Captain will command and the NP 20.48
First Officer will set the appropriate flap setting. If the WDR is not
available, the Captain will call for and the First Officer will set
Flaps 5. (It may or may not be changed after the WDR arrives.)
Flap Movement Do not move the flaps on the ground without appropriate clearance NP 20.27
from ground personnel.

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Flap Retraction Schedule With the aircraft accelerating: TA 3.8
 select Flaps 5 at Vref 30 + 20 on a Flaps 15 or 20 takeoff
 select Flaps 1 at Vref 30 + 40
 select Flaps Up at Vref 30 + 60

Flap Extension Schedule Call for flap extension to the next flap setting prior to slowing below TA 5.1
the maneuvering speed for the existing flap position.
As the aircraft decelerates:
 select Flaps 1 at Vref 30 + 80
 select Flaps 5 at Vref 30 + 60
 select Flaps 15 or 20 at Vref 30 + 40
 select Flaps 25 or 30 at Vref 30 + 20
Flaps 25 Landing Flights are dispatched to land with Flaps 30, but both Flaps 30 and T 5.8
Flaps 25 landing distances are in the ODM.
Flaps 25 may be used on all airplanes at the Captain's discretion. TA 5.1
Use normal reverse thrust. Higher reverse thrust will negate fuel
savings and increase engine wear.
Flaps 25 Landing If Flaps 30 approach speed, including wind additives, is within 10 T 6.42
knots of Flaps 30 placard speed, use Flaps 25 and Flaps 25 approach
speed, including wind additives, for landing.
Flight Attendant Staffing F 3.2.11
757-200 4 for dispatch, 2 for through flights
757-300, 767ER & 767G 5 for dispatch, 2 for through flights
767 6 for dispatch, 3 for through flights
Flight Deck Access Press the ENT key. SP 1.4
Enter the access code in the keypad. SP 1.6
Press the ENT key.
Flight Deck Door II
Lock Fail Light Indicates failure of the door locking mechanism. Door is not
electronically locked.
Auto Unlk Light Indicates access code has been entered and door will unlock in 30-60
seconds unless Deny is selected.
Deny Switch Cancels keypad entry request and starts a 5 minute keypad lockout
period to deny flight deck access. Hold for one second.
Flight Director On the ground, when the flight director is turned on it should command SP 4.1
wings level, 8° nose up and the flight mode annunciations should be
TO, TO, FD.
Flight Director Guidance On takeoff the flight director commands V2 + 15 knots or liftoff II
speed + 15 knots, whichever is higher. If the current airspeed remains
above the target speed for 5 seconds, the target speed resets to the
current airspeed up to a maximum of V2 + 25 knots. If the MCP
airspeed is manually increased, the flight director will command the
increased airspeed.
On go-around the autothrottles provide a climb of at least 2,000 fpm
and the flight director commands a climb at current airspeed or MCP
airspeed, whichever is higher. If the airspeed increases above the
initial target speed and remains there for 5 seconds, the target speed
resets to the current airspeed up to a maximum of MCP speed plus 25
knots. If the initial go-around speed was above MCP speed plus 25
knots, that speed is maintained.
On takeoff the flight director commands the ground track at time of lift
off.
On go-around the flight director commands the ground track at time of
engagement.

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Flight Dispatch Release An amendment to the FDR is required for: F 5.2.4
Amendments  ship change or equipment change
 speed or cost index change
 fuel flow factor change
 Dispatcher-approved MEL additions and deletions
 CDL additions and deletions
 route changes in excess of FOM guidance (100 nm lateral)
 takeoff or destination alternate additions or deletions
 return to the departure airport
 return to the gate if the conditions of the original FDR changed as
a result of the return to the gate
 significant payload changes
 fuel overfills in excess of:
1,000 pounds for narrow body or
1,500 pounds for wide body
 min fuel for takeoff changes
 any other appropriate circumstances
Flight Level Change Flight Level Change has logic to allow shallow climbs and descents for T 1.37
small altitude changes. There is no need to use Vertical Speed for
passenger comfort.
Flight Level Change Flight Level Change uses a two-minute rule (125 seconds) to prevent GS
the autothrottles from using full climb or idle power for small
altitude changes. There is no need to use Vertical Speed for small
altitude changes.
Flight Watch Communications between the airplane and the Company must be AM 6-41
possible at all times to comply with FAR flight watch requirements.
Whenever the engines are running, the First Officer shall maintain
flight watch requirements by:
 ensuring ACARS is operating properly (NO COMM not
displayed) or
 using SATCOM or
 selecting the proper VHF/HF frequency with a successful
SELCAL check or
 selecting the proper VHF/HF frequency and maintaining a
listening watch
Flights Without Flight Secure the cabin (carts, galleys, overhead bins, closets, lavs, etc.) and SP 1.1
Attendants arm at least the 1L and 1R doors.
Disarm the doors after block-in and signal the agent when it is safe to
open the main entry door.

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FMS “On Approach” Mode The FMC transitions to “on approach” mode for any of the following II
conditions:
 an approach procedure selected from the Arrivals page becomes
the active procedure on page 2 of the active Route page
 the destination is less than 12 nm away and the active leg is not
part of a procedure
 the missed approach point or last waypoint on the approach
procedure is the active waypoint and is less than 25 nm away
 flaps are extended after VNAV is engaged in descent mode (not
always)
Once the FMC is in “on approach” mode:
 the MCP speed window can be opened and VNAV will remain in
VNAV PATH
 the MCP altitude can be set above the airplane’s altitude for the
missed approach. If the altitude is set at least 300 feet above the
airplane’s current altitude, VNAV will continue the descent.
 VNAV will follow the descent in VNAV PATH unless the
airspeed increases to within 5 knots of the flap placard speed or
the airplane rises more than 150 feet above the path. In that case,
VNAV will change to VNAV SPD.
FMS Anomaly On PIP airplanes, when executing Direct to a down track fix and SP 5.69
copying ABEAM PTS, the temperature at the abeam point may reset
to ---/--- or 0/0, which may lead to incorrect performance calculations
including an Insufficient Fuel message. Reload the altitude and
temperature from the flight plan for one pressure level higher for any
abeam point that shows ---/--- or 0/0.
FMS Anomaly Sometimes the FMS will not go directly to the fix you entered. If there GS
is a fix with a step climb on the route between the aircraft’s present
position and the desired fix, the FMS may go to the step climb fix
first and then to the desired fix, which could lead to a violation.
Always check the FMS routing after executing a route change. (Yes,
it really happens sometimes.)
FMS Changes Do not execute an FMS change when approaching a fix with an GS
altitude restriction because the FMS will change from VNAV Path to
VNAV Speed while it recalculates the vertical path. VNAV Speed
will not take you below a crossing restriction, but without VNAV
Path you may miss an At-or-Below restriction. In some cases, the
horizontal path will disappear during the recalculation too. The best
practice is to wait until after the fix to execute any FMS changes.
FMS Data Link Do not initialize ACARS until ready to upload and accept the flight NP 20.13
plan and other associated data.
FMS Data Link If a VHF data link is not available on ACARS, make sure the IRSs are SP 5.58
aligned and in Nav mode before selecting INIT RQ and starting the SP 5.63
flight plan upload to the FMC. This provides SATCOMM with the
aircraft’s position and enables a data link via SATCOMM.
FMS Database Do not assume the first NAVAID listed in the FMS is the correct one. AM 7-6
FMS Database Effectively The FMS database should be changed for the first flight that departs on GS
the new effective day, always using local time. No specific
changeover time of day is ever used.
FMS Fuel Factor Compare the fuel factor on the flight plan to the fuel factor in the FMS NP 20.14
and update if necessary. To update, type “ARM” in the scratchpad
and line select over the existing fuel factor. Then type a forward
slash followed by the new fuel factor in the scratchpad, including a
negative sign if necessary, and line select over the fuel factor in the
FMS.
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FMS Pegasus Program Not all airplanes with the Pegasus Operational Program have GPS. SP 11.30
FMS Position Shift Do not enter a POS SHIFT or RWY/POS in the FMS. It may inhibit NP 20.50
the runway update function.
FMS Step Climbs If wind data will be uploaded via data link or if wind data for higher NP 20.15
and lower altitudes will be manually entered, set the Step Size to
1000 or 2000 as appropriate for the airspace.
If wind data for only the planned cruise altitude will be manually
entered, set the Step Size to zero.
Never leave the Step Size set to ICAO.
FMS Step Climbs Step climbs on the Legs page will override Performance page step size NP 20.15
information.
FMS Time Calculations The FMS will calculate two different time estimates for the active GS
waypoint. The time shown on the HSI is based only on current
winds. The time shown on the MCDU is based on a mixture of
current winds and forecast winds loaded into the FMS. The mixture
depends on the distance to the active waypoint. If the waypoint is a
long way away, most of the time calculation will be based on
forecast winds. If the waypoint is close, most of the calculation will
be based on current winds.
FMS Wind Extrapolation If an aircraft climbs above the highest loaded forecast wind, the FMS GS
uses the highest loaded forecast wind without extrapolation. For
example, if winds at FL350 are loaded and the aircraft climbs to
FL370, the FMS uses the winds at FL350.
If an aircraft descends below the lowest loaded forecast wind, the FMS
keeps the direction constant but extrapolates the speed uniformly to
zero at the surface. For example, if winds at FL270 are loaded and
the aircraft descends to FL250, the FMS will use winds from the
same direction but extrapolated to a lower speed.
FMS Wind Propagation The wind entry at a waypoint is propagated forward to all down track GS
waypoints until the next entry or the top of descent. In addition, the
wind entry at a waypoint is propagated backward to the airplane’s
present position if no other entries have been made. This can cause
problems with FMC time calculations if not corrected. For example,
assume a flight intends to cross the Atlantic at FL330 and then step
to FL350 over Europe. The crew loads strong winds into the FMS at
FL330 for the crossing and light winds at FL350 for the journey
across the Continent. In this case, the light winds at FL350 will
propagate all the way back across the Atlantic. If the flight is cleared
to cross the ocean at FL350 instead of FL330, the FMS will be using
light winds for its calculations and the time estimates will be wrong.
The solution, of course, is to load the correct winds for the actual
flight level flown.
Food Consumption Pilots should not eat identical meals from the same restaurant or F 3.2.17
kitchen within 6 hours of flight.
Pilots may eat the same meal in flight provided the meals are staggered
so that one pilot is monitoring the aircraft.
Crewmembers should not eat any food provided by a passenger.
Freezing Precipitation Do not take off during heavy freezing drizzle, heavy ice pellets, SP 16.19
moderate or heavy freezing rain.
Frost Ice or frost on the upper wing surface (which is unacceptable) from a SP 16.17
cold-soaked wing should be suspected if:
 frost or ice is observed on the underside of the wing, and
 the airplane arrived with a large amount of fuel in the wing tanks
Adding warm fuel to the wing tanks is the quickest way to alleviate a
cold-soaked wing condition.
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Frost If hoar frost extends down to the window area, the fuselage must be SP 16.17
de-iced.
Frost Takeoff with a light coating of frost up to 1/8 inch (3 mm) thick on the SP 16.2
lower wing surfaces due to cold fuel is permissible, however all
leading edge devices, all control surfaces, upper wing surfaces, and
winglet surfaces (as installed) must be free of snow, ice and frost.
Thin hoar frost is acceptable on the upper surface of the fuselage
provided all vents and ports are clear. Thin hoarfrost is a uniform
white deposit of fine crystalline texture, which usually occurs on
exposed surfaces on a cold and cloudless night, and which is thin
enough to distinguish surface features underneath, such as paint
lines, markings or lettering.
Fuel F 5.3.10
Alternate Fuel Burn Fuel burn to an alternate airport is calculated at planned landing weight
from a static takeoff at the destination airport and then flying normal
climb, cruise and descent profiles to the alternate via the shortest
available route while observing overwater and area navigation
restrictions.
Fuel F 5.3.10
Flight Plan Reserve Fuel For domestic flights, reserve fuel in the fuel planning block of the
flight plan (not the FMS Reserve Fuel) is the greater of minimum
fuel or 45 minutes of fuel burn at cruise.
For flag operations, reserve fuel is calculated by the Dispatcher and is
the greater of minimum fuel or additional fuel reserves required for
the flight. (e.g. 10%, 30 minute hold, B43 reserve, etc.)
Fuel F 5.3.11
Min Fuel for Takeoff Min Fuel for Takeoff is the FAR-required fuel when thrust levers are
advanced for takeoff.
Fuel F 5.3.7
FMS Reserve Fuel The FMS Reserve Fuel on the flight plan is the sum of:
 fuel to the alternate with the highest burn plus
 ballast/unusable fuel plus
 the greater of:
- minimum fuel (4,500 lbs. for 757 or 7,300 lbs. for 767) or
- FAR reserve fuel (45 min at cruise for domestic or 30 minutes
of holding at 1,500' AFE for international)
Fuel Anomaly (767) On some 767 aircraft the center tank fuel pumps occasionally may not FB 12-14
produce enough pressure to override the main tank fuel pumps
leading to simultaneous fuel consumption from the center tank and
the left and/or right main tank. There is no way to predict when this
will occur.
If this happens, do not turn off the center tank pumps because that may
trip the Universal Fault Interrupters and trap fuel in the center tank.
Leave the center tank pumps on until all fuel is burned from the
center tank.
If you notice the situation before the Fuel Config message appears,
accomplish the Fuel Balancing procedure in Supplemental
Procedures while using all center tank fuel first.
If you notice the situation after the Fuel Config message appears,
accomplish the Fuel Configuration checklist in the QRH while using
all center tank fuel first.
These procedures may result in extended flight with the main tanks
unbalanced until all center tank fuel is used.
Fuel Cap Requirements Only the 767ER requires fuel caps. F 5.4.19

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Fuel Config Light 1,800 pound fuel imbalance (757). II
2,000 ± 500 pound fuel imbalance (767).
1,200 lbs. or more in the center tank with center fuel pumps off.
2,200 lbs. or less in a main tank. (LOW FUEL message too.)
Fuel Crossfeed On aircraft with a single crossfeed switch, cycle the switch on then off NP 20.63
during the Descent check following an ETOPS flight. Record
abnormal operation in the logbook.
Fuel Documentation Do not pushback from the gate until obtaining F 5.4.13
 a paper Fuel Service Record (FSR), or
 an EFSR delivered via ACARS, or
 a printed copy of the EFSR provided by the gate agent
An FSR or EFSR is always required even if the aircraft did not require
any fuel.
If fueling is complete, the D-7 Pre-Pushback message will say either
“EFSR” or “Paper FSR Required.”
If fueling is not complete, the D-7 Pre-Pushback message will say
“Fuel Closeout Pending.” If you’re at an EFSR station you can close
the cabin door and pull the jetway while waiting for the EFSR, but do
not push back until you have it.
Fuel Filter Bypass On some 757s, the only indication of an impending fuel filter bypass is II
a status message. There will not be an EICAS warning, caution or
advisory.
Fuel Imbalance If the pre-fueling wing-to-wing fuel imbalance exceeds 1,500 pounds, F 5.4.14
look for an explanation on the FSR or EFSR such as APU run or
maintenance. If there is no explanation, contact Dispatch.
If the cause of the imbalance cannot be determined, the tank value for F 5.4.15
all tanks must be validated with fuel measuring sticks to verify gauge
reading.
Fuel Imbalance The primary purpose of fuel balance limitations is for the structural life T 8.23
of the airframe and landing gear and not for controllability.
Fuel Jettison (767ER) Ensure adequate weather minimums exist at the airport of intended T 8.25
landing before dumping.
Fuel jettison above 4,000 feet AGL ensures complete fuel evaporation.
Downwind drift of fuel may exceed 1 nm per 1,000 feet of drop.
Avoid jettisoning in a holding pattern with other aircraft below.
Fuel Jettison (767ER) Fuel will jettison at approximately 1,300 ppm. II
There is no ground safety switch. Fuel will jettison on the ground if the
system is activated.
Fuel Jettison (767ER) Notify ATC of intention and termination. F 10.2.7
If possible, dump fuel at 4,000' AGL or above.
Do not dump fuel in a descending circular pattern.
The cabin should be pressurized if possible.
Fuel Low Avoid high nose up attitudes and excessive acceleration and Q 12.20
deceleration if fuel is low.

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Fuel Minimums F 10.1.11
757 Minimum Fuel: 4,500 lbs.
Emergency Fuel: 3,500 lbs.
Final Approach Fuel: 300 lbs.

767 Minimum Fuel: 7,300 lbs.

Emergency Fuel: 5,300 lbs.
Final Approach Fuel: 500 lbs.

Minimum Fuel Enough fuel to hold at 1,500' AFE for 30 minutes and then fly one
approach plus fuel tank gauge tolerance.

Emergency Fuel Enough fuel to initiate a missed approach at 200' AFE and then climb F 10.1.12
to 1,500' AFE, proceed downwind and fly another approach from a
point 10 miles from the end of the runway plus any fuel tank gauge
tolerance. Emergency fuel is approximately 30 minutes of fuel
remaining. Warning: Executing a missed approach with less than
emergency fuel could result in engine flameout.

Final Approach Fuel Approximate fuel required to complete a normal approach from the F 10.1.11
FAF.
Fuel Pump Pressure Fuel pump pressure should be supplied to the engines at all times. SP 12.1
Thrust deterioration or engine flameout may occur at high altitude
without fuel pump pressure. (The engines may not suction feed at
high altitude.)
Fuel Required On the Preflight Procedure, if the actual fuel on board is less than flight NP 20.34
plan block fuel, ensure Min Fuel for Takeoff plus flight plan taxi fuel
is on board.

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Fuel Requirements F 5.4.1
Domestic Do not take off unless there is enough fuel on board to:
 fly to and land at the destination and then
 fly to and land at the most distant alternate and then
 fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise consumption

Delta’s Ops Specs permit the use of domestic fuel reserves between the
US, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Alaska. Flag fuel on these
legs would normally result in less required fuel than using domestic
rules.

International
Straight Release Do not take off unless there is enough fuel on board to: F 5.4.1
 fly to and land at the airport to which released and then
 fly for a period of 10% of the total time from departure to the
airport to which released and then
 fly to and land at the most distant alternate and then
 hold for 30 minutes at 1,500' AFE

For a flight to be dispatched on a straight release, weather reports

and/or forecasts must indicate conditions will be:
 at or above landing minimums at the time of arrival at any airport
to which the flight is dispatched or
 at or above the landing minimums at the time of arrival for any
required destination alternate airports

Ops Spec B044 Ops Spec B044 (planned redispatch) provides relief from straight F 5.4.2
(Planned Redispatch) release fuel requirements by dividing the flight into two parts using
an intermediate airport which reduces the required fuel reserve. Two
independent 10% reserves are calculated.

For a flight to be dispatched under B044, weather reports and/or

forecasts must indicate conditions will be:
 at or above landing minimums at the time of arrival at any airport
to which the flight is dispatched or
 at or above the landing minimums at the time of arrival for any
required destination alternate airport

Ops Spec B043 Ops Spec B043 provides relief from straight release fuel requirements F 5.4.8
(10% of Class II) by allowing the reserve fuel to be 10% of the time in Class II
airspace instead of 10% of the total flight time.

For a flight to be dispatched under B043, weather reports and/or

forecasts must indicate conditions will be:
 at or above the IFR approach and landing minimums at the time
of arrival at any airport to which the flight is dispatched and
 at or above the IFR approach and landing minimums at the time
of arrival at any required alternate airport
Fuel Service Record (FSR) The paper FSR must be signed by the fueler and pilots must check for F 5.4.18
the fueler’s signature.
Check the Equals Difference block. An actual difference greater than
allowable difference may indicate a truck or aircraft gauge
malfunction. Stick verification is required.
Fuel Tankering Unless operationally necessary, do not tanker fuel into or out of SNA. F 5.4.24

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Fuel Tolerances F 5.4.21
Preflight Contact the Dispatcher if fuel on board (FOB) is greater than block
fuel by more than:
 1,000 lbs. for narrow body
 1,500 lbs. for wide body

Pushback/Start Contact the Dispatcher anytime FOB is less than Min Fuel for Takeoff
plus flight plan taxi fuel.

Takeoff Do not take off and contact the Dispatcher if FOB is less than Min Fuel
for Takeoff.

Waypoint Passage Contact the Dispatcher if FOB is significantly less than PRMG.

Destination Minimum fuel for touchdown at the destination is FMS Reserve Fuel.

Alternate Minimum fuel for touchdown at an alternate is FAR Reserve Fuel or

Minimum Fuel, whichever is greater, plus any ballast or unusable
fuel.
Generator Drive Light Indicates high oil temperature or low oil pressure in the integrated II
drive generator (IDG).
Generator Lights Generator OFF and DRIVE lights remain illuminated until the NP 20.19
respective engine is started.
Go-Around Armed Go-Around is armed when the flaps are extended (flap lever not up) on II
any approach or at glideslope capture on an ILS if glideslope capture
occurs first.
Go-Around Call If any pilot recognizes conditions outside the stabilized approach F 3.4.10
criteria, a go-around must be called. If any pilot calls a go-around,
the call must be honored.
Gross Navigation Error In Class I airspace, the airway includes 4 nm either side of centerline. AM 7-12
In Class II airspace, the airway includes 15 nm either side of
centerline.
Excursion beyond these airway limits is considered a gross navigation
error and must be immediately reported to ATC to obtain an
amended clearance. Consider filing a NASA report.
Heading Hold The flight director/autopilot rolls wings level and holds the heading SP 4.1
that exists at the time the wings become level.
Altitude Hold The flight director/autopilot will hold, or return to and hold, the II
altitude that existed when the switch was pressed.
Headsets and Boom Headsets and boom microphones are required below 18,000 feet from F 3.4.5
Microphones the Pushback checklist until the Shutdown checklist is complete.
Headsets must be TSO compliant and may not be modified.
Jumpseat occupants are encouraged to monitor radio communications.
Heavy Rain, Hail or Sleet Avoid thunderstorms, hail, and visible moisture over storm cells. SP 16.57
Moderate to heavy rain, hail or sleet should be avoided to the
maximum extent possible.
Place the Engine Start Selectors to CONT when flight in or near heavy
rain or hail is encountered or anticipated.
HF Data Link (757-300) HF Data Link is installed on some 757-300s. If installed, use the left NP 20.29
HF for data and the right HF for voice.
HF Data Link (757-300) HF Data Link transmissions are inhibited on the ground. (Fueling) SP 5.119
HF Emergency Frequency 2182 kHz is monitored by Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Centers, AM 9 US-13
Coast Guard units, most commercial coast stations and some ships.
Range is generally less than 300 miles.

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HF Emergency Frequency Merchant ships may be contacted on 2182 kHz or 4125 kHz. TA 8.1
Some ships can provide a homing signal on 410 kHz.
HF Radio Check An HF radio preflight check is not required if it can be determined the AM 6-7
HF radio was used on the last flight and was not written up in the
logbook.
A SELCAL check is not a required component of the HF radio check.
When a preflight check is required, if the coupler tone, side tone and
audio reception are heard, the HF radio is considered to be working
and the flight may proceed.
You must obtain two-way HF radio communications before entering
areas requiring HF communications. A successful SELCAL check is
desired to preclude maintaining a listening watch.
HF Radios Do not operate the HF radios while fueling is in progress. (Boom!) SP 5.97
USB is preferable for HF communications. AM should be off.
Decreasing sensitivity too far prevents reception, including SELCAL
monitoring of the HF radio.
Holding Configuration Maintain clean configuration if holding in icing conditions or T 4.30
turbulence.
Holding Fix The holding fix must be a route waypoint (on the Legs page) or the SP 11.18
present position to use the FMS for holding.
Holding Speed If holding speed is not available from the FMC, the following schedule T 4.31
may be used:
 flaps up maneuvering speed at low altitudes
 Vref 30 + 100 knots above FL250
Holding Speeds (US) AM 3-11
6,000' MSL and below 200 kts max
Above 6,000' to 14,000' MSL 230 kts max (210 kts in Anchorage, NY, and Washington Centers)
Above 14,000' MSL 265 kts max

Holding Times
Above 14,000' MSL 1½ min
14,000' MSL and below 1 min

Standard Pattern Right turns AM 3-102

Max Teardrop Angle 30 degrees
Slow to Holding Speed Within 3 minutes of the holding fix. Do not slow early without ATC AM 3-101
approval, but cross the holding fix on speed.
Reporting Report time and altitude entering and report leaving. AM 6-22
No Holding Instructions Hold on the inbound course to the clearance limit fix using a standard AM 3-101
holding pattern (right turns).
After Departing Holding Resume normal speed unless otherwise instructed.
Holding Technique Unless cleared to hold at your present position or at a published GS
holding pattern already in the FMS, load the radial of the holding
pattern into the FMS instead of the course. Controllers normally
assign holding on a radial, so that immediately eliminates a lot of
confusion. Then compare the holding pattern in the FMS to the
assigned holding pattern and make any needed corrections. If the
quadrant is incorrect (e.g. you’re supposed to hold west, but the FMS
shows the holding pattern to the east), take the course from the
quadrant line and plug it into the radial line. That should flip the
holding pattern and make it correct. Then add holding pattern
directions, lengths, times, EFCs, etc.
Holding Time Available The holding time available from the FMC is only accurate for clean or T 1.29
Flaps 1 configurations and provided the FMC holding speed is
maintained.
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Holdover Time Holdover time is the estimated time that anti-icing fluid will prevent SP 16.19
frozen contaminants from forming on treated surfaces.
Holdover time begins when the final fluid application begins and ends
when the fluid loses effectiveness or when the holdover time
extracted from the chart expires.
Holdover Time OAT is determined by the most current weather report or ATIS. SP 16.36
Type and intensity of the frozen precipitation is determined by the
most current official report.
If a pilot assesses the intensity greater than that being reported, he will
use the heavier precipitation in the holdover tables.
If a pilot assesses the intensity less than that being reported, he shall SP 16.37
request a new observation be taken and reported.
A pilot may act on his own assessment of lesser precipitation intensity
only for snow or ice pellets and only if the intensity is grossly
different from that being reported (e.g. the snow has stopped).
 the pilot’s assessment must be sent to Flight Control via ACARS
 a cabin check is required within 5 minutes of takeoff
Pilot assessment of freezing drizzle or freezing rain is not permitted
unless no precipitation is actually falling, however freezing drizzle
and freezing rain adhering to the aircraft are so hard to detect that if
these conditions are reported or anticipated the aircraft shall be
de/anti-iced as a precaution against encountering these conditions
during taxi out.
Holdover Time Range Whenever a time range is given, the shorter time is for moderate SP 16.38
precipitation conditions and the longer time is for light conditions.
Holdover time for heavy conditions will be less than the shortest time
in the range.
Horizontal Stab Index Marks For maintenance use only. GS
Human Organs Human organs are not considered dangerous goods and do not require F 8.3.1
a NOTOC.
Human organs may not be transported on the flight deck.
On international flights, human organs must be loaded in the bulk
compartment or aft compartment if there is no bulk compartment.
Eye/cornea shipments must be transported in the cargo compartment.
Some human organs are packed in a special module and may be carried
in the cabin.
Hydraulic Pump Lights Left and right engine hydraulic pump PRESS lights remain illuminated NP 20.18
until the respective engine is started.
Hydraulic Systems Pressurize the right hydraulic system first and depressurize it last to NP 20.41
avoid transferring hydraulic fluid between systems. NP 20.75
On the 767, turn the center electric hydraulic pumps on before the GS
center air demand pump and turn the center air demand pump off
before the center electric pumps. This keeps the ADP from cycling
on and off momentarily which causes leaks.
Ice Crystal Icing At temperatures below freezing near convective weather, the airplane SP 16.58
may encounter visible moisture made up of high concentrations of
small ice crystals. Ice crystals can accumulate in the engine core and
shedding can cause engine vibration, power loss and damage.
There is no significant airframe icing and the ice detection system is
not designed to detect ice crystal icing.
Ice crystals will not cause significant radar returns.
During flight in IMC, avoid flying directly over significant amber or
red radar returns even if there are no returns at the airplane’s altitude.

