Grade 7- Science

Q4- Week 2

ORIENTAL MINDORO
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Protection and Conservation of

Natural resources

CRISTIA F. ROJAS
[email protected]
What is this module all about?
This module is all about The Philippine Environment. The Philippine is rich in
natural resources and biodiversity. In this chapter, you will learn about the following
topics.
LESSON 1. Water Resources and Biodiversity
LESSON 2. Soil, Rocks and Mineral Resources in the Philippines
LESSON 3. Energy Resources
LESSON 4. Conserving and Protecting Natural Resources

CONTENT STANDARD: Demonstrate an understanding of the relation of geographical location

of the Philippines to its environment
LEARNING COMPETENCY: The learners should be able to describe ways of using Earth's
resources sustainably;
SUBJECT MATTER: The Philippine Environment (S7ES-IVb-4)

Lesson Objectives
After you go through this module, you are expected to;
1. identify the different natural resources in the Philippines,
2. determine how latitude position affect the resources in the Philippines,
3. analyze different ways to sustain natural resources.
4. appreciate the importance of natural resources in daily life.

How to do it?
I know you are excited to learn the new topic but in order to do it successfully, you
need to do the following:

1. Read and follow the instructions carefully.

2. Be sure to read all the topics before moving to a new one.
3. Always be honest and work diligently.
4. Answer the activities, and sum up test.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

WHAT IS RESOURCES?
RESOURCES are things that can be used for
support, help, or drawn on when needed or
things used by people to survive or satisfy
needs.
EXAMPLE: air, water, plants, animals, soil,
rocks, minerals, crude oil, and other fossil
fuels, sunlight, wind, car, houses, clothes,
jewelry, and money
TYPES OF RESOURCES
1. Man made or resources made by humans
2. Natural resources

The Philippines boasts of many different kinds of natural water forms, such as bays, rivers,
lakes, falls, gulfs, straits, and swamps. Because it is made up of islands, the country's coastline
(seashore) if laid end-to-end, would measure around 17.5 thousand kilometers.

2 LAGRGEST BODIES OF WATER:

1. Pacific Ocean (EAST)

2. South China Sea (WEST)

These bodies of water are the origin of typhoons which on the average, according to
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), is
about 20 a year. Typhoons and the monsoons (amihan and habagat) bring lots of rain to the
Philippines.

What is your association with too much rainfall?

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1. domestic purposes for irrigation and 1. Flooding
industries. 2. Landslides
2. We need water to generate electricity. 3. health related-problems.
3. We use water for recreation or its
aesthetic value.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 Where does water in your community come from?

Where does water from rivers, lakes, and springs, etc, originate?

WATERSHED
• An area of land on a slope which drains its
water into a stream and its tributaries (small
streams that supply water to a main stream).
• Catchment area or drainage basin. It includes
the surface of the land and the underground
rock formation drained by the stream.
• The production of a continuous water supply
that would maintain the life forms within it
and in the area fed by its stream.
• Watersheds come in all shapes and sizes. They
cross towns and provinces. In other parts of
the world, they may cross national
boundaries.

WATER RESOURCES AND BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
It includes habitat and ecosystem. The right temperature
and abundant rainfall explain partly why our country is
considered to be a megadiverse country. This means that we
have high diversity of plants and animals, both on land and
in water. There are 52,177 described species of which more
than half is found nowhere else in the world.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 WATERSHED IN THE PHILIPPINES

Mt. Apo in Davao-Cotabato Makiling-Banahaw in Laguna and Quezon

Tiwi in Albay La Mesa Dam in Metro Manila

Pantabangan Dam in Pampanga Angat Dam in Bulacan

Maria Cristina Falls in Iligan City

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 ACTIVITY 1

Where does water in your community come from?

Instruction: Search your answer from the word hunt below.

WORD BANK

Waterfall Bay Ocean strait Spring

Wetland Deepwell Pond Lake River

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 ACTIVITY 2

How Can We Protect Our Watershed?

Instruction: Analyze the statement below. Put  if it is a way to protect the watershed and  if it
is NOT.

_________________1. Conserve water every day.

_________________2. Take shorter showers, fix leaks & turn off the water when not in use.

_________________3. Pour toxic household chemicals down the drain; take them to a
hazardous waste center.

_________________4. Use hardy plants that require little or no watering, fertilizers or

pesticides in your yard.

_________________5. Do not over used the water supply.

_________________6. Never use glass when brushing teeth.

_________________7. Use surfaces like wood, brick or gravel for decks & walkways, which
allows rain to soak in and not run off.

_________________8. Never pour used oil or antifreeze into the storm drain or the street.

_________________9. Pick up the dog dang, and dispose it into the moving water.

_________________10. Drive less—walk or bike; many pollutants in our waters come from car
exhaust and car leaks.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 What is soil?

Soil formed when rocks and other materials

near the Earth’s surface are broken down by a
number of processes collectively called
weathering.

WEATHERING

It is the process by which rocks are chemically altered or

physically broken down into fragment at or near Earth’s
surface
1. mechanical weathering-the process of physically
breaking rock into smaller fragment..
2. Chemical Weathering –a process in which rock is
broken down by chemical reaction.

2. On cooling, at night time, outer part

1. When the piece of rock is exposed of the rock contracts or shrink.
to the sun, its outer part expands.

3. Once broken down, water enters the

4. Air also enters the cracks, and oxygen cracks causing some minerals to
in the air combines with some dissolve.
elements. Once soft and broken,
bacteria and small plants start to grow
in the cracks of the rocks
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
 FACTORS ACTING TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO FORM SOIL

CLIMATE
A. TEMPERATURE –controls how fast chemical reaction occur.
NOTE: mature soil have more silt and clay on or near the surface.
B. RAINFALL –water directly affect the movement of soluble soil nutrient from the
top soil to deep ender the ground (leaching).
-acidic rainwater may also contribute to the loss of minerals in
soil resulting in low field.

What is Minerals?

Minerals are naturally occurring, nonliving, solid with

definite structure and composition.

“2 Types of Mineral Deposit”

1. METALLIC –generally opaque and exhibit a

resplendent shine similar to a polished metal.
2. NON-METALLIC –vitreous (glassy) adamantine
(brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly,
dull (earthy), greasy etc.

Minerals Found in Various Parts of the Philippines

Metallic Non-metallic

- Gold - Sand
- Copper - Gravel
- Iron - Limestone Philippine Listed as the;
- Chromite - Marble th
- Nickel - Clay - 5 mineral country in the world
rd
- Cobalt platinum - Other quarry materials - 3 in Gold reserves
th
- 4 in copper
th
- 5 in nickel

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 The richness of the Philippines in terms of mineral resources is being attributed to its
location in the so called- Pacific Ring of Fire. This area is associated with over 450 volcanoes and
is home to approximately 75% of the World’s active volcanoes.

Geologists (scientists who study the Earth and the processes that occur in and on it)
explain that there is a continuous source of heat deep under the Earth; this melts rocks and other
materials. The mixture of molten or semi-molten materials is called magma. Because magma is
hotter and lighter than the surrounding rocks, it rises, melting some of the rocks it passes on the
way. If the magma finds a way to the surface, it will erupt as lava. Lava flow is observed in erupting
volcanoes.
But the rising magma does not always reach the surface to erupt. Instead, it may slowly
cool and harden beneath the volcano and form different kinds of igneous rocks. Under favorable
temperature and pressure conditions, the metal-containing rocks continuously melt and
redeposit, eventually forming rich-mineral veins.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 ACTIVITY 3

What to do ?

Read the descriptions of the processes involved in soil formation (column A) and match it with
the illustration (column B). Write the letter of your answer from the space provided before the
number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
Processes of soil formation Illustrations

_____1. When a piece of rock is exposed to the Sun, its

outer part expands (becomes bigger) because it heats
A.
up faster than the inner part.

_____2. On cooling, at night time, the outer part of the

rock contracts or shrinks because the outer part of the
B.
rock cools faster than the inner portion (Drawing B).
The process of expansion and contraction are repeated
over the years and produce cracks in the rock causing
the outer surface to break off.

_____3. Once broken, water enters the cracks causing

some minerals to dissolve. The rock breaks apart
C.
further.

_____4. Air also enters the cracks, and oxygen in the air
combines with some elements such as iron to produce
D.
iron oxide (rust or kalawang) which is brittle and will
easily peel off. In a similar way, carbon dioxide from the
air reacts with water to form an acid causing the rock to
soften further. Once soft and broken, bacteria and
small plants start to grow in the cracks of the rock.
After some time, the dead plants and animals die and
decay causing the formation of more acidic substances
which further breaks the rocks. The dead bodies of
plants and animals are acted upon by microorganism
and breakdown into smaller compounds while the
minerals from the rock return to the soil.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 Imagine how difficult the world is without
energy. Why do we need energy resources?

Energy is very important thing in this world.

We use different energy sources to generate the
electricity we need for our homes, schools,
businesses and factories. We also use energy to run
cars, planes, trains, buses and motorcycles.

1. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal energy is heat derived within the

sub-surface of the earth. It can be used for heating
and cooling purposes or be harnessed to generate
clean electricity.
The Philippines ranked second to the United
States in terms of geothermal energy deposits.
Geothermal power plants are located in Banahaw-
Makiling, Laguna, Tiwi in Albay, Bacman in Sorsogon,
Palimpinon in Negros Occidental, Tongonan in Leyte,
and Mt. Apo side of Cotabato.

2. WIND ENERGY
Wind energy (or win power) describes the
process by which wind is used to generate electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind
into mechanical power. A generator can convert
mechanical power into electricity.
In Quirino, Ilocos Sur the electricity generated
from wind mills runs a motorized sugarcane press for
the community's muscovado sugar production. In
Bangui, Ilocos Norte, the windmills as high as 50 meters
not only help improve the tourism in Ilocos but it also
provides 40% of the energy requirements for electricity in the entire province. This proves
that we do not have to be dependent on fossil fuel in our country.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

3. HYDROELECTRIC POWER

Hydroelectric energy is a form of renewable energy

that uses the power of moving water to generate
electricity.
They provide for 27% of total electricity production in
the country. Ambuklao in Benguet, Mt Province, Agus in
Lanao del Sur and Agus in Lanao del Norte are large
hydrothermal power plants. Small hydroelectric power
plants are in Caliraya, Laguna, Magat in Isabela, Loboc in
Bohol, and other places.

4. FOSSIL FUEL

In the Philippines, we have coal and natural gas

deposits. Coal is a black or brownish black, solid rock that
can be burned. It contains about 40% noncombustible
components, thus a source of air pollution when used as
fuel. Coal deposits are scattered over the Philippines but
the largest deposit is located in Semirara Island, Antique.
Coal mines are also located in Cebu, Zamboanga
Sibuguey, Albay, Surigao, and Negros Provinces.
Our natural gas deposits are found offshore of
Palawan the Malampaya Deepwater. It provides 40-45%
of Luzon's power generation requirements. The
Department of Energy reports that since October 2001,
the Philippines has been importing less petroleum for
electricity generation, providing the country foreign-
exchange savings and energy security from this clean
fuel.

5. SOLAR POWER
Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into
thermal or electrical energy. Solar energy is the cleanest and
most abundant renewable energy source available. Solar
energy is free but the cost of production is expensive and
requires a large area to collect them.
The Philippines ranked No. 1 among developing countries
in Asia in terms of the use of solar photovoltaic systems for
electricity generation, according to a Dutch consultancy firm.
Major solar farms in the Philippines can be found in Cavite,
Pampanga, Ilocos Norte, and Cagayan de Oro.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 ACTIVITY 4

Instruction: Answer the following crossword. Choose your answer from the word provided
after the question.

WORD BANK:
HYDROELECTRIC GEOTHERMAL
SOLAR ENERGY COAL
WIND ENERGY

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

What is natural resources?

Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the
Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural
resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are
beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural
resources.

EXAMPLE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

 Air  Minerals  Trees
 Animals  Natural Gas  Sunlight
 Soil  Oil  Water
 Coal  Plants  Energy

TYPES OF NATURAL RESOURCES

RENEWABLE
It is a natural resources that can be regenerated or
replaced by ecological processes on a relevant timescale.

NON-RENEWABLE
It is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by
natural means at a quick enough pace to keep up with consumption.
Most of those resources are found inside the earth, and they took
millions of years to form.

