Tribhuvan University 

   
SARASWATI MULTIPLE CAMPUS

Department of BCA
  Assignment No: 2

    
      Submitted by                                           Submitted To 
Name: Amit Neupane                                   Deepak Poudel
Roll no: 21
Contents
1. Software:............................................................................................................................................3
i. System Software:............................................................................................................................3
ii. Application Software:.....................................................................................................................4
a) General Purpose Software:.......................................................................................................4
b) Customized Software:................................................................................................................4
c) Utility Software:.........................................................................................................................4
2. Virus...................................................................................................................................................4
i. Types of Viruses:.............................................................................................................................4
 Boot Sector Virus.......................................................................................................................4
 Web scripting virus:..................................................................................................................5
 Overwrite Virus:........................................................................................................................5
 Resident virus:...........................................................................................................................5
 Direct-action virus:....................................................................................................................5
 Polymorphic virus:....................................................................................................................5
 File infector virus:......................................................................................................................5
 Macro virus:...............................................................................................................................5
Uses of antivirus:....................................................................................................................................5
Application Software:...............................................................................................................................6
 Word Processing Software:.............................................................................................................6
 Database software:.........................................................................................................................6
 Spreadsheet Software:....................................................................................................................6
 1. Software:
Generally, software is a set of instructions and data given to the computer to make it
functional.
Software gives instructions to every computer hardware what to do and how to execute the tasks
given by a user. Hardware and software need each other to complete a task given by a user.
Software plays a vital role in giving the instruction to hardware being a middle man between
hardware and a user. Usually there are two types of software: Application and System Software.

i. System Software:
System software is a low-level programming language software which is also
known as the bridge between a user and hardware. It provides the basic
functionality to the users as well as to the other software to operate smoothly. It is
also known as the platform on which application software operates. Comparison
to application software it is less interactive for the users. There are various types
of system software such as: OS (Operating System), Language processor, Device
driver.

a. OS (Operating Software):
It is the main software which is very essential for a computer to run on.
The first software that loads into memory is OS because it is the place
where every other software can operate. The examples of OS are: Mac OS,
Windows (98, 2000, 10, 8, 11, XP),
Linux, Ubuntu etc.
b. Language Processor:
Language processor converts programs written in high-level programming
languages like Java, C, C++, Python, etc. (known as source code), into
 sets of instructions that are easily readable by machines (known as object
code or machine code).
c. Device Driver:
When we connect a new device with our computer system, first we need to
install the driver of that device so that our operating system knows how to
control or manage that device the installed driver is known as device
driver. It helps in proper functioning of that device.

ii. Application Software:

Application software are the software usually designed to fulfill the requirement
of a user of certain functions and to complete certain tasks given by user. Various
kinds of application software are word processing software, payroll software,
database management etc. Types of application software are:

a) General Purpose Software:

This type of application software is used for a variety of tasks and
it is not limited to performing a specific task only. For example, MS-
Word, MS-Excel, PowerPoint, etc.
b) Customized Software:
This kind of software are made to fulfill needs of user in certain types of
tasks. For example: Content management systems, Bug tracking software etc.
c) Utility Software:
These kinds of software are made to optimize, troubleshoot and
maintain the performance by a computer. Usually, utility software
provides support to the computer infrastructure. Antivirus, disk defrag,
cleanup etc. are utility software.

2. Virus
Computer virus are a kind of software which replicates itself by modifying other
computer programs and inserting its own code and if the modification is successful the stored
data in the computer is stolen, corrupted etc. Viruses can be spread through email and text
message attachments, Internet file downloads, and social media scam links. To avoid contact
with a virus, it’s important to exercise caution when surfing the web, downloading files, and
opening links or attachments. We can also install different kinds of firewall software, antivirus
software for being safe from computer viruses.

i. Types of Viruses:
 Boot Sector Virus
This type of virus can take control when you boot your computer. These kinds of
virus specially spread through removable devices like USB drive.
  Web scripting virus:
These types of viruses are spread into your computer if you access malicious
website.

 Overwrite Virus:
This type of virus deletes all the files that it infects. The only possible mechanism
to remove is to delete the infected files and the end-user has to lose all the contents in it.
Identifying the overwrite virus is difficult as it spreads through emails.

 Resident virus:
This is a general term for any virus that inserts itself in a computer system’s
memory. This virus can easily infect other files because it is hidden in the
memory and is hard to be removed from the system.

 Direct-action virus:
When a virus attaches itself directly to a .exe or .com file and enters the device
while its execution is called a Direct-Action Virus. It stays attached to the specific
type of files that it infects. It does not affect the user experience and system’s
performance.

 Polymorphic virus:
A polymorphic virus changes its code each time an infected file is executed. It
does this to evade antivirus programs. They create a modified or morphed version
of the existing program and infect the system and retain the original code.

 File infector virus:

File infector virus first infects a single file and then later spreads itself to other
executable files and programs. The main source of this virus are games and word
processors.

 Macro virus:
These kinds of viruses spread when we open an infected document, often through
email attachments.

Uses of antivirus:
 Protection from viruses and their transmission.
 It also blocks ads and spam popup windows.
 Antivirus defends us against hackers and data thieves.
 Removable devices protections are also ensured.
 It is obvious that it protects our data and files.
 It also protects our devices from spyware and phishing attacks.
 It limits the access of different kinds of malicious websites.
 It helps parents to keep an eye on kids and monitor their activity.
  It also protects saved passwords in our system.

S. N System Software Application Software

1. Low level languages are used to write the system While high level languages are used to write the
software. application software.

2. Without system software, system can’t run. Without application software system always runs.

3. It’s a general-purpose software. It’s a specific purpose software.

4. It provides platform for running application They can’t run without the presence of system
software. software.
5. Example of system software are operating Example of application software are Photoshop,
system, Device Driver etc. VLC player etc.

Application Software:
 Word Processing Software:
This software enables users to create and edit documents. The most popular example for
this type of software are MS-Word, WordPad and Notepad among other text editors.

 Database software:
Database is a structured collection of data. A computer database relies on database
software to organize data and enable database users to perform database operations.
Database software allows users to store and retrieve data from databases. Examples are
Oracle, MS Access, etc.

 Spreadsheet Software:
Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and Apple Numbers are some examples of spreadsheet software.
Spreadsheet software allows users to perform calculations using spreadsheets. They
simulate paper worksheets by displaying multiple cells that make up a grid.