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Ice Crystal Icing Ice crystal icing may be indicated by: Q 3.5
 the airplane is in visible moisture with amber or red radar returns
below the airplane (you’re above a thunderstorm)
 appearance of liquid water on the windscreen at temperatures too
cold for rain. The sound is different from rain too.
 light to moderate turbulence
 St. Elmo’s fire
 smell of sulfur or ozone
 humidity increase
 the autothrottle is unable to maintain the selected airspeed
 the TAT indication remains near 0°C
Engine indications of engine ice crystal icing may include:
 the amber max EPR lines or EPR bugs or N1 bugs may decrease
while at constant altitude and airspeed
 the EPR indications are not aligned
 inability to achieve max continuous thrust or max climb thrust
Ice Crystal Icing If ice crystal icing is suspected, refer to the QRH for the procedure. Q 3.5
Ice Detection System Some airplanes (both 757s and 767s) do not have an ice detection Differences
system installed and the airframe must be monitored for ice buildup.
Refer to the Differences section of Volume 1 and/or look for an Icing
light on the overhead panel.
If an ice detection system is not installed, the only indication of
airframe icing will be ice buildup near the windscreen.
Ice Near Static Ports Snow or ice immediately forward of static ports may disturb the SP 16.2
airflow over the ports resulting in erroneous readings even when the
ports are clear.
Ice on Flaps After prolonged operation in icing conditions with the flaps extended, SP 16.12
or if airframe ice is observed, or after landing on a runway
contaminated with ice, snow or slush, do not retract the flaps to less
than Flaps 20 until the flap areas have been checked free of
contaminates.
Ice on Static Ports Clear ice on the static ports can be difficult to detect (but dangerous!). T 2.2
Inflight Icing The greatest threat of inflight icing is between 0°C and -15°C OAT. AM 4-56
The threat decreases as the OAT decreases to -40°C.
Operations into known severe icing conditions are prohibited. AM 4-58
Make a report to both ATC and Flight Control when encountering AM 4-59
moderate or severe icing.

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Intercepting a Radial Outbound Use HDG Select to comply with the ATC clearance. GS
Deselect LNAV if armed.
Manually tune the VOR frequency and radial to see a display of the
track on the HSI as a dashed green line.
Select the Legs page.
 enter the VOR on line L1
 execute
 create a place-radial/distance waypoint from the VOR (e.g.
ATL180/99)
 insert the created waypoint at L2, which is below the VOR on L1
 execute
 line select the created waypoint at L2 to the scratch pad and then
insert it on line L1
 the course from the VOR to the created waypoint will appear on
line R6 in small font. Press R6 to make the font large.
 check the HSI for accuracy. The dashed green and dashed white
lines should overlay.
 execute
Arm LNAV and monitor capture.
Intercepting an Airway “Direct – Route – Intercept – Clean Up” GS
(DRI-Clean) Use HDG Select to comply with the ATC clearance.
Deselect LNAV if armed.
Refer to the Enroute chart for the proper frequency and radial and
manually tune the VOR and radial that defines the airway. A dashed
green line will display on the HSI.
Select the Legs page.
 enter a VOR or airway fix on the airway behind the aircraft on
line L1 to anchor the airway
 execute
Select the ROUTE page.
 enter the airway from the anchor point to the clearance limit
 execute
Select the Legs page.
 use the HSI to determine the first waypoint on the airway that is
downstream of the aircraft’s intercept point with the airway
 select that waypoint to the scratch pad and insert on line L1.
 the course on the airway to that waypoint will appear on line R6
in small font. Press R6 to make the font large.
 check the HSI for accuracy. The dashed green and dashed white
lines should overlay.
 execute
Arm LNAV and monitor capture.
Clean up the routing to match the clearance. Check the RTE page to
make sure it matches the clearance exactly.
IRS Align Lights Do not turn the IRSs off for flashing align lights except when called SP 11.15
for by the procedure in Supplemental Procedures.
IRS Align Lights Flashing Align lights indicate: II
 the IRUs have been in align mode for more than 10 minutes
without a present position entered
 an incorrect present position was entered (a significant difference
from the shutdown position)
 the airplane was moved during alignment
IRS Alignment II
Full 10 minutes (17 min at high latitudes, less than 10 min at low latitudes)
Quick 30 seconds
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IRS Alignment Enter present position using the most accurate latitude and longitude NP 20.14
available (i.e. GPS, gate, parking spot or airport coordinates).
IRS Alignment IRS mode selectors must be selected off for at least 30 seconds and the NP 20.13
Align lights must be extinguished prior to a full alignment.
IRS Alignment Perform a full alignment prior to every flight. NP 20.13
IRS Drift Rates Check IRS drift rates if the airplane was operated in Class II airspace NP 20.77
for more than one hour. Make a logbook entry if any drift rate
exceeds 2 nm per hour.
Jammed Flight Controls If a flight control is jammed or restricted: Q 9.9
 overpower the jammed or restricted system. Use maximum force
including the combined effort of both pilots if needed.
 do not turn off any flight control hydraulic power switch
 if the failure could be due to freezing water, consider a descent to
a warmer temperature and attempt to overpower the jammed or
restricted system again
Joint Responsibility The Captain and the Dispatcher must agree that the planned flight is F 5.2.1
safe and can be operated in accordance with FARs and company
policies. Either may delay the flight, but only Flight Control may
cancel a flight.
Jumpseat Briefing The Captain will ensure that each flight deck jumpseat occupant is F 3.3.1
briefed on flight deck entry and exit procedures and in accordance
with the Observer Briefing placard.
Jumpseat Riders The number of seats available to jumpseat riders is equal to the number F 4.3.1
of available flight deck seats and available cabin passenger seats in
all cabins. (Unlimited flow back.)
A jumpseat rider who is issued a boarding pass for a cabin seat instead
of a 1P or 2P boarding pass for the jumpseat will be considered a
non-revenue passenger and non-rev procedures apply. There is no
need to check in the with the Captain.
If a jumpseat rider is authorized to sit in the cockpit, his boarding pass F 4.3.4
will show a 01P or a 02P. Not required for an FAA Aviation Safety
Inspector.
Only Delta employees may sit on the jumpseat on international flights. F 4.3.5
Non CASS-approved pilots/dispatchers must sit in the cabin. F 4.3.10
Jumpseat Seatbelts Ensure jumpseat(s) that will be unoccupied for the flight are secured NP 20.4
and shoulder harnesses are retracted or secured. Lap belts should be
fastened in non-folding jumpseats.
LAHSO Authorized Dry runway only. AM 3-17
No tailwind component.
No windshear report or advisory within the last 20 minutes.
No MEL items affecting stopping distance.
Must be above 1,000 feet AGL to accept a LAHSO clearance.
Vertical guidance (ILS or PAPI/VASI) is always required.
PAPI/VASI is required at night.
Weather Requirements:
 1,500/5 minimum with only ILS available
 1,000/3 minimum with ILS and PAPI/VASI available
LAHSO Runway Lights When in-pavement lighting is installed, the lights will be on whenever AM 3-18
LAHSO is being conducted, even when the full length of the runway
is available.

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LAND 2 Pitch Trim If LAND 2 is displayed on the ASA, the autopilot will automatically II
apply nose-up pitch trim as the airplane descends below 330' RA for
757-200s or below 100' RA for 757-300s and 767s. If the autopilot is
then disengaged, it will take 20-30 pounds of forward pressure to
counter the added pitch up trim. If an automatic go-around is
accomplished, the trim is automatically removed.
On airplanes with older FCCs, the nose up pitch trim is also added for T 5.33
LAND 3.
Landing at Nearest Suitable Situations include, but are not limited to: QRH
Airport Required  when stated in the checklist NNCI 1.3
 fire or smoke which continues
 only one AC power source remains (engine or APU generator)
 only one hydraulic system remains
 as determined by the flight crew
Landing Configuration Warning A landing configuration warning will occur on a go-around if the gear T 8.17
is raised with the flap position greater than 20 as might happen on a
go-around with a flap or slat malfunction.
Landing Gear Alternate If the landing gear is extended using alternate gear extension, the gear T 8.26
Extension cannot be raised.
Landing Gear Lights There are two bulbs in each green Landing Gear Down light assembly, GS
but only one bulb will illuminate after gear extension when on
Standby power. It might be wise to make sure all bulbs are working
prior to takeoff. If you end up on Standby power, you don't want the
burned-out bulb to be the one you need. You already have enough
problems.
Landing Gear Non-Normals Land on all available gear. Cycling the landing gear in an attempt to T 8.29
extend the remaining gear is not recommended.
Landing Gear Pins A logbook entry must be made whenever gear pins are installed and F 6.1.4
the entry must be cleared prior to the aircraft's release.
Maintenance will only use the gear pins from the aircraft storage
compartment and they must be returned to the storage compartment
prior to aircraft release.
Landing Gear Strut Extension During preflight inspection, the strut may not be fully compressed. NP 20.5
Layover Hotel Change If the layover hotel is different from that listed on the current rotation F 4.2.1
in DBMS, inform Crew Accommodations or Crew Tracking so Delta
can find you.
Layover Transportation Any changes to scheduled local transportation pick up time must be F 3.2.19
coordinated through the Station Manager.
Only Crew Tracking can authorize a late pick up in order to maintain
FAR required crew rest.
Layover Transportation Wait time for hotel crew transportation should be no more than 20 F 4.2.1
minutes. If the wait time is more than 20 minutes and the situation
cannot be resolved, secure a taxi voucher from Operations or pay for
a cab and submit an expense statement for reimbursement.
Left Recirc Fan (757) Do not turn off the left recirc fan on the 757. SP 2.1
Lightning Strike, Bird Ingestion Make a logbook entry and notify the Dispatcher. F 10.2.9
or FOD Damage
Live Animals Live animals must be shipped in the aft cargo bin on the 757 or in the F 8.1.7
aft cargo bin or bulk bin on the 767.
Unless takeoff is imminent, live animals must be removed from the
aircraft if the following time limits are exceeded:
 2 hours for temperatures between 20°F and 75°F (-7°C and 24°C)
 1 hour for temperatures warmer or cooler than above

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LNAV Warning On an ILS approach, when using LNAV to intercept the final approach NP 20.68
course, LNAV might parallel the localizer without capturing it. The
airplane can then descend on the glideslope with the localizer not
captured.
Logbook Entries If the aircraft has departed the gate and MEL/CDL procedures have F 3.4.9
been applied, logbook entries and placarding may be delayed until
after airborne, however they must be completed before flight
termination.
Logbook Review All crewmembers must review the logbook to become familiar with the NP 20.2
history and maintenance status of the aircraft.
Ensure the logbook matches the ship number.
Ensure an Airworthiness Release has been signed by maintenance
except that an Airworthiness Release is not required at a Delta non-
maintenance station when discrepancies do not exist.
Review any EP-19 forms for special equipment and/or operating
instructions.
MCOs must be reviewed using the MDM.
Ensure an ETOPS Pre-Departure Check is recorded prior to an ETOPS
departure.
Long-Range Nav System A long-range navigation system is defined as: GS
 one FMS and one MCDU supported by one or more IRUs or
GPS, or
 one MCDU with alternate nav capability supported by its IRU.
Not all aircraft have MCDUs with alternate nav capability.
Lost Comm (US) Squawk 7600 (not 7700 first for simple lost comm). AM 9-3
If VMC, maintain VFR and land as soon as practical.
If unable to maintain VFR: AM 9-4
 route: assigned, vectored, expected or filed. (AVEF)
 altitude: highest of assigned, expected or minimum
ICAO procedures are different. Refer to the Airway Manual Chapter 9.
Low RNP Operations During low RNP operations (RNP less than 0.3), crews may T 7.26
experience momentary Caution-level terrain alerts. If these alerts are
of short duration and have ceased, crews should verify they are on
the correct path and consider continuing the approach in LNAV and
VNAV. The risks of terrain contact during the terrain avoidance
maneuver may be higher than continuing on the required track.
Warning-level terrain alerts (“Pull Up!”) always require immediate
action. The most appropriate action depends on where the terrain
avoidance maneuver is initiated.
Lower Crew Rest Low Airflow The Low Airflow alert may sound momentarily during power transfers SP 1.10
or power down. It may also sound if both packs or recirc fans are not
operating.
If the alert sounds, press the Low Airflow Alert Reset switch to reset
the system. If the alert continues, evacuate the facility.
Lowest Permissible Visibility Takeoff: RVR 500 with HIRL and CL AM 3-6
Landing: RVR 300 with CAT III autoland AM 3-8
Main Battery Discharge Flight beyond 30 minutes (90 minutes on the 757-300) may result in Q 6.21
complete loss of electrical power.

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Mandatory ATC Reports In addition to position reporting, the following reports are to be made AM 6-22
to ATC without request:
 vacating a previously assigned altitude or flight level
 immediately upon reaching a new flight level (in non-
radar/procedural airspace)
 leaving a holding fix or point
 leaving the final approach fix inbound on final approach (not
required in the U.S. when in radar contact)
 when an approach has been missed. Request clearance for
specific action; for another approach, to another airport, etc.
 time and altitude or flight level reaching a holding fix or
clearance limit
 encountering either un-forecast or hazardous weather conditions
 the loss of navigation capability, or impairment of air to ground
communications capability. Reports should include aircraft
identification, equipment affected, degree to which the capability
to operate under IFR in the ATC system is impaired, and the
nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC.
 when unable to climb or descend at a rate of at least 500 feet per
minute.
 when the true airspeed varies or is expected to vary from the
speed filed in the original flight plan by one of the following
amounts:
o plus or minus 5% or 10 knots, whichever is greater (U.S.)
o plus or minus 5% or more (ICAO)
 changes in ETA for the next reporting point when an ETA given
is in error by 3 minutes or more (not required in the U.S. when in
radar contact or with an ADS-C connection except for Gander,
Reykjavik, Santa Maria and Shanwick FIRs) AM 6-33
Manual Engine Performance If necessary, complete for flights over one hour once every three hours. SP 7.6
Report Turn the autothrottles off and allow the engines to stabilize 3-5
minutes before taking the snapshot.
Max Continuous Thrust With the autothrottles engaged: GS
 Max Continuous Thrust may be selected while in VNAV on the
767. Just push the CON button on the TMSP.
 Max Continuous Thrust may not be selected while in VNAV on
the 757. Another pitch mode must be selected first. For example,
select Flight Level Change and then press CON.
With the autothrottles disengaged, Max Continuous Thrust may be
selected while in VNAV on both airplanes which is why the first step
of the Driftdown checklist is to turn the A/T ARM switch off.
Maximum Altitude When at or near the FMC maximum altitude, it is possible for LNAV T 4.9
inputs (e.g. bank angles) to exceed the capability of the airplane,
leading to loss of altitude or airspeed.
Turbulence at or near the maximum altitude can momentarily increase
the airplane’s angle of attack and activate the stick shaker.
Maximum Climb Rate The FMC does not provide maximum climb rate speeds, but they may T 4.7
be approximated by:
 757 – clean speed + 50 knots until intercepting .76 Mach
 767 – clean speed + 50 knots until intercepting .78 Mach
Maximum Range Cruise Enter a cost index of zero. T 4.11

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Maximum Thrust For airplanes with the EECs operating normally, maximum thrust is T 1.20
obtained by advancing the thrust levers full forward (firewall).
For airplanes with EECs operating in the alternate mode, maximum
thrust is obtained by advancing the thrust levers to the full-rated
takeoff or go-around limit only. Advancing the thrust levers to the
full forward stop should be considered only if terrain contact is
imminent.
MCDU Failure Do not enter Class II or MNPS airspace with only one MCDU on any GS
aircraft. Note that a failed MCDU is not the same as a failed FMC.
MCDU Operations Before taxi, either the Captain or the First Officer may make MCDU NP 12.1
entries and the other pilot must verify.
Make MCDU entries before taxi or while stopped, if possible. If
entries are necessary during taxi, the First Officer will make the
entries and the Captain must verify.
In flight, MCDU entries will normally be made by the PF. When the
autopilot is off or in a high-workload environment, the PF should
direct the PM to make MCDU entries. Both pilots should verify
MCDU entries affecting lateral or vertical flight.
MCO Expiration MCOs expire after the following time periods: MEL
Category A – as specified in the Remarks Page XI
Category B – 3 days
Category C – 10 days
Category D – 120 days
For Categories B, C and D, and for Category A items where the time is
specified in days, the day the item was recorded in the logbook is
excluded.
MCO Expiration The Captain and the Maintenance Coordinator have joint responsibility F 3.4.7
to ensure MCO expiration periods are not exceeded for MEL
Category B, C and D items.
Except for just-added logbook entries, each Category B, C or D item F 3.4.8
should have an expiration date listed on the flight plan. If the
logbook and flight plan don’t match or there is no expiration date,
contact Dispatch and the MCC for verbal confirmation the MCO has
not expired.
CDL and Special items do not have expiration dates.
MCO Items MEL items listed as Y or Y* in the “Flight Crew May Placard” column MEL
may be placarded by the flight crew and the flight crew may perform Page XI
any required (M) or (O) procedures.
MEL items listed as Y* may be placarded by the flight crew at Delta
maintenance stations with the cabin door open with MCC approval.
MCO Placards When enroute to a non-maintenance station with a yellow placard F 3.4.9
requiring a repetitive check by other than a crewmember, the
inbound crew must notify the MCC and/or stations personnel through
Flight Control.
MEDEVAC Use the call sign MEDEVAC when carrying urgently needed F 8.3.2
lifesaving medical materials or vital organs. This will provide
expeditious ATC handling but does not constitute an emergency.
Example: MEDEVAC Delta 1234.

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Medical Emergencies A medical event exists when a passenger or crewmember appears ill or F 7.4.1
injured to a level that requires medical assistance.
A medical emergency exists when STAT-MD and the Captain
determine a medical event is critical and requires an expedited
landing or divert.
In the event of a medical event or emergency, the flight deck must be
locked down and communications with the flight attendants
accomplished via interphone and with the Medical Assistance Form
(MAF). (Basically, lock down the cockpit for anything unusual.)
Delta has contracted with STAT-MD to provide medical assistance to
passengers and crew.
STAT-MD should be considered primary guidance and onboard
medical assistance should be considered secondary guidance for all
medical events.
767ER aircraft with lie-flat seats have the Cabin Medical F 7.4.2
Communication System installed and flight attendants can talk with
STAT-MD via an aircraft radio once a phone patch is established.
Refer to Volume 1 Supplemental Procedures.
It is the goal of Flight Operations that all crews contact STAT-MD F 7.4.4
prior to initiating an air return or divert for a medical event.
Medical Equipment The Captain has the final authority in the decision to release medical F 7.4.6
equipment. If a sealed kit or medical equipment is opened and used:
 enter a description of the circumstances and the name of the
person authorized to use the kit in the aircraft logbook
 contact Dispatch to coordinate a replacement
The Enhanced Emergency Medical Kit (EEMK) may be opened and F 7.4.7
used by individuals who provide a medical license, certification or
other professional identification. The Captain may also release it to
other individuals who appear to have the necessary medical
knowledge or skills.
Microburst Alert Flights may not depart from or commence the final approach to a AM 4-50
runway where Doppler radar has issued a Microburst Alert.
If ATC issues a Microburst Alert for the runway of intended landing, a
go-around must be executed. If the flight path becomes marginal,
accomplish the Windshear Escape Maneuver.
Microburst Conditions Be especially alert for dry microbursts in the following conditions: GS
 surface temperature above 75°F
 dew point spread of 30° to 50°F
 convective activity in the area with high cloud bases
 virga or scattered light rain
 radar returns of weak cells from 5,000' to 15,000' AGL
Microbursts The phase of a microburst that is hazardous to aircraft typically lasts AM 4-51
five minutes or less. For this reason, PIREPs from preceding aircraft
must be considered carefully. Microburst activity may be increasing
and subsequent encounters could be more severe.
Military Escorts Flight crews do not have SIDA escort authority and may not take a F 7.1.11
military member escorting remains to the ramp.

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Minimum Altitudes AM 11
Grid Minimum Off-Route Provides 2,000 feet in mountainous and/or high-elevation terrain or
Altitude (Grid MORA) 1,000 feet in non-mountainous and/or low-elevation terrain above the
highest obstruction within the section outlined by the latitude and
longitude lines. The Grid MORA does not provide NAVAID or
communications coverage. Derived by Jeppesen or State Authorities.
Grid MORAs are red if the altitude is above 14,000' MSL indicating
passenger oxygen is required and green if the altitude is below
14,000' MSL.

Minimum Crossing Altitude The lowest altitude at certain fixes which an aircraft must cross when AM 14
(MCA) proceeding in the direction of a higher MEA.

Minimum Enroute Altitude Lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstruction
(MEA) clearance requirements and in some countries assures acceptable
navigation signal coverage.

Minimum IFR Altitude In the US, 2,000 feet in designated mountainous terrain or 1,000 feet in
non-mountainous terrain above the highest obstruction within 4 nm
of the course to be flown.

Minimum Obstruction Lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle AM 15
Clearance Altitude clearance requirements for the entire route segment and in the US
(MOCA) provides acceptable navigation signal coverage within 22 nm of the
VOR.

Minimum Reception Altitude Lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined.

(MRA)

Minimum Safe Altitude Unless otherwise noted, provides 1,000 feet obstacle clearance within
(MSA) 25 nm of the navigation facility upon which the MSA is predicated.
This altitude is for emergency use only and does not guarantee
NAVAID reception. If the MSA is divided into sectors with different
altitudes, the altitudes in those sectors are minimum sector altitudes.
Minimum Pavement Width T 2.9
757-200 120 feet for a 180° turn.
757-300 141 feet for a 180° turn.
767 146 feet for a 180° turn.
Minimum Stopping Distance Speedbrakes fully deployed, maximum reverse thrust and maximum T 6.25
manual anti-skid braking (not max autobrakes) provides minimum
stopping distance.
Missed Approach Set the lowest initial level off altitude on the missed approach NOI 3.4
procedure.
Do not just automatically set the highest altitude in the MCP window. GS
The procedure may have an intermediate level off and, since you will
be in G/A mode for pitch on a missed approach instead of VNAV,
the autopilot/flight director will blow right through the lower altitude
unless you set it in the MCP window. For example, the missed
approach procedure could be something like “climb to 1,000 feet
until intercepting the 190° radial and then climb to 3,000 feet.” In
this case, you would set 1,000 feet in the MCP window until
intercepting the radial and then set 3,000 feet and continue the climb.
If you initially set 3,000 feet, the airplane would ignore the 1,000
foot restriction and climb directly to 3,000 feet, thus causing an
altitude bust.
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Missed Approach When executing a published missed approach, the vertical portion may TA 5.19
be initiated at, or prior to, minimums, but the lateral portion may not TA 5.22
be initiated until reaching the MAP. TA 5.32
Missed Approach/Rejected A missed approach is a go-around initiated at or before the MAP and at AM 3-13
Landing Priorities or above the MDA/DA.
A rejected landing is a go-around initiated after the MAP or below the
MDA/DA

All Engines In IMC or when terrain clearance cannot be assured visually: AM 3-14
1. Delta Special Page all-engine missed approach/rejected landing
table
2. ATC clearance

Engine-Out In IMC or when terrain clearance cannot be assured visually:

1. Delta Special Page engine-out missed approach/rejected landing
table
2. ATC clearance
3. As desired, e.g. straight out missed approach or runway heading,
etc.

LAHSO Published procedure or as directed by ATC. AM 3-18

Movement Area The movement area is any part of the airport used for taxiing, takeoff AM 3-94
or landing of aircraft and is under the control of ATC.
Non-Movement Area The non-movement area refers to taxiways and apron areas not under
the control of ATC.
Navigation AM 7-27
Class I Operations on any segment which is entirely within the usable range
(service volume) of standard navigation facilities (VOR, VOR/DME,
NDB).

Class II Operations conducted on any segment which takes place outside the AM 7-28
usable range of standard navigation facilities.
Negative Pressure Relief Doors On the 767, negative pressure relief doors on the right forward fuselage GS
will not be closed if the associated cargo door is open.
Night Approaches During night approaches, pilots must be able to positively identify a AM 3-10
safe vertical descent profile to the runway. Crews will use all internal
and external resource available to confirm they are on a protected
glide path. If available, use at least one of the following:
 electronic vertical guidance such as PAPI/VASI or ILS/LDA
glideslope
 VNAV with DME or GPS update
 ground based navigation aids such as DME, crossing radials, and
outer markers
 instrument approach procedures such as manually calculating
visual descent points
 use of approach charts to derive proper descent rates for a given
ground speed
If the crew is unable to establish a vertical descent profile to the
runway due to airport or aircraft equipment failures, they should
consider diversion to an alternate airport.
Noise Abatement Takeoff When a Special Takeoff (Close-In/ICAO NADP 1) noise abatement NP 20.15
takeoff is planned, enter “3000” on the ACCEL HT line on Takeoff
page 2 in the FMS.

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Non-ILS Approaches Regardless of GPS availability, the approach may be flown in LNAV AM 3-31
with raw data displayed.
If the ground-based NAVAID is out-of-service and/or compatible
avionics are not installed or not operational, the approach may be
flown using RNAV procedures as long as GPS is operational and the
approach is authorized on the Delta Special Page or in a flight plan
remark.
Non-Normal Checklists Only a few situations, such as Cabin Altitude, require an immediate QRH
response. Usually time is available to assess the situation before NNCI 1.5
taking corrective action.
As a general rule:
 fly the airplane
 cancel the warning
 identify the emergency or non-normal
 accomplish the recall items from memory if necessary
 read the checklist
 do not hurry
Non-Normal Checklists The PF should call for the non-normal checklist when: QRH
 the flight path is under control NNCI 1.6
 the airplane is not in a critical phase of flight such as takeoff or
landing
 all memory items are complete
Non-Normals Fly the aircraft with the highest level of automation available. GS
Non-Normals Before Takeoff If a non-normal condition occurs during engine start or before takeoff QRH
(prior to dispatch), complete the non-normal checklist and then NNCI 1.4
comply with the MEL if required.
Operational Priorities All aspects of flight operations will be conducted in accordance with F 3.1.1
the following priorities:
 Safety
 FAR, ATC, and company policy compliance
 Passenger Comfort
 Schedule and
 Economy
Safety is always paramount to our operational priorities. Anytime the
safety of our passengers, crew or assets is in question the operation
must be stopped.
Out-of-Service Tag If a red “Out of Service” tag is installed, do not activate any system, NP 20.1
control switch or circuit breaker without obtaining approval of
maintenance personnel, preferably the AMT performing the repairs.
Don’t even use the aircraft radio to call maintenance.
Overwater Briefing An overwater briefing and demonstration is required on any flight F 7.8.3
operating more than 50 nm from the nearest shoreline.
Overwater Operations Extended overwater operations are defined as flight further than 50 nm AM 3-15
from the nearest shoreline.
Not all Delta 767/757s are overwater equipped.
Overweight Landing Autolands are not recommended for overweight landings. T 6.34
Overweight Landing If landing distance is not an issue, holding or jettisoning fuel to reduce Q 0.14
weight is not necessary.

