ECE-2002-Analog Electronic Circuits

J COMPONENT
Reverse Car Parking

Presented By:
SRI P KANTHAN 19BEC0782
AJITHESH S 19BEC0768
HARI NARHAYANAA US
19BEC0728
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.Objective of the Project

2.Introduction
3.Innovation component in the project
4.Circuit Diagram and Components
description
5.Methodology
6.Results and Discussion
7.Conclusion
8.Future Work
9.References
 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to create a fully working
reverse car parking system which can detect any
obstacle and the distance between car and obstacle and
then send the information to the user in a user friendly
manner.

INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this car parking assistant is it can
protect your car from any damage while reverse
parking. It indicates the distance of car from any object
and raise an alarm when it reaches close to the wall or
the object and needs to be stopped.
The sensors emit acoustic pulses, with a control unit
measuring the return interval of each reflected signal
and calculating object distances. The system in turns
warns the driver with acoustic tones, so the driver can
reverse the car safely without giving any damage to the
car.
Another main motivation of this project is this also
helps the newly introduced to driving people so that
they can reverse their mobile vehicles without worrying
about the damage.
 INNOVATION
COMPONENT
In this project we use an op-amp called LM358. LM358
is a dual low noise operational amplifier which has two
op-amp in a single chip. This is a general-purpose op-
amp which can be configured in many modes like
comparator, summer, integrator, amplifier,
differentiator, inverting mode, non- inverting mode and
many more.
We use IR sensors to detect the obstacle and calculate
the distance between it and the car. The sensor does this
by shooting IR rays towards the obstacle and detect the
reflected rays.
We also use 3 LEDs to convey the distance
calculations(distance between obstacle and car) to the
user in the easiest and cheapest way possible.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS
REQUIRED
IC LM358-2
10k Resistor -1
1k Resistor -3
10k potentiometer -3
150Ω Resistor -1
Breadboard -1
9V Battery - 1
LED -3
IRPair-1 / LDR(simulation only)
 METHODOLOGY
BLOCK DIAGRAM

EXPLANATION
In this car parking circuit, we have used an IR
pair for detecting obstacle and two LM358 dual
comparator IC’s for comparing voltages.
Comparator configured in non-inverting mode
and 10 K potentiometer is connected at its
inverting terminal for adjusting reference voltage
and IR receiver’s output is directly connected at
non-inverting pins of all comparators.
One red LED is connected at output of U1: B
IC(LM358), a yellow LED is connected at
output pin of U2: A IC(LM358) and a green
LED is connected at output pin of U2: B
IC(LM358) through a 1K resistor.
 WORKING
This system is placed at the rear of the car and
sensor’s front side toward the obstacle (wall).
Now suppose car is moving back toward the
wall or obstacle in the parking slot. If distance
between car and obstacle is more than 15 cm
then no LED will glow.
Now if car moves toward the obstacle and
suppose green light turned ON, it means car is
about 15 cm away from the obstacle.
Now car is moving more close toward the
obstacle and yellow light appears or turned on it
means car is about 10 cm away from the
obstacle.
Now car is moving closer toward the obstacle
and red light appears it means car is about 5 cm
away from the obstacle.
Red light indicates that the car needs to stop now
otherwise car may be damaged.
 RESULTS
Distance about 15 cm

Distance about 10 cm
Distance about 5 cm
 CONCLUSION
After extensive observation we find that, at a greater
distance, for instance, greater than 15 cm, no LEDs are
switched on as the rays returning back don’t provide
enough potential difference to light any LED. Hence,
the car is at a safe distance from the obstacle.
When the distance is about 15 cm, the potential
difference increases to a point that it leads to power the
green LED. At about 10 cm, yellow LED switches on
which alerts the driver that the obstacle is closing in
towards the car. Then at nearly at 5cm, the rays are
strong enough to power the red LED, hence, telling the
driver to immediately stop the vehicle and preventing it
from inflicting any damage. And thus, successfully
accomplishing its task.
 FUTURE WORK
We can use this project as a base component in
several applications. Some of them are as
follows-
In Self Driving cars, we can use IR transmitter
receiver to avoid any damage and ensuring a
safe automated driving experience. If the car
loses the distance between any object, the speed
will automatically slow down.
We can also make a much vaster project by adding
camera along with mapping and LED display, hence,
parking job can be easily executed and more precisely.
 REFERENCE
https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/reverse-car-
parking-circuit

Chandni Patel, Monalisa Swami, Priya Saxena and Sejal

Shah,”Car parking system”, International Journal of
Engineering Science and Innovative Technology
(IJESIT), Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2015

Holve, R., & Protzel, P. (1996). Reverse parking

of a model car with fuzzy control. In Proceedings
of the 4th European Congress on Intelligent
Techniques and Soft Computing (pp. 2171-
2175).