10 Simple Things You Can Do to Help Protect the Earth

1. Reduce, reuse and recycle: Cut down on what you throw away. Follow the three “R’s”
to conserve natural resources and landfills space.
2. Volunteer: Volunteer for cleanups in your community. You can get involved in
protecting your watershed, too.
3. Educate: When further your own education, you can help others understand the
importance and value of our natural resources.
4. Conserve water: The less water you see, the less runoff and waste water that eventually
end up in the ocean.
5. Choose sustainable: Learn how to make and use things smart and knowledgeable.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

6. Shop wisely: Buy less plastic and bring a reusable shopping bag.
7. Use long- lasting light bulb: Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas
emission. Also flip the light switch off when you leave the room.
8. Plant a tree: Trees provide food and oxygen. They help save energy, clean the air and
help combat climate change.
9. Din’t send chemicals into our waterways: Choose non-toxic chemical in the home and
office.
10. Bike more: Drive less.

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

 ACTIVITY 5

Conservation of Natural Resources

Instruction: Analyze the following.

A. Complete the table below write R if the materials is renewable and NR if it is nonrenewable.
B. Using the word bank, list down the product or services that we get from the different
materials.

NATURAL RENEWABLE/ PRODUCTS OR SERVICES

RESOURCE NON RENEWABLE
1. Air
2. Animals
3. Coal
4. Minerals
5. Natural Gas
6. Oil
7. Plants
8. Sunlight
9. Water
10. soil

WORD BANK

Wind energy Fruits Electricity Wood steel

jewelry Food Coins Can photosynthesis
tires Solar power cleaning Paper wire
vegetables clothing heating Fuel for cars Drinking
Hydroelectric Agriculture Building Pottery medicine
energy

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

C. Complete the table. Sample answers in italics are provided in the table below.

Activities Effects on Natural Resources

When roads are built, mountains are blown off Damage natural habitats and/or kill plants and
using dynamite. animals.
Rice fields are turned into residential or
commercial centers.
People cut too many trees for lumber or paper
or building houses.
More factories are being built to keep up with
the demands of a fast growing population and
industrialization.
Too much mining and quarrying for the purpose
of getting precious metals and stones and gravel.
Some farmers use too much chemical fertilizers Too much fertilizer destroys the quality of the
to replenish soil fertility. soil and is harmful to both human and animals.
Plastics and other garbage are burned. Cars,
trucks, and tricycles that emit dark smoke
(smoke belchers) are allowed to travel.
Other activities :
What can you do to conserve resources?

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

Instruction: Answer the following carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. What are natural resources?

These are materials or elements from the environment that people
A. did not create C. use to meet their needs
B. invented for themselves D. observe using a scientific equipment
2. What do you call a resource that people can use again and again but its supply can be
replaced?
A. renewable B. recyclable C. reliable D. unlimited
3. What two factors have the greatest influence on soil formation?
A. temperature and rainfall C. kind of soil particles and temperature
B. slope of the land and rainfall D. reforestation and use of compost as
fertilizer
4. Which pair of resources is renewable?
A. cotton and leather C. coal and solar energy
B. aluminum and iron D. soil and minerals
5. Why are coal, petroleum, and natural gas considered nonrenewable resources if they
were produced from plant and animal remains?
A. t takes a very long time to produce them.
B. Using them results in environmental problems.
C. They are difficult to locate and explore from Earth.
D. The Philippines is dependent on supply from other countries.
6. The following are advantage of too much rainfall except;
A. domestic purposes for irrigation and industries.
B. We need water to generate electricity.
C. We use water for recreation or its aesthetic value.
D. Health related problem
7. Which of the following resources can be found in land?
A. Shells B. fish C. Mountains D. straits
8. Which of the following resource can be found in water?
A. Corals B. lakes C. river D. all of them
9. You see pieces of cardboard, empty softdrink cans, and a broken wooden chair dumped
in a vacant lot. What resources were used in producing these materials?
A. Metals B. Trees C. plant pigment D. all of them
10. Which of the following objects are made of materials produced from mines?
A. Jewelry B. Chairs C. medicine D. leather

C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020

REFERENCE:
• https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:xXoVNd8bpzIJ:https://www.
irena.org/geothermal+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph
• https://openei.org/wiki/Wind_energy
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/hydroelectric-energy/
• https://business.inquirer.net/243407/ph-5th-worldwide-top-asia-solar-power
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-natural-resources-definition-lesson-
quiz.html
• https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ocean/earthday.html
• SCIENCE 7 LM
• SCIENCE 7 TG

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