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Overweight Landing If landing distance is not an issue, jettisoning fuel or holding to reduce F 10.2.8
weight is not necessary when the captain is exercising his emergency
authority to make a sound decision which takes account of the entire
set of operational circumstances.
When landing overweight the Captain is exercising his emergency
authority. Exercising emergency authority does not require declaring
an emergency with ATC.
An overweight landing requires a logbook entry which should include:
 the phrase “overweight landing”
 the actual landing weight
 the maximum landing weight
 vertical speed at touchdown if known
Overweight Landing Landing distance is typically less than takeoff distance at all gross TA 6.1
weights when landing with Flaps 25 or 30 (for a dry runway).
For slippery or contaminated runways or non-normal procedures
resulting in other than Flaps 25 or Flaps 30 landings, landing distance
should be checked in the ODM.
If landing distance is a concern, burn or dump fuel to reduce weight.
Brake energy limits will not be exceeded for Flaps 25 or Flaps 30
landings at all gross weights.
If Vref 30 + speed additives is within 10 knots of Flaps 30 placard
speed, use Flaps 25 and Vref 25 + speed additives.
The aircraft is not certified to autoland at greater than max landing TA 6.2
weight. If the Captain determines an autoland is the safest course of
action, closely monitor the approach, flare and landing.
After landing, refer to the Landing Brake Cooling Schedule in the
Abnormal section of the ODM, be alert for hot brakes and tire, grease
or hydraulic fires and make and overweight landing entry in the
logbook.
Overweight Landing There is a checklist in Section 0 of the QRH for overweight landings. Q 0.8
Oxygen Mask Test During the 10-second test in Emergency, if the oxygen cylinder valve SP 1.14
is not fully opened, the oxygen pressure can: SP 1.16
 decrease rapidly, or
 decrease more than 100 psi, or
 increase slowly back to normal
Oxygen Pressure Low When the flight crew oxygen supply is depleted during flight, the flight Q 1.11
crew is vulnerable to smoke, fumes or loss of cabin pressurization.
Initiate an immediate diversion to the nearest suitable airport.
Oxygen Regulator Positions QRH
Emergency Use when necessary to provide positive pressure to the mask to remove NNCI 1.4
contaminants.
100% Use when positive pressure is not required but flight deck air is
contaminated.
Normal Use when prolonged use is required and the situation permits.
Oxygen Requirements F 3.4.11
One Pilot in the Seat Seated pilot will use oxygen when above FL250.
Both Pilots in the Seats One pilot will use oxygen when above FL410.
Cabin above 10,000 feet All pilots will use oxygen.
PA Quiet Hours 10 p.m. to 8 a.m. local time. F 7.8.3
When top of climb to top of descent is over 5 hours.
Pack Inop Lights Pack Inop light only – indicates a controller fault or outlet overheat but II
the pack is still operating.
Pack Inop and Pack Off lights – indicates a pack trip caused by an
internal overheat. The pack valve is closed and the pack is off.

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Packs and Bleeds Operating both packs from a single engine bleed source is acceptable NP 20.46
except during icing conditions.
If environmental conditions allow, operating only one pack will
provide additional fuel savings.
Packs Off To prevent reverse-flow APU shutdowns when turning the packs off, NP 20.44
turn one pack off, wait 3-5 seconds, and then turn the second pack
off.
Packs Off Takeoff (767 Only) An ENG BLEED OFF message may display during takeoff roll. This SP 2.2
indication is acceptable for Packs Off takeoffs.
Turn the first pack on after climb power is set. Turn the second pack
on after cabin pressurization stabilizes.
If an engine fails on takeoff, leave both packs off until 1,500 feet AGL
or until engine-out clean up altitude, whichever is higher.
Packs Off Takeoff (767 Only) Some 767s with GE engines (both domestic and ER) may experience SP 16.56
EGT exceedances during takeoff in moderate to high ambient
temperatures. To help mitigate this, AWABS may require a Packs
Off takeoff.
If a Packs Off takeoff is required:
 do not reduce power during takeoff to keep EGT within limits
 do not reject the takeoff if EGT goes into the red if other engine
indications are normal
 do not reject the takeoff for a Bleed Off light. The Engine Bleed
Off light(s) and EICAS message(s) may display if packs are off.
 if an overtemp occurs, contact maintenance for evaluation.
Passenger Baggage Do not store any item belonging to a passenger in the flight deck. F 7.2.1
Flight Attendant or deadhead crew baggage may be stored in the
flight deck with the Captain’s permission however.
Passenger Misconduct Serious passenger misconduct is defined as injuring another passenger F 7.3.1
or crewmember, subjecting a passenger or crewmember to a credible
threat of injury, interfering with a crewmember’s duties, or refusing
to comply with Federal regulations.
Any passenger in the terminal or on the aircraft endangering the safety
of passengers or crew, interfering with the performance of any
crewmember’s duties, appearing intoxicated or unruly, or
demonstrating other types of serious misconduct will not be allowed
on the flight.
Pilots will not leave the flight deck after pushback or in flight to deal
with passenger problems.
Passenger Oxygen Masks The Passenger Oxygen switch will deploy the passenger oxygen NP 20.20
masks. (Don’t touch it unless the QRH tells you to.)
Passenger Standing If informed a passenger has left his seat during ground movement, F 7.1.6
bring the aircraft to a stop when it is safe to do so.
Passengers With Weapons The Flight Leader/Purser will inform cabin crewmembers and FAMs, F 7.1.6
LEOs and FFDOs of all seat locations of all armed passengers.
If there is a crew change and the armed official is continuing, leave the
Law Enforcement Gate Pass in the logbook to alert the next crew.
Phone Patch Other than calls to ATC, once out of the gate, all operationally AM 6-42
significant calls must be routed through Atlanta Radio for
transcribing. Do not call Flight Control, maintenance, etc., directly.
Pilot Induced Roll Oscillation In a fully-developed lateral PIO, pilot control wheel inputs will be out TA 7.13
of phase with the airplane roll response.
 immediately stop lateral control wheel inputs until the airplane
stabilizes
 initiate a go-around if oscillations do not diminish or if the
aircraft is not in a position from which a safe landing can be made
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Pilot Responses TA 7.3

Gnd Proximity Caution Correct the flight path or configuration TA 7.3

(Multiple Advisories)

Gnd Proximity Warning Terrain Avoidance Maneuver TA 7.4

(“Pull Up.” May include
“Obstacle” or “Terrain.”)

Predictive Windshear Caution Maneuver as required to avoid the windshear TA 7.10

(“Monitor Radar Display”)

Predictive Windshear If prior to V1, abort the takeoff TA 7.10

Warning on T/O If after V1, perform the Windshear Escape Maneuver
(“Windshear Ahead,
Windshear Ahead”)

Predictive Windshear Windshear Escape Maneuver or normal go-around at pilot’s discretion TA 7.10
Warning on Approach
(“Go-Around, Windshear
Ahead”)

Windshear Encounter Windshear Escape Maneuver TA 7.12

Windshear indications are: TA 7.10

 uncontrolled changes from normal steady state flight conditions
below 1,000' AGL in excess of:
 ± 15 kts indicated airspeed
 ± 500 fpm vertical speed
 ± 5 degrees of pitch
 1 dot deviation from the glideslope
 unusual throttle position for a significant period of time
 windshear siren and “Windshear, Windshear, Windshear.”

Microburst Alert Issued by ATC Mandatory go-around. Windshear Escape Maneuver if flight path AM 4-50
for the Landing Runway becomes marginal.
Position Reports Do not send ACARS position reports manually prior to actually GS
crossing the fix because the report will be rejected and flight status
will not be updated.
Post-Accident or Incident After landing and clear of the runway or after a ground accident or F 10.3.3
incident resulting in substantial aircraft damage, pull the Cockpit
Voice Recorder circuit breaker.
Do not deactivate the Cockpit Voice Recorder in flight.
Do not make any statements to the public or press. Refer all questions F 10.3.5
to Corporate Communications.
Refer to the FOM for checklists and report submission requirements.
Post-Bad Things Checklists There are checklists in FOM Chapter 10 you never want to run, but F 10.1.7
need to know about anyway:
 Post-Emergency checklist
 Post-Diversion checklist F 10.2.5
 Post-Accident checklist F 10.3.3
 Post-Incident/Irregularity checklist F 10.3.8

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Pre-Departure Clearance Flights are limited to one Pre-Departure Clearance (PDC) within a 24- F 5.3.39
hour period per airport. Any revisions or modifications to the
clearance will void the PDC and require the crew to contact ATC for
a full route read back.
Preflight Checklist If all pilots leave the cockpit after the Preflight checklist, the entire NP 11.3
checklist must be re-accomplished.
Procedure Turns (US) Procedure Turns are not required when: AM 3-104
 receiving radar vectors to final approach
 flying a NoPT routing
 cleared for a straight-in approach
 cleared for approach from a holding pattern with the holding fix
collocated with the FAF and the holding course aligned with the
final approach course

Entry Airspeed Maneuvering speed or holding speed, but not greater than 200 kts.

Course Reversal The method of course reversal is normally left to the pilot, but some
procedure turns are specified as procedure tracks and the turns must
be flown exactly as depicted.

Turn Direction Same as a holding pattern entry. Max angle for teardrop is 30°.
If an entry turn in the shorter direction places the aircraft on the non-
maneuvering side, correct back to the procedure turn course using an
intercept angle of at least 20 degrees.
If the inbound course is intercepted outbound, maintain course and turn
inbound on the maneuvering side.

Proceeding Outbound Use timing, DME, etc. to remain within the published distance.
If timing, start timing outbound abeam the procedure turn fix or after
completing the outbound turn if abeam cannot be determined.

Descent Descend from the procedure turn fix altitude when outbound abeam the AM 3-105
procedure turn fix or after completing the outbound turn if the abeam
point cannot be determined.
Descend from the procedure turn altitude or any altitude past the IAF
when established on the appropriate published segment of the
approach.

45°/180° Procedure Turn Intercept and maintain the outbound track as soon as possible after
passing the procedure turn fix.
To make the course reversal, fly outbound on the 45° leg for
45 seconds before turning inbound. Make the 180° turn back inbound
as depicted.
Descend as necessary on the outbound track to the specified altitude. If
further descent is necessary after the inbound turn, do not descend
until established on the inbound track, which is defined as within half
scale deflection on an ILS or VOR and within 5° on an NDB.
Do not exceed normal descent rates.
Pushback To prevent damage, do not hold or turn the nosewheel tiller and do not NP 20.43
use the brakes to stop the airplane during pushback or towing.
Pushback Checklist The Pushback checklist must be completed prior to aircraft movement. NP 20.43
Pushback Without Tug If the interphone communications are inop, the Captain and ramp agent F 6.1.1
Communications will conduct a face-to-face review of hand signals to be used.
If the Captain requires an emergency stop he should flash the taxi light
repeatedly until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
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Quantities on Postflight Make a logbook write up and contact maintenance if: NP 20.77
 oxygen pressure is less than 1,000 psi
 oil quantity is less than 8 quarts
 a hydraulic quantity RF is displayed
Quantities on Preflight The minimum oxygen pressure is 1,000 psi. NP 20.3
The minimum hydraulic quantity is no RF displayed.
The minimum oil quantity recommended for start is 17 quarts. If oil
quantity is less than 17 quarts, verify 8 quarts minimum after engine
warm up at idle. Dispatch approval is required if oil quantity is less
than 8 quarts after engine warm up.
Radar Contact “Radar contact” on departure does not mean the controller is providing AIM
obstacle clearance. Obstacle clearance begins when the controller 5-2-8 c2
starts giving navigational guidance.
Radio and Baro Bugs NOI 3.25
CAT I ILS Baro at published DA, Radio off
CAT II Baro at field elevation, Radio at published RA
CAT II RA Not Auth Baro at published DA, Radio off
CAT III Baro at field elevation, Radio at 50 feet
Straight-In Non-ILS Baro at published DA, DDA or MDA, Radio off
Circling Baro at higher of published MDA or field elevation + 1,000', Radio off
Visual Baro at published mins for the approach used to back up the visual
approach. Set field elevation if no approach is available. Radio off.
Ram Air Turbine Deploys automatically inflight if both engines fail. II
Automatic deployment is inhibited on the ground, but manual
deployment is possible.
Powers the flight control portion of the center hydraulic system only.
Requires airspeed above 130 kts to maintain aircraft control.
Ram Air Turbine The Ram Air Turbine switch will deploy the ram air turbine inflight NP 20.20
and may deploy it on the ground. (Don’t touch the switch on the
ground. You could kill somebody.)
Raw Data On all non-RNAV approaches pilots must monitor applicable raw data TA 5-17
to determine course guidance and FMS map validity at the FAF.
 one pilot must display raw data associated with the approach
 localizer course deviation may be monitored on the ADI
 localizer DME is monitored by selecting ILS or APP on the EFIS
control panel to force localizer DME to the RDMI
 VOR course raw data may be monitored on the RDMI or by
selecting VOR on the EFIS control panel. The proper frequency
must be set in the VOR control panel and Manual selected to
prevent auto-tuning away from it.
 NDB course raw data must be monitored on the RDMI with ADF
selected
For non-ILS or ILS-G/S Out approaches, raw data monitoring of the TA 5-19
MAP is not required due to the accuracy of GPS or FMC positioning.

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Raw Data On ILS-DME approaches, one pilot must select ILS or APP (not Map) GS
on his EFIS control panel to display DME from the localizer on the
RDMI to legally fly the approach.
To monitor raw data on a VOR approach, select Manual on the VOR
control panel and tune the correct VOR frequency. This prevents the
FMS from auto-tuning the VOR to another station. You can then
monitor raw data with either the RDMI or on the HSI with VOR
selected on the EFIS control panel.
For DME distances to a VOR station, it is also necessary to select
Manual on the VOR control panel and manually tune the VOR
frequency to force the appropriate DME to the RDMI and prevent the
VOR from auto-tuning to another station.
Selecting Manual on the VOR panel will cause the tuned VOR station
and the selected course to be displayed on the map. This is not raw
data. It’s just a computer-generated display based on FMS position.
If the FMS position is wrong, the display will be wrong. To actually
check raw data, use the RDMI or select VOR mode and dial in the
desired course.
On NDB approaches, make sure the NDB is tuned and the left
VOR/ADF selector on the RDMI is in ADF.
Recirc Fans During hot weather the recirc fans have a negative effect on passenger SP 16.55
comfort because they introduce hot air from around the cargo
compartments to the mix manifold. Turn the recirc fan(s) off during
hot weather, but do not turn off the left recirc fan on the 757.
Resume Normal Speed “Resume normal speed” from ATC means that any previously issued GS
speed adjustment is deleted. It does not delete speed restrictions
published on the route (STAR, SID, etc.) because those are normal
speeds for the current route.
“Delete speed restrictions” means delete the speed restrictions
published on the STAR or SID. Go as fast as you want, but no faster
than 250 knots below 10,000 feet MSL within 12 nm from the
coastline.
Reverse Thrust After reverse thrust is initiated, a full stop landing must be made. NP 20.71
Initiate movement toward reverse idle by 80 knots and reach the
reverse idle detent prior to taxi speed. The PM should call “80
knots.”
Stow the thrust reversers after the engines have decelerated to idle.
Reverse Thrust Movement of the reverse thrust lever could result in operation of the NP 20.27
engine thrust reverser even with the engine shut down.
Reverse Thrust Once reverse thrust is initiated following touchdown, a full stop T 5.81
landing must be made. If an engine stays in reverse, safe flight is not
possible.

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RNAV Departure Ensure any critical DMEs identified in the procedure are operative SP 11.34
unless the aircraft has GPS. Critical DMEs are not required if GPS is
operative.
For non-GPS aircraft with the autothrottle or N1/EPR switch inop,
consider a Fast Realignment of the IRSs immediately prior to
pushback.

All Non-GPS Airplanes SP 11.35

 when approaching the departure runway, check aircraft position
versus runway position on the HSI 10 nm scale
 if the autothrottles or N1/EPR switch are inop, the FMS will not
update the aircraft’s position to the landing runway threshold. In
this case, verify the aircraft symbol is in close proximity to the
departure end of the runway symbol with the HSI in the 10 nm
scale. Do not use LNAV for departure if the FMS position is
incorrect.
 if the aircraft map position is greater than 1,000 feet from the
actual runway takeoff position or cannot be determined, do not
accept an RNAV departure and request radar vectors to the first
fix
 the FMS will begin searching for suitable radio updates after the
aircraft reaches 100 knots on takeoff roll

If the departure procedure requires an LNAV track from the runway, SP 11.36
arm LNAV before takeoff.
Listen carefully to the takeoff clearance. “Delta 1234, cleared for
takeoff” is the standard clearance to fly the published RNAV SID
assigned by Clearance Delivery or on the PDC. If not cleared for the
RNAV departure, the takeoff clearance will include a heading to fly
or some other clearance. (In ATL, the takeoff clearance for an RNAV
departure will include the first RNAV fix, e.g. “Delta 1234, RNAV
to FUTBL, runway 27R, cleared for takeoff”).
Use of the autopilot is highly encouraged. Engage it at 1,000' AFE
after VNAV and Climb Power are engaged.
Expect the FMS to use turn anticipation for fly-by waypoints
(waypoints on the chart without a circle around them).
RNAV SIDs and STARs are based on maintaining path accuracy
within 0.5 nm. On the HSI 10 nm scale, the base of the airplane
symbol is approximately 1 nm across and pilots may use the airplane
symbol or the Progress page to adhere to the path.
RNAV Departure When hand-flying, the flight director may command an overshoot SP 11.36
during turns on an RNAV departure leading to a flight path
deviation. Either engage the autopilot (it won’t overshoot) or
disregard the flight director command bars and overlay the trend
vector on the magenta line to accurately fly the route. (“Put the
noodle on the line.”)
The autopilot is recommended for RNAV departures, strict noise GS
abatement departures and other departure procedures where ground
track is critical.
Rudder Effectiveness Rudder control is effective to approximately 60 knots on landing. T 6.24
Rudder Effectiveness The rudder becomes effective at between 40 and 60 knots on takeoff. T 3.7
Rudder Pedal Adjustment Adjust the rudder pedals to permit full rudder pedal travel and full NP 20.34
brake application at the same time.

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Runway Change Items A ■ indicates items on the checklists that should be considered for re- NP 11.6
accomplishment in the event of a runway, intersection or
performance change.
If the landing runway is changed and the Captain determines the NP 11.7
runway change can be accomplished visually, the runway change
items may be waived.
Runway Definitions A dry runway is a runway that is dry and the visibility is F 5.1.1
RVR 4000/ ¾ sm or greater.
A wet runway is a runway that is wet or the visibility is less than
RVR 4000/ ¾ sm.
A short runway is a runway less than 7,000 feet for 757-300 and 767
aircraft or less than 6,000 feet for 757-200 aircraft.
Runway Dependent STAR Runway Dependent STARs require the pilot to select a specific runway SP 11.23
in order for the FMC to properly load the entire STAR.
The entire loading procedure must be re-accomplished if the runway or
arrival changes to prevent an incorrect routing or inadequate obstacle
clearance.
Runway Edge Lights Runway edge lights are required for all takeoff and landing operations: AM 3-10
 between sunset and sunrise (night)
 between sunrise and sunset (day) when the visibility is reported
less than 2 statute miles
Operations may be conducted with runway edge lights inoperative
between sunrise and sunset (day) if the reported visibility is 2 statute
miles or greater.
Runway Entry Prior to crossing a runway hold short line to either takeoff from or NP 20.58
cross a runway, both crewmembers should confirm their position by
comparing taxiway and runway identification signs to the taxi chart.
Runway Field Lengths The FAR dry landing field length is the actual landing distance from F 5.1.2
50 feet over the threshold plus an additional 40%. The landing
distance is based on max braking, speedbrakes extended and no
reverse thrust.
The FAR wet landing field length is the FAR dry landing field length
plus another 15%.
Runway for Dispatch Flights are normally dispatched to land on the longest runway available F 5.1.1
at the destination under FAR wet runway conditions and no wind.
Exceptions will be noted on both the WDR and the flight plan.
Runway for Dispatch Unless there is guidance on the Delta Special Pages, the Captain must F 5.1.2
discuss operation to a short runway with the Dispatcher prior to
dispatch and agree on specific runway use. There is a list of items to
discuss in the FOM.
Runway Heading Magnetic heading of the runway centerline, not the runway number. AIM PCG
Runway Snow or Ice If there is snow or ice on the runway, no flight may take off or land F 5.1.3
without a current field condition report or braking action report.
Runway Snow Plowing Takeoff on runways that have been plowed is authorized provided the F 5.1.3
runway is plowed at least 50 feet on both sides of the centerline and
snow or ice outside the plowed area but within 75 feet of the
centerline is no more than 6 inches high.
Runway Width The minimum runway width is 148 feet (45 meters). F 5.1.3

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Seat Belt and No Smoking Flight attendants are required to begin cabin service preparations at F 3.3.7
Signs 10,000 feet AFE (after the No Smoking chime and possibly before
the seat belt sign is turned off) unless the Captain has informed them
to remain seated until advised.
A pilot will make a PA when the seat belt sign is turned on.
When encountering or anticipating moderate or severe turbulence, F 3.3.8
direct the flight attendants to discontinue cabin service and be seated.
If the seat belt sign is turned on in flight, the flight attendants should be
notified if it is necessary for them to be seated.
A customer service PA should be made if the flight attendants are
required to remain seated for an extended period.
Seat Belts Delta requires passengers to keep their seat belts fastened while seated F 3.4.12
and prior to and during all ground movement, takeoffs and landings.
Secure Checklist After coordinating with local maintenance or operations, accomplish NP 20.79
the Secure checklist only when the aircraft is to remain for two hours
or more.
Perform a post flight walk around if at a limited or non-maintenance
station.
Sequenced Flashers Sequenced flashers are not required for any domestic approach but AM 3-39
may be required in some foreign countries for some approaches. AM 3-41
SID Restrictions In US airspace, if ATC clears you to climb to an altitude on a SID all GS
intermediate altitude restrictions are cancelled and you may climb
unrestricted. In ICAO airspace, the opposite is true. You must
comply with the intermediate climb restrictions unless the controller
specifically cancels them. If in doubt, query the controller.
Sidestep Approaches The landing runway must not be more than 1,200 feet from the AM 3-112
approach runway.
If the sidestep is a published instrument approach procedure there will
be weather minimums on the approach plate.
If the sidestep is an informal maneuver it must be conducted in VMC
and with the agreement of both ATC and the aircrew.
Anytime an aircraft is flying an instrument approach in IMC and plans
to land on another runway it is considered a circling approach unless
sidestep minimums are published for the runway of intended landing.
Single-Engine Taxi Taxi on single engine unless operational necessity dictates otherwise. NP 20.44
Normally taxi out for takeoff on the left engine in a 757 and on the
right engine in a 767.
Normally taxi in after landing on the right engine on 757 and on either NP 20.74
engine on a 767.
SMGCS Some procedures may take effect at RVR 1200 even though a SMGCS AM 3-91
chart is only required below RVR 500.
The SMGCS chart, if available, should be referenced for any CAT III
approach and for any taxi out for takeoff when the visibility is
reported below RVR 1200.
If the visibility is below RVR 500, the ATIS will state that low
visibility procedures are in progress and pilots will notify ATC of
their approach minima.
SMGCS Taxi Lines Yellow taxi lines painted on taxiways used for SMGCS movement are GS
12 inches wide and highlighted with black paint.

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Smoke, Fire or Fumes It must be stressed that for smoke that continues or a fire that cannot be QRH
positively confirmed to be completely extinguished, the earliest NNCI 1.3
possible descent, landing and evacuation must be accomplished.
If a smoke, fire or fumes situation becomes uncontrollable, the flight
crew should consider an immediate landing. “Immediate landing”
implies immediate diversion to a runway, however, in a severe
situation, the flight crew should consider an overweight landing, a
tailwind landing, an off-airport landing, or a ditching.
Smoke, Fire or Fumes Unless the smoke, fire or fumes is associated with an annunciated Q 8.10
checklist (e.g. Cargo Fire), start with the Smoke, Fire or Fumes
checklist. Complete the Smoke or Fumes Removal checklist only
when directed by the Smoke, Fire or Fumes checklist or if the smoke
or fumes become the greatest threat.
Smoke, Fume or Odor Events To assist maintenance following a smoke, fume or odor event, F 10.3.14
complete the questionnaire in the logbook in addition to making a
logbook write up. Leave the questionnaire in the logbook.
Smoking Smoking, smokeless tobacco and electronic simulated smoking F 7.1.6
materials are prohibited on all flights except that smokeless tobacco
is allowed on charter flights. (Baseball players?)
Snow Snow is wet if the temperature is 30°F (-1°C) or above. F 5.6.24
Snow is dry if the temperature is below 30°F (-1°C).
Special VFR Special VFR, including Local Conditions, is not authorized. AM 3-72
Special Winter Operations Certain airports are designated as Special Winter Operations Airports AM 4-57
Airports (SWOA) (SWOA) and have additional restrictions when snow, ice or slush is
on the runway or if freezing precipitation is falling and accumulating.
These airports are identified on the flight plan and on the Delta
Special Pages. Refer to the Airway Manual Chapter 4 for procedures.
Speed Intervention Speed Intervention may cause a loss of VNAV PATH during descent, SP 4.3
resulting in a violation of a crossing restriction altitude.
Speed Intervention The FMC does not use the speed set on the MCP for fuel or ETA II
predictions so FMC predictions are not accurate if speed intervention
is used for an extended period of time (e.g. during cruise).
Speed Mode In some cases, selecting SPD mode will result in the Vertical Speed SP 4.5
window opening and a possible climb or descent away from the
selected altitude.
Speedbrakes Arming the speedbrake prior to landing is required by the checklist NP 20.68
(unless directed otherwise by an abnormal procedure).
Speedbrakes Caution: Do not deploy speedbrakes manually until the nosewheel is T 6.23
on the ground. Deploying speedbrakes manually before nosewheel
touchdown may cause a pronounced nose pitch up, increasing the
likelihood of a tail strike.
Speedbrakes If higher than idle thrust is maintained through initial touchdown on T 6.22
landing, automatic speedbrake deployment may be disabled even
when the speedbrakes are armed.
Speedbrakes On some (not all) blended winglet airplanes, speedbrakes may Q 2.2
automatically retract to the 50% position when airspeed exceeds 330
knots (757) or 320 knots (767). If this occurs, do not extend the
speedbrake lever beyond the 50% position until airspeed is less than
325 knots (757) or 315 knots (767).
Speedbrakes The PF should keep his hand on the speedbrake lever when the T 4.27
speedbrakes are used inflight.
Speedbrakes Unless speedbrakes are raised after touchdown, braking effectiveness T 6.24
may be reduced initially as much as 60% since very little weight is
on the wheels and brake application may cause rapid anti-skid
modulation.
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Speedbrakes Use caution when retracting the speedbrakes close to Vmo/Mmo or a GS
flap limit speed. The airplane will accelerate during retraction and
may overspeed the airframe or flaps. Retract the speedbrakes very
slowly or, preferably, slow down first and then retract them.
Speedbrakes When Auto speedbrakes are used for landing, speedbrake deployment T 6.24
will occur while the nosewheel is lowered to the runway with little
adverse pitch effects. (Not true for manual speedbrake deployment.)
Speedbrake deployment is initiated immediately after main landing
gear tilt sensors transition to ground mode and the thrust levers are
near idle. On the 757, deployment of four outboard spoiler panels is
delayed momentarily to reduce nose pitch up.
Spring-Loaded Latch A bronze-colored spring-loaded safety latch is required for galley carts GS
in the aft galley that could roll down the aisle if not restrained.
Stalled Condition A stalled condition can exist at any altitude and may be recognized by TA 7.8
continuous stick shaker activation accompanied by one or more of
the following:
 buffeting, which could be heavy at times
 lack of pitch authority and/or roll control
 inability to arrest descent rate
Standby Power Consider that a normal descent from cruise altitude takes about 25 GS
minutes and most aircraft batteries will only last about 30 minutes
(90 minutes on 757-300s) after an electrical failure. An expeditious
descent and divert might be wise.
Standby Power Flight beyond 30 minutes will result in complete loss of electrical Q 6.4
power.
On the 767, complete loss of electrical power will result in the inability
to extend the landing gear and flaps.
All 757-300s, all 767ERs, some 757s, and some 767s have an HDG Differences
installed to prevent operating on Standby Power.
Standby Power If the airplane is on Standby power, all the CRT screens will be blank. GS
(“Nobody can watch TV.”) If any ADI or HSI is powered (“If
anybody can watch TV”), the airplane is not on Standby power.
Standby Power Check Required prior to the first flight of the day. SP 6.6
The aircraft must be on the ground with all busses powered.
 Standby Power Selector – BAT
 Observe the battery DISCH light (APU BAT DISCH and MAIN
BAT DISCH lights on 757-300 aircraft) illuminates and the
standby power OFF light remains extinguished
 Standby Power Selector – AUTO
 Observe the battery DISCH light (APU BAT DISCH and MAIN
BAT DISCH lights on 757-300 aircraft) extinguishes and the
standby power OFF light remains extinguished
Sterile Cockpit Crewmembers will only conduct activities related to the safe operation F 3.2.19
of the aircraft during critical phases of flight (pushback, taxi, takeoff,
landing and flight below 10,000' AFE).
When the aircraft is stopped during taxi, PAs promoting public
relations are permissible.
Stop Bar At no time will a pilot cross an illuminated red stop bar. AM 3-93

