itt: a 2020 Rajasthan Staff Selection Board Combined Junior Engineer Direct Recruitment Examination Civil Engineering Design of RCC and Masonry Structures Welllllustrated Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions MADE EASY Publications Note: This book contains copyright subject mater MADE EASY Publications, New Deh. No part ofthis book may be reproduced, tore in avetrenlaitem or tansned in any form or by anytneane. laters ae able tobe legal prosecutedDesign of RCC and Masonry Structures Contents UNIT TOPIC PAGE NO. Basic Design Concepts — Limit State Method Working Stress Method Design for Shear in Reinforced Concrete —— Design for Bond in Reinforced Concrete ——— Design for Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Design of Beam 114-126 Design of Slab 27-142 Column: 43-158 Footing 59-172 Design of Retaining Wall 173-182 Design of WaterTank — 83-192 Design of Staircase 93-201 Design of Brick Masonry ~ 02-210 Lintel 211214 ‘Annexure 15-222 9000Design for Bond in Reinforced Concrete zmavSxmn 5.1 Introduction in the previous chapters, we made an assumption that there exists a perfect bond between the steel and the surrounding concrete in orcer to have strain compatibility. In this chapter, we will elaborate this assumption along with the concept of development length. We will look into the fact that why anchoring of tensile bars are jeformed bars are better than plain bars, when the question of bond arises? We will understand what does ‘bond stress’ means along with the concept of ‘bond strength essential, how tor 5.2 Bond in Reinforced Concrete ‘Bond in reinforced conerete is the adhesion (adhesive force) between the reinforcing steel bar and the surrounding conerete, Due to this bond only itis possible to transfer the axial force from the reinforcing steel to the surrounding concrete thus thereby introducing strain compatibility, composite/combined action of steel and conerete theory that plane sections remain plane before and after the bending is valid only if bond between the conerete and the steel is effective, hich avoids slippage of reinforcing bars from within the concrete. The basic assumption of flexural In the absence of bond, the reinforcing bar in conorete is just like a string only wherein the stress is constant at ll the points on the string, \tis because of the bond only that the axial stress (tensile, compressive) in the reinforcing bar vary along its length from point to point. This is essential to accommodate the variation in bending moment along the length of flexural member, 5.3 Mechanism of Force Transfer Through Bond Transfer of force due to bond in reinforced concrete is achieved by the following mechanisms: 1. Chemical adhesion due to sticky glue like properties of certain products of hydration of cement in concrete 2. Frictional resistance due to surface roughness of reinforcement and the grip exerted by the surrounding concrete, Mechanical interlocking due to surface protrusions/ribs on deformed reinforcing bars which is in fact not available for plain reinforcing bars.MADE ERS Design of RC and Masonry Structure Design for Bond in Reinforced 95 5.4 Bond Stress Bond resistance is achieved by development of tangential (shear) stress along the interface (contact surface) between the reinforcing bars and the concrete. The siress developed at the interface of steel and conerete is called as bond stress. 5.5 Various Types of Bond in Reinforced Concrete ‘There are two major types of bond according to the types of loading as: 1, Flexural bond: It comes into play in flexural members on account of shear or variation in bending moment. This in turn causes a variation in the axial tension along the length of reinforcing bar. IM 2. Anchorage/development bond: It arises over the length of anchorage provided for a bar or at the end of reinforcing bar. This bond resists the pulling out of bar if itis in tension or pushing in of the bar iftis in compression © © a —— atm a oe a ee (4) flexural bond (6) deveropment bond Fig. Differenttypes ofbond in reinforced concrete 5.6 Flexural Bond The variation in tension along the length of reinforcing bar owing to varying bending moment is due to flexural bond. Consider two sections on a beam cistant ‘dy’ apart as shown in the figure, which are acted upon by a differential moment ‘aM. If'2 is the lever arm then, Atsection A M = Cz=Tz andatsectionB, — M+ dM = (C+d0)z=(T+dNz96 | Civil Engineering RSSB-JE MADE EASY From above wo equations, aT = i) Therefore, force ‘dT which isthe unbalanced force in the bar actually gos transferred tothe surrounding concrete, This force transfer through this mechanism is called as flexural bond. This force gets developed along the interface of reinforcing bar and tho surrounding concrete Lot, Eo = Total perimoter of altho reinforcing bars at the beam section under consideration dix = Elomentary length of the beam uncior consideration u,= Flexural bond stress Thus, upeo)dx = aT (iy From equations (i) and (i, aM 2 v (Zo)dx (o)z i) ye aM where, V = Transverse shear force atthe section = ix ‘Thus flexural bond stress is high at locations of high shear force (V) and the term (Zo) in the denominator indicates that flexural bond stress can be reduced by using small diameter of large number of bars. 5.6.1 Factors Affecting The Flexural Bond Stress ‘The actual flexural bond stress gets affected by the following factors: 1. Appearance of flexural cracking, 2. Local slip of reinforcing bars in concrete. 