COURSE CODE: IT 112 –

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 1
Module 3

Week 4-5 : September 21-30, 2020 / October 1-4, 2020

1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021

Introduction
 This course covers the use of C programming language to solve problems. The emphasis
is to train students to design, implement, test, and debug programs intended to solve
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computing problems using fundamental programming constructs. Topics covered includes

variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, control loops, functions, arrays,
strings, pointers, and structures.
Intended Learning Outcomes

 Know the program structure and basic syntax used in C++

 Implement program compilation and implementation

Topic
C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance
applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.

The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11, C++14,
and C++17.

Why Use C++

C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and
embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to

programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.
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– Structure of a program
• The previous program is the typical program that
programmer apprentices write for the first time, and its result
is the printing on screen of the "Hello World!" sentence.
• It is one of the simplest programs that can be written in C++,
but it already contains the fundamental components that
every C++ program has.
– Structure of a program
– // my first program in C++
• This is a comment line.
• All lines beginning with two slash signs (//) are considered
comments and do not have any effect on the behavior of
the program.
• The programmer can use them to include short
explanations or observations within the source code
itself.
– #include <iostream>
• Lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are directives for the
preprocessor.
• They are not regular code lines with expressions but
indications for the compiler's preprocessor.
• In this case the directive #include <iostream> tells the
preprocessor to include the iostream standard file.
• This specific file (iostream) includes the declarations of the
basic standard input-output library in C++, and it is included
because its functionality is going to be used later in the
 program.
– using namespace std;
• All the elements of the standard C++ library are
declared within what is called a namespace, the
namespace with the name std.

• In order to access its functionality we declare with

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this expression that we will be using these entities.

– int main ()
• This line corresponds to the beginning of the
definition of the main function.
• The main function is the point by where all C++ programs start
their execution, independently of its location within the
source code.
• It does not matter whether there are other functions with
other names defined before or after it – the instructions
contained within this function's definition will always be the
first ones to be executed in any C++ program.

– cout << "Hello World!";

• This line is a C++ statement.
• A statement is a simple or compound expression
that can actually produce some effect.
• This statement performs the only action that
generates a visible effect in our first program.
• cout represents the standard output stream in C++

– int main ()
• The word main is followed in the code by a pair of
parentheses (()). That is because it is a function
declaration: In C++, what differentiates a function
declaration from other types of expressions are these
parentheses that follow its name.
• Right after these parentheses we can find the body
of the main function enclosed in braces ({}).
 • What is contained within these braces is what the
function does when it is executed.

– cout << "Hello World!";

• the meaning of the entire statement is to insert a
sequence of characters (in this case the Hello World
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sequence of characters) into the standard output

stream (which usually is the screen)
• cout is declared in the iostream standard file within the std
namespace, so that's why we needed to include that specific
file and to declare that we were going to use this specific
namespace earlier in our code.

– cout << "Hello World!";

• Notice that the statement ends with a semicolon
character (;)
• This character is used to mark the end of the statement and
in fact it must be included at the end of all expression
statements in all C++ programs (one of the most common
syntax errors is indeed to forget to include some semicolon
after a statement).

– return 0;
• The return statement causes the main function to finish.
• return may be followed by a return code (in our
example is followed by the return code 0).
• return code of 0 for the main function is generally
interpreted as the program worked as expected without
any errors during its execution.
• Structure of a program
– You may have noticed that not all the lines of this program
perform actions when the code is executed.
– There were lines containing only comments (those beginning
by //). There were lines with directives for the compiler's
preprocessor (those beginning by #).
– Then there were lines that began the declaration of a function (in
 this case, the main function) and, finally lines with statements (like
the insertion into cout), which were all included within the block
delimited by the braces ({}) of the main function.
– The program has been structured in different lines in order to be
more readable, but in C++, we do not have strict rules on how to
separate instructions in different lines.

TRY THIS!
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Is it necessary to have a any prior knowledge in programming before learning

C++?

Reference