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Strategic Lateral Offset Not all airlines are capable of flying offsets. Therefore, pilots flying AM 7-9
Procedure (SLOP) oceanic airway, track or random routes are strongly encouraged to fly
lateral offsets of either 1 nm or 2 nm right of centerline if possible.
Always offset in the African theater.
Pilots should offset in the South American theater (south of 8° N).
Offset in WATRS airspace except on airway M-201 between BAHAA
and PAEPR and on airway L-453 between PAEPR and AZEZU.
Offsets are not authorized on these routes.
Tail Strike Do not pressurize the airplane due to possible structural damage. Q 0.18
Tail Strike Do not trim during the flare or after touchdown. Trimming in the flare T 6.9
increases the possibility of a tail strike.
Tail Strike The most common cause of a tail strike is an unstabilized approach. T 8.34
The second most common cause is an extended flare. T 8.35
Trimming in the flare may contribute to a tail strike.
Go-Arounds initiated very late in the approach, such as during the T 8.36
landing flare or after touching down, are a common cause of tail
strikes.
Takeoff A standing takeoff is required whenever engine anti-ice is on SP 16.8
A static takeoff is required whenever the visibility is below RVR 1600. AM 3-25
The Captain must make this takeoff. (RVR 1600 is the lowest
allowable First Officer takeoff.)
Takeoff After takeoff thrust is set, the Captain’s hand must remain on the thrust NP 20.59
levers until V1.
Takeoff For an immediate turn after takeoff, maintain initial climb speed with T 3.2
takeoff flaps while maneuvering. Follow AFDS bank limits.
Takeoff Rolling – maintain normal taxi speed while entering the runway. When T 3.5
the airplane is aligned with the centerline, release the nosewheel tiller
and apply thrust. There is no need to stop.
Static – stop the airplane aligned with the centerline, release the
nosewheel tiller, release brakes and apply thrust. There is no need to
hold the brakes while applying thrust. This satisfies the requirement
for a static takeoff during low visibility.
Standing – align the airplane with the centerline, release the nosewheel
tiller and hold the brakes while advancing power to at least 60% N1.
When the engines are stabilized, release brakes and promptly
advance thrust levers to takeoff thrust. This takeoff is required with
engine anti-ice is on.
Takeoff When an immediate turn after takeoff is necessary, the desired heading T 3.34
may be preset on the MCP before takeoff.
Takeoff Configuration Warning The Takeoff Configuration Warning will be activated when advancing SP 15.5
power and:
 flaps are not in a takeoff position, or
 speedbrakes are not down, or (4 items)
 the stabilizer set greater than the green band, or
 the parking brake is set
Ensure the appropriate messages are displayed on EICAS during the
Takeoff Configuration Warning test.
During preflight, the only message(s) should be for flaps and possibly GS
the parking brake if it is set. Unnecessary RTOs have occurred
because the speedbrake lever was slightly out of the detent and
triggered the warning on takeoff roll. A proper test would have
caught that during preflight.
Takeoff in Strong Crosswinds To prevent engine surge, a rolling takeoff is strongly advised when T 3.13
or Tailwinds crosswinds exceed 20 knots or tailwinds exceed 10 knots.

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Takeoff in Strong Headwinds During takeoff in headwinds of 20 knots or greater, Throttle Hold may T 3.7
be reached before the autothrottles can make final thrust adjustments.
In that case, set required takeoff power manually.
Takeoff Minimums Only apply takeoff minima as low as published on the airport page AM 3-25
unless authorized by NOTAM or a flight plan remark.
Takeoff Minimums Standard takeoff minimums are RVR 5000 (1500 m) or 1 statute mile AM 3-25
(1600 m).
Takeoff Profile Use of Company climb performance data on a Normal Takeoff Profile T 3.2
(Distant/ICAO NADP 2) ensures compliance with Class C and D
airspace speed restrictions.
Takeoff Trim If the FMS computed trim setting and the WDR trim setting are within NP 20.51
0.2 units either may be used.
TAT Probes TAT probes are aspirated with bleed air from the engines, APU or SP 16.55
ground external air (huffer air, not conditioned air). During hot
weather operations, the FMC and/or TMSP may not accept an
assumed temperature derate if bleed air is not available due to high
TAT probe temperatures. Delay selecting an assumed temperature
derate until after bleed air is applied.
Taxi Differential braking and braking while turning should be avoided T 2.7
under normal circumstances.
Avoid stopping the airplane in a turn because excessive thrust is T 2.8
required to start taxiing again.
Taxi Light Some 757s do not have a taxi light. Use the nose landing light instead. NP 12.10
Taxi Speed Approximately 20 knots, adjusted for conditions. T 2.7
On long, straight taxi routes, speeds up to 30 knots are acceptable, but
use caution with the nosewheel tiller at speeds above 20 knots to
avoid over controlling the nosewheel.
Speed should be reduced when approaching a turn. On a dry surface,
use approximately 10 knots for turn angles greater than those
typically used for high-speed runway turnoffs.
Taxi Visual Cues The lower outboard corner of the Number 1 window is a good visual T 2.17
reference for the outboard side of the main gear wheels on the same
side.
The lower inboard corner of the Number 1 window is a good reference
for the opposite side main gear wheels.
TCAS Test IRUs must be aligned and in Nav mode for a TCAS test. SP 15.6
TCI Reporting Report TCIFAST, TCISLOW or TCINONE in the remarks section of F 3.4.15
the In-Range report on every flight.
Throttle Hold The only way to break Throttle Hold and engage the autothrottles after GS
takeoff is to push a button on the TMSP. We normally press the
Climb Power button.

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Thunderstorms Enroute Do not operate through an area of thunderstorms unless separations AM 4-48
between individual thunderstorm cells are at least:
 5 miles if below 10,000 feet
 10 miles if between 10,000 and 25,000 feet
 20 miles if at or above 25,000 feet
Avoid flying directly over the top of a thunderstorm cell within 5,000 AM 4-49
feet of the radar return.
When possible, detour between the cells of a squall line rather than
over them.
Deviate upwind when possible.
Turbulence can be expected downwind from the storm 1 nm for each
knot of wind at altitude.
To avoid hail, do not fly under the anvil or in cirrus or cirrostratus
layers downwind of the storm top.
Hail has been encountered as much as 20 miles downwind from large
thunderstorms.
Thunderstorms Near Airport Delay or conduct the departure or arrival from a different direction if AM 4-48
significant thunderstorm activity is within 15 miles of the airport.
Takeoffs and landings will not be attempted when a thunderstorm is
within 3 miles of the intended flight path. Special consideration
should be given to delaying or diverting when heavy rain associated
with a thunderstorm is within the airport boundary or on the
approach or departure path.
Tire Failure Consider continuing to the destination unless there is evidence that Q 14.25
other damage has occurred such as abnormal engine indications,
engine vibration or loss of hydraulic pressure or quantity.
Advise ATC of possible tire remnants on the runway.
Refer to the checklist in the QRH.
Touchdown Zone Elevation Touchdown Zone Elevation (TDZE) is the highest elevation in the first AM 22
3,000 feet of the landing surface.
Transponder Codes AM 3-19
Emergency 7700
Radio Failure 7600 (do not squawk 7700 first for simple lost comm)
Unlawful Interference 7500
Oceanic 2000 (except in WATRS airspace and approaching Guam)
Transponder Source Selector During preflight, set 1 or L if the left or center autopilot will be used NP 20.29
and set 2 or R if the right autopilot will be used.
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting beyond checklist directed actions is rarely helpful and T 8.3
has caused further loss of system function or failure. In some cases,
accidents and incidents have resulted. The crew should consider
additional actions beyond the checklist only when completion of the
published checklist steps clearly results in an unacceptable situation.
Flight crew entry into the electronics compartment in flight is not
recommended.
Turbulence An encounter with severe or extreme turbulence requires a logbook AM 4-32
entry and a special aircraft structural inspection.
Turbulence LeHi – if the aircraft is drifting left it indicates you are flying toward a GS
high pressure ridge and the tropopause is climbing. Descend to avoid
or minimize tropopause turbulence.
RiLo – if the aircraft is drifting right it indicates you are flying toward
a low pressure trough and the tropopause is descending. Climb to
avoid or minimize tropopause turbulence.
Tropopause altitudes are also on the flight plan.

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Turbulence The autopilot may remain engaged during light to moderate turbulence SP 16.61
unless airspeed, altitude or attitude deviations require manual control.
Normally fly the turbulent air penetration speed (290 kts/.78 M,
whichever is less), but below 10,000 feet MSL a speed of 240-250
knots provides adequate buffet margin.
Severe turbulence should be avoided if at all possible, but if it cannot
be avoided, descending approximately 4,000 feet below optimum
altitude will increase buffet margin.
Autothrottles should be off in severe turbulence.
Place the Engine Start Selectors in CONT in severe turbulence.
Turbulence When dealing with turbulence associated with jet stream winds: GS
 consider changing altitude or course if the wind is a headwind or
tailwind
 maintain course if the wind is a crosswind and consider climbing
if OAT is rising and descending if OAT is decreasing
Unacceptable Passengers Unacceptable passengers include those: F 7.1.1
 whose behavior indicates they may be hazardous to other
passengers
 who refuse to permit a search of their person or property for
explosives or weapons
 who are unruly, obnoxious or disorderly
 who appear to be intoxicated or under the influence of drugs
 who are not wearing some type of footwear
 who are naked above the waist
 who are stretcher patients
 who refuse to produce positive identification
 who have a malodorous condition unless due to a disability
Unaccompanied Baggage Convene the Security Conflict Team if a security concern arises. F 7.2.2
On domestic flights, baggage may travel unaccompanied provided a
TSA-approved screening method or a provision of Delta’s security
program has been applied.
On international flights, a positive passenger/checked baggage match F 7.2.3
will be accomplished, however baggage from passengers
involuntarily denied boarding (e.g. space, weight, mechanical,
weather, etc.) may remain on the aircraft. Baggage of passengers
removed from the flight or denied boarding for other reasons (e.g.
abusive, medical, etc.) should be removed.
Unreliable Airspeed Indicator An airspeed display differing by more than 15 knots from the standby Q 10.2
indicator should be considered unreliable. Additional evidence is
listed in the Airspeed Unreliable checklist in the QRH.
Unscheduled Pressurization Do not leave the interior of the airplane unattended with a pack SP 16.15
operating and all doors closed (e.g. during cold weather ops).
Accidental closure of the outflow valve can cause an unscheduled
pressurization. (Pop!)
Valve Lights All Valve lights on the flight deck indicate a disagreement between the GS
valve position and the commanded position.
VASI and PAPI T 6.2
Two-Bar VASI Two-bar VASI systems should not be used. Red over white is low.
Three-Bar VASI Red over two whites is on glidepath.
PAPI Two white and two red is on glidepath. T 6.6

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Vertical Speed Descent Rate Use one of the following methods to determine the descent rate GS
required for a non-precision approach using vertical speed:
 use the table on approach chart, if available
 use ground speed divided by two, times ten (e.g. if groundspeed
is 140 knots, then 140/2 = 70 and 70 x 10 = 700 fpm)
 HAT x airspeed (kts)/distance from FAF (nm) to rwy x 60
Vertical Speed Mode Vertical Speed mode has no automatic low speed (stall) protection and SP 4.3
permits flight away from the selected altitude. Always select a new
level off altitude prior to engaging Vertical Speed mode.
VFR Climb VFR conditions and cloud clearances must be maintained throughout AM 3-71
the climb.
Pilots are responsible for:
 VFR traffic avoidance
 ensuring terrain and obstacle clearance
 any restriction issued by ATC
 intercepting the route of flight during or after completing the
VFR climb
VFR Pattern Left traffic at 1,500' AFE unless otherwise specified. AM 3-64
VHF Guard In general, unless needed for ATC or Company communications, AM 6-48
monitor 121.5 on the right VHF radio.
Visibility If RVR or RVV is reported, it controls for the specified runway. If AM 3-6
RVR or RVV is not reported, use Prevailing Visibility.
Visibility Prevailing Visibility – the greatest horizontal visibility equaled or AIM PCG
exceeded throughout at least half the horizon circle which need not
necessarily be continuous.
Runway Visibility Value (RVV) – the visibility determined for a
particular runway by a transmissometer. The meter provides a
continuous indication of the visibility (reported in miles or fractions
of miles) for the runway.
Runway Visual Range (RVR) – an instrumentally derived value that
represents the horizontal distance a pilot will see down the runway
from the approach end. In contrast to prevailing visibility and RVV,
RVR is based on what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see looking
down the runway.
Visual Approaches (ICAO) When IMC conditions exist, an ICAO visual approach is equivalent to AM 3-73
a US Contact Approach and is not authorized. Be aware that the
ICAO term “visual approach” does not necessarily mean VMC
conditions exist.
When VMC conditions exist, all US visual approach limitations and
restrictions apply.
Visual Approaches (US) A visual approach may be accepted provided: AM 3-72
 the aircraft is within 35 nm of the destination airport
 the aircraft remains in controlled airspace and under the control
of an ATC facility
 the airport is VFR (1,000/3) or as specified in the Charted Visual
Flight Procedure
 the flight remains VFR, including cloud clearance requirements
 the pilot has visual contact with either the airport, a charted
landmark on a Charted Visual Flight Procedure or the traffic to be
followed and can maintain visual contact until landing
 If operating to or from the primary airport in Class B airspace, the
aircraft must remain at or above the floor of the Class B airspace
unless otherwise authorized by ATC

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Voice Recorder Test On some airplanes, observe the monitor needle moves to the green SP 5.1
band. The test will last approximately 5 seconds.
On some airplanes, observe the Status light flashes once.
On all airplanes, a tone may be heard with a headset plugged into jack
on the panel.
Volcanic Ash Indications of volcanic ash include: Q 0.22
 a static discharge around the windshield
 a bright glow in the engine inlets
 smoke or dust on the flight deck
 an acrid odor
Exit the area immediately. Consider a 180º turn. Attempting to climb
above the ash cloud is not recommended.
Refer to the checklist in the QRH.
Volcanic Ash Volcanic ash clouds cannot always be differentiated from regular AM 4-53
clouds, and, depending on conditions, weather radar may not return
any depiction of a volcanic ash cloud.
A briefing between the Captain and the Dispatcher is required
whenever volcanic ash information is present on the flight plan.
Wake Turbulence Separation 757: 8 nm behind an A380, 5 nm behind a heavy, 4 nm behind a 757 AM 3-19
767: 6 nm behind an A380, 4 nm behind a heavy or a 757
Wake Turbulence Vortices Wake turbulence vortices descend at 300-600 fpm. GS
With the wind on the nose or tail, expect wake turbulence when
16 miles behind an aircraft 1,000 feet above your altitude.
Warnings, Cautions and Notes Vol 1
Warning A warning is an instruction about a hazard that if ignored could result Preface 1.2.4
in injury, loss of aircraft control, or loss of life.
Caution A caution is an instruction concerning a hazard that if ignored could
result in damage to equipment.
Note A note provides amplified information, instruction, or emphasis.
Water and Waste Tanks Potable water tanks should be serviced to 75% or greater for domestic NP 20.2
operations and to 100% for international operations. Waste tanks
should be empty.
Weather Radar At reduced levels of Gain, some weather targets will disappear from SP 11.9
the indicator. Targets which are displayed will understate the true
strength of the weather. Always return Gain to Auto immediately
after using manual Gain.
Expect attenuation anytime weather targets reach Level 3 (red), when SP 11.10
the radome is wet or ice covered, or when operating within
precipitation.
Attenuation may be identified by:
 crescent-shaped returns, concave on the back side
 absence of returns or shadow beyond the target
Use ground returns to confirm radar penetration and locate radar
shadows.
Radar shadows are areas of unknown weather intensity. Never
penetrate a storm that produces a radar shadow.
When convective storms reach Level 3 (red), expect moderate to SP 11.11
severe turbulence in all areas of the storm, including Level 1 (green)
and Level 2 (yellow) areas.
Absence of indicated turbulence in TURB mode does not mean it is
safe to penetrate a weather area that by other indications is
hazardous.

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Weather Radar and Terrain Whenever the possibility exists for adverse weather and T 1.35
Display terrain/obstacles near the intended flight path, one pilot should
monitor the weather radar display and the other pilot should monitor
the terrain display.
Weather Radar Failure Planning or departing a flight through an area where a convective AM 4-48
Turbulence Plot is in effect with weather radar failure is prohibited.
Weather Radar Status Message To prevent nuisance WXR SYS status messages, turn the weather SP 11.1
radar on first and off last, and turn the HSI weather display on last
and off first.
Weather Radar Test The IRUs must be aligned and in NAV mode. SP 11.1
Weather Radar without Center To ensure the radar is not transmitting, ensure WX (cyan) is not NP 20.72
Radar Screen displayed on the HSI with WXR selected and ensure the TEST mode
is selected on the weather radar control panel.
Weather Reports Whether VMC or IMC, pilots will not takeoff or conduct approaches to F 5.5.1
any airport without a valid report of airport weather conditions.
A valid report is complete, current and from an approved source. F 5.5.2
Wind Additive on Final T 1.16
Autolanding Vref 25/30 + 5. The autothrottles will automatically increase speed for
gusts if needed.

Not Autolanding Half the steady headwind component plus all the gust not to exceed
Vref 25/30 + 20 with Vref + 5 minimum. (For example, for a 90º
crosswind, the headwind component is zero, but you still add all the
gust, up to 20 knots.) This applies even with the autothrottles on
during the approach if they will be turned off for landing.

Tailwinds Do not apply wind additives for tailwinds. Set the command bug at
Vref 25/30 + 5 for with autothrottles engaged or disengaged.

Non-Normals Wind additives are also added to approach speeds adjusted by a non- T 1.17
normal procedure if the autothrottles will be off for landing.
Wind Component Maximum gust velocity in the least favorable direction will be used to AM 3-5
compute the crosswind component.
Steady state wind velocity will be used to compute the headwind or
tailwind component.
Windshear Report windshear encountered during departure or approach to the AM 4-8
tower controller as soon as possible. Use the term “PIREP” to ensure
that it is rebroadcast.

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Windshear Severe windshear is defined as windshear that produces airspeed SP 16.62
changes of greater than 15 knots or vertical speed changes greater
than 500 fpm.
Windshear may be indicated by thunderstorm activity, virga, PIREPS
or Low Level Windshear alerts.
If windshear is indicated, delay takeoff or do not continue an approach.
If windshear is suspected, takeoffs, approaches and landings are not
recommended.
Precautions in case of inadvertent encounter include: SP 16.63
 on takeoff, use full power and the longest suitable runway. Rotate
at the normal rate to the normal all-engine pitch attitude, however
gusty winds may require a slower rotation rate. Increase rotation
speed not to exceed Vr + 20 knots. Minimize reductions to the
normal pitch attitude. Respect the stick shaker.
 on approach, use the most suitable runway and use a glidepath SP 16.64
(ILS, VNAV, PAPI, etc.). Add airspeed up to a maximum of 20
knots. Avoid large thrust reductions or trim changes in response
to sudden airspeed increases as these may be followed by
airspeed decreases.
Windshield Wipers Do not use on a dry windshield. SP 3.1
Wing Walkers The marshaling agent will normally be assisted by two wing walkers F 6.1.10
during parking except as noted on the 10-7 Special Pages or flight
plan remarks.
If less than two wing walkers are available at other stations, the
Captain may continue to the gate provided no threat to personnel or
aircraft safety exists.
Wingspans Wingspans (rounded up) II
 757 with a conventional wing – 125 feet
 757 with winglets – 135 feet
 757-300 – 125 feet
 767 with a conventional wing – 157 feet
 767 with winglets – 167 feet
Worn Tire Notify maintenance if: NP 20.5
 any tread groove is worn away completely around the tire
 any tire is worn beyond limits, damaged or the tread is separating
 any layer of cord showing
 a questionable cut exists
 any appearance of improper inflation
 any wheel through-bolt or nut is missing or damaged
Worn Tires and Fluid Leaks The FAA has suspended a pilot's ability to Flight Crew Placard worn APB 12-01
tires and fluid leaks. Contact maintenance to evaluate the discrepancy
instead.
A worn tire is good for 10 additional landings after the MCO.
Pilots are not required to comply with any special procedures for worn
tires or leaks beyond normal preflight and postflight inspections.
Yaw Damper INOP Lights Yaw Damper INOP lights remain illuminated until the IRUs are NP 20.18
aligned.

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 Systems Review
The Systems Review follows the same general sequence as Volume 2 and therefore may seem a little disjointed.

Overhead Panel Lights

the forward equipment bay and/or the electrical equipment (E/E) door is not closed,
ACCESS DOORS
latched and locked
AIL LOCK (767) the aileron lockout actuator disagrees with the commanded position
ANTISKID a fault is detected in the antiskid system
AOA a probe is not being heated
AUTO SPDBRK a fault is detected in the automatic speedbrake system
CARGO DOORS a cargo door is not closed, latched and locked
EMER DOORS an emergency door or a wing slide door is not closed, latched and locked
ENTRY DOORS an entry door is not closed, latched and locked
MACH SPD TRIM (757) the Mach/speed trim system is inoperative
PITOT a probe is not being heated
RUDDER RATIO the rudder ratio system is inoperative or not receiving left system hydraulic pressure
SPOILERS one or more spoiler pairs are not in the commanded position
STAB TRIM stabilizer trim rate is ½ the normal control wheel trim rate
TAT the TAT probe is not being heated
UNSCHED STAB TRIM an uncommanded stabilizer motion is detected

Forward Panel Lights

A/P DISC an autopilot was automatically or manually disconnected
A/T DISC the autothrottles have disconnected
ALT ALERT between a 250' and a 750' deviation from the selected altitude
a degraded operating condition exists in the engaged autopilot. An alternate
AUTO PILOT
autopilot may be available.
AUTOBRAKES autobrakes are disarmed or inoperative
BRAKE SOURCE both normal and alternate brake system pressures are low
BRAKE TEMP a brake temperature is in the high range (5 or higher)
CABIN ALT cabin altitude has exceeded 10,000 feet
CONFIG a configuration warning exists
ENG OIL PRESS oil pressure is at or below minimum or a switch has malfunctioned
FIRE an engine, APU, wheel well or cargo fire is detected
FMC there is a message in the FMC scratchpad
GND PROX a ground proximity caution exists
OVRSPD the airplane is exceeding Mmo or Vmo
the GPWS barometric or radio altitude descent rate is excessive or a look-ahead
PULL UP
terrain warning (if installed) is active
the speedbrakes are extended while airborne with the flaps in a landing position or
SPEED BRAKES
when the radio altitude is 800' or below
WHL WELL FIRE a fire is detected in one or both main gear wheel wells
WINDSHEAR a windshear condition is detected

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Airplane General, Emergency Equipment, Doors and Windows
To avoid inadvertent system actuation, the flight crew should not attempt to replace light bulbs. Contact
maintenance instead.
Fasten Seat Belt selector in Auto – if the selector is in Auto, the Fasten Seat Belt signs will be on when:
 the landing gear is not up and locked, or
 the flap lever is not up, or
 cabin altitude is above 10,000 feet, or
 passenger oxygen is on (not true for some 767s)
The No Smoking selector works differently on different airplanes, but we always leave it in the On position so the
rather complicated description is omitted here.
In general, the No Smoking and Fasten Seat Belt signs automatically illuminate and the Return to Seat signs in the
lavs extinguish any time the passenger oxygen system is activated. There are variations however.
The Light Override switch overrides and illuminates the forward panel flood lights, illuminated indicator lights,
glare shield flood lights, aisle stand lights and dome lights at maximum intensity.
There is one landing light in each wing root and two landing lights on the nose gear on all airplanes. Nose gear
landing lights will not illuminate unless the nose gear is down and locked.
The 757 has two runway turnoff lights on the nose gear that will not illuminate unless the nose gear is down and
locked. The 767 has one runway turnoff light in each wing root that will illuminate with the gear up or down.
Most 757s have either one or two taxi lights on the nose gear and the 767 has two taxi lights on the nose gear. Taxi
lights will not illuminate unless the nose gear is down and locked.
Some 757s do not have a taxi light. Use the nose landing light instead.
Logo lights are not installed or deactivated on most airplanes, but operational on some.
If normal electrical power is lost, the magnetic compass light, forward panel flood lights, and integral lights for
essential instruments on the left forward, center forward and overhead panels are automatically switched to the
Standby AC bus.
There are sensors on the center forward instrument panel that will automatically override the Dim position of the
indicator lights switch and illuminate the indicator lights full bright if the light level in the cockpit is high.
The emergency lighting system is powered by remote batteries charged by the airplane’s electrical system. A fully
charged battery provides at least 15 minutes of operation.
If the Emergency Lights switch in the cockpit is armed and an armed entry door or emergency door is opened, only
the emergency lights on that side of the aircraft will illuminate. The idea is to show the fire department from which
side of the airplane the passengers are evacuating, but note that flight attendants are trained to turn on all
emergency lights during an evacuation and, even if they don’t, all emergency lights will illuminate when the
engines and APU are shut down during the Evacuation checklist, so this really won’t give the fire department any
information.
Emergency Lights switch:
 Off – prevents the emergency lights system from operating if electric power fails or is turned off
 Armed – all emergency lights illuminate if DC power fails or is turned off
 On – all emergency lights illuminate
Emergency Lights Unarmed light – the Emergency Lights switch is not in the Armed position.
The Passenger Cabin Emergency Lights switch on the flight attendant panel bypasses the cockpit emergency lights
switch and turns on all interior and exterior emergency lights.
Passenger oxygen is supplied by individual oxygen generators in the overhead Passenger Service Units (PSUs) and
lasts 12 minutes (22 minutes on some 757s). Oxygen begins flowing when a mask hanging from the PSU is pulled
down, which pulls the pin on a chemical oxygen generator.
The oxygen generators will get extremely hot while producing oxygen and burn all the dust in the overhead
compartments. It may appear there is a fire in the cabin.
Oxygen masks will automatically drop from the PSUs if cabin altitude exceeds 14,000 feet and can be manually
dropped from the flight deck by pushing the Passenger Oxygen switch.
The Passenger Oxygen On light indicates the signal has been sent to open the PSU doors.
Do not activate the passenger oxygen system during a smoke or fumes situation. It mixes cabin air with oxygen and
therefore does not provide any protection for the passengers. It is also an extreme fire hazard.
An Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) is located in the cockpit and should be taken by the F/O after ditching.
There may be a second ELT in the cabin.

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Flight deck windows can be opened from inside for emergency escape, but cannot be opened from outside the
airplane. No rescue from outside.
Flight deck windows can also be opened and closed in flight at speeds below 250 knots (below clean speed
recommended) if the airplane is unpressurized. If the forward windows are damaged, forward visibility is possible
by looking out an open side window.
The flight deck door will unlock when power is removed from the airplane. Decompression panels will open to
equalize pressure in the event of a rapid decompression.
Entry doors have power assist to aid in opening the door and deploying the slide in the event of an emergency.
Escape slides at the entry doors are also configured as life rafts. There may be an additional life raft stored in a
ceiling compartment.
Wing slides are not life rafts and may not be used as flotation devices.
Emergency door slides on 757 ships 68xx are not life rafts, but may be used as auxiliary flotation devices.
Escape slides have manual inflation handles in case the slide does not automatically inflate.
On the 757, the slide rafts are too small to hold a survival kit, so a raft survival kit may be stored in an overhead
compartment near each entry door. Don’t forget it.
If armed, the escape slide automatically disarms if the door is opened from outside the airplane.
Entry Doors – there are six on the 757 and either four or six on the 767. If an entry door is not closed, latched and
locked, the Entry Doors light on the overhead panel will illuminate and EICAS will show which door(s) are open.
Emergency Doors – there are four overwing emergency doors on most 757s, two emergency doors aft of the wing
on some 757s, and either two or four overwing emergency doors on the 767. Emergency doors are armed at all
times and opening an emergency door will automatically deploy the door slide or the wing slide. If an emergency
door or a wing slide door is not closed, latched and locked, the Emer Doors light on the overhead panel will
illuminate and EICAS will give the location. If more than one door is open, a single EICAS message will indicate
multiple doors.
Cargo Doors – there are two cargo doors (forward and aft) on the 757 and three cargo doors (forward, aft and bulk)
on the 767. If a cargo door is not closed, latched and locked, the Cargo Doors light on the overhead panel will
illuminate and EICAS will give the location. If more than one door is open, a single EICAS message will indicate
multiple doors.
Forward and aft cargo doors are normally operated electrically (Ground Handling bus), but may be operated
manually if necessary. The bulk cargo door on the 767 is operated manually.
Access Doors – there are two access doors (forward equipment bay and electrical equipment (E/E) compartment) on
all airplanes. If an access door is not closed, latched and locked, the Access Doors light on the overhead panel will
illuminate and EICAS will give the location. If both doors are open, the EICAS message will be Access Doors.
Potable water is stored in a single tank behind the aft cargo compartment. There are two water service panels – one
on the right forward fuselage just behind and below the 1R door and one at the rear of the aircraft on the bottom
centerline under the aft entry doors.
Each lav and each galley has a water shutoff valve and a drain valve for isolation purposes.
Water from galley and lav sinks is drained overboard through two heated drain masts on the bottom of the airplane.
Lavs on the 757-200 have individual, self-contained waste tanks that are serviced individually from panels on the
outside of the aircraft.
The 757-300 and 767 use a vacuum pump or cabin differential pressure to route lav waste to storage tank(s) located
in the bulk cargo compartment. All 767ERs and some domestic 767s have two waste tank sensors in each tank. If a
sensor indicates the tank is full, the Lav Inop light illuminates and the lavs on that tank are shut down. Pressing the
Sensor Off switch allows the lavs to be used provided the tank is not completely full. A Sensor Foul light
illuminates if a sensor becomes fouled or dirty and may shut down all lavs on that tank.
On some airplanes, the flight deck speakers are muted when any transmission is made with the boom mic or hand
mic so at least one pilot must have his headset on to monitor the radios if a boom mic or hand mic is used for PAs
or interphone communication. The speaker does not mute if the handset on the aft pedestal is used or if the audio
panel mic switch is in OXY.

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Air Conditioning
Two identical air conditioning packs cool bleed air from the engines, APU or high-pressure air from a ground source
(huffer cart). Bleed air is pre-cooled before entering a pack.
The two packs are controlled by two identical pack controllers and pack output is automatically increased during
high pack demand times (failed opposite pack or failed recirc fan) and inhibited during times of high bleed air
demand (failed engine).
With the pack selector in Off, the pack valve is closed and the Pack Off light is illuminated.
With the pack selector in Auto, pack output temperature is determined by the compartment requiring the coolest air
and then warm trim air is added to the other compartments as determined by their individual zone temperature
controllers to maintain the desired temperature in those compartments.
With the pack selector in the Standby mode (not in Auto), pack output temperature is determined by the position of
the pack selector:
 N (normal) – pack output is a constant, moderate temperature
 C (cool) – pack output is full cold
 W (warm) – pack output is full warm
The Pack Inop light and a PACK TEMP EICAS message will illuminate for all pack control system faults and
overheats. If the problem was an automatic control system fault or a pack outlet temperature overheat, the pack
will continue operating in an uncontrolled, degraded mode and flight crew action is necessary. If the problem was
an internal pack overheat, the pack valve will close and the Pack Inop light will be accompanied by a Pack Off
light and a PACK OFF EICAS message. This is the classic pack trip and the pack may be reset with the pack reset
switch after it has cooled to a temperature below the overheat level.
 Pack Inop light only – controller fault or outlet overheat
 Pack Inop and Pack Off lights – pack trip caused by an internal overheat
Air from the packs flows to a mix manifold where it is mixed with returning air from the recirc fans and distributed
to the cabin, however the flight deck receives 100% fresh air from the left pack at a slightly higher pressure to
keep smoke and fumes out of the flight deck. If the left pack is inop, the flight deck receives air from the mix
manifold.
The terms “compartment” and “zone” are used interchangeably in the Boeing manuals for the temperature control
compartments.
The 757-200 is divided into three compartments (flight deck, forward cabin, aft cabin) and the 757-300 and 767 are
divided into four compartments (flight deck, forward cabin, mid cabin, aft cabin). Each compartment has a
temperature controller to control the temperature in that compartment by adding warm trim air to the pack output
air if necessary. The 757 temperature controllers have Auto and Off positions for all compartments and the 767
temperature controllers have Auto and Manual positions for the flight deck compartment and Auto and Off
positions for the other zones. The manual position allows manual control of the flight deck trim air valve, if
necessary, and there is a trim air valve position indicator next to the control.
Compartment Temperature Controls:
 Auto – automatic temperature control selectable between 65ºF and 85ºF (18ºC and 30ºC)
 Off – compartment trim air valve is closed (all compartments except 767 flight deck)
 Man – compartment trim air valve is controlled manually (767 flight deck compartment only)
The Compartment Temperature Inop light will illuminate to indicate:
 a fault in zone temperature controller
 the zone temperature controller switch is off (except a flight deck controller on the 767)
 the trim air switch is off (all compartment Inop lights will be on in this case)
If the trim air switch is off, the cabin temperature controller attempts to maintain all compartments at an average
temperature.
Recirc fans allow the packs to be operated at a reduced flow by returning cabin air to the mix manifold. On the 757,
the left recirc fan exhausts air from the forward E/E system and should not be turned off because that will cause
the overboard exhaust valve to latch open requiring maintenance action to reset. Other recirc fans may be turned
off to provide a more rapid exchange of air in the cabin.
The gasper system (if installed) draws air from the forward cabin overhead air conditioning ducts and discharges it
from the gasper outlets in the passenger service units.
Shoulder heaters electrically warm the air in the cockpit side window diffusers. The High setting is only available in
flight, but the Low setting is available in flight or on the ground.
Foot heaters electrically warm the cockpit floorboards (no air flow) and are only available in flight.

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Equipment Cooling - 757
On the 757, the equipment cooling system supplies cooling air to the forward equipment racks and flight deck
avionics. The system has a supply fan (actually two fans; normal and alternate) that draws air from the cabin and
forces it through the equipment racks and avionics and then the left recirc fan returns the air to the air conditioning
mix manifold. If differential pressure in the system is low (left recirc fan not operating), the overboard exhaust
valve latches open and most of the air is exhausted overboard. As previously mentioned, the left recirc fan should
not be turned off because resetting the overboard exhaust valve requires maintenance action.
The Overheat light indicates insufficient airflow for equipment cooling due to a failure of the supply fan or the
overboard exhaust valve is not open with the left recirc fan off or failed. The Overheat light is accompanied by the
EQUIPMENT OVERHEAT EICAS message and a ground crew call horn if the airplane is on the ground. If the
Overheat light remains illuminated, avionics not on the Standby busses (e.g. EFIS flight instruments) are subject to
imminent failure. Avionics on the Standby busses (e.g. standby flight instruments) are reliable for 90 minutes. On
some airplanes an auxiliary fan operates automatically to cool essential avionics if both supply fans are inop.
The Alternate position of the Equipment Cooling switch turns on the alternate supply fan or opens the overboard
exhaust valve as necessary.
The Smoke light indicates smoke is detected in the equipment cooling ducts and the system automatically attempts
to remove it by turning the recirc fan(s) off, switching one or both packs to high flow, and latching the overboard
exhaust valve open. Smoke removal is completely automatic, however the source of the smoke should be
investigated.

Equipment Cooling - 767

Just like the 757, the equipment cooling system supplies cooling air to the forward equipment racks and flight deck
avionics on the 767.
System operation is automatic with the Equipment Cooling selector in Auto. On the ground, the system considers
engine and pack operation, skin temperature and outside air temperature to determine the correct system
configuration and a supply fan and an exhaust fan either recirculate cooling air or port it overboard as necessary.
In flight, only the exhaust fan operates and cooling air is recirculated.
Equipment Cooling Selector (Schoolhouse answer):
 Auto – positions the cooling system for “automatic operation” and provides “best cooling for the conditions”
 Standby – positions the cooling system for “inboard air flow” and provides “maximum cooling”
 Override – positions the cooling system for “reverse air flow” and provides “differential pressure cooling”
The No Cooling light indicates no reverse airflow through the E/E compartment avionics after selecting Override.
The light is only active in Override. If the No Cooling light remains illuminated, avionics not on the Standby
busses (e.g. EFIS flight instruments) are subject to imminent failure. Avionics on the Standby busses (e.g. standby
flight instruments) are reliable for 90 minutes.
A Valve light indicates equipment cooling valves are not in their commanded position.
The Overheat light indicates high temperature or low airflow is detected in the equipment cooling system.
The Smoke light indicates smoke is detected in the forward equipment cooling ducts.
In general, for Equipment Cooling non-normals on the 767, “point the switch at the light:”
 for Valve or Overheat lights – go to Standby
 for the Smoke light – go to Override

Cargo Heat
Cargo heat on the 757 is completely automatic.
On the 767, bleed air is used to heat the forward, aft and bulk cargo compartments. With the Cargo Heat switches
on, bleed air is ducted to each compartment through a shutoff valve and a heat control valve. The heat control
valve modulates to maintain the temperature in the compartment within a “standard control range,” the lower limit
of which is above approximately 45º F. (The actual range is not specified.) If the temperature exceeds the standard
control range, such as would happen if the heat control valve failed open, the Overheat light illuminates. If the
temperature continues to rise and exceeds approximately 90º F, the shutoff valve closes and bleed air is removed.
When the temperature decreases back into the standard control range, the Overheat light extinguishes, the shutoff
valve reopens and bleed air is reapplied. Cargo compartment temperature will then cycle between the standard
control range and 90º F.

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The Bulk Cargo Heat selector on the P-61 panel reprograms the Heat Control valve for the bulk cargo compartment
to maintain above approximately 65ºF and turns on a vent fan to allow carrying animals. It should be left in the
Vent position at all times.

Pressurization
Pressurization is controlled by adjusting the discharge of cabin air through the outflow valve.
Positive and negative pressure relief doors protect the fuselage against excessive differential pressure.
The index mark on the Cabin Altitude Auto Rate control programs approximately a 500 fpm climb and a 300 fpm
descent.
If the selected automatic mode of the cabin altitude mode selector (Auto 1 or Auto 2) fails, control is automatically
switched to the other auto controller.
If both auto controllers fail or if the mode selector is placed to Manual, the Auto Inop light illuminates and the
CABIN AUTO INOP EICAS message is displayed. In Manual, the outflow valve is powered by the Standby DC
bus and is controlled manually by the switch on the pressurization panel.
The system automatically applies a small positive pressure to the cabin before takeoff and the outflow valve
automatically opens at touchdown to depressurize the airplane. During flight, the system uses the higher of either
the landing altitude or the scheduled cruise altitude as the programmed cabin cruise altitude.
If the cabin altitude exceeds 10,000 feet, the Cabin Altitude lights illuminate, the warning siren sounds and the
CABIN ALTITUDE EICAS message is displayed. The lights extinguish and the message blanks when the cabin
descends below 8,500 feet.
In Auto mode (and in Manual mode on some airplanes), if the cabin altitude exceeds 11,000 feet, the outflow valve
closes automatically.
If the cabin altitude exceeds 14,000 feet the passenger oxygen masks will drop.

Bleed Air Systems

Bleed air can be supplied by the engines, the APU or a ground air source and is used for:
 air conditioning
 pressurization
 engine start
 wing and engine anti-ice
 hydraulic reservoir pressurization
 cargo heat
 Air-driven Demand Pump (767 only)
 thrust reversers (some 767s only)
Engine bleed air comes from either the low-pressure or high-pressure engine compressor sections. Low-pressure air
is used during high power settings and high-pressure air is used during descent and other low power settings.
Engine bleed air valves are armed when the switch is on, but are pressure actuated and remain closed until engine
bleed air pressure is sufficient to open them. They may close during times of low bleed air demand. The Off light
illuminates and the ENG BLEED OFF EICAS message displays when the bleed valve is closed either manually,
due to a system fault, or due to low airflow.
Bleed, Overheat and Hi Stage lights mean different things on different airplanes. The Delta Schoolhouse answer is
that all are considered “bleed air malfunctions.”
APU bleed air is available up to approximately 17,000 feet.
A check valve in the APU supply line prevents reverse flow of bleed air into the APU.
The APU Valve light illuminates when the APU bleed valve disagrees with the commanded position.
Two ground pneumatic carts (huffer carts) or one “super huffer” is required for engine start if the APU is inop.
On the 757, one ground pneumatic connector connects to the left bleed duct and one connects to the right bleed duct.
On the 767, both ground pneumatic connectors connect to the left bleed duct.
Isolation valves, except for the center isolation valve on the 767, are normally closed except during engine start and
during single-bleed operation. The center isolation valve on the 767 is normally open to supply the ADP. An
isolation Valve light illuminates when the valve position disagrees with the commanded position.

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The Duct Leak light illuminates when a high-temperature bleed air leak is detected. On the 757, the left duct leak
detector also watches most of the crossover duct and the APU duct. On the 767, the left duct leak detector watches
most of the crossover duct and the center duct leak detector watches the APU duct.
On the 767, flight longer than 6 hours with a Bleed Duct Leak or Body Duct Leak light illuminated may result in
structural damage.

Anti-Ice and Rain

Engine anti-ice systems provide bleed air to the engine cowl inlets and may be operated in flight or on the ground.
“TAI” will appear either above or below the N1 gauge, depending on which brand of engine is installed, when the
engine anti-ice valve is open.
Do not attempt to anti-ice an engine or engines with APU bleed air. Always use bleed air from the respective
engine. APU bleed air will turn on the TAI indication and everything will look normal, but there isn’t enough air
to actually anti-ice the engine and ice may form and cause damage.
Wing anti-ice systems provide bleed air to the three mid-wing leading edge slats on the 757 and the three outboard
leading edge slats on the 767. Wing anti-ice is inhibited on the ground and only operates in flight.
The Valve light for both wing and engine anti-ice systems will illuminate when the valve position disagrees with the
commanded position.
The Icing light (if installed) on manual anti-ice systems illuminates when icing is detected by a single sensor on the
nose of the aircraft. It is advisory only and flight crew action is required to activate or deactivate anti-ice systems.
Some (but not all) 767ERs have an automatic anti-icing system. Two icing detectors are installed on the nose of the
aircraft and signal the wing and engine anti-ice valves to open or close as needed. The automatic system only
works in flight. It is inhibited on the ground and engine anti-ice must be manually selected on or off during ground
ops as necessary. Wing anti-ice is inhibited on the ground on all airplanes, including the 767ER.
On the automatic system, the Icing light will illuminate only when icing is detected and a wing and/or engine anti-
ice valve is not open either because the switch is Off (not in Auto) or the valve has failed closed. (It’s indicating
that icing is detected and anti-icing is not on.) The Ice Det light will illuminate if both ice detector systems have
failed.
On all airplanes, the supply to wing anti-ice is downstream of the engine bleed valve. You can’t anti-ice a wing from
its engine with the bleed valve closed, but you can anti-ice a wing from the opposite engine if the bleed valve is
failed closed or if its engine is shut down.
On the 757, the supply to engine anti-ice is downstream of the engine bleed valve. You can’t anti-ice an engine from
itself with the bleed valve closed, but you can anti-ice that engine from the opposite engine if the bleed valve is
failed closed or if the engine is shut down.
On the 767, the supply to engine anti-ice is upstream of the engine bleed valve. You can anti-ice an engine from
itself with the bleed valve closed, but you can’t anti-ice that engine from the opposite engine.
All flight deck windows are electrically heated. The forward windows have anti-icing and anti-fogging protection
and the side windows have anti-fogging protection only. The forward windows also have supplemental anti-
fogging protection provided by conditioned air. The Window Heat Inop light illuminates when a window is not
being heated.
Rain repellent is deactivated on all airplanes.
The probe heat system is fully automatic. Power is supplied to electrically heat all probes anytime an engine is
running. An individual probe heat light will illuminate when that probe is not being heated.

Automatic Flight
On the ground with no autopilot engaged and both flight director (F/D) switches off, the first F/D switch turned on
arms the flight director in the takeoff pitch and roll modes (wings level, 8º nose up). The second F/D switch turned
on displays the steering bars on the second ADI.
If the F/D switches are turned on in flight with the autopilot off, the flight director engages in V/S and HDG HOLD.
If the autopilot is on, the flight director engages in the current autopilot mode.
The flight director bars will automatically display, even if the F/D switches are off, if the G/A switch is pressed and
the flaps are not up and the airspeed is above 80 knots.
The autopilot engages in the current F/D mode except for TO and G/A. If the flight directors are in TO or G/A mode
or if both flight directors are off, the autopilot engages in V/S and HDG HOLD.

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Control Wheel Steering (CWS) (if installed) – if the airplane attitude at CWS engagement exceeds autopilot limits
(limits vary by airplane, but are rather excessive), the autopilot returns the airplane to within autopilot limits. If the
control wheel is released with less than 3º of bank under normal conditions, or less than 1º of bank after localizer
capture, the autopilot rolls wings level and holds heading.
There are five autothrottle modes – N1/EPR, SPD, VNAV, FLCH and G/A. Note that they are the four buttons
surrounding the IAS/MACH selector on the MCP plus the G/A switches on the throttles. Pressing any of those
buttons or switches will engage the autothrottles if they are disengaged, provided the A/T Arm switch is on.
There are five reasons the autothrottles will disconnect:
 A/T Arm switch is turned off
 A/T Disconnect switch on a throttle is pushed
 a thrust reverser is deployed
 TMC failure
 loss of the primary engine parameter (EPR or N1) in an EEC
When the N1/EPR switch is pressed the autothrottles drive to and hold the reference N1/EPR displayed on EICAS
subject to maximum speed limits.
When the SPD Switch is pressed the autothrottles maintain the speed or Mach displayed in the MCP window subject
to maximum and minimum speed limits.
IAS/Mach changeover – IAS changes to Mach in climb at approximately .80 M, and Mach changes to IAS in
descent at approximately 300 KIAS.
LNAV will engage if the airplane is within 2½ nm (767) or within the airplane’s turn radius (757) of the active
route. Otherwise it just arms.
LNAV will maintain the present heading when:
 passing the last waypoint prior to a route discontinuity
 passing the last active route waypoint
 passing the last offset route waypoint
 activating an inactive route or activating an airway intercept and not within LNAV capture criteria
In Vertical Speed mode the airplane will fly away from a captured altitude and there is no high or low speed
protection. Use with caution.
With the Bank Limit Selector in Auto, the bank used in HDG SEL mode varies with airspeed from 15-25º. It has no
effect on other roll modes.
Heading Hold switch – the autopilot or flight director will roll wings level and then hold that heading.
Altitude Hold switch – the autopilot or flight director will hold, or return to, the altitude at the time the switch was
pressed.
LOC capture can occur when the intercept track angle is within 120º of the localizer course.
G/S capture can occur when the intercept track angle is within 80º of the localizer course.
Either LOC or G/S can be captured first.
To disarm Approach mode:
 if neither LOC or G/S has been captured, press the APP switch again or select another pitch or roll mode to
disarm Approach mode
 with only LOC or G/S captured, select another roll or pitch mode (as appropriate) other than LNAV or VNAV
 after LOC and G/S capture, the only way to deselect Approach mode is to disengage the autopilot and cycle
both flight director switches or to select G/A mode.
On a backcourse localizer approach, press the B/CRS switch before the LOC switch because if LOC is armed first,
it’s possible for the autopilot or flight director to capture the front course in the instant before B/CRS is pushed
and the airplane will proceed in the wrong direction. Push the buttons in alphabetical order or in the same order as
you say the name of the approach, i.e. “Backcourse Localizer.”
Auto Pilot light – if an autoflight failure affects only the active mode, the autopilot will remain engaged in an
attitude stabilizing mode, the discrete Auto Pilot light will illuminate and an amber line will be drawn through the
degraded mode annunciation. If the fault is not common to all autopilots, a different autopilot may be operational
and should be selected.
A/P Disconnect light – an autopilot was automatically or manually disconnected.
A/T Disconnect light – the autothrottles were disconnected.
Three independent Flight Control Computers (FCCs) control three independent sets of autopilot servos to the
ailerons and elevators.
Autopilot rudder control is used only during multiple-autopilot ILS approaches.

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Nosewheel steering is used by the autopilot during landing rollout after an autoland.
During an ILS approach with all three autopilots engaged, separate electrical power sources power the three FCCs
and autopilots. The left autopilot is on the left main system, the center autopilot is on the battery/standby system
(Hot Battery bus and Standby AC bus through the standby inverter), and the right autopilot is on the right main
system. See the Electrical section for more information.
Changes to autoland status below 200' RA are inhibited except for a transition to NO AUTOLAND.
On takeoff, the flight director commands V2 + 15 knots or liftoff speed + 15 knots, whichever is greater. If the
current speed remains above the target speed for 5 seconds, the target speed resets to the current speed up to a
maximum of V2 + 25 knots.
Go-Around arms in flight whenever the flaps are extended (flap lever not up) or at glideslope capture. Pressing a
G/A switch engages the autothrottles to provide a climb of at least 2,000 fpm, causes the autopilot and/or flight
director to command a climb at current airspeed or MCP airspeed, whichever is higher, and maintain the ground
track at time of engagement. If the airspeed increases above the initial target speed and remains there for 5
seconds, the target speed resets to the current airspeed up to a maximum of MCP speed plus 25 knots. If the initial
go-around speed was above MCP speed plus 25 knots, that speed is maintained.
Elevator authority is limited during single autopilot operation, such as on a non-ILS approach, and may not be
sufficient to counteract pitch up or pitch down during go-around or level off under certain conditions. Always be
prepared to disconnect the autopilot and fly manually if necessary.
Altitude capture from a climb that requires a significant airspeed increase or thrust reduction may result in the
autopilot descending away from the selected altitude in an attempt to increase airspeed. Once again, always be
prepared to disconnect the autopilot and fly manually if necessary.
If LAND 2 is displayed on the ASA, the autopilot will automatically apply nose-up pitch trim as the airplane
descends below 330' RA for 757-200s and below 100' RA for 757-300s and 767s. If the autopilot is then
disengaged, it will take 20-30 pounds of forward pressure to counter the added pitch trim. If an automatic go-
around is accomplished, the added trim is automatically removed.
During an autoland, G/A is inhibited after 2 seconds at or below 5' RA. If a G/A switch is pushed after that time, the
flight director will command go-around pitch, but the autothrottles will not automatically advance.
During a multiple-autopilot approach and missed approach, the autopilots control the rudder. If on single engine, be
prepared to manually apply rudder at the first change of either pitch or roll mode or if the autopilots are
disengaged because the rudder will quickly move to its trimmed position and the airplane will roll abruptly.

Communications
Nav Filter Selector – filters VOR, ADF and ILS audio:
 Voice – only voice transmissions can be heard
 Both – both voice and station identifiers can be heard
 Range – only station identifiers can be heard
The Flight Interphone switch on the overhead panel (if installed) connects the flight and cabin interphone systems
together.
The Service Interphone switch on the P-61 panel will add additional external (unpressurized area) headphone jacks
to the cabin interphone system. The jack on the APU ground control panel on the nosewheel strut is part of the
flight interphone system however, and will work with the Service Interphone switch off.
The Alert Call switch calls all flight attendant stations.
The Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) records continuously when electrical power is applied to the airplane. During a
test, the needle (if installed) displaces to the green band if all four channels are operating. To erase the CVR, hold
the erase switch for 2 seconds while on the ground with AC power applied and the parking brake set.
The Flight Recorder is on anytime an engine is running or anytime in flight with electrical power available.
HF radios (if installed) use a common antenna. When one radio is transmitting, the antenna is disconnected from the
other radio and it cannot be used to transmit or receive. Both radios can receive simultaneously, however, if
neither is transmitting. Decreasing HF sensitivity too far prevents reception, including SELCAL reception.
Cabin PA priorities:
 flight deck announcements
 cabin announcements made from a flight attendant station
 pre-recorded announcements
 boarding music

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Electrical

Simplified Electrical System

This diagram does not show all electrical components, such as the HDG and AC Transfer busses, if installed. It also
shows a Center AC and a Center DC bus that are not mentioned in Volume 2 but help explain bus separation and
bus isolation during ILS approaches. Source: Delta Ground School Handouts.

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APU and Engine Generator Control switches arm the generator breakers to close automatically when generator
power is available. Turning the switch off opens the generator breaker and resets fault trip circuitry. The switches
are normally left on.
The APU Generator Off light indicates the APU generator breaker is open due to a fault with the APU running or
the switch is selected off. The light is normally off when the APU is off.
The Engine Generator Off light indicates the engine generator breaker is open due to a fault or the engine is shut
down. The light is normally on when the engine is shut down.
Bus Tie Switches in Auto:
 arm the automatic AC bus tie circuits
 arm the automatic DC bus tie circuits
 arm the automatic Flight Instrument Transfer bus circuits
Turning the Bus Tie Switches Off commands the AC bus tie, the DC bus tie and the Flight Instrument Transfer bus
tie to open and resets fault trip circuitry.
The AC Bus Isolation light indicates the bus tie switch is off or a fault has occurred automatically opening the bus
tie breakers and isolating the busses.
The AC Bus Off light indicates the left or right main AC bus is unpowered.
The External Power Avail light indicates external power is plugged in and power quality is acceptable.
The External Power On light indicates external power is powering a bus or busses.
The external power switch manually applies or removes external power from the electrical system. It has priority
and will trip off any existing power source.
Utility Bus switches connect or disconnect the Utility busses and Galley busses from the main AC busses and reset
overload and load shed circuitry.
The Utility Bus Off lights indicate the Utility busses and Galley busses are unpowered.
The Generator Drive lights indicate high oil temperature or low oil pressure in the Integrated Drive Generator.
Generator Drive Disconnect switches disconnect the Integrated Drive Generator (IDG) from the engine. IDGs can
only be reconnected on the ground.
The Battery Switch On allows the main battery to power the Battery bus and the Standby AC and DC busses if main
AC power is lost. It also allows the APU to be started.
The Battery Switch Off light indicates the battery switch is off.
The battery discharge light indicates the battery (main battery or APU battery) is discharging.
If the main battery is the only source of electrical power, it should power the standby system for approximately 30
minutes (90 minutes on the 757-300). On the 767, when the battery is depleted after 30 minutes, the gear and flaps
cannot be lowered.
Standby Power Selector:
 Off – Standby AC and DC busses are unpowered
 Auto – Standby AC and DC busses automatically transfer to battery power if normal AC power is lost
 Bat – Standby AC and DC busses are manually connected to the main battery even if normal power is available
The Standby Power Bus Off light indicates the Standby AC and/or Standby DC bus is unpowered.
The entire airplane electrical load can be powered by any two main airplane AC power sources (left IDG, right IDG,
APU generator) or by external power.
Power sources operate isolated from each other.
An Integrated Drive Generator (IDG) incorporates a generator and a constant speed drive in a single casing.
The right IDG normally powers the right AC bus and the left IDG normally powers the left AC bus.
The APU generator is electrically identical to the IDG generators and can power either or both main AC busses and
may be used in flight as a replacement for a failed IDG.
The priority for powering main AC busses is the respective IDG, APU generator and then the opposite IDG.
If the APU is started with the APU Generator Control Switch on, the APU will automatically power both main AC
busses only if they are unpowered. The APU will not automatically disconnect other power sources. For example,
if external power is powering the main AC busses and APU power becomes available, external power will
continue powering the busses until deselected.
If starting an engine with external power connected, the engine generator will automatically take over its busses,
leaving the opposite busses on external power. If the second engine is started while on external power, its
generator will automatically take over its busses and the external power On light will extinguish. The Avail light
will be on until external power is removed. There is no load shedding during engine start from external power.

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If starting an engine with APU power, the engine will automatically take over its busses, leaving the opposite busses
on the APU. Both Utility busses will shed during start of the first engine and re-power once the engine is
supplying power. During start of the second engine, only the Utility bus on that side will shed and automatically
re-power once the engine is supplying power. That engine will also automatically power its busses after engine
start and the APU will be disconnected, however the APU generator Off light will not illuminate and the APU will
continue running.
The main purpose of the bus tie system is to make sure the AC and DC busses are powered by any available source.
Functions of the bus tie system (PPI+3):
 prevents paralleling
 powers AC busses
 isolates faults
 allows the DC bus tie breaker to close with the loss of DC power
 allows the Captain’s flight instruments to remain powered with loss of the left AC bus
 allows the First Officer’s flight instruments to remain powered with loss of the right AC bus
A fault on a bus will illuminate the bus tie Isolation light and lock the bus tie breaker open, unpowering the bus. The
bus tie breaker will not close until the fault is corrected.
The Captain’s flight instruments are powered by the Captain’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus, which is normally
powered by the left AC bus. The First Officer’s flight instruments are powered by the F/O’s Flight Instrument
Transfer bus, which is normally powered by the right AC bus. If the Bus Tie switches are in Auto and a main AC
bus becomes unpowered, the affected Flight Instrument Transfer bus automatically switches to the other main AC
bus and remains powered.
The left and right Utility busses are powered by their respective main AC busses.
Galley busses are powered by their respective Utility busses.
The Ground Handling Bus provides power for cargo doors, cargo handling and fuel servicing. It can only be
powered on the ground by either the APU or external power and will be powered whenever the APU is running or
when the external power Avail light is illuminated. The APU or external power does not have to be selected. If
starting at the gate with an inop APU, late bags cannot be added after pushback because neither the APU or
external power is available.
The Ground Service bus is normally powered by the right AC bus whenever the right electrical system is powered.
If the right electrical system is not powered, the ground service switch on the forward flight attendant panel will
switch the Ground Service bus to the Ground Handling bus and allow the APU or external power to power it on
the ground. The Ground Service bus powers the main battery charger, the APU battery charger and misc. cabin
and system loads. (BELL: battery chargers, equipment cooling fan, left forward boost pump, lights.)
Autopilot power sources:
 the left and center autopilots are normally powered by the left main system and the right autopilot is normally
powered by the right main system
 when Approach mode is selected at any altitude, the autopilot power sources separate (Bus Separation). The
left main system powers the left autopilot and the Captain’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus. The right main
system powers the right autopilot and the First Officer’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus, and the
battery/standby system (Hot Battery bus and Standby AC bus through the standby inverter) powers the center
autopilot.
 if a single generator fails prior to 200' RA on the approach, the bus tie breakers close to power the unpowered
AC and DC busses, the center autopilot switches back to the left main system and NO LAND 3 appears on the
Autoland Status Annunciator (ASA)
 below 200' RA on the approach, the bus tie breakers will not close if a generator is lost (Bus Isolation). The left
or right AC bus and the associated left or right autopilot will remain unpowered, the flight instruments will
remain powered through the Flight Instrument Transfer bus system, and the autoland will continue using only
two autopilots. The ASA is inhibited from changing to NO LAND 3 below 200' RA, but it can change to NO
AUTOLAND if additional failures occur.
 if the APU is running, it can power an unpowered left or right AC bus in the event of a generator failure
 Bus Separation and Bus Isolation only occur on ILS approaches after Approach mode is selected
 when the autopilots are disengaged or when another pitch or roll mode is selected after an autopilot go-around
is performed, the electrical system reverts to normal, non-isolated operation
Bus Separation – if you’re “separated,” you might get back together.
Bus Isolation – if you’re “isolated,” you won’t get back together and your wife gets the house.

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Electrical load shedding occurs automatically to ensure power is available to critical and essential equipment.
The load shedding priority is Galley busses first, then Utility busses. Utility busses are followed by individual
equipment items powered by the main AC busses. When additional power becomes available, systems are restored
in the opposite order.
Load shedding examples:
 C2 electric hydraulic pump prior to engine start
 center tank fuel pumps prior to engine start
 Utility bus(s) during engine start
 Utility busses after a generator failure
 center tank fuel pump after an engine failure
 cabin ceiling lights after an engine failure
Utility bus load shedding conditions (BOSS):
B – both thrust levers advanced to the takeoff range on the ground when on a single power source
O – overload (electrical loads exceed the power available)
S – starting engines with the APU providing electrical power
S – single generator in flight (the cabin will go dark)
DC busses are powered by Transformer-Rectifier Units (TRUs) which are powered by their respective main AC bus.
If a TRU fails, its DC bus is powered by the opposite DC bus through the DC bus tie if the Bus Tie switches are in
Auto. There are no flight deck controls for the main DC system.
If the Standby Power switch is in Auto, the left DC bus powers the Battery bus, which powers the Standby DC bus.
With the Battery switch on and the Standby Power switch in Auto, the main aircraft battery can act as a backup
source of power for the Hot Battery bus, Battery bus, Standby DC bus, and Standby AC bus through the standby
inverter for approximately 30 minutes after the loss of all generators. Flight beyond 30 minutes in this situation
will result in complete electrical failure. (On some aircraft the battery should never be the only source of electric
power due to the Hydraulic Driven Generator.)
On a 767, complete electrical failure will result in the inability to extend the gear and flaps because the ADP
requires DC power to operate and when the battery is depleted, the ADP air supply valve will close and the center
hydraulic system will depressurize. Gear and flaps will not extend by either the normal or alternate method if this
happens. (Center system hydraulics will not be available for normal gear and flap extension and electric power
will not be available for alternate gear extension.)
If the airplane is on Standby power, all the CRT screens will be blank. (“Nobody can watch TV.”) If any CRT
screen is powered (“If anybody can watch TV”), the airplane is not on Standby power.
IRS power sources – normally the IRUs operate on AC power from the left and right electrical systems and the main
aircraft battery is an alternate power source. The ON DC light illuminates if the AC power source is lost and DC
power is being used. The DC FAIL light illuminates if the DC power source is lost and normal AC power is being
used. Both lights will be extinguished if both AC and DC power are either available or not available.
Aircraft without an HDG – on Standby power, the left and center IRUs will shut down after 5 minutes to save
battery power and the right IRU will operate until the battery is depleted. (The right IRU is needed to provide
heading information to the Captain’s RDMI card, which is available on Standby power.)
Aircraft with an HDG – on Standby power, the right IRU will shut down after 5 minutes to save battery power and
the left and center IRUs will continue operating until battery depletion. If the HDG is operating, however, the
aircraft will not be on Standby power and the left IRU will be powered by the Left AC Transfer Bus and the center
IRU will be powered by the Hot Battery Bus.
With the aircraft powered normally, turning the Standby Power switch off will only unpower the Standby AC and
DC busses.
The Battery position on the Standby Power switch insures the battery can power the Standby busses in case the
automatic feature fails. It also disconnects the battery charger from the battery system, so the Standby busses will
be powered by the battery even if normal power is available. In this case, the Standby busses will be unpowered
when the battery is depleted after 30 minutes (90 minutes for 757-300) even though generator power may be
available.
The battery/standby system consists of:
 the Hot Battery bus
 the Battery bus (4 busses)
 the Standby AC bus
 the Standby DC bus

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The Hot Battery bus powers items that must be continuously powered, such as the clock, and is powered by the main
battery prior to establishing electrical power. After establishing electrical power, the Hot Battery bus is powered
by the main battery charger which is powered by the Ground Service bus, which is powered by either the right AC
bus or the Ground Handling bus.
The Battery bus is powered by the main battery through the Hot Battery bus prior to establishing electrical power if
the Battery Switch is on. After establishing electrical power, the left DC bus powers the Battery bus and the main
battery provides a backup source of power through the Hot Battery bus.
The Standby AC bus is normally powered by the left AC bus, but can be powered by the main battery through the
Hot Battery bus, Battery bus and standby inverter. If the Standby Power Selector is in BAT, the main battery
powers the Standby AC bus through the standby inverter and the battery charger is removed from the circuit.
The Standby DC bus is normally powered by the left DC bus through the Battery bus, but can be powered by the
main battery through the Hot Battery bus and Battery bus. If the Standby Power Selector is in BAT, the main
battery powers the Standby DC bus and the battery charger is removed from the circuit.
On the 757-300, the main battery and the APU battery are paralleled to power the battery/standby system if
necessary. The combined batteries will last 90 minutes instead of 30 minutes for the main battery alone.
Items available on Standby Power until battery depletion:
 adequate lighting  center ILS
 all IRUs for 5 minutes  Captain’s marker beacon lights
 either the right IRU or the left and center IRUs  Captain’s RDMI card and number 1 needle
after 5 minutes  gear handle and half the green gear down lights
 fuel quantity indications  flap operation but no indication
 manual pressurization controls and indicators  alternate stab trim
 left VOR (no DME)  manual speedbrakes
 Master Warning and Caution  fire detection and protection
 standby flight instruments  left VHF comm
 standby engine instruments  PA
 engine oil pressure lights  interphone

767ER Differences
The 767ER and a few domestic 767s have a Hydraulic Driven Generator (HDG) as an additional source of electric
power. If both main AC busses are lost, after a 10-15 second delay, the HDG will automatically power the busses
necessary for ETOPS operation, including either the Captain’s or F/O’s EFIS, without a time limit. The Air-driven
Demand Pump (ADP) will turn on anytime the HDG is operating because the center electric hydraulic pumps will
be unpowered. The HDG will automatically shut down if power from an engine generator or the APU is restored.
If the HDG fails, the aircraft main battery will power the Hot Battery bus, the Battery bus and Standby AC and
Standby DC busses for 30 minutes. Only standby flight instruments and other items powered by Standby Power
will be available in that case.
The HDG is powered by the center hydraulic system and starts automatically if both left and right AC busses are
unpowered. The HDG provides power to:
 the Hot Battery bus
 the Battery bus
 the Standby AC bus (7 busses)
 the Standby DC bus
 the left AC Transfer bus
 the right AC Transfer bus
 either the Captain’s or First Officer’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus
The HDG provides less DC power than the main battery so when the HDG first starts operating the Battery
Discharge light may illuminate until the battery drains to the power level produced by the HDG.
Left and right AC Transfer busses power items necessary for ETOPS that are not powered by the battery/standby
system. They are normally powered by the left and right AC busses but will be powered by the hydraulic driven
generator if both AC busses are unpowered. They do not transfer to the opposite main bus like the Flight
Instrument Transfer busses, but only to the HDG if both main AC busses are unpowered.
Flight Instrument Transfer Busses – if power is lost to both main AC busses, either the Captain’s or the First
Officer’s flight instruments are powered by the HDG depending on the position of the Flight Instrument Bus

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 Power switch. If the switch is off, the Captain’s instruments will be powered. If the switch is placed to the ALTN
position, the First Officer’s flight instruments will be powered after a 10-15 second loss of all electronic flight
instruments.
If on HDG power, the EFIS screens may blank on a go-around as the gear is retracted.

757 Differences
757 aircraft certified for ETOPS also have an HDG as an additional source of electrical power. It is powered by the
left hydraulic system and activates automatically (10-15 second delay) when both left and right main AC busses
are unpowered.
The HDG on the 757 supplies power to the same seven busses as the HDG on the 767ER, with one exception. There
is no Flight Instrument Bus Power switch on the 757. If the HDG is operating, it will provide power to the
Captain’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus with no option to power the First Officer’s instruments.
The 757 HDG also provides less DC power than the main battery so when the HDG first starts operating the Battery
Discharge light may illuminate until the battery drains to the power level produced by the HDG.

Electrical System Summary

Bus or Component Normal Power Source Backup Power Source(s)

Left AC bus Left IDG APU or right AC bus through the bus tie
Right AC bus Right IDG APU or left AC bus through the bus tie
Capt Flt Inst Transfer bus Left AC bus Right AC bus or HDG if both busses unpowered*
F/O Flt Inst Transfer bus Right AC bus Left AC bus or HDG if both busses unpowered*
Ground Service bus Right AC bus Ground Handling bus through switch on F/A panel
Ground Handling bus External power or APU None, only powered on the ground
Left Utility bus Left AC bus None
Right Utility bus Right AC bus None
Left Galley bus Left Utility bus None
Right Galley bus Right Utility bus None
Left TRU Left AC bus None
Right TRU Right AC bus None
Left DC bus Left TRU Right DC bus through the bus tie
Right DC bus Right TRU Left DC bus through the bus tie
Main Battery Charger Ground Service bus None
APU Battery Charger Ground Service bus None
Hot Battery bus Main Battery Charger Main Battery or HDG**
Battery bus Left DC bus Main Battery through the Hot Battery bus or HDG**
Standby AC bus Left AC bus Main Battery through Standby Inverter or HDG**
Standby DC bus Battery bus Main Battery or HDG**
HDG Aircraft Only
Left AC Transfer bus Left AC bus HDG only if both AC busses unpowered
Right AC Transfer bus Right AC bus HDG only if both AC busses unpowered
* Either the Captain’s or First Officer’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus on 767 aircraft with an HDG installed. On
the 757 with an HDG installed, only the Captain’s Flight Instrument Transfer bus can be powered from the HDG.
** If installed.

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Engines
The 757-200 is powered by two Pratt & Whitney PW2037 engines rated at 37,000 pounds of takeoff thrust each.
The 757-300 is powered by two Pratt & Whitney PW2040 engines rated at 40,000 pounds of takeoff thrust each.
Most domestic 767s are powered by two General Electric CF6-80A2 engines rated at 49,200 pounds of takeoff
thrust each but some domestic 767s are powered by two Pratt & Whitney PW4060 engines rated at 60,200 pounds
of takeoff thrust each.
767ERs are powered either by two General Electric CF6-80C2 engines or by two Pratt & Whitney PW4060 engines,
both of which are rated at 60,200 pounds of takeoff thrust each.
The N1 and N2 rotors are mechanically independent. The N2 rotor drives the accessory gearbox.
EPR, N1 and EGT are the primary engine indications for Pratt & Whitney engines and N1 and EGT are the primary
engine indications for General Electric engines. Primary engine indications are always displayed on the upper
EICAS display.
Secondary engine indications (N2, fuel flow, oil pressure, oil temperature, oil quantity and vibration) are
automatically displayed on the lower EICAS display when:
 the displays initially receive electrical power
 a secondary engine parameter is exceeded
TAI will be displayed either above or below the N1 indicator when engine anti-ice is on.
On the 757, if only a single source of engine bleed air is available, a TAI bug will be displayed on the appropriate
N1 gauge showing the minimum N1 required for anti-ice operation.
Normal operating ranges are displayed on engine instruments in white.
Oil pressure and oil temperature have caution ranges indicated by amber bands. If the caution range is reached, the
readout, readout box and pointer all change to amber.
EGT has a max continuous limit indicated by an amber band. If EGT reaches the max continuous limit, the readout,
readout box, pointer and dial all change to amber, however the EGT indication is inhibited from changing to
amber for five minutes during takeoff or go-around. On some engines, the inhibit is extended to 10 minutes after
an engine failure.
N1, EGT, N2, oil pressure and oil temperature have operating limits indicated by red lines. If an operating limit is
reached, the readout, readout box and pointer all change to red.
Maximum EPR or maximum N1 is the maximum certified thrust limit for all phases of flight and varies with
ambient conditions. It is calculated by the Electronic Engine Controller (EEC) or the Thrust Management
Computer (TMC). If the EEC is operating normally, the thrust levers can be moved to the full forward stop and
max EPR or max N1 will not be exceeded.
Maximum EPR/N1 is indicated by an amber line on the EPR/N1 dial and indications do not change color when the
maximum is reached.
The “crow’s foot” is the reference or target EPR/N1. If it’s green, it’s a reference EPR/N1 calculated by the Thrust
Management Computer. If it’s magenta, it’s a target EPR/N1 calculated by the FMC.
The command sector is a white band that shows the difference between commanded thrust and actual thrust during
throttle movement.
REV is displayed above the EPR/N1 gauge when the reverser is activated. It will be amber when the reverser is in
transit and green when the reverser is fully deployed.
The Thrust Management Computer calculates the reference EPR/N1 for takeoff, climb, cruise, continuous and
go-around thrust. These modes can be selected on the Thrust Mode Select Panel (TMSP).
Assumed temperature for a reduced power takeoff may be set on the TMSP or in the FMS.
Reference EPR/N1 can be manually set for one or both engines using the knob on the engine indication control
panel, however the autothrottles will not respond to a manually set EPR/N1.
Electronic Engine Controller (EEC) Summary:
 all EECs are powered by a dedicated permanent magnet alternator which is independent of airplane power
 all EECs are Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC) except on the domestic 767 (GE engines with
the On-Inop switch). The thrust system on those airplanes is a hydromechanical engine fuel control with an
EEC unit that provides trim inputs to drive the engine to an EEC-computed thrust level
 EPR is the primary mode for P&W engines and N1 is the primary mode for GE engines
 autothrottles need the primary mode. If the primary mode is lost, the autothrottles won’t work.
 on the 757, the EEC switch is a power switch. It allows maintenance to power the EEC with ship’s power.
 on the domestic 767 (GE engines), the EEC switch is an On-Off switch
 on the 767ER (P&W and GE), the EEC switch is a mode switch. It allows switching to the Alternate mode

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  no EECs will prevent EGT overtemps
 all EECs will prevent N1 overspeeds
 P&W EECs will prevent EPR overboosts
 EECs will not prevent N2 overspeeds
 EECs on 767ER aircraft have Supplemental Control Units to automatically transfer EEC power to the Hot
Battery bus if the permanent magnet alternator fails
On most 757s, if N2 overspeeds to 105%, the engine will roll back to 85% N2 and be uncontrollable. The throttle
will not control the engine and the engine will remain at 85% N2 until shut down. That would be exciting on
takeoff and, according to a ground school instructor, every time it’s happened the airplane ran off the runway. On
some airplanes with a more advanced fuel control unit, however, throttle control of the engine may be regained
after the roll back. There is no way for a pilot to tell which fuel control unit is installed.
On the 767 P&W, if N2 overspeeds, the engine rolls back to idle.
On the 757, the fuel control selects minimum ground idle, minimum flight idle and approach idle, as necessary.
On the 767, there are only two idle speeds and the EEC selects either minimum idle or approach idle as necessary.
On some airplanes, rotating the engine start selectors to CONT will manually select approach idle.
Standby Engine Indicator – in Auto, the display will be blank with AC power on the airplane and EICAS operative.
Standby engine indications will be displayed when:
 AC power is lost (i.e. on Standby power)
 EICAS has failed
 either CRT has failed and Status is selected on the ground
On all airplanes, the start valves are downstream of the engine bleed valves. You can start an engine with its bleed
valve closed, which is what we normally do.
A max start limit (red radial) is displayed on the EGT indicator when the fuel control is in Cutoff and remains
displayed during start until the engine stabilizes in idle. The EGT indication changes to red if the EGT start limit is
reached during starting.
During start, the Engine Start Selectors control the start valve and the Fuel Control Switches control ignition and
fuel flow.
Minimum N2 for selecting Run during start is displayed as a magenta “Fuel On” command bug on the N2 indicator,
even though normal fuel-on N2 is 25%.
Max motoring speed is defined as when engine acceleration is less than 1% in 5 seconds.
Placing the Fuel Control Switch to Run opens engine and spar fuel valves and activates selected igniters if armed.
The Engine Start Valve light indicates the start valve is not in the commanded position or the valve is open with N2
above 50%.
Igniter Selector:
 757s and some 767s – selects one igniter (1 or 2) or both igniters in each engine to operate when directed by
the Engine Start Selector
 some 767s – selects one igniter (Single) or both igniters in each engine to operate when directed by the Engine
Start Selector. In Single, the igniter automatically alternates with each engine start.
 on all airplanes, both igniters operate when the Engine Start Selector is in FLT regardless of this switch
position
Engine Start Selector:
 GND – opens the start valve and arms the selected igniter(s). It is magnetically held until 50% N2.
 AUTO – released to AUTO at 50% N2 on start. Closes the start valve and terminates ignition. Selected igniters
(one or both) operate when flaps are extended (flap lever not up) or when the engine anti-ice is on.
 OFF – no ignition
 CONT – selected igniters (one or both) operate continuously. No time limit.
 FLT – both igniters operate continuously regardless of Ignition Selector position. No time limit.
Starter Duty Cycle:
 continuous for 5 minutes
 cool 30 seconds for each minute of operation
Stable start – 1, 2, 3, 6, 1 on the engine instruments for EPR (if installed), N1, EGT, N2 and fuel flow respectively.

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Starter Re-Engagement:
 recommended starter re-engagement speed (moving Engine Start Selector to GND) is 0% N2
 normal starter re-engagement speed is 0-20% N2
 engaging the starter with N2 above 20% is not recommended except in case of fire
 engaging the starter with N2 above 30% may result in starter or gearbox damage
The Inflight Start Envelope is displayed inflight when the fire handle is in, the fuel control switch is in cutoff, N2 is
below idle, and both Primary and Secondary EICAS screens are displayed. If the current airspeed is too low for a
windmilling start, X-BLD is displayed above the N2 gauge and the Fuel On command bug is displayed on the N2
gauge.
Some 767s with GE engines have an auto relight feature. In flight or on the ground, if N2 drops below idle speed,
the EEC will energize both igniters in that engine.
Each engine has two igniters. Dual igniters are always used for inflight starts.
Main AC is the normal power source for the igniters and Standby AC is the backup source.
Engine and Spar fuel valves are controlled by the fuel control switch and the fire handle.
Eng Valve and Spar Valve lights illuminate momentarily as the valves open or close. Constant illumination indicates
the valve does not agree with the commanded position.
Fuel filters and oil filters will bypass if they become clogged.
767s and some 757s display an EICAS message if a fuel filter is clogged, but on some 757s, the only indication of a
clogged fuel filter is a Status message.
Oil heats the fuel and fuel cools the oil in the fuel/oil heat exchanger. Automatic full-time fuel heat.
There are two independent oil pressure sensors. One supplies information to the oil pressure gauge and the other
supplies information to the discrete oil pressure light on the forward panel and for the EICAS low oil pressure
message. Actual low oil pressure would show on all three.
The white band at the bottom of the oil quantity indication is for crew awareness only. There is no minimum oil
quantity inflight, so there are no flight crew procedures based solely on low oil quantity.
Thrust Reversers are hydraulically operated on the 757 and some 767s, and pneumatically operated on some 767s.
They are available only on the ground. An interlock prevents inadvertent actuation and electromechanical locks
protect in the event of additional system failures.
767s have an auto restow feature to apply hydraulic or pneumatic pressure if an uncommanded thrust reverser
unlock is sensed.
When the reverse thrust levers are pulled aft to the interlock position, the autothrottles disengage, if engaged, and the
speedbrakes deploy if not already deployed.
On the 767, the REV ISLN light above the fuel control switches indicates a fault is detected in the thrust reverser
system. It will be accompanied by a REV ISLN VAL EICAS message. Additional system failures may cause
inflight deployment, however the light and the associated EICAS messages are inhibited in flight. On the 757,
there is no discrete light above the fuel control switches, but the EICAS message will be displayed if on the
ground.
On the Vibration indicator, the vibration source with the highest vibration (N1 or N2 for P&W engines; FAN, LPT
or N2 for GE engines), is displayed. If the vibration source is unknown, the average vibration is displayed and BB,
for “broadband,” is indicated.
There are no vibration limitations and no flight crew procedures based solely on vibration indications.

APU
The APU generator can supply power for all of the airplane’s electrical needs up to the maximum operating altitude.
The APU can also supply bleed air to run both air conditioning packs or start a single engine. Bleed air is available
up to approximately 17,000 feet.
Fuel is provided from the left wing tank through a DC fuel pump if only battery power is available or from the left
forward AC fuel pump if AC power is available.
The aircraft battery (Battery switch On) and the APU battery are required to start the APU on the ground. The
purpose of the APU battery is to start the APU without draining the aircraft battery.
Placing the APU switch to Start begins a start cycle which opens the APU inlet door, opens the APU fuel valve and
turns on the AC or DC electric fuel pump. The APU Fault light will flash momentarily during start as the fuel
valve opens. The Run light will flash twice, the first time is a self-test and the second time is starter engagement.
The APU Run light will illuminate when the APU is at operating speed.

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The APU starter duty cycle is three start attempts in a 60-minute period.
Turning the APU switch off will close the APU bleed valve if open and start a 90 second cool down. If the APU
bleed valve has been closed for 90 seconds or more before the switch is turned off, the APU will shut down
immediately.
The APU Fault light will illuminate momentarily during start and shut down as the fuel valve opens or closes.
If the APU is turned off and the APU Run light is still illuminated (during the cool down), turning the switch to Start
and releasing it to On will cancel the shutdown signal and the APU will keep running.
If a fault is detected, the APU Fault light on the APU panel and an APU FAULT EICAS message will illuminate
and the APU will shut down without the 90-second cooling period.
The APU Fault light and APU FAULT EICAS message are inhibited when the APU switch is Off.
The fault system can be reset by turning the APU switch to Off and then back to On. If the Fault light is
extinguished after selecting On, one restart may be attempted. However, if an APU Fuel Valve message is
displayed on EICAS, the fuel valve disagrees with the commanded position and a restart should not be attempted.
The APU will shut down automatically without the 90-second cool down if a fire is detected when on the ground
with both engines shut down.

