SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

2nd Semester; School Year 2020-2021

Aubrey Nicole M. Red 11-Curiosity

Name of Learner: ____________________________________ Grade Level & Section: _________________

DATE: 04/15/2021
1st Summative Test

1. Identify the most important types of interparticle forces present in the solids of each of the substances.
a. BaSO4
➢ Hydrogen bond
b. H2S
➢ Dipole-dipole forces
c. Xe
➢ London dispersion forces
d. C2H6
➢ London dispersion forces
e. CsI
➢ Ion-dipole forces
f. P4
➢ London dispersion forces
g. NH3
➢ Hydrogen bond

2. Predict which substance in each of the following pairs would have the greater intermolecular forces.
a. CO2 or OCS
b. SeO2 or SO2
c. CH3CH2CH2NH2 or H2NCH2CH2NH2
d. CH3CH3 or H2CO
e. CH3OH or H2CO

3. Consider the compounds Cl2, HCl, F2, NaF, and HF. Which compound has a boiling point closest to that of argon? Explain
➢ Argon has a low boiling point, so the molecule closest to it must also have a low boiling point from the given.
Because NaF, HCL, and HF have high boiling points, they do not have a boiling point close to Argon. Cl2 is a larger
molecule than F2, with larger london dispersion forces than F2 and thus a lower boiling point. As a result, we can
say that F2 has the closest boiling point to Argon because it has a low boiling point that is close to Argon's, NaF
has a high boiling point because it is an ionic compound, and HCL and HF both have a high boiling point. Since
argon has a very low boiling point, F2 is the closest boiling point to Argon.

4. Rationalize the difference in boiling points for each of the following pairs of substances:

a. Because the london dispersion forces bond n-pentane and neopentane, n-pentane has a higher boiling point than
neopentane. n-Pentane, on the other hand, has a larger surface area than neopentane. The greater the surface area, the
greater the attractive forces, and thus the higher the boiling point.

b. Since HF contains an electromagnetic atom (F), its molecular bonding is the hydrogen bond, whereas HCL is bonded by
the weakest bond, also known as the london dispersion forces. We can say that HF has a higher boiling point than HCL
because the hydrogen bond has a higher boiling point.

C. LiCl has the higher boiling point, since LiCl is an ionic compound that is bonded by the strongest intermolecular force,
the ion-dipole forces, and thus has a very high boiling point. HCL, on the other hand, is bonded by the weakest
intermolecular force, the london dispersion force, and thus has a low boiling point.
d. Between the two, london dispersion forces exist, with a weak attraction that lasts only a short time. Hexane molecules
attract each other more strongly than pentane molecules, requiring more energy to separate and thus raising the boiling
point. Pentane molecules attract each other less strongly than hexane molecules, requiring less energy and having a lower
boiling point. Because of this, we can say that hexane has a higher boiling point than pentane.

5. Consider the following electrostatic potential diagrams: rank the following from lowest to highest boiling point and
explain your answer.

Lowest boiling point: Propane; Middle: Acetone; Highest boiling point: Ethanol

➢ Propane is a non-polar compound that is bonded by the London dispersion forces, the weakest of the
intermolecular forces, making it the lowest boiling point of the three. Ethanol, on the other hand, is bonded by
the hydrogen bond, which is the strongest bond among the intermolecular forces, giving ethanol the highest
boiling point among the three. Acetone, on the other contrary, contains oxygen, an electromagnetic element
bonded by dipole-dipole forces that are slightly stronger than the London dispersion forces but weaker than the
hydrogen bond, putting it in the middle.

6. In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify your answer.
a. Highest boiling point: HBr, Kr, or Cl2
➢ Unlike the other compounds listed, HBr has the highest boiling point because its molecules are held together by
intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
b. Highest freezing point: H2O, NaCl, or HF
➢ A substance's freezing point is the same as its melting point. The melting points of ionic substances are the highest.
Thus, NaCl has a melting (freezing) point of of about 801°C.
c. Lowest vapor pressure at 25°C: Cl2, Br2, or I2
➢ Vapor pressure depends on molecular mass. The higher the molecular mass, the lower the vapor pressure. I2 has
the highest relative molecular mass and hence the lowest vapor pressure.
d. Lowest freezing point: N2, CO or CO2
➢ The molecule with the lowest molecular mass should have the lowest intermolecular dispersion forces and, as a
result, the lowest freezing point is N2.
e. Lowest boiling point: CH4, CH3CH3, or CH3CH2CH3
➢ The degree of dispersion forces and boiling point increase as molecular mass increases. Since CH4 has the lowest
molecular mass, it will also possess the lowest boiling point.
f. Highest boiling point: HF, HCl or HBr
➢ The larger the molecular mass and the degree of dispersion force, the higher the boiling point. Thus, HF has the
highest boiling point among the hydrogen halides because its molecular mass is large so, the intermolecular force
is also large and strong.
g. Lowest vapor pressure at 25°C: CH3CH2CH3, CH3COCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH.
➢ CH3CH2CH2OH has the lowest vapor pressure since it has the largest molecular mass and molecular forces among
the compound. So, the higher the molecular mass and intermolecular force, then the lower the pressure.

7. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a syrupy liquid with a relatively low vapor pressure and a normal boiling point of 152.2 °C.
rationalize the differences of these physical properties from those of water.
➢ Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a structure of H-O-O-H which produces greater hydrogen bonding (two OH groups)
than in water (only one O). With stronger hydrogen bonding, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has stronger
intermolecular forces and thus higher viscosity, a low vapor pressure and a higher boiling point than that of water
(H2O).

8. Explain why water forms into beads on waxed car finish

➢ Water and a waxed car are completely opposite since water is a polar molecule, whereas a waxed car is nonpolar.
Cohesive forces (the force with which a substance sticks together) are stronger than adhesive forces (the force
with which a substance sticks to another substance); a waxed car has low adhesive forces with water, so water
 beads up on the surface as a result of cohesion and surface tension. This reduces the amount of contact between
water and metal, thereby reducing rust.

9. Consider separate 1.0L samples of He(g) and UF6, both at 1.00atm and containing the same number of moles. What
ratio of temperatures for the two samples would produce the same root mean square velocity?

3𝑅𝑇
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √
𝑀
From here, we set;
3𝑅𝑇𝐻𝑒 3𝑅𝑇𝑈𝐹6
𝑉𝐻𝑒 = √ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑈𝐹6 = √
𝑀𝐻𝑒 𝑀𝑈𝐹6

If the gases have the same speed, then we set;

𝑉𝐻𝑒 = 𝑉𝑈𝐹6

3𝑅𝑇𝐻𝑒 3𝑅𝑇𝑈𝐹6
√ =√
𝑀𝐻𝑒 𝑀𝑈𝐹6

𝑇𝐻𝑒 𝑇𝑈𝐹6
=
𝑀𝐻𝑒 𝑀𝑈𝐹6

Re-arrange the expression, we get:

𝑇𝐻𝑒 𝑀𝐻𝑒
=
𝑇𝑈𝐹6 𝑀𝑈𝐹6

𝑇𝐻𝑒 4.003 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

=
𝑇𝑈𝐹6 352.02 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Therefore, the ratio of temperatures for the two samples:

𝑇𝐻𝑒
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟒
𝑇𝑈𝐹6

Take the reciprocal to re-express this as:

𝑇𝑈𝐹6
= 𝟖𝟕. 𝟗𝟒
𝑇𝐻𝑒

Therefore, the absolute temperature (in Kelvins) of UF6 has to be 87.94 times higher than He in order to have the same
root mean square velocities.

10. Explain why vaccines are important and why there are some afraid of having vaccines into their body. You may cite
some examples from news articles, research studies, testimonies, or blogs etc.

Vaccination is a simple, safe, and effective way of protecting people from potentially fatal diseases before they
come into contact with them. It strengthens your immune system by utilizing your body's natural defenses to build
resistance to specific infections. That is why, now more than ever, we need vaccines. Immunization is a key component of
primary health care and a fundamental human right. It's also one of the best health investments money can buy. Vaccines
are recommended for children, teens, and adults based on a variety of factors such as age, health status, lifestyle, job, and
travel. Vaccination is a critical step in protecting those that are most vulnerable to illness. Vaccination is a crucial step in
protecting those who are most vulnerable to illness. Vaccination is important because it not only protects the person who
gets it, but it also helps to prevent diseases from spreading to others, such as family members, neighbors, classmates, and
other members of your community. Some people, such as the seriously ill, are advised not to get certain vaccines, so they
rely on the rest of us to get vaccinated and help reduce disease spread.
Despite their existing benefits and future potential, vaccines continue to be plagued by perception and adoption
issues. People may be skeptical of vaccines, be perplexed by them, or become complacent, believing that certain diseases
are no longer a threat. There are also people who have trypanophobia, which is an extreme fear and avoidance of
injections or having blood drawn – the thought of a needle puncturing their skin sends shivers down their spine, which is
why they refuse to have a vaccination.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination continues to be critically important. Many people have died as a result
of the COVID-19 pandemic, and many more are at risk. It has also wreaked havoc on the economy, leaving many Filipinos
unemployed or underemployed. With the availability of COVID-19 vaccines that can prevent symptomatic infection and
possibly severe infection as well as transmission, we have the opportunity to stay ahead of the virus. However, as with
many vaccines used in previous decades, the protective effect on our community is only maximized when at least 70% of
the population is vaccinated. As a matter of fact, it is not just about getting you or your family vaccinated; it is also about
preparing your barangay, city, and province for it. Furthermore, the pandemic has reduced the number of children
receiving routine immunizations, potentially leading to an increase in illness and death from preventable diseases. Despite
the challenges posed by COVID-19, WHO has urged countries to continue providing essential immunization and health
services.