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Argentometry PPT Titration

K2CrO4 indicator is used because it forms insoluble precipitate with silver ion (Ag2CrO4) which is red in colour and indicates the end point of titration. The solubility products (Ksp) of AgCl and Ag2CrO4 indicate their relative solubilities. Ag2CrO4 has lower solubility and will start precipitating after complete precipitation of AgCl, indicating the end point. The permissible limit of chloride in drinking water is 250 mg/L. The major chlorides found in sea water are sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), potassium chloride (KCl). Three insoluble chloride salts are - silver chloride (AgCl

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Sayan Roy
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1K views5 pages

Argentometry PPT Titration

K2CrO4 indicator is used because it forms insoluble precipitate with silver ion (Ag2CrO4) which is red in colour and indicates the end point of titration. The solubility products (Ksp) of AgCl and Ag2CrO4 indicate their relative solubilities. Ag2CrO4 has lower solubility and will start precipitating after complete precipitation of AgCl, indicating the end point. The permissible limit of chloride in drinking water is 250 mg/L. The major chlorides found in sea water are sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), potassium chloride (KCl). Three insoluble chloride salts are - silver chloride (AgCl

Uploaded by

Sayan Roy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Experiment no: 1 Date of Experiment: 04/05/2021

Name: Sayan Roy

Section: C Stream: CSE Roll No: 51 [10900120025] Date of Submission: 10/05/2021

Determination of Chloride Content of Water by Mohr’s Argentometric


Method
Theory:

Chlorides are found in water generally in form of sodium, potassium or magnesium salts
and are counted as inorganic impurities. The total concentration of chloride in a water sample is
determined by argentometric method. The water sample is titrated against a standard silver
nitrate solution (AgNO3) in presence of K2CrO4 indicator. In course of titration the silver ion
reacts with chlorides present in water sample to produce white precipitate of AgCl. It also reacts
with K2CrO4 indicator to produce red precipitate of Ag2CrO4.

Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (white precipitate) (Ksp1 = 1.5 x 10-10)

2Ag+ + CrO42- Ag2CrO4 (red precipitate) (Ksp2 = 2.4 x 10-12)

Where the Ksp values in parenthesis indicate their respective solubility products (the greatest
possible value of ionic product for a saturated solution, beyond which precipitation occurs). If
the solubility of the solids is indicated by S1 and S2

Then, or, or,

or, or,
Thus solubility of Ag2CrO4 being more than that of AgCl, the former will start to precipitate
after complete precipitation of later. So, during the titration the solution will be turbid due to
appearance of AgCl and the equivalence point of the precipitation titration is indicated by the
appearance of red colour (Ag2CrO4) from yellow colour (K2CrO4). From this titre value
concentration of total chloride can be calculated. In this experiment chloride content of distilled
water is used as reference (called blank correction).

Chemicals:

1) Standard (N/50) AgNO3 solution


2) K2CrO4 indicator

Apparatus:

1) Burette (50mL)-1
2) Pipette (10mL)-1
3) Conical flask (250mL)-2
4) Measuring cylinder (100mL)- 1
5) Beaker - 100 mL × 2; 250mL × 1

Procedure:

5 mL of sample water is taken in a concal flask and 3-4 drops of K2CrO4 indicator is
added. It was then titrated against standard (N/50) AgNO3 solution. during the titration the
solution will be turbid due to appearance of AgCl and the equivalence point of the precipitation
titration is indicated by the appearance of red colour (Ag2CrO4) from yellow colour (K2CrO4). d
The titre value is recorded.

10 mL of distilled water is taken in a conical flask and the above process is repeated.

Difference of these two titre value gives the volume of AgNO3 for total chloride content.
Experimental Data:

(1) Recording of room temperature


Initial temperature Final Temperature Mean temperature
(°C) (°C) (°C)
26 26 26
(2) Titration for blank correction (distilled water)

No. of Volume of distilled Burette reading for AgNO 3 required Mean volume
observation water (mL) of AgNO 3
Initial Burette Final Burette Volume required (mL)
reading (mL) reading (mL) required (mL)

1 10.0 1.0 1.5 0.5

2 10.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.5

(3) Titration for estimation of chloride

No. of Volume of sample Burette reading for AgNO 3 required Mean volume
observation water (mL) of AgNO 3
Initial Burette Final Burette Volume required (mL)
reading (mL) reading (mL) required (mL)

1 5.0 1.5 4.5 3.0

2 5.0 1.5 4.5 3.0 3.0

Calculation:

Equivalent weight of Chloride = 35.5

Strength of AgNO 3 solution supplied (S) = 0.0141 (N)

Volume of AgNO 3 solution required for blank correction (V2) = 0.5 mL


Volume of AgNO 3 solution required for chloride estimation (V1) = 3.0 mL

Volume required for reaction of chloride (V) = (V1-V2) mL = 2.5 mL

1000 mL of 1 (N) AgNO 3 solution ≡ 35.5 gm chloride

1 mL of 1 (N) AgNO 3 solution ≡ 35.5 mg chloride

V mL of S (N) AgNO 3 solution ≡ 35.5 × V × S mg chloride

Therefore, total chloride content = mg/L

= 250.275 mg/L

= 250.28 ppm

Conclusion:

The concentration of chloride in water sample is found to be 250.28 ppm at 26 °C

Discussion:

1) All the apparatus are cleaned properly.

2) In this experiment, the pH of the water sample must be in between 7-8, because at lower
pH K2CrO4 is converted to K2Cr2O7.

3) Although chlorides are not so harmful, but presence of excess chloride in water imparts a
peculiar taste. Nonetheless, chlorine is a widely used reagent for treatment of water;
particularly for processing drinking water. Thus estimation of chloride which can be
present as a result of reduction of available chlorine in water sample is necessary.

Answer the following questions (attach extra sheet if necessary):

1. Why potassium chromate indicator is used in this experiment?


2. Explain the importance of solubility product in the experiment
3. What is the permissible limit of chloride in drinking water?
4. What are the chlorides found commonly in sea water?
5. Mention three insoluble chloride salts.
6. What are the differences between “chloride in water” and “available chlorine in water” ?

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