Fire Protection
The discrete Fire Warning light on the forward panel indicates an engine, APU, wheel well or cargo fire is detected.
The discrete Wheel Well fire warning light on the forward panel indicates a fire is detected in one or both main gear
wheel wells. There is no detection in the nose gear wheel well.
The Engine Overheat light on the Engine Fire Panel indicates an engine overheat is detected.
The Engine Fire Warning light in the Engine Fire Switch indicates an engine fire is detected.
The Fuel Control Switch Fire light indicates an engine fire is detected.
The Engine Bottle Discharged light indicates the bottle has discharged or has low pressure.
Engine Fire Switch:
 arms both engine fire bottles
 silences the fire bell
 closes the engine and spar fuel valves (6 items)
 closes the engine bleed valve
 trips the generator
 shuts off hydraulic fluid to the engine-driven hydraulic pump
The APU Fire Bottle Discharged light on the Cargo and APU Fire Panel indicates the bottle has discharged or has
low pressure.
The APU Fire Warning light in the APU Fire Switch indicates an APU fire is detected.
APU Fire switch:
 arms the APU fire bottle(s)
 silences the fire bell
 shuts down the APU (6 items)
 closes the APU fuel valve
 closes the APU bleed valve
 trips the APU generator
The Cargo Fire Warning light indicates smoke is detected in the associated cargo compartment (FWD or AFT).
The Cargo Fire Bottle Discharged light indicates the bottle has discharged or has low pressure.
Forward Cargo Fire Arm switch:
 arms all cargo fire bottles for the forward cargo compartment
 turns off both recirc fans
 silences the fire bell
Aft Cargo Fire Arm switch:
 arms all cargo fire bottles for the aft cargo compartment
 turns off the right recirc fan on the 757 and both recirc fans on the 767
 silences the fire bell
 inhibits high flow from both packs (767 only)

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Summary of Cargo Fire Arm switches: “bells, bottles, fans and valves”
 bells – silences the fire bell
 bottles – arms all fire bottles
 fans
- on the 757, turns off both recirc fans if the forward cargo compartment is armed and only the right recirc fan
if the aft cargo compartment is armed. The left recirc fan is part of the E/E cooling system, so Boeing wants
it on if possible. It will be turned off for a fire warning (smoke) in the forward cargo compartment because
that’s close to the E/E compartment, but not for a fire warning in the aft cargo compartment.
- on the 767, E/E cooling is not a problem, so both recirc fans turn off for a fire warning in either the forward
or aft cargo compartments
 valves
- on the 757, the E/E compartment overboard exhaust valve will latch open if the left recirc fan is turned off
(forward cargo compartment fire warning only)
- on the 767, all cargo compartment inflow and outflow valves close to avoid feeding the fire with oxygen and
to keep Halon from the fire bottles inside the compartment
There are fire detection and extinguishing systems for the engines, APU, cargo compartments and lavs, and overheat
detection systems for the engines, struts and pneumatic ducts in the wing and body areas.
Fire and overheat bells or beepers can be silenced, but warning or caution lights remain illuminated as long as the
fire or overheat is detected.
The SYS FAIL light indicates complete failure of the detection system for an engine fire, engine overheat, APU fire
or cargo fire detection system, but not for the wheel well fire detection system. Note the vertical white line on the
Fire/Overheat Test Panel between the WHL WELL test switch and the ENG/APU/CARGO test switch. It indicates
the wheel well detection system is not included in system fail monitoring.
The System Fail Reset switch extinguishes the Fail light and resets the system to monitor the other non-failed
fire/overheat systems.
The engines have two detector loops in each nacelle that detect both fire and overheat. A fire is a warning and an
overheat is a caution. Both loops must sense a fire or overheat before the signal is sent.
The APU has two detector loops in the APU compartment that detect fire only. Both loops must sense a fire before
the signal is sent.
Each cargo compartment has two smoke detectors. Both detectors must sense a fire (detect smoke) before a fire
signal is sent.
The main wheel wells have a single-loop fire detection system, but no extinguishing system (except lowering the
landing gear). The detection system will not trigger on hot brakes without an associated fire. The nose gear wheel
well does not have a detection system or an extinguishing system (except lowering the gear).
There are two engine fire bottles. Either or both bottles can be discharged into either engine.
Some airplanes have two APU fire bottles and some airplanes have only one APU fire bottle.
The APU automatically shuts down if a fire is detected on the ground if both engines are shut down.
In addition to the cockpit warnings for APU fire, the horn on the nose gear strut sounds intermittently and the fire
warning light on the APU ground control panel illuminates if a fire is detected on the ground.
The engine and APU fire switches are mechanically locked down to prevent inadvertent activation. If a fire is
detected, the switch is electrically unlocked and may be pulled up. The fire switch may also be manually unlocked
by pushing the override switch located beneath it.
On the 757-200, pressing the Number 1 cargo fire discharge switch discharges the first bottle into the selected
compartment immediately. The second bottle is manually discharged at a later time into the same compartment to
maintain the required concentration of extinguishing agent in the compartment.
On the 757-300 and 767, there is only one cargo fire discharge switch. Pressing the switch discharges the first bottle
into the selected compartment immediately. The second bottle is automatically discharged at a later time at a
reduced discharge rate into the same compartment. The 767ER actually has three fire extinguisher bottles. The
second and third ones are discharged automatically at a later time.
Since the cargo fire detectors detect smoke, the fire-extinguishing agent may cause the detectors to indicate a fire
still exists even after it has been extinguished.
Each lavatory has a single smoke detector that will sound in the lavatory if smoke is detected. Some 757-200 aircraft
will annunciate in the cabin as well and 757-300 aircraft have a LAV SMOKE light in the cockpit. Each lavatory
also has a single fire extinguisher in the waste container that will discharge automatically if necessary.

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The engine and APU fire detectors are continuously monitored for faults and tested automatically whenever power
is first applied or transferred from one source to another, and may also be tested manually with the test switch.
The cargo compartment smoke detectors are tested only when power is first applied or transferred from one source
to another or when tested manually with the test switch.
The wheel well fire detection system is not monitored and is tested only when the test switch is pressed.

Flight Controls
Moving the control column opposite the direction of trim will stop the stab from trimming.
Some airplanes have Alternate Stab Trim levers and some have Alternate Stab Trim switches on the control stand.
Both will override or neutralize conflicting trim commands. The levers mechanically signal stab movement and
the switches electrically signal stab movement.
The green band on the Stab Trim indicator indicates the allowable takeoff trim range.
An Off flag in the Stab Trim indicator means the indicator is inop. Missing data in the indicator means other
malfunctions exist.
With Stab Trim Cutout switches in Norm, hydraulic pressure is supplied to the related stab trim control module. In
Cutout, hydraulic pressure to the stab trim module is shut off.
The Unscheduled Stab Trim light indicates an uncommanded stabilizer motion is detected.
The Stab Trim light indicates the stabilizer trim rate is ½ the normal control wheel trim rate.
The Mach Speed Trim light (757 only) indicates the Mach/speed trim system is inoperative.
The Yaw Damper switches turn the yaw dampers on and off.
The Yaw Damper Inop light indicates the yaw damper is off or inoperative.
The Rudder Ratio light indicates the rudder ratio system has failed or left hydraulic system pressure is not available.
The Flight Control Shutoff switches on the Accessory panel open and close the flight control hydraulic valves to the
wings and tail.
The Speed Brakes light indicates the speedbrakes are extended while airborne with the flaps in a landing position or
when the radio altitude is 800 feet or below. On the 757-300 the light will also illuminate if the speedbrakes are
extended and an engine thrust lever is forward of flight idle for more than 15 seconds.
The Auto Speedbrake light indicates a fault is detected in the automatic speedbrake system or, on aircraft with
blended winglets, the speedbrake load activation system is detected, if installed.
The Spoilers light indicates one or more spoiler pairs are not in the commanded position.
The Aileron Lockout light (767 only) indicates the aileron lockout actuator disagrees with the commanded position.
The Trailing Edge light indicates a flap disagree or asymmetry exists or the flap load relief system is not operating
when required.
The Leading Edge light indicates a slat disagree or asymmetry exists.
There is no manual reversion on these airplanes.
Spoilers operate differentially to assist ailerons for roll control and symmetrically as speedbrakes.
The control columns and wheels are connected through jam override mechanisms. If a jam occurs, applying force to
the other column or wheel will overcome the jam, although some control effectiveness may be lost.
The rudder pedals are rigidly connected between the two sides.
All airplanes have two elevators, a moveable horizontal stabilizer, and a single rudder. The 757 has two ailerons and
ten spoilers. The 767 has four ailerons and 12 spoilers.
The 757 has a Mach/speed trim system that automatically moves the stabilizer when the autopilot is not engaged to
improve speed stability.
Some (not all) aircraft with blended winglets have a Speedbrake Load Alleviation System to protect the wing from a
high gross weight, high speed, pitch up maneuver. Under certain circumstances, speedbrake lever travel is
restricted to 50%. If the speedbrake lever is moved past the 50% position, it will automatically return to 50%. The
pilot may override the system with additional force and hold the lever at positions greater than 50% (probably a
bad idea).
Two elevator feel systems provide artificial feel forces to the control columns. The 757 elevator feel system uses the
center and right hydraulic systems and the 767 elevator feel uses the left and center hydraulic systems. (These are
the same hydraulic systems used by stab trim and they’re printed on the console under the stab trim cutout
switches.) Mechanical springs provide elevator feel if both hydraulic systems to the elevator feel system are inop.

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Stab trim is powered by the center and right hydraulic systems on the 757 and by the left and center hydraulic
systems on the 767. (Just look at the console; the hydraulic systems are printed under the cutout switches.) There
are two trim modules, one for each hydraulic source.
The Stab Cutout switches can be used to remove hydraulic power to the trim control modules.
Types of trim:
 Electric trim uses the dual pitch trim switches on the control wheel
 Alternate trim uses the levers or switches on the control stand. Alternate trim overrides or neutralizes any other
conflicting trim inputs
 Automatic trim is used by the autopilot. Automatic trim uses only one control module and trims at ½ the
normal control wheel or alternate trim rate.
Mach/speed trim (757 only) applies automatic trim when the autopilot is not engaged using one control module at ½
the normal control wheel trim rate to improve speed stability. All other trim methods inhibit Mach/speed trim.
The left autopilot can only use the trim module under the left cutoff switch (center hydraulics on the 757, left
hydraulics on the 767) and the right autopilot can only use the trim module under the right cutoff switch (right
hydraulics on the 757, center hydraulics on the 767). The center autopilot, however, can use the trim module under
either cutoff switch.
If a single autopilot is engaged, electric trimming causes it to disengage.
If multiple autopilots are engaged, the electric trim switches are inhibited.
Alternate trimming does not cause autopilot disengagement, but will cause the Unscheduled Stab Trim light to
illuminate.
The Pitch Enhancement System (767 only) uses a hydraulic motor in the right hydraulic system to drive a pump in
the left system (a Power Transfer Unit) that uses trapped left trim fluid to trim the stabilizer. It automatically
operates if both left and center hydraulic systems fail and uses the electric trim switches to trim the stab at ¼ the
normal rate. Alternate and automatic trim will be inoperative.
Roll control is provided by ailerons and spoilers. Control wheel forces increase as control displacement increases.
One of the three hydraulic systems is necessary to set aileron trim.
If aileron trim is changed with an autopilot engaged, the control wheel and ailerons will move to the new trimmed
position when the autopilot is disengaged. Prohibited by airplane limitations.
The aileron lockout system (767 only) permits full travel of the outboard ailerons at low airspeeds and locks them
out at high airspeeds. The AIL LOCK light indicates the aileron lockout actuator is not in the commanded
position. There may be too much or too little movement of the outboard ailerons available.
The rudder ratio system uses left hydraulic pressure and inputs from the air data computer to reduce rudder
displacement at high airspeeds. The RUDDER RATIO light indicates the system has failed and the left hydraulic
actuator to the rudder has been automatically depressurized to reduce rudder throw at high airspeeds.
The yaw dampers improve turn coordination and Dutch roll damping. The Inop light illuminates when a yaw
damper is inoperative or when the IRUs are not aligned.
On the 757, the number 4 and 9 spoiler panels do not operate in flight, but all panels extend on the ground. On the
767, all panels extend both in flight and on the ground.
If the speedbrakes are armed, the lever will move to Up and the speedbrakes will extend on landing when the main
gear are on the ground (not tilted) and the thrust levers are at idle. If the speedbrakes are not armed, the lever will
move to UP and the speedbrakes will extend when on the ground (landing or rejected takeoff) and either thrust
lever is moved to the reverse idle detent.
The Auto Speedbrakes light will illuminate to indicate a fault in the auto speedbrake system that may result in the
loss of auto speedbrake extension. If the speedbrake lever is armed, the light may indicate a fault that could extend
the speedbrakes in flight. Place the lever in the Down position and operate the speedbrakes manually.
Flaps are measured in units, not degrees. Flaps 30 on a 767ER is much more extension than Flaps 30 on a domestic
airplane.
Flaps 1, 5, 15 and 20 are takeoff flap positions for the 757-200 and the 767. The 757-300 does not use Flaps 1 for
takeoff. Flaps 25 and 30 are normal landing flap positions. Flaps 20 is used for some non-normal landings.
757 Slat and Flap Sequencing:
 Up to 1: flaps move to 1, slats move to the midrange position after the flaps have moved some
 1 to 5, 15 and 20: slats stay in the midrange position, flaps move to the commanded position
 20 to 25: slats move to the landing position, flaps move to 25
 25 to 30: slats stay in the landing position, flaps move to 30
 the sequence is reversed during flap retraction

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767 Slat and Flap Sequencing:
 Up to 1: slats move to the midrange position, flaps stay up
 1 to 5, 15 and 20: slats stay in the midrange position, flaps move to the commanded position and inboard
ailerons droop
 20 to 25: slats move to the landing position, flaps move to 25
 25 to 30: slats stay in the landing position, flaps move to 30
 the sequence is reversed during flap retraction
The gate at Flaps 20 prevents inadvertent retraction of flaps beyond the go-around position. The gate at Flaps 1
prevents inadvertent retraction of the slats.
Flap Load Relief – on the 757 and a few 767s, if the flaps are at 30 and Flaps 30 speed is exceeded, the flaps
automatically retract to 25. On most 767s, if the flaps are at 25 or 30 and the placard airspeed is exceeded, the
flaps automatically retract to 20. The flaps will automatically re-extend when airspeed is reduced. If the Flap Load
Relief fails to operate when it should, the Trailing Edge light will illuminate and the FLAP LD RELIEF EICAS
message will display.
Autoslats (757 only) – if the slats are in the midrange position and a stall signal is received from the stall warning
system, the slats will automatically extend to the landing position. The slats will automatically retract to the
midrange position a few seconds after the stall signal is removed.
Control Column Nudger (767 only) – if the flaps are retracted and the angle of attack continues to increase after a
stall warning, a control column nudger moves the control column forward. Flaps must be up for the nudger to
operate.
The Alternate Flaps switch “removes hydraulic power and arms the selected electric actuator.” (Schoolhouse
answer)
The Alternate Flap switches:
 disable normal control
 arm the alternate mode
 engage the electric motors
 the flap lever no longer controls both the flaps and slats (757) or the selected flaps or slats (767)
On the 757, there is only one hydraulic shutoff valve and either ALTN TE or LE switch shuts off hydraulics to both
the flaps and slats. The flap lever no longer controls the flaps and slats when either ALTN switch is selected.
On the 767, there are two hydraulic shutoff valves, one for the flaps and one for the slats. The ALTN switch shuts
off either the flaps or the slats, depending on which switch is selected. The flap lever will continue to control
whichever system is not selected.
Alternate flap and slat extension is limited to Flaps 20.
On the 757, the LE slats extend to the landing position at Flaps 20 when the alternate extension system is used.
Flap and slat operating times are greatly increased when using the alternate mode.
Flap and slat operating times are also greatly increased in the normal mode when the HDG is operating.
A Leading Edge Slat Disagree indicates the slats are not driving toward their commanded position and disagree with
the flap lever. On the 757, hydraulic power to both flaps and slats is automatically shut off.
A Leading Edge Slat Asymmetry indicates the slats are not extending symmetrically. On the 757, hydraulic power to
both flaps and slats is automatically shut off. On the 767, hydraulic power to the slats is automatically shut off.
A Trailing Edge Flap Disagree indicates the flaps are not driving toward their commanded position and disagree
with the flap lever. On the 757, hydraulic power to both flaps and slats is automatically shut off.
A Trailing Edge Flap Asymmetry indicates the flaps are not extending symmetrically. On the 757, hydraulic power
to both flaps and slats is automatically shut off. On the 767, hydraulic power to the flaps is automatically shut off.
Leading Edge and/or Trailing Edge Disagreements may occur if the flap lever is out of a detent for an extended
period of time. In this case, putting the lever into the detent will solve the problem.

Flight Management and Navigation

The FMS is a “goes to” machine. It only goes direct to waypoints or goes inbound on a course to a waypoint. All
courses entered on the LEGS or DIR/INTC page must be courses to a waypoint, not the radial from a waypoint.
Waypoint Format Examples:
 Place Radial/Distance – LAX090/50
 Place Radial/Place Radial – LAX360/SBA090
 Latitude and Longitude – N3739.5W08245.8

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  Waypoints along route – LAX/50 or LAX/-25
Altitude Constraints on the Legs page:
 Cross at 2,000 or FL350 – enter 2000 or 350
 At or below 14,000 – enter 140B
 At or above 14,000 – enter 140A
 Between 14,000 and 16,000 – enter 140A160B (A before B – alphabetical order)
Speed constraints must be accompanied by an altitude constraint, but altitude constraints don’t require a speed
constraint.
When CLB DIR or DES DIR are executed, all altitude constraints between the airplane’s current altitude and the
MCP altitude are deleted and the airplane climbs or descends directly to the MCP altitude.
Any changes to a holding pattern made after entering holding will become effective after the airplane passes the
holding fix again, i.e. during the next turn in holding.
When Exit Hold is executed the airplane will turn immediately toward the holding fix, terminate the holding pattern,
and continue on the programmed route.
To cancel a holding pattern use the waypoint bypass or delete waypoint procedure on the Hold At line.
If the FMS Offset route is more than 2½ miles from the original course, the FMS computes a 45° intercept to it. If
the offset route is 2½ miles or less from the original course, the FMS computes a 10° intercept. The same intercept
angles are used when returning to the original route from an offset. To delete an offset, use the Delete key or enter
a 0 for the offset mileage on Route page 1.
Pressing the Activate button for RTE 2 automatically brings up the DIR/INTC page for Route 2 so you can select
the appropriate fix before executing the new route.
Fuel quantity USE prompts on Progress page 2 are only displayed if the difference between the Totalizer and
Calculated fuel is 3,000 pounds or more. There will be an alert message in the scratch pad directing you to
Progress page 2 in this case. (You might have a fuel leak.)
If an FMC fails, its associated LNAV and VNAV will be inop. Select the opposite autopilot and opposite FMC to
use LNAV and VNAV from the other FMC.
Some aircraft have two independent alternate navigation systems in case both FMCs fail. Select CDU-L and CDU-R
to access the IRS-based alternate navigation systems. Only the IRS-Legs page and IRS-Progress page will be
operational and all new waypoints must be entered as latitude and longitude.
Three Inertial Reference Units (IRUs) are installed on 757-200s and 767s. The 757-300 has three Air Data/Inertial
Reference Units (ADIRUs) that combine the functions of an IRU with an Air Data Computer (ADC).
The IRUs provide data to the RDMI, HSI, ADI and VSI. (You can remember this because IRU starts with “I” and
all the other instruments end in “I.”)
The left IRU provides data to the Captain’s ADI, HSI, VSI and the F/O’s RDMI.
The right IRU provides data to the F/O’s ADI, HSI, VSI and the Captain’s RDMI.
The center IRU is an alternate source of data for either or both pilot’s instruments.
Full alignment requires present position to be entered and takes 10 minutes to complete. Quick alignment takes 30
seconds. (Alignment actually depends on latitude. It will be faster than 10 minutes at the equator and the IRUs
won’t align at all at the North Pole.)
Track, wind and heading on the overhead IRS panel are all referenced to True North.
Flashing Align lights indicate:
 the IRUs have been in align mode for more than 10 minutes without a present position entered
 an incorrect present position was entered (a significant difference from the shutdown position)
 the airplane was moved during alignment
The ON DC light during alignment means the IRU is testing its backup source of DC power.
The ON DC light during operation means the IRU has lost its primary source of power (AC) and is operating on
backup DC power.
The DC FAIL light indicates the IRU has lost its backup source power (DC) but is operating normally on AC power.
After loss of both AC and DC power to the IRU, all lights for the IRU on the overhead panel will be out and flags
will appear in the affected instruments (ADI, HSI, VSI, opposite RDMI) if power to those instruments is available.
The IRU FAULT light indicates a fault is detected and the IRU must be considered unreliable.
When on Standby power (ON DC lights illuminated), some airplanes will depower the right IRU after 5 minutes and
some airplanes will depower the left and center IRUs after 5 minutes to save battery power. The remaining IRU or
IRUs will stay powered until battery depletion. Refer to the Differences section in Volume 1.

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IRUs cannot be realigned in flight, but if power is restored after they have shut down, they can be re-powered and
used in Attitude mode. Maintain straight and level flight for 30 seconds while attitude is measured. Heading must
be entered manually on the overhead panel.
Two Air Data Computers (ADCs) are installed on 757-200s and 767s. The ADCs receive pitot and static inputs from
their respective pitot static probes and ports. 757-300s have three ADIRUs instead, as described above.
Airspeed indicators and altimeters receive information from their respective Air Data Computer, with the opposite
ADC serving as an alternate source.
The light on the altimeter indicates approaching an MCP selected altitude. It comes on 750 feet prior to the selected
altitude and goes off 250 feet prior to the selected altitude. The light on the altimeter, the Altitude alert light on the
forward panel, an EICAS message, the Master Caution light and beeper activate when deviating 250 feet from the
MCP altitude. Cautions and alerts are inhibited with the gear down except for the light on the altimeter.
Each VSI receives inputs from its respective IRU, which gets inputs from its respective ADC, with the center IRU
serving as an alternate source.
757-200s and 767s have a Standby Attitude Indicator, Standby Altimeter and Standby Airspeed Indicator. The 757-
300 has an Integrated Standby Flight Display (IFSD) which combines all three instruments into one display.
On the Standby Attitude Indicator/IFSD the ILS/APP and B/CRS positions display information from the center ILS.
Bars on the Standby Attitude Indicator/IFSD are deviation indicators only. They are not flight director commands
and will not guide you to the course or glideslope.
The Standby Altimeter/IFSD uses the alternate static source with no ADC corrections.
The Standby Airspeed Indicator/IFSD uses the alternate static source and an aux pitot boom with no ADC
corrections.
The Flight Recorder is on anytime an engine is running or anytime in flight with electrical power available.
The Cockpit Voice Recorder continuously records all inputs anytime electrical power is applied to the airplane.
During test, the needle (if installed) displaces to the green band if all four channels are operating. To erase, hold
the erase switch for 2 seconds while on the ground with AC power applied and the parking brake set. (Erased and
recorded-over data can often be recovered however, so don’t be too confident.)
The Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) consists of an ADI and an HSI for each pilot.
There are three Symbol Generators to create images on the EFIS.
The left Symbol Generator receives inputs from the left IRU, left ILS and left radio altimeter.
The center Symbol Generator receives inputs from the center IRU, center ILS and center radio altimeter.
The right Symbol Generator receives inputs from the right IRU, right ILS and right radio altimeter.
Normally the left Symbol Generator supplies inputs to the Captain’s EFIS and the right Symbol Generator supplies
inputs to the F/O’s EFIS. The center Symbol Generator can be used as a backup for either or both.
The ADI receives attitude and ground speed information from its respective IRU through the symbol generator.
Instrument Source Selectors:
 for F/D flags or no F/D bars, select a different flight director
 for Map or Vtrack on the HSI, select the alternate FMC
 for symbol generator, ILS or Radio Altimeter problems, select the alternate EFI
 for attitude, heading, vertical speed and opposite RDMI heading problems, select the alternate IRS
 for airspeed, altimeter and flight instrument problems, select the alternate Air Data Computer
“SIR EFI” is a good way to remember what the EFI source switch controls. It will select the center symbol
generator, the center ILS and the center radio altimeter.
The Thrust Management Computer provides inputs to the Fast/Slow speed indicator on the ADI.
Radio altitude is displayed in the upper right corner of the ADI when below 2,500 feet AGL.
DH alerting resets when climbing 75 feet above the set DH on a go-around or after touchdown on landing. Selecting
a negative DH hides the DH display.
LOC and G/S scales appear when an ILS frequency is tuned. The LOC pointer appears when the signal is received
and the G/S pointer appears if the signal is received and on a front course intercept heading.
The runway symbol appears when below 2,500' AGL and rises to meet the airplane symbol when below 200' AGL.
Two Flight Management Computers (FMC) are installed.
In flight, the Flight Management System will automatically tune two DMEs from a VOR or Localizer to create a
radio position. The radio position is averaged with the inertial position from the IRUs to create the FMS position,
which the FMS assumes is the airplane’s actual position.
The FMS will auto tune the DMEs only when in the Map or Plan mode.
Anytime a VOR (or Localizer) is tuned, either manually or automatically, the correct DME is also tuned.

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The Captain’s HSI receives map data from the left FMC through the left symbol generator. The F/O’s HSI receives
map data from the right FMC through the right symbol generator.
In Full and Expanded VOR and ILS modes the actual heading is at the top of the case, the magenta captain’s bars
are the MCP heading and the white drift angle pointer is the aircraft’s actual track computed by the IRS.
Map mode has aircraft track (not heading) at the top. The white line in the middle of the HSI is the aircraft track, the
white triangle is aircraft heading, and the magenta captain’s bars are MCP heading.
Each segment on the trend vector is 30 seconds long. A maximum of three will be displayed.
Green NAVAIDs (two) displayed on the HSI are the ones being automatically tuned for DME updating by the FMS
or were manually tuned from the VOR panel.
Full deflection on the VNAV vertical deviation scale (football) indicates a deviation of 400 feet or more.
With NAVAID selected, all NAVAIDs are displayed if the range is set at 40 nm or less. If the range is set at greater
than 40 nm only the high-altitude NAVAIDs are displayed.
With Airport selected, all airports in the FMC database are displayed if in range.
With Waypoint selected, waypoints (not necessarily those on the flight path) are shown in blue if range is 40 nm or
less.
Data from the left VOR is displayed on the Captain’s HSI if a VOR mode is selected and data from the right VOR is
displayed on the F/O’s HSI if a VOR mode is selected.
All three ILS receivers are simultaneously tuned with the panel on the pedestal. Left LOC and G/S are displayed on
the Captain’s ADI and HSI and right LOC and G/S are displayed on the F/O’s ADI and HSI. Center LOC and G/S
raw data is displayed on the Standby Attitude indicator when ILS is selected on the instrument.
Each ILS receiver supplies data to its respective Flight Control Computer (FCC).
Turning the ILS tuning knob counterclockwise turns off the ILS receivers, removes displays from the instruments,
and shows Park or dashes in the tuning window.
DME on the RDMI is controlled by the HSI mode selector. In VOR, MAP and PLAN modes the DME is to the
VOR station currently tuned, either manually or automatically. In ILS modes, the DME is to the tuned ILS and an
L for “Localizer” is indicated before the mileage number. Dashes appear if the DME information is not available
and the window is blank if the DME is inop.
The ADF sends bearing information to the RDMI. ANT is for better audio reception, but no bearing data is sent to
the RDMI. The Tone switch should normally be off.
Except for the 767ER, only a left ADF is installed, but the control head still has two windows and a transfer switch.
Selecting ADF on the right pointer on the RDMI freezes the wide needle in its last position and the Bearing
Pointer flag appears. On the 767ER, two ADFs are installed and bearing to tuned ADF stations is displayed on the
HSI (green arrows) regardless of HSI mode selection. The RDMIs will show bearing to both stations if ADF is
selected for both pointers. To park the ADF and remove the green arrows from the HSI, tune to frequency 100.0.

Fuel
Do not reset any fuel boost pump circuit breaker.
The left and right pump Press lights indicate the pump output pressure is low. The pump switch may be on or off.
The center pump Press lights indicate the pump output pressure is low or the associated engine N2 is below 50%
with the pump switch on. Center Press lights and EICAS messages are inhibited when the pump switches are off.
The Crossfeed Valve light indicates a crossfeed valve is not in the commanded position.
Fuel Config light:
 757: 1,800 lb. fuel imbalance
 767: 2,000 ± 500 lb. fuel imbalance
 less than 2,200 lbs. in either main tank (LOW FUEL EICAS message too)
 center tank pumps off with more than 1,200 lbs. in the center tank
Fuel temperature is measured in the right main fuel tank (757) or the left main fuel tank (767).
Each fuel tank has two AC-powered fuel pumps. A single pump can supply sufficient fuel pressure to operate one
engine under all conditions.
Center tank pumps have approximately twice the output pressure of the main tank pumps and will override them so
that center tank fuel is used before main tank fuel.
To reduce electrical loads, center tank pumps are inhibited when the associated engine N2 is below 50%, so a center
tank pump will be off, even with the switch on, when the respective engine is shut down. When the engine
accelerates through 50% N2 on start, the pump will operate.

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LEFT and/or RIGHT FUEL SYSTEM PRESSURE EICAS messages will display if all fuel pumps have low output
pressure or if all fuel pumps on one side have low output pressure and the crossfeed valve(s) is closed. Fuel pump
low pressure messages are inhibited by low fuel system messages.
APU fuel is supplied from the left fuel manifold. The left main fuel tank has a DC-powered fuel pump to
automatically supply the APU when AC power is not available and the APU selector is on. There are no controls
or indications for this pump. If AC power is available and the APU selector is on, the left forward AC fuel pump
operates automatically regardless of switch position and the DC pump is turned off.
Some airplanes have two crossfeed valves and some airplanes have one crossfeed valve. On airplanes with two
valves, only one is required to successfully crossfeed. A Valve light indicates the valve does not agree with the
commanded position.
Fuel system low pressure messages are inhibited with the crossfeed valve(s) open.
757 aircraft are equipped with a center tank fuel scavenge system which transfers fuel from the center tank to the left
main tank beginning when the left main tank is approximately half empty.
767ER aircraft are equipped with a center tank fuel scavenge system which transfers fuel from the center tank to
both main tanks beginning when the main tanks are approximately half empty.
Engines may suction feed directly from the fuel tanks if fuel pump pressure is low, however, at high altitude, thrust
deterioration or flameout may occur due to dissolved air in the fuel coming out of solution and restricting fuel flow
through the suction feed line. Eventually, the dissolved air in the fuel will be depleted and the engine may be
capable of suction feed at cruise power.
Fuel Jettison (767ER only) – fuel will jettison at approximately 1,300 ppm and fuel will jettison on the ground if the
system is activated. There is no ground safety switch.
The FMC discontinues fuel value calculations and uses the totalizer value during fuel jettison. When fuel jettison is
complete the calculated value will reset to the totalizer value.

Fuel Tank Capacities

Airplane Left Main Right Main Center Total

Some 757-200s 14,600 14,600 46,200 75,400
Some 757-200s 14,600 14,600 46,400 75,600
Some 757-200s 14,579 14,579 46,391 75,549
Some 757-200s 14,981 14,981 47,021 76,983
Some 757-200s 15,000 15,000 47,000 77,000
757-300 14,921 14,921 47,980 76,822
767 Domestic 40,100 40,100 30,000 112,000
767ER 41,000 41,000 80,400 162,400

Hydraulics
The System Pressure light indicates system pressure is low.
The Reservoir light indicates reservoir quantity or pressure is low on the 757. On the 767, it indicates only the
reservoir quantity is low.
Turning the Engine Pump switch on allows the pump to pressurize when the engine rotates. Off depressurizes the
pump but cooling fluid is still circulated through it.
The Electric Pump switch turns the electric pump on or off.
Electric and Air Demand Pump switches (767):
 Off – the pump is off
 Auto – the left and right pumps operate only when engine pump pressure is low. The center ADP pump will
operate only when both center electric pump pressures are low or when high load items are selected or when
the left center electric pump is isolated.
 On – the pump operates continuously
The Pump Pressure light indicates pump output pressure is low. For demand pumps, the light only illuminates if the
pump has been signaled to operate and its output pressure is low.
The Pump Overheat light indicates pump temperature is high.
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Hydraulic quantity of 1.00 is the normal service level. RF is displayed when the reservoir requires refilling.
The Ram Air Turbine (RAT) switch manually deploys the RAT. The RAT will deploy in the air or on the ground.
The Ram Air Turbine Unlocked light indicates the RAT is not stowed and locked.
The Ram Air Turbine Pressure light (green) indicates the RAT is deployed and is producing hydraulic pressure.
There are three independent hydraulic systems; left, center and right.
Flight controls are distributed so that any one hydraulic system can provide adequate controllability.
Hydraulic system reservoirs are pressurized by the bleed air system.
Fluid to engine-driven hydraulic pumps flows through a shutoff valve controlled by the engine fire switch. Pulling
the fire switch shuts off the flow of fluid to the pump. This is different than turning the pump switch off. Cooling
fluid still circulates when the pump is turned off, but all fluid is shut off when the fire switch is pulled.
High load hydraulic items are “flaps, slats, gear and steer.” On the 767, ground spoilers are high load items when
describing when the ADP operates.

757 Hydraulic Systems

Left Center Right

One engine-driven pump Two electric pumps One engine-driven pump
One electric pump One electric pump

Flight controls Flight controls Flight controls

Left autopilot Center autopilot Right autopilot
Flaps and slats Stab trim Stab trim
Landing gear Elevator feel Elevator feel
Alternate brakes Ram Air Turbine Normal brakes
Nosewheel steering Reserve brakes
Left thrust reverser Autobrakes
Rudder ratio Brake accumulator
HDG (some 757s only) Right thrust reverser
Tailskid (757-300 only) PTU motor to transfer hydraulic
PTU pump to receive hydraulic power to the left system
power from the right system

A 10% standpipe protects fluid for A 10% standpipe protects fluid for A 10% standpipe protects fluid for
use by the PTU for the flaps, slats, the RAT in case of a center use by the Reserve brakes in case
gear, and nosewheel steering in system leak. of a right system leak.
case of a left system leak.

A Hydraulic Driven Generator (HDG) is installed on some 757s and is automatically powered by the left hydraulic
system when electrical power is lost to both main AC busses.
The Power Transfer Unit (PTU) is a hydraulic motor-pump that transfers hydraulic power from the right system to
the left system if necessary. It is automatically activated if the left engine fails or if the left engine-driven pump
output pressure is low. When activated, the PTU supplements the left electric hydraulic pump to operate the flaps
and slats, landing gear, and nosewheel steering (“flaps, slats, gear & steer”), and the HDG on some 757 aircraft.
PTU operation is inhibited if the right engine is not operating.
If the Power Transfer Unit (PTU) switch is Off, the PTU only operates when automatically activated. If On, the PTU
operates if the right engine is operating.
The standpipe in the left system protects fluid to operate the flaps, slats, landing gear and nosewheel steering with
the PTU in case of a left system leak.
The Ram Air Turbine will provide hydraulic power to the flight control portion of the center hydraulic system only.
It deploys automatically in flight if both engines fail (N2 below 50%) and will provide adequate hydraulic power
at airspeeds above 130 knots. The RAT is inhibited from automatically deploying on the ground and once
deployed in flight, it cannot be retracted.
The standpipe in the center hydraulic system protects fluid for the RAT in case of a center system leak.

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The standpipe in the right hydraulic system protects fluid for the reserve brakes in case of a right system leak.
Pushing the Reserve Brakes switch configures the system to use the protected fluid, activates the right system
electric pump regardless of switch position, and isolates the pump output to the reserve brakes. (Reserve brakes on
the 757 are just the normal brakes powered by the standpipe fluid and isolated output from the electric pump.)
All standpipes on the 757 protect approximately 10% of the hydraulic fluid quantity.

767 Hydraulic Systems

Left Center Right

One engine-driven pump Two electric pumps One engine-driven pump
One electric demand pump One Air Demand Pump (ADP) One electric demand pump

Flight controls Flight controls Flight controls

Left autopilot Center autopilot Right autopilot
Stab trim Stab trim Normal brakes
Elevator feel Elevator feel Autobrakes
Rudder ratio Landing gear Brake accumulator
Left thrust reverser (some airplanes) Flaps and slats Right thrust reverser (some
PTU to receive hydraulic power for Nosewheel steering airplanes)
the Pitch Enhancement System Alternate brakes PTU to transfer hydraulic power for
Reserve brakes and steering the Pitch Enhancement System
Ram Air Turbine
HDG (some 767s only)
Tailskid

There is no standpipe. A 50% standpipe protects fluid for There is no standpipe.

the Reserve Brakes and Steering
in case of a center system leak.

The electric and air demand pumps provide additional hydraulic power either on demand or continuously during
periods of high system demand. They are also backups for the engine-driven and electric hydraulic pumps. The left
electric demand pump is inhibited during the start of either engine on the ground when only one generator is
operating.
The Air-driven Demand Pump (ADP) operates as a demand pump when center electric pump output pressures are
low or as an anticipatory pump when high load items (flaps, slats, landing gear, nosewheel steering and ground
spoilers) are selected. It also operates continuously when the HDG (if installed) is operating.
If center hydraulic quantity is sensed low (approximately 50%), the center number one (C1) electric pump is
automatically isolated. Pressing the Reserve Brakes and Steering switch allows the C1 pump to use standpipe fluid
to power the reserve brakes and steering system. (Reserve brakes on the 767 are just the alternate brakes powered
by the standpipe fluid and the isolated C1 pump.)
The Reserve Brakes and Steering Isolation light on the P-61 panel indicates the center number one (C1) electric
hydraulic pump is isolated to provide hydraulic pressure to the reserve brakes and steering system.
The Reserve Brakes and Steering Reset/Disable switch on the P-61 panel resets or disables the automatic isolation
feature of the center hydraulic system. In Norm, the isolation feature is armed for automatic operation.
A Hydraulic Driven Generator (HDG) is installed on some 767s and is automatically powered by the center
hydraulic system when electrical power is lost to both main AC busses. The ADP will then operate continuously to
ensure there is sufficient hydraulic pressure to drive the HDG. (Actually, it will operate because the electric pumps
are unpowered due to electrical failure and center system pressure is low.)
The Ram Air Turbine provides hydraulic pressure to the flight controls on the center hydraulic system only. It
operates just like the 757 RAT except that fluid for the RAT on the 767 is not protected by a standpipe.

Landing Gear
The Doors light indicates a landing gear door is not closed.
The Gear light indicates the landing gear position disagrees with the landing gear lever position.
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Nose, Left and Right Down lights indicate the associated landing gear is down and locked.
The Brake Temp light indicates a wheel brake is in the high range (5 or above).
The Tailskid light (757-300 and 767 only) indicates the tailskid position disagrees with the landing gear lever
position.
Gear Lever – Up retracts, Down extends, and Off removes hydraulic pressure to the landing gear system.
Pushing the lock override releases the landing gear lever lock.
With the Alternate Gear Extend switch in Off, the landing gear lever operates normally. In Down, the gear is
extended by the alternate system.
The nosewheel steering tiller turns the nosewheel up to 65º in either direction and overrides rudder pedal steering.
Rudder pedal steering turns the nosewheel up to 7º in either direction.
The Autobrakes light indicates the autobrakes are disarmed or inop.
The Parking Brake light indicates the parking brakes are set.
The brake pressure indicator shows brake accumulator pressure. The amber band indicates the pre-charge only and
no brake pressure is available in this range.
The Brake Source light indicates both normal and alternate brake system pressures are low. If the light remains
illuminated after selecting Reserve Brakes (757) or Reserve Brakes and Steering (767), only accumulator pressure
is available for braking.
The Reserve Brakes switch (757) allows the use of reserve fluid protected by the standpipe in the right hydraulic
system. It activates the right electric hydraulic pump regardless of switch position and isolates the output of that
pump to power the normal brake system. (Reserve brakes use the normal brake system on the 757.)
The Reserve Brakes and Steering switch (767) provides pressure to the alternate brake system and nosewheel
steering using the C1 electric pump and isolated (standpipe) fluid in the center hydraulic reservoir. (Reserve brakes
use the alternate brake system on the 767.)
If the Reserve Brakes and Steering Valve light (767) is illuminated with the switch off, it indicates the valves
disagree with the position commanded by the automatic isolation feature. If the light is illuminated with the switch
on, the valves disagree with the manually selected position.
The Antiskid light on the overhead panel indicates a fault is detected in the antiskid system.
Antiskid switch on the overhear panel (some airplanes):
 on and off positions turn the antiskid system on and off
 the Off light in the switch indicates the antiskid is turned off, or the antiskid is inop due to a fault, or the
parking brake valve is not open with the parking brake released. (The parking brake valve closes to apply the
parking brake, so in the last case, the valve did not open when the parking brake was released and the parking
brakes are still applied. Do not taxi.)
In reference to Antiskid lights, “Little light, little problem. Big light, big problem.” The little light on the overhead
panel is a fault and the big light in the antiskid switch on the overhead panel (if installed) means the antiskid is
inop or off.
Antiskid always stops working below 8 knots or you could never stop the airplane.
The Brake Temperature on EICAS (if installed) indicates the relative value of brake temperature. 0-2 is the initial
range (cool brakes), 3-4 is the normal range and the box turns white for the first brake on each truck that exceeds
2, 5-9 is the high range and the box and number are white for each brake above 5. Five and above also turns on the
Brake Temp light near the landing gear handle. The Brake Temperature Monitoring System is not installed on
some 757s.
The 757 normally uses the left hydraulic system to raise and lower the gear and the 767 normally uses the center
hydraulic system.
The air/ground system uses tilt sensors on each main landing gear to configure airplane systems to the appropriate
air or ground status. The nose air/ground system uses nose gear strut compression sensors to control stall warning
and portions of the caution and warning system. An EICAS message of AIR/GND SYS or NOSE A/G SYS
indicates that some portion of the sensing system has failed and some systems will not operate normally. Do not
take off.
The landing gear lever is held in the down position by the automatic lever lock while on the ground. The lever lock
is automatically released by air/ground sensing after takeoff and can also be manually released by pushing the lock
override button near the gear handle.
Gear Retraction – the doors open, the main gear tilt, automatic wheel brakes are applied, the Gear and Doors lights
illuminate, the gear hydraulically retracts into the wells and the doors close. After retraction the gear are held in

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 place by uplocks and hydraulic pressure is removed from the system by placing the gear handle to Off. Lights and
EICAS messages will indicate any gear or door that is not fully retracted or closed after the normal transit time.
The 757 gear is held up by gear and door uplocks.
The 767 main gear is held up by locked gear doors. The nose gear is held up by gear uplocks.
Gear Extension – the doors open, the gear unlock, the Gear and Doors lights illuminate, the gear are hydraulically
powered down and locked, the trucks tilt to the flight position, and the doors close. Lights and EICAS messages
will indicate any gear that is not down and locked or any door that is not closed after the normal transit time.
757 Alternate Extension is “electro-hydraulic.” Alternate extension uses a dedicated DC electric hydraulic pump that
uses isolated fluid in the supply line to the pump to release all gear and door uplocks. The gear then free-fall to the
down and locked position and all hydraulically powered gear doors remain open.
767 Alternate Extension is “electro-mechanical.” Alternate extension uses an electric motor to trip the locking
mechanism for each gear. The gear then free-fall to the down and locked position and all hydraulically powered
gear doors remain open.
According to a ground school instructor, every time alternate extension has been used on a 767, the nose gear has
not locked down and collapsed on landing, usually at low speed and with minor damage.
On the 767, flight beyond 30 minutes on Standby (battery) power will result in complete electrical failure and the
inability to extend the gear and flaps. The ADP requires DC power to operate and when the battery is depleted, the
ADP air supply valve will close and the center hydraulic system will depressurize. The gear and flaps will not
extend by either the normal or alternate methods if this happens.
Nosewheel steering is powered by the left hydraulic system on the 757 and the center hydraulic system on the 767.
The nosewheel tiller can turn the nose gear 65º in either direction and the rudder pedals can turn the nose gear 7º in
either direction. The tiller overrides rudder pedal steering.
757 Brake Sources: “Right – Left – Right” (marching)
 Normal – right hydraulic system
 Alternate – left hydraulic system
 Reserve – right hydraulic system
757 Brake Systems:
 Normal – the normal brake system is powered by the right hydraulic system.
 Alternate – if the right hydraulic pressure is low, the alternate brakes on the left hydraulic system are
automatically selected and hydraulic pressure is routed through the alternate antiskid valves to the brakes.
 Reserve – if both normal and alternate brake system pressures (right and left hydraulics) are low, the Brake
Source light illuminates. Pressing the Reserve Brakes switch turns on the right system electric pump regardless
of pump switch position and configures that pump to use the isolated fluid protected by the standpipe in the
right hydraulic reservoir exclusively to pressurize the normal brakes. (The reserve brakes use the normal
brakes system.) The Brake Source light will extinguish when pressure is available. If it doesn’t, only
accumulator pressure is available.
 Accumulator – if normal, alternate and reserve brake hydraulic pressure is lost, the accumulator can provide
several braking applications or parking brake application. The amber band on the accumulator gauge represents
pre-charge pressure only and no braking is available in this range.
767 Brake Sources: “Royal Crown Cola”
 Normal – right hydraulic system
 Alternate – center hydraulic system
 Reserve – center hydraulic system
767 Brake Systems:
 Normal – the normal brakes system is powered by the right hydraulic system.
 Alternate – if the right hydraulic pressure is low, the alternate brakes on the center hydraulic system are
automatically selected and hydraulic pressure is routed through the alternate antiskid valves to the brakes.
 Reserve – if both normal and alternate brake system pressures (right and center hydraulics) are low, the Brake
Source light illuminates. If the center hydraulic system quantity is sensed low, the C1 electric pump is
automatically isolated. Pressing the Reserve Brakes and Steering switch then uses the C1 pump and isolated
standpipe fluid in the center hydraulic system exclusively for the alternate brakes system and nosewheel
steering. (Reserve brakes use the alternate brakes system.) The Brake Source light will extinguish when
pressure is available. If it doesn’t, nosewheel steering is not available and only accumulator pressure is
available for the brakes. The Valve light in the switch will illuminate if the valves disagree with the
automatically or manually commanded position.

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  Accumulator – if normal, alternate and reserve brake hydraulic pressure is lost, the accumulator can provide
several braking applications or parking brake application. The amber band on the accumulator gauge represents
pre-charge pressure only and no braking is available in this range.
On all airplanes, the only way to tell if normal brakes have failed and alternate brakes are selected is to observe a
Right System Low Pressure EICAS message. There are no other cockpit indications or controls.
The antiskid system requires three things: wheel speed from the transducers, the antiskid controller, and IRS data.
Antiskid brakes are available with normal, alternate, reserve and accumulator braking systems. Antiskid protection
is always available unless it’s turned off or failed.
The normal brake system provides individual antiskid protection to each main gear wheel and the alternate brake
system provides antiskid protection to laterally paired wheels. Touchdown, hydroplaning and locked wheel
protection are provided.
The autobrake system operates only when the normal brake system is functioning and antiskid is provided with
autobrakes. (Theoretically, it’s possible to use autobrakes with reserve brakes on the 757 because reserve brakes
use the normal brakes system, but it’s prohibited by procedure.)
Not all airplanes have RTO braking installed.
With RTO selected (if installed), the autobrakes will provide maximum braking on a rejected takeoff if:
 the airplane is on the ground
 groundspeed is above 85 knots
 both thrust levers are retarded to idle
If a rejected takeoff is initiated below 85 knots, the RTO function will not operate.
Autobrake application on landing begins when:
 both thrust levers are retarded to idle
 the wheels have spun up
On landing, autobrake deceleration is limited until the pitch angle is one degree or less and then increases to the
selected level.
On dry runways, the Max Auto position for landing is less than max braking produced by full rudder pedal braking.
The autobrake selector sets a deceleration rate and autobrake pressure is reduced as thrust reversers and spoilers
contribute to the total deceleration.
Autobrakes will disarm after application for (F-STOP):
F – faults in the autobrake or antiskid systems
S – if the speedbrake lever is moved forward
T – if either thrust lever is advanced
O – if the selector is moved to Off or Disarm
P – if a brake pedal is pressed
The parking brake may be set with either the normal or alternate brake system pressurized. If the normal and
alternate brake systems are not pressurized, parking brake pressure is maintained by the accumulator. The
accumulator is pressurized by the right hydraulic system on both airplanes and accumulator pressure is shown on
the Brake Press indicator.
Brake Temperatures (if installed):
 initial range is 0-2
 normal range is 3-4
 overheat range is 5-9 and the Brake Temp light illuminates
Brake temperatures are not instantaneous and will build for 10-15 minutes after brakes are applied.
The tailskid uses the main landing gear activation system and the left hydraulic system on the 757-300 and the
center hydraulic system on the 767.

Warning Systems
EICAS Event Record manually records the last EICAS event into memory. Only the last manually-recorded event
will be retained. EICAS will also automatically record events as necessary.
Auto on the EICAS Computer Selector selects the left EICAS computer, but control will automatically switch to the
right computer if the left one fails.
Cancel and Recall switches – Cancel displays the next page of EICAS messages when additional pages exist and
then cancels caution and advisory messages when the last page is reached. Warning messages will not cancel
however. Recall displays previously cancelled messages if the condition still exists.

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The PULL Up light on the forward panel and on the ADI indicates the GPWS barometric or radio altitude descent
rate is excessive or a look-ahead terrain warning (if installed) is active.
The WINDSHEAR light on the forward panel and on the ADI indicates a windshear condition is detected.
The CONFIG light on the forward panel indicates a configuration warning exists.
The OVRSPD light on the forward panel indicates the airplane is exceeding Mmo or Vmo.
The ALT ALERT light on the forward panel indicates between a 250' and 750' deviation from the selected altitude.
The FLAP OVRD switch on the forward panel inhibits Too Low Flaps and Too Low Terrain cautions.
The GEAR OVRD switch on the forward panel inhibits Too Low Gear and Too Low Terrain cautions and inhibits
landing configuration siren.
The TERR OVRD switch on the forward panel inhibits EGPWS look-ahead terrain alerts and display (if installed).
The GND PROX light on the forward panel indicates a ground proximity caution exists and the GND PROX switch
will inhibit glideslope cautions below 1,000' RA.
A Terrain Caution (if installed) indicates 40-60 seconds from impact with terrain shown as solid amber on the HSI.
A Terrain Warning (if installed) indicates 20-30 seconds from impact with terrain shown as solid red on the HSI.
EICAS warnings are in red, cautions and advisories are in amber, and communication messages are in white.
Status messages indicate conditions requiring MEL reference for dispatch but are not considered crew alerts.
The most recent EICAS message is displayed at the top of its respective level, so the problem that initially triggered
the messages is at the bottom. Run that checklist first.
EICAS warnings can only be cleared by correcting the condition causing the warning. Cautions and advisories can
be cleared with the Cancel button.
The Master Caution lights and beeper are inhibited when the airplane is on the ground and both Fuel Control
switches are in cutoff.
Most new caution and advisory EICAS alerts are inhibited during ground engine start until the engine reaches idle
RPM or the start is aborted or 5 minutes elapse from the time of start switch engagement.
Takeoff Inhibits:
 Master Warning lights and fire bell are inhibited for fire from rotation until 400' RA or 20 seconds after
takeoff, whichever occurs first. EICAS messages will appear, but the Master Warning and fire bell will not
activate until after the inhibit expires.
 Master Caution lights and beeper are inhibited from 80 kts until 400' RA or 20 seconds after takeoff,
whichever occurs first. If the takeoff is rejected, the inhibit remains until airspeed is below 75 kts. EICAS
messages appear during the inhibit, but the Master Caution lights and beeper will not activate until out of the
inhibit range.
 advisory and communication alert messages may or may not be inhibited depending on the airplane
Landing Inhibits:
 communication alert messages, except Cabin Alert, are inhibited from 800' RA to 75 kts
The Takeoff Configuration Warning system is armed when the airplane is on the ground and thrust is in the takeoff
range on either engine. Any existing takeoff configuration warnings are terminated at main gear lift off.
Takeoff Configuration Warnings:
 flaps not in a takeoff position
 parking brake set (4 items)
 speedbrake lever not down
 stabilizer not in the green band
The Landing Configuration Warning activates if the airplane is in flight and any landing gear is not down and locked
and either:
 the flap lever is in a landing position (25 or 30) or
 any throttle is in idle below 800' RA.
The flap lever warning cannot be silenced, but pushing the Master Caution reset switch will silence the warning for
idle thrust.
Stall warning is provided by two independent stick shakers that are activated in flight and deactivated on the ground
through air/ground logic based on nose gear strut extension.
On the 757, if the slats are in the midrange position and the left hydraulic system is pressurized, the slats will extend
to the landing position during a stall warning and then retract back to the midrange position when the stall warning
ceases (Autoslat operation). The flap lever will not move.
On the 757, slats may extend during testing of the stall system if the left hydraulic system is pressurized. Use
caution on the ground.

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On the 767, if the flaps are retracted and the angle of attack continues to increase after a stall warning, a control
column nudger moves the control column forward. Flaps must be up for the nudger to operate.
Overspeed Warning – Master Warning, EICAS message, discrete light and siren when airspeed exceeds Vmo/Mmo.
Altitude Alerting:
 ALT light on the altimeter 750' prior to a selected altitude
 ALT light clears 250' prior to a selected altitude
 Master Caution, Altitude Alert and ALT light if deviating more than 250' from a selected altitude
 if deviating more than 750' from the selected altitude, the alert cancels
 altitude alerting is inhibited in flight with all landing gear down and locked
There are two types of GPWS alerts:
 Radio Altitude-Based Alerts (GPWS) – multiple warnings and cautions based on radio altitude and ILS
glideslope deviations
 Look-Ahead Terrain Alerts (EGPWS) – multiple warnings and cautions based on aircraft position in reference
to an onboard terrain database. Be aware that:
- the database is unaware of man-made obstructions
- terrain more than 2,000' below the airplane’s altitude will not be displayed
- terrain within 400' of the nearest airport elevation will not be displayed
- terrain and weather radar cannot be shown on the same screen at the same time
- the Terrain Caution alerts 40-60 seconds from impact with terrain shown as solid amber on the HSI
- the Pull Up Warning alerts 20-30 seconds from impact with terrain shown as solid red on the HSI
- the terrain ahead may exceed the airplane’s climb capability
- both types of GPWS alerts are inhibited by an actual windshear warning (airplane in windshear)
There are two types of windshear warnings:
 Reactive Windshear Warnings (airplane in windshear) are provided by the GPWS system and are available
below 1,500' RA on takeoff or landing. Detection begins at rotation.
 Predictive Windshear Alerts and Warnings use the weather radar to detect windshear ahead of the airplane. The
Predictive Windshear System is not installed on all airplanes. Be aware that:
- some level of moisture or particulate matter must be present for detection
- not all windshear will be detected
- predictive windshear alerts are issued below 1,200' RA
- the weather radar begins scanning automatically (even if turned off) when the thrust levers are set for
takeoff or when below 2,300' RA
- alerts are available 12 seconds after the radar begins scanning and can be enabled earlier on the ground by
manually turning on the weather radar
- new predictive windshear cautions are inhibited during takeoff and landing between 80 kts and 400' RA
- new predictive windshear warnings are inhibited during takeoff and landing between 100 kts and 50' RA
- predictive windshear alerts are inhibited by actual windshear warnings (airplane in windshear) and both
types of GPWS alerts
TCAS Proximate Traffic is traffic within six miles and 1,200' vertically.
A TCAS Traffic Advisory (TA) results from a prediction that another airplane will enter protected airspace in 35-45
seconds.
A TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) results from a prediction that another airplane will enter protected airspace in
20-30 seconds.
All TCAS alerts are inhibited by GPWS and windshear warnings.
TCAS is inhibited during takeoff and landing. Increase Descent RAs are inhibited below 1,450' RA, Descend RAs
are inhibited below 1,100' RA and all RAs are inhibited below 1,000' RA. All TCAS voice annunciations are
inhibited below 500' RA.

Explicit hoc totum

Pro Christi da mihi potum

Translation: “That finishes the lot. For Christ’s sake, give me a drink!”
Found at the end of a long manuscript copied by a Mediaeval clerk.

Dave Collett 135

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