3. Splitting of concrete and other secondary effects. 5.7 Anchorage/Development Bond This anchorage/cievelopment bond gets developed at the extreme cut-off end of the bar subjected to tensile force/ compressive force. fj ap risti \ (a) Cantilever beam (©) Probable variation {¢) Assumed uniform of anchorage bond stress uy average bond stress u,, Fig. Anchorage/developmentbond in reinforced concrete102 a4 as ae a7 as Civil Engineering RSSB-JE by 60% for HYSD bars. The stress in the HYSD reinforcing steel bars in tension, 6, = 360 MPa. The required development length Ld’ for HYSD bars in terms of bar diameter ‘6’ is, (@) 46.8756 (b) 89.2356 (©) 56.2136 (0) 82.3456 In limit state design, permissible bond stress in the case of deformed bars is more than that in plain bars by (a) 60% (c) 40% (b) 50% {d) 25% For bars in tension a standard hook has an anchorage value equivalent to a straight length of (a) 86 (©) 166 (0) 126 (d) 240 [Chandigarh-JE : 2016] Match List-! (Reinforcement type) with List-It (Anchorage requirement) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 Footing slab, tensile reinforcement Cantilever beam, tensile reinforcement Simply supported beam, tensile reinforcement Beam, shear stirrup List-I1 gom> by 1. into the support 2. 6ofor 195° bend 3. Lyinto the support 4, L,from the column face Codes : ABC D @13 4 2 fo) 1 2 4 8 (43 1 2 @4 2 41 3 Lap length of reinforcement in compression shall not be less than (@) 906 (b) 240 (©) 209 (a) 150 where @ = diameter of bar. The development length in compression for a 20 mm diameter deformed bar of grade Fe 415 embedded in concrete of grade M25 whose design bond stress is 1.40 Nimm?, is (a) 1489mm (b) 1289mm (©) 206mm (a) 645mm Q.9 Lapped splices in tensile reinforcement are generally not used for bars of size larger then (@) 18mm diameter (6) 24mm diameter (6) 30mm diameter (a) 36mm diameter [DDA-JE : 2018] Q.10 The development length in compression for a 20mm diameter deformed bar of grade Fe-415 embedded in conorete of grade M-25, whose design bond stress is 1.40 Nimm? is 20x0.87 415 4x1.40 20x 0.87415 ) 4x1,25 1,40 ™m 20x 0.87415 © 4x1.6x1.40 (oy 20x87 x418 4xT25x1.6x1.40 For bars in compression, the values of bond stress for bars in tension shall be increased by (@) 10% (b) 15% (©) 20% (a) 25% [Haryana-JE : 2018] Q.12 In limit stage design, permissible bond in case of deformed bars is more than t plane bars by (@) 25% (©) 45% (b) 40% (a) 60% [PMB-JE : 2018) > answer key / ,STURRNTS. LO 2 (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6 (c) 7. (b) 8 (d) 9. (a) 10. (d) mw RwMADE EPSY Design of Rec and Masonry Structure Design for Bond in Reinforced. | 493 bars in compression, the values of bond str HINTS & SOLUTIONS / ,SIURENTS. for bars in tension shall be increased by 25%. 1. COMA la Areaoot cross-section Compressive stressin the bar Ry A= 6% Ie This compressive force P, should be transferred * In footing anchorage requirements L, from from steel to concrete through bond, column face. Pe Perimeter x Lx fyg= 0 La yg + Incantilever beam anchorage requirement is Lz into the support. 1h = Ws ly te * For simply supported beam itis > into the 3 aRy support f,gi8 taken 25% more according to clause 26.2.1 A of IS 456 : 2000 in case of compression fo _ fe bet . 4x1.25hg Sha Tensile force (nn@)6,. ‘4, Should be less than permissible value, if tis er! greater than (€,_)semssiie then best economical solution is to reduce the diameter of bar and increase its number. For shear stirrup in beam anchorage length is ‘iso bond strength is dependent on the surface () 86f0r90" bend area of bar. Hence for providing the same A,, we (i) 6 for 136° bend can choose smaller diameter bars and increase (ii) 49 fr 120° bena theirnumberand hence surface areawillincrease Be Z Be Lap length in compression shall note ess than Seq 4% 1.2% Lap length in flexural tension shall be greater of we L,0r306 As per IS 456 : 2000, clause 26.2.1, for Lap length in direct tension shall be greater of 2. deformed bars, the bond stress shall be increased or 806. by 60% of the values for plain bars in tension. For where Lis the development length Bond stress (t